SAME: The Second Century Begins by Leverage Media

Society of American

Military Engineers

The Second Century Begins

P R E PA R I N G F O R T H E F U T U R E BY B U I L D I N G O N T H E PA ST

The Second Century Begins Preparing for the Future by Building on the Past

Ingenuity, Innovation, and Initiative— Invaluable, Always “We know only that the analyses of problems, the stimulation to thinking, and the practical advice which we have gained through SAME have been invaluable — VICE ADM. JOHN MANNING, USN (RET.), FORMER CHIEF OF THE NAVY CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS AND SAME PRESIDENT, 1950 (PAGE 44)

“When I visited Korea last fall, the magnitude and complexity of the tasks performed and which gave planners and technicians no rest or respite, channels were cleared for to be done under enemy attack, without adequate tools or equipment, and always with — FRANCIS MATTHEWS, SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, AT SAME’S 1951 ANNUAL MEETING (PAGE 59)

— CAROLINE ROBERTS AND LT. COL. MICHAEL DARROW, USA (RET.), CO-CHAIRS OF SAME’S LEADER DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY OF INTEREST, 2020 (PAGE 119)

Acknowledgments Thank you to the following individuals for their service and contributions to the SAME Century Book and the Society’s Centennial Celebration. Centennial Commissioner Cindy Lincicome, F.SAME Centennial Commission Richard “Rad” Delaney, AIA, LEED AP, F.SAME Anthony Leketa, P.E., F.SAME (Dist.), SES (Ret.) Dave Newkirk, F.SAME Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, P.E., F.SAME, USA (Ret.) National Leadership Team, 2018-2020 Lt. Col. Wendell “Buddy” Barnes, P.E., F.SAME (Dist.), USA (Ret.) Col. Marvin Fisher, LEED AP, F.SAME, USAF (Ret.) Rear Adm. Mark Handley, P.E., F.SAME, USN (Ret.) Col. Robert Keyser, P.E., F.SAME, USA (Ret.) Cindy Lincicome, F.SAME Col. John Mogge Jr., Ph.D., RA, F.SAME, USAF (Ret.) Col. Sal Nodjomian, P.E., F.SAME, USAF (Ret.) Col. Charlie Perham, F.SAME, USAF (Ret.) Harold Rosen, F.SAME (Dist.) Heather Wishart-Smith, P.E., PMP, LEED AP, F.SAME, F.ASCE Lt. Col. Neal Wright, P.E., PMP, F.SAME, F.ASCE, F.NSPE, USA (Ret.) Century Book Review Team Ilana Almquist Lt. Col. Wendell “Buddy” Barnes, P.E., F.SAME (Dist.), USA (Ret.) Col. Patrick Coullahan, P.E., CFM, F.SAME, F.NSPE, USAF (Ret.) Jeff Davis, F.SAME Capt. James Donahue, P.E., F.SAME (Dist.), USCG (Ret.) Summer Gladden, LEED AP, APMP Anita Larson, PG, F.SAME Cdr. Sam Lee, P.E., CEC, USN Linda McKnight, F.SAME (Dist.) Capt. Nelson Mix, P.E., CHMM, F.SAME, USPHS Kathy Schroedel Roger Wozny, P.E., F.SAME (Dist.) TME Editorial Staff Stephen Karl Jada Matthews Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, P.E., F.SAME, USA (Ret.) Daniel Wheatley

Leverage Media Mike Winkleman, editorial director Peter Haapaniemi, writer Dean Abatemarco, design director Sue Khodarahmi, researcher and copyeditor Jerry Goodbody, researcher and copyeditor Andrea Olstein, managing editor Rosemary P. Sullivan, production manager Helmut Filacchione, indexer

staff; and our Strategic Partners, Sustaining Members, and military and government stakeholders for their continued support throughout the Run to 2020 and Beyond. © Copyright 2021 by the Society of American Military Engineers, 1420 King Street, Suite 100, Alexandria, VA 22314. 703-549-3800. www.same.org. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-0-578-90746-8 Printed in the United States of America by Walsworth Publishing Co.

Dedication those who, over the past 100 years, have given their time and energy, their devotion and creativity, to the enduring missions espoused by the Society of American Military Engineers since its founding— patriotism, collaboration, readiness—and to those who will carry these forward in the years to come, embodied in the collaborative

The Second Century Begins Preparing for the Future by Building on the Past

FOREWORD

IN FOCUS

INTRODUCTION

SAME's magazine has been there for a century, offering information and inspiration on the art and science of engineering.

CHAPTER ONE

While the Society’s membership represents all with a stake in U.S. security, the military has always been at its heart.

8 Be proud of SAME's legacy, knowing its future belongs to you. By Cindy Lincicome, F.SAME 10 What the past teaches us about tomorrow. By Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, P.E., F.SAME, USA (Ret.)

The Services

Why We Were Formed

Posts

A century ago, looking to make use of the engineering lessons learned during the Great War, the Society of American Military Engineers is founded, “dedicated to patriotism and national security.”

From promoting local industry-government engagement to training tomorrow’s engineers, Posts represent SAME at home and abroad.

CHAPTER TWO

Sustaining Members

What We Have Stood For

The Society is the crucial link between the engineering needs of government and the expertise of America's industrial base.

As the country struggles through the Great Depression and prepares, once again, for world war, the Society transforms its vision of national service into practical accomplishments.

Awards & Recognition

CHAPTER THREE

SAME has long honored excellence, while equally recognizing selfless service and volunteerism.

When We Have Served

Against the backdrop of the Cold War and rapid technological innovation, the military engineering community expands its role to include civic engagement, nation-building, and humanitarian work.

CHAPTER FOUR

How We Have Changed

As one-time threats recede and others emerge, the Society explores new ways to enhance collaboration across the engineering community to meet the needs of the military and the nation.

CHAPTER FIVE

Who We Are Today

18 42 62 84 104 122

CONNECTING PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE

Strengthening Industry-Government Engagement Developing Leaders for the Profession Preparing Servicemembers and Veterans for the A/E/C Industry Building and Sustaining Resilient Communities Enriching the STEM Pipeline for the Nation Adapting to Changing Regulations and Requirements

TIMELINE

With the approach of its Centennial Celebration, SAME is able to take pride in its ever-broadening membership and innovative and impactful programs that support a healthy, growing profession.

CHAPTER SIX

Where We Are Headed

129 Capturing SAME’s 100 years of service to the nation.

APPENDICES

Leaders 142 Sustaining Members 143 Fellows 144 Awards 150 Posts 160 166 INDEX

SAME enters its second century, ready to confront a host of national security challenges— including cybersecurity, climate change, and a global pandemic—from a position of great strength.

WHAT WAS TRUE THEN IS EVEN TRUER NOW

176 Words written about SAME in 1920 could have been written today.

Foreword

We Always Look Ahead SAME’s Centennial Provides a Window on the Future

By Cindy Lincicome, F.SAME, SAME Centennial Commissioner

In 1920, the Society of American Military Engineers was established to preserve and expand upon connections formed in the world war and to promote the advancement of engineering and related professions across government and industry. The purpose was to enhance readiness. The motivation was patriotism and national security. Over the course of the past 100 years, thousands of servicemembers and civilians, men and women alike, have ensured that mission endured. This book represents their journey—and the journey of those who will be the standard-bearers of SAME in our next 100 years. I have had the privilege of being a member for nearly 20 years, volunteering at the local, regional, and national levels. It has been an honor to serve as the SAME Centennial Commissioner and to help lead the Society during this extraordinary period in our history. Special recognition goes to the Centennial Commission, our Post leaders, the National Leadership Team, and the National Office Staff, who, together, eagerly accepted the invitation to move the Society forward into its next 100 years. We set out in 2018 on our three-year Centennial

Celebration to set the stage for SAME’s second century of service. We seized the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to leverage our 100th anniversary to drive enthusiasm, increase engagement, and generate irreversible momentum toward our future. We embraced our new governance model. We pursued impactful initiatives, including retooling the Communities of Interest and establishing a Leader Development Program. We overwhelmingly committed to support Posts and their role in local communities. And we galvanized resources behind the com-

pelling purpose of the SAME Foundation to foster engineering leadership for the nation. We achieved many of our targets, but watching the passion grow in such a diverse group of professionals engaging in the Societywide effort for our Centennial Celebration has been a true reminder of the steadfast devotion of SAME members. (This was especially true amid the challenges of the pandemic, which forced the cancellation of so many long-planned, in-person gatherings.) Throughout our journey, many lifelong friendships were formed among volunteers who share the same passion, commitment, and dedication to our nation, our profession, and SAME. There could be no better final phase to our “Run to 2020 and Beyond” than the publication of this Century Book. Nothing in SAME is static. We always look ahead. A major goal of this book was not just to articulate our past but to define our future—how members, partners, and stakeholders are embracing SAME’s unique role of leading collaboration through strengthening industry-government engagement, building and sustaining resilient communities, enriching the STEM pipeline for the nation, developing leaders for the profession, and preparing veterans and servicemembers for the A/E/C industry. But it is because of the trusted legacy built by those who came before us that we can make a difference in these critical areas today. Within the history of the Society lies a fascinating story of the evolution of collaboration throughout the past 100 years and an ability to pivot and be where it was needed, when it was needed. This book recognizes that our Society is authentic and continues to bring out the best in people who truly do care about our nation, our profession, and the future. As a capstone of SAME’s first century, this book will be of particular interest to longtime members who fondly remember the people and the events captured here. But it may well be even more important to the next gen-

erations—our young professionals, our student members, those who attend our Engineering & Construction Camps, even those in grade school who are exposed to engineering for the first time by SAME members at science fairs and through outreach programs. The future of the Society belongs to you. Be proud of its past. Be inspired by its potential.

Cindy Lincicome, SAME’s Centennial Commissioner, discusses plans for the Society’s Centennial Celebration with Buddy Barnes, then SAME’s 100th President-Elect, at the Post Leaders Workshop in 2018.

Introduction

Actions That Inspire By Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, P.E., F.SAME, USA (Ret.), Executive Director of SAME

By reading this book, you are about to embark on a compelling journey. Most celebratory works such as this highlight the accomplishments of an organization’s past. In this book, our journey through time has a greater purpose. While we do honor the past and the legacy of those who built the organization, we also sought to provide a thought-provoking look ahead to inspire actions that will help sustain our nation, our profession, and our Society. In the ever more rapidly changing world in which we live, we may not be able to predict tomorrow, but reflecting on the past to understand the present can certainly give us the starting point of a solid foundation for the future. I would like to extend my personal thanks up front to the Centennial Commission, the Century Book reviewers, our National Office communications staff, and the entire team who worked tirelessly to produce this profound work. Their complete commitment to the task was inspiring from beginning to end. It will inspire you, too.

NATIONAL SECURITY

America is a place where we give thanks for and constant-

ly strive to preserve life, freedom, and the opportunity to reach our full potential and happiness. And not just for ourselves. For nearly 250 years, this nation has been secured by the selfless service of countless Americans whose pursuit of those ideals is at least interrupted, and all too often completely sacrificed, to preserve our values. For nearly half of America’s existence—100 continuous years, to be exact, and with no end in sight—the Society of American Military Engineers has been the place where those desiring to contribute to national security gather. And not just engineers, but professionals from all walks of life—military, government, industry, academia, and nonprofits—representing the rich diversity of thought, culture,

disciplines, perspectives, and selfless service that is America. Threats to national security are dynamic and often unpredictable. Our lives are periodically upset by global inflection points: wars, pandemics, rogue actors, economic crises, resource shortfalls, even misapplication of technological advances or unforeseen disruptions from innovations. The accelerating pace of change, the growth of world interdependence, and even internal societal shifts are making our national security environment even more dynamic and unpredictable. Today, unlike the past, many of our vulnerabilities are faceless and nameless. Climate change and cybersecurity are prime examples. Therein lies the unique strength of SAME yesterday, today, and tomorrow: leading collaboration to help solve infrastructure-related challenges. A subtle but important theme that emerges as you read this book is the evolution of collaboration. As the national security environment changes, so do the requirements of our members and stakeholders. SAME’s response has been to adapt to ensure that the value we provide is not just relevant, but contributes to real impact. Producing impact is another subtle theme you will discover as you read this book. Whether working on technical solutions to engineering challenges on and off the battlefield, developing leaders as well as future professionals, or ensuring the viability of the facilities and infrastructure that impact the strength of our sources of national power, especially our military and economic strength, SAME has continued to adapt to make a lasting impact.

The past is not always prologue. SAME was founded at a time when America was being torn from an isolationist past and thrust into world leadership—not just because of our growing global economic strength, but because our national values transcend political boundaries. SAME’s focus was on

ensuring readiness to meet future engineering challenges on the battlefield and establishing a dialogue between military and civilian engineers to develop well-rounded, welltrained professionals. Readiness meant being prepared to answer the call to serve. World War I proved that we grossly underestimated the need for engineers in modern conflict. So we mobilized the nation’s engineers to join the fight. When those veterans returned home, reality set in: “We may be needed again.” SAME was born to directly serve our nation’s defense. Those beginnings underscored another pillar of SAME’s values: trust. Our founding fathers recognized the importance of local relationship-building that could best be

achieved through Posts. For a century, SAME Posts have helped build trust by providing a forum for developing open and honest relationships, many of which grow into lifelong friendships. That trust is fundamental to industrygovernment engagement, whether in combat zones, a meeting room, or a project site, anywhere in the world. Our early years established the bedrock of values and timeless purpose that endures today.

We all like to think our parents would be proud of how we turned out. In SAME, we like to think our founding fathers would be proud of the work we are doing a century later. From those humble beginnings of just a few Posts, we now enjoy the service of more than 100 Posts worldwide. We have a robust national organization that includes a professional staff, a strong SAME Foundation with a compelling purpose to foster engineering leadership, 17 Communities of Interest representing a broad diversity of technical and human capital expertise, and a vibrant National Leadership Team and Board of Direction. But those numbers alone do not tell today’s entire story. As we evolved, two other important themes emerged that have been instrumental in who we are: volunteer service and inclusion. From the very beginning of our nation, volunteerism has been at the heart of selfless service. The role of volunteers in battle—volunteer servicemembers, contractors, and civilians supporting the fight—is the ultimate example of the importance of willing volunteer service. SAME continues to be the benefactor of some of the most selfless and creative people one could ever meet. They were all certainly inspired in very different ways. Yet regardless of their motivation, their collective impact produced an amazing story. Keep this important theme in mind as you read of the accomplishments of SAME’s first century. For many of the Society’s early years, we were largely

(Top) (Above)

Utilizing the SAME Story Though we cannot predict the future, we know that we will continue to adapt, will keep our enduring purpose in sight, and will once again persevere. comprised of Army officers and engineers who had been called to serve as soldiers “over there” in the trenches and the fields and the forests of Europe. Even from the start, however, membership was not restrictive. Individuals from other services and places of business joined the young Society. Today, SAME is proudly one of the most inclusive organizations in our industry. We represent every uniformed service, and we have members from many federal agencies, from state and local governments, even international partners. Further, we represent all ranks and ages, and even the needs of family members, like our robust scholarship program that provides over $1 million annually. It gets better. More than 1,500 Sustaining Member companies and numerous stakeholders are committed to the enduring impact that membership in or association with SAME provides. Across every category of membership, the Society is a place where your race, ethnicity, religion, and gender are a natural part of who SAME is. And that collective body of talent is taking on real industry-government engagement challenges and producing solutions that are undoubtedly contributing to our national security. Our founding fathers might not have been able to predict this outcome, but their vision to anchor our purpose on leading collaboration between those dedicated to patriotism and national security surely set the stage for the evolution that we can now look back upon with pride. I am confident they would be pleased with how we turned out.

We stand today on the shoulders of humble giants. They served selflessly. They sacrificed. They volunteered their

time, talents, and treasure for something greater than themselves—and they asked for nothing in return. We also stand today shoulder to shoulder with tomorrow’s giants, those who will extend our legacy of service and impact. Where will SAME be in 2120 when we celebrate our bicentennial? Our first 100 years made an indelible contribution to this country, despite the challenges along the way. Many worry about the uncertainty of the future. But uncertainty pales when you consider the helplessness and even desperation that people around the world experienced during the First and Second World Wars and amid the Great Depression. How did we emerge from those depths to be where we are today? We adapted, we never lost sight of our purpose, and we persevered. Though we cannot predict the future, we do know some of our present challenges will influence it, including the shortage of skilled artisans and tradespeople and the growing capabilities of near-peer competitors. We also know we will adapt again, keep our enduring purpose in sight, and once again persevere. SAME’s first 100 years is a story of a journey rooted in a commitment to national security. It is a story of an enduring purpose to serve our nation and our profession. It is a story of members and stakeholders who value selfless service, collaboration, trust, volunteerism, and inclusion. As you read this book, I predict that many of you will be inspired to help write the story of our next 100 years. Thanks for the contributions you have made—and will continue to make—to our nation, to our profession, and to SAME. Deeds Not Words!

of developing this book, we have been motivated to ensure it has staying power. We want members to read it and importantly, to use it to help inform their own appreciation for SAME and to spread that message to others inside and outside the organization. After all, it is those of us today who have the responsibility to ensure SAME’s bright future, just as those who came before us so honorably did. Although the chapters are chronological, they include connections to our past, present, and future. Understanding how our mission and founding prinevolved is essential to recognizing the impact we can have. Similarly, the In Focus sections were carefully chosen to highlight some of our enduring institutions and elements: Sustaining Members, Posts, The Military Engineer, Awards & Recognition, and the Services. These are each fundamental to why SAME has thrived for 100 years and will be invaluable to our continued success. Lastly, in the SAME at 100 timeline and the appendices that follow, we have captured many of the historical milestones, distinguished leaders, and members and stakeholders that have made an oversized contribution to the Society. No lists are ever fully comprehensive or without unintentional omission. Know that great care was taken to recognize many throughout the years, but with all research, some will invariably be left out. To those we missed, and to all who have called themselves SAME members since 1920, let us say thank you for all you have given to the Society and to writing the

Chapter One

Why We Were Formed Preparing for a New World

When World War I broke out in Europe, it quickly became clear that the new century had brought a new kind of conflict—and that the nature of war had changed forever. It was a conflict that saw unprecedented numbers of military personnel operating over vast areas, and often far from their home countries. At the same time, new technologies, from machine guns and flamethrowers to chemical weapons and tanks, were reshaping the battlefield. Long-range heavy artillery wreaked havoc far behind the front lines. Submarines sank supply transports and troop ships. Aircraft evolved quickly to play a growing role over the battlefields in France, and the concept of strategic bombing emerged as German planes and zeppelins attacked London. And on the Western Front in France, hundreds of thousands of troops moved underground, as the two sides dug in for long, drawn-out trench warfare. World War I was essentially the first “total war,” where

the full weight of national resources was brought to bear against the enemy. It was a battle of numbers, with each side trying to wear the other down with overwhelming volumes of people and materiel. Extensive transportation networks, efficient logistics, and the building and maintenance of infrastructure were critical to success. It was, in a very real sense, an engineer’s war. Courage and discipline were vitally important—but the need to keep people, food, and ammunition flowing to the front lines was critical to victory.

MILESTONES

THE RISE OF THE ‘ENGINEER’S WAR’ World War I presents new challenges, and the United States has to draw on civilian and military experts to expand its military engineering capabilities. A NEW ASSOCIATION IS FORMED SAME is founded on January 1, 1920, to help preserve and nurture the engineering relationships and knowledge sharing developed during the war. REACHING ACROSS BOUNDARIES SAME’s The Military Engineer magazine debuts alongside the new Society, with its January-February 1920 issue serving to provide “a bond of union, sympathy, and understanding between all engineers in civil or military life.”

MILESTONES

EXPANDING LOCAL ROOTS A network of local SAME chapters quickly springs up, and by the end of 1921, 23 of these Posts are up and running across the United States. THE FIRST MANAGEMENT TEAM meeting on January 14, 1921, in Washington, D.C., formally cers for the young Society. TAKING THE REINS Maj. Gen. William Murray Black, USA (Ret.), becomes A FAST START In its inaugural year, SAME grows its membership to more than 3,500, with members in more than two dozen countries around the world.

As the American engineers arrived in Europe, they quickly realized that they would have to meet a wide range of engineering challenges, tackling projects requiring the cooperation of experts from multiple disciplines. When the United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, the country was not prepared for the kind of conflict it would soon face. The Army Corps of Engineers consisted of just 256 officers and 2,198 enlisted men, and they were organized largely to work on domestic projects. But the military quickly recognized the need to ramp up its engineering capabilities for a war on foreign shores, and through heavy recruiting efforts, more and more civilian engineers were brought into the armed forces. By the time the war ended in November 1918—with the armistice that took effect on the “eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month”—about 245,000 U.S. engineers had served in France, a significant percentage of the approximately 2 million American soldiers that served there. Another 15,000 were in uniform back in the United States—a reminder that total war relied on engineering talent at home as well as abroad.

The Expanded Role of Engineering As the American engineers arrived in Europe, they quickly realized that they would have to meet an especially wide range of engineering challenges. They laid roads and railroads across France and up to the front lines, and developed airfields for the aircraft being deployed in the conflict. They built and refurbished ports to handle the growing number of ships carrying soldiers and supplies, they constructed warehouses and depots, and they set up camps and barracks to house soldiers and prisoners. They bridged rivers, dug

tunnels, and constructed fortifications and trench works. They set up generating plants and strung electric and communications lines, and they built dams, water purification systems, and conduits for water supplies. They worked in specialized units focusing on everything from chemical weapons and tanks to forestry, camouflage, and sound-andflash detection to locate enemy artillery. These engineers tackled projects that could be large and complex, requiring the cooperation of experts from multiple disciplines. They frequently worked in difficult conditions, navigating a French landscape that had been devastated by a conflict that had already been underway for several years and had seen millions of casualties. Through it all, they contended with everything from bad weather and deep mud to shortages of people, supplies, and equipment—all of which required them to improvise and quickly come up with solutions on the ground. And there were the hazards that come with working in a combat zone. Indeed, the first two American casualties in France were members of the 11th Engineer Regiment (Railway), who were wounded by artillery fire in September 1917. The experience of the Army’s 6th Engineers provides a glimpse of what many U.S. engineers saw at and near the front. A few years after the war, two of its officers recalled their unit’s work prior to a major American offensive in 1918: “During the night preceding an attack, all roads in the sector leading to the front must be made passable for transportation,” they wrote. “Bodies of horses and men must be disposed of, shell holes must be filled, or, if the

STERLING INTEGRITY

Gen. Black’s Long Road to SAME road has been mined, a new piece of road must be built around the mine, or the hole bridged. Naturally a road is always mined at a fill, making the obstacle as complete as possible and the repair as difficult as possible.” At the front, the 6th Engineers cut paths through forests, out of sight of enemy gunners, and guided troops through them to their point of attack. “The engineer, in assisting the advance of the infantry and artillery, encounters the usual artificial obstacles—almost always wire and the multitude of natural obstacles such as swamps, rivers, and vegetation,” the officers wrote. “It is in overcoming the latter class, under fire, that the engineer finds his biggest job.” During the war, American military engineers at home and abroad had to quickly adapt to the emerging battlefield challenges faced by those “over there.” Along with new techniques and innovative solutions, they learned something deeper: the value of teamwork, shared knowledge, and collaboration across organizations and disciplines. The war had meant that thousands of civilian engineers were suddenly working side by side with career military engineers, bringing together what had traditionally been two separate worlds. They learned from one another and drew on their combined experience and expertise—a formula that enabled them to adapt to adversity and tackle challenge after challenge, and to establish an impressive record of success that helped lead to victory in the war.

The Birth of a New Association After the Great War ended, America’s prewar isolationist political sentiments once again came to the fore. The country began reducing the size of the military and trying to return to what people saw as “normal” prewar life. Just 19 months after the United States had mobilized for the war, tens of thousands of engineers were mustered out of the service and transitioned back to civilian life. But the hard-won lessons of the conflict remained in the

AFTER FOUR DECADES OF SERVICE, A NEW SOCIETY TO LEAD Maj. Gen. William Murray Black, USA (Ret.), association after a long and wide-ranging career with the Corps of Engineers. After graduating from the U.S. Military Academy in 1877, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant, and over the course of four decades was involved in everything from constructing locks and dams on American rivers to helping build port facilities in Jacksonville, Florida; acting as an observer of French efforts to build the Panama Canal; and teaching at West Point. When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, Gen. Black took charge of a new unit of volunteer troops and oversaw their training in military engineering procedures. On July 25 landing of U.S. troops in Puerto Rico. During the occupation of Cuba after the war, Gen. Black eventually became Chief Engineer of the island of Cuba. There, he helped modernize Havana’s sanitary systems, oversaw street improvements, and constructed wharves and oceanfront protective barriers. USS Maine, which had been sunk by a mine in Havana’s harbor in 1898. In this effort, the bodies of scores of U.S. personnel were recovered, and the Maine was towed to international waters and scuttled. By the beginning of World War I, Gen. Black was the Army’s Chief of Engineers—a role that required him to quickly build up and direct the country’s military engineering forces to meet a wide range of new challenges. He was later awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for “especially meritorious and conspicuous service in planning and administering the Engineer and Military Railway services during the war.” Gen. Black retired in 1919 but remained busy with the new Society of American Military Black, McKenny, and Stewart. After Gen. Black’s death on September 24, 1933, the then-Chief

Gen. Black received the Distinguished Service Medal for engineering achievements. of Engineers, Maj. Gen. Edward Markham, USA, noted that “his sterling integrity and moral courage were always an inspiration to those who knew him, and these qualities, together with ceaseless industry and energy, enabled him to render invaluable service to his country.” As much as any one person, Gen. Black is responsible for the establishment and properity of SAME, and he served as the two years, 1920 and 1921.

C O N N E C T I N G PA S T, P R E S E N T & F U T U R E

The Society’s Solid Core

Discussion during a Table Top Exercise held at JETC in 2019.

STRENGTHENING INDUSTRY-GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENT

In 1956, testing a portable wheeled bridge created through the Engineer Research and Development Laboratories. SAME was founded in 1920 to help the engineers who had come together in the military during World War I stay in contact with both those who returned to civilian life and those who remained in service to ensure a greater preparedness in the all-too-likely founders recognized that such relationships could help ensure that a full complement of engineering talent would be readily available. But the Society quickly saw that these relationships had deeper they fostered could help move both the engineering profession and national security forward—and at the same time, help build the trust needed for effective collaboration in the long term. This collaborative approach to industry and government became the core of SAME. Over the

discussions kept engineers up to speed on each others’ activities—and at times, on the leading edge of developments. In the 1980s, for example, TME ran a number of Technology Transfer issues looking at upcoming research and development projects in the Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Air Force, in particular. As Lt. Gen. J.K. Bratton, USA, Chief of Engineers, and SAME’s 1982 President, wrote, these provided “a unique opportunity to transfer appropriate technology to all installations and facility engineers, base civil engineers, to our engineer colleagues in the federal government, and to our counterparts in industry and the civilian community.” In the 21st century, the Society’s collaborative approach evolved into the overarching concept of industry-government engagement (IGE). This became embedded in goals and activities across SAME, from events and workshops to the Communities of Interest and a renewed emphasis on strategic partnerships with other A/E/C organizations. Posts, in particular, became very active in IGE events tions. “Understanding the local requirements starts with creating forums where government can share program trends and needs and where industry can listen and share expertise,” Philios Angelides, a former President of the Washington DC Post, told

Industry and government leaders join together for a CEO Roundtable.

actions between SAME’s military and civilian members, including a series of prominent MilitaryIndustrial Conferences in the 1950s and, later, Executive Forums, CEO Roundtables, and Table Top Exercises that brought military and business leaders together to jointly explore key issues. Such

TME in 2020. “Each Post can leverage the relationships of their members with agencies and organize appropriate events to facilitate dialogue.” In SAME’s second century, the Society is strengthening efforts to support engagement between industry and government. It has made IGE one of the key pillars of its strategic plan and collaboration among government and industry to develop multidisciplined solutions to national security infrastructure challenges.” This emphasis on IGE recognizes that SAME members are facing increasingly complex challenges, from the remediation of PFAS contamination at military bases to the modernization and expansion of overseas facilities in an era of Great Power Competition. At the same time, public-private partnerships are growing more complicated, and in many cases involve long-term services, such as energy management or facility maintenance. In response, SAME is not only continuing to foster partnering in the execution of projects, it is also working to streamline the process of creating those partnerships, bringing leaders together to develop more effective tools for managing the details involved in contracting and building successful partnerships. These efforts will help accelerate the process, foster trust, and increase the agility of the community as it tackles the 21st century’s critical—and often urgent—challenges.

minds of many leaders. These people recognized that the old “normal” was a thing of the past, and that wars of the future would require increasing levels of engineering expertise as well as the involvement of both military and civilian engineers. They did not want to risk falling behind in the emerging engineering “arms race.” As an Army Engineer Department publication reported in 1920, “The lesson of the Great War should not be lost, nor should we fail to profit by the experiences which have been so costly. ‘Never again’ should America be found so unprepared for an armed struggle on which her fate as a nation will depend.”

ne person who took that view to heart was Maj. Gen. William Black, the Army’s Chief of Engineers, who had overseen the buildup of the military’s engineering capabilities for the war (see sidebar, page 17). Black knew firsthand the importance of those capabilities to the war effort—and now, as the drawdown of engineering troops began, he worried about the reduction of that force. As a result, in 1919, he appointed a board consisting of nine officers to consider the creation of an “association of engineers” that could maintain and expand the connections and shared civilian and military knowledge that had been developed during the war. He also sent a letter to all the officers in the Corps of Engineers, asking for their opinions about such an organization. The board reported that the response to Black’s idea was overwhelmingly positive, with feedback coming from both the military and industry. Those efforts ultimately led to the launching of a new organization—the Society of American Military Engineers (SAME)—on January 1, 1920. As a Society announcement explained, “We are establishing at this time a Society of American Military Engineers. This Society will serve no selfish purpose. It is dedicated to patriotism and national

security.” For the first year, SAME operated with a temporary executive staff, and on March 1, 1920, this group adopted a constitution that spelled out the broad goals of the organization, which endure today: The objects of the Society shall be in the interests of national defense to promote the efficiency of the military engineer service of the United States; to maintain its best standards and traditions; to disseminate professional knowledge concerning development in engineering with special reference to their application to military purposes; to develop between the military engineers and other arms of the service a spirit of co-operation and a mutual understanding of their respective duties, powers, and limitations; and to foster relations of helpful interest between the engineering profession in civil life and that in the military service. A year after the Society was officially announced, it held its first annual meeting, open to all members, on January 14, 1921, in Washington, D.C. There, Gen. Black was officially elected as SAME’s first President, and a separate board meeting held that day named new officers and executives— all of which was completed in just a few hours. The Society had a key advantage: an existing publication with an established readership. The Army Corps of Engineers had published its own journal, called Professional Memoirs, since 1909. However, it was having financial issues and new regulations limited government agencies’ ability to publish their own periodicals. So as the Society was being formed, that journal was transferred to the new organization. It was given a broader editorial mission and relaunched as The Military Engineer (TME) in January 1920—meaning that the magazine and SAME were essentially born together. (The announcement of the formation of the Society was carried in the first issue of TME.) The magazine provided a critical vehicle for reaching influential leaders, building membership, and launching a network of local SAME chapters, or Posts. These Posts were quickly established on the West Coast and in the Midwest,

By the mid-1920s, TME was covering everything from lessons advances and large civil projects, such as the Wilson Dam on the Tennessee River in Alabama. The November-December 1925 issue gave readers insight into transportation and city planning, railway maintenance, and new technology for transmitting pictures over wire, while George Burgess, Director of the U.S. Bureau of Standards, described how his organization’s work supneering. The issue also included a letter from an especially noteworthy reader, Marshal Joffre, the Commander-in Chief of the French forces on the Western Front for much of World War I. Joffre wrote: It is with the greatest pleasure that I have read your article about the French Military Engineers. If I have been reminded, by the wonderful pictures of the splendid work of our “sapeurs,” I do not forget their American associates, so clever, so skillful during the War and who are, today, of such a help to their country. We have worked together. We shall both continue to do our best. It is a good thing for The Military Engineer to tell the people so.

