11 June 2015
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Foreword Terrorism and ISIS in particular is an existential threat not only to Libya but to the global community. The murder of 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians in Sirte, Libya, the burning alive of a Jordanian pilot in Syria, and the recent attacks in France and Copenhagen are only a small portion of the heinous crimes committed by these criminals in the name of Islam. The document you have in your hands lists the atrocities committed on a daily basis in Libya. If these criminals are not dealt with, they will continue to murder, kidnap, extort, and enslave innocent people with ever greater impunity. LIAS will distribute these updates on a regular basis so that these crimes are widely reported and these criminals exposed for what they really are.
Dr. Aref Ali Nayed Chairman, Libyan Institute for Advanced Studies
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Table of Contents Glossary of Actors ........................................................................................................................ 4 Organizations ........................................................................................................................... 4 Individuals................................................................................................................................ 4 Locations .................................................................................................................................. 4 Map of Libya and Provinces ........................................................................................................ 5 Map of Libyan Population Density ............................................................................................. 6 Definition of Categorized Events ................................................................................................ 7 Islamic State Events over Time ................................................................................................... 8 ISIS Background, Situation, Expansion, and Strategy in Libya................................................. 9 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 9 Situation ................................................................................................................................... 9 Expansion ............................................................................................................................... 10 Strategy .................................................................................................................................... 11 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 12 Terrorist Activity in Libya .......................................................................................................... 13 Week of 7 June 2015 ............................................................................................................... 13 Week of 31 May 2015 ..............................................................................................................16 Week of 24 May 2015 ............................................................................................................. 22 Week of 17 May 2015............................................................................................................... 31 Week of 10 May 2015 ............................................................................................................. 42 Week of 3 May 2015 ............................................................................................................... 49 Week of 26 April 2015 ............................................................................................................ 56 Week of 19 April 2015 ............................................................................................................ 62 Week of 12 April 2015 ............................................................................................................ 69 Week of 5 April 2015 ............................................................................................................... 71 Week of 29 March 2015 ......................................................................................................... 76 Week of 22 March 2015 ......................................................................................................... 78 Week of 15 March 2015 ...........................................................................................................81 Week of 8 March 2015 ........................................................................................................... 86 Week of 1 March 2015 ............................................................................................................ 89 Week of 22 February 2015 ..................................................................................................... 92 Week of 15 February 2015...................................................................................................... 95 Week of 8 February 2015 ....................................................................................................... 98 2
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 1 February 2015 ..................................................................................................... 102 Week of 25 January 2015 ..................................................................................................... 104 Week of 18 January 2015 ..................................................................................................... 106 Week of 11 January 2015...................................................................................................... 108 Week of 4 January 2015 ....................................................................................................... 109 Week of 28 December 2014 .................................................................................................. 110 Week of 21 December 2014....................................................................................................111 Week of 14 December 2014 .................................................................................................. 112 Week of 7 December 2014 .................................................................................................... 112 Week of 30 November 2014 ................................................................................................. 112 Week of 23 November 2014 .................................................................................................. 113 Week of 16 November 2014 .................................................................................................. 113 Week of 9 November 2014 .................................................................................................... 114 Week of 2 November 2014 .................................................................................................... 117 Week of 19 October 2014 ...................................................................................................... 117 Week of 5 October 2014 ........................................................................................................ 118 Week of 7 September 2014 ................................................................................................... 118 Week of 17 August 2014 ........................................................................................................ 118 Week of 20 July 2014 ............................................................................................................ 118 Week of 15 June 2014 ........................................................................................................... 119 Week of 16 March 2014......................................................................................................... 119 Main Hubs of ISIS Activity ...................................................................................................... 120
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Glossary of Actors Organizations Libya Dignity – The military operation led by General Khalifa Haftar commanding the Libyan Army to rid Benghazi of Islamist militias, he is allied to the internationally recognized House of Representatives in Tobruk. Libya Dawn – A coalition of militias based in Tripoli and Misrata, currently under the command of the now defunct General National Congress. Libya Sunrise – A faction of Libya Dawn, they are the armed units operating in western Libya, stationed in Bin Jawad. Currently, Operation Sunrise is attempting to seize the As Sidr and Ras Lanuf oil terminals from the Libyan National Army. Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi (AAS) aka Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries – Islamic Militia Islamic State in Cyrenaica (Barqa) - (MSSI) Majlis Shura Shabab al-Islam – Islamic Militia in Derna, associated with ISIL, largest ISIL affiliate Islamic State in Tripolitania – Islamic Militia, associated with ISIL Islamic State in Fezzan – Islamic Militia, associated with ISIL
Individuals Khalifa Haftar – Head of Operation Libya Dignity, allied to HoR, currently leading the Libyan Army against Islamist militias in Benghazi Wissam bin Humaid – Commander of Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries (AAS) Mohammed al-Zahawi – Former Commander of Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi, killed in January 2015 Abu Taleb al-Jazrawey – Yemeni Emir of Islamic State in Derna
Locations Tripolitania (aka Tarabulus) – NW province, capital is Tripoli Cyrenaica (aka Barqa) – Eastern Province, capital is Benghazi Fezzan – Southern Province, capital Sebha Derna – Eastern port city, IS headquarters and training center Sirte – Central port city, IS in Tripolitania headquarters (Ouagadougou Conference Center) Bayda – Eastern city, Home to Al-Thinni’s cabinet and Constitutional Drafting Assembly Bin Jawad – Central city, frontline for the As Sidr and Ras Lanuf oil terminal battles Sabratha – City west of Tripoli, stronghold for IS in Tripolitania Sebha – Southwestern city, capital of Fezzan, likely the headquarters for IS in Fezzan 4
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Map of Libya and Provinces
MAP 1 - PROVINCES OF LIBYA
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Map of Libyan Population Density
MAP 2 - LIBYAN POPULATION DENSITY MAP
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Definition of Categorized Events Armed Clashes – Battles or skirmishes between two armed organizations using but not limited to light, medium, and heavy weaponry. Beheading – The act of execution by decapitation. Human Rights Violations – Acts committed by a group or individual that deliberately disregard moral principles or norms outlined in international laws such as the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Kidnapping – The forceful abduction and detention of an individual or group. Murder – The act of intentionally killing another human, this includes targeted killings and assassinations. Propaganda/Recruitment – The production of media to deliberately spread the principles or doctrines of an organization in the attempt to further that organization’s agenda.
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Islamic State Events over Time
45 40 35
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Jul
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
2014 Violence Against Civilians - Shelling
1
Violence Against Civilians - Murder
6
Violence Against Civilians - Kidnapping
1
Violence Against Civilians - Human Rights Violation
1 1
Violence Against Civilians - Car Bomb Violence Against Civilians - Beheading
1
4
Headquarters or Base Establishment Battle - No Change of Location Control Car Bomb
2 2
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
1 1
Jun
3
1
1
1
14
3
4
5
4
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
24
24
13
24
1 1
1
3 1
8
May
1
Violence Against Civilians - Assassination
Non-Violent Activity by a Conflict Actor Propaganda/Recruitment
Apr
2015
1
5 1
3
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
ISIS Background, Situation, Expansion, and Strategy in Libya Overview The launch of Operation Dawn in July 2014 by militias based in Tripoli and Mistrata, provided the catalyst to sufficiently destabilize Libya’s already fragile political and security situation. During this time, elements of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, long present in eastern Libya, seized the opportunity to advance their own agenda. Over the past six months, IS in Libya has grown from a small group of jihadists in Derna, allegedly sent in mid-September 2014 by ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, to an increasingly dangerous force, with bases of operation within all three of historical provinces in Libya.
Situation The beheading of 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians in a video released on 15 February shows that the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has considerable influence outside areas originally declared in their “caliphate.” The video, released by ISIS’s al-Hayat Media Center, shows the execution and beheading of 21 Egyptians by militants belonging
PHOTO 1 – IS LEADER ABU SULEIMAN AL-JAHBATHY THREATENS ROME
to ISIS’s Wilayat al-Tarabulus, or Tripoli Province of the caliphate. Following the beheadings, the leader of the group declares, in clear English, that Wilayat al-Tarbabulus will be the base for ISIS’s planned advance on Rome.
In later videos, ISIS members announce their desire to use Libya as a platform for future expansion and attacks against Europe, notably Italy. An essay written by a prominent ISIS supporter outlines ISIS’s plans for Libya. The author calls Libya a “strategic gateway for the Islamic State.” The essay states that “Libya, by the permission of God, is the key to Tunisia, Sudan, Mali, Algeria, and Niger too. It is the anchor from which can be reached Africa and the Islamic Maghreb. However, for this dream to become a reality we must move quickly.” 9
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Finally the author states, “(Libya) has a long coastline and looks upon the southern Crusader states, which can be reached with ease by even a rudimentary boat and note that the number of ‘illegal immigration’ trips from this coast is massive, estimated to be as high as 500 people a day, as a low estimate. “According to many [of these immigrants], it is easily possible to pass through Maritime Security Checkpoints and arrive in cities. If this was even partially exploited and developed strategically, pandemonium could be wrought in the southern Europe. It is even possible that there could be a closure of shipping lines because of the targeting of Crusader ships and tankers.”
Expansion After the 2011 revolution, portions of the eastern city of Darnah, a city known for its sympathies for fundamentalist religious groups, had been under the control of Majlis Shura Shabab al-Islam (MSSI). Members of MSSI appear to have been the conduit for ISIS representatives to enter eastern Libya. Reports on social media website began showing members of MSSI implementing hisba (accountability patrols) throughout the city, in a manner mirroring patrols by ISIS members in Mosul and Raqqa. These patrols were the first tendrils of ISIS’s presence in Libya. By mid-September 2014 photos posted to social media sites showed several large ISIS parades throughout Darnah. On 3 October 2014, members of MSSI held a large rally in the center of Darnah declaring baya (allegiance) to ISIS and its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. It was later noted by Atlantic Council research fellow Mohamed Eljarh that a Saudi Arabian named Abu Habib Al-Jazrawi was declared emir of the newly created Wilayat Darnah. This declaration has become the first substantial foothold for ISIS outside of Iraq and Syria. ISIS representatives have used Darnah as a springboard to spread its influence throughout the other provinces of Libya.
The continued political and military chaos in Libya following the ouster of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 has provided an ideal situation for extremist organizations such as ISIS to expand throughout Libya. In the months following MSSI’s declaration of allegiance to ISIS in October, attacks attributed to other ISIS related groups have occurred across all regions of Libya.
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
During the week of 9 November 2014, three car bombings and four beheadings were carried out by groups affiliated with ISIS in the eastern province of Barqa. In December 2014, IS affiliates of the Tarabulus province took credit for car bombings outside of the Diplomatic Security Headquarters in Tripoli, later detonating a car bomb outside of the Embassy of Algeria. Later that month, ISIS in Sirte kidnapped a
PHOTO 2 - A MAP SHOWING THE THREE PROVINCES TO BE GOVERNED BY ISIS IN EASTERN , WESTERN , AND SOUTHERN LIBYA .
group of Egyptian Coptic Christians. On 3 January, members of ISIS in Fezzan, Libya’s southern promise, attacked a Libyan Army checkpoint in Sokhna, killing 14 soldiers and two cooks while they were sleeping. Since then, ISIS affiliates have increased the diversity and lethality of their attacks. ISIS members in Libya have taken credit for the attack on the Corinthia hotel in Tripoli, the beheading of 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians, and the coordinated car bombing of three locations in Qubbah. ISIS in Libya has repeatedly demonstrated a willingness to target both civilians and government officials.
Strategy Aaron Zelin, Richard Barrow Fellow for the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, recently stated that ISIS in Libya seems to be attempting to follow the same tactics it so effectively employed in Iraq and Syria last June. Unlike its predecessor al-Qaeda, ISIS has effectively used media sharing websites such as JustPasteIt, Manbar, and Twitter to continually update its supporters and potential recruits that it is active in the areas under its control. These press releases not only show the results of attacks by ISIS affiliates throughout Libya, but also show the same organizations proselytizing (dawah) children and the poor. Like in Iraq and Syria, the considerably well produced media publications have been used as a powerful tool to build both community support for the group and attract foreign recruits.
