Grammar in context
Listening
Past perfect simple 1a Look at the sentence and then decide which action happened first. When I had finished school, I bought a ticket to travel round the world. a I finished school. b I bought a ticket.
1b Choose the correct alternative.
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We use the past perfect simple to talk about actions that happened after/before another action in the past.
1c How do we form the past perfect simple?
SPEAKING Work with a partner. Read this
definition of a gap year. Do you think gap years sound interesting? Why/Why not?
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GRAMMAR REFERENCE ➤ PAGE 28
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2 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect simple form of the verbs given.
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gap year (n) /ɡæp jɪə(r)/ jɪə(rr))// jɪə(
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A year, usually between finishing school and starting university, when you travel or work.
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1 When she she sent it.
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2 The teacher didn’t let her do the exam because when she (start). arrived, the exam
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EXAM SUCCESS
(write) her letter of application,
3 He unlocked the door and
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Before listening tasks, it’s a good idea to read the questions and underline any important information. When you listen, remember that different speakers may use words that are in other questions, but you are listening for the ideas, not just the words that express them.
4 Before today’s conversation, I the boss.
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(not speak) to
5 When the wind trees shook.
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(blow), the leaves on the
6 They didn’t want to see the film again because they (see) it twice already.
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(step) inside.
7 They weren’t hungry because they
(eat).
C lock
2 They gave her the job because …
questions
A I didn’t work at any moment during my gap year.
3 I couldn’t go out last Saturday because …
homework
4 She arrived late for work because …
bus
B I learnt two languages during my gap year.
5 My little brother was crying because …
ice cream
C My gap year prepared me to study hard.
6 People on the beach were frightened because … shark
D I was fired from my gap year job because I didn’t enjoy it.
7 He didn’t feel well because …
pizza
8 They got wet because …
umbrella
2 What would be your perfect plan for a gap year? 24
Unit 2
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1 Which of these gap years do you like the most? Why?
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SPEAKING What about you?
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Speaker 3:
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Speaker 5:
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Speaker 2:
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Speaker 4:
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Speaker 1:
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F Although my gap year experience was difficult, it is going to influence my choice of a career.
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1 We couldn’t get into the room because …
E I enjoyed being close to nature during my gap year.
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3 Complete the sentences in a logical way using a verb in the past perfect simple and the words in bold.
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LISTENING 10 Listen to five people talking about their gap year experiences. Match each statement (A–F) with the correct speaker. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter.
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