P R A C T I C A L PAT R I O T I S M

The Castle Makes the Cut THE SYMBOL CHOSEN AT THE BEGINNING IS STILL IN USE TODAY Southeast, and Northeast, holding their first meetings in June 1920. By the end of 1920, 16 Posts were in place, and another seven were founded in 1921. (See page 65.) Many influential leaders supported the new Society from the start. Charter members included veterans not only from World War I, but also from the SpanishAmerican War and the Civil War, with one of the earliest to sign on being Brig. Gen. Henry L. Abbott, USA (Ret.), an 1854 graduate of West Point who went on to serve as a general of Army Engineers in the Civil War. The list of charter members also included Brig. Gen. Charles Dawes, USA (Ret.), who served as Vice President of the United States from 1925 to 1929 and was also Society President in 1928; Maj. Gen. Mason Patrick, USA, the first Chief of the Army Air Corps, the forerunner to the U.S. Air Force; Maj. Gen. George Goethals, USA (Ret.), builder of the Panama Canal; and Maj. Lenox Lohr, USA (Ret.), President of the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry from 1940 to 1968. The list included several distinguished individuals who eventually played prominent roles in the next world war, such as Gens. Douglas MacArthur, Lucius Clay, and John C.H. Lee, who were military governors, respectively, of Japan, Germany, and Italy in 1945. In just one year, SAME’s membership rolls grew to include more than 3,500 members—a list that included people from across the United States and some two dozen other countries, such as France, Germany, Panama, Australia, Brazil, Korea, India, Mexico, Poland, and the Philippines. That figure was impressive, wrote Gen. Black, but “it is not the number of our membership so much as its quality which affords us great satisfaction.” He added that “so representative, able, and distinguished a body of men cannot be otherwise than a power for good in national and human affairs. The voice of the Society of American Military Engineers will receive respectful attention in all matters pertaining to the national defense and the public welfare.”

In the summer of 1920, SAME introduced a new emblem for the organization—and just a few months later replaced it with a revised version. The original design included a shield signifying national defense and representing the idea that “the scope of the Society is nationwide and that it serves no party or clique,” reported TME. It also carried the independent Americanism.” However, the emblem did not have the traditional castle image because that seemed too closely associated with the Corps of Engineers. SAME was intent on reaching out to engineers from other branches and services, as well as from industry, in addition to members from the Corps of Engineers. But a number of the Society’s members objected, saying that a castle had a much broader meaning. They argued that the castle image had been used by the French nental Army during the American Revolution, and had also been included in the coats of arms of some European cities in recognition of their service to sovereign and state. “Better than any other symbol, it appears to represent the practical patriotism of the engineering profession as a whole, irrespective of the arms or branches of the war establishment in which its various members served the nation during the World War,” noted a 1921 TME editorial. The Society Seal adopted in December 1920 did indeed prominently include a castle—and the same insignia is used today, a century later.

Engineers of the 302nd Engineer Regiment repairing a roadway over a trench in France during World War I, along with African American soldiers of the 92nd Infantry Division.

The lithograph process room of the 29th Engineers in Coblenz, Germany, 1918.

The Enduring Value of Collaboration From its inception, SAME was designed to transcend boundaries. Membership was open to people from across the military services—including state militias and National Guard units—and to “civilians of suitable technical qualifications, interested in military engineering affairs.” The goal was to allow civilian and military engineers to learn from one another and broaden their horizons. “The engineer in civil life can learn the practical side of military engineering only by contact and association with those engineers, both civil and military, who have learned the game by actual practice in war or peace,” noted a mid-1920 editorial in TME. “And the engineer in the regular service can avoid the narrow development, which so greatly restricts his usefulness, only by contact with engineers in civil life. Mutual confidence and efficient cooperation are possible only if we are all well acquainted.” That formula was central to the organization, and it would prove to be indisputably effective in the decades to come. Over the course of SAME’s 100-year history, the challenges facing the United States have changed in many ways. The military has been involved in everything from large Depression-era public works projects at home to global conflict in World War II to guerrilla wars, insurgencies, and conflicts in Asia and the Middle East—as well as infrastructure rebuilding efforts in countries around the world and phasezero projects designed to help prevent future conflicts. SAME’s activities have evolved along with those of the military and the challenges to national security. “I have been a member of this Society since its inception,” wrote General of the Army Douglas MacArthur in the mid-1950s. “Its span of years has seen the most remarkable rate of development of civilization the world has ever witnessed. This accomplishment has synchronized with some of the

Early on, the growing importance of enabling military and civilian engineers to stay in touch was clear to many military leaders—including General of the Armies John Pershing, who commanded the American Expeditionary Forces in France during World War I.

A charter member of SAME, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur would go on to lead U.S. troops in World War II and act as Military Governor of Japan after the war.

most acute perils the human race has ever known and overcome. In both categories the engineer has distinguished himself and his profession. Not only in what he has done but in what he has prevented from being done, he has established himself as one of the basic pillars of modern society. I have belonged to many distinguished groups but none in which I have a greater sense of honor than in the Society of American Military Engineers.”

oday, SAME’s activities have broadened to encompass everything from identifying national security issues and solutions to enriching the pipeline of STEM professionals, developing engineering leaders, and increasing infrastructure resilience through energy, water, and cybersecurity initiatives. Yet the Society’s underlying core mission remains essentially the same as it was in 1920: to promote cooperation between government and industry and across engineering disciplines, in order to address challenges to the nation’s security. The founders of SAME believed that World War I was not the “war to end all wars”—and they were right. As they foresaw, the country would continue to need to draw on the collaborative strength of the full engineering community to meet new and complex challenges. This proved to be a valuable insight as the nation saw huge reductions in its military forces between World War I and World War II. With the establishment of SAME, these prescient leaders helped ensure that the United States was, and always will be, ready to meet those challenges. In 1920, TME assessed SAME’s early success, saying, “An excellent start has been made, and the outlook for the future is bright.” Those words still ring true today, as SAME enters its second century of helping the nation’s engineering professionals keep the country safe, secure, and resilient—and always looking toward the future.

IN FOCUS

Chronicling the History of SAME—and Beyond From the very beginning, SAME has aimed to connect people from across the military engineering spectrum. And the Society’s communications efforts—led by The Military Engineer (TME)—have been instrumental in building these connections. TME’s story actually begins before the founding of the Society. Between 1909 and 1919, the Army Corps of Engineers published Professional Memoirs, a technical journal that essentially served Corps members. However, with regulations that limited govthat journal’s future was in doubt. So the Corps donated Professional Memoirs’ assets (basically its printing plant and subscriber list, then worth about $18,000) to a group predominantly composed of Corps members that was forming a new association of engineers. After that group become SAME, it gave the publication a new name and recast its editorial approach to appeal to both civilian and military engineers. In its inaugural issue, an editorial announced, “With this issue Professional Memoirs in a new form and under a new name enters a new era,” and then continued, “It must be an era of greater usefulness than that which has past. We have a more important mission to perform, a larger clientele to whom we must appeal.”

The Military Engineer’s cover contrasted the expediency of rapid military road building with the durability of civilian construction, highlighting the value of both. Inside, articles looked at trenchraid techniques, a new concrete ship, and the potential value of

TME essentially predated the creation of the Society, which meant that “unlike many organizations that begin with a sound idea and people dedicated to get them off the ground, this organization started with a magazine and a ready-made list of potential members who had been subscribers to Professional Memoirs,” wrote Col. Gordon T. Bratz, USA (Ret.), editor-in-chief of TME from 1991 to 2004, in 2008. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to say that SAME took shape in the pages of the magazine, with members contributing pieces that articulated what the Society would be and where it would go.

Prior to the creation of SAME in 1920, the Army Corps of Engineers had published a technical journal called Professional Memoirs. The Corps donated the publication to SAME, which recast its editorial focus and renamed it The Military Engineer.

TME reached out to Professional Memoirs subscribers to announce the creation of SAME, lay out its purpose and mission, and invite readers to become involved. TME provided membership applications and published the Society’s introduced the concept of local Posts as a foundation of the Society, with a mid-1920 editorial urging that “every member of the National Society should promptly join the Post in his locality, if there be one.” The intertwined launch of TME and SAME was ambitious, and by no means a sure thing. But it worked, with a 107-page issue that included a listing of SAME’s members—some 3,600 strong—along with 35 pages of advertising. The magazine “has been a worthy organ of our Society, a strong bond of union between our members. Probably more than contributed to the healthy growth of the organization,” wrote Maj. Gen. William Black, USA (Ret.), President

In late 1945, the magazine looked back on World War II with coverage of the atomic bomb project, the Normandy invasion, and combatants’ comparative engineering

its mission and earned the praise of all who have seen it because it has truly interpreted and represented the spirit of service of the engineer to his country. Its columns have breathed enthusiasm and devotion to duty. No periodical can have a higher aim than this.” TME had succeeded in getting the word out about the new organization and helped put the Society on a path it would follow well into the next century.

A Different Editorial Mission With the goal of reaching a broader audience, TME

cover depicted a depot holding materials for bridging the Rhine.

Many military leaders congratulated SAME on its 30th anniversary in 1950. “The Society, particularly through its excellent magazine, fosters the spirit of mutual understanding and helpfulness, which tion,” wrote W. Stuart Symington, then Secretary of the Air Force. from Professional Memoirs in terms of content and tone. The reasoning behind the publication’s new editorial approach, which holds true a century later, was spelled out in an As the editorial described it, “A ‘memoir’ is a solemn chronicle of a task well done. But a magazine have set before us, should not be a mere archive of technical data and methods. It must be a living thing, pulsating with human emotion and interest. To be instructive, a magazine should be entertaining. The ‘proceedings’ of a technical society,

do not serve the same purpose as a current periodical.” The editorial continued, noting that these proceedings “are in effect archives of technical knowledge, and our journal is not such. Our live human interests and passions, men who are doing things, and not ‘bookworms’ or animated encyclopedias of impractical ideas.” The magazine’s goal, the editorial explained, “is to promote the practienthusiasm of the engineering profession, in the service of the country. It is not a mere recital of technical methods but a bond of union, sympathy, and understanding between all engineers in civil or military life who are desirous that the profession shall be always prepared to render the nation in case of need.” As it turned out, those marching orders guided the magazine’s editorial policy throughout the next century. In its early years, TME often ran editorials and opinion pieces on issues such as military preparedness, isolationism, and international events—in essence, helping the Society and its members better understand the challenges that lay ahead as well as SAME’s role in supporting national defense. During World War II, for example, in order to meet the demand for information switched from a bimonthly to a monthly schedule. After the war ended,TME continued to cover a full range of engineering efforts and topics through the Cold War, Korea, Vietnam, Kuwait, Iraq, Afghanistan, and the

Global War on Terror. Articles often focused on advances in traditional military engineering subjects, such and mapping, as well as dams, highways, and other civil works. Increasingly, this coverage related industry. By the time it reached its 50th anniversary in 1970, TME was well established and clearly successful in enhancing communication and collaboration across engineering boundaries. In marking the oc-

casion, Brig. Gen. W.C. Hall, USA (Ret.), then the editor of TME, wrote, “Not only do the volumes of The Military Engineer contain riches of education, but their articles bring together the work of the military engineers in all the Armed Services and that of industry and civilians in professional practice in support of the National Defense. Useful and timely information has been published, during peacetime military preparedness and industrial develmen on all fronts.”

A July-August 1965 TME article on engineers’ roles in the emerging concept of air assault operations showed an Army CH-47 Chinook helicopter lifting equipment for rapid transport. Such operations, the article said, were expected to be “a ‘quantum jump’ in the Army’s tactical mobility.”

TME’s TME’s Design Shifts Echo Those at SAME During its 100-year history, The Military Engineer has developed alongside the Society’s evolving priorities—and this shift is underscored in its changing cover design. While all three words were originally given equal weight, by the 1940s, “the” had been pushed off to the side, with the emphasis on Military Engineer. In the 1980s, the full phrase again dominated, in a banner across the top. By 1993, however, the emphasis

NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1920

JULY-AUGUST 1933

JUNE 1944

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1956

NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1970

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1973

MAY-JUNE 1985

AUGUST 1989

AUGUST 1993

NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2000

MARCH-APRIL 2009

MARCH-APRIL 2014

Engineer, with Military In 2008, the full title was abbreviated to just the TME moniker, with the original name placed as a tagline below the logo. Cover art treatments moved from journal style to boxed art to full bleed, and from photography to illustration and back. Throughout, the emphasis, the headlines, and the art magazine’s contents, but also the Society’s focuses at the time.

A Grassroots-Focused Philosophy

The magazine also explored new developments in the ever-expanding delving into technologies and practices that had not even existed when TME was launched. In 1970, Lt. Gen. Raymond A. Wheeler, USA (Ret.), SAME President in 1950, marveled at “how well the journal has kept up with the technological advances of the past decades and even led in some of them,” with articles exploring “computers used in engineering design and planning, deep ocean construction and Man-in-the-Sea research, electronics in mapping, the air cushion vehicle, helicopters in support of construction and engineer combat operations, water and air pollution and antipollution programs, laser-optical systems for precise surveys, nuclear power, satellites, intercontinental ballistic missiles, space research, and mapping the moon.” In subsequent decades, the magazine continued to explore new issues and developments, expanding into areas such as infrastructure resilience, government contracting, the realignment of military bases, sustainability, cybersecurity, and humanitarian and recovery efforts. Starting in the 1970s, TME often produced themed issues that focused, for example, on energy, environmental engineering, project management, or asset management. Special commemorative issues also took a deep look at military engineers in World War I and the Vietnam War. As TME ed a grassroots-focused philosophy. “The magazine is designed to be a platform for the members, not just the

national organization, so the editors have tended to work behind the scenes. There’s not a lot of editorializing from the top,” said Stephen Karl, the current TME editor-in-chief. “TME is a vehicle where members and people working in the military engineerAs TME has covered the changing undergone some changes itself. For a period in the mid-century, there were engineering-themed cartoons in The New Yorker, while a highly technical section during Vietnam and afterward, Military Engineer Field Notes, brought the reader straight into the hands-on challenges those in uniform faced downrange. In the 1970s, some issues were intentionally printed with sideways covers—an experiment that was issues appeared in 1975. In the early 1990s, the magazine moved to in-house desktop publishing, which helped cut costs and reduced the lead time needed for the submission of articles and advertising.

Finding More Channels

By the early 2000s, the TME editorial department had evolved into a marketing and communications department, and SAME began using more channels to get the word out. These included an online blog that covers SAME and Post news, podcasts featuring interviews with members, videos, and Facebook and Twitter postings (see page 31). In this growing ecosystem, TME has continued to play a central role, and is seen as a valued source of information for the military engineer-

A 2019 issue featured a wave energy converter off Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Inside, readers could learn about microgrids, energy usage in extreme environments, and fueling upgrades.

TME of military engineering while also highlighting the impact of SAME members and carrying the messages of Society leadership.

the growth of digital channels, that material was put online. Unfortunately, submissions from Posts and engagement with that content declined. So, beginning in 2014, as part of a reemphasis on Posts and championing the impact of members and stakeholders, the magazine enhanced its coverage of member activities, Post programs and events, and related content. The Society News section proved highly popular and grew to span a dozen or so TME’s key role in the life of the Society. “TME is the publication of record, the anchor, for SAME and our members,” said Karl. “If something is published in there today, it will be preserved, and in 100 years, it will do research for our bicentennial.” In heading toward that bicentennial, “we of course want to keep being forward-looking, because engineers are always looking at innovation, making things better, Karl added. At the same time, the magazine will continue its vital role as a record of the Society and the

ing community. The magazine relies largely on voluntary submissions from members and subject-matter experts, yet “we’ve never had a shortage of content—we’ve always had a surplus,” said Karl. “People reach out to us to be in the magazine, often those from the highest levels of engineering and the military.” In the 21st century, the Society continued to strengthen TME, creating a digital version along with online-only content and links to relevant sites—all available to the general public. The

entire TME catalogue going back to 1920 was put into a searchable online archive, making it easy for members ticles. In 2008, the print edition of TME was redesigned with a more open look, and the acronym TME started to be used as the title. Complementing the more broadbased coverage in the magazine, SAME started shifting much of its coverage of the Society and local Posts to a printed bimonthly newsletter in the 1970s. In 2005, given

“TME is really the only living witness to SAME’s history from 1920 to today,” Karl said. “No one is alive from 1920 to tell that story, except the magazine. It has seen it all—the names that have passed through its pages, the words and thoughts of everyone from General Pershing to General MacArthur to Vice President Dawes to President Hoover and all the engineering chiefs of the last century. TME has been a witness to our entire history, and it will be a witness to our future in the coming century.”

Starting in 1978, SAME began to supplement coverage in TME with printed newsletters (right), published in between bimonthly magazine issues. More recently, as the use of digital channels has proliferated, SAME has responded by launching such vehicles as podcasts, e-newsletters, web pages, and mobile apps— expanding what’s proven popular to what’s now possible as a way to communicate with members.

Chapter Two

What We Have Stood For Shaping a Growing Society

With the founding of SAME in 1920, a new organization with clear goals was born, but the Society then had to translate that vision into reality. That meant doing the day-to-day work of building a broad-based, viable organization—one that could connect people, advance military engineering, unite military and civilian engineers around a common goal, and have a measurable impact on national security. Members and leadership alike put a great deal of effort into doing just that. “A society cannot accomplish the purposes for which it was organized until it possesses a strong and influential membership,” noted an editorial in the May-June 1920 issue of The Military Engineer. “Accordingly, the main issue for the Society of American Military Engineers at this time is to build up its membership, and our energies have thus far been devoted almost exclusively to this end. All charter members are urged, at this vital epoch in the Society’s

existence, to lend their best efforts to the accomplishment of the main purpose now before us: that of building up a strong membership as rapidly as possible.” In some ways, this looked like an uphill battle. Much of the American public was in an isolationist mood and wanted nothing to do with what it saw as foreign conflicts. Warren G. Harding had just won the presidency with a call to “return to normalcy”—that is, to the prewar mentality.

MILESTONES

THE SOCIETY TAKES ROOT Despite some isolationist headwinds nationally, the Society grows rapidly, building a a Washington, D.C., headquarters, and expanding to 8,000 members by 1930. A FORUM FOR NEW IDEAS TME asks contributors to ex-

sion that continues today. A BROADER APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP ment regulations limit Army ership, requiring the Society to quickly adapt and opening

MILESTONES

A number of people saw an ongoing need for the have an engineering community with the knowledge and

FACING TOUGH TIMES As the U.S. struggles through

bridges to hydroelectric dams, that strengthen the A RAPID RESPONSE TO WAR As World War II begins,

ness and collaboration has an engineers are called on to respond rapidly to the demands CHRONICLING THE ENGINEERS’ PERSPECTIVE TME members up to speed on engineers’ work in battles D-Day, as well as a growing

Driven by these sentiments, the United States declined to participate in the new League of Nations. Military budgets were being greatly reduced, as was the size of the entire military enterprise. Of course, thousands of military engineers had returned to civilian life and to their jobs at industry firms, railroads, and municipalities. Although that isolationist attitude was widespread, it was not universal. A number of people saw the war not as something to simply forget, but rather as a source of valuable lessons for the future. They saw an ongoing need for the country to be prepared for future conflicts, and especially to have an engineering community with the knowledge and relationships in place to support a war effort, and they found SAME’s mission appealing. The Society’s robust outreach efforts paid off, and membership grew, reaching about 8,000 by the end of its first decade. At its first annual meeting, in early 1921, SAME reported a healthy first-year revenue of $28,371—much of it from TME subscriptions and advertising—and $16,556 in net assets. With a sound financial footing, the Society was able to move into a new headquarters office at 618 17th Street NW in Washington, D.C., on September 1, 1922. Soon after, the headquarters staff invited members “to make the offices of the Society their business headquarters when visiting in Washington.” In addition to being a convenience to members, this was seen as an opportunity for SAME’s leadership to keep in touch with the field: “Drop in to see us. Tell us of your problems with the local Posts, your ideas on the type of articles running in The Military Engineer, or

perhaps of your difficulties with your National Guard or Reserve Organization. By personal contact and the interchange of ideas, the Society will develop along broader and more helpful lines.” SAME attracted prominent individuals from both military and civilian life who lent their leadership talents to guiding the Society. The prominence of these individuals provided a significant measure of credibility to the organization, and their involvement undoubtedly helped bring in new members. The Society’s first President, Maj. Gen. William Black, was widely known for his role as Chief of Engineers in World War I. The Presidents who followed him during the period between the wars included, among others: • Brig. Gen. Cornelius Vanderbilt III, USAR (1926), Army Reserve general during World War I and grandson of American business magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt. • Charles Dawes (1928), Nobel Peace Prize recipient who was Vice President of the United States while simultaneously leading SAME (see sidebar, page 35). • Samuel Morse Felton (1929), a railroad executive who, as Director General of Military Railways, had played a key role in organizing the American railway units in World War I. • Maj. Gen. Mason Patrick, USA (Ret.), (1930), Army Corps of Engineers, first Chief of the Army Air Service in World War I, whose later efforts helped pave the way for the creation of the U.S. Air Force in 1947. • Col. Albert Perkins, USA (Ret.) (1935), who was president of four railroad companies during his career.

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER

The Vice President President SERVING BOTH THE SOCIETY AND THE COOLIDGE ADMINISTRATION • J. Monroe Johnson (1940), Assistant Secretary of the Department of Commerce in 1935 and later Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission. • Rear Adm. Ben Moreell, USN (1941), the first Staff Corps officer in Navy history to attain four-star rank, who also helped found the Navy’s Seabee construction units (see sidebar, page 36). • Vice Adm. R.R. Waesche, USCG (1944), the first officer to hold the ranks of Vice Admiral and later Admiral in the U.S. Coast Guard, and who served as SAME President while holding the position of Commandant of the Coast Guard.

Charles Dawes the United States.

tion. When World War I broke out, he was

and in October 1918, he was promoted to brigadier general. During his years in France, the general purchas-

Staying the Course While early SAME leaders often came from the Army Corps of Engineers (four of its first seven Presidents were current or retired Chiefs of Engineers), that changed in 1931. At that point, the Army Appropriations Act passed by Congress prohibited Army personnel from having a national leadership role in an organization that was directly tied to advertising income, which presented a potential fiduciary conflict of interest. TME, which was an asset of the Society, did earn advertising revenue. To keep themselves and TME compliant and aboveboard, Army officers walked away from SAME leadership positions at the national level for upwards of two decades. (Then, as now, Army personnel could still be volunteers, and they continued to hold leadership positions at Posts.) Those changes presented SAME with some significant potential challenges, but the Society was emphatic it would stay the course under the new rules: “It is hereby formally announced by the Executive Committee of The Society of American Military Engineers that the publication of The Military Engineer will be continued as it has been in the past,

Dawes gained national attention—and a lasting nickname— when a congressional committee questioned him about ing to a Senate report, Dawes responded by saying, “Helen Maria! I will tell you this, that

tioning him, he said, “Your committee cannot “I am against that peanut politics. This was

Dawes’s congressional testimony earned him the nickname “Hell’n Maria Dawes.”

episode, he instantly became known as “Hell’n the Coolidge administration. When his term

A F O C U S O N P R E PAR E D N E S S

The ‘King Bee’ AS THE FATHER OF THE SEABEES, MOREELL CREATED A POWERHOUSE Rear Adm. Ben Moreell,

Corps, launching a distinguished three-

ness, Moreell was concerned about the

During World War I, Moreell was stationed dry docks there, and launched construction -

Batuimus

Construimus,

and that the advertising in the magazine will not be affected in any way by the above mentioned legislation.” Both TME and SAME would indeed continue to thrive. The Society adapted to the new rules, which eventually had a positive impact on the organization, as they opened the door to having more leaders come from branches of the services beyond the Army, as well as from the civilian world. This fit well with the Society’s interest in having a broadbased membership focused on leading collaboration. In the late 1950s, the restrictions on Army personnel serving in leadership roles were rescinded, and in 1958, then-Maj. Gen. Emerson Itschner, USA, Chief of Engineers, became SAME President. This began a long line of Engineering Service Chiefs serving as SAME President—a trend that would continue until another game-changing federal regulation was issued in 2010, forcing SAME to once again reexamine its leadership structure. Three decades after SAME’s founding, Brig. Gen. Gilbert Youngberg, USA (Ret.), the Society’s second National President in 1922, pointed to the importance of SAME’s distinguished, steady leadership in its early years. “I have watched the growth of The Society with much satisfaction and pride,” he wrote, “fully realizing, however, that its record of achievement has been attained only by the earnest unselfish efforts of its now long line of presidents, secretaries, and other officers, supported and counseled, as they have been, by boards of uniformly distinguished directors.”

Building a Forum for Military Engineers Long before the Pearl Harbor attack, Moreell saw the danger—and acted.

SAME was established in large part to foster cooperation and dialogue between government organizations and the broader engineering community. From the beginning, it aimed to include engineering professionals from across the services and several technical fields. In the first issue

U.S. Navy Seabees accompany actress Susan Hayward after she Seabee Queen, at Camp Rousseau, Port Hueneme, California— the Seabee training camp —in November 1943.

In its March-April 1935 issue, TME covered the “extensive preliminary engineering and economic studies” involved in the construction of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, including a map showing its relationship to both cities (top right) and a sectionalized drawing of the center anchorage (bottom right).

Ethel Bailey, Pioneer As military engineering became an increasingly a central part of its mission was to support free discussion and of TME in 1920, on the opening pages, SAME’s founders explained that “eligibility qualifications for membership in the Society” would be “drawn on the broadest possible lines,” adding that the key requirement for membership was simply “an interest in the national defense” and a “sound military policy.” Military engineering was becoming an increasingly multifaceted and far-ranging field, and the Society recognized that a central part of its mission was to support free discussion and debate and tackle topics and issues that spanned a variety of domains and evolving concepts.

n a 1920 call for article submissions, TME told potential contributors that “we need accounts of new and unusual things, new schemes, new difficulties encountered, or new ways of overcoming old troubles.” That same editorial explained that “the aim of this journal is to promote the practical efficiency, the solidarity, and the enthusiasm of the engineering profession in the service of the country. It is not a mere recital of technical methods but a bond of union, sympathy, and understanding between all engineers in civil or military life who are desirous that the profession shall be always prepared to render the most efficient possible service to the nation in case of need.” In the ensuing years, the magazine and the Society embraced that broad mandate and explored a wide range of issues. In addition to descriptions of projects and discussions of engineering practices, members could read about the training of engineers, historic military leaders, military campaigns, public policy, and the intricacies of govern-

ment contracts. In an era of industrial and technical innovation, they could learn about evolving engineering tools, techniques, and emerging technologies. While much of the public had largely lost interest in overseas affairs, SAME members were keeping an eye on the global stage, reading articles on everything from the steel industry in India and engineering challenges in China to railways in Siberia, the Cuban military, and Argentina’s highways. TME played an essential role in facilitating a wideranging discourse that supported the Society’s mission and became a kind of melting pot that brought together ideas from a wide breadth of perspectives. Contributors were engineers from military and civilian life and included many World War I veterans who offered firsthand field accounts of their war experience and the lessons they had learned. A significant number of prominent leaders also shared their perspectives, including Secretary of War John Weeks and Maj. Gen. John Lejeune, USMC, Commandant of the Marine Corps. Well-known golf course architect and British military engineer Alister MacKenzie—whose work included the Augusta National Golf Club in Georgia—wrote about advances in military camouflage. Henry Wallace, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, offered comments on national defense and forestry policy. And in 1924, Herbert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce at the time, examined the potential coordination of electric power generation and distribution across New England and the mid-Atlantic states. (President Hoover joined SAME in 1935 and remained a member until his death in 1964.)

hen Ethel Bailey, a mechanical engineer, joined SAME in 1926,

female member. Born in 1896, Bailey had become interested in radio and motorboats in high school, and during World War I, she was an aircraft inspector with the Signal Corps, working on Liberty-12 airplane engines as well as bombers and transport planes. After the war, she studied at the Michigan State Automobile School in Detroit and at The George Washington University. When World War II broke out, she worked on radar equipment at the Signal Corps Radar Laboratory and for the U.S. Navy, later moving to the Raytheon Manufacturing Co. When the war was over, she eventually went on to work in the Department of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she developed spectroscopic equipment. Bailey died in Massachusetts on July 5, 1985, at the age of 88.

During World War II, TME documented the work of engineers at home and abroad, including this group rebuilding a port in Normandy following the D-Day invasion. Coverage of the war dominated the September 1944 issue. Articles looked at engineers’ work in the British offensive in North Africa, the in Italy, and the experiences of including combat. “Brought ashore primarily to build roads, a battalion of United States Army Engineers accomplished that and a lot more,” said a report on the U.S. attack on the island of Bougainville. Their work included “construction of 21 miles of an all-weather, multiplelane highway, much of it cut through high, narrow ridges hundreds of feet above the tidal plain. “But it was the job done ‘in addition to their other duties’ which brought the highest praise,” the report continued. When a Japanese counterattack struck a spot known as Hill 700, “units of the Engineer Battalion went into the line with the Infantry. Some never came back, and many others were wounded, but when the battle was over, Hill 37th Infantry Division.”

The Society’s emphasis on wide-ranging dialogue established a model that continues today. The security and resilience of the nation was—and is—a complex issue. The inclusion of many perspectives has been a touchstone for SAME, and the key to keeping members and the country on the leading edge of military engineering advancements. Today, that interaction of different fields and disciplines can be seen in the Society’s focus on bringing people together from military and civilian life, and from across the A/E/C profession, to have a significant impact on national security.