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
In regards to recruitment, ISIS has recently launched a large campaign to funnel fighters from other extremist groups within Libya. Again, this follows a similar tactic employed by ISIS in Syria, attracting fighters from similar organizations such as Jahbat al-Nusra and recruiting them to fight for the Islamic State. The Islamic State in Libya’s largest target has been Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi. ISIS has released a series of statements urging the seasoned fighters of Ansar al-Sharia to join ISIS’s ranks. This campaign seems to have started following the announcement of the death of Ansar al-Sharia’s leader, Mohammed alZahawi. A video released on 27 February 2015 shows an ISIS fighter calling for supporters to travel to Libya and fight. Other analysts note that ISIS is using Libya as a regional command center and a launching point for further expansion. Large stockpiles of Gaddafi-era weapons can be found throughout Libya. In addition, porous borders allow ISIS to easily smuggle fighters from neighboring countries. On 25 February, Libya’s Tripoli based government abolished entry visas for Algerian and Moroccan nationals. Over 2,000 Moroccans and Algerians are thought to be currently fighting with ISIS. Finally, ISIS attacks on Libyan oil facilities may suggest their desire to control portions of Libya’s lucrative oil resources. It is estimated that ISIS in Iraq and Syria generated up to $2 million per day from illegal oil exports. A similar strategy in Libya would provide substantial funding.
Conclusions As noted in the 5th edition of ISIS’s online magazine Dabiq, its largest foreign base of support is Libya. The drastic increase in bombings, kidnappings, and beheadings throughout Libya by organizations allied to ISIS seems to have proven these claims true. ISIS in Libya has been able to take advantage of the nation’s post-revolutionary political turmoil to establish a base of support, though to a lesser degree, using the same tactics as in Iraq and Syria. Like in Iraq and Syria, ISIS in Libya has been able to recruit foreign fighters to join its ranks, as seen at the Corinthia Hotel. Given heavy military setbacks in Kobane and Mosul, coupled with ISIS’s heavy campaigning for immigration by ISIS officials, ISIS members have turned to Libya as its next area of expansion. Without international cooperation with Libya’s recognized government, ISIS will continue to flourish in Northern Africa.
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Terrorist Activity in Libya Week of 7 June 2015 Sirte – On 11 June 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video titled "The Battle of Abu Ibrahim al-Misrati." The video depicts the May 2015 attack on Al-Jalet military compound wherein the Islamic State overran Libya Dawn and captured a Soviet-era tank.i
PHOTO 3 - IS SEIZES TANK FROM A L-JALET
Derna – On 10 June 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica and the Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna engaged in armed clashes that left at least 20 dead. Following the death of its leader, Salem Derby, the SCMD declared jihad against the Islamic State.ii
PHOTO 4 - SCMD DECLARES JIHAD AGAINST IS 13
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 9 June 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of the recently captured steam power station on the outskirts of Sirte. The set of photos shows that IS militants used a tank – most likely taken from Al-Jalet military compound – in the attack on Libya Dawn.iii
PHOTO 5 - IS EXPANDS TERRITORY N EAR SIRTE
Derna – On 9 June 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Derna posted photos of its members inspecting checkpoints surrounding the city.iv
PHOTO 6 - AAS INSPECTS CHECKPOINTS IN DERNA 14
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Misrata – On 7 June 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania launched an assault on the Abu Grain checkpoint, 100km southeast of Misrata. According to the Libya Herald, IS militants approached the checkpoint from three sides, killed three guards by slitting their throats, and then withdrew from the area.v
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 31 May 2015 Ajdabiya – On 6 June 2015, Ansar al-Sharia posted photos of its members meeting with the Shura Council of Ajdabiya Revolutionaries (SCAR) in Ajdabiya. This is the first time that Ansar al-Sharia has promoted such an activity.vi
PHOTO 7 - AAS ALLIES WITH SCAR
Benghazi – On 5 June 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of its Support and Supply Center within its Department of Economics.vii
PHOTO 8 - AAS DISTRIBUTION CENTER
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Harawa – On 5 June 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members securing the city of Harawa.viii
PHOTO 9 - IS SECURING HARAWA
Tripoli – On 3 June 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania kidnapped 86 Eritrean migrants in Tripoli.ix
Nawfaliyah – On 3 June 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica killed two Eritrean migrants outside of Nawfaliyah.x
Derna – On 3 June 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica beheaded a man on charges of espionage in Derna. According to reports from social media, children were brought near the corpse for educational purposes.xi
PHOTO 10 - CHILDREN WITNESS B EHEADING
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 2 June 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a eulogy for a Saudi Arabian man named Hakeem Al-Madany. According to reports from social media, AlMadany travelled first to Yemen by land, then to Sudan via boat, and finally to Libya via migrant smuggling routes.xii
PHOTO 11 - EULOGY FOR ABU HAKEEM
Benghazi – On 2 June 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a eulogy for an Egyptian man called Abu Abdullah al-Masri. According to the eulogy, Al-Masri was an exEgyptian Army officer who trained terrorists in a number of other countries, came to Benghazi to join Ansar al-Sharia, and died fighting for the Islamic State.xiii
PHOTO 12 - ABU ABDULLAH AL-MASRI
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Nawfaliyah – On 31 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members performing hisba activities in Nawfaliyah. The photos show IS militants gathering and later burning prohibited cassette tapes, alcohol, and other items believed to be associated with magic.xiv
PHOTO 13 - IS COLLECTS AND BURNS MUNKARAT (PROHIBITED ITEMS)
Lamluda – On 31 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its 28 May attack on the Lamluda Checkpoint in eastern Libya. The photo dump contains photos of confiscated weapons, dead soldiers, and the man beheaded and paraded around the streets of Derna.xv
PHOTO 14 - IS PROPAGANDIZES BEHEADING
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 31 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania eulogized Abu Wahib al-Tunsi for carrying out a VBIED attack on the Dafniya checkpoint in Misrata.xvi
PHOTO 15 – IS EULOGIZES ABU WAHIB AL -TUNISI
Sirte – On 31 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a VBIED attack on the well-known Dafniya checkpoint in Misrata.xvii
PHOTO 16 - AFTERMATH OF IS CAR BOMB
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Nawfaliyah – On 31 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members distributing propaganda in Nawfaliyah.xviii
PHOTO 17 - IS DISTRIBUTING PROPAGANDA
Benghazi – On 31 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members taking up defensive positions in the Sabri neighborhood of Benghazi.xix
PHOTO 18 - IS MILITANTS IN BENGHAZI
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 31 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia released photos of its members shelling the Libyan Army in Benghazi. According to the photo dump, Ansar al-Sharia developed a new rocket launcher called the “Zahawi-1.”xx
PHOTO 19 - AAS'S ZAHAWI -1
Week of 24 May 2015 Derna – On 29 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania publicly executed two men at the Sahaba Mosque in Derna.xxi
PHOTO 20 - IS EXECUTES "APOSTATES "
Sirte – On 29 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed to have taken over the Gardabya Air Base and Great Manmade River Camp in Sirte. Reports from both social and traditional media state that IS defeated Operation Libya Dawn’s 166 Battalion and 136 Battalion.xxii 22
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
PHOTO 21 - IS DEFEATS LIBYA DAWN
Derna – On 29 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out two VBIED attacks in the Sidi Khaled neighborhood of Derna.xxiii
Derna – On 28 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica captured and beheaded a Libyan soldier by the name of Ehab Faraj Asholwatiya. Photos from social media show that Asholwatiya's body was attached to a vehicle and driven around Derna.xxiv
PHOTO 22 - IS BEHEADS SOLDIER
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 28 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia released photos of its members fighting the Libyan Army in Benghazi. The photo dump also included photos of various beheaded Libyan soldiers.xxv
PHOTO 23 - AAS BEHEADS SOLDIER
Benghazi – On 28 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of one of its training camps in Benghazi.xxvi
PHOTO 24 - IS TRAINING CAMP IN BENGHAZI
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Ain Marah – On 27 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica posted photos of its members using 120mm mortars against Libyan Army forces in Ain Marah.xxvii
PHOTO 25 - IS MILITANT LOADING 120MM MORTAR
Nawfaliyah – On 27 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its defensive positions in and around Nawfaliyah.xxviii
PHOTO 26 - IS CHECKPOINT IN NAWFALIYAH
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
An Nawwaqiyah – On 27 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of a raid carried out on a Libyan Army camp. According to the photo dump, the raid took place south of Benghazi in the village of An Nawwaqiyah.xxix
PHOTO 27 - CAPTURED ARMY MATERIEL
Benghazi – On 27 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of its Environmental Protection Department clearing the streets of debris with a bulldozer and dump truck.xxx
PHOTO 28 - AAS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT 26
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Derna – On 26 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of a sandstorm in Derna.xxxi
PHOTO 29 - SANDSTORM IN D ERNA
Sirte – On 26 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of its members fighting against Operation Libya Dawn's 166 Battalion. The clashes took place on the outskirts of Sirte.xxxii
PHOTO 30 - IS CELEBRATES VICTORY AGAINST LIBYA DAWN
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 26 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members firing large caliber mortars in Benghazi.xxxiii
PHOTO 31 - IS U SING 120MM MORTARS
Benghazi – On 26 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of recently deceased foreign fighters in Benghazi. Reports from social media suggest that the men were from Egypt, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia.xxxiv
PHOTO 32 - EULOGIZED FOREIGN FIGHTER
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Derna – On 25 May 2015, the Islamic Statein Cyrenaica released photos of its media center in Derna. The new media center features a small, outdoor cinema and a booth for distributing propaganda.xxxv
PHOTO 33 - IS MEDIA CENTER IN DERNA
Benghazi – On 25 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a photo of a beheaded Libyan soldier in Benghazi.xxxvi
PHOTO 34 - IS BEHEADS LIBYAN SOLDIER
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 17 May 2015 Harawa – On 23 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica posted photos of its members taking up defensive positions against the Libyan Army in Harawa.xxxvii
PHOTO 35 - IS FIGHTERS IN HARAWA
Benghazi – On 23 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of its "Sheikh Abu Musab Al-Zahawi" sniper camp.xxxviii Trainees can be seen using photos of General Khalifa Haftar and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi as targets.
PHOTO 36 - AAS SNIPER CAMP IN B ENGHAZI
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 23 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members using mortars against the Libyan Army in Benghazi.xxxix
PHOTO 37 - IS U SING MORTAR AGAINST LIBYAN ARMY
Derna – On 23 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of civilians being publicly flogged in Derna.xl
PHOTO 38 - IS FLOGS CIVILIANS IN DERNA
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 23 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of civilians being publicly flogged in Benghazi.xli
PHOTO 39 - IS FLOGS CIVILIANS IN BENGHAZI
Sirte – On 22 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos showing its members driving a tank in Sirte. According to reports from social media, the tank was taken from the Al-Jalet military compound after Libya Dawn fled the area.xlii
PHOTO 40 - IS COMMANDEERS LIBYA DAWN TANK
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 22 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of its troops patrolling the streets of Sirte.xliii
PHOTO 41 - IS MILITANTS PATROLLING SIRTE
Unspecified – On 22 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a set of photos promoting its booby-trapping workshops. The release does not specify the location of the workshops, but they most likely took place in Sirte.xliv
PHOTO 42 - IS IED W ORKSHOP
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 21 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi posted photos of ammunition, body armor, and weapons seized from the Libyan Army.xlv
PHOTO 43 - AAS SEIZES ARMY S UPPLIES
Misrata – On 21 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a VBIED attack on Misrata’s “Checkpoint 60.” Reports from social media claim that a man called Abu Hafs AlMuhajer carried out the attack.xlvi
PHOTO 44 - ABU HAFS AL-MUJAHER PRIOR TO DETONATION
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 20 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos showing a victory against Operation Libya Dawn's 166 Battalion. According to reports from social media, IS militants also pushed the 166 Battalion out of Al-Jalet military compound.xlvii
PHOTO 45 - IS CELEBRATES VICTORY OVER LIBYA DAWN
Harawa – On 20 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out a VBIED attack on the eastern checkpoint in Harawa.xlviii Reports from social media claim that a Sudanese man called Abu Abdallah Sudany carried out the attack.
