1.3
More Singular and Plural Nouns
OBJECTIVES • To form plurals of nouns ending in -o after a vowel, nouns ending in -o after a consonant, nouns that use a different word to show the plural, and nouns that use the same word for both the singular and plural • To become accustomed to using a dictionary to check plural forms
DAILY MAINTENANCE Assign Practice Book page 2, Section 1.3. After students finish, 1. Give immediate feedback. 2. Review concepts as needed. 3. Model the correct answer.
Tell students that a dictionary may show alternative spellings, as in cargos and cargoes, but that the first spelling is usually the more common form. Write on the board motto, portfolio, tomato, and foot. Have students use a dictionary to find the plural form of each word. Ask volunteers to write on the board the correct plural form of each word.
PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 Encourage students to look up in a dictionary any word with an unfamiliar plural form. When students have completed
Pages 4–5 of the Answer Key contain tips for Daily Maintenance.
WARM-UP
1.3
Write the following nouns on separate note cards: studio, studios, tomato, tomatoes, video, videos, mouse, mice, tooth, teeth, child, and children. Shuffle the cards and place them facedown on a table. Invite a student to play Concentration. Have the student turn over two cards in an attempt to match the singular and plural forms of a noun. If the student makes a match, have him or her remove the cards from the table. Continue with other students until all the nouns have been matched correctly.
More Singular and Plural Nouns
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
radio
radios
rodeo
rodeos
For a noun ending in -o after a consonant, form the plural by adding -es to the singular. SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
potato
potatoes
hero
heroes
For some nouns ending in -o after a consonant, however, the plural is formed by adding -s. SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
piano
pianos
solo
solos
Some singular nouns use a different word to show the plural. SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
goose woman child tooth
geese women children teeth
man ox mouse person
men oxen mice people
Some nouns use the same word for both singular and plural.
TEACH
6 • Section 1.3
EXERCISE 2 Review the rules for forming plurals. Suggest that students scan the sentences to determine which rule to use to form the correct plural of the word in parentheses. Have students complete the exercise independently. Ask volunteers to read the sentences aloud and to explain how they determined the plural of each word.
For a noun ending in -o after a vowel, form the plural by adding -s to the singular.
Read from a piece of writing that the class is currently reading. Emphasize the singular and plural nouns.
Have volunteers read aloud each rule for forming plurals. Discuss the examples. Acknowledge that students may have difficulty seeing patterns and reasons for these rules. Mention that irregular plurals of nouns can be confusing. Stress that students should use a dictionary to check plural forms.
the exercise, have them write sentences using five plurals. Ask volunteers to write their sentences on the board. Have the class check the plural forms.
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
deer sheep Iroquois
deer sheep Iroquois
fish series species
fish series species
Use a dictionary to check plural forms.
6
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Section 1.3