Peace, the Depression, and a Return to War In the years between the world wars, the United States enjoyed relative peace. But military engineers—and SAME members—found that their skills were needed on numerous public infrastructure projects, from roads to airports to tunnels. In the pages of TME and at Post meetings around the country, members reported on projects such as Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam), the San FranciscoOakland Bay Bridge, the Grand Coulee Dam, the Lincoln Tunnel, and the Overseas Highway in the Florida Keys. Flood control became an especially prominent issue. In 1927, floodwaters covered more than 16 million acres in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Congress responded with the Flood Control Act of 1928, giving the Corps of Engineers responsibility for implementing a comprehensive system of outlets, floodways, rivers, dams, and levees. Just eight years later—in the wake of another devastating flood—Congress passed the Flood Control Act of 1936, which the Corps later called “one of the most important events in the history of the Corps of Engineers.” For the first time, Congress said flood control was a proper activity of the federal government. During the Great Depression, the federal government

was also interested in hydropower projects that could provide both low-cost electricity and employment. Under the New Deal, enacted in 1933, the Corps was involved in a number of hydropower projects, including the Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River and the Fort Peck Dam on the Missouri River—the largest dam in the world when it was completed in 1940. Maj. Clark Kittrell, USA, a SAME charter member who served as a Corps of Engineers District Engineer on the Fort Peck project, noted that “no engineering job of this magnitude had ever been attempted with so short a time for planning.” Like the country as a whole, SAME felt the shock and dismay of the Depression and high unemployment nationwide. Between 1929 and 1934, membership dropped by more than half, to about 3,500. Society discussions and articles often considered how the nation should respond to the crisis and how industry and government could partner on large public projects to create jobs and improve infrastructure. The familiar Army engineers’ motto, Essayons, or “Let us try,” was especially appropriate during this difficult time, as military and civilian engineers jointly pursued numerous public works projects. The motto also described the mindset of millions of Americans looking for opportunity. They needed work, and the numerous infrastructure projects conducted under the New Deal meant that the nation needed their labor—giving people a critical chance to “try.” The military engineering community played a key role in making those projects a reality. As the 1930s progressed, political events in Europe began to loom large in the public mind. The rise of aggressive totalitarian governments in Germany, Italy, and Japan raised the specter of a forthcoming large-scale conflict. While isolationism and non-interventionism had by no means disappeared, many U.S. leaders were thinking about what it would take to wage the next war, and mil-

Building the east powerhouse at the Grand Coulee Dam in 1942.

C O N N E C T I N G PA S T, P R E S E N T & F U T U R E

Leadership: In Our DNA DEVELOPING LEADERS FOR THE PROFESSION societies, our demographics count military leaders to share with the membership at the national and

tomorrow’s leaders—to both the Society and the

to help strengthen both the nation and the proand that demands on leaders had changed as

and ran camps designed to expose college stu-

as much change as we do today. Technology and

and leadership.

cial intelligence, machine learning, climate change,

ing a more systematic approach to such programs,

necessary to sustain a secure nation underpinned

the year 1920.

to bring together disciplines and sectors, build trust

When SAME was established, SAME’s Leader Development Program, Class of 2019.

the Society has been able had recently honed their leadership skills in World War I. And they shared a strong sense that the coun-

resource—its members’ own -

Society “has always held a leaders and, unlike other

Staying Vigilant

itary budgets were once again growing. SAME members kept up to date on the country’s industrial capabilities, the availability and importance of critical materiel, the need for rapid mobilization, and the steps that were being taken, or needed to be taken, to bolster preparedness. The prescient thinking of the Society’s founders in 1920 that there “will be a next time” was being proven right.

s the threat of war grew, so, too, did SAME. Until the mid-1930s, the majority of members had an Army Corps of Engineers background. But 1936 saw an increasing number of board members who were senior Navy Civil Engineer Corps officers, and in 1937, the Society’s first Navy President, Rear Adm. R.E. Bakenhus, USN, was elected. At that point, more Navy and Marine Corps officers started to join SAME, as did other civilian and military personnel concerned about national preparedness. Through the latter part of the decade, membership was growing again, reaching about 6,500 by 1939. It continued to grow with the outbreak of World War II, and by 1944, the number had skyrocketed to 20,600. When the United States declared war on the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, military engineers quickly found themselves involved again on every front. Within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, they were solidifying fortifications at other overseas bases— and that was just the beginning. Over the next few years, military engineers were involved in projects and actions in every corner of the globe, from the Philippines and

the Solomon Islands to the Aleutian Islands, North Africa, and France. They constructed new bases at home and abroad. They built bridges, railways, and roads— including a 1,700-mile highway connecting Alaska to the lower 48 states. They repaired and established ports and facilities. They cleared minefields and beachheads. They demolished infrastructure to impair the enemy’s movements. And they fought alongside the infantry of the Army and the Marines and as part of the Navy’s Seabees. A 1943 War Department field manual for engineers summed it up: “You are going to make sure that our own troops move ahead against all opposition, and you are going to see to it that enemy obstacles do not interfere with our advance. You are an engineer.” Many were trained as combat engineers and played key roles in an array of historic battles, including Guadalcanal, D-Day, the Battle of the Bulge, and the series of Pacific Island landings that led U.S. forces to Japan. TME recounted the experiences of the 238th Combat Engineers, which was typical of many units. In Europe, the 238th followed closely behind advancing tanks to open routes for the infantry. “They landed early in the morning on D-Day and participated in every operation of the VII Corps from that day until the end of the war,” the magazine reported. Sometimes they fought as infantry on the front line. At other times, they helped keep the offensive moving forward. As the 238th raced across Europe, it “probably built more military bridges in combat than any other comparably sized military unit in the history of the United States Army.”

uring much of the 1930s, the Depression was top of mind for the country and for SAME members. Still, the Society maintained its focus on preparedness. Starting early in the decade, TME contributors were offering insights into everything from the growing threats posed by Germany and Japan to industrial mobilization and the training of more engineers. Members also kept close track of what the changing nature of neering. As World War II began, a 1940 TME editorial looked at lessons learned from the German attacks on Poland and France: “It is evident that machines, ground and air, are dominating the war and, therefore, in its conduct a larger percentage of engineering forces is employed than in any previous war.” The editorial noted that “there is vital need for ever-increasing forces of engineering troops in the combat areas. Serious thought must be given to this question of engineering forces in our preparedness and defense plans.” SAME’s years of fostering industry-government collaboration and military engineering readiness would help ensure that the country was prepared.

The report also depicted one of the 238th’s most disturbing actions, when it came upon and liberated the MittelbauDora concentration camp near Nordhausen, Germany.

Keen Observers, Active Participants

A World War II recruiting poster emphasizes the dual role that combat engineers play.

SAME members continued to be involved in a number of key—and often evolutionary—innovations. They worked in areas ranging from aviation and meteorological forecasting to securing the supply of strategic materials such as chromium, platinum, and aluminum—a topic covered extensively in a 15-part TME series. Rear Adm. Ben Moreell, USN, as Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks (and SAME National President in 1941), helped create battalions of military-trained civilian engineers who could build and fight, leading to the formation of the Seabees (see sidebar, page 36). SAME members were also closely involved in the country’s atomic energy efforts. As Brig. Gen. William Rose, USA (Ret.), SAME National President in 1945, wrote, “Our scientists and engineers have taken the lead in the atomic energy development and know more about its present status and its future potentialities than all the rest of the world together.” Throughout World War II, SAME members were not only active participants, they were keen observers of what was happening and the seriousness of what it meant, and they regularly shared what they were learning with one another. In 1950, Vice Adm. John Manning, USN (Ret.), former Chief of the Navy Civil Engineer Corps, and outgoing SAME President, looked back on the organization’s first three decades: The “service which The Society has offered in providing a forum for the interchange of ideas on engineering developments cannot easily be measured,” he wrote. “We know only that the analyses of problems, the stimulation to thinking, and the practical advice which we have gained through it have been invaluable in our profession as engineers and officers of the Armed Forces.”

IN FOCUS

The Services The Society’s Long-Lasting Military Roots The Society of American Military Engineers encompasses a tremendous variety of people and organizations, and members often point out that in spite of its name, one does not even have to be a member of the military to belong. Indeed, many are not. However, the military has always played a central role in the Society. The close involvement of the uniformed services makes SAME unique, and it is this involvement that is key to the Society’s distinct mission of helping to ensure national security. To a great extent, SAME is what it is because of its relationship with the military. Today, all the uniformed services are engaged in one way or another. While their involvement ranges from leading Posts to presenting at conferences to authoring articles, they all collaborate with SAME members, partners, and other stakeholders

Woven In From the Beginning When SAME was founded, the military provided a vital nucleus of committed members who were inherently skilled at organizing, motivating people, and setting and achieving goals—traits that would enable them to quickly expand

(From left to right, top to bottom) Representing eight major uniformed services, the seals of the U.S. Army, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Coast Guard, the U.S. Space Force, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (formerly the Coast and Geodetic Survey), and the U.S. Public Health Service.

used to print The Military Engineer was donated by the Corps, and the Professional Memoirs

tices and acquisition methods.

intentionally designed to transcend the boundaries between the ser-

better understand the small busi-

Constitution noted that membership was open not only to the Army,

quickly grew it into the annual Small

which select the honorees and then

erations, and the ongoing challenges

TME

(Top) As noted in The Military Engineer, the Army’s Engineer Special Brigade “earned a reputation of being among the best trained troops at the theater” during World War II. Here they are performing an unloading operation at Lingayen Gulf in New Guinea. (Above) Combat engineers repair a bridge for a waiting convoy in South Korea, 1950.

at heart, the military has remained a

pare to meet tomorrow’s challenges in -

meet their needs. That’s been espe-

and in some ways was strengthened. a result, that work does not always -

the general marketplace that big Army -

leaders to work with the Society as

and collaborate with the right partners.

engineering commands, bringing greater depth and continuity to their -

ner, especially with small businesses, is

hold other leadership positions in a

know more and more about the Coast its mission, design, and construction

Relationship

relationship, the link between the seras the Society. The military’s need to

ing the engineers’ world. That was

TME, “during peacetime military prepared-

understanding potential partners’ shaping acquisition strategies. With the interactions made possi-

War, the Cold War, and the present

important to military engineering in all

(Top) A Marine engineer removes a shoebox mine in Vietnam, 1965. (Above) Tents for Air Force personnel set up by engineers in Bosnia, 1997.

roads, maps, shore installations, and been made in materials, methods, processes, and equipment used in

typically participate in “Contractors

systematically to their present state in

concert with contractors and are able

Hall’s sentiments can be applied -

Keeping Communications Channels Open

agencies speak, present, and publish

presented the branch’s strategic direction and outlined the way ahead

esprit de corps,’ mutual respect, and

insights, and background. For exam-

brings together the military and the

ers, training center commanders, supporting contractors, and other -

neer Operations Course that is run

and Marines to build an understand-

(Top) U.S. Navy Seabees consulting plans in the desert. (Above) Rear Adm. Mark Handley addresses Seabees assigned to the 30th Naval Construction

problems and the technical solutions

collaboration and ad hoc problembetter outcomes on the ground. In

TME

the engineering capacity which The

out how he managed it. He explained, -

our engineers the exposure to experiences and opportunities that TME.

As the Society approached its

exposure to engineering techniques Departments other than our own. We

continue our technical education and

neers and industry with the ability to crosswalk challenges and solutions— as a whole and exposing the military engineer to current industry stanIn the 100 years since a small relationship between the Society

(Top) Public Health -

in an Ebola unit in Liberia, 2014. (Left) Upgrades at Coast Guard Homeport Key West to support new Fast Response Cutters. (Above) USACE commanders participate in an SAME event.

World War II, which I had the great honor to command, were ardent and

support, commitment, and coopera-

Chapter Three

When We Have Served The Expanding Role of Engineers

The United States emerged from World War II as the most powerful nation the world had ever seen in both military and economic terms. Americans were entering an era of prosperity that saw a great many of them buying homes and new cars, starting families, beginning college educations using new GI Bill benefits, and embracing consumerism. Beyond its shores, the country quickly took center stage in global affairs. Soon, however, the Soviet Union acquired nuclear weapons and built up a sphere of influence and control behind the infamous Iron Curtain, becoming a large threat to Western Europe and the free world. The result was a world with two adversarial superpowers—and a Cold War that would be central to national defense for decades. The United States responded to this changing geopolitical landscape with several significant changes. The country established a peacetime draft—a recognition of the need for a standing force that could be deployed quickly

in a world where a monthslong mobilization was no longer an option. And the National Security Act of 1947 restructured the country’s military and intelligence organizations, unifying the services by making the Joint Chiefs of Staff a permanent group and part of the National Military Establishment under the Secretary of Defense—a structure designed to enhance joint planning and operations. This was a revolutionary change for the services, but not for SAME. As an organization, the Society had taken a “unified” approach to the services from the beginning, with members coming from all branches of the military as

MILESTONES

A GROWING OVERSEAS FOOTPRINT While the U.S. enjoys unprecedented prosperity, the Cold War brings new challenges— and the country establishes an international leadership presence to meet global threats. EXPANDING THE KNOWLEDGE BASE As the1950s progress, SAME helps members keep up with changing technologies, from nuclear energy to lasers and stronger efforts to address looming shortages of engineering talent. BUILDING FOR PEACE In the Cold War battle to win “hearts and minds,” U.S. military engineers pursue more civil works around the world—the beginning of today’s international infrastructure efforts to

MILESTONES

NEW APPROACHES TO WAR’S ENGINEERING CHALLENGES The Vietnam War requires the structure—often in remote, hostile locations—prompting the introduction of Air Force combat engineering units and the extensive use of civilian contractors working in-country. REDOUBLING OUTREACH TO INDUSTRY With the private sector playing a growing role in national security, SAME steps up efforts to reach the broader A/E/C community in the years after Vietnam. By 1989, Society membership reaches 30,400, its highest level in nearly four decades. ONE ERA ENDS, ANOTHER BEGINS As the Cold War ends, the nation and SAME are called on to tackle new threats to national security, from terrorism and political instability to infrastructure resilience and climate change.

Issues emerged that would drive SAME’s programs for years and that remain on its agenda today, from staying on the cutting edge of technology to engaging engineering professionals in national security. well as civilian life. As individual professionals, members were naturally open to such cooperation. “An engineer’s training develops in him an objectivity which causes him to realize that he is working in a common cause which is best epitomized by saying that we are all working for the welfare of our nation and our fellow men,” Rear Adm. R.E. Bakenhus, USN (Ret.), a former President of the Society, wrote in 1950. “A unified command and the achievement of a true cooperative spirit is the direct result of the recognition of our common heritage and our common goal.” These comments clearly echoed the principles laid down by SAME in 1920, when it called for a broad-based membership that transcended traditional boundaries between engineering disciplines and the private and public sector. As the second half of the century unfolded, however, SAME encountered a number of trends that called for different approaches. Several issues emerged that would drive programs for years and that remain on the agenda today: the importance of keeping engineers on the leading edge of rapidly changing technology; the expansion of the role of military engineers to encompass civic, nation-building, and humanitarian work; and the critical need to continuously engage all types of engineering professionals in helping to ensure national security.

A Growing Emphasis on Civic Action The Cold War was an era of great tension, but to a large extent it was relatively peaceful—with some significant ex-

ceptions—as the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, avoided direct armed conflict with each other. Nevertheless, American military engineers remained busy around the world. In the wake of World War II, they could be found rebuilding infrastructure in Germany, Japan, and other war-torn nations. They built overseas facilities to house, train, and supply the vast numbers of troops stationed around the globe—in locations ranging from Japan, Korea, and the Philippines to Libya, Morocco, Greenland, and several countries in Europe, where U.S. troops would be required to provide significant support to NATO over the course of more than 70 years. This expanding overseas presence led to a growing number of international SAME Posts. More fundamentally, it illustrated how much the country’s view of its role in the world had changed from the isolationism of the 1920s to the continuously evolving demands of post–World War II requirements. In the 1950s and beyond, military engineers were also put to work helping people in a wide range of countries improve their lives. As a 1959 report in TME explained, “Friendly nations of the free world possess enlightened military forces that can do much more than carry a gun that may not have to be fired. They also carry a hoe and know how to use it.” The report continued, “In the ever-changing phases of the Cold War, the guidance and encouragement to friendly nations is no less necessary than it was when purely military considerations were predominant.” Conflict in this era often involved insurgencies and guerrilla warfare, putting the world’s superpowers in a struggle

A H O M E AWAY F R O M H O M E

Four Decades at Century House for the “hearts and minds” of people in various nations. As a result, the engineer’s civic programs took on strategic importance. In underdeveloped countries, poverty is often a driver of discontent, and “it is this very poverty which offers such scope to the Army engineer, for he, with his rifle near at hand, can bring the people what they want more than anything else—a restoration of orderly life, security, and a real hope of increasing prosperity,” noted a 1963 article in TME. “And because they can see soldiers in uniform doing things which are patently to their benefit, their whole attitude towards soldiers can change from one of fear to one of friendship. And then the war is on the way to being won.” This kind of civic work was not new to American military engineers, who had been involved in everything from the early mapping of the country to the building of its roads, railways, and canals. But in the second half of the 20th century, the United States took this role to new levels and extended it to the international arena. In a 1965 SAME civic action symposium, held at the Society’s 45th annual meeting, participants heard about efforts underway, including teams providing adequate water supplies in Ethiopia, Greece, Guatemala, and Morocco; training local personnel in geologic surveying and forest firefighting in Mexico; and helping organize military air transport into a civilian air service serving 80 small towns and villages in Bolivia. As one Army general noted, “Engineers are drilling wells in Vietnam, building a major highway in Thailand, developing mappers in Ethiopia, teaching equipment maintenance in Peru, and training an engineer company in Mali. All three military services are involved.” Through SAME, members followed such developments over the decades, from Korea to Vietnam, Kuwait, and Iraq. In TME, they read about major civil projects overseas, such as the repair of hydroelectric dams, the rebuilding of bridges, and the construction and rehabbing of airports. They followed numerous accounts of smaller civic and human-

In the decades after it was founded, SAME leased space in the Washington, D.C., area for its national headquarters. In 1980, it purchased a building in Alexandria, Virginia—the Century House—that would be the Society’s home for the next four decades. An 1848 Victorian townhouse that had tury House was purchased for $745,000. The Society took out a 15-year mortgage, but with contributions from members, that was paid off in 1988, seven years ahead

Contributions from members allowed SAME to pay off the mortgage in its entirety. of schedule. “Society members voluntarily paid every cent of the debt, so when members visit ‘their home’ today, they do so in a very literal sense,” noted SAME’s Executive Director Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.), in 1990. Century House remained SAME’s headquarters until the Society put it on the space elsewhere in Alexandria.

In January 1957, removing obstacles to travel in the Suez Canal—such as sunken vessels—was part of a UN operation led by Lt. Gen. Raymond Albert Wheeler, USA.

Second Tour of Duty Civil projects became a growing part of the military engineer’s role. This would evolve from rebuilding in the

itarian efforts, where a relative handful of engineers could have a large impact in assisting countries that were lacking viable and sustainable infrastructure. In 1951, for example, Army engineers built a sports center for the town of Wilhelmsfeld, Germany. At a celebration of the completion of the project, “not only the sportsmen but the entire population thanked the American soldiers for the big work which, with the employment of all technical means, had been accomplished within an amazingly short period of time,” reported a German newspaper. “The cordial friendship which existed during these weeks between the population and the American soldiers is perhaps most touchingly expressed by the children’s tears shed when the soldiers said goodbye.” Civil projects became a growing part of the military engineers’ role. This work would evolve from rebuilding in the aftermath of conflict to a more preventive approach, where dams, bridges, and other infrastructure would be built before there was a conflict, potentially alleviating some of the economic and social challenges that generate tension—a preemptive effort seen in the phase-zero projects that the United States started conducting in the early 2000s.

Science, Technology, and New Demands During World War II, military and civilian engineers were involved in one of the most complex and far-reaching engineering efforts ever: the Manhattan Project. Within months

of the atomic bomb being dropped on Japan in August 1945, SAME members were reading about the development effort—and the widespread but top-secret collaboration it required—in a firsthand account from Maj. Gen. Leslie Groves, USA, who was assigned oversight and responsibility for the entire endeavor. In an introduction to the piece in TME, the editors noted that “the Society of American Military Engineers has a peculiar interest and responsibility in these activities because of the very important contribution which many of its members have made in the design and construction of the first plants and in the conduct of the first earth-shaking experiments in which the practicability of atomic energy generation has ever been demonstrated.” In the years to come, many SAME members continued to be involved in the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy—as well as numerous other innovations that were finding their way into the broader engineering fields and society as a whole. These included not only new tools and technologies, but also methods for managing complex projects involving partners from a variety of disciplines and technical fields. Indeed, in the years following World War II, there was a growing recognition that scientific and engineering innovation was vital to national security, leading to the expansion and advancement of technology in many fields. The requirement to keep up with rapidly changing technology became an important aspect of the military engineer’s career. This need for continuing education was part of SAME’s mission, and the Society provided a platform for explor-

hen Maj. Lenox Lohr, USA (Ret.), became SAME President in 1954, he was charged with heading up an organization that he had helped get off the ground three decades earlier. A 1916 Cornell mechanical engineering graduate, Lohr joined the Army, received a Silver Star in World War I, and served with the Corps of Engineers for 13 years. He was Executive Director and TME editor from 1922 to 1929. When he assumed the dual role, “the room, in which were crowded piles of correspondence, old magazines, membership records, and heterogeneous supplies. Bookkeeping was elementary were in a precarious condition,” TME reported. Under Lohr, memput on a sound footing, while the Society “achieved a position patriotic enterprises and in the cause of national defense.”

T H E FA C E O F AM E R I C A

Strengthening the Nation Through Better Roads A CROSS-COUNTRY GOODWILL TOUR IN 1919 UNDERSCORES A CRITICAL NEED, ADDRESSED BY MID-CENTURY program ever undertaken in the U.S., and in the ensuing years, it represented a major effort for the country and its engineers—including a number of SAME members. Construction was expected to take 13 years. However, between the huge scale of the project and the need to come up with innovations in everything from paving materials to bridge design lenges that emerged in some local jurisdictions—the on additions and short gaps has continued. The Interstate Highway System was a success not only from a civil engineering perspective, but also for the nation as a whole, as the roadways tied the country together as never before. In his memoirs, Eisenhower wrote that “more than any single action

In 1919, a convoy of some 80 military vehicles set off from the White House, heading for the Presidio Army base in San Francisco—a trip designed in part as a test for the vehicles and in part as a goodwill tour. Along the way, the group, which included a young Lt. Col. Dwight Eisenhower, USA, encountered rough roads, inadequate bridges, steep grades, and deep mud. The trip took 62 days, underscoring the commercial and military need for better highways. SAME members were increasingly becoming aware of this issue. By the late 1940s, many highways were not up to handling the burgeoning number of passenger vehicles—or the potential military demands that might be placed on the nathe movement of troops and military supplies to war establishments, and of raw materials to production plants, will be impeded in the event of another war,” wrote Thomas MacDonald, Commissioner of the Bureau of Public Roads, in TME in 1949. In the 1950s, many observers were pushing for a

more comprehensive approach to highways. That included President Eisenhower, who had become a strong proponent of a better highway system, in large part because of his experience with the 1919 convoy, along with his exposure to the German Autobahn during the war. As Lt. Gen. Eugene Reybold, USA (Ret.), wrote in a 1955 TME piece, “In recognition of what he terms the ‘appalling inadequacies’ of the network of highways, President Eisenhower has called on the Nation to come to grips with the problem and to invest enough in new construction in the next 10 years to give the country a

(Top) Artist’s rendering of a highway interchange. (Above) Federal highway map, circa 1958.

The country did come to grips with the problem the following year, with the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, which authorized construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways. The project would become the largest public works

by the government since the end of the war, this one would change the face of America. Its impact on the American economy—the jobs it would produce in manufacturing and construction, the rural areas it would open up—was beyond calculation.”

ing, discussing, and advancing new technological developments. As one might expect, the 1950s saw extensive discussions about atomic weapons and nuclear power, but members also learned about jet planes, hovercraft vehicles, new plastics, and the complexities of the first live telecast of a presidential inauguration. As the years progressed, new topics constantly emerged, from lasers to night-vision technology and on to computers and cybersecurity. Discussions also covered less dramatic but still important innovations, from new methods of color separation for map making to civil engineering challenges in Arctic and Antarctic climates, advances in pre-stressed concrete, and even improvements in the design of nails. Along the way, SAME members had an inside view of the Space Race, which led to some of the century’s greatest and most significant scientific and engineering achievements. American military engineers played key roles in developing an early understanding of rocketry and built a number of NASA test and launch facilities, including Cape Canaveral and the huge buildings needed to house the spacecrafts used in the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs. SAME members followed a number of other innovative and challenging efforts as well: the construction of the Distant Early Warning Line in the Arctic, the building of airfields in remote locations to support strategic bombers and a global air force, a network of missile silos and facilities, and the Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River, for example, as well as the decades-long creation of the Interstate Highway System’s 48,000-plus miles of roads. With this range of technological advancements and project requirements, military-civilian cooperation became all the more critical. SAME continued to foster that dialogue through articles, papers, symposia, and national and Post meetings. In the mid-1950s, the Society sponsored several

As construction of the Interstate Highway System got underway in 1956, Missouri award a contract for work.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower was a proponent of industrygovernment engagement in support of national security and of one of the country’s most ambitious civil engineering efforts, the Interstate Highway System. These views made him a supporter of SAME as well.

major Military-Industrial Conferences that brought together public- and private-sector organizations to discuss defense-related issues. (See sidebar, page 60.) These events were highly successful and drew attention to both the issue of national defense and SAME. Prior to one of the conferences, President Dwight D. Eisenhower wrote to the Society: “We can continue to maintain adequate defense and furnish adequate military support for the rest of the free world only so long as we continue our leadership in the exploitation of technological advances which already have provided us with new and superior weapons. The Military-Industrial Conference, sponsored by the Society of American Military Engineers, provides an ideal development of a sound program for maintaining our technological superiority as a means of preventing war.”

ollaboration was going international during this period as well, and in the pages of TME, Society members reported on a range of civilian-military efforts taking place around the world. In 1958, Lt. Gen. Raymond Albert Wheeler, USA (Ret.), former National President of SAME (1950), described his experience overseeing United Nations efforts to clear the Suez Canal. The canal had been intentionally blocked by sunken ships and other obstacles during the Suez Crisis, and the clearance was expected to take a full year (see page 54). In an effort that used “crews from half a dozen different countries, speaking half a dozen different languages, and using different salvage techniques,” teams would “work together on the same wreck and write new salvage history,” Wheeler wrote. “Four months from the day the UN survey team reached Egypt, the canal was clear,” he concluded, noting, “Although the Suez clearance operation has been characterized as a unique engineering experience, in a wider sense it is hoped that the experience will prove not to be unique. It need not be an isolated case but can be, rather,

John Glenn and his Mercury capsule lift off from Cape Canaveral in February 1962.

the first of many examples of international teamwork.” That hope was to be realized in the coming decades, as U.S. military engineers, international firms, and, later, industry contractors and others collaborated on projects around the world—and continue to do so today.

Bringing Knowledge to Combat As before, engineers in the second half of the 20th century had to apply their growing range of knowledge to the harsh realities of war—and they often found themselves deeply involved in the fight. In the surprise enemy attack that started the Korean War, for example, engineer units joined the hard-pressed and outnumbered infantry in delaying actions as the UN troops withdrew to the south. A contemporary account in TME described some of these events: “Engineers, as such, lost their identity. They were combat troops, the final reserves of desperate divisions with no reserves. They left their equipment in the rear and fought side by side with infantry battalions. One engineer battalion, with a tank company attached, was given a task force mission to defend a 35,000-yard front between two divisions. An engineer company, the reserve of the reserve, was ordered to counterattack at a gap where an unopposed enemy was pouring through. They charged with fixed bayonets, firing from the hip, disorganized the enemy and threw [them] into a rout—and returned to find no chow. Every man of the kitchen train had left his stove to join the fight.” When U.S. troops again returned to the offensive and drove the enemy back, the engineers rebuilt roads and bridges, cleared minefields, and at times were called upon to mop up enemy strongpoints that had been bypassed by the infantry—all while continuing the ongoing work of keeping troops housed, supplied, and on the move. “When I visited Korea last fall, the magnitude and complexity of the tasks performed by our engineers was apparent,”

A V I TA L B A S I C E L E M E N T

Tapping Into a Broad Range of Perspectives THE IMPACT OF THE SOCIETY’S MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCES supply lines and into actual combat. It is indescribably vast and complex. In this age of fearful destructive capability and strange

annual Military-Industrial Conference, in 1955.

As part of its mission to foster preparedness and industry-government collaboration, SAME organized four annual Military-Industrial Conferences in the 1950s. These brought together experts from the private and public sectors to discuss critical national security issues of the day, deep into the Cold War. power for National Defense,” was held in 1955. More than 1,100 people attended the two-day program, which featured papers, panels, and speakers. An address by Army Corps of Engineers Maj. Gen. B.L. Robinson, USA, looked at the challenge of ensuring that the nation had enough critical engineering talent available—an issue that has continued through to today. He noted that “engineering is one of the vital basic elements in successful warfare or successful defense. It extends over the entire range of military operations, from mobilization and training to the establishment and maintenance of

maintenance of adequate military defense— which means the maintenance of its essential engineering component.” In the following years, SAME’s MilitaryIndustrial Conferences explored “National Survival in the Atomic Age,” “Engineering Total Peace,” and “The Role of Commerce and Industry in the U.S. National Strategy.” Participants frequently touched on another recurring theme in the Society’s history: the multifaceted nature of defense and the breadth of expertise it requires. “This is an era when a ‘cold warrior’ must understand the interplay of military-industrial power with science and sociology, diplomacy and international law, propaganda and political warfare, and the mass psychology of cultures alien to our own,” national security expert Frank Barnett told the attendees. The conferences were a big success, drawing participants ranging from governleaders to educators, scientists, and technology experts, and earning praise from President Eisenhower. Looking back at these highMaj. Lenox Lohr, USA (Ret.), former President of the Society (1954), wrote, “Through the annual Military-Industrial Conferences has gained additional national prestige and branches of industry, education, and governera when it has become increasingly evident the establishment of national policies should be the concern of others in addition to the Departments of Defense and State.”

said Francis Matthews, Secretary of the Navy, at SAME’s 1951 annual meeting. “Under circumstances which made every day an emergency, and which gave planners and technicians no rest or respite, channels were cleared for the movement of our forces over every kind of terrain. A great deal of this work had to be done under enemy attack, without adequate tools or equipment, and always with the greatest display of ingenuity, initiative, and efficiency.”

n the 1960s, U.S. military engineers were once again at war, this time in the very different guerrilla conflict of Vietnam. That country had little infrastructure, and the engineers were used extensively to build housing, roads, forward bases, and communications networks. In remote, rough terrain, moving troops against the enemy typically required engineers to first clear landing zones or access routes. As Gen. Harold Johnson, USA, Army Chief of Staff, wrote in TME in 1967, “Combat engineers with forward elements have cleared uncounted numbers of helicopter pads to make air mobility available when it is needed to support combat maneuvers. Many times the engineers have had to put down their tools and use their rifles when the enemy tried to stop their work.” A key development during this period was the creation of two Air Force engineering units. The first, Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force (Prime BEEF), started in 1964, provided civil engineering support to Air Force operations. The second, a year later, Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer (RED HORSE)—were selfsufficient, highly mobile combat engineer units equipped to quickly repair and build airfields. Both groups were used extensively in Vietnam, adding another dimension to the Air Force civil engineers’ motto of “Can Do, Will Do.” As always in a combat zone, the engineers had to develop innovative approaches to solving problems. They found ways to quickly replace enemy-destroyed bridges, construct

runways, and clear jungle bases and protective areas of vegetation. They often used the “Rome plow”—an armored tractor with a two-ton sharpened blade that could cut down trees close to ground level—to clear 100-yard-wide swaths near highways to discourage enemy ambushes. One of the more unusual missions fell to the “tunnel rats.” These teams of specially trained combat engineers cleared out underground enemy complexes. As SAME members learned through the pages of TME, these engineers developed innovative techniques for destroying tunnels—blowing acetylene in and igniting it, for example, or mixing tear gas and other riot-control chemicals with explosives to make it difficult to reuse collapsed tunnels. Often, innovation meant making do with what was at hand. When members of the 26th Engineer Battalion were clearing mines from a road, they did not have mine detectors that could find the non-metal explosives used by the enemy. “Our backup was using a 5-T dump truck as a ‘pressure testing’ device,” Lt. Col. Wendell “Buddy” Barnes, USA (Ret.), then a lieutenant with the 26th, and later the 100th SAME National President (2019), recalled in a special Vietnam commemorative issue of TME in 2016. “We would remove the ‘headache,’ canvas driver compartment cover and lay the windshield down, then fill the bed with soil, driver compartment and hood with sandbags. The driver would back up the truck while sitting on the hood, weaving back and forth to cover as much of the road surface as possible.” With the need to build so much infrastructure in a relatively short time frame, far from the United States and often in remote areas, contractors played a key role in the Vietnam War. For example, when the Navy saw the scope of effort needed, it enlisted the help of a large joint venture that eventually included Raymond International, MorrisonKnudsen, Brown and Root, and J.A. Jones. From 1962 to 1972, this group, known as RMK-BRI, built six ports, six naval bases, eight jet airfields, hospitals providing 6,200 beds,

14 million square feet of covered storage, 1,600 miles of paved road, and housing for 450,000 Vietnamese servicemen and their families. The Vietnam War was the first in which civilian contractors took on a major construction role in an active combat zone, marking the start of what would become common practice, with U.S. civilian engineers tackling projects alongside the military in conflicts around the world. With civilian and military engineers working side by side in-country, it was not long before SAME followed, and Posts were set up in locations such as Saigon, Cam Ranh Bay, and Da Nang.