PHOTO 46 - IS CLAIMS VBIED IN HARAWA 36
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 20 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos promoting the work done by its Department of Education.xlix
PHOTO 47 - AAS EDUCATES CHILDREN IN BENGHAZI
Al-Qubbah – On 19 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out a VBIED attack on a security checkpoint in the eastern city of Al-Qubbah, killing one and injuring seven others. The group later released photos claiming responsibility for the attack. According to reports from social media, a man called Hamid Yousef Saleh Suleiman (nom de guerre: Mujahid AlDernawi) carried out the attack.l
PHOTO 48 - MUJAHID AL-DERNAWI PRIOR TO DETONATION 37
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Nawfaliyah – On 19 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of mujahideen in Nawfaliyah celebrating the fall of Ramadi, Iraq.li
PHOTO 49 - IS EXTREMISTS CELEBRATING IN NAWFALIYAH
Sirte – On 19 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of mujahideen in Sirte celebrating the fall of Ramadi, Iraq.lii
PHOTO 50 - IS EXTREMISTS CELEBRATING IN SIRTE
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Derna – On 19 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of Dernawi citizens celebrating the fall of Ramadi, Iraq.liii
PHOTO 51 - CHILD CELEBRATING IN DERNA
Derna – On 19 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a highlight reel of its "Beginning and End" children’s camp in Derna.liv
PHOTO 52 - COLLAGE FROM IS YOUTH RETREAT
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 18 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of a weapon cache the group had allegedly seized from the Libyan Army.lv
PHOTO 53 - AAS DISPLAYS SEIZED WEAPONS AND AMMO
Misrata – On 17 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed responsibility for a VBIED attack on a Libya Dawn headquarters in Misrata.lvi
PHOTO 54 - IS CLAIMS VBIED A TTACK IN MISRATA
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Derna – On 17 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Derna released a set of photos showing its militants securing the southern road that connects Tobruk to Derna.lvii
PHOTO 55 - AAS MONITORS ROAD TO DERNA
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 10 May 2015 Derna – On 16 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Derna released a set of photos showing a recent aid distribution campaign. In what appears to be a new tactic, Ansar al-Sharia applied branding to bottles of holy water and olive oil.lviii
PHOTO 56 - AAS BRANDED WATER AND HONEY
Sirte – On 15 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of its troops using a 106mm anti-tank weapon against members of Operation Libya Dawn.lix
PHOTO 57 - IS U SES 106MM AGAINST LIBYA DAWN
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Harawa – On 14 may 2014, the Islamic State in Tripolitania kidnapped and beheaded two men from the central city of Harawa. According to reports from traditional and social media, IS militants raided the city sometime after dawn, kidnapped the men, and then beheaded them in the nearby IS stronghold of Nawfaliyah.lx
PHOTO 58 - IS BEHEADS MEN FROM N AWFALIYAH
Benghazi – On 14 May 2014, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a video showing the destruction of a Libyan Army tank.lxi
PHOTO 59 - AAS DESTROYS LIBYAN ARMY TANK 43
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Derna – On 14 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica publicly flogged three men on charges of giving false testimonies in Derna.lxii
PHOTO 60 - IS PUBLICLY PUNISHES CITIZENS
Benghazi – On 14 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a set of photos suggesting that the group used a tank against the Libyan Army.lxiii
PHOTO 61 - AAS U TILIZES TANK AGAINST LIBYAN ARMY 44
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi - On 14 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its most recent targeted shelling of Benghazi. According to the captioning, the Islamic State targeted the Beloun neighborhood – the location in which at least three children died from mortar shells.lxiv
PHOTO 62 - IS IN BENGHAZI PREPARES MORTAR ROUNDS
Nawfaliyah - On 14 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its members burning contraband cigarettes in the city of Nawfaliyah.lxv
PHOTO 63 - IS IN NAWFALIYAH BURNS CONTRABAND 45
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 14 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of its military fortifications on Airport Road in Sirte. The photos showcase checkpoints, anti-air units, and foot patrols.lxvi
PHOTO 64 - IS CHECKPOINT IN SIRTE
Derna – On 13 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Derna released photos of additional rallies held for children. According to the propaganda, the contests and entertainment were held to alleviate the stress put upon the children by the Libyan Army.lxvii
PHOTO 65 - AAS INDOCTRINATES CHILDREN IN DERNA 46
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 11 May 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of its dawah activities in Sirte.lxviii
PHOTO 66 - IS IN SIRTE DISTRIBUTES BROCHURES
Benghazi – On 10 May 2015, the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries released a promotional video of its military activities in the Sabri neighborhood of Benghazi.lxix
PHOTO 67 - SCREENCAP FROM SCBR PROMO
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Unspecified – On 10 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Libya released a video suggesting that the group sent humanitarian aid to Sudan.lxx
PHOTO 68 - SUDANESE MAN IN KHARTOUM THANKS AAS
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 3 May 2015 Benghazi – On 9 May 2015, the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries released photos of their BM-21 Grad launch vehicle.lxxi
PHOTO 69 - SCBR SHOWS OFF BM -21 GRAD
Derna – On 9 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Derna released photos of a rally held for children. According to the propaganda, the contests and entertainment were held in order to alleviate the stress put upon the children by the Libyan Army.lxxii
PHOTO 70 - AAS IN DERNA INDOCTRINATES CHILDREN
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Unspecified – On 9 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Libya released the 10th edition of its periodical. Produced by Al Raya Media Foundation, this edition not only highlights Ansar alSharia's services in Benghazi and Derna, but also calls attention to the lives of Al-Qaida members Nasr bin Ali Al-Ansi and Atiyatallah Al-Libi.lxxiii
PHOTO 71 - AAS EULOGIZES AQ LEADERSHIP
Benghazi and environs – On 8 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrencaica released a video highlighting its battles against the Libyan Army in the Leithi neighborhood of Benghazi. The video begins with IS militants pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, transitions to what appears to be the execution of Tunisian journalists Soufian Chourabi and Nadhir Ktari, and concludes with the mass execution of unknown individuals.lxxiv
PHOTO 72 - IS REVEALS EXECUTION OF TUNISIAN JOURNALISTS
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Derna – On 7 May 2015, the Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna released a video showing the group's battles against the Libyan Army. Towards the end of the video, Saad AlTayra – one of the group’s leaders – challenges General Khalifa Haftar to approach Derna.lxxv
PHOTO 73 - SAAD AL-TAYRA CALLS OUT HAFTAR
Ajdabiya – On 7 May 2015, the newly formed Shura Council of Ajdabiya Revolutionaries released a promotional video highlighting the group's presence in Ajdabiya. The video features a convoy of technicals adorned with black standards parading through the city.lxxvi
PHOTO 74 - CAVALCADE OF SHURA COUNCIL TRUCKS IN AJDABIYA
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Benghazi – On 7 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a set of photos highlighting its Islamic Police. This release claims that Ansar al-Sharia's Islamic Police confiscated stolen goods and intend to prosecute those who are responsible.lxxvii
PHOTO 75 - AAS ISLAMIC POLICE IN BENGHAZI
Derna – On 7 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showcasing their hisba activities in Derna. This release features Islamic State militants gathering and burning cigarettes, hashish, and water pipes.lxxviii
PHOTO 76 - IS BURNS CONTRABAND
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Derna - On 7 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos highlighting the aftermath of Libyan Air Force airstrikes in Derna.lxxix
MAP 3 - IS IN DERNA VILLAINIZES LIBYAN AIR FORCE
Benghazi – On 6 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showcasing the extremist group’s use of underground tunnels in the Sabri district of Benghazi.lxxx
PHOTO 77 - IS U TILIZES TUNNELS U NDER BENGHAZI
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Benghazi – On 5 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a video promoting its selfdeclared Department of Transport. The video features masked extremists repairing a technical in front of Ansar al-Sharia's black standard. One interviewee points out that jihad can be carried out in many ways, including fixing cars.lxxxi
PHOTO 78 - AAS PROMOTES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT
Benghazi – On 3 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of a public execution carried out in Benghazi. According to reports from social media, the Islamic State executed the man on charges of sorcery.lxxxii
PHOTO 79 - IS EXECUTES ALLEGED SORCERER
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Benghazi – On 3 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a set of photos highlighting its maintenance of downed electrical lines. In this release, Ansar al-Sharia claims that its men are beginning a new phase in upgrading the nation's infrastructure.lxxxiii
PHOTO 80 - AAS PROMOTES DEPARTMENT OF SERVICES
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Week of 26 April 2015 Unspecified – On 2 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia's Al Raya Media Foundation published the ninth edition of its newspaper. The newspaper is a compilation of Ansar al-Sharia's recent propaganda.
PHOTO 81 - AAS RELEASES 9TH NEWSPAPER
Benghazi – On 2 May 2015, the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries released a set of photos showing, “mujahideen relaxing with a game of football in as-Sabri.” The photos show masked extremists playing football under the protection of armed children.lxxxiv
PHOTO 82 - SCBR RELAXES BY PLAYING FOOTBALL 56
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 1 May 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a set of photos promoting a newly opened health center. According to the release, Ansar al-Sharia's Health Bureau oversees operations at the new facility.lxxxv
PHOTO 83 - AAS PROMOTES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Derna – On 1 May 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica executed three men near Derna’s central square. According to the Libya Herald, the men, accused of being homosexuals, were shot and killed outside of the Ateeq Mosque.lxxxvi
PHOTO 84 - IS EXECUTES ALLEGED HOMOSEXUALS 57
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Benghazi – On 30 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a set of photos promoting its Fire Department. According to Ansar al-Sharia, their services were required in order to put out a fire started by the Libyan Army.lxxxvii
PHOTO 85 - AAS DEPLOYS FIRE TRUCK IN BENGHAZI
Benghazi – On 29 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of a member's wedding. The ceremony allegedly took place in the Guwarsha neighborhood of Benghazi.lxxxviii
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PHOTO 86 - ANSAR AL-SHARIA WEDDING IN BENGHAZI
Derna – On 28 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos promoting life in the city of Derna.lxxxix
PHOTO 87 - IS PROMOTES IDYLLIC LIFE IN DERNA
Sirte – On 28 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of their members patrolling the streets of Sirte.xc 59
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
PHOTO 88 - IS IN SIRTE PATROLS THE STREETS
Tripoli/Sirte – On 28 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video highlighting a VBIED attack that was carried out in February 2015. The video, recorded outside of the Ouagadougou Conference Center in Sirte, calls for foreigners to join the Islamic State's ranks.
PHOTO 89 - IS MILITANT U RGES FOREIGNERS TO COME TO LIBYA
Benghazi – On 27 April 2015, the Islamic State in Benghazi released a set of photos showcasing the destruction of items considered to be haram, namely cigarettes.xci 60
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
PHOTO 90 - IS BURNS CIGARETTES IN BENGHAZI
Benghazi – On 26 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi eulogized Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb’s (AQIM) Abu Masoud Miloud Sdaqa.xcii According to the eulogy, Sdaqa died fighting against the Libyan Army in Benghazi.xciii
PHOTO 91 - AAS MOURNS AQIM' S SDAQA
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Week of 19 April 2015 Benghazi – On 25 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos promoting their military activity against the Libyan Army in Benghazi.xciv
PHOTO 92 - IS MILITANT U SES RIFLE GRENADE
Sirte – On 24 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a set of photos showing Friday prayers at the Rabat Mosque in Sirte. The Islamic State in Sirte's spiritual leader, Hussein Al-Karamy, makes an appearance in this release.xcv
PHOTO 93 - HUSSEIN AL-KARAMY SPEAKS AT FRIDAY PRAYERS
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Benghazi - On 23 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showing a recently graduated group of IS militants. According to the release, the men and children in the photos are a new batch of recruits for the fight against the Libyan Army in Benghazi.xcvi
PHOTO 94 - IS MILITANTS INDOCTRINATE YOUNG BOY
Sirte – On 23 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released propaganda stating that Operation Libya Dawn indiscriminately shelled innocent Muslims in Sirte.xcvii
PHOTO 95 -IS BLAMES LIBYA DAWN FOR DESTRUCTION 63
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Tripoli – On 22 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed responsibility for the IED attack on the Spanish Embassy. The embassy, located in the Ben Ashour district of Tripoli, was targeted on the night of 20 April. No one was injured in the attack.xcviii
PHOTO 96 - IS CLAIMS EMBASSY B OMBING
Sirte – On 22 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a set of photos showcasing the city of Sirte.xcix
PHOTO 97 - IS PROMOTES IDYLLIC LIFE IN SIRTE
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Derna – On 21 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing the distribution of informational pamphlets throughout Derna.c
PHOTO 98 - IS DISTRIBUTES PROPAGANDA IN DERNA
Benghazi – On 20 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its most recent military activities in Benghazi, specifically the Sabri neighborhood. This set of photos highlights the Islamic State's use of heavy machine guns against the Libyan Army.
