Modified (also called selected deletion) cloze, in which the words are deleted at irregular intervals depending on the test focus. All deletions may focus on the same language point or different but specific language points e.g. past tense forms, prepositions Multiple-choice cloze, which is an easier version of a traditional or modified cloze, where several options are offered for each gap. Banked cloze, in which the deleted words are listed below the gapped text, usually in an alphabetical order. Authentic cloze, which is a version of a traditional cloze, where a number of letters are cut off from the beginning or/and of each line. The text looks as if it has been clipped in a photocopier. C-test, in which every second word in a text is partially deleted, leaving the first half of the deleted word. Cloze elide, where words which do not belong there are inserted in the text and test takers have to find where the insertions are. 13.10. Assessing receptive skills (reading and listening) Receptive skills can be tested by objective test techniques, both discrete point and integrative. However, there are techniques which can be regarded as semiobjective as they require the candidate to do some writing, as well.
13.10.1. The most widely used task types Dual choice is a discrete point technique, in which there are two options, one of which is correct. The most traditional are true/false items, in which the candidates have to decide if the statements are true or false according to the (written or recorded) text. There can be variations which add one more question ‘not stated’, or require the candidate to correct the false statement, thus trying to reduce the 50% chance of getting the right answer. Multiple choice It is one of the most common discrete-point task types, because it is easy and quick to score even with a computer. There can be three or four statements (options) given, one of which is correct. However, in listening comprehension it can be more demanding for the test takers as they are required to keep all the options in their mind while listening to the passage.
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