Issues Change, the Mission Remains In the years following Vietnam, the tensions of the Cold War eased somewhat, although they did not disappear completely. With the winding down of the war in the early 1970s, Society membership and engagement declined from

Members of the 820th Civil Engineer Squadron RED HORSE bolt together panels of galvanized steel to make an arch for an aircraft shelter under construction at Da Nang AB in South Vietnam, October 1968.

C O N N E C T I N G PA S T, P R E S E N T & F U T U R E

Making a Successful Transition PREPARING SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS FOR THE A/E/C INDUSTRY FDR signs the GI Bill, June 1944.

portunities in the private sector, continued to offer assistance and guidance to transitioning veterans. In time, SAME saw an even greater opportunity to support those who have given so much. With the Global War on Terror, the nation saw a growing stream of returning veterans, many of them with

Mossey, USN, then SAME President, noted that at least 500 engineers in the four military services had been awarded the Purple Heart since 9/11. The just within our engineering community,” he wrote, noting that “they represent only a fraction of the young men and women returning from overseas duty as wounded warriors.” The issue, Mossey said, “is one where I believe we, as a Society, are unique-

After World War I, many returning veterans struggled to transition to civilian life, and later, the Great Depression left even more of them unemployed. The need for government aid for veterans became part of the public debate. The end of World War II brought the issue to a head, as more than 10 million veterans left the service in just a two-year period. The federal government responded to the issue with the GI Bill, which provided valuable assistance—and demonstrated that investing in veterans During that postwar era, TME reported on veterans’ right to return to their previous jobs, government transition programs, progress in muchneeded housing construction, and access to Veterans Affairs hospitals. It also ran an “Opportuforces commissions, civil service positions, and employment in industry. In the ensuing decades, government continued to offer assistance to veterans—but SAME recognized leaders in the A/E/C community, including Col. Ed Gibson, USA (Ret.), whose 21 Delta Search helped

2012, SAME established a Wounded Warrior Task Force, which led to the Society and its Posts raising donations and working actively with a number of wounded warrior organizations. SAME quickly built on those activities, creating a Warrior Transition Task Force to help returning veterans readjust to civilian life. This was directly taken on in response to a request from then-Army Chief of Engineers Lt. Gen. Tom Bostick, USA, for SAME to support this important need. In 2014, Col. Tony Hofmann, USA (Ret.), launched a Veterans Transition Workshop at the Greater Kansas City Post. “I was appalled at the unemployment rate of our enlisted personnel at the time,” he said. “It was double the national average. I thought, We’ve got to do better.“ These workshops paired SAME members who had successfully made the transition with returning veterans with similar military experience. Many Posts throughout the Society instituted veterans support programs of their own, including some that adopted the model Greater Kansas City had started.

As it turned 100, SAME was offering a national Transition Workshop & Job Fair and other networking opportunities, and it worked with the military to help ensure that servicemembers’ military coursework would translate to private-sector needs and to professional credentialing requirements. SAME’s approach provided development opportunities to individuals while they were in the service, allowing them to begin earning business-relevant credentials and the individual. Later, it also helped ensure that companies were able to leverage the knowledge and experience of these individuals. The need for these programs will continue in SAME’s second century. Recognizing their importance, the Society in 2019 created the Gibson Veteran Transition Medal, which recognizes efforts to help veterans enter the private sector. The goal of preparing servicemembers and veterans for industry was embedded in the 2025 SAME Strategic Plan as well, helping to ensure that the Society will continue to assist veterans and help harness their knowledge, service, and experience for the country.

Col. Ed Gibson, USA (Ret.), (right) has long provided transition support to veterans.

SAME had to rethink the way it engaged the broader military engineering community. That meant increasing its focus on the civilian side and boosting 1969 to 1974. In response, SAME redoubled its recruiting efforts, which included providing guidance to Posts on how to market themselves and reach potential new members. This work paid off, and membership steadily increased. The effort continued through the 1980s, and membership steadily increased once again. By 1989, SAME membership had climbed to a new peak of 30,400—the highest since 1962. That success was based on more than recruiting, however. In order to grow, the Society had to adapt to changes taking place in defense and military engineering in general. The civilian sector was playing a more important role, and that only increased with tighter government budgets and the need to meet a growing range of complex challenges. The Society had to rethink the way it engaged the broader military engineering community. That meant increasing its focus on the needs and requirements of the private sector and boosting efforts to engage the A/E/C industry. A key component of this approach was the renewed effort to grow the rolls of Sustaining Members. In 1978, SAME President Lt. Gen. John Morris, USA, Army Chief of Engineers, set a strategic target to grow Sustaining Members. TME reported that the effort “will provide a base for further expansion, provide further strength to the Society by increasing its numbers, and improve the Society’s financial posture.” The magazine added that “General Morris sees the Sustaining Member firms as the tie between active Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and other Service Engineer elements. This ‘partnership’ provides a peacetime base which can rapidly be expanded and mobilized during emergencies.”

Morris’s plan put a renewed focus on the Sustaining Members program that would prove to be highly effective. TME would run a series of “Profiles of a Sustaining Member” to highlight companies, and the Society published an annual “Gold Book” Directory of Sustaining Members through much of the 1980s. The emphasis on Sustaining Members and their role in effective industry-government engagement quickly paid off. In 1977, the Society had 295 Sustaining Member companies; by 1981, that figure had jumped to 853. By the end of SAME’s first century, Sustaining Members numbered around 1,600. Over the years, Sustaining Members have contributed greatly to the success and effectiveness of the Society, providing financial support, valuable expertise, and closer communication with the private sector (see page 89). Through the 1970s and 1980s, the changing focus of the Society was reflected in the range of issues that became part of its discussion of military preparedness. Articles, meetings, and Post activities covered topics relevant to the A/E/C industry as well as the military, from increasing productivity in construction to cost accounting, dealing with energy shortages, overcoming budget reductions and economic downturns, and repairing the nation’s infrastructure (an issue that remains a national priority). With the evolution of the field of military engineering, TME began offering an annual feature in 1975 in which the Engineering Chiefs from the uniformed services provided their perspectives regarding ongoing and upcoming engineering challenges, which served to keep the A/E/C commu-

In the 1970s, TME kept members up to date on accelerating developments in technology and engineering. The NovemberDecember 1977 issue, for example, offered reports on everything from pavement evaluation methods and earthquake safety in buildings to dredged-material research and making better use of underground space in architecture. Several articles provided a forward-looking perspective on engineering efforts. One piece explored “Military Engineer Equipment for the 1980s,” while another looked at the potential opportunities for American A/E/C companies in Saudi Arabia as that oil-rich nation expanded its infrastructure. Meanwhile, a preview of the upcoming NASA Space Shuttle program—and a cover showing the shuttle Enterprise being tested over the Mojave Desert in California—provided a glimpse of the craft that would fully,” noted TME, “the Space Shuttle program will have as many technological spinoffs as previous U.S. space projects”— which did indeed happen as the program progressed.

A New Threat nity up to date on the military’s priorities. In the 1980s, the Society established a number of task forces it charged with providing forward-looking assessments of issues of interest to SAME’s civilian as well as military members. That same year, TME deliberately increased its coverage of multidisciplinary topics, such as techniques for effective technical writing, human resource management, and leadership development, as well as the traditional technical articles and project reports—all designed to help readers become more well-rounded engineers.

n the late 1980s, SAME members were ahead of the curve in sounding the alarm

tions of the country’s declining infrastructure—an issue that is equally relevant and challenging today. In 1987, a TME article traced the roots of the problem to Cold War priorities overshadowing the need to invest in everyday assets. “The nation’s infrastructure has suffered because recent priorities have ignored the essentials,” it said. “After the launch of Sputnik cast a shadow over U.S. prestige, the nation focused on higher goals. A society driven toward the moon overlooked some down-toearth prerequisites in highways, airports, and other vital public works.” Increasingly, SAME turned its attention to improving the resilience of the country’s infrastructure—a multifaceted issue integrate disciplines and organizations in the search for solutions.

n 1976, Adm. Ben Moreell, USN (Ret.), former President of SAME, noted that the term “military engineering” is often “used too restrictively to denote only those engineering works which serve purely military purposes.” Speaking at the Society’s 56th Annual Meeting, he said that “modern military engineering requires a broad knowledge of all facets of engineering technology, as well as many areas of applied science. No other branch of engineering makes so many demands on its practitioners. In addition to his purely professional expertise, the military engineer should be proficient in largescale organizational, administrative, and management procedures. In times of war or other major emergencies, he may well be called upon to organize and direct military and civil activities of great variety and complexity.” The “cross-pollination” of ideas remained a key for the Society. In 1977, SAME President Seymour Greenfield noted, “If our profession is to continue meeting the needs of a changing world, we have to be more than engineers.” Instead, he said, “today’s engineer, especially ‘The New Military Engineer,’ must be skilled in a variety of disciplines in order to be able to deal effectively and intelligently with the myriad of problems facing us today.” Pollution, the environment, and eventually climate change emerged as critical issues in this period. In the ear-

ly 1970s, the National Environmental Policy Act and other legislation brought significant change to projects, requiring planners to evaluate their environmental impact. SAME members worked together to understand how to adapt engineering efforts and to make changes to the project delivery pipeline that are still in effect today. That began a long and challenging effort that would continue into the coming decades. In 1989, SAME’s annual theme was “Environmental Enhancement Through Military Engineering.” Despite progress made in environmental protection, “we face even greater future challenges which will fully test our technical, political, and community relations skills,” wrote Rear Adm. Benjamin Montoya, USN, the Society’s President. The year’s theme “provides a framework through which we may explore the role and interrelationships of the military, civilian, and academic sectors in responding to the increasingly complex challenge of environmental protection.” These issues were emerging at a time when traditional threats were subsiding but new ones were taking their place. It was clear that SAME members would need to tackle new issues while remaining prepared for defense—that is, to be ready to carry both the “hoe and the rifle.” Time had continued to pass. Change had continued to come. And SAME had continued to evolve. Still, the notion of bringing people together to ensure a stronger engineering profession to support national security was as relevant and critical as the day the Society was founded in 1920. In this world, the words of Gen. Omar Bradley, USA, reported in TME in 1951, still rang true: “Accomplished in science, we have created the atomic bomb. We would gladly trade it for a genuine course of righteousness in the world today. Acknowledged victors in the art of war, we would trade all military power for a century of peace. But no easy trades are on the market. We must earn the righteousness we seek and the peace we desire. And our labors have just begun.”

IN FOCUS

Posts: Making the Local Connection Where to Meet Your “Fellow Patriots”

Shortly after SAME was founded, it called for the formation of Posts to bring people together at the local level. “These Posts will furnish the medium for personal contact and association between our members, without which our Society cannot be a virile, living organization,” said an editorial in The Military Engineer that summer. “You will want to meet your fellow patriots—they are the best of good fellows—and so you should join the local Post, if there is one in your locality.” The idea caught on quickly, and by the end of the year, 16 Posts were in place across the country. Posts provided a familiar “face” for the Society, making them an effective tool for increasing membership during the early years. But it soon became clear that they could do much more. They could play a vital role in increasing preparedness and fostering collaboration between military and civilian engineers, providits name recognition in the major cities and engineering hubs of the country. In the fall of 1920, The Military Engineer provided a forward-looking glimpse of

(Top) Heald Engineering College receives its SAME Student Post Charter from the San Francisco Post, 1973. (Above) Members of SAME’s Greater Kansas City Post sponsor a squad from a local military installation in 2019.

(Clockwise from top left) Washington DC Post members gather with speakers and winners in front of a winning entry in the Post’s Science Fair in March 1965. A Corps of Engineers technical liaison points out water features to student Post members during a tour of Texas ports in 1963. More than 400 people participated in the Huntsville Post’s 1984 “Engineer’s Run.” In 1963, the Rose Polytechnic Institute Engineer

Posts, Volunteers, and the Life of SAME that broader vision: “Many of the Posts have fully emerged from the formative stage and have entered upon programs that are not only interesting and instructive to their members, but that will eventually contribute something well worthwhile to the War Department’s plans for the national defense.” In the following decades, SAME’s network of Posts grew. In essence, SAME went where it was needed through its Posts, with locations opening and closing as the demands of national security evolved. (For a timeline of Post openings, see page Posts were established, the Society had more than 100 Posts, along with Student Chapters and Field Chapters, in more than 40 states and around the world, including Bahrain, Qatar, Italy, Spain, Korea, Guam, the United Kingdom, and Honduras. As TME predicted, the Posts have expanded their efforts dramatically to provide value to their communities and the nation—and have become the backbone of the Society.

Ever-Broadening Horizons

Each SAME Post is different because each is independent and tailors itself to meet the needs of local members, partners, and communities. Although activities and initiatives vary widely, they all focus on strengthening engineering and related sciences and helping to bring engineering and STEM-related professionals together from across disciplines and sectors. In 1920, it did not take long for the new Posts to launch a variety of initiatives. Early Post programs included presentations by military leaders discussing the development

defenses, and the importance of engineering units cooperating with other branches of the service. One Post toured a cement plant; another voted to buy tickets for injured veterans to attend the upcoming Army-Marines football game. That was just the beginning, of course. The scope of Post activities

SAME’s Posts provide many opportunities to volunteer, and every year members spend thousands of hours on everything from mentoring returning servicemembers and young professionals to addressing industry groups, participating in readiness planning, holding engineering competitions, cleaning up parks, and running food drives. But Posts—and SAME as a whole—offer another type of volunteering opportunity: a chance to play a key role in keeping SAME itself up and running. SAME is a volunteer organization. With only a small paid headquarters staff, it is governed and operated by volunteers—and their involvement has always been the Society’s lifeblood. “The vitality of the Society is totally dependent on volunteers: people who give their skills, energies,

the growing role of the United States on the global stage and of SAME’s growing reach and impact. As TME local Posts discovering new and fertile opportunities for making use of their special skills and for enhancing the stature of the profession.” By the mid-20th century, TME offered lengthy highlights of Post activities, and a sampling of projects from that era underscores the breadth of work being done at the local level. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Chicago Post invited more than 100 high school students to SAME’s Fifth National Military-Industrial Conference; the Denver Post sponsored a Disaster Planning Conference that brought together 55 local businesses and government agencies; and the Canaveral Post in Florida helped students create their own spacecraft tracking station—with equipment designed by one of the students—which they

a purpose and to conduct activities so as to perpetuate the organization,” said a TME report in 1995. Post leaders are volunteers who organize events, form partnerships with other organizations, handle administrative duties, and perform a range of tasks that keep their local Posts not just functioning throughout the year, but providing real value to their members. In addition, regional and national leadership is made up of volunteers. SAME’s President is a volunteer, as are its Vice Presidents and Board of Direction members. Volunteers form and run Communities of Interest, sit on committees, review papers for presentations at SAME national conferences, moderate educa-

John Glenn’s Mercury capsule in 1962. The list goes on to include everything from joint meetings with other engineering organizations to producing technical reports, working with ROTC units, and running review courses for Overseas, Posts were highly active as well. The London Post, for example, sponsored a monthlong U.S. visit

tional sessions, and develop the Society’s strategic plans. In 1953, The Honorable John Volpe, then President of the Society, wrote about SAME’s committed membership: “In one way or another, we are all builders. We realize that the strength of a building depends upon the strength of its foundation. With the cooperation of every member, we can continue to build solidly.” mental philosophy. As Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.), SAME’s 2017 President, wrote in TME in 2018, “As a 100 percent volunteer organization, it is our collective responsibility to ensure the time we commit generates tremendous value for our individual members, our Sustaining Members, our Posts, our military, and, most importantly, our nation.”

A Flexible Global Network

The demands of national security are global, and in 2020, SAME had 15 international Posts and Field Chapters in operation. Over the years, many more have come and gone as missions evolved, including throughout Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War (above). For example, to support construction of the King Khalid Military City (KKMC) in Saudi Arabia, a Post was established in 1980. In less than four years, it had become the third-largest SAME Post in the world. With the project nearing completion, the Post’s future was limited. As TME noted in 1984, “Being faced with this fact does not dampen the spirits of members of the Post; rather it increases their resolve to become the shortest but brightest star in the Society’s history.” Posts with brief lifespans have often had a big impact. In 1991, Air Force and Navy engineers involved in Desert Storm received a provisional charter for a Northern Iraq Post. But, said the requestor, “hurry, because the word redeploy could be used at any time.” That Post closed in a year—but in its short existence, members provided beddown support, repaired bomb-damaged runways, and provided housing, water, and sanitary facilities for displaced civilians.

discussions with the U.S. Air Force. The Tehran Post was honored by the Iranian government for its work constructing an addition to a well-known clinic—including the installation of plumbing thrown in free of charge by one of the Post’s construction company members. And the Okinawa Post was recognized for its work on more than 70 projects in the Ryukyu Islands, including water and power systems, drainage, roads, and the construction of a steel smelting and rolling plant. Then as now, a good portion of Post work centered on motivating the nation’s youth toward an interest in engineering. The growing number of youth programs and student Posts “augurs well,” former SAME President John Volpe wrote in TME in 1960. “It is one thing that our 113 local posts are active and virile, programming in tune with the breathtaking developments in the international military world; far more important is the fact that we associate ourselves together with the younger potential military engineers of tomorrow, those who will bear the brunt of the defense of our great country when and if an aggressor strikes a blow at America. It is a demonstration of our national strength and unity.” Posts took students on tours of manufacturing plants, military bases, dams and aqueducts, and even science and engineering fairs and competitions. They started scholarship programs—an effort that proved to be so successful that by the end collectively providing students with more than $1.1 million in funds. Posts would continue to be in-

volved in a varied and evolving lineup of activities, and by SAME’s Centennial, individual Posts could be found working on infrastructure projects, operating youth STEM programs, helping wounded veterans, meeting with local partners to tackle engineering issues, and volunteering in community service. The range of Post activities impactful Streamer Program.

Strength in Structure

Each Post has its own unique strengths and characteristics, often based on proximity to military bases or its membership makeup. Some are largely Army-focused, while others are centered on the Navy, Air Force, or Coast Guard, and some have a government members. But it has become increasingly clear that the whole Post network, and the way it was structured, was itself a powerful asset. In a very real sense, SAME’s Posts are more than the sum of their parts. Posts engage individual members, maintain trusted relationships with local stakeholders, and tackle problems facing their members, partners, and communities. A high percentage of the actions taken by SAME are pursued through the Posts, where solutions and lessons learned can be implemented quickly and effectively. At the same time, the Posts are backed up by the national organization, which can provide targeted expertise through its Communities of Interest and other programs and work with military and government leaders to address larger issues. A third, intermediary level—the 17 SAME regions— can help coordinate efforts across Posts in their respective geographical

In 2019, SAME members and Posts reported that they…

■ Volunteered 4,630 hours

assisting veterans and wounded warriors. ■ Gave $139,829 to veteran outreach efforts. ■ Contributed 11,504 hours to community service work. ■ Spent 17,251 hours on STEM engagement, reaching 28,621 students. ■ Donated $653,238 toward STEM activities. ■ Sponsored 423 students to attend SAME camps.

areas while helping to facilitate communications between Posts and the This approach can be especially effective in fostering industrygovernment engagement (IGE) by allowing the national and regional levels to help Posts tackle IGE issues “on the ground” while providing a channel for incorporating frontline insights into the national agenda. For example, in 2019, when the Tulsa Post held an IGE Workshop on cost engineering for military construcwere relevant at a national level and could not be addressed locally. The topic was taken up at a CEO Roundtable at SAME’s Federal Small Business Conference. There, government and industry leaders discussed the problem and agreed to form a working group to further explore the issue and help reform project delivery. By 2020,

(Top) Members of the Milwaukee Post visit the Great Lakes Training Station in 1959. Behind them is a Navy hospital under construction. (Left) Backed by sponsorship from their local Posts, students at the SAME/U.S. Air Force Academy Engineering & Construction Camp learn construction techniques, in 2010. (Above) A camper is presented with an award at the SAME/U.S. Army Engineering & Construction Camp in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 2010. Funding for campers is provided by local Posts, Sustaining Members, and other businesses.

on improving cost engineering within federal projects and training was being developed that could be shared through SAME’s Post network. The Post geographic structure lends itself to increased readiness and resilience as well. In the event of a natural or man-made disaster, Posts can provide local teams and knowledge while coordinating with the rest of SAME. The Society recognized this in the 1980s with its FAST START initiative, which called for Posts to assess and list the capabilities of their corporate and public agency Sustaining Members that could be utilized during national emergencies. “Its value stems from a better appreciation of local disaster requirements, military and civilian engineering capabilities, and the procedures for using those capabilities,” wrote Maj. Gen. George Ellis, USAF, then SAME President, in a 1988 TME article. The value of FAST START’s being able to draw on Posts’ ready-made local teams was clearly demonstrated by later events. After the deadly bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995, area Post members quickly mobilized under FAST START to offer of the blast, members of the SAME Oklahoma City Post began contacting one another, many of them from

TME. Those members then reached out to nearby emergency agencies, and “in the days that followed, many Post individuals and Sustaining Member

(Top) the San Antonio BEST Robotics Competition. (Inset) A robotics event sponsored by the Minneapolis-St. Paul Post.

In following years, local Posts would be called on to assist with response

efforts in the wake of other disasters, including numerous hurricanes, torAs SAME approached its Centennial, the organization took several steps to tighten the links between with the goal of further empowering Posts in their numerous endeavors. In 2015, SAME President Col. John as “one Society of vibrant Posts that are relevant locally while contributing to a common national direction.” SAME established a database

detailing successful Post programs to enable Posts to easily share best practices. The Academy of Fellows refocused its efforts on helping Posts and translating national direction into clear actions they can take. Posts were also asked to report annually on how their activities tie into the Society’s strategies and goals for its second century: strengthening industry-government engagement, building and sustaining resilient communities, developing leaders for the profession, enriching the STEM pipeline for the nation, and prepar-

ing servicemembers and veterans for the A/E/C industry. SAME’s Posts had come a long way in 100 years, but they also had held close to their original purpose. At a fundamental level, they were still following the marching orders given to them when they were launched and enabling “personal contact and association between our members.” Now, as in 1920, the connections made through Posts are helping members to learn from one another and build the foundation of trust that is key to effective collaboration.

(Top) At its annual banquet, in January 2020, the Anchorage Post recognized recipients of the Brig. Gen. Benjamin B. Talley Scholarship Endowment Fund. Established in 1997, the fund, by 2020, had provided $256,000 to university students who had applied through the Anchorage Post. (Inset) The Anchorage Post Charter, signed by Benjamin Talley in 1941.

Chapter Four

How We Have Changed

A Different World—and a Reinvigorated Society

At the start of the 1980s, the United States still faced its longtime adversary, the Soviet Union, which had just invaded Afghanistan. But by the end of the decade, the Berlin Wall had come down, and in 1991, the Soviet Union was dissolved. Democracy, it seemed, had won. But peace remained elusive. Though the Cold War was over, conflicts continued. The bipolar U.S.-Soviet world of the past four decades gave way to a more fragmented landscape that saw the U.S. military involved in areas ranging from Kuwait and Iraq to Serbia, Syria, Somalia, Uganda, Panama, Kosovo, and Afghanistan. The United States had to contend with a complicated and rapidly evolving environment, at times facing large national armies and at other times fighting insurgents, terrorists, and other elusive adversaries. The military would be involved in everything from conflicts in the Balkans to fighting alongside coalition partners in the Gulf War and pursuing the long War on Terror, which

included the invasion of Iraq and operating in remote regions of Afghanistan. The world was fast becoming a perilous place where threats could arise quickly and unexpectedly, and the ability to respond with speed and precision became increasingly critical. In this environment, the focus on supporting national defense gave way to the more comprehensive concept of ensuring national security. Threats could exist in isolated regions halfway around the world or, as the events of 9/11 showed, close to home. Terrorist cells and acts of domestic terror could emerge with little or no warning. For engineering professionals—and SAME members—securing

MILESTONES

A MAJOR CONFLICT ENDS; PEACE STAYS OUT OF REACH The end of the Cold War did not mean the end of war, as SAME members become including the Gulf War’s action in Kuwait, the invasion of Iraq, and the wars in the Balkans and Afghanistan. COLLABORATING FOR NATIONAL SECURITY As the nation shifts from a national defense mindset to the broader concept of national security, SAME reemphasizes IGE through conferences, strategic partnerships, and local Post activities. TERRORISM STRIKES HOME The 9/11 attacks demonstrate that terrorism has become a sophisticated threat not limited by boundaries—and prompts the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

MILESTONES

TAKING THE FIGHT TO THE ENEMY In the Global War on Terror, U.S. military and civilian engineering professionals operate in force protection and combat and in civil infrastructure projects to improve the lives of everyday people and attack terrorism at its roots. CONTINUING TO REACH ACROSS BOUNDARIES With national security issues demanding broad perspectives, SAME strengthens its efforts to include more technical disciplines and increase individual and professional diversity. CHANGE BEGINS AT HOME In response to changing regulations covering the role organizations, SAME adopts a new governance model, putting it on a stronger foundation for its second century.

As the country’s security needs evolved, SAME evolved with them. It expanded its perspective to encompass a broader range of issues and to keep pace with the changing needs of the military and the nation. the nation meant more than victory on the battlefield. It also meant rebuilding war-ravaged areas to support economic and political stability, responding to natural and man-made disasters around the world, and, increasingly, protecting the country’s domestic infrastructure—from dams and waterways to electricity grids, financial systems, and buildings—in an era of terrorism, cyberwarfare, and climate change. As the country’s national security needs evolved, SAME evolved as well. The Society expanded its perspective to encompass a broader range of issues. It began offering a growing portfolio of programs. Ultimately, it transformed itself to keep pace with the changing needs of the military and the nation. Through it all, there remained a core appreciation of the importance of building relationships across boundaries and disciplines (and often at the local level through SAME Posts), relationships that continued to be key to the adaptive and enduring nature of the Society.

Casting a Wider Net From an engineering perspective, ensuring national security is a complex challenge that requires a multitude of skills and points of view. With that in mind, SAME looked for ways to involve more types of professionals and strengthen its focus on inclusiveness. This was not an entirely new direction: The Society had been established to transcend traditional boundaries between civilian and military engineers, as well as the barriers between the various service branches.

But as the 20th century came to a close and a new century unfolded, SAME redoubled its efforts on this front. For example, SAME created a new Sustaining Members category in the late 1950s that opened the door to including private-sector companies more fully in Society activities, including governance and strategic direction. As the complexity of national security grew, so, too, did the importance of having such companies share their expertise with military and public-sector engineers. This brought more private-sector leaders into influential roles within SAME and helped foster greater collaboration with their government partners. As TME reported in 1990, “Without their collective talent, loyalty, involvement, and support, neither the Society nor the national defense of America would be as strong as they are.” Starting with just 12 companies, the Sustaining Member rolls grew, and as SAME neared its Centennial in 2020, the group included about 1,600 organizations. While most of these came from private industry, this group included a number of universities and state and local agencies that typically worked with Posts in locations where there was not a large federal or military presence. The focus on inclusiveness also saw more women joining the ranks of SAME. When the Society was founded, membership was open to virtually all engineering professionals interested in national defense. Nevertheless, SAME was initially an all-male group that reflected the makeup of the military and, to a large extent, the engineering profession of the day. That changed in 1926, when

(Top left) Cyberwarfare operators assigned to the 275th Cyber Operations Squadron of the 175th Cyberspace Operaintelligence feed for daily watch. (Bottom left) Seabees board a helicopter in 2009 on their way to undisclosed locations in Afghanistan, where they would be building Special Forces camps. (Above) In 2011, as the small Minnesota town of Oslo the North, Minnesota National Guard soldiers from the Moorhead-based 2nd Combined Arms Battalion, 138th way for residents to come and go during the emergency.