PHOTO 99 - IS IN BENGHAZI ENGAGES IN SABRI DISTRICT
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Benghazi – On 20 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of aid distribution throughout Benghazi.
PHOTO 100 - CHILDREN IN BENGHAZI RECEIVE FOOD FROM AAS
Derna – On 20 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica engaged in clashes with the Harir Al-Mansouri family. After roughly 12 hours of clashes, the Islamic State defeated the entire family and hung three of their bodies in Derna as a deterrent to others.ci
PHOTO 101 - IS HANGS BROTHERS IN DERNA 66
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Derna – On 19 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of the group publically punishing a man accused of theft. In the set of photos, IS extremists chop off the hands of a Dernawi citizen.cii
PHOTO 102 - IS DISMEMBER CITIZEN OF DERNA
Cyrenaica/Fezzan – On 19 April 2015, the Islamic State in Libya released a video wherein two groups of Ethiopian Christians are executed. Titled Until There Came to Them Clear Evidence, the video begins with a lengthy history lesson and ends with the execution of two distinct groups of Ethiopian Christians. According to the Associated Press, the group held in Fezzan was killed via firing squad, while the group in Cyrenaica was beheaded.ciii
PHOTO 103 - IS EXECUTES ETHIOPIAN CHRISTIANS IN CYRENAICA 67
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 19 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of its recent military activity in Benghazi. In this set of photos, the Islamic State shows its use of GRAD missiles against the Libyan National Army.civ
PHOTO 104 - IS INDISCRIMINATELY SHELLS BENGHAZI
Derna – On 19 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Derna released photos of a rally held Derna.cv
PHOTO 105 - ANSAR AL -SHARIA IN DERNA HOLDS RALLY
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Week of 12 April 2015 Benghazi - On 15 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a video showcasing the use of a wire-guided missile against the Libyan National Army. According to the uploaders of the video, Byan Media, the operation was carried out from the University of Benghazi.cvi
PHOTO 106 - AAS E MPLOYS WIRE-GUIDED MISSILE
Unspecified – On 15 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a statement that put bounties on several Libyan Army leaders. According to the statement, Ansar al-Sharia is willing to pay between 25,000 and 100,000LYD for the murder of Wanis Bukhamada, Mohammed Hijazi, Faraj Barasi, Saqir Jeroushi, and Khalifa Haftar.cvii
PHOTO 107 - AAS TARGETS MILITARY LEADERS 69
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Benghazi – On 13 April 2015, the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries (SCBR) released a video interview with Mohammed Drissi. In the video, Drissi denies rumors of his death. In 2014, Drissi was released from a Jordanian prison in exchange for then-kidnapped Ambasassador Fawaz Al-Etan.cviii
PHOTO 108 - MOHAMMED DRISSI PROMOTES SHURA COUNCIL
Tripoli – On 13 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed responsibility for the VBIED attack on the Morrocan embassy and the drive-by shooting at the South Korean embassy.cix
PHOTO 109 - IS CLAIMS ATTACK ON SOUTH KOREA 'S E MBASSY
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 5 April 2015 Sirte – On 9 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of its military activities in and around Sirte.cx
PHOTO 110 - IS MILITANTS CONVENE IN SIRTE
Unspecified – On 8 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing the destruction of CDs that contained haram material.cxi The photos were most likely taken in Derna.
PHOTO 111 - IS BURNS CDS AND OTHER HARAM ITEMS
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Unspecified – On 8 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video in which a member threatens Tunisia. In the video, the IS militant stated that once their work is done in Libya, the Islamic State would then move to Tunisia and free their brothers and sisters from jail.cxii The end of the video shows heretofore unreleased footage of the VBIED attack on the Iranian embassy.
PHOTO 112 - IS MILITANT THREATENS TUNISIA
Derna - On 8 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showing a youth recruitment rally in Derna.cxiii
PHOTO 113 - IS MILITANT RECRUITS CHILD IN DERNA
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Derna – On 7 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia released photos showing a convoy of fuel trucks allegedly delivering fuel to citizens in Derna. The group claims that they were able to bypass the blockade put into place by the Libyan Army.cxiv
PHOTO 114 - ANSAR AL -SHARIA SUPPLIES FUEL TO DERNA
Benghazi - On 6 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi posted photos of its troops engaged in battle against the Libyan National Army. The photos highlight Ansar al-Sharia's use of snipers, heavy artillery, and mobile anti-aircraft.cxv
PHOTO 115 - AAS MILITANT TARGETS LIBYAN ARMY
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Benghazi – On 6 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica posted photos showing their most recent military operations near Airport Road in Benghazi.cxvi
PHOTO 116 - IS MILITARY ACTIVITY IN BENGHAZI
Tripoli – On 5 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a video showing a VBIED attack carried out in Benghazi. The attack was carried out by an Egyptian man named Abu Musaab Al-Muhajir.cxvii
PHOTO 117 - EGYPTIAN CARRIES OUT VBIED A TTACK IN BENGHAZI
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Misrata – On 5 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed reasonability for the VBIED attack on the Sdada Checkpoint in Misrata.cxviii According to reports from social media, a Sudanese man named Abu Dujana Al-Sudani carried out the attack with a truck laden with four tons of explosives.cxix
PHOTO 118 - SUDANESE IS MILITANT IN LIBYA
Sirte – On 5 April 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of a vegetable market in Sirte.cxx
PHOTO 119 - IS VEGETABLE MARKET IN SIRTE
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Week of 29 March 2015 Benghazi – On 4 April 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released photos of a raid on a Christian church. The set of photos show the collection and destruction of instruments and books.cxxi In February 2015, the Islamic State in Derna carried out similar activities.
PHOTO 120 - ANSAR AL -SHARIA DESTROYS CHURCH 'S INSTRUMENTS
Derna – On 3 April 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a statement calling Derna’s Abu Salim Martyrs’ Brigade an infidel and apostate.cxxii The Abu Salim Martyrs’ Brigade – led by former Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) member Salem Derby – also seeks to implement Sharia in Derna.
Unspecified – On 30 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos showing their most recent hisba activities somewhere in western Libya. The set of photos shows IS militants collecting and burning items they believe to be associated with magic. The photos are most likely from Sirte or Sabratha.cxxiii
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PHOTO 121 - IS DESTROYS MUNKARAT (PROHIBITED ITEMS)
Unspecified – On 29 March 2015, the Islamic State in Libya eulogized Ansar al-Sharia’s Mohammed “Buka” Oraibi. The eulogy also chastised the “Libya Dawn Government” for holding a funeral for Oraibi. According to the Islamic State, Oraibi did not die fighting for democracy, but rather for the implementation of Sharia.cxxiv
PHOTO 122 - IS EULOGIZES MOHAMMED ORAIBI
Derna – On 29 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out an IED attack on Derna’s Higher Careers Institute, killing three people. The attack is said to have been carried out because the institute was not abiding by the strict gender segregation policies implemented by the Islamic State.cxxv
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Week of 22 March 2015 Benghazi – On 25 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a photo showing the dismembered remains of Bashir Mustafa Agha, a retired member of the military.cxxvi The photo was most likely taken in the Laithi district of Benghazi – an Ansar al-Sharia and IS stronghold.
PHOTO 123 - IS DISMEMBERS EX-MILITARY MEMBER
Unspecified – On 25 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing their most recent hisba activities somewhere in eastern Libya. The set of photos shows IS militants collecting and burning items they believe to be associated with magic. The photos are most likely from Derna.cxxvii
PHOTO 124 - IS COLLECTS AND BURNS PROHIBITED ITEMS 78
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Sirte – On 25 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a VBIED attack on an Operation Sunrise checkpoint near the steam power station in Sirte. The attack left five dead.cxxviii
Benghazi – On 24 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica claimed responsibility for one of the two VBIED attacks carried out in Benghazi. According to the Associated Press, 12 people were killed in the attack.cxxix Photos from social media show that the Islamic State used a drone equipped with a camera to capture the aftermath of their attack – a first for the group.cxxx The attack was carried out by a Tunisian man named Abu Yaqeen al-Tunisi.
Reports from social media and the Libya Herald claim that the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries (SCBR) carried out a separate attack in the Masakel neighborhood. Twitter accounts tied to both the SCBR and the Islamic State claim that the attacks were carried out as revenge for the death of SCBR commander Mohammed Oraibi.
PHOTO 125 - IS EMPLOYS DRONE FOR PROPAGANDA
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Misrata – On 22 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a remote VBIED attack in the Zarouk area of Misrata. According to reports from social media, the Islamic State targeted the barracks of a Misratan militia.cxxxi
PHOTO 126 - IS VBIED ATTACK IN MISRATA
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Week of 15 March 2015 Benghazi – On 19 March 2015, Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi released a set of photos showing a graduating class from one of its training camps. According to the Long War Journal, the photographs are captioned thus: “This is the latest class of the protectors of the Shariah and the opposers of injustice graduating from the mujahideen training camps to join their brothers in the battlefronts in order to complete the journey of jihad.”cxxxii
PHOTO 127 - ANSAR AL -SHARIA GRADUATES
Unspecified - On 18 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released video and text that threatened Misratan politicians, Misratan militias, and the current UNSMIL dialogues taking place in Morocco.cxxxiii According to Al Wasat, an Islamic State leader by the name of Abu Mohammed Ferjani threatened to turn Misrata into a city like Mosul or Fallujah.cxxxiv
PHOTO 128 - THE ISLAMIC STATE THREATENS UNSMIL
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An Nawfaliyah – On 18 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a surprise attack on members of Battalion 166. According to reports from social media, the Islamic State first distracted sleeping soldiers, then murdered them with suppressed weapons.cxxxv The Associated Press reports that 10 members of the 166 Brigade were killed.cxxxvi
Sirte – On 17 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released 20 foreign medical workers they had kidnapped one day prior in Sirte. According to Reuters, IS militants told the medical staff that they would remain safe as long as they treated any wounded fighters.cxxxvii
Derna – On 16 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing their most recent hisba activities in Derna.cxxxviii IS militants were photographed collecting and destroying water pipes.
PHOTO 129 - IS MILITANTS DESTROY WATER PIPES IN DERNA
Sirte – On 16 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video showing the destruction of Sufi tombs in Sirte.cxxxix According to reports from social media, the man who appears in the first half of the video is named Hussein Al-Karamy.cxl Prior to his appearances in Sirte, Al-Karamy was photographed in Derna.cxli
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PHOTO 130 - IS MILITANTS DESTROY SUFI TOMBS
Sirte – On 16 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released images armed vehicles that were destroyed in the armed clashes against Battalion 166 in and around Sirte.cxlii
PHOTO 131 - BATTALION 166 VEHICLE DESTROYED BY THE IS
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Sirte – On 15 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos showing its troops patrolling the streets of Sirte.cxliii
PHOTO 132 - IS CHECKPOINT IN SIRTE
Sirte/Harawa – On 15 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania eulogized the recently deceased Ahmed Al-Rwaisy.cxliv Known also as Abu Zakaria al-Tunisi, Al-Rwaisy was killed during clashes between the Islamic State and Battalion 166. According to the New York Times, Al-Rwaisy was the mastermind behind the assassination of Tunisian politicians Chokri Belaid and Mohamed Brahmi.cxlv Prior to joining the Islamic State, Al-Rwaisy helped lead Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia.
