Chapter 9. CONTROL AND REGULATION AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS
To maintain this low emission level of radio interferences, special attention must be paid to the installation wiring disposition, following recommendations for this purpose at any time.
Normative to which high frequency ballasts must comply In order to offer the maximum functioning and security guarantees, electronic ballasts must be designed according to the latest European norms in order to achieve the following characteristics: - Being electronic, they must be totally noise- free. - Not to produce flickering during ignition. - Corrected stroboscopic effect. - Useful as emergency devices, admitting continuous current power supply. - To allow a wide margin of power supply voltage. - To have an automatic disconnection circuit as opposed to faulty or depleted lamps. - To incorporate harmonic filters to avoid that these are introduced in the power supply. Therefore, they must comply with or follow the norms established below: UNE-EN 50081-1:
Electromagnetic compatibility. General emission norm.
UNE-EN 55015:
Radio electric perturbations of fluorescent lamps and luminaires.
EN 61000-3-2:
Perturbations of power supply systems. Harmonics.
EN 60928:
General and security prescriptions.
EN 60929:
Working prescriptions.
UNE-EN 50082-1:
Electromagnetic compatibility. General immunity norm.
Ignition through high frequency electronic equipments Ignition time for an electronic ballast is the necessary time to begin lamp ignition. Depending on this period of time, instantaneous ignition equipments (or cold ones) and ignition equipments with cathode preheating (or hot ones) will be distinguished. Instantaneous ignition electronic ballasts: They produce lamp ignition almost instantaneously. This ignition takes place with cold lamp cathodes, without a previous preheating. The use of these ballasts is recommended in installations where a limited number of daily ignitions is required, like offices, shopping precincts, banks, etc. Quick ignition electronic ballasts: These ballasts, as opposed to instantaneous ignition, have a short preheating time, of approximately 0.4 seconds. Preheating ignition electronic ballasts: These ballasts produce lamp ignition in an approximate time of two seconds. Previous to ignition, lamp cathodes are preheated by a initial current that goes through them, which originates a softer ignition, but not an instantaneous one. Nevertheless, in this type of installations, the life of the lamp subjected to frequent ignitions is much shorter than that of a lamp subjected to few ignitions and long periods of continuous working. HF generator for induction lamps: The HF generator provides the signal of high frequency (2.65 Mhz) to the antenna of the lamp to begin and maintain gas discharge. The generator electronic circuit system is inside a small metal box which protects from radio frequency interference and drives heat generated in the circuit.
9.3. Starters Mercury lamps have electrodes which allow starting with a low voltage, around 220 V. Therefore, no additional starting device is required. However, metal halide and high pressure sodium lamps need very high ignition voltage which may not be supplied by the reactance alone. Supplying this ignition power is the role of starters, which are also used for ignition of some low pressure sodium lamps.
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