Jane Penny: “Have fun!”

n 1983, Jane Penny, SAME’s

her boss “voluntold” her to attend -

an executive at the AECOM infraAs National President, she

lenges of this country and secure a solid future for its citizens,” she

Ethel Bailey became SAME’s first woman member (see page 39). As a function of the times, that number stayed low for some time—but the number of women in the engineering profession and in SAME grew steadily, if slowly, over the years. In 1977, Pearl Burke, an engineer and geologist with the Army Corps of Engineers’ New Orleans District, became the Society’s first female Fellow, and a year later, she became a National Director of the Society. Then, in 2015, Jane Penny became the first woman to serve as SAME President (see sidebar at left). Although SAME membership was open to them, women often had to meet the other challenges that were part of being pioneers in their own professions. In 2015, Suzanne DiGeronimo, in accepting the SAME Academy of Fellows Golden Eagle Award, recalled being told in the early 1970s that married women could not go to architecture school, enter construction sites, or use the main entrance to attend a business meeting at a traditionally male club. But, as she profoundly said, “I didn’t know I shouldn’t or that I couldn’t”—words that could apply to many other pioneering women in the A/E/C profession and in the military engineering ranks. DiGeronimo would go on to found her own architecture firm and play a prominent role in both her industry and at SAME. (See sidebar, page 77.) By 2017, based on available data, about 18 percent of SAME’s members were female—a higher percentage than in the uniformed services and on a par with the engineering, architecture, and construction professions. However, as Capt. Michael L. Blount, USN (Ret.), then SAME President, wrote, “You may say ‘mission accomplished.’ Not so—we are still not properly represented by 51 percent of the population!” To increase the involvement of women and others in the Society, he said, SAME was “reaching out and looking to level the playing field, finding those who might not ‘self-advocate’ and pointing them to leadership opportunities.” He added that the Society was “driving for

better mentorship and leadership across the board, especially in our underrepresented groups. We are advocating for stronger and more open succession plans, in which diversity is acknowledged.” Shortly after those comments were made, SAME established a Membership Community of Interest to further identify, encourage, and advocate for increasing the range of volunteer leadership in the Society, emphasizing the vital role that diversity of thought and experience continued to play in ensuring that SAME could meet the needs of the profession and the nation as it looked ahead to its second century.

n general, the new century saw SAME “really opening the aperture” in terms of embracing more types of professionals and actively pursuing diversity, said Jane Penny. This meant not only trying to recruit more women and people with varying backgrounds but also reaching out to a broader range of professional disciplines. “SAME started looking beyond engineers and architects to appeal to scientists, construction professionals, marketing and contracting people—anyone associated with the A/E/C business,” she said. Penny herself became known for her watchword, “Say yes,” which encouraged SAME members—and especially younger members—to take advantage of opportunities to become more involved in the Society and their professional network. The first two decades of the 2000s saw SAME starting to attract more members from state and municipal governments and eventually universities and nonprofit organizations. The Society also renewed efforts to attract public-sector members in general and military personnel in particular. Initiatives on this front included participation in the military’s annual Joint Engineer Operations Courses, establishing a Joint Engineer Contingency Operations Committee, hosting workshops on contingency and combat engineering, redoubling outreach to noncommis-

TRAILBLAZER

An Architect Cements Her Legacy MULTIPLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIETY AND THE A/E/C PROFESSION sioned officers, and establishing a one-time membership fee for uniformed members that would last their entire time in the service. These efforts were met with considerable success: In 2007, the first year these statistics were tracked so closely, public-sector membership stood at about 3,300; by 2019, that figure was nearly 6,400. As part of this commitment to preserve the “M” in SAME, the Society in 2017 created a Community of Interest focused on enlisted personnel. SAME had always been open to enlisted servicemembers, but historically, it had been widely perceived as being for officers. Over the years, SAME made many efforts to overcome that misperception. In 1982, for instance, then–SAME Executive Director Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.), specifically highlighted the importance of welcoming noncommissioned officers to the Society in a memo to leadership. And as the 2000s progressed, there were efforts to increase enlisted personnel involvement, including an NCO Council with a seat on the Board of Direction, but these gained only limited traction. That changed with the creation of the new Community of Interest that began promoting the professional development of enlisted personnel with mentoring, recognition, credentialing, and military-to-civilian transition programs, and started getting them involved across the spectrum of SAME activities. “SAME at the national level sees what diversity brings to the community, and it has made young members, including enlisted personnel, a demographic that it wants to pursue,” said Senior Master Sgt. Adam Boubede, USAF, who was the inaugural chair of the Enlisted Community of Interest and is a member of the SAME National Board of Direction. In just a few years, he said, “we’ve built an Enlisted Community of Interest system that is sustainable and will grow and last.” With its increased emphasis on inclusiveness, SAME renewed its original focus on bringing different perspectives together, and on being an organization where members

Suzanne DiGeronimo became a trailblazer in federal architecture, and her ascendance within SAME made a tremendous impact on the Society. In 1994, she was the only woman on the Working Group that established the SAME Academy of Fellows, and she was a leading voice in the processes and standards created for the Academy. In 2019, she was selected to serve on the SAME Foundation Board of Directors, continuing a legacy of service—and leadership—in SAME and the A/E/C profession. This legacy was cemented in 2015, when she became prestigious SAME Academy of Fellows Golden Eagle Award for outstanding contributions to the A/E/C profession. (Top) DiGeronimo accepts the Golden Eagle Award. (Below) She led the resand federal court house in

It was now a world in which it was increasingly ability to draw on the strengths of a variety of partners had become a necessity.

issue of TME covered joint the cover featuring engineers

Vice President of the Louis challenges of ensuring security

don’t have to have a military background, be an engineer, or even be an American. “Most members will attest to the fact that it is a diversity of interests that fuels SAME’s ability to help solve all types of challenges, whether technical, organizational, even personal. They will also tell you that it is diversity that makes SAME a fulfilling and fun organization to belong to,” Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, USA (Ret.), SAME’s Executive Director, wrote in 2018. “We all may come from different backgrounds and have different roles on this collective team, but what unites us is that we all care about the same values: the strength of our national security and the health of our profession.”

Closer Collaboration for National Security see the reconstruction effort as -

civilian agencies, and those in

contractor into a role that serves -

During this period, SAME actively explored ways to enhance collaboration across the engineering community, which in the 21st century had become more important than ever. Federal engineering projects were often large and complex—and critical to national security and economic growth. Architecture, engineering, and other technical disciplines had become more sophisticated. New and evolving technologies required specialized knowledge. Contractors were playing a larger role in military projects, sometimes on the battlefield itself. And new approaches, such as design-build, public-private partnerships, and integrated project delivery, were coming to the fore. It was now a world in which it was increasingly difficult for any one organiza-

tion to “do it all”—and the ability to draw on the strengths of a variety of partners had become a necessity. In response, SAME launched numerous collaborative programs, often focused on bridging the gap between publicand private-sector organizations—an approach that would be central to the Society’s strategic direction as it headed into its second century. Starting in the 1990s, SAME held a number of Senior Executive Group meetings that included government and industry decision makers, accompanied in the 2000s by similar Executive Forums. In 2016, this approach led to the launch of the Society’s annual CEO Roundtables, which bring together government officials and executives from industry for high-level, facilitated discussions on key topics such as public-private partnerships, cost estimating for government contracts, and small business involvement in federal acquisition. These are complemented by Industry-Government Engagement Workshops, hosted by Posts, which aim to identify and resolve matters at a local level. During this same period, SAME began conducting annual Table Top Exercises, bringing together military and civilian organizations involved in joint engineering to explore contingency plans for potential scenarios. The military, agency, and industry exercises are designed to address issues identified by the federal government and the military’s Combatant Commands and to enable a collaborative approach to developing solutions. Held during the annual Joint Engineer Training Conference (JETC), Table Top Exercises have included setting up a new theater of operations in North Africa, responding to

Engineering Know-How in the Gulf War THE RAPID SUCCESS OF DESERT STORM WAS TIED TO TECHNICAL EXPERTISE In 1990, the United States and its coalition partners began Operation Desert Shield—the defensive operation, designed to prevent further aggression on the part of Iraq after it invaded Kuwait. The operation involved the construction of a network of facilities and roads across large areas “Engineer soldiers built and maintained the vast infrastructure needed to sustain the forces in Southwest Asia,” Lt. Gen. Henry Hatch, USA, Army Chief of Engineers, wrote in TME in 1991, in the annual Service Chiefs Report. “They constructed or maintained more than 2,000 miles of main supply routes. They erected tactical petroleum terminals connected by approximately 140 miles of coupled pipeline and associated pumping stations. Engineers built four camps to house 100,000 Iraqi

prisoners of war and provided electrical power to operational and logistical facilities.” The ensuing offensive phase of the Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm, was fast and decisive, lasting just 100 hours—in part because of the coalition partners’ technical and engineering expertise. “An important reason for the overwhelming success of Operation Desert Storm was the superior technology used by the U.S.-led coalition forces,” wrote Col. David Maune, USA, Commander and Director of the U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratory. These technologies included the Patriot missile system, a hybrid armored vehicle-launched bridge, mine-clearing line charges, and advanced topography tools that gave the military a “total” vision of successful air campaign that preceded groundbased operations.

(Left) Members of the Army’s 72nd Engineer

Storm. (Top) missile. (Above) At Camp Coyote in Kuwait, troops practice deployment of an M60A1 Armored Vehicle Landing Bridge, whose hazardous terrain.

Hurricane Katrina: Changing Engineering’s Perspective HEIGHTENING THE FOCUS ON RESILIENCE AND MANAGING RISK In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, many SAME members were heavily involved in rebuilding and strengthening infrastructure in the New Orleans area. Representing the military, government, industry, and academia, they worked together to help develop new approaches to meeting many challenges—a complex effort that changed the way large engineering projects are managed. In 2013, two leaders of that effort shared lessons learned in a TME article. “The many innovations born through the design and construction for this massive conventions about engineering and project execution for civil works projects. As a result, the program was completed in a fraction of the normal time. Tomor-

methods that streamline planning, engineering, and construction while providing for cost-effective maintenance programs.” They also stated the need for such collaboration would increase, because “a new fusion will be necessary to develop infrastructure projects that make business sense today and tomorrow.” For SAME and the nation, the experience heightened the focus on resilience and managing risk. The event “served as a sobering wake-up call in how we have prepared for natural disasters and where we have accepted risk,” said Lt. Gen. Carl Strock, USA, 51st U.S. Army Chief of Engineers and SAME President in 2006, as he announced “12 Actions for Change,” structural changes that transformed how engineers approach risk.

(Left) Hurricane Katrina. The 282nd was deployed to support FEMA’s disaster-relief efforts. (Top) National Guard members watch the streets a FEMA-led humanitarian effort. (Above) An during relief operations in Gulfport, Mississippi.

The terrorist attacks on September 11 underscored the rapidly evolving threats to national security. For the nation’s engineers, and for SAME, they strengthened a Category 4 hurricane in Samoa, coordinating a whole-ofgovernment response to a major disaster on the New Madrid Fault in the Midwest, and analyzing base-related needs in the multidomain environment of the future. In the early 2000s, SAME began to establish partnerships with a number of other professional organizations. Many of these were formed with an eye to the increasing rigor and sophistication expected from private-sector companies working with the government and were thus focused on providing members with opportunities for continuing education and earning certifications. “SAME anticipates the importance of these certifications increasing in government procurements and becoming a factor in a firm’s ability to demonstrate competence in various areas of the Department of Defense,” wrote SAME Executive Director Dr. Robert Wolff in 2010. These partnerships also supported SAME’s fundamental commitment to fostering collaboration across various disciplines and technical fields. These soon expanded into a more formal Strategic Partnership Program that forged closer collaborative relationships with organizations ranging from the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Associated General Contractors of America, and the International Facility Management Association to the Design-Build Institute of America, Paralyzed Veterans of America, the Electric Power Research Institute, and several universities. From 2015 to 2019, more than 35 partnerships were formed as SAME pursued its strategic vision to be a leader of collaboration for the profession. Many of these partnerships

support industry-government engagement, while others target issues relating to veterans, education, or building resilient structures and communities. Facilitating collaboration had become a single unifying point of emphasis throughout the Society, tracked in Post Annual Reports and Streamer Award requirements, evident in Society communications, and promoted at events and programs.

Reshaping SAME for a Changing World The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, underscored the rapidly evolving threats to national security. For the nation’s engineers, and for SAME, the attack served to strengthen resolve, which was tempered with understanding and hope. As Col. Gordon Bratz, USA (Ret.), SAME’s Director of Communications & Marketing at the time, wrote shortly afterward: “We in and out of uniform can rebuild tomorrow’s America—by thinking and doing in terms of wisdom based on tolerance, respect, patience, charity, and love. Let our legacy to these tragic events be that of building a better and more secure America—and community of nations—using both our skills and our compassion for our fellow man.” The terrorist attacks were a catalyst for the long Global War on Terror. On the domestic front, engineers helped to secure infrastructure and harden facilities across the United States. Overseas, they worked in difficult conditions, often in far-flung, remote locales. In Iraq and Afghanistan,

only engineers but engineers -

Engineering Service Chiefs,

the SAME Foundation raised

STEM-related activities, and the transitioning of veterans into the notably, the SAME Foundation

they were involved in force-protection activities, cleared roadways to reduce exposure to IEDs, and built military facilities—and often saw combat. They were also involved in a range of nation-building projects, from erecting hospitals, schools, and bridges to rebuilding dams and highways and developing renewable energy sources—projects designed to boost the local economy, help the population thrive, and create a safer, more stable country. To that end, deployed SAME members established a Baghdad Post during this period that made it a priority to help Iraqi engineers earn credentials and secure proper training. Sustaining Member companies sponsored Iraqi nationals to join the Post in an effort to help Iraq’s engineers prepare to meet that country’s emerging requirements. As Lt. Gen. Robert Flowers, USA, Chief of Engineers, wrote in TME in 2004, “We are working with other organizations, such as SAME, to build institutional and intellectual capacity in both Iraq and Afghanistan so citizens of both countries can maintain their own infrastructure.”

T (Top) of a combat mission. (Bottom) Seabees assigned struction Battalion 7 depart for Afghanistan.

he terrorist attacks changed the nation, and they changed SAME. “The events of 9/11 were a watershed moment for the Society,” recalled Bratz. “I think the mission became both broader and more focused. There was a good deal of growth in membership, as the government engineers and the private sector became even more interested in talking to each other and working together.” This shift was also accelerated by another response to 9/11: the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003. The largest reorganization of the federal government in nearly 50 years, DHS brought 22 government agencies together into one organization. Among other responsibilities, DHS was charged with safeguarding the nation’s critical infrastructure, which meant that engineering skills were central to its efforts. In response, the engineering

A construction electriMobile Construction Battalion 4 feeds the trical wire through the er for a water pump in

Prepared for All Hazards BUILDING AND SUSTAINING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

View from the Washington State Dam, 1935.

When SAME was founded, it was focused largely on preparedness and maintaining the engineering knowhow and professional connections developed during World War I. Soon, though, military and civilian engineering professionals were working alongside each other with a much broader mandate: ensuring the resilience of America’s critical infrastructure, including waterways, ports and harbors, transportation systems, and, ultimately, information technology networks.

Security Partnership (TISP) in late 2001 to develop practices and policies to protect the nation’s infrastructure. While TISP would later become a component of SAME and eventually serve as the formation of its Resilience Community of Interest, the organization’s establishment was a catalyzing event for the A/E/C community, as it helped spur a holistic approach to resilience concerns. The issue of climate change soon became part of SAME’s resilience efforts—a need underscored by the billions of dollars in damage to civilian infrastructure caused by Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy, 2018, separate powerful storms caused substantial damage to the Marine Corps’ Camp Lejeune in North Carolina and to Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida, along with numerous Coast Guard facilities. In 2019, Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska was seriously damNorfolk Naval Air Station and other coastal bases are increasingly threatened by rising sea levels. As it moved into its second century, the Society

control acts in 1928 and 1936, which charged the Army Corps of Engineers with protecting property and people from rising waters. Throughout the 1930s, SAME members were involved in a sweeping program of civil works—dams, bridges, levees, and locks and dams—that strengthened the nation’s infrastructure. Later they worked on projects ranging from hardening facilities against nuclear attack to building the Interstate Highway System to further ensure the resilience of commercial and military transportation. The concept of resilience evolved rapidly late in the 20th century. Terrorism became a central concern, with the Oklahoma City bombing, the bombings of American embassies, and the 9/11 attacks forefront in the nation’s attention. Such events prompted a group of prominent organizations— including SAME—to establish The Infrastructure

After the City bombing in 1995.

The Platte, Missouri, in March 2018 (left), before the whelmed by extenlater (right). made “build and sustain resilient communities” 2025 SAME Strategic Plan. SAME President Col. Marvin Fisher, USAF included “climate change and human and natural impacts on the environment; population shifts that are leading to the evolution of megaregions; shortage of capabilities and capacity in our industry that the impacts of technology on systems and services; the relationship between civilian communities and military bases, and not just for ensuring mission assurance.” This far-reaching view, he added, “paved national security and what role SAME should play.” In the 21st century, resilience is considered central to national security, with planners taking a holistic approach to reducing infrastructure risk and responding more effectively to disasters, both natural and man-made. Looking ahead, the Society is well positioned to help in those efforts. Its network of national, regional, and local relationships forged through Posts in their communities and at the highest levels of government gives it a unique ability to support rapid responses on the ground while also bringing the resources of the Society to bear. Its multidiscipline, multisector approach means it can draw on expertise from throughout the A/E/C community—federal agencies and the uniformed ential private-sector companies—giving it access to the comprehensive portfolio of knowledge and resources needed to enhance the nation’s resilience in the face of an ever-widening range of threats.

community stepped up its resource- and expertise-sharing efforts to renovate and retrofit facilities and infrastructure. Ensuing events—such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and Superstorm Sandy in 2011—further highlighted the need for infrastructure resilience in the face of a wide range of hazards and disruptions beyond man-made threats. In this environment, SAME’s longtime emphasis on public- and private-sector collaboration proved to be a good fit. In addition to supporting greater industry-government engagement, SAME started to take a close look at itself and saw a need to change the way the national organization operated and supported both its members and the country. The Society had been effective, but the landscape in which it operated was shifting. “Over the next two decades, SAME changed, because it had to change,” said Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.), the 98th National President of SAME (2017). “It had to mirror what was happening with the military, with engineering, and in the country. So changes were made that helped SAME really dive into the issues that had to be resolved, and transformed us to be much more of a professional organization.” For example, SAME significantly expanded its lineup of programs, often into new areas that were increasingly important to national security. The National Office began offering continuing education to complement the training offered by the Posts, quickly expanding to include courses, webinars, and online recorded sessions, all designed to help members keep up with the changing field of military engineering and advance in their careers. SAME continued to run STEM and Engineering & Construction Camps for high school students, operated in cooperation with the different service branches. It also created a Meetings & Exposition Department, which brought in experienced meetings professionals and took on responsibility for national events such as the annual Federal Small Business Conference and JETC. This allowed these conferences to increase in size and

efforts between military engi(Above) lighting along the TennesseeTombigbee Waterway. (Below) in Tennessee.

(Clockwise from top left) A panel discussion on the main stage at JETC in 2017; Day Two at the Small Business Conference in 2019; participants attendees browsing materials in the exhibit hall.

include more networking and learning opportunities while providing SAME with an important source of steady revenue and a means to increase its national visibility.

Increasing Recognition, Membership, and Programs SAME’s growing stature as a robust professional organization was recognized by others in the field. For example, in 2008, SAME was asked to take on the administration of The Infrastructure Security Partnership (TISP), which had been formed after 9/11 to support public policy on domestic infrastructure and resilience. Members included such influential organizations as the American Institute of Architects, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Council of Engineering Companies, Associated General Contractors of America, Federal Facilities Council, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. As a result, when TISP was fully layered into SAME’s structure in 2017, the move underscored the Society’s prominent role in the A/E/C industry and the importance of supporting infrastructure needs at all levels, from local communities to military installations. In essence, TISP provided the foundation for the Society’s Resilience Community of Interest and its 2025 Strategic Plan goal to build and sustain resilient communities. With increasing membership and an ever-expanding suite of programs, SAME’s revenue grew—from $1.8 million in 2002 to $6.7 million in 2013. At the same time, leadership was making one of the Society’s most significant changes of this era, with the introduction of a new governance model. This effort began in 2011, when Department of Defense attorneys published a stricter interpretation of the Joint Ethics Regulation (JER) that affected the nongovernment activities of military personnel. In response, SAME formed a Governance Task Force to determine how it could better align SAME’s leader-

ship with the JER. The task force came up with several recommendations, which were approved by the Board of Direction and for inclusion in the Society’s Constitution at the Annual Business Meeting held during JETC in May 2012. A key component of the new model involved the position of Society President. For more than half of SAME’s history, the presidency had often been held by the Engineering Chief of one the uniformed services, who oversaw the national organization, its administration, and budget. With that approach, the Engineering Chiefs “have been placed in a position to act in both their ‘official capacity’ as well as their ‘personal capacity’ while performing SAME functions,” wrote Maj. Gen. Del Eulberg, USAF (Ret.), who chaired the Governance Task Force. “JER is very clear in delineating the difference between the two.” Under the new governance model, the President’s role was to be filled by a private-sector leader, elected by the membership. The first to hold this position was Tony Leketa, SES (Ret.), whose extensive military and industry experience was the ideal bridge into the new leadership structure for the Society. The Society now had an allvolunteer leadership to take it into its second century. In addition, the President is actually involved for three years— as President-Elect, President, and Past President—providing greater continuity of leadership. But one important element of the traditional approach remained: Uniformed members could continue to hold positions at the Post level and in other national leadership roles, such as Regional Vice President or Elected Director, in a volunteer capacity. A second critical component of the governance model restructured SAME’s relationship with the Engineering Chiefs. Having a current Engineering Chief as SAME President had been important because it kept the Society in touch with the evolving needs and practices of the military—and it added stature to the position of President and to the Society. To help ensure that this type of communication

become a more important and (Above) An Omaha Post display in 1976. (Below) The exhibit hall at JETC in 2017.

(Above) local Posts and military partners, organizes camps around the country to encourage high school and college students. (Below) SAME Presidents came from industry, but they had lengthy military engineering careers as

continued, the governance model established a Uniformed Services Advisory Group (USAG) composed of the Engineering Chiefs, who act as liaisons between their organizations and SAME, allowing them to work with SAME in their official capacity. “A major benefit of USAG is that SAME will benefit from greater involvement of the five Engineering Service Chiefs throughout their tenure rather than becoming involved for only two years,” which was the case traditionally, wrote Eulberg. The new approach, he added, “sought to increase the effectiveness of SAME’s governance while maintaining the essential interface between SAME and the Engineering Service Chiefs.” By 2020, this distinguished body had evolved into the Executive Advisory Group and included leaders from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, and other federal agencies in addition to the services, reflective of SAME’s increasing role as a collaborator. Overall, this governance change in 2012 mirrored the adjustments that SAME made in 1931. In both cases, the Society had to adopt to challenging external changes—and in doing so, found ways to improve the way it worked. “At the time, some people felt these changes to public-sector involvement would be devastating,” said Heather Wishart-Smith, SAME’s 2020 President. “But it’s actually done a lot for the longevity and the future of the Society, with the continuity of the multiyear approach to leadership and the flexibility of engaging different leaders. It’s made us stronger.” That new governance model was a significant milestone, but it was just one of many ways the Society had adapted and grown. As SAME approached its Centennial, it looked back on more than two decades of change—in the world and within itself. The Society had significantly increased the sophistication, scope, and reach of its activities and become an even stronger professional organization—working hand in hand with partners and stakeholders around the world—that could continue to play a vital role in national security.

Tapping the Power of the Private Sector

The Critical Expertise Sustaining Members Provide

TME

In 1958, on behalf of the archiof LEO A DALY, Mason Strober of Sustaining Membership from

Air Force Logistics Center at Base in 1984, the U.S. Air Force and the Army Corps of Engi& Co. and HTB Inc. to rebuild it in record time. (Above) The immense size of the building made it impossible to reach the interior for demolition and reconstruction, so construction corridors were created to structure. (Right) The schedule required that HVAC units be placed after the cranes had left, so a lift helicopter was gle day to place 12 units.

and construction support—an approach that continued in later

architecture, engineering, construction, environmental, facility manage-

through the Global War on Terror. Over the years, there was a clear shift in the relationship between the military and civilian A/E/C companies. As Robert Marini, Chairman and CEO of the engineering and

have been at the forefront of helping SAME succeed in driving collaboration to support the government’s engineering and technological needs.

McKee said in an address that was reprinted in TME in 1992, “Clients are changing. Today, many look for total solutions—not just design, construction, or operations.” Increasingly, private-sector organizations were seen less as traditional suppliers focused on providing a single deliverable. Instead, they came to be viewed more as partners that could help develop and deliver innovations, plan and execute projects, run programs, and manage facilities, among many other things— and often over the long term, with some contracts running decades. As that trend unfolded, SAME was able to provide a structure that lets government and private-sector organizations stay in step with the evolving nature of collaboration. A key factor in this effort has been the Society’s Sustaining Members—the companies that represent the privatesector side of industry-government engagement (IGE). Launched more than six decades ago, this dynamic consortium of engineering and technological expertise comes together, in many ways, as one

SAME has embraced the industrial component of the national security equation since it was founded.

toward supporting America’s national security-related infrastructure needs. By 2020, SAME’s Sustaining Member rolls had grown to more than 1,600 companies. Along the way, these

A Critical Class of Membership

1920 was William Barclay Parsons, founder of the global engineering

ca’s businesses began to play a larger role in supporting national security, the Society moved to formalize those relationships and create a stronger union between industry and government. In 1955, SAME created the Sustaining Members category of membership, which made it possible for companies to participate more fully in the work of SAME. The Sustaining Members program started with just a handful of companies, but gradually more and more signed on, and their inclusion in the Society was captured in each issue of TME. Over time, this new membership category enabled companies to and federal agency objectives and to more effectively address their needs. It also furthered the awareness of military and agency leaders to new innovations and best practices emerging from the private sector. working on projects at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska and the Distant Early Warning Line in Alaska

Force Base in San Antonio, designed and constructed by HDR with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, won an SAME Design Award in 2020.

taining Member. That company—the LEO A DALY architecture and engiengaged more than 60 years later, making it the Society’s oldest continuous Sustaining Member. By the early 1970s, there were 100-plus Sustaining Members, and ded in the activities of SAME and committed to advancing its mission. “One of the most important elements of our Society is our Sustaining Members,” Maj. Gen. Guy Goddard, USAF, then SAME President, wrote in TME in 1970. Sustaining Members “come from forward-thinking private industry, and they bring with them creativity and a host of keen technical and management ideas which are always welcome in Society affairs. Sustaining Members broaden the base of

Post activities by providing speakers to important construction and production sites, and by giving exhibits at Post and regional meetings.” The changing needs of the federal government prompted expansion of the program. In 1978, then-SAME President Lt. Gen. John Morris, USA, made expanding the number of Sustaining Members a Society-wide priority, with a target of doubling the member companies within 12 months. In the ensuing years, Sustaining Membership in the Society soared, both in number and in impact. Then, during the 1980s, for example, as the military looked for ways to meet growing challenges, it moved away from traditional contracting to engage with private-sector companies through service partnerships. In response,

SAME began to expand its activities to help public-private partnerships, highlighting support in areas such as cost engineering, project management, streamlined delivery, and environmental analysis. Such efforts helped to further increase the ranks of Sustaining Members. In 1981, the Society began publishing an annual Gold Book Directory of Sustaining Members, cataloguing their capabilities and areas of distinct competence. This proved a valuable resource for helping military private-sector partners, and for priThe Gold Book eventually evolved into the Directory of Sustaining Member then, by the 2010s, had become a real-time searchable online tool. As the number of Sustaining

Members increased, it became clear that different-sized companies had their own strengths to offer in terms of expertise and capabilities, and their own needs as part of SAME. In response, the Society established three categories: small, medium, and large businesses. In the mid-1990s, it added a Public Agency Sustaining Member category, prompted in large part by the Houston-Galveston Post, which counted a number of city and county agencies as key supporters of its activities. In 1995, the Houston-Galveston Post welcomed the Houston Metropolitan Transit Authorcy Sustaining Member. Days later, Engineering Department followed suit as the second such member. As SAME approached its Centennial, that agency had members serving on the Houston-Galveston board, and had worked with other Sustaining Members to respond to Hurricane Harvey and other natural disasters.

Enabling the Mission’s Success

Sustaining Members help strengthen SAME in many ways. They provide imbut they do much more. They provide a broad range of skills and capabilities that are vital to supporting national security. They are also a focal point for SAME’s core industry-government engagement mission. Indeed, their involvement is critical to SAME’s ability to provide an effective, ethical platform for collaboration between industry and all levels of government. To recognize the importance of these efforts, SAME presents three awards annually (in the small, medium, and

large business categories) to Sustaining Members that have made significant contributions to SAME and its mission. (See page 150.) Sustaining Members have also leadership for the Society. In 2012, stricter interpretation of federal regulations prohibited government employees from serving in leadership meant that active military personnel could not be President of the Society. This prompted SAME to adopt a new governance framework that required its Presidents to come from the civilian ranks, and to be elected by the membership based on their SAME involvement and contributions. This could have been a disruptive shift. Some in the Society were even concerned about what would happen in the years to come. However, leaders from many Sustaining Member companies rose to the challenge, and in the years since, the Society’s Presidents have all come from Sustaining Member companies, including AECOM, Arcadis, Jacobs, URS, and Parsons, as well as midsize and smaller businesses such as Farnsworth Group and Matrix Design Group. In addition, Sustaining Members provide a pipeline of leaders and volunteers throughout the organization, creating an important balance of industry and government members serving the Society.

Partners Mobilized in an Emergency

As the United States has faced a growing range of threats, Sustaining Members have come to be the backbone of SAME’s readiness efforts. As a group, they provide a pool of

capable, proven partners that can be mobilized quickly in a crisis. A national emergency in November 1984 illustrated the value of enduring, trusted relationships. A 2.1 millionsquare-foot building that was used to refurbish aircraft at Tinker Air Force

At Hawaii’s oldest military post, Fort Shafter, the Corp of Engineers

Command Facility.

burned for three days. More than onethird of the building was destroyed, putting a halt to critical production work and causing $149 million in damage (in 1984 dollars). The Air Force’s Director of Engineering Services at the time, Maj. Gen. Clifton “Duke” Wright Jr., USAF, ately upon hearing the news, which incidentally was brought to him while he was attending an SAME regional when I got there,” he recalled in a 2014 interview. “I went through my could call on in the Tulsa-Oklahoma City area that were SAME Sustaining Members, and we got three or four quickly line up critical help stemmed from the relationships built through SAME. “We knew them because of their involvement as Sustaining Members,” Wright said. “We trusted them. We knew that they would do circumstances. I don’t think it could have been done any other way.” Ultimately, production at the site was resumed in two weeks, and the facility was fully rebuilt within 10 months. (See page 90.)

Resources on Short Notice

In 1986, SAME sought to bring more structure to emergency response

and preparedness with its FAST START program, which was conceived to help Posts coordinate with local authorities to respond to disasters and disruptions in their areas. From the beginning, Sustaining Members were a linchpin of the program, and Posts were asked to catalogue the resources and capabilities that Sustaining Members could bring to bear in the event of an emergency. That FAST START effort revealed the tremendous amount of resources that Sustaining Members could bring to the table on short notice. Writing about FAST START in TME in 1987, Col. Edward Rapp, USA, said that “construction is the pacing issue in a major emergency. This is as true in deterrence, mitigation, and recovery from natural disasters as it is in war.”

He added that “the problem is not just ‘How fast can we call out the National Guard,’ but also ‘How fast can we get contractors working?’ The latter is not so much a ‘top down’ problem as it is a ‘bottom up’ reorientation of energies that exist at the local level.” Rapp shared several reports from The Washington DC Post wrote that “the Sustaining Membership of our Post is equivalent to 39 battalions of engineers. That is, if called upon and put to work under emergency contracting conditions, our Post could muster the equivalent of 39 battalions for local area work. This is a tremendous force in being prepared to respond to the full spectrum of emergencies.” The Louisiana Post reported that its Sustaining Members had about

38 battalion equivalents in dredging capabilities, and the Vicksburg Post’s Sustaining Members were ready to provide 169 battalion equivalents in construction and 58 battalion equivalents of architectural and engineer design capabilities. In the following decades, Sustaining Members would be called on to help the nation deal with hurricanes, mid-1991, Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.), SAME’s Executive Director at the time, wrote in TME that “our singular greatest achievement [in the past year] was the support to our forces deployed to the Persian Gulf. Our Society rallied Sustaining Meming their capabilities and interest to help. We relayed these capabilities on to appropriate agencies and saw several offers accepted; they ranged from the expected to the novel and unique. Some reminded military agencies of their expertise in temporary troop facilities. This included tents, potable water, cooling, health care, and the like. Others reported the immediate availability of hardened facilities, expedient buildings, and pipelines. Then, there were some stabilizers.”