PHOTO 133 - ABU ZAKARIA AL-TUNISI EULOGIZED BY IS 84
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Misrata – On 15 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out VBIED attacks on the barracks of Battalion 166 and an unknown target in the Qasr Ahmed neighborhood of Misrata.cxlvi According to reports from social media, the VBIED attack on Battalion 166’s barracks was carried out remotely.cxlvii
Tripoli – On 15 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a VBIED attack on a security headquarters in the Janzour district of Tripoli. According to Reuters, five policemen were injured and another was killed.cxlviii
PHOTO 134 - IS VBIED IN TRIPOLI CRITICALLY INJURES POLICEMEN
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Week of 8 March 2015 Ras Al-Hilal – On 14 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica posted photos of militants operating in the vicinity of Ras Al-Hilal, Libya.cxlix In the past, extremist militias like Ansar al-Sharia used Ras Al-Hilal as a staging ground for their GRAD missile attacks against Labraq International Airport.
PHOTO 135 - IS MILITANTS OPERATING IN RAS AL-HILAL
Sirte/Harawa – On 14 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania engaged in armed clashes with pro-GNC Battalion 166 – a contributor to Operation Sunrise. Battles took place outside of Sirte in the western area known as Daheera and the eastern city of Harawa. According to Reuters, 17 Islamic State fighters were killed, while others were taken back to Misrata for questioning.cl
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Derna – On 12 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos titled, "Missionary Tour in Derna." The photos show citizens of Derna carrying out every-day activities under the protection of the Islamic State.cli
PHOTO 136 - IS ACTIVITIES IN D ERNA
Unspecified – On 12 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video in which a man speaking Tebu calls for more Toubou tribesmen to join.clii This was the first time the Islamic State in Libya released a video in the Tebu language.
PHOTO 137 - IS MILITANT CALLS FOR MORE TOUBOU TO JOIN
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Tripoli – On 12 March 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania carried out a VBIED attack on the Dahmani Police Station in the Zawiyat Dahmani neighborhood.cliii
PHOTO 138 - IS CARRIES OUT VBIED ATTACK IN TRIPOLI
Benghazi – On 11 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos promoting their military activities throughout Benghazi. IS militants are photographed using 81mm mortars, 120mm mortars, and a 155mm howitzer. cliv
PHOTO 139 - IS MILITANTS U SE 155MM HOWITZERS
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Week of 1 March 2015 Ghani Oilfield – On 6 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out an attack on the Ghani Oilfield in central Libya, killing 11 guards and kidnapping at least 10 foreigners. Reports suggest that seven guards were beheadedclv, while another three foreign workers remain unaccounted for.clvi
Derna – On 5 March 2015, The Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a video a member of the Shahhat Security Directorate and a Colonel in the Al Jaweifi Brigade were executed at pointblank.clvii While the video does feature the Islamic State’s black standard and a “nasheed”, it does not contain extensive post-production work like many other IS videos.
PHOTO 140 - IS EXECUTES TWO LIBYAN A RMY MEMBERS
Benghazi – On 5 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a video showing their recent activity in Benghazi. The video begins with an Egyptian man calling for youth around the world to join the jihad in Libya. The video ends with Islamic State militants carrying out drive-by shootings on civilians whom they call “sahawat”, or supporters of the Libyan Army.clviii
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PHOTO 141 - IS CARRIES OUT DRIVE-BY SHOOTING IN BENGHAZI
Derna – On 3 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showing residents of Derna pledging allegiance to the Islamic State. The outdoor event appears to have gathered hundreds of attendants.clix
PHOTO 142 - IS EVENT IN DERNA GATHERS HUNDREDS OF ATTENDANTS
Mabruk Oilfield – On 2 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out coordinated attacks on the Mabruk, Bahi, and Dahra oilfields in central Libya.clx Islamic State militants shelled the oilfields, engaged in armed clashes, and subsequently captured at least two of the three oilfields.clxi 90
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The Islamic State also carried out an attack on the Mabruk Oilfield on in early February 2015, which left at least 12 dead.
Benghazi – On 2 March 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a video showing a VBIED attack carried out in Benghazi.clxii The attack was carried out by a foreign fighter – most likely a man from Tunisia.
PHOTO 143 - TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTER CARRIES OUT SUICIDE BOMBING IN BENGHAZI
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Week of 22 February 2015 Benghazi – On 28 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a video calling for foreign fighters to come to Libya.clxiii The video was recorded in the Leithi neighborhood of Benghazi – an Ansar al-Sharia stronghold. The promotional video concludes with a drive-by assassination. According to reports from social media, the man assassinated is Saiqa Special Forces member Ibrahim Mitri.clxiv
PHOTO 144 - IS MILITANTS CALL FOR FOREIGN F IGHTERS IN BENGHAZI
Unspecified – On 27 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video named, “A Message to the Brothers in Tawheed.” In the video, a non-Libyan man calls for foreign fighters to come to Libya and fight against General Khalifa Haftar.clxv
PHOTO 145 - IS MILITANT CALLS FOR FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN TRIPOLITANIA 92
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Unspecified – On 24 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a promotional video of the two foreigners involved in the attack on the Corinthia Hotel in Tripoli.clxvi According to SITE Intel Group, the video is titled, “Convoys of the MartyrdomSeekers” and is the first of more to come.clxvii
PHOTO 146 - IS FOREIGN FIGHTER DELIVERS SPEECH PRIOR TO CORINTHIA ATTACK
Benghazi – On 23 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos displaying their recent military action throughout Benghazi.clxviii
PHOTO 147 - A M EMBER OF THE ISLAMIC STATE ENGAGES IN BATTLE 93
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Tripoli – On 22 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed responsibility for the double-IED attack on the Iranian Embassy in the Ben Ashour neighborhood of Tripoli.clxix
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Week of 15 February 2015 Unspecified – On 21 February 2015, the Islamic State in Libya released a video message that threatened politicians and businessmen from Misrata.
PHOTO 148 - IS THREATENS MISRATAN POLITICIANS
Al-Qubbah – On 20 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out at least two simultaneous VBIED attacks in the eastern city of Al-Qubbah. In their official statement, the Islamc State called the VBIED attacks revenge for the recent Egyptian airstrikes carried out in the eastern city of Derna.clxx The attacks targeted the local Security Directorate building, the house of Speaker of the House Agila Saleh Issa, and a nearby fuel station. At least 45 people were killed as a result. According to The National, the attacks were carried out Bitar Al Libi and Abu Abdullah Al Jazrawi.clxxi
PHOTO 149 - BITAR AL LIBI AND ABU ABDULLAH AL JAZRAWI
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Unspecified – On 19 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showing the distribution of medical aid somewhere in eastern Libya.clxxii
Derna – On 18 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica carried out hisba (accountability) activities by burning instruments in Derna.clxxiii
PHOTO 150 - IS CARRYING OUT BURNING INSTRUMENTS IN DERNA
Sirte – On 18 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a set of photos showing off a parade they held in the city of Sirte.clxxiv A video later appeared on YouTube in which at least 25 IS trucks can be seen.clxxv
Unspecified – On 17 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of their recent activities in eastern Libya. This most recent release shows boxes of cigarettes being destroyed by men wearing black masks and driving what appear to be newly acquired police vehicles.clxxvi
Sirte – On 15 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a video confirming the beheadings of 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians.clxxvii The video was released by the Islamic State’s Al-Hayat media division.clxxviii According to the Washington Post:
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“In the video, Islamic State fighters marched the Egyptians onto a stretch of coastline before forcing them to kneel and severing their heads. The brutal murders were portrayed as retaliation against what a masked fighter described as “the hostile Egyptian church.”clxxix Later reporting indicates that a large portion of ISIS members in Sirte are from Misrata.clxxx
PHOTO 151 - IS IN TRIPOLITANIA BEHEADS EGYPTIANS
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Week of 8 February 2015 Sarir Oilfield – On 14 February 2015, El Sarir oilfield in southern Libya was attacked by unnamed perpetrators. The Sarir oilfield provides crude oil to the Hariga port in Tobruk, Libya.clxxxi Although unconfirmed, a Twitter account linked to IS in Libya posted pictures of a vehicle approaching an oilfield in Libya.clxxxii
Benghazi – On 13 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos that appear to confirm their involvement in the VBIED attack on 6 February 2015.clxxxiii
PHOTO 152 - COLLAGE GLORIFYING AN IS SUICIDE BOMBER IN BENGHAZI
Derna – On 13 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of their most recent floggings carried out in Derna. In this instance, at least seven youths were publically flogged for consuming alcohol.clxxxiv
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PHOTO 153 - YOUTH P UBLICALLY FLOGGED IN DERNA
Sirte – On 13 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a set of photos in which they claim to have received the repentance of 42 employees of the Ministry of Interior in Sirte.clxxxv
PHOTO 154 - IS FORCES MAN TO OFFICIALLY REPENT
Sirte – On 13 February 2015, in addition to capturing a number of radio stations, the Islamic State in Tripolitania seized the Ibn Sina Hospital in Sirte. According to the Libya Herald, “A military convoy carrying IS flags reportedly surrounded the hospital this morning 99
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and ordered Misrata-based Central Libya Shield which has been providing security there to leave.”clxxxvi
Sirte – On 13 February 2015, gunmen claiming to be members of the Islamic State jihadist group have seized control of a state-run radio station in Libya's coastal city of Sirte, residents said on Friday.clxxxvii Jihadist websites also posted pictures showing armed men sitting in front of microphones in a broadcasting studio and brandishing Kalashnikov assault rifles.clxxxviii
PHOTO 155 - IS TAKES OVER RADIO STATION IN SIRTE
Unspecified – On 12 February 2015, ISIS released the newest edition of its Dabiq magazine. The following is a passage taken from the magazine in which the recently kidnapped Egyptians in Libya are referenced: “This month, the soldiers of the Khilāfah in Wilāyat Tarābulus captured 21 Coptic crusaders, almost five years after the blessed operation against the Baghdad church executed in revenge for Kamilia Shehata, Wafa Constantine, and other sisters who were tortured and murdered by the Coptic Church of Egypt. The operation was planned by Hudhayfah al-Battāwī (rahimahullāh), wālī of Wilāyat Baghdad at the time, alongside the senior military commander, Abū Ibrāhīm azZaydī (rahimahullāh), both of whom played a crucial role – through their passion and zealousness – in preserving the morale of the Islamic State mujāhidīn after the martyrdom of Abū ‘Umar al-Baghdādī and Abū Hamzah alMuhājir (rahimahumallāh).”clxxxix
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Benghazi – On 11 February 2015, the hospital of Benghazi received, “40 human heads with no bodies” after a training camp in the Buatni Neighborhood was recaptured by the Libyan National Army. The training camp was previously occupied by the Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries.cxc
Unspecified – On 10 February 2015, the Islamic State released a statement calling for Operation Libya Dawn fighters to repent to God.cxci
An Nawfaliyah – On 9 February 2015, the Islamic State was photographed arriving in An Nawfaliyah, a city located southwest of Bin Jawad.cxcii Initials reports suggest that there were clashes between Libya Dawn forces and ISIS forces.cxciii
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Week of 1 February 2015 Benghazi – On 7 February 2015, a Palestinian man was reported to have died fighting for the Islamic State in Libya.cxciv According to SkyNews Arabia, the man entered Libya via a tunnel somewhere along the Egyptian border.cxcv
Benghazi – On 6 February 2015, two people were killed and 20 were injured after a car bomb exploded in the Al Leithi Neighborhood of Benghazi.cxcvi cxcvii
Mabruk Oilfield – On 4 February 2015, reports emerged stating that “extremists” attacked the Mabruk Oilfield, approximately 170km south of Sirte.cxcviii The Mabruk Oilfield is operated by Total Oil and produces roughly 70,000 bbl/d.cxcix
Initial reports suggested that three foreigners were kidnapped, one of whom was French. France denied that any French citizens were kidnapped, while the Philippines confirmed that three of their oversea foreign workers went missing.cc Twelve people will killed overall.
