Grammar in context GRAMMAR GUIDE
Present perfect simple and past simple 1a Read these sentences. Choose the correct alternative and write it in your notebook. 1 She moved to Thames Town in 2005. 2 He has worked on the project for over three years. 3 They’ve built the town around a market square. 4 They lived in Shanghai for four years but then they moved to Thames Town. a We use the present perfect/past simple for actions or experiences which happened at a specific moment in the past, or actions which started and finished in the past. Examples: sentences 1, 2, 3, 4.
b We use the present perfect/past simple for actions or experiences which happened at an unspecified moment in the past, actions which started in the past and continue to the present, or past actions which have a result in the present. Examples: sentences 1, 2, 3, 4. 1b In your notebook, complete this rule for the formation of present perfect. has/have + past participle
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
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2 In your notebook, complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in present perfect or past simple. spent 5 My great-grandfather died last year. He (spend) his whole life living in the country. moved (move) to a bigger flat. 6 Two years ago, Sophie 7 When you look around, you can see that this city has changed (change) a lot. was (be) a builder for ten years and then he 8 Charlie changed jobs.
1 Ian has been (be) in New York since last Friday. He’s leaving on Sunday. has lived (live) in this city all her life. 2 Kate She loves living here. went (go) to live in Milan. 3 In 2002, my cousin 4 Matt and Jo love travelling. They have visited (visit) lots of different countries.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
ever, never, for, since, yet, already, just 3a Read the sentences a–g and use the words in bold to complete each explanation. Write the answers in your notebook. a I have never been to Chile. b She has lived here since 2010. c Have you ever been to France? d I haven’t finished my project yet. e She has lived here for four years. f I have already watched this film. g He has just come back home.
for/since since/for and with 5 We use present perfect to talk about things that started in for the past and continue in the present. We use since with periods of time, and with specific moments in time. yet 6 We use with present perfect to say that something has not happened but we think it is going to happen soon. We use it in negative sentences and questions.
ever 1 We can use in questions with present perfect. It means ‘at any time in your life’. just 2 We use with present perfect to talk about very recent activities. already 3 We use with present perfect to say that something has happened, possibly earlier than we thought. never 4 We can use to make negative sentences in present perfect. It means ‘at no time in your life’.
3b What is the usual position of the words in 3a in a sentence? In your notebook, complete the gaps with the words in 3a. 1 Words that go just before the past participle: already, ever, just, never 2 Words that go just before a time expression: since, for 3 A word that usually goes at the end of the sentence: yet
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
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4 In your notebook, complete the sentences with the present perfect form of these verbs. Put the other word in the correct place in the sentence. already/visit 1 2 3 4
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ever/live
have/for
just/rain
love/since
They haven’t sold their flat yet. I ’ve never lived in a big city but one day I’d like to. yet . We haven’t finished this exercise My brother has already visited New York. He went there for a holiday five years ago.
never/live
not finish/yet
not sell/yet
for 5 We have had this car ten years. Has it just rained ? 6 Why is it wet here? ’ve loved since this city the day I arrived 7 I here. Have you ever lived in a cottage? 8
Unit 3
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07.05.2015 14:31