Getting Value in Return

As they provide immense value to the Society, Sustaining Members see value in return. As a result, they often remain engaged with SAME for the long term. Indeed, in 2020, SAME’s Centennial year, seven companies had been Sustaining Members for 50 years or more, and another 173

Engineering Systems Command engineering, and landscape architecEngine Repair Facility & Pilot Fit Facility in California.

Sustaining Members for at least 20 years (see page 143). In 1981, Louis W. Riggs, the Society’s President at the time and an executive of then–Sustaining Member Tudor Engineering, offered his view. “As I see it, our Sustaining their association with SAME,” he told a TME interviewer. “Perhaps the greatest is that sense of camaraderie, developed at our meetings, which is needed to get great projects off the ground. We already know the capabilities and limitations of those whom we meet at local Post activities or at annual or regional meetings. It makes it easier if we already know that other ‘expert’ we might need for our next joint venture. And don’t

overlook what our Sustaining Members gain from being a part of what helps America remain strong.” Additionally, leadership roles at Posts and nationally, as well as mentoring opportunities through SAME programs, provide Sustaining Members with a valuable opportunity to help grow the leadership and mentoring skills of their employees, which can then be brought back to their professional duties with their companies. For more than 60 years, Sustaining Members have enabled greater collaboration and helped companies work as trusted equals with government partners and with each other. The result has been increased success for these members and the Society—and the ability to bring a

range of strengths together in the interest of national security. General of the Armies John Pershing wrote to SAME in a memo dated March 25, 1920, that “the complete cooperation of the engineering profession throughout the country is necessary to any policy of National Defense, and I feel certain the Society of American Military Engineers will serve a valuable purpose in furthering this cooperation and interest.” While the notion of a Sustaining Member may not have been in the lexicon in 1920, the collaboration military and government through SAME has indeed helped the Society placed in it a century ago.

Chapter Five

Who We Are Today Taking Stock of SAME at 100

STRONGER WITH AGE

By 2020, the world was clearly a very different place than in 1920, when SAME was founded. The intervening years had seen dramatic changes, from the rise and fall of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the dawn of the nuclear age and the advent of television, spaceflight, the internet, autonomous vehicles, and a new service branch, the U.S. Space Force. SAME’s charter members, some of whom had grown up before powered flight and even the automobile, might have had trouble understanding this new world. But they would have easily recognized SAME’s ongoing mission of bringing public- and private-sector professionals together to serve the nation and its engineering-related needs. As it approached its Centennial Celebration in 2020, SAME comprised 105 Posts, 17 Regions, and a National Office committed to serving members and advancing the Society’s strategic direction. It had more than 28,000

MILESTONES

members representing the uniformed services, private firms, myriad government agencies, nonprofit associations, and academic institutions. More than 1,600 companies had become Sustaining Members, providing a wealth of industry expertise and financial support. The Society collaborated with a growing ecosystem of partners, including professional associations, industry groups, and colleges and universities, on everything from educational projects and veterans assistance programs to the development of technical standards. In addition, it

ADDRESSING MANY RISKS

REINFORCING THE CORE MISSION

MILESTONES

FILLING THE PIPELINE OF A/E/C PROFESSIONALS

THE BEST LAID PLANS …

A CHALLENGING—BUT SUCCESSFUL—CENTENNIAL

The variety of activities SAME was pursuing by 2020 would have both surprised and pleased its founders. Altogether it stood as a powerful platform had strong relationships with numerous federal agencies, from local districts and commands to the headquarters level. This array of partners illustrated both the prominence and the trust that the Society had built up over its first 100 years. While the mission and the outreach would have looked familiar, the variety of activities SAME was pursuing by 2020 would have both surprised and pleased its founders. The Society’s portfolio encompassed a worldclass program of conferences, workshops, symposia, and professional development and networking opportunities. It had created initiatives designed to help young people and students to become engineers, to develop the professional skills of members, and to foster the growth and health of the engineering profession. Altogether, SAME in 2020 stood as a dynamic platform for a range of national security efforts—a robust and forward-looking organization able to draw on a host of disciplines and viewpoints to solve problems and serve the nation. SAME’s expanding network of relationships, communities, and expertise, and its ability to enable collaboration were perhaps becoming more important than ever. While many of the long-standing challenges to national security remained, the situation was being made more complicated by the threats posed by terrorism, cybersecurity breaches, climate change, failing infrastructure, overpopulation, economic upheaval, a pandemic, and the growing potential for Great Power Competition with major states such as China and Russia. These issues, many of them interrelated, made a

broad-based, multifaceted approach critical to the efforts of engineers to ensure national security and readiness.

Maintaining the Critical Link SAME was tracking this evolving range of threats, and in the years leading up to its Centennial, the Society brought increasing structure and rigor to its activities, taking a more programmatic approach in which different activities and organizational components worked in concert to support national security. This trend was especially evident in the Society’s enduring purpose of supporting military-civilian cooperation, spelled out by its founders in the very first edition of The Military Engineer in 1920. One hundred years later, this concept was expressed in a newly articulated vision under which SAME said it would “serve our nation as the foremost integrator for leadership development and technical collaboration within the A/E/C profession,” and pursue a mission to “build leaders and lead collaboration among government and industry to develop multidisciplined solutions to national security infrastructure challenges.” By the start of SAME’s second century, these concepts were summed up with a renewed focus on strengthening industry-government engagement (IGE). “True industrygovernment engagement is not about providing access,” wrote Col. Miro Kurka, USA (Ret.), SAME TEXOMA Regional Vice President, in a companion article supporting the 2025 SAME Strategic Plan (see Chapter 6). “It is

(Top left) On Wake Island, one of the most remote places on Earth, about 100 civilian contractors work to support the U.S. Air Force and other government operations. (Bottom left) At a remote desert site in Southern California, a design team was tasked, under tremendous budget pressure, with creating a complex that would provide hundreds of U.S. Navy SEALs (Above) A member of the North Carolina National Guard’s 882nd Engineer Company shovels earth from around water and sewer pipes while his Botswana Defense Force counterpart advises, in preparation for replacing a sewer line at Thebephatshwa Airbase in Gaborone, Botswana.

Finishing the First Century…

hen Lt. Col. Wendell L. “Buddy” Barnes, USA (Ret.), became SAME’s 100th President, he brought more than 50 years of Society experience with him. In that time, he launched three Posts; served in local, regional, and national leadership roles; and became a familiar face across the organization. As he noted, “I am bilingual; SAME is my primary language.” As SAME’s 100th President, Barnes encouraged members and Posts to be involved in planning Centennial Celebrations. As he traveled the country, he wore red running shoes and a red SAME shirt to underscore that the Society was on a “sprint to the start of our second century.” At the same time, he worked to further the cause of industrygovernment engagement. “We need to remain engaged through SAME to ensure our profession is prepared to answer the call,” he said, “just as the founders did” 100 years ago.

about sharing knowledge and best practices, conducting joint training, building trust, and collaborating on issues to solve problems and reach consensus.” Today, SAME drives IGE in a number of ways. At the national level, it hosts several events designed to bring together engineers and decision makers from across the public and private sectors and different A/E/C disciplines. Its CEO Roundtables, for example, include leaders from the military, civilian agencies, industry, and other professional societies. The annual Capital Week event, hosted in the greater Washington, D.C., area, offers briefings from officials on upcoming federal engineering, design, and environmental programs. At the Facilities Management Workshops, government, military, and civilian engineers learn from one another about evolving challenges facing the built environment and the new tools and practices needed to meet them.

erhaps the most high-profile of these events is the SAME Joint Engineer Training Conference & Expo (JETC), which has grown in both popularity and impact in recent years and regularly attracts upwards of 2,000 participants. In addition to providing educational and networking opportunities, JETC fosters IGE in several ways, from the annual Table Top Exercises, which bring military and civilian participants together to explore hypothetical scenarios, to numerous panels and presentations from military and government officials explaining their needs and strategies. Another major event, the SAME Federal Small Business Conference (SBC) for the A/E/C industry, also has IGE at its core. The conference grew out of a fairly modest Army Corps of Engineers Small Business Conference that the Corps had run for a number of years. In 2009, the Army asked SAME to host the annual event. Since then, SBC has grown steadily in size and scope, evolving into a comprehensive market research opportunity. In 2019, SBC hosted

more than 3,700 attendees and 450 exhibitors, including military and other federal agencies, large and small businesses, and advocacy organizations. “National security is a multifaceted issue, and it requires you to cast a wide net in terms of companies as well as people,” said Heather Wishart-Smith, the 2020 President of SAME. “The small business side of things is important because it’s simply not possible to get everything done with just a limited collection of large industry members.” To support the Society’s IGE goals, the SBC features Business Opportunity Briefings, in which senior leaders from federal agencies provide overviews of, and answer questions about, contracting opportunities at their organizations. Similarly, Networking Roundtables give small businesses a chance to meet faceto-face with agency officials and large businesses to discuss the ins and outs of working in the federal contracting arena. The opportunities for IGE at these events have proved valuable for all involved. “Nobody brings the uniformed services and private sector together like SAME, and the meetings at these conferences allow us to share ideas for the betterment of national security and defense,” said Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.), 2017 President of SAME. He recalled a roundtable at a Society conference in which private-sector executives talked to the Engineering Chiefs “about how hard it can be to deliver projects for the military on time and within budget.” A task force was created as a result, and that led to better post-contract award cooperation. These national events were just one aspect of SAME’s IGE efforts. Beginning in 2015, Posts were actively encouraged to hold events built around identifying and resolving IGE issues. This approach was designed to let Posts resolve issues with industry and government partners at the local level, while also encouraging them to share issues of broader interest with the SAME National Office. This embodied a cross-cutting strategy often

The nation’s shortage of engineering talent had been a concern for SAME since the mid-20th century, and at 100, the Society was tackling this issue through a range of initiatives. advocated by SAME national leadership, of operating as “one Society of vibrant Posts that are relevant locally, while contributing to a common national direction.” By 2020, Posts were holding a variety of IGE events and programs virtually. That year, these included a gathering of private-sector SAME members and Army and Air Force engineers to discuss cost engineering in construction, a meeting where companies learned about the Army Corps’ upcoming work in its Rock Island District, and an IGE workshop on rising sea levels that was co-hosted by three Posts. Describing one event that brought industry and government together, a SAME member wrote that “the positive benefits of the workshop were immediate and are relatable elsewhere. Dialogues were opened. Understanding reached new heights. Relationships were strengthened. The ensuing unity of effort will add tremendous value to the delivery of future projects and will benefit both industry and government partners.” As those comments illustrate, Posts were playing a key role in advancing IGE, an impact that would have clearly been well received by the Society’s founders, who saw Posts—where hands meet and eyes greet—as instrumental in establishing and sustaining trust between government and industry. (See page 65.)

SAME at 100: A Snapshot Since its earliest days, SAME has worked to engage people from across disciplines and sectors, and by the end of its

first century, those efforts had expanded into a tremendous range of programs and activities. In 2018, Col. Marvin Fisher, USAF (Ret.), the Society’s President at the time, pointed out that “we have been gaining a lot of momentum over the past several years as we continue to enhance the SAME experience. We are witnessing a transformation of our organization with evolving programs, increased member participation, and expanded partnerships.” Overall, he added, “our Society has truly grown into a professional association providing support to our military, our industry partners, and the future STEM leaders of our nation.” Many of these member activities have been channeled through SAME’s Communities of Interest, which give members a chance to engage nationally with other professionals on a range of topics, such as architecture, resilience, college outreach, and leader development. Similarly, the Society has continued to develop and enable the human capital that is critical to meeting the nation’s engineering needs for the present and the future. Cyclical shortages of engineering and trades talents had been a concern for SAME since the mid-20th century, and at 100, the Society was tackling this issue through a range of hands-on initiatives and large-scale investments. For example, SAME today has more than 50 Student Chapters at colleges—including a Virtual Student Chapter—that give aspiring professionals a chance to learn practical engineering applications and start developing their career networks. The College Outreach Community of Interest has even started a

... and Starting the Second

s SAME’s 101st President, Heather Wishart-Smith helped the Society navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. SAME not only found ways to keep operating—it also continued to pursue and expand its core, mission-focused activities. Wishart-Smith established three areas of focus for the Board of Direction: aligning how Society entities support the Strategic Plan; establishing a Key Leadership Development Commission charged with succession planning and expanding the diversity of leadership; and increasing the engagement of Elected Directors. All these efforts strengthened SAME as it stepped into its second century. “We are learning a lot about delivering value to members that will last for years,” she said in early 2021. “I think we were on that path, but 2020 has accelerated it, causing us to pivot from incremental change to disruptive improvement.”

national design project competition to encourage student members to promote real-world applications of their work and have Sustaining Member firms judge it. Indeed, investing in America’s next generation of STEM professionals has become a vital part of SAME’s activities. Through its Posts and its national organization, SAME annually provides more than $1 million in scholarships to high school and college students majoring in engineering or an engineering-related field. It hosts more than 400 high school students each year at STEM and Engineering & Construction Camps that let rising sophomores, juniors, and seniors learn engineering skills, along with teamwork, creativity, problem-solving, and the value of service.

eyond these camps, SAME and its Posts— often working with partner organizations— are involved in a number of events that have proven to be effective in engaging students in engineering. After attending a technology competition supported by the Society, one young woman wrote to SAME to say, “The conference opened my eyes to how many opportunities there are in the engineering field” (see page 107). She continued, saying that “as a high school student, talking to the adults who have successful careers and who have been through the college process and getting a job was very helpful. The conference was an amazing experience that has gotten me more excited than ever to become an astronaut. It brought back all my passion for hard work and showed me why I am doing what I am doing in school.” In addition to attracting young people to engineering, SAME programs have helped members who are already working in the field grow professionally. Both the JETC and SBC events feature dozens of educational and training sessions, including graduate-level technical presentations. SAME also offers virtual learning opportunities, with

Roots and Wings: SAME Across America By 2020, SAME had established more than 100 Posts throughout the United States and around the world (see page 102). It hosts more than 400 students at STEM and Engineering & Construction Camps across the country. And it works with more than 50 Student Chapters at U.S. colleges and universities.

94 93 92

86 11 13

Posts

53 10

Camps

9 12

4 5

100

DOMESTIC POSTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

45 60

74 61

55 72

41 42

67 33

91 89

4 69

64 63

77 68

75 76

25 28

26 83

2 46

19 20

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CAMPS 1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 2. Naval Construction Battalion Center, Port Hueneme, CA

3. Scott Air Force Base, Scott AFB, IL 4. U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO

5. Camp Lejeune (U.S. Marine Corps) Jacksonville, NC * Student Chapter(s) associated with Post

101

Huntsville, AL* Mobile, AL* Anchorage, AK* Phoenix, AZ Southern Arizona, AZ 6. Arkansas, AR 7. Inland Empire, CA 8. Los Angeles, CA* 9. Orange County, CA* 10. OxnardVentura, CA 11. Sacramento, CA 12. San Diego, CA 13. San Francisco, CA 14. Denver Metro, CO* 15. Pikes Peak, CO 16. Delmarva, DE 17. Washington, DC 18. Emerald Coast, FL 19. Jacksonville, FL** 20. Panama City, FL* 21. Pensacola, FL 22. South Florida, FL 23. Space Coast, FL 24. Tampa Bay, FL 25. Atlanta, GA* 26. Fort BenningColumbus, GA 27. Moody-Valdosta, GA 28. Robins, GA 29. Savannah, GA* 30. Honolulu, HI 31. Gem State, ID 32. Chicago, IL 33. Illini, IL 34. Lake Michigan, WI 35. Rock Island, IL 36. Scott Field, IL 37. Campbell, KY 38. Kentuckiana, KY 39. Louisiana, LA 40. Baltimore, MD* 41. Chesapeake, MD 42. Mid-Maryland, MD* 43. Boston, MA* 44. Detroit, MI 45. MinneapolisSt. Paul, MN 46. Mississippi Gulf Coast, MS 47. Vicksburg, MS** 48. Fort Leonard Wood, MO 49. Greater Kansas City, MO** 50. St. Louis, MO 51. Big Sky, MT 52. Omaha, NE**

53. Southern Nevada, NV 54. Piscataqua, NH* 55. New Jersey, NJ* 56. Albuquerque, NM 57. Tularosa Basin, NM 58. Buffalo, NY 59. Fort Drum, NY 60. New York Capital District, NY 61. New York City, NY* 62. Fort Bragg, NC 63. Cape Fear, NC 64. Coastal Carolina, NC 65. Minot, ND 66. Cincinnati, OH* 67. Kittyhawk, OH 68. Oklahoma City, OK 69. Tulsa, OK 70. Wichita Mountains OK/TX 71. Portland, OR* 72. Philadelphia, PA 73. Pittsburgh, PA 74. Narragansett Bay, RI* 75. Carolina Midlands, SC 76. Charleston, SC* 77. Memphis, TN 78. Nashville, TN 79. Tennessee Valley, TN 80. Dallas, TX 81. El Paso, TX 82. Fort Hood, TX 83. Fort Worth, TX* 84. HoustonGalveston, TX* 85. San Antonio, TX*** 86. Great Basin, UT 87. Blue Ridge, VA 88. Central Virginia, VA 89. Hampton Roads, VA** 90. Northern Virginia, VA* 91. Virginia Peninsula, VA* 92. Lewis & Clark, WA 93. Mount Tacoma, WA 94. Seattle, WA* 95. Huntington, WV* 96. Frontier, WY

In-Country: Posts and Field Chapters Over the Years and Around the World

15 4

5 9

13 1

12 11

Current Posts and Field Chapters Former Foreign Post Locations

CURRENT INTERNATIONAL POSTS AND FIELD CHAPTERS, ACTIVE IN 2020 MIDDLE EAST 1. Bahrain Field Chapter 2. Djibouti Field Chapter 3. Doha Field Chapter GERMANY 4. Kaiserslautern 5. Rhein-Main

GUAM 6. Guam 7. Philippines Field Chapter HONDURAS 8. Soto Cano Field Chapter ITALY 9. Dolomiti Field Chapter 10. Naples Field Chapter

JAPAN 11. Japan KOREA 12. Korea 13. Kunsan Field Chapter SPAIN 14. Rota Field Chapter UNITED KINGDOM 15. United Kingdom

Since 1920, SAME has responded to the needs of members around the world by opening Posts and Field Chapters as conditions required. (Posts are authorized to host Field Chapters, which are smaller, local Field Chapter was no longer required, and it was often disbanded. At various times, in addition to the active Posts and Field Chapters shown in red above, SAME has maintained Posts or Field Chapters in such locations as Baghdad; Cairo; Guantanamo Bay; Heidelberg, Germany; both current and former, see page 160.)

102

online webinars and access to more than 1,100 on-demand courses through partners. Meanwhile, the Society has helped members earn professional development hours and maintain professional licenses, credentials, and certifications; offered mentoring programs for young members and students; and maintained an online Job Center to link employers and candidates. Its Career Transition Workshop has helped veterans who are transitioning into the private sector, as well as SAME members looking for a career change, with résumé-building and job interview training and meetings with organizations that are hiring. In 2019, the Society launched a national Leader Development Program, a yearlong course targeting mid-career members in which participants work with SAME mentors and develop leadership skills through training, study, and utilization projects. With its comprehensive portfolio of initiatives, SAME has seen its membership become more active and engaged—and the Society’s impact has continued to grow. But there is always more to accomplish. With that in mind, Fisher, when he was the Society’s President, in 2018, urged members to do “just one more” and work collectively to further harness the power and experiences of the Society’s nearly 30,000 members. “Just One More” became an oftrepeated theme for the organization, representing both the continued potential of SAME and the willingness of members to become involved. It was no coincidence that the Just One More battle cry came with just one more year until the Society’s Centennial. SAME was seizing its moment.

After ISIS occupied Iraq’s Mosul Dam (below) worry that the structure could collapse, releasing some 32 billion gallons of water on a project to shore up the structure. (Above) Members of the Mosul Task Force join with members of the U.S. Corps of Engineers Transatlantic Division Leadership Team for a tour inside the dam’s outlet tunnels.

Stepping Into the Next Century As the Society approached its Centennial, its members in their day jobs could be found supporting military and humanitarian missions around the world. This included patrolling hotspots such as Yemen and fighting the Islamic State in

103

C O N N E C T I N G PA S T, P R E S E N T & F U T U R E

Nurturing Tomorrow’s Engineers ENRICHING THE STEM PIPELINE FOR THE NATION

SAME has a long tradition of STEM outreach and education, for the military as well as students of all ages.

In the 21st century,

it needs to stay

Plan -

104

2025 SAME Strategic

SAME’s transition program helped veterans coming out of the service, as well as SAME members looking for a career change, with résumé-building and job interview training. Syria to force-protection projects in Afghanistan and civil works in Iraq, such as the repair of the Mosul Dam, which was crucial to protecting some 3.9 million people. In TME, members could read about engineers teaching military construction skills to local forces in Botswana; providing engineering, medical, and community outreach expertise in Palau; and strengthening infrastructure and facilities on Wake Island. Articles also discussed efforts to increase energy resilience and security at U.S. military bases overseas and at home, and projects that included the design of a stateof-the-art Navy SEAL Training Center and the High Explosives Science and Engineering Facility for the Nuclear Security Enterprise. Increasingly, coverage focused on new and innovative approaches to funding, planning, and executing large, collaborative projects. Writing in late 2020 about the need to bolster Navy bases in the Pacific in the face of growing threats, Rear Adm. John Adametz, USN, noted that “focus on speed and agility is what our nation needs from the defense engineering sector to win in the era of Great Power Competition.” In this environment, he explained, “there is no longer time for field offices, project managers, and subcontractors to go back and forth for six months following award. Moving with a sense of urgency is required.” Military and private-sector engineers tackled a range of civil work projects in the United States as well, such as the repair of locks and dams on waterways, the expansion of ports to handle larger oceangoing ships, and the restoration of the Everglades and other aquatic environ-

ments. SAME members wrote, read, or shared accounts of humanitarian rescue and rebuilding efforts in the wake of natural disasters across the country. These included discussions of their many humanitarian efforts following major and devastating hurricanes that struck Puerto Rico, Florida, Texas, and the East Coast, as well as floods, mudslides, and tornadoes elsewhere in the country.

uch events were having a growing impact on national security and the engineering community. In mid-2018, Lt. Gen. Todd Semonite, USA, Army Chief of Engineers and Commanding General of the Army Corps of Engineers at the time, wrote in TME that “during the last year, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers responded to 48 natural disasters, including hurricanes, floods, mudslides, and tornadoes. More than 4,000 personnel from all nine USACE divisions and 43 districts delivered life-saving engineering expertise to millions of citizens throughout our nation. USACE teammates have worked around the clock, with our partners, to aid disaster survivors—delivering public works and engineering expertise.” He added that “often, it is in the aftermath of disasters that the value of engineering and robust public infrastructure becomes quite clear.” While these efforts were underway, many SAME members were also planning for the Society’s 2020 Centennial Celebration. These events were designed to be both a commemoration of past achievements and a look forward to future efforts. The kickoff for the anniversary was sched-

105

In January 1920, the creation of SAME was announced in the The Military Engineer—and a century later, that magazine and the Society were still thriving. The cover of the JanuaryFebruary 2020 issue featured drone-collected images used to document damage from a natural disaster in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Inside, in addition to unveiling the 2025 SAME Strategic Plan, articles covered the ethical the use of high-performance computing to enhance system security. A section on environmental engineering looked at tackling PFAS contamination at military bases and innovative approaches to managing water at the Fort Irwin desert warfare training center in California. A recap of a recent SAME Small Business Conference noted that the event attracted more than 3,700 attendees and 450 exhibitors, and “the word of the week was risk—why it’s essential for entrepreneurs to take; why it’s become the pivot point in federal acquisition; and why we are facing it in this new era of Great Power Competition.”

Faced With a Pandemic, JETC Went Virtual

Mike Rowe, well-known host of the television program Dirty Jobs, headlined the conference.

Siemens Government Technologies’ Christine Tsai moderated “Developing Executive Presence.”

Gen. Stanley McChrystal, USA (Ret.), founder, The McChrystal Group, opened the third day.

Col. Mickey Addison, USAF (Ret.), from Deloitte Consulting, set out “Rules for Leaders.”

Michael Geary (top right) moderated a panel on marketing and business development.

Mabbett & Associates’ Tony Price moderated a session on employers and the remote workforce.

Penn State’s Mahmoud Habibnezhad discussed using automation and robotics in construction.

Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, Executive Director, SAME, introduced a new generation of leaders.

Vice Adm. Jerome Adams, MD, USPHS, then the U.S. Surgeon General, gave the closing remarks.

When the COVID-19 pandemic caused the cancellation of in-person events around the world, SAME’s long-planned, Washington, D.C.-based Centennial Celebration at JETC in May 2020 was no exception. Still, more than 2,100 attendees tuned in for a carefully curated collection of online presentations covering such topics as critical infrastructure, organizational effectiveness, and cost engineering, and featuring presenters who ranged from all six Engineering Chiefs to Mike Rowe, host of TV’s Dirty Jobs. In addition, 2019 SAME President Buddy Barnes blew out the candles on a 100th birthday cake, and Heather Wishart-Smith was sworn in for her term as SAME’s 101st President. Based on both the success of the virtual format and an abundance of caution as the pandemic continued, SAME decided that JETC 2021 would also be a virtual event.

106

uled to be held at JETC 2020, which was to take place in Washington, D.C., in May, and many Posts around the country had also planned their own celebratory activities. Early in the year, however, those plans were suddenly disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. With travel restrictions, stay-at-home orders, and the need for social distancing, JETC and other in-person events were no longer feasible. “Our 100th year has been one of preparation and anticipation, then reaction and adaptation,” wrote 100th SAME President Lt. Col. Wendell L. “Buddy” Barnes, USA (Ret.), in TME in mid-2020, describing this sudden shift. As engineering professionals have done so often in the past, SAME had to adjust to meet changing realities. One of the first adjustments was the recasting of JETC 2020 into a virtual event (see page 106). In spite of this abrupt change of plans—and the scramble to move an entire conference online in just weeks—the Virtual 2020 JETC meeting was a success, with more than 2,100 registrants sitting in on keynote addresses, education and training sessions, and networking opportunities. Vice Adm. Jerome Adams, MD, USPHS, then America’s Surgeon General, provided the closing keynote address. As the pandemic continued, that pivot to a digital world set the tone throughout 2020. Many SAME Posts transformed their planned Centennial Celebrations into virtual events, and Regions, Posts, and Communities of Interest saw increased participation. By the end of the year, because of expanded technological access, SAME had successfully executed all of its planned national activities, from the JETC and SBC conferences to its IGE Roundtables, Leader Development Program graduation, SAME Fellows Investiture, and numerous governance activities—all of them held in a virtual environment. Heather Wishart-Smith, as she was sworn in as the 101st SAME President at JETC 2020, put the disruptions of the coronavirus in context (see page 99). SAME, she

Sincerely, Emma Hopson / Colorado Technology Student Association State Treasurer, Special Projects Committee Chair

Investing in the next generation of America’s STEM professionals has become an important part of SAME’s activities. One of these future professionals, Emma Hopson, expressed her gratitude—and hopefulness—when she sent this email (above) after she and other high school students attended an SAME conference in 2018.

107

pointed out, was founded in the wake of the devastating Spanish flu epidemic, which the nation and the world eventually got past. “It is important, and even inspirational, to recognize that what we are going through right now is not unique, it is not permanent, and it will not bring down our nation or SAME,” she said. Looking ahead, she added, “I hope that in another hundred years, our current pandemic will be largely forgotten, and words like COVID-19 and social distancing will no longer be part of our vocabulary. But I don’t have to hope—I know that SAME and our nation will be even stronger and more resilient, due to the value and impact we are laying the groundwork for today.” (Above) The Corps of Engineers awarded a construction contract in the spring of 2020 to Robins & Morton of Miami Beach to convert that city’s convention center into a 450bed hospital to serve COVID-19 patients. Here, a worker installs ICU and acute-care pods. (Below) Andrea Hunt, a teacher’s aide at The Sullivans School, onboard Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka (CFAY), receives the COVID-19 vaccine from Hospital Corpsman Janasia Spotson, USN, during a vaccine distribution event at CFAY’s Hawk’s Nest.

108

hile a Virtual JETC was not the “first choice” for how to kick off SAME’s second century, the event proved a symbolic way to conclude the Society’s first 100 years and laid the groundwork for continued success. A century ago, SAME was founded, in essence, to bring people together. One hundred years later, during a time that in many ways paralleled the era in which it was born, the Society did it once again. In the larger picture, the pandemic was essentially a detour on SAME’s journey into its second century. The nation continued to face complex and fundamental challenges in terms of national security, and SAME had prepared itself to play a vital role in meeting those ongoing challenges. As Brig. Gen. John Allen Jr., USAF, then Director of Civil Engineers, told TME in late 2019, “For decades, SAME has supported military engineers by providing a platform for knowledge-sharing and training with the private sector. SAME is an engineering powerhouse, and its value to our military cannot be overstated. We are one team—and we look forward to seeing what more we can achieve together.”

IN FOCUS

SAME Awards and Recognition

An Increasingly Varied Way to Say Thank You Acknowledging superior performance is important in any enterprise, but for a volunteer organization like SAME, it is especially critical. To bring that commitment to life, SAME provides a wealth of awards that recognize everything from Post successes to outstanding volunteers and the career achievements of prominent members in government, industry, and the military. gram. When it did launch one, it was based on the military model, familiar since the time of Napoleon, that awarded medals for important accomplishments. In 1925, of Direction voted to give to “that member of The Society who has rendered the most conspicuous and meritorious service to The Society.” The Board also voted to award the medal retroactively to 1920, when SAME was founded, which means the medal has honored members throughout SAME’s complete history. In the spring of 2005, the award was renamed the Walter O. Bachus Gold Medal,

109

Gold Medal, originally awarded in 1925, is now known as the Walter O. Bachus Gold Medal, after a former Society Executive Director with a distinguished military career. He was a two-time recipient of this medal.

In 1955, SAME authorized four military engineering medals, including one named for Maj. Gen. James Newman, USAF (above). A similar award was named for Adm. John Oren, USCG (below), in 1968.

(Above) Maj. Gen. Emerson Itschner, USA, presents the 1957 Gold Medal to Gen. John Schulz, USA (Ret.). (Below) Maj. Gen Eugene Lupia, USAF, presents Rear Adm. Dave Nash, USN,

TME

A Multifaceted Approach to Recognition -

110

Honor and Action -

TME

One of SAME’s highest honors, being named a Fellow, is reserved for those “who have rendered dedicated and outstanding service to the Society, military engineering, and the A/E/C profession” over the long term. Only about two dozen members a year become Fellows, out of the Society’s total of nearly 29,000. (For a full list, see page 144.) While being a Fellow is an honor, the Academy of Fellows carries recognition further. Each year, it holds a dinner to bestow two Golden Eagle Awards—one to a SAME Fellow for outstanding contributions to their profession and SAME, and another to a prominent leader service to the nation. The Academy also annually honors a Fellow for showing commitment to leadership and mentoring during their SAME career with the Gerald C. Brown Mentoring Award. Each Fellow pledges to work ac-

111

tively to support SAME’s strategic goals and, especially, to provide mentoring across the Society and to support Posts. Fellows are fundamental to SAME’s ability to do succession planning, and identifying and developing the next generation of members who will carry the organization forward. Overall, being a Fellow is both a well-deserved recognition and a call to pay it forward. “I urge you to approach this honor of being invested as a Fellow not as a moment in time, or a professional ‘lifetime achievement award’ of sorts,” said Heather Wishart-Smith, SAME 2020 President, upon receiving the 2018 Brown Award. “Rather, I urge you to approach your new status as Fellow as the start of a new opportunity, a charge to be a role model, a charge to be a mentor, and a charge to share all you have learned with future leaders with whom much can be shared, and just as much learned.”