Ain Marah - On 4 February 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos showings its recent troop activity in Ain Marah. The photos were released just days after clashes occurred between Islamic State forces and Libyan National Army Forces.cci
Unspecified - On 4 February 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released a set of photos showing their recent promotional activities somewhere in their self-declared state. Many of the photos in this release show attendants enjoying themselves at IS-led events.ccii
Unspecified - On 4 February 2015, a Twitter account associated with the Islamic State in Libya tweeted: [W]e the #Mujahideen of #IslamicState in #Libya ask #Muslims in #Tunisia,
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#Algeria #Morroco what are u waiting for Join #Ummah #Muhammad!cciii
Tripoli – On 3 February 2015, the Information Office of the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos claiming an attack on a checkpoint in Tripoli’s Souq al-Jumaa.cciv According to the Libya Herald, the bomb detonated near a building used by the Tripoli Revolutionaries’ Brigade.ccv Although unconfirmed, the Herald and Al Wasat suggest that the attack was revenge for the Brigade’s involvement during the attack on the Corinthia Hotel.ccvi
PHOTO 156 - PHOTOS OF AN IS VBIED ATTACK ON THE TRIPOLI SECURITY DIRECTORATE
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Week of 25 January 2015 Sirte – On 31 January 2015, reports from social media suggested that the Islamic State in Tripolitania turned Qadhafi's Ouagadougou Conference Center in Sirte into a “command center.”ccvii Benghazi - On 29 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of updated photos of its recent troop activity throughout Benghazi.ccviii Benghazi - On 28 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of updated photos of its recent activity throughout Benghazi. This set of photos does not show any fighters, but instead displays the effects of the fighting in the city. Many of the photographed buildings are riddled with bullet holes and are overall dilapidated.ccix Sirte - On 28 January 2015, the Information Office of the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos showing new members in Sirte swearing allegiance to the Islamic State. According to the Islamic State, the men shown in the photographs are recent Christian converts.ccx
PHOTO 157 - CONVERTS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE Tripoli – On 27 January at approximately 0953 (UDT +2) a VBIED detonated outside of Tripoli’s Corinthia Hotel. No casualties were reported as a result of the explosion. Immediately following the blast five gunmen entered the hotel and engaged in a shootout with local security, leaving at least three guards dead. Witnesses claim that three other hotel 104
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staff members were injured. The Associated Press reported that the gunmen had taken three to five hostages on the hotel’s twentieth floor.ccxi According to the BBC’s Rana Jawad, security officials of the Corinthia Hotel have been aware of possible threats for several days.ccxii A tweet posted by an account linked to the Islamic State in Tripolitania claims that the attack was revenge for the death of Abu Anas al-Libi.ccxiii The user claims that the attack was directed at the Corinthia Hotel because of its popularity among foreigners. However, hotel staff have stated that the hotel was “approximately 90% empty.” A security guard told the Associated Press that Omar al-Hassi usually stays at the hotel with security guards, but that they were not present at the time of the bombing and subsequent attack. Twitter users began posting images that allegedly show some of the gunmen who participated in the attack on the hotel.ccxiv The attack on the Corinthia Hotel left at least nine dead. Benghazi - On 26 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released a set of photos of its recent troop activity in the Buhidima Neighborhood of Benghazi. IS troops can be seen climbing houses, viewing videos, and firing upon their opponents.ccxv
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Week of 18 January 2015 Benghazi - On 20 January 2015, IS in Cyrenaica released photos of the distribution of aid in what they allege to be Benghazi.ccxvi
PHOTO 158 - IS PASSES OUT SWEETS TO CHILDREN Unspecified - On 20 January 2015, the Islamic State in Libya released an open letter to Sheikh Abdullah and Sheikh Mamoon.ccxvii Unspecified - On 20 January 2015, IS in Cyrenaica released a statement showing their most recent Hisba activities in eastern Libya.ccxviii Benghazi – On 18 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing their most recent military activity in Benghazi.ccxix Unspecified - On 18 January 2015, The Islamic State in Libya released a statement dividing Libya into three distinct regions. The statement also calls for foreign members of the Islamic State to travel to Libya.ccxx
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PHOTO 159 - IS DIVISION OF LIBYA – TARABULUS , FEZZAN , AND BARQA
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Week of 11 January 2015 Tripoli – On 17 January a VBIED exploded Saturday in front of the Embassy of Algeria in Tripoli, injuring two security personnel. According to a Libyan security source, the two injured workers, whose condition is not alarming, were quickly transported to the hospital of the capital.ccxxi Sabratha - On 17 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing members distributing clothing and financial aid.ccxxii Sirte - On 12 January 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of 21 Christians.ccxxiii According to The Telegraph: “On January 3rd, Christian activists in Egypt had reported thirteen of their countrymen kidnapped in the Libyan town of Sirte, and that seven others had been kidnapped a week earlier.”ccxxiv
PHOTO 160 - PHOTOS OF THE KIDNAPPED EGYPTIANS Sabratha - On 11 January 2015, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos allegedly showing their Hisba activities somewhere in western Libya. The photos were most likely taken in Sabratha.ccxxv
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Week of 4 January 2015 Unspecified - On 8 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos allegedly showing the execution of two Tunisian journalists.ccxxvi
PHOTO 161 - TUNISIANS ALLEGEDLY EXECUTED BY IS IN LIBYA Benghazi – On 7 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos of recent troop activity throughout Benghazi.ccxxvii Unspecified – On 4 January 2015, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica released photos showing the execution of a man they labeled as an apostate.ccxxviii
PHOTO 162 - "APOSTATE " EXECUTED BY THE IS
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Week of 28 December 2014 Benghazi – On 3 January 2014, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica posted photos of their recent destruction to civilian homes throughout Benghazi. This set of photos contains a photograph showing a civilian who died as a result of the bulldozing.ccxxix Sokhna – On 3 January 2014, the Islamic State in Fezzan claimed responsibilityccxxx for an attack on a Sokhna checkpoint in southern Libya.ccxxxi According to the Libya Herald, nineteen people were killed in the attack.ccxxxii
PHOTO 163 - IS IN FEZZAN ATTACKS SOKHNA Tobruk – On 30 December at approximately 1315 (UDT +2) an explosion occurred outside the headquarters of the House of Representatives.ccxxxiii At the time the House of Representatives met in the Dar Al Salam hotel. According to the spokesman for the General Chief of Staff, Ahmed Al-Mismari, the vehicle exploded in the hotel car park and was not a suicide attack as initially suggested.ccxxxiv The most current reports state that a total of 19 people were injured as a result of the explosion.ccxxxv
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Week of 21 December 2014 Tripoli – According to multiple sources, a VBIED detonated outside of the Diplomatic Security Headquarters in Tripoli on the morning of 27 December. ccxxxviThe Diplomatic Security Headquarters is located in the Sidi al-Masry district of Tripoli.ccxxxvii The jihadist Islamic State (IS) organisation said it carried out the bombing, according to the US-based monitoring group SITE Intelligence. "The provincial division of the Islamic State (IS) for Tripoli, Libya, claimed a car bombing at the diplomatic security building in the capital, and provided a photo of the blast," SITE said.ccxxxviii Ajdabiya – On 26 December 2014, a perfume company was damaged by a VBIED early Friday morning in Ajdabiya. There were no reported casualties.ccxxxix
Benghazi – On 25 December 2015, an Al Wasat article reported that IS in Cyrenaica published a video in which an "apostate" is burned alive. The video supposedly takes place in the Al Leithi Neighborhood of Benghazi. The group claiming responsibility is led by Mohammed Nus Idrissi. Idrissi was recently released by Jordanian authorities in exchange for captured Jordanian diplomats.ccxl
PHOTO 164 - A LIBYAN ARMY MEMBER B URNED BY ISIS
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Week of 14 December 2014 Tripoli - At approximately 1200 (UDT +2) on 16 December 2014 social media users began circulating a photo alleging to show a car bomb that exploded near the Security Directorate Headquarters in Tripoli. According to accounts from social media no casualties were reported.ccxli On 17 December 2014, the original source claimed that ISIS claimed responsibility for the car bomb via a Twitter page.ccxlii Ajdabiya - On 15 December 2014, a military police building near the eastern gate entrance to Ajdabiya was targeted and subsequently damaged by an explosive device. Witnesses said that an explosive device was placed under one of the building’s windows and caused damage to the building while injuring no one.ccxliii
Week of 7 December 2014 Benghazi – On 8 December 2014, the Islamic State in Cyrenaica posed photos allegedly showing their military progress throughout Benghazi.ccxliv
PHOTO 165 - IS MILITANTS POSE WITH MINES
Week of 30 November 2014 Ajdabiya - At approximately 1125 (UDT +2) on 1 December 2014, a car bomb exploded outside the Ajdabiya Security Directorate.ccxlv The security directorate is located near the Ajdabiya city center on al-Modoryia Road.ccxlvi Initial reports suggest that three to seven people were wounded.ccxlvii Eyewitnesses reported that the vehicle that exploded was a white Hyundai.ccxlviii
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Week of 23 November 2014 Unspecified - The Islamic State (IS) released the fifth issue of its English magazine “Dabiq,” focusing on the coordinated pledges from jihadi groups in Algeria, Libya, Sinai, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, and featuring a message attributed to British captive John Cantile discussing the recent attacks in Australia, Canada, and the U.S., as well as musing what he would do as American President. In the newest edition, ISIS claims Libya has its strongest presence outside of Iraq and Syria. It continues to state that “an abundance of arms and the condition of mayhem after Gaddafi was ideal for jihad.”ccxlix Derna – On 23 November 2014, The Islamic Army, a militia in Derna, released photos of its recent publicity campaign in Derna. Photos show groups of children meeting with Islamic Army members. In addition, Islamic Army members passed out pamphlets to young men in Derna’s vegetable market. The photos are similar to those released by ISIS members conducting “charity” campaigns in Iraq and Syria. The Islamic Army is one of the strongest militias present in Derna. Last week they were among many foreign groups from across the Middle East to pledge allegiance to ISIS and Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The ISIS magazine Dabiq claims its strongest foreign following is in Derna.ccl
Week of 16 November 2014 Yemen – On 22 November 2014, a statement was released by spokesmen for Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula has acknowledged Libyan extremists in Derna pledge to ISIS and its leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi. The statement also called for all Libyan “Mujahideen” such as Ansar al-Sharia in Benghazi to pledge their support for ISIS and Abu Bakr al Baghdadi.ccli Benghazi – On 16 November 2014, the Islamic State in Libya has released photos of nine suicide bombers who died in Benghazi. According to the photos, five were Tunisian, two were Egyptian, and two were Libyans.cclii The Islamic State in Cyrenaica also released a statement taking credit for the series of VBIED attacks on 12 November 2014ccliii, men pledging allegiance to the ISccliv, and photos of a convoy in Derna.cclv 113
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PHOTO 166 - IS CONVOY NEAR D ERNA Tripoli - A group in Tripoli claimed responsibility for the bombings of the UAE and Egyptian embassies.cclvi The group also posted photos declaring their allegiance to the Islamic State.cclvii cclviii