Accepting their Golden Eagle Awards in 2019 were (left) Linda McKnight and (center) Ambassador Douglas Lute. (Right) Hal Rosen, one of the founders of the Academy of Fellows in 1995, receives the Golden Eagle Award in 2017.

A Window Into History Each year, SAME’s named national awards recognize the accomplishments of current members. But they also provide insight into the Society’s history—and its impact on military engineering. Many of SAME’s awards and medals are named after prominent individuals from the military. For example, the Goethals Medal recognizes Maj. Gen. George Goethals, USA, who supervised the opening of the Panama Canal and served as Canal Zone. The Bliss Medal was named after Gen. Tasker Bliss, USA, Chief of Staff for the Army from 1917 to 1918, a member of the Supreme War Council during World War I, and a signatory of the Treaty of Versailles. Other national awards and medwho served as SAME President. These individuals include Adm. Ben Moreell, USN, the “Father of the Seabees”; Maj. Gen. James Newman Jr., USAF, who oversaw the construction of ground facilities for U.S. forces in Europe during World War II; Lt. Gen. Emerson Itschner, USA, who in the 48 states during World War II and the postwar reconstruction of ports and supply routes in Europe; and Lt. Gen. John Morris, USA, who War II and an engineer brigade in the Vietnam War, and later oversaw

$17 billion in construction in Saudi Arabia. Named awards have honored prominent civilians as well. The Tudor Medal is named after Ralph Tudor, a well-known civil engineer who served as Undersecretary of the U.S. Interior Department and SAME President. The Seymour S.

Award honors the Parsons Brinckerhoff executive who worked on building the North American Air Defense Command Combat Operations Center, the Joint ArmyNavy-Air Force Communications

And the Urbahn Medal was named after architect Max Urbahn, known for designing the Vehicle Assembly Building at Cape Canaveral, Florida, among others. Urbahn Medal winners recently joined together into an informal advisory group that continues to support SAME’s Architectural Practice Community of Interest. Finally, some SAME awards honor the too-often somber reality David M. Fraser Award, for example, is named after a West Point Class of 2004 graduate who was killed in action in Iraq in 2006. The Shields

(Clockwise from lower left) National awards honor Maj. Gen. George Goethals, USA, Gen. Tasker Marvin Glenn Shields, USN, a Seabee Bliss, USA, Lt. Gen. John Morris, USA, and architect Max Urbahn, killed in action during the Vietnam War and posthumously awarded the who designed the iconic NASA Vehicle Assembly Building at Cape Medal of Honor in 1966. Canaveral, shown above, once the For a complete list of SAME world’s largest building by volume. named awards, see page 150.

112

Challenge Coins: Small but Powerful Recognition can involve a stage and a formal ceremony,

113

114

Chapter Six

Where We Are Headed

Building Toward SAME’s Second Century

As SAME’s second century began to unfold, members across the engineering community could look back on a rich history of service dedicated to patriotism and national security, while at the same time casting an eye toward the future. That future brimmed with promise, but at that moment, the world was stalled in the throes of a once-in-a-century pandemic. Yet even as it navigated the challenges of COVID-19, the Society continued its work to expand its impact and bring people together to make a difference. A number of traditional threats had subsided over the course of 100 years, but others remained, complicated by an array of new, emerging challenges. Climate change— which could be seen in extreme meteorological events, declining Arctic sea ice, rising sea temperatures and levels, droughts, and wildfires—was having a growing influence on strategic thinking, missions, plans, and capabilities.

Cyberattacks on vital systems, conducted by individual actors and adversarial nations, had become more widespread. Now these attacks were a growing risk as the Fourth Industrial Revolution brought increased automation to manufacturing and industrial processes, smart devices that diagnose problems without human intervention, and a growing variety of Internet of Things devices. This increasingly connected world was transforming the economy and society, but it was also creating new risks and vulnerabilities to data, systems, and critical infrastructure.

115

A KEY INGREDIENT OF SUCCESS

From the Society’s earliest days, founders expressed the contention that exposure to different perspectives was a key ingredient to success. “It is not ‘military minds,’ but broad minds which we seek to develop,” TME reported in 1921, “minds whose point of view commands the entire horizon. Such is the composite mind of our Society, and such we desire to have the mind of each individual member.” Nearly 100 years later, SAME Foundation President Col. John Mogge Jr., USAF (Ret.), echoed these sentiments when he wrote about the need to support “our brilliant, patriotic, and talented young men and women through early career leadership opportunities” and providing them with mentors (see page 123).

Any understanding of the future includes some uncertainties, but in 2021, uncertainty had become a given. In a fast-moving, interconnected world, sudden and

At the end of SAME’s 100th anniversary, TME’s NovemberDecember 2020 issue featured a blend of past and present. The cover story focused on design and construction work at the National Museum of the Marine Corps, performed by a SAME Sustaining Member. The roof’s innovative design was inspired by the iconic photograph of U.S. Marines raising Articles also explored U.S. Navy efforts to streamline project delivery for future initiatechniques for making structures potential use of 3D printing in making tactical buildings and manned robots to explore the interiors of large dams. A special section offered articles on “Retopic of strategic importance for the Society and the nation in the 21st century, while the origins of standing scholarship program were featured in the Historical

Terrorism, both foreign and domestic, continued to be a concern. Population growth, urbanization, and water and resource scarcity pointed to potential economic and political upheaval. And the nation was facing an increasingly competitive security landscape, with China’s growing economic and military power making the Pacific a key focus. With these growing, multifaceted threats, it was clear that SAME and its members would need to be ready to respond fully and effectively, when and where they were needed. In the pages of TME, in programs at the Society’s national conferences and workshops, on webinar screens, and at Post meetings, broad coverage through articles and presentations reflected the tremendous range of efforts involved in addressing this changing and complex environment. Members could explore topics such as reducing climate vulnerability at Army facilities, combating wildfires in the American West, extensive modernization work at Coast Guard facilities besieged by flooding, best practices for designing information-secure government facilities, and the work of the Marine Corps to ensure energy security and resilience at domestic installations. They could learn about the activities of their fellow members across the United States, from Florida to Guam and the Aleutian Islands, as well as in Japan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and numerous other international locations. They could read and hear about the application of new technologies, such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and data analytics, to support engineers’ missions. They could learn about steps being taken to support development of future leaders for the engineering pro-

116

fession. And they could find information from each of the Engineering Service Chiefs about how military engineering organizations were preparing for the future. By nature, any understanding of the future includes some uncertainties, but in 2021, uncertainty was becoming a given. In a fast-moving, interconnected world, sudden and difficult-to-predict disruption was becoming the norm. Leaders were learning to expect the unexpected. For more than a decade, SAME had been broadening its concept of supporting national security and preparing for a bright future—and now, armed with a new strategic plan and the energy generated by its Centennial, the Society was ready. In early 2021, SAME President-Elect Rear Adm. Mark Handley, USN (Ret.), could look back after a year of pandemic-driven challenges and disruptive change and report that “SAME is on a great path—and we are stronger now than we have ever been before.”

A Path Into the Next Century The 2025 SAME Strategic Plan, launched in 2020, was designed to help chart a course for the Society’s second century. This plan reflected the efforts that SAME had been taking in recent years and described how those efforts would provide a bridge between a long and storied history and a future full of promise and potential. (See an overview of the 2025 SAME Strategic Plan, page 118.) The first strategic plan of SAME’s second century offered a concise vision of the role the Society intends to play

(Above left) Coast Guard servicemembers near Barrow, Alaska, pull a buoy equipped with a series of sensors for measuring wind speed and direction, air temperature, barometric ics, in 2018. (Bottom left)

Southern California in May 2014. (Above) In 2020, a Marine with the Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command in the cyber operations center at Lasswell Hall in Fort Meade, Maryland, conducts offensive and defensive cyber operations in support of the U.S. Cyber Command, operating, securing, and defending the Marine Corps Enterprise Network.

117

Targeting Tomorrow’s Milestones, Together BUILDING A BRIDGE BETWEEN HISTORY AND THE FUTURE Heading into its second century, SAME developed a strategic goals that would guide and align activities across the Society. In the Society’s past efforts, as well as where it planned to go in the years ahead, providing a bridge between its history and its future. ■ Strengthen industrygovernment engagement: Lead efforts to foster communication and build relationships among military, public, private, academic, and professional organizations; further collaboration to identify issues and develop solutions in support of national security. ■ Build and sustain resilient communities: Lead efforts to prepare communities to absorb, recover, and adapt from natural and man-made threats; fortify our nation’s resolve directly where people work and live. ■ Develop leaders for the profession: Lead efforts to enhance leadership development and cultivate the talent necessary to address the nation’s grand challenges; ensure the enduring stewardship of the A/E/C profession. ■ Enrich the STEM pipeline for the nation: Lead efforts to inspire, encourage, and enable youth to pursue STEM careers; help develop the technical capacity that our nation needs to remain globally competitive.

■ Prepare servicemembers and veterans for the A/E/C industry: Lead efforts to fully integrate military and government members into the A/E/C industry; support training, credentialing, and networking initiatives that build, maintain, and translate skills to meet current and future needs. Together, these goals leverage the strengths of SAME to support America’s engineering and national security needs.

118

when it will “serve our nation as the foremost integrator for leadership development and technical collaboration within the A/E/C profession.” To make that vision a reality, the plan laid out five mission-centric goals: strengthen industry-government engagement, build and sustain resilient communities, develop leaders for the profession, enrich the STEM pipeline for the nation, and prepare servicemembers and veterans for the A/E/C industry. While these goals have guided SAME’s activities for some time, the plan gave them increased visibility and focus aligned with the country’s National Security Strategy. These goals were designed to meet the intersecting needs of two sets of stakeholders: Society members and the nation. In previous periods, SAME’s strategic plans (which at times included annual plans and quadrennial plans) had been developed by leadership, often in a top-down manner. That began to change in 2015 with the 2020 SAME Strategic Plan, and when the 2025 SAME Strategic Plan was created, the development process drew upon a broad range of input and effort from all facets of membership. The plan was crafted “of the people, by the people, for the people,” wrote Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.), Co-Chair of the SAME Strategic Plan Task Force and 2017 SAME National President. “We thought it was imperative to hear new voices.” The task force “canvased the membership for volunteers reflecting all demographics of the Society: members from the military, government, and industry; Young Members and Fellows; Posts of all sizes,” Nodjomian continued. The task force also gathered input from the Board of Direction, national leadership, Regional Vice Presidents, the Communities of Interest, and a diverse range of members at a Post Leaders Workshop. Incorporating these varied perspectives, he said, the task force completed the plan with the aim of “developing goals and objectives in which every member of the Society can see themselves—and importantly, motivate them to become actively engaged.”

The United States has faced shortages of engineering

Thinking About the Future

growing even more acute in the 21st century, driven by the This inclusive approach to the process will serve the Society well in the future. In a changing world, new and updated strategic plans will be needed over the coming years. The process used for the 2025 plan will provide a valuable template for doing so, utilizing “a diverse group of professionals from across our Society to build our strategic plan, taking a look at the landscape to see what’s really important to members and the country,” said Handley. “The dynamic strategic planning process we used can be redone every few years, and that can help keep us effective and relevant as we go forward.”

Leveraging the Human Element While the 2025 SAME Strategic Plan contains five distinct goals, they are interwoven with one another. The first— strengthening industry-government engagement—recommits the Society to its core mission of helping the engineering community work across boundaries. The second goal—build and sustain resilient communities—reflects the need to defend against the broad and changing challenges facing the nation, which will require industry and government to collaborate. Both of these goals align with the Society’s lineage of technical expertise and impact. The other three goals essentially target the need to identify and develop human capital and empower people to support national security—which will be key to achieving the first two goals. That focus on human capital is an especially critical factor in an era of rapid change and significant uncertain-

ty because individuals with the right skills, experience, and knowledge are the key to finding new solutions and responding effectively to the threats and opportunities that can emerge over time. “We are at a crossroads in the United States with some of the toughest infrastructure challenges we have ever faced, along with significant geopolitical concerns around the world—the future of which are unpredictable,” wrote Caroline Roberts and Lt. Col. Michael Darrow, USA (Ret.), Co-Chairs of SAME’s Leader Development Community of Interest, in discussing the new strategic plan. “This all requires new ideas, innovation, collaboration, and leaders to pull teams together.” The United States has faced shortages of engineering talent for much of the past century, but that shortage is growing even more acute in the 21st century. That’s due in part to the private sector’s ever-rising demand for engineering, driven by the central role technology has come to play in business. At the same time, the talent supply lags behind, with fewer students and young adults entering technical fields and large numbers of older workers retiring and taking their knowledge with them. SAME is in a unique position to help address this critical issue with programs that cover the development spectrum, from students starting to explore STEM to seasoned professionals who are well along in their careers. For example, SAME continues to work with the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines Corps to operate national engineering and construction camps for high school students, and under SAME’s strategy, it is bolstering support

119

n 2011, then Commander of the First Naval Construction Division (Seabees) Rear Adm. Mark Handley, USN, wrote in TME that SAME helped “broaden my horizons and understand the ‘art standing the art of the possible presents a real opportunity for the Society, said Handley, now an industry executive and partners, the Society constantly adds to the pool of A/E/C and is to focus that knowledge under the banner of thought leadership. “We have a tremendous platform for fostering thought leadership within SAME and our further leverage the expertise found across the Society to solve ideas that inspire military engi-

(Top) An Atlas V AEHF-6 rocket, a communications relay satellite, successfully launches from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, March 2020. (Below) An unmanned ground vehicle is tested at Florida’s Tyndall Air Force Base, November 2020.

for these camps and other local STEM camps through financial and logistical support, programmatic oversight, and the increased involvement of mentors and volunteers. Additionally, Posts hold their own STEM outreach events, such as math and robotics competitions and science fairs, and frequently provide scholarships to area youth to support their growth and development in engineering fields. SAME’s K-12 STEM Outreach Community of Interest focuses on engaging young people in technical fields, while its College Outreach COI works with academia, Posts, the military, government agencies, and the private sector to create programs to mentor and support future STEM professionals. Ultimately, both groups work to strengthen the engineering talent pipeline.

or SAME members who have already launched their careers, the Society offers a suite of professional development opportunities, such as the courses offered at SAME’s national events, including the Joint Engineer Training Conference, the Facilities Management Workshop, and the Federal Small Business Conference. The Society also puts much effort into building mentoring relationships, which is especially valuable for its Enlisted and Young Professionals COIs. While mentoring has traditionally meant older members helping younger members, in the 21st century that script is due for an update, said Victoria Mechtly, Chair of SAME’s Young Professionals COI, which encourages young members who are several years along in their careers to mentor those just starting out. Younger members can play a valuable role in helping older members as well, Mechtly pointed out. “Young members can be mentors as well as mentees—they have a lot of knowledge to bring to the table,” she said. For example, junior members can help more senior members make better use of new tools and technologies to enhance communications and collaboration and offer insights into con-

120

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

SAME’s Guiding Hands PROVIDING CONTINUITY THROUGH YEARS OF SERVICE stantly evolving technologies. “I think that in the future, we can take advantage of these types of mutually beneficial, two-way mentoring relationships,” Mechtly said. SAME is also increasing efforts to connect with veterans who are transitioning from the service and joining the private sector—a vital but too-often underutilized source of talent. The Society provides financial support for professional development to individuals while they are still on active duty. Then, as they leave the military, SAME guides them to job fairs and connections with Sustaining Member companies, networking and mentoring opportunities, and transition counseling assistance. “There is a lot of general support for veterans, such as VA benefits, but there has traditionally been a kind of void in preparing them professionally for industry,” said Handley. “So SAME is meeting a vital need with this kind of transition assistance.” These programs do more than help the individual, Handley continued. “The A/E/C community really needs the talent, expertise, and perspective that military engineers coming out of the service can offer,” he said. But most important, he added, “this is the right thing to do.” Effective leadership is, of course, a key success factor in any effort to leverage the power of human talent. Leadership has always been a critical factor for SAME, which has long offered opportunities and training focused on developing leaders. But in preparation for its second century, SAME adopted a more systematic approach to leadership development. This approach includes the creation of a Leader Development COI that is charged with identifying and encouraging leaders and ensuring that there is a robust succession of leaders for the Society, the A/E/C industry, and the nation. This COI’s signature program is the SAME Leader Development Program (LDP). In this one-year program, established in 2019, high-potential, mid-career members from the public and private sectors complete a

For a century, SAME’s Executive Directors (XDs) have kept the Society running on a day-to-day basis—but they have done a great deal more to enable its long-term success. XDs have typically stayed in their roles for years, providing continuity that extends beyond the one-year terms of Society Presidents—and that has been key to SAME moving forward. For example, Maj. Lenox Lohr, USA, who held the position from 1922 to 1929, was instrumental in of organization and management he brought the Society safely through its early years and had a major part in laying the strong foundation upon which it has subsequently grown,” wrote Col. J. The continuity provided by XDs continued to be important as SAME navigated the 20th century. Bell was followed in the role by

an War, the Cold War, and Vietnam —a period when the demands on SAME were constantly evolving and expanding. The XD has also been charged with nurturing the kind of longer-term, multiyear efforts needed to prepare the Society for the -

growth and put the Society on a sound footing—efforts that added thousands of new members and earned him the nickname “Mr. SAME.” Dr. Robert Wolff oversaw the evolution of SAME’s annual conference into JETC and helped expand the Small Business Conference into a na-

velopment programs, forged numerous strategic partnerships, and took a more robust approach to strategic planning. SAME is somewhat unusual in that its XDs have not been career association executives. Instead, they have had prominent military or business careers and often long associations with SAME, which has allowed them to bring invaluable relationships and a deep understanding of members to the job. Typically their tour as XD has not been an endpoint but rather a waystation in their SAME service. As Wolff wrote in his last TME column as XD, “I will then transition back to where I started in this great organization, in the role of SAME volunteer, with many years of service planned ahead.”

121

(Top) J. Franklin Bell, Executive Director, 19401947. (Middle) Walter Bachus, Executive Director, 1978–1993. (Bottom) Bob Wolff, Executive Director, 2002–2014.

Governance: Evolving With the Times ADAPTING TO CHANGING REGULATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS HAS STRENGTHENED THE SOCIETY In 1950, Brig. Gen. Gilbert Youngberg, USA (Ret.), the Society’s second President (1922), credited now long line of Presidents, Secretaries, and other ofby boards of uniformly distinguished Directors.” been vital to the Society, especially in its early years. But as SAME grew in size and impact, it needed to do more than rely on leaders alone. It also had to make changes to the way it operated. In particular, SAME went through two landmark changes to its governance structure, both brought were prohibited from heading up organizations like SAME, resulting in the resignation of many SAME

Meanwhile, SAME was also taking steps to bring more continuity to its strategic planning. In the past, the Society had created longer, multiyear plans from time to time, but a one-year horizon was more comties. As a result, continuity in strategic direction was maintained largely by Executive Directors, who typically stayed in their roles for a decade or longer (see page 121). As it approached its Centennial, however, the Society established a more rigorous approach to strategic planning, which eventually replaced the traditional top-down process with an inclusive process based on input from across the organization. This led to a comprehensive strategic plan developed in

for an organization largely built on Army leadership. and the change ultimately helped make the Society stronger by involving more leaders from other branches of the services and the private sector. Decades later, government regulations once again made it necessary for the Society to revisit the way it operated. “SAME is embarking on a major change in its governance in response to the stricter interpretations of the Joint Ethics Regulations by Department of Defense attorneys,” wrote Dr. Robert Wolff, SAME’s Executive Director at the time, in 2012. Under the new governance structure, serving military they had provided a key link with the military. As disruptive as this was, Wolff recognized its long-term SAME well in the future as we capitalize on the strong leadership of our industry leaders, many of whom are retired military leaders.” continuity of leadership, with Presidents being actively involved in the years before and after their terms—essentially, keeping the executive engaged in leading over three years, rather than just one. Over the next several years, this model would prove to be highly effective as volunteer members embraced senior leadership roles in the Society.

The Society has adapted its strategic planning over the years.

122

years, and another unveiled in 2020 that launched SAME into its second century. These changes have brought clarity to how SAME operates and where it is going—which in turn helps 2025 SAME Strategic Plan focused on what members have shown they are in the country’s National Security Strategy. “Part of what has made us attractive to our members is that we are a very ethical organization,” said Heather Wishart-Smith, SAME’s 2020 President. “The Society is open to everyone, and very transparent in the way we do things. Both our government and industry members recognize that this is a very aboveboard, ethical organization with a strong history of supporting national security.”

curriculum of independent and group coursework, culminating in a capstone project that delivers tangible value to the Society. In the first cohort to go through the program, individual projects included setting up a virtual SAME chapter for deployed servicemembers, facilitating industry-government mentorships between young professionals, and an assessment of what resiliency means to the Department of Defense. In addition, several class members worked on a series of supporting tools and resources for the SAME Camps Program, including a mobile app for campers to use during camp sessions and afterward to stay engaged with each other and their mentors. The LDP is fully underwritten by the SAME Foundation, which plays a fundamental role in the Society’s development of leaders for the future—and harnesses the Society’s commitment and energy to meet one of the country’s critical challenges. In 2019, Col. John Mogge Jr., USAF (Ret.), the first President of the SAME Foundation and a past Society National President (2014), wrote: “Our continued national security is materially dependent on technical superiority, which comes from engineers, scientists, planners, and innovators—many of whom can be found in the ranks of our Society. We as a nation simply cannot leave the development of these highly talented young technologists to chance and hope that one day they will be in key national security leadership positions. We must enable our brilliant, patriotic, and talented young men and women through early career leadership opportunities and provide them mentors. We must support their entry into as many defining leadership roles as possible.”

Reaching Across Boundaries The 2025 SAME Strategic Plan—and the Society’s everexpanding scope of initiatives—is built on the concept of collaboration that has been at the core of the organization

n 1972, SAME decided to create the grade of Fellow as an honorary distinction for individuals with at least 10 years of membership and either dedicated and outstanding service to the Society or em-

After the initial group was chosen, selections continued to be made by the Executive Director and Awards Committee until the Academy of Fellows 1995. The distinguished body was established through the vision of several SAME leaders, (Ret.), who chaired the Working Committee that oversaw establishment of the academy and its focus on mentoring, which has endured for over a quarter-century.

at The Alamo in San Antonio in 1995.

leadership noted that these individuals “bring deep knowledge and expertise, across various government and privateindustry organizations, along with hands-on experience leading and managing projects With its new direction, the Academy of Fellows was ready to put this knowledge and expertise to work across SAME.

October 19, 1995, at the historic Alamo in San Antonio. From the beginning, the selection of Fellows was seen as an award of recognition, not as a charge to serve the Society. This continued even with the establishment of the Academy of Fellows. Then in early 2018, the Academy of Fellows met and took a serious internal look as the So-

Bringing the Academy to Life: The AOF Working Committee

to transform the group into an active organi-

• • • • • •

title to encourage continued service. “We have -

of Fellows Chair. Among other commitments, Fellows pledged to “understand the National

Addressing new Fellows in early 2021,

123

Over the years, many esteemed leaders have given much to the Academy of Fellows in building and sustaining its impact, but none more than the original Working Committee, which brought it to life in 1995. Brig. Gen. Gerald Brown, F.SAME, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Joseph Ahearn, F.SAME, USAF (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, F.SAME, USA (Ret.) Vice Adm. Bruce Beran, F.SAME, USCG (Ret.) Suzanne DiGeronimo, FAIA, F.SAME Brig. Gen. Jimmy Dishner, F.SAME, USAFR (Ret.)

• Brig. Gen. Robert Lee, F.SAME, USA (Ret.) • Maj. Gen. James McCarthy, F.SAME, USAF (Ret.) • Lt. Gen. John Morris, F.SAME, USA (Ret.) • Lt. Gen. Max Noah, F.SAME, USA (Ret.) • Harold Rosen, F.SAME

(Above) Students enrolled with the

cer Leadership Course conducting a slump test. (Right) SAME Executive Director Joe Schroedel addresses the 2019 Federal Small Business Conference in Dallas.

since its inception. The Society’s initial goal of bringing military and private-sector engineers together quickly expanded to include collaboration across a wide range of sectors and disciplines, both in terms of technical fields and demographic groups. Over the years, the power of collaboration proved highly effective. “For a century now, SAME has served as a platform for learning, training, and knowledge-sharing. These professional engagements are essential to supporting our shared interest—and not just at the headquarters or senior level,” Rear Adm. John Korka, USN, Commander of Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command and Chief of Civil Engineers, told TME in 2020. “At every level, across every region, installation, and within our military and civilian workforce, staying connected to professional organizations like SAME gives everyone a chance to learn and enhance our military knowledge and engineering proficiency.” It has been said that the pace of change has never been as fast as it is today—and it will never be this slow again. Indeed, the accelerating pace of change in the 21st century is making collaboration more important than ever. Many current and emerging challenges go far beyond the scope of any single discipline or sector. Climate change, for instance, will need to be tackled from a global perspective and through multifaceted actions involving experts from the public and private sector who can offer expertise in everything from flood control and port construction to environmental engineering and meteorology. “The challenges of the 21st century require new thinking; innovative materials and techniques; bold leadership; better lifecycle management; and a keen ability to plan for and operate in an environment of uncertainty,” Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, USA (Ret.) and SAME’s Executive Director, wrote in 2018. The future will involve complex, large-scale risks and threats that “will directly impact national security for decades to come and can only be solved collaboratively.”

(Top left) Students placing rebar at an Engineering & Construction Camp. (Bottom left) STEM students at a Post-run National Engineers Week event. (Above) Getting advice at the SAME Transition Workshop and Job Fair for veterans in 2020.

125

L (Above) SAME members gather at a social event held at JETC in Tampa, Florida, in 2019. (Below) A collection of Society leaders meets to discuss SAME’s efforts on behalf of STEM education and other programming.

ooking ahead, collaboration will be key to dealing with “two of the biggest challenges for national security in the coming century—technology and space,” said Mechtly. “And SAME will be able to engage industry and government to talk about those issues.” Technology will present a broad range of challenges, with increasingly interconnected infrastructure assets and especially the need for stronger cybersecurity. Keeping systems and infrastructure protected will involve informationsecure buildings, the hardening of industrial assets and systems, and the ability to defend against social engineering attacks, among many other skills and resources. SAME can help bring the right players together to meet those needs. Beyond the technology, the Society is in position to help business and government engage on related issues, such as compliance and contracting. “There are initiatives that are happening in this area, especially where SAME is providing resources and information to help small businesses succeed in meeting government IT certification standards,” said Mechtly. SAME’s COIs—many of which focus on technical and demographic issues of importance to the engineering community—are well positioned to play a major role in SAME’s response to these emerging challenges, as well as the unknown threats that are yet to emerge. Collaborative approaches will also be essential to advancing the nation’s space capabilities—an area of growing interest with the creation of the U.S. Space Force and the changing nature of space programs. Ensuring readiness in space as a warfighting domain will require engineering skills from across the board. In addition, while contractors have always been part of NASA’s large programs and in building and maintaining its supporting infrastructure, a number of private companies are now pursuing space travel and space-related technologies on their own, creating a

new dynamic for collaboration. “We have a real opportunity to engage with the government and industry and support public-private partnerships to address the challenges that come up as space technology advances,” Mechtly said.

From Plans to Principles The Society’s plans for the future are important, but in an era of rapid and disruptive change, they can only go so far. As military strategists know, the specifics of a given plan soon give way to changing realities on the ground. The principles and culture of the organization are therefore key because they provide a consistent foundation that can transcend disruptions. Here, SAME brings several qualities to the table that will help drive success, even in an uncertain future: flexibility, diversity, and the ability to drive engagement. In terms of flexibility, 2020 SAME President Heather Wishart-Smith said that “the fact that we have been able to adapt in recognition of changing circumstances is indicative of how nimble the Society has always been, and it will continue to be that way. SAME will evolve to meet the changing needs of the profession and those we serve. This will require that we frequently take an honest look at what we are doing and adjust or possibly abandon some old ways of doing things, while remaining true to our core mission.” Meanwhile, diversity has been built into the Society from the beginning, when it made membership open to the “broadest possible lines consistent with the achievement of its aims,” including individuals from each of the services, from the public and private sectors, and from all engineering and related disciplines. However, the concept of diversity has expanded a great deal since then, and the Society has cast a wider and wider net to include people from a greater breadth of backgrounds and professions.

That trend continues, and throughout the 21st century, diversity will continue to present both challenges and opportunities. “SAME’s commitment to diversity is a big part of why we have succeeded for 100 years— and will continue to succeed for another 100 years— because it means we are constantly getting ideas and concepts from diverse individuals,” said Mechtly. “But with diversity and inclusion, there is always more work we can do.” Mario Burgos, Chair of the SAME Small Business COI, believes the Society has played, and can continue to play, an important role when it comes to providing an equitable, socially just and resilient America. “SAME, through its network of Posts, COIs, regional and national events, allows unparalleled access to industrygovernment engagement discussions that directly allow socially and economically disadvantaged businesses and the communities of stakeholders they represent a place at the table when these decisions are being made,” Burgos said. “I know this from firsthand experience; it’s one of the main reasons I remain committed to SAME.” Handley noted that “we have certainly looked at diversity at one level. But the world is changing, and we have an initiative now to take a deep dive into it and really figure out what else needs to be done. If we want to sustain a vibrant Society, we need to embrace diversity to stay in line with the nation’s shifting demographics. It’s about maintaining connectivity to our nation and our nation’s people, and it’s about drawing on the different perspectives and talents that greater diversity brings to our Society.” Finally, driving engagement—between industry and government, across disciplines, and among members— has been critical to SAME over the decades. In many ways, effective engagement relies on delivering the results people expect. “Success in our next century will be

127

t the end of 2020, SAME had thrived, not just survived, during the coronavirus pandemic, primarily because of the willingness of members, partners, and stakeholders to quickly embrace the technological opportunities of virtual platforms. While in-person events and networking would again return, the lessons learned during the pivot to remote work and online programming were not going away. Society leadership, recognizing this future state of virtual engagement alongside traditional participation, authorized a substantial capital investment that would overhaul SAME’s enterprise management system. This initiative is intended to upgrade the core member database and deliver a redesigned website and year-round mobile app as well as enhanced community tools to strengthen collaboration and provide valuable services. The strategic decision to accelerate its digital transformation underscores a fundamental quality that has endured throughout SAME’s past 100 years: adapting to what was needed, when it was this remains part of its culture, as what the Society looks like and how it operates in 10 years will be different than today, and they will be different again in 20 years and long beyond that.