Week of 9 November 2014 Tripoli - At approximately 06:45 (UDT +2) on 13 November 2014, two car bombs exploded near the Egyptian and UAE embassies in the Al-Seyaheyya and Zawiyat Al-Dahmani neighborhoods of Tripoli.cclix No casualties have been reported, though photoscclx show significant damage to vehicles and buildings near the embassies. Both embassies have been vacant since the inception of Operation Libya Dawn.cclxi Marj - On 13 November 2014, two Libyan National Army (LNA) soldiers and one other were slightly injured as a result of a bomb attack on a checkpoint in Marj.cclxii Mohamed Hejazi, a spokesman for Operation Dignity, told the Libya Herald that a gelatina bomb had been thrown at the checkpoint at the Saha Al-Karima roundabout, close to the town’s main Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq mosque.cclxiii The car from which the bomb was thrown then drove away at speed.cclxiv Ajdabiya – On 12 November 2014, a car bomb was discovered in Ajdabiya and subsequently dismantled by the Libyan National Army.cclxv
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Al Bayda - At approximately 11:57 (UDT +2) on 12 November 2014, a vehicle carrying explosives detonated at the military checkpoint outside Labraq International Airport.cclxvi Eyewitnesses report that after stopping to be searched by security officials, the driver of the vehicle detonated explosives. Current reports state that four members of the military have been confirmed killed.cclxvii Benghazi - At approximately 12:07 (UDT +2) on 12 November 2014, Twitter users reported the detonation of a car bomb outside of the Al Shalal cafe, located in the Al Majuri neighborhood in central Benghazi. Eye witnesses report that a vehicle loaded with explosives was parked on the street outside the café. Reports indicate that there were no casualties as a result of the bombing, however the café and surrounding shops were
PHOTO 167 - VBIED IN BENGHAZI
destroyed. No indication if the café was the intended target, neighborhoods in central Benghazi have been mostly abandoned due to continued fighting.cclxviii At approximately 17:01 (UDT +2) another car bomb was discovered in the Ras Obeida neighborhood of Benghazi.cclxix Tobruk - At approximately 11:00 (UDT +2) on 12 November 2014, a large car bomb exploded at a crowded intersection, near the Intelligence Headquarters, in Tobruk. Eye witnesses report the driver of the vehicle refused to stop at a military checkpoint, continuing on to a crowded intersection.cclxx At approximately, 11:40 (UDT +2) vehicles damaged by the initial blast exploded at the site of the car bombing. Initial reports suggested a second vehicle was involved in the attack, however later reports proved that there was not a second vehicle involved.cclxxi Final reports confirm two people have been killed and at least an additional 20 had been taken for medical treatment.cclxxii Derna – On 11 November 2014, three young activists were found beheaded in Derna, eastern Libya. The three, who had relayed information about the city through social media,
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had been kidnapped earlier in the month. The activists have been named as Siraj Ghatish, Mohamed Battu and Mohamed al-Mesmari.cclxxiii Two of the three activists in Derna had been kidnapped three months earlier.cclxxiv Benghazi – On 11 November 2014, a Libyan Army soldier stationed at Benina Airport was captured, forced to appear on videocclxxv, and then beheaded.cclxxvi According to Al Wasat, the group responsible calls itself the “Father of Injustice Battalion”.cclxxvii
PHOTO 168 - SOLDIER BEHEADED IN BENGHAZI Shahat – On 9 November 2014, unidentified persons set off three car bombs in the city of Shahat in eastern Libya near the building where the Libyan Prime Minister Abdullah alThinni held talks with special UN envoy to Libya Bernardino Leon. cclxxviii Eye witnesses claimed the perpetrators parked vehicle packed with explosives and detonated them remotely. Though there was significant material damage, no deaths or injuries were reported. The intended target was the Security Directorate Building.cclxxix Days later two suspects from Derna were arrested in connection to the car bombings.cclxxx
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Week of 2 November 2014 Sirte – On 4 November 2014, the Islamic State in Tripolitania released photos of lectures given by Turki al-Bin’ali.cclxxxi The original release also contains links to Turki al-Bin’ali’s lectures on YouTube.cclxxxii
PHOTO 169 - TURKI AL -BIN'ALI DELIVERS LECTURE
Week of 19 October 2014 Derna – After pledging allegiance to ISIS, Darnah's Islamic Youth Shura Council (MSSI)cclxxxiii launched an 'Islamic Court'.cclxxxiv The group announced that its leader is a Yemeni named Abu Taleb al-Jazrawey.cclxxxv According to Al Wasat, Al-Jazrawey moved to Derna in mid-September with a number of senior ISIS members.cclxxxvi
PHOTO 170 - MSSI LAUNCHES ISLAMIC COURT IN DERNA 117
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Week of 5 October 2014 Benghazi – On 10 October 2014, a car bomb exploded near the Tibesti Hotel, killing one and injuring two others.cclxxxvii
Week of 7 September 2014 Benghazi – On 12 September 2014, Tareq Ramadan Misrati was killed by an IED in the Al Majori Neighborhood of Benghazi. Tareq Misrati was the brother of former intelligence officer Colonel Juma Misrati who was assassinated in June 2013.cclxxxviii
Week of 17 August 2014 Derna – Released on 20 August 2014, a video shows an execution-style killing by an armed group at a football stadium in eastern Libya. cclxxxixAn amateur video published on social media sites shows the purported execution of an Egyptian man apparently organized by an armed group called the Shura Council of Islamic Youth in the eastern city of Derna.ccxc
PHOTO 171 - PUBLIC E XECUTION IN DERNA
Week of 20 July 2014 Benghazi – On 21 July 2014, a militia in Benghazi beheaded a Filipino construction worker, allegedly for being a non-Muslim. The beheading marks the first Filipino death in Libya since the 2011 revolution, according to the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs. It is also the first reported beheading in the country since 2011. The construction worker was kidnapped July 15 at a checkpoint in the Gwarsha district of Benghazi.
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A department spokesperson told media that the kidnappers demanded a ransom of $160,000. ccxci
Week of 15 June 2014 Benghazi – On 19 June 2014, a bodyguard for former National Transitional chairman Mustafa Abdul-Jalil was killed by an IED.ccxcii
Week of 16 March 2014 Benghazi – On 17 March 2014, a car bomb targeting a military academy in Benghazi killed eight soldiers and wounded another 12.ccxciii
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Main Hubs of ISIS Activity
MAP 4 - LOCATIONS OF MAJOR IS ACTIVITIES FROM WEST TO E AST : SABRATHA , TRIPOLI , SUKNAH , SIRTE, AN NAWFALIYAH , BENGHAZI , DERNA .
YouTube,. 2015. ' تقبله هللا- »والية_طرابلس «غزوة أبي إبراهيم المصراتيHD'. Accessed June 11 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0a7xyVGYLi8. ii Reuters UK,. 2015. 'UPDATE 1-Islamic State Clashes With Rivals In Eastern Libya, 20 Dead'. Accessed June 11 2015. http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/06/10/libya-securityidUKL5N0YW3I120150610. iii Dump.to,. 2015. ' �والية طرابلس سيطرة جند الخ... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed June 11 2015. https://dump.to/WESTSirte. iv Dump.to,. 2015. ' تــــقـــرير مـــصـــــور... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed June 9 2015. https://dump.to/ca8. v "IS Attacks Misrata’s Abu Grain Checkpoint; Three Guards Killed." Libya Herald. June 7, 2015. Accessed June 9, 2015. http://www.libyaherald.com/2015/06/07/is-attacks-misratas-abu-graincheckpoint-three-guards-killed/. vi Dump.to,. 2015. ' تــــقـــرير مـــصـــــور... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed June 7 2015. https://dump.to/c5A. vii Dump.to,. 2015. ' تــــقـــرير مـــصـــــور... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed June 7 2015. https://dump.to/c4S. viii 'جانب من سيطرة جند الخالفة على مدينة هراوة.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed June 7 2015. http://nasheer.me/harawa/. ix Varghese, Johnlee. 2015. 'Libya: Isis Kidnaps 86 Eritrean Christian Migrants, Sparks Beheading Fear'. International Business Times. Accessed June 7 2015. http://www.ibtimes.co.in/isis-libyakidnaps-86-eritrean-christian-migrants-sparks-beheading-fear-634838. i
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International Business Times UK,. 2015. 'Isis In Libya: Islamic State Militants Kill Two Eritrean Migrants'. Accessed June 7 2015. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-libya-islamic-state-militants-killtwo-eritrean-migrants-1504522. xi '«داعش» يقطع رأس متطوع في الجيش بمدينة درنة.2015 .,'بوابة الوسط. Accessed June 4 2015. http://www.alwasat.ly/ar/news/libya/77396/. xii Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed June 4 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/605768420873912320. xiii Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'سيره االسد الهصور االخ ابو عبدهللا المصري تقبله هللا على... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed June 2 2015. http://justpaste.it/lhu4. x
xiv
الح ْس َبة في مدينة النوفلية ِ '“جانب من نشاطات.2015 .,'”ناشر. Accessed June 2 2015. http://nasheer.me/hisba9/.
'اإلغارة على “بوابة لملودة” في محور “رأس الهالل” بمدينة درنة.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 31 2015. http://nasheer.me/lamloda/. xvi https://twitter.com/wesy_ya_awsy/status/604834774352601089 xvii Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed May 31 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/604871358288437248. xviii 'توزيع المطويات على عامة المسلمين.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 31 2015. http://nasheer.me/da3awi/. ّ xix 'رباط جنود الخالفة في منطقة الصابري (محور المركز) في مدينة بنفازي.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 31 2015. http://nasheer.me/rebat7/. xx Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'تــــقـــرير مـــصـــــور عمالا بقوله تعالى ( و أعدوا له... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 31 2015. http://justpaste.it/lgi1. xxi Twitter,. 2015. ' األنصاري الشاميOn Twitter'. Accessed May 31 2015. https://twitter.com/Rrrr1974/status/604893902793900032. xxii Twitter,. 2015. 'Michael Horowitz On Twitter'. Accessed May 31 2015. https://twitter.com/michaelh992/status/604272346904453120. xxiii "Double IED Explosion Kills Four near Derna." Libya Herald. May 30, 2015. Accessed May 31, 2015. http://www.libyaherald.com/2015/05/30/double-ied-explosion-kills-four-near-derna/. xxiv Twitter,. 2015. ' مراسلين من قلب الحدثOn Twitter'. Accessed May 31 2015. https://twitter.com/prees_libya/status/604126197514117120. xxv Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' صولة المجاهدين على تمركزات المرتدي: تقرير مصور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 31 2015. http://justpaste.it/leq8. xxvi 'معسكر تدريبي لجنود الخالفة في مدينة بنغازي.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 28 2015. http://nasheer.me/barqa5/. xxvii Twitter,. 2015. 'Adem_3 On Twitter'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://twitter.com/adimtu1/status/603495246043951104. xxviii Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://dump.to/brqaribat. xxix 'اإلغارة على تمركز لجند الطاغوت في محور.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 28 2015. http://nasheer.me/egara/. xxx Dump.to,. 2015. ' تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــو... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://dump.to/bVv. xxxi Twitter,. 2015. ' ابو طلحة الشاميOn Twitter'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://twitter.com/19taalha/status/603315554796105728. xxxii Dump.to,. 2015. '♦ الر ّ الرحمن َّ �بسم هللا... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://dump.to/bTn. xxxiii Twitter,. 2015. '11 الرادار النيجيريOn Twitter'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://twitter.com/joejim2424/status/602965098408194048. xxxiv Twitter,. 2015. ' ابو استشهاديOn Twitter'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://twitter.com/___AK47IS/status/602967619277225985. xxxv 'افتتاح نقطة إعالمية في مدينة درنة.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 28 2015. http://nasheer.me/noqta/. xxxvi https://twitter.com/Islam_News222/status/602718120164335616 xxxvii Twitter,. 2015. 'Michael Horowitz On Twitter'. Accessed May 28 2015. https://twitter.com/michaelh992/status/602059024956137473. xxxviii Dump.to,. 2015. ' تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــو... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 24 2015. https://dump.to/bPO. xxxix Dump.to,. 2015. ' ‘ #�مؤسسة_أجناد لإلنتا... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 24 2015. https://dump.to/bQN. xl Ibid. xli Ibid. xlii Twitter,. 2015. 'Good Morning Libya On Twitter'. Accessed May 24 2015. https://twitter.com/Morning_LY/status/601994878436925440. xliii 'رباط جنود الخالفة في مدينة سرت.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 24 2015. http://nasheer.me/rebat1/. xliv 'جولة في إحدى ورش التفخيخ في والية طرابلس.2015 .,'ناشر. Accessed May 24 2015. http://nasheer.me/jawla/. 121 xv
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' جزء من الغنائم الت: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 24 2015. http://justpaste.it/l9q8. xlvi Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed May 21 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/601343365263794176. xlvii Dump.to,. 2015. ' بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ال... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 21 2015. https://dump.to/bMU. xlviii Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed May 21 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/601126720503226368. xlix Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' في طور النهوض باألمة والرق:تــقــريــر مصــــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 20 2015. http://justpaste.it/l89q. l Reuters,. 2015. 'UPDATE 3-One Killed In Libya Suicide Bombing Claimed By Islamic State -Official'. Accessed May 20 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/19/libya-securityidUSL5N0YA1HJ20150519. li Dump.to,. 2015. ' �والية برقة فرحة الم... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 20 2015. https://dump.to/bLA. lii Dump.to,. 2015. ' �بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم ال... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 20 2015. https://dump.to/bLh. liii Twitter,. 2015. 'Michael Horowitz On Twitter'. Accessed May 20 2015. https://twitter.com/michaelh992/status/600606939450605571. liv YouTube,. 2015. ' والية برقة مرئي مخيم البداية والنهاية في مدينة درنةDarnah Libya'. Accessed May 20 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGftEyKXu6M&feature=youtu.be. lv Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' جزء من الغنائم ال: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 18 2015. http://justpaste.it/l6q6. lvi Twitter,. 2015. '17# أبو ارحيّم الليبيOn Twitter'. Accessed May 18 2015. https://twitter.com/news_libyan/status/600077013517475840. lvii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' المجاهدون يصدون تقدما: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور درنة... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 17 2015. http://justpaste.it/l63v. lviii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' عمال بقوله صلى الل: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور درنة... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 17 2015. http://justpaste.it/l5bz. lix Twitter,. 2015. 'Michael Horowitz On Twitter'. Accessed May 17 2015. https://twitter.com/michaelh992/status/599192257821024257. lx "Condemnation for Ansar’s Harawa Beheadings." Libya Herald. May 15, 2015. Accessed May 18, 2015. http://www.libyaherald.com/2015/05/15/condemnation-for-ansars-harawa-beheadings/. lxi YouTube,. 2015. ' صيّادوا المدرعات يدمرون دبابة لجند الطاغوت حفتر في محور بعيرة: 'مؤسسة الراية. Accessed May 17 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1B-_lWOgyMc&feature=youtu.be. lxii Twitter,. 2015. 'Michael Horowitz On Twitter'. Accessed May 17 2015. https://twitter.com/michaelh992/status/598913730076901377. lxiii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' سرية المدرعات تدك: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 14 2015. http://justpaste.it/l3yj. lxiv Reuters,. 2015. 'Four Children Killed In Rocket Attack In Libya's Benghazi City: Officials'. Accessed May 14 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/13/us-libya-securityidUSKBN0NY27A20150513. lxv Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed May 14 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/598691313878458368. lxvi 'الرباط على طريق المطار في مدينة سرت.2015 .,'صفحة لي. Accessed May 14 2015. http://sfha.li/matar/. lxvii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' بالتعاون مع جمعية ا: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور درنة... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 13 2015. http://justpaste.it/qsw3. lxviii Dump.to,. 2015. ' & بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيمNbsp... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 12 2015. https://dump.to/bCt. lxix YouTube,. 2015. '#'برومو أسود الصابري الشعب كله كان في الجبهه. Accessed May 12 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duln40jOp5c. lxx Facebook.com,. 2015. 'Facebook | من أرشيف أنصار الشريعة: الفيدو المؤثر- 'إنسحاب تكتيكي. Accessed May 10 2015. https://www.facebook.com/5insehab.taktiki/videos/1673290059565422/. lxxi Twitter,. 2015. 'Adem_3 On Twitter'. Accessed May 10 2015. https://twitter.com/adimtu/status/597211525158404097. lxxiilxxii Dump.to,. 2015. ' �تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــ... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 10 2015. https://dump.to/byI. lxxiii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' صحيفة أسبوعية ت، هذه أمتكم أمة واحدة هذه أمتكم: صحيفة... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 10 2015. http://justpaste.it/htheh10. xlv
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
YouTube,. 2015. ' معاني الثبات:'والية برقة. Accessed May 10 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEfUat572cg&feature=youtu.be. lxxv Facebook.com,. 2015. 'Facebook | 'تشتشه. Accessed May 10 2015. https://www.facebook.com/784009698335768/videos/832555723481165/. lxxvi YouTube,. 2015. ''رياح التمكين. Accessed May 10 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VX0b3UW7NYE. lxxvii Dump.to,. 2015. ' تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــو... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 7 2015. https://dump.to/bwz. lxxviii Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المكتب اإلعالمي لوالية برقة يقدم... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 7 2015. http://justpaste.it/hisba6. lxxix Dump.to,. 2015. ' �والية برقة طيران الحكو... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed May 12 2015. https://dump.to/bwd. lxxx Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المكتب اإلعالمي لوالية برقة يقدم... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 6 2015. http://justpaste.it/anfaq1. lxxxi YouTube,. 2015. ' " من قسم الصيانة و النقلية " أنصار الشريعة بليبيا2 من مواطن الرباط: 'السلسلة المرئية. Accessed May 6 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQYQW52fJbo. lxxxii Twitter,. 2015. '١٠ ابوالحسين الحلبيOn Twitter'. Accessed May 6 2015. https://twitter.com/isssman100/status/594879660460216321. lxxxiii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' تحقيقا ا للمقاصد ال: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 6 2015. http://justpaste.it/kwne. lxxxiv Twitter,. 2015. 'Sayf-Allah On Twitter'. Accessed May 6 2015. https://twitter.com/damuppl/status/594534027010310144. lxxxv Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' هذه أمتكم أمة واحدة صحيفة إسبوع: العدد التاسع من صحيفة... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed May 6 2015. http://justpaste.it/kw62. lxxxvi "Three Men Accused of Homosexuality Executed by IS in Derna." Libya Herald. May 1, 2015. Accessed May 6, 2015. http://www.libyaherald.com/2015/05/01/three-men-accused-ofhomosexuality-executed-by-is-in-derna/. lxxxvii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' تحقيقا ا للمقاصد التي: تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 30 2015. http://justpaste.it/kudw. lxxxviii Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' ن ْ قال تعالى ( َو ِم: تقـــريــــر مـــصـــور بنغازي... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 30 2015. http://justpaste.it/ktnx. lxxxix Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المكتب اإلعالمي لوالية برقة يقدم... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 30 2015. http://justpaste.it/photodarna. xc Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed April 30 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/593191442140536832. xci Twitter,. 2015. 'James Wheeler On Twitter'. Accessed April 30 2015. https://twitter.com/wheelertweets/status/592876970511364096. xcii Trackingterrorism.org,. 2015. 'Ansar Al Sharia In Libya Mourns The Death Of AQIM's Abu Masoud Miloud Sdaqa | Chatter Control | TRAC'. Accessed April 30 2015. http://www.trackingterrorism.org/chatter/ansar-al-sharia-libya-mourns-death-aqims-abu-masoudmiloud-sdaqa. xciii Twitter,. 2015. 'Good Morning Libya On Twitter'. Accessed April 30 2015. https://twitter.com/Morning_LY/status/592414336783667201. xciv Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 30 2015. https://dump.to/msho. xcv Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 30 2015. https://dump.to/gam3. xcvi Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 23 2015. https://dump.to/wosool. xcvii Twitter,. 2015. '8 تارا الحمدانيOn Twitter'. Accessed April 30 2015. https://twitter.com/19tara___/status/591194942401343488. xcviii News.siteintelgroup.com,. 2015. 'IS Al-Bayan News Bulletin For April 22, 2015, Reports Attack Targeting Spanish Embassy In Tripoli | Jihadist News'. Accessed April 23 2015. https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/is-al-bayan-news-bulletin-for-april-22-2015-reportsattack-targeting-spanish-embassy-in-tripoli.html. xcix Twitter,. 2015. 'ADEM On Twitter'. Accessed April 23 2015. https://twitter.com/oAD0EM08/status/590838561630457856. c Twitter,. 2015. 'ADEM On Twitter'. Accessed April 23 2015. https://twitter.com/oAD0EM08/status/590662351277404160. ci "IS “crucifies” Family in Derna." Libya Herald. April 21, 2015. Accessed April 22, 2015. http://www.libyaherald.com/2015/04/21/is-crucifies-family-in-derna/. 123 lxxiv
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
Twitter,. 2015. 'Libya Al Hurra On Twitter'. Accessed April 22 2015. https://twitter.com/LibyaAlHurraTV/status/589912603008303104. ciii Yahoo News,. 2015. 'IS Video Purports To Show Killing Of Ethiopians In Libya'. Accessed April 19 2015. http://news.yahoo.com/un-90-000-people-fled-advance-iraqs-anbar-093621366.html. civ Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 19 2015. https://dump.to/barqa6. cv Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' خيْر أ َ َ " كنت ْم:انطالقا ا من قوله تعالى: درنة... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 19 2015. https://justpaste.it/ans7d. cvi Facebook.com,. 2015. 'Facebook | مؤسسة بيان لإلنتاج اإلعالمي- صاعقة21 'تدمير عربة لكتيبة. Accessed April 15 2015. https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=662003573906115&set=vb.658826377557168&type=2&the ater. cvii Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'مطـلوبون للـــقـــتـل ( و حرض المؤمنين على القتال ) الح... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 30 2015. http://justpaste.it/w4an. cviii The Big Story,. 2015. 'Jordan's Ambassador, Freed In Libya, Returns Home'. Accessed April 15 2015. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jordanian-ambassador-released-captors-libya. cix Twitter,. 2015. 'Good Morning Libya On Twitter'. Accessed April 15 2015. https://twitter.com/Morning_LY/status/587419806271430656. cx Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 15 2015. https://dump.to/rebatsirt. cxi Twitter,. 2015. 'A. Ibrahim On Twitter'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://twitter.com/jihadi24/status/585732584253952000 cxii Facebook.com,. 2015. 'Facebook | 'احمد محمد الطرابلسي. Accessed April 8 2015. https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=1615019678730352. cxiii Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://dump.to/moltaqa3. cxiv Twitter,. 2015. 'Good Morning Libya On Twitter'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://twitter.com/Morning_LY/status/585464559160397825 cxv Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور ربـاط المجاهـدين بمحـور بنيـ... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 15 2015. َ https://justpaste.it/kcts. cxvi بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump and share text & images easily and anonymously! Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://dump.to/malahem2. cxvii طـــاب َ أَبـــو خَـon Twitter. Twitter,. 2015. 'طـــاب َ أَبـــو خَـOn Twitter'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://twitter.com/k8h5a2t6a2b/status/584676842814091264 cxviii Twitter,. 2015. '6 ل ادرك الصواب ٌ عقOn Twitter'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://twitter.com/66kkq/status/584959234942599168 cxix Pbs.twimg.com,. 2015. Accessed April 8 2015. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CB0Cg9HUEAA15Px.jpg cxx بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump and share text & images easily and anonymously! Dump.to,. 2015. 'بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم المك... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://dump.to/sooqsirt. cxxicxxi تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور عمال بقوله تعالى { كنتم... - justpaste.it ْ Justpaste.it,. 2015. 'تــقـــريـــر مـــصـــــور عمال بقوله تعالى { كنت ْم... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://justpaste.it/kbz0. cxxii [ فتح العليم بحكم كتيبة "أبو... - Dump.To - Dump and share text & images easily and anonymously! Dump.to,. 2015. '[ فتح العليم بحكم كتيبة "أبو... - Dump.To - Dump And Share Text & Images Easily And Anonymously!'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://dump.to/aQd. cxxiii Pbs.twimg.com,. 2015. Accessed April 8 2015. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CBV5A44WsAAYKje.jpg cxxiv ال في سبيل الديمقراطية، بوكا العريبي في سبيل هللا... - justpaste.it Justpaste.it,. 2015. ' ال في سبيل الديمقراطية، بوكا العريبي في سبيل هللا... - Justpaste.It'. Accessed April 8 2015. https://justpaste.it/boka. cxxv "Two Injured in Derna Bomb Blast." Libya Herald. March 29, 2015. Accessed April 8, 2015. http://www.libyaherald.com/2015/03/29/two-injured-in-derna-bomb-blast/#axzz3VpVFLdMP. cxxvi Pbs.twimg.com,. 2015. Accessed March 26 2015. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CA9UZuSXEAAYtda.jpg:large. cxxvii Nasher.me,. 2015. ''إتالف أسحار وجدت في بيت ساحرة كانت تؤذي المسلمين بسحر العطف والصرف | ناشر. Accessed March 26 2015. http://nasher.me/ashar/. cxxviii "Suicide Bomber Kills 5 Operation Sunrise Members in Sirte Power Station Attack: Report." Libya Herald. March 25, 2015. Accessed March 26, 2015. 124 cii
Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
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Beheadings, Car Bombings, and the Islamic State’s Expansion in Libya
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