(Above) The SAME Board of Direction meets at SBC in Dallas in 2019, the last in-person Board of Direction meeting before the COVID-19 pandemic struck. (Below) SAME prepares for the future: Students at a STEM Camp sponsored by the Guam Post.

128

measured on two interrelated outcomes: value and impact,” said Wishart-Smith. Delivering value to members, the military, the government, partners, local communities, and other stakeholders will drive more participation of a diverse range of members in the Society, Wishart-Smith explained. That, in turn, will enable SAME to have a meaningful and measurable impact on the profession and national security. “As we deliver that value and impact, we will motivate people and organizations to actively promote, support, and sustain the Society into our next century, with benefits for our entire country,” she said. Delivering value and impact also depends on leading people to engage and participate—another area where the Society brings significant experience to the table. “We’re in the inspiration business,” said Handley. “Inspiration is core to leadership in a volunteer organization, where people are giving their time and talent. The best way to motivate them is through inspiration—connecting them with something larger than themselves, like SAME’s compelling purpose of supporting national security.” SAME intends to play a role in ensuring that the nation “remains secure forever,” said Schroedel on the eve of the Society’s Centennial Year. “None of us will be here for SAME’s Bicentennial,” he remarked. “But the work that we do together in the coming years will ensure that our nation will be here then.” SAME has drawn on its culture and principles in the past, and as it steps further into its second century, it will continue to do so. Through more than 100 years of change and challenge, it has pivoted, learned, grown, and thrived— without losing focus on the vision of its founders to create a Society that will be “dedicated to patriotism and national security” and that “will serve no selfish ends.”

A Century of Service A Year-by-Year Look at the Society’s Evolution Many books have been written on both the history of engineering and military engineering. However, this book takes a dif-

130 1920-1934

132 1935-1949

136 1970-1989

138 1990-2004

A Society takes shape.

A versatile organization.

The Society in wartime.

Entering the 21st century.

This series originally appeared in TME to celebrate SAME’s Centennial in 2020 and was subsequently published as a separate volume, SAME at 100: A Century of Service.

129

1950-1969

Growing to meet new challenges.

2005-2020

Adapting for today, and tomorrow.

A T

in the public and private sectors together to meet the nation’s growing civil and military needs.

a technical magazine with wide distribution. Through these platforms, new engineering approaches, new materials, and new technologies were discussed and debated. When the Great Depression left millions unemployed, members traded ideas on how industry and government could partner on massive public works projects to create jobs and modernize America. As the political climate grew tense once again with the fall of the German Republic in 1933, military and industry leaders turned to SAME to share their perspec-

The demand for engineering skills been called to serve and those already in the service knew that to capture lessons learned, maintain the relationships established “over there,” and ensure preparedness for way to stay connected. SAME became that way.

When the United States joined World War I, military engineers numbered and 292,300 men in the Engineering Department of the United States.

R Y

1921 Bringing Communities Together

1920 Keeping Members Informed

regulations constraining government entities from publishing their own periodicals. Those who founded SAME seized the opportunity. They took ownership of the asset, leveraged the subscriber list, transformed its editorial purpose, changed its title and design, and distributed it carrying the message of the new “association of

and infrastructure and shown how underprepared national defense was for the rigor of modern warfare. For the sustained security of the nation, it was clear that military and industry would need to work hand in hand. Collaboration was needed across all levels, especially locally, to build a stronger, more resilient nation.

1920 A Society Is Born

to those in the Corps and did not often cover engineering matters of a broader nature. It also, in late 1919, was facing

1920–1934: A SOCIETY TAKES SHAPE

ing community would be prepared.

lished, covering the major geographic regions of the country. Another seven Posts formed in 1921. Together, these linked members and the mission of the Society in most of the nation’s key engineering centers. “Local posts, in bringing our members into close personal touch with each other, are believed to be essential to the realization of our fullest usefulness,” explained The Military Engineer.

1923 Growing National Support

The primary method of communicating with the Society was its journal, The Military Engineer. Starting in 1909, the Corps of Engineers had published Professional Memoirs, which addressed topics of interest

Interest in the Society and its stated purpose spread quickly. Over the next decade, The Military Engineer attracted notable and varied contributors, such as Secretary of War John Weeks, then-Secretary of Commerce Lejeune, USMC, Commandant of the

130

R V

Marine Corps. Anxious to contribute to the ongoing conversation across the engineering community, they turned to SAME to share their perspectives. By 1930,

1926 A Diverse Membership Base

From SAME’s inception, all were welcome to join, provided they had an interest in the national defense. The engineer, her specialty was microphotography. In World War I, she was an inspector of airplanes and airplane engines with the Signal Corps. She also served in World War II, and later was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

1928 Distinguished Leadership

The quality of SAME’s stated mission attracted many notable leaders to William Black, USA (Ret.), had served as U.S. Army Chief of Engineers through World War I. William Barclay Parsons, founder of Parsons Brinckerhoff, was SAME President and Vice President of the United States. During World War I, Dawes was commissioned a major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel of the general, and was a co-recipient of the on the Dawes Plan, which addressed World War I reparations.

A T

R Y

R V

ness.” Articles from the Postmaster

1930 The Future of Aviation -

ble lines consistent with the achievement of its aims.” Members came from

Chief of the Army Air Service, stated in 1923. He would be elected SAME President in 1930 and continued to be a champion for the military potential of aviation, his efforts helping pave the way for the creation of the

and Reclamation Service, and the U.S. Navy. Professionals in civilian positions nicipalities joined in equal standing. Likewise, the lines for discussion were drawn broadly, encouraging members to avoid “the narrow development which so greatly restricts his useful-

tions for military and civilian life had been vigorously debated. “Undoubtedly, the next war will be decided in

1931 A Society of Innovators

Engineering is a profession of innovation, and SAME offered a platform to trade ideas, explore new technologies, and engage in healthy discourse. Articles on everything from a way to transmit pictures over a wire service— an early forerunner of television—to (written by famed golf architect and British military engineer Alister MacKenzie) found a place in The Military Engineer, available to all those with an interested mind who are committed to service to the nation.

1932 A Multidisciplinary Approach

Recognizing that a wide aperture would permit a greater impact for its mission, SAME drew the lines for membership “on the broadest possi-

tary of Labor, and the new Bureau of Standards were given a place in The Military Engineer alongside technical counts. This comprehensive and inclusive approach to the full development of members continues to this day.

1933 Inspiring Public Works of knowledge and progress in the engineering community. Following

the Corps of Engineers, the lessons detailed in The Military Engineer. As SAME members shared knowledge and best practices, the possibilities for what could be achieved climbed higher. Major public works projects like the San Francisco Bay Bridge and Hoover Dam, which had been unthinkable only years before, began to take shape, fueled by this new potential for collaboration.

1934 Unfailing Preparedness

The unprepared state of national defense upon America’s entry into World War I showed that a wellconnected, well-informed engineering profession would be critical in the modern era. “It must then be apparent to all thinking men that industry and the government must cooperate in peace and war—our defense plan must be the joint plan of both,” C.B. Robbins, Assistant Secretary of War, wrote in The Military Engineer in especially as turmoil resurfaced in Europe, industry and military would

131

need to be united in the defense effort. Regular reports on industrial capabilities, critical earth minerals, and new materials like aluminum bolstered national security.

THE ROAD AHEAD Great Depression. Membership had dwindled to just over 6,000 and The Military Engineer had reduced page count due to fewer advertisers. Despite these setbacks, prudent mission enabled it to weather the economic storm and emerge intact Society had found its place. However, another storm loomed on the that would soon plunge the world into another great war and truly test the mission of the young Society.

A T

R Y

agement capabilities, leading to the passage of the Flood Control Act of

1935–1949: THE SOCIETY IN WARTIME

By 1935, the Society of American Military Engineers, like the rest of the nation, was feeling the strain of the Great Depression. Membership had fallen from

tems aimed at building and revamping water control. In a similar fashion, large public infrastructure projects like the Bonneville Dam looked to regulate

solvent and, staying committed to its founding mission, continued to bring civil and military engineers together to address matters of national importance. Toward the end of the decade, the Society saw its fortunes begin to improve as New Deal policies revitalized industrial capabilities and authorized new public works projects across the nation.

production. Those who contributed to the dam documented their plans, The Military Engineer for application in lat-

in 1939, marking the start of war in Europe. During the interwar period, Germany had made great strides in engineering, which allowed it to bring a

and Fort Peck dams.

of other nations. Members of SAME were among those who studied this new blitzkrieg, detailed its workings, and sought ways to put it to use for the United States. These efforts helped ensure that when the nation did enter the

1938 A More Mobile Nation

public discourse.

As industrialization continued to connect previously distant geographic points by car, boat, or plane, Society members began to turn their attention to the critical need for accurate maps. “The essential nature of accurate charts and maps for naval and military

Improvements to diesel and gasoline operations is axiomatic,” Rear Adm. later SAME National President), wrote in The Military Engineer in 1939. Using advanced photography techniques and airplanes, surveys could be made in previously inaccessible areas. As naval maneuvers became more complex, machines able to predict tides, water currents, and actions in tidal zones aided in the mapping of coastal areas.

1937 Flood Management over 1 million people homeless. Similar events across the nation stressed the need for stronger water man-

R V

tities, the list of America’s strategic minerals grew longer. Ways to protect pipelines for chromium, manganese, platinum, and aluminum were needin The Military Engineer year period dived into the vulnerabilities for an array of critical minerals and looked at how supplies could be shored up to ensure a constant and resilient supply in time of war (a topic that has reemerged today as a crucial national security issue).

1940 Combined Arms

During the First World War, tanks and other engine-driven units had been seen as auxiliary or attachments to

security. Questions of how to handle a new source of power in the form of the atom, how to navigate global ideological differences, and how wartime

1936 Mapping New Territories

wider applications of commercial use in the 1930s. Additionally, greater integration of motorized units in Army formations meant rapid, durable roads were needed for quick advancement of troops and supplies. Foreseeing initiatives like the Interstate Highway

quick-moving warfront changed the paradigm. “It is evident that machines, ground and air, are dominating the war and, therefore, in its conduct a larger percentage of engineering forces is employed than in any previous war,” The Military Engineer. To be assured of success that engineers and military personnel would need to work in closer capacity than ever before. With its collaborative platform readily available, SAME fostered this needed integration.

began to lay the groundwork with research on stronger concrete and pavement road surfaces that could handle techniques to quickly and accurately survey a modern road system.

1939 Securing Strategic Minerals

With more intricate, mechanized equipment such as artillery, tanks, and airplanes needed in vast quan-

132

1941 Rapid Growth Follows With the United States’ entrance into World War II, interest in SAME’s mission grew sharply. At the end of

1939, membership but in the years after, it exploded, fueled by an acute need for engineering professionals of all capacities to support the war effort. By the time the Axis forces surrendered, membership had sursharp growth and rapid development during wartime, The Military Engineer switched to monthly publication in to a bimonthly schedule. Throughout the war years, the magazine continued to cover a wide range of engineering topics of importance both at home and overseas.

1942 Father of the Seabees Due to international law, civilians who resisted enemy forces could be

and targeted. To combat this, Rear Adm. Ben Moreell, USN, Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks (and SAME Nationvisioned battalions of military-trained civilian engineers who could build and or “Seabees,” became one of the most legendary effects arising from the war, constructing over 300 advanced bases countless other crucial efforts. More World War II—a testament to the incredible value this “can do” force delivered from the very start.

A T

1943 Wartime Innovation

A need for secrecy meant that many engineering advancements, such as atomic energy and radar, could not be shared widely. However, as the veil began to lift toward the end of World War II, engineers came to SAME to discuss their work and begin thinking of its further applications. This productive collaboration would lead into a like commercial aviation, atomic power generation, and meteorological forecasting took off with these critical technologies at their core.

R Y

the practicability of atomic energy generation has ever been demonstrated.” In the years following, The Military Engineer would see articles from those intimately familiar with the Manhattan Project, such shed light on atomic energy and shaped conversations around potential uses for the future.

1946 Opportunities for Veterans

1945 Splitting the Atom previously top-secret atomic bomb was detonated over Hiroshima, Japan, followed three days later by detonation over Nagasaki. Amid concern and fear about the new atomic (Ret.), SAME National President at the time, took to the pages of The Military Engineer that December to address it. “Our scientists and engineers have taken the lead in the atomic energy development and know more about its present status and its future potentialities than all the rest of the world together,” he wrote. “The Society of American Military Engineers has a peculiar interest and responsibility in these activities,” he added, “because of the very important contribution which many of its members have made in the design and construction of the earth-shaking experiments in which

appeared in the back of The Military Engineer offering “Opportunities.” Composed of advice on acquiring commissions in the armed forces, postwar commissions, and civil service positions, the recurring feature aimed to ease the transition of servicemembers and aid others seeking employment in industry. Over the years, the “Opportunities” section underwent a number of changes, but the commitment to assisting transitioning servicemembers and veterans with integrating into the A/E/C industry remained a hallmark of the Society.

1947 A Department of Defense

The signing of the National Security military and intelligence agencies into the modern Department of Defense and established the Joint Chiefs of Staff to unify the Armed Forces into a federated structure. SAME found the transition seamless. From its founding, the organization’s membership came from all military branches, as well as civil agencies,

133

R V

municipalities, and industry, and was well poised to lead further collaboration between the public and private sectors. “The Society now has an additional and larger Youngberg, USA (Ret.), and Col. Paul Bond, USA (Ret.), charter members The Military Engineer must do its part in promoting unity and solidarity in our Armed Forces and in the nation as a whole.”

THE ROAD AHEAD itself at a crossroads. Even though war had grown the engineering community substantially, it also thrust the United States into the role of global leader. “The tasks of world leadership that confront us are undeniably editor of The Washington Post, said

al Meeting. “They are tasks that will endure throughout our history. There With humanity more connected than ever, old ways of doing things advances had exposed new vulnerabilities in national defense, and ideological differences had exposed new adversaries. Through it all, the Society stayed the course and held to its founding principles: promoting unity and solidarity between the uniformed services and the engineering community. Together, they would build a resolute nation ready to lead, and prosper.

A T

R Y

1950–1969: GROWING TO MEET NEW CHALLENGES

and more powerful radar, and guided air-to-air missiles that rewrote the rules

of global superpower. As victorious troops returned home, they brought with them knowledge, experience, and, most important, an attitude that invigorated the nation with possibilities.

1952 Expanding America’s Presence

To take on the mantle of global leader, the United States needed to establish an accordingly global power projection. In support, military engineers constructed bases in locales previously thought of as either inhospitable (the Arctic Circle) or out of logistical reach (throughout the Middle East). These distant bases quickly became a testing ground for cutting-edge resilience technologies, and reports on tions found a place in TME.

to make life easier, simpler, and more convenient for the average citizen. “We techniques: these will be the lifeblood of The Military Engineer However, global leadership brought with it new responsibilities to address, new domains to focus on, and new security vulnerabilities to confront. The decades that followed would be marked with large-scale ideological clashes that such as maintaining a technological edge in missile capability or racing to put a man on the moon, were pure engineering competitions that would test the bonds between public and private enterprise. Yet no matter how or where they were asked to serve, those in the engineering community answered the call time and time again, and they continued to press onward, into the future.

1954 Preparing the Next Generation engineering graduates in the United States with less than 20,000 available. And an even greater number may be required in the years immediately ahead,” SAME National President Maj. Lenox Lohr, USA (Ret.), wrote in TME

1950 Putting Knowledge to Work

In response to an invasion of South United States deployed troops. For many engineers who had served opportunity to draw upon lessons austere environment with long supply lines, U.S. Navy engineers used knowledge they had gained from construct critical naval bases and ship facilities that assured a steady pipeline. When time came to craft an amphibious invasion at Inchon to Douglas MacArthur, USA, leaned on lessons from the D-Day invasion to shape the plan.

1951 Jet Fighters Take Flight As part of the National Security Act of

for air domination and superiority was well known, and in the postwar years, engineers made great strides in aeronautical capabilities. Foremost was the movement from piston to jet engines.

improvements on the ground included material advancements in pavements to support heavier use, smaller

security for the nation, a steady stream of talented, educated, and able engineers was needed. Through Student Chapters and support of high school programs and scholarships, SAME helped answer the call.

1955 A Place for Collaboration While SAME had conducted an annual meeting since its founding,

that additional opportunities to bring industry and government together Industrial Conference was conducted

134

R V

SAME created the Sustaining Members category for industry companies. Bringing together over 1,100 servicemembers and thought leaders, the conference sought to expand leadership and technological superiority across the military and deepen the collaboration between public and private enterprise.

1956 Coast to Coast miles of interstate highways. While the nation’s road system had previously developed organically, it was evident that an engineered system was necessary to unite military installations across the country. “The transportation utilization experience of the military forces during World War II was the basis for recommendations as to routes that should become a part of the National System of Interstate Highways,” C.D. Curtiss, Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration TME.

1958 Satellites on the New Frontier

tion to the wealth of knowledge these satellites provided, they pushed ahead

mass communication. As the technology surrounding satellite launches grew more reliable, engineers began envisioning of satellites could provide for global positioning and nav-

1960 Broadening Our Defense

As the Cold War deepened and the prospect of nuclear war loomed, military leaders sought alternative avenues for resolution. “If we are to avoid war and, instead, decide our differences with the Soviets on the world economic front, then the side with the strongest economy will have Emerson Itschner, USA, Army Chief of Engineers and SAME National PresTME. Among other initiatives, SAME supported this effort through the Military-Industrial on commerce and industry. “Strategy maneuvers, the science of logistics, or the planning boards of a general staff,” the conference introduction stated. “It is now related to the management of the political, economic, educational, technological, industrial, and ideological resources of the entire nation.”

1961 Calculating the Potential

ed by computing electronics had been a growing topic of interest for several decades. But with the invention of an easily miniaturized and mass-produced transistor, it promised

A T

R Y

1964 Winning Hearts and Minds

to be a force multiplier across all industries. Missile defense systems utilized early computers to calculate tracking and acquisition, while civil engineers and architects used them to draw designs in a fraction of the time previously needed. Other early computers throughout the Corps of Engineers found use in hydrologic computations, data analysis, and inventory and supply control.

As the United States stepped up military involvement in Vietnam, it became clear the nature of battle had changed. The emergence of guerrilla warfare as a major wartime tactic meant that traditional land, sea, and air superiority

1963 Serving Local Communities

Since the 1920s, SAME’s Posts had served their communities as places for members to gather, connect, and build trust. With the strength of the Society’s knowledge base behind them, Posts began to consider how military the homefront. “More and more Posts tend to expand their annual programs so that they include not only talks on installations of engineering interest, but special projects extending in the community and designed to maintain and increase the stature of engineerport. This period also saw an increase in scholarship funds and partnerships with local schools to sponsor graduating students.

victory—hearts and minds needed to be won over. Combat engineers saw their role shift—expanding from military-oriented construction to include schools, public roads, wells, and civil infrastructure work. “If the Vietnamese Engineering Units are to succeed in the Civic Action programs, they must gain the respect and support of the loin TME. “This is achieved by showing sincerity, imagination, and hard work.”

1965 Expeditionary Support America’s involvement in the Vietnam that have become core aspects of the military’s engineering capabilities directly providing operations, maintenance, and construction support in theater; and then the debut of Air Force Prime BEEF and RED HORSE

1967 Sharing Key Messages

As U.S. involvement in Vietnam reached the height of operations, the service chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, looking to raise awareness of the activities of their engineering branches, turned to SAME, publishing editorials over three consecutive issues of TME noting the contributions and achievements of engineers during the war. Each letter showcased the excellent work of each service and

135

R V

reiterated the role SAME played as the leading voice for sharing that message with the engineering community.

1969 A Triumph of Ingenuity ident John F. Kennedy gave a chal-

place a man on the moon before the decade was out. The Apollo Program galvanized the nation, its needs quickly spreading to touch nearly every A/E/C industry. Whether it was contributing innovations in rocket propulsion, sharing material advancements that would allow a craft to survive the brutal environments of outer space, or designing the massive facilities to house the launch vehicle assembly, engineering professionals—and SAME members—contributed their expertise.

THE ROAD AHEAD

Within the span of two decades, the United States had transformed into wise, SAME saw similar expansion in size and scope. At its 30th anniversary in 1950, the Society had 18,000 there were nearly 30,500 members As the 1960s drew to a close, a cultural sea change began to sweep the nation. New concerns, such as industrial effects on the environment and the availability of secure energy sources, caught public attention, The engineering profession, as it has always done, would look to pivot, adapt, and rise to the challenge once again.

A T

engineering profession: energy security and environmental stewardship. Following public outcry and the passage of several landmark pieces of legislation to regulate industrial impacts on the environment and protect the nation’s natural resources, engineers confronted a paradigm shift in project delivery and stakeholder engagement. At the same time, growing reliance on foreign sources for energy needs spurred innovation within the United States on conservation measures and alternative means to assure long-term energy independence.

1972 Leaving Vietnam

The Vietnam War was winding down, but its aftereffects would remain in

1975 Service Chief Reports

well rounded in a variety of disciplines, and able to pivot quickly to address fast-paced developments. As the years continued into the 1980s, SAME, too, would become a more versatile organization and address these needs, and many others, as it moved ever onward.

the nation’s consciousness. The last Army engineer units departed South

in the Society diminished some for a period as well, as overall support of the nation’s military faced headwinds,

ing during the rest of the decade.

R Y

faced an oil embargo from OPEC that crippled public and private enterprise alike. In efforts to make sure that never again would “the oil weapon” be a threat to the nation, SAME provided a means for members to discuss and develop energy conservation techniques and alternative sources that would lead to greater energy independence and resiliency.

But we must be aware of certain hazards which accompany this progress and

consecutive years until rebounding

his annual message to the Society in

(Ret.), in a retrospective in TME. “And just as we cannot draw a sharp line to

Environmental Policy Act was signed, requiring all federal engineering projects to evaluate the environmental impacts of their actions. Along with similar environmental legislation such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, the effect was a dramatic, sudden change in project planning and delivery across the engineering sector. Members turned to SAME to build consensus around the regulations, reworking procedures and reshaping the project delivery pipeline into its modern incarnation.

ergy—something we have long taken for granted,” SAME President Brig.

1970–1989: A VERSATILE ORGANIZATION

1970 Addressing Urgent Environmental Impacts

1973 The Oil Weapon cerned with preserving the effectiveness of our land, sea, and air forces across a broad range of deterrent or

be, it is now complicated with the uncertainty of the future supply of en-

TME presented a series of articles authored by the Engineering Service Chiefs highlighting areas of focus for each branch’s engineering program. For that year, it was new submarine missile systems, LORAN monitoring, environmental facilities, and data acquisition. These reports have continued to be published annually since, providing a snapshot of where government efforts are concentrated and keeping the A/E/C community informed of and aligned with the priorities directly from military engineering’s senior leaders.

1976 Facilities Engineering

As military installations across the country grew to deliver expanding missions, a need emerged for a central point to oversee continued maintenance, development, and management. “On an installation, the Facilities Engineer is to that military plant what the Director of Public Works is to a city,” wrote future SAME Executive USA, in TME held at the time—Director of Facilities

136

R V

of Engineers—had only been created two years prior. Requiring a variety of technical and leadership skills, the job was one of the many evolutions of military engineering that would appear as the nation’s engineering needs grew more complex and interconnected.

1977 The New Military Engineer SAME’s theme for

ogy Through Engineering—Solutions to People Problems” and spoke to the changing landscape within the military engineering community. Previous armed change in warfare tactics and strategy, and civil engineering had taken on new dimensions with environmental and energy issues. Challenges were no longer just technical. They were highly nuanced and would require nuanced solutions. “If our profession is to continue meeting the needs of a changing world,” SAME President Seyto be more than engineers … today’s engineer, especially ‘The New Military Engineer,’ must be skilled in a variety of disciplines in order to be able to deal effectively and intelligently with the myriad of problems facing us today.”

1978 Expanding Water Management

The Army Corps of Engineers has been involved in water resource manageengineering profession took a greater lead in environmental stewardship, the Corps’ roles expanded to navigation,

recreation, and clean drinking water. “We now have some major decisions to make in regard to water resources management,” wrote Army Chief of attempt to merge our environmental and conservation values with economic and developmental needs.” A few years es Development Act authorized over management in nearly every state.

1980 Professional Development

While SAME had supported professional development for members from its beginning, a new effort starting in TME focused more acutely on multidiscipline study. “Our nation faces a shortage of engineers at the very time that many of the national issues and problems require engineering solutions,” wrote niques for impactful technical writing, human resource management, and leadership development appeared frequently alongside the traditional technical articles and project reports, all in the aim of enriching members to become well-rounded and versatile engineers able to match up with the new national security challenges.

1982 Technology Transfer

TME ran a special technology transfer issue focused on upcoming

A T

R Y

R V

1988 A Need for Readiness

research and development projects within the Corps of Engineers. Its intention was, as Chief of Engineers

ton, USA, wrote, to provide “a unique opportunity to transfer appropriate technology to all installations and facility engineers, base civil engineers, to our engineer colleagues in the federal government, and to our counterparts in industry and the civilian community.” The issue was so well received it continued annually for the remainder of the decade, covering advancements from every service branch.

1983 Improving Acquisition

Following a drought of military funding Soviet Union’s gains in technological To effectively reignite underfunded programs, federal leadership looked to break from traditional contracting roles and engage with private owners through new partnerships. As more contracts shifted to this style of collaboration, SAME expanded resources with insights on cost engineering, project management, and streamlined delivery. TME more prominently in Society News, and author bylines appeared more often from private-sector members. SAME also released a new annual publication, Society’s Sustaining Members and their capabilities for easy reference. By the end of the decade, it included over

1985 CADD: The Revolution “Just as the computer caused fundamental changes in other service industries such as travel, publishing,

banking, and merchandising, the lowcost, high-powered CADD systems are revolutionizing architecture and engineering practices,” stated the introducTME issue dedicated to the emerging software. As tools such as CADD became more widespread, SAME supported their possibilities with a new magazine column full of tips, tricks, and insights to assist members in getting up to speed.

1987 The State of Infrastructure

The interdisciplinary nature of the Society’s membership brought shared attention to concerning issues, such as the state of America’s infrastructure, that were becoming increasingly interconnected with national security. “The nation’s infrastructure has suffered because recent priorities have ignored TME article. “After the launch of Sputnik cast a shadow over U.S. prestige, the nation focused on higher goals than its foundation. A society driven toward the moon overlooked some downto-earth prerequisites in highways, airports, and other vital public works.” While the importance of investing in these everyday assets was evident from an economic standpoint, sustainmessage would prove elusive over the ensuing decades.

137

Increases in environmental disasters and aggression from non-state actors led military and federal agencies to reconsider how best to secure the homefront. In need of widespread reach but facing constrained budgets, agencies looked to bolster local readiness through community partnerships. SAME joined in with its FAST START initiative, a comprehensive plan for Posts to assess and list their capabilities in response to a potential national emergency. “Its value stems from a better appreciation of local disaster requirements, military and civilian engineering capabilities, and the procedures for using

THE ROAD AHEAD

With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the quickening dissolution of the Soviet Union, the end of the two years, the United States would remain the sole global superpower, but it would soon be embroiled in both domestically and abroad that would foreshadow a day in 2001 no one will ever forget. Among this quickly shifting geopolitical landscape, the challenge became where to lead in this computing and telecommunications were ready to take off, creating a web of partnerships, alliances, and dependencies, along with new security vulnerabilities.

A T

1990–2004: ENTERING THE 21ST CENTURY

As the world moved into the 1990s, all eyes turned toward the next cenUnited States would take the stage as the unchallenged global superpower. However, this position was quickly tested when instability in the Middle East combat operation far from its shores, America would need to rely on the capabilities of its engineers to deliver coordinated supply, secure facilities, and innovative tools. For military installations back on the homefront, a rising tide of long-term partnerships with private industry promised to alleviate historically tight bud-

Following the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in 1990, the United States declared Operation Desert Shield, a cooperative defense mission to dissuade further aggression. To conduct and coordinate such an operation, a network of infrastructure through the unforgiving desert terrain was needed. “Engineer soldiers built and maintained the vast infrastructure needed to sustain the

R Y

R V

Maune, USA, Commander and Director of the U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratory. Engineering advancements in topography to allow a “total” battle-

hazardous sites and undoing previous environmental damages. A critical new mission area was emerging.

the successful aerial campaign before ground-based operations, in addition to armament advancements and other new engineering devices.

While the Society had recognized those who had rendered dedicated and outstanding service with the title

1994 An Academy of Fellows

(Ret.), a working committee of 12 Fellows put together the processes

ted to supporting Posts and advancing mentoring.

of coupled pipeline and associated pumping stations. Engineers built four camps to house 100,000 Iraqi prisoners of war and provided electrical power to operational and logistical facilities.”

after a decisive offensive operation that lasted 100 hours. “An important reason for the overwhelming success of Operation Desert Storm was the superior technology used by the U.S.led coalition forces,” wrote Col. David

of Fellows, which has grown to over

Henry Hatch, USA, U.S. Army Chief of Engineers, wrote in TME in 1991. “They constructed or maintained more than 2,000 miles of main supply routes. They erected tactical petroleum terminals

1991 Rapid Advances

1992 Total Engineering Solutions

were making it easier and more economical than ever before for people to connect with each other. The growing cyber domain also brought with it new vulnerabilities in the national defense that needed to be addressed. As SAME continued to widen its aperture to cover the increasingly expansive scope of national security, it looked enthusiastically with the rest of the country to the years ahead. Then, in 2001, a sudden, shocking, and sobering

1990 Building the Shield

With military budgets becoming leaner, program leaders looked to do more with less, particularly in their on-base utility needs. Many found the answer in partnerships. Although private industry had largely been contracted for a single deliverable, increasingly, military leaders realized a more cost-effective approach was to engage in long-term contracts with a private-industry partner. “Clients are changing; today, many look for total solutions—not just design, construction, or operations,” Robert Marini, Chairman and CEO of Camp Dresser & McKee, said in an address in 1992 reprinted in TME.

1993 Cleaning Up Defense Sites

In addition to the ongoing work to reduce the environmental impact of ects to utilize more sustainable and neering leaders began to recognize the importance of remediating existing

138

1995 Standing at the Ready

The keyword for industry and government throughout the 1990s was readiness. As both man-made attacks and extreme weather events increased in regularity and destructive potential, SAME members recognized that to support a strong national defense, a culture of readiness was needed. In addition to the FAST START Program ued to publish articles and share best practices for developing readiness. After the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma Post quickly mobilized to offer needed support to emergency management

1996 Operation Joint Endeavor

As part of a NATO-led multinational peace enforcement force to suppress tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, following the Dayton Peace Accord, U.S. Forces mobilized in Operation

A T

R Y

Joint Endeavor, with a one-year timeline. U.S. Navy Seabees played a central role in the efforts, among the only naval components involved. While stabilization was achieved, Serbians soon ramped up brutalities against

events be that of a better and more secure America … and community of nations … using both our skills and our compassion for our fellow man.”

was underway, and in March 1999, NATO intervened again.

After the attacks of 9/11, SAME joined with federal and state agencies, corporations, and other professional societies to discuss how to improve the security of the built environment. This meeting would establish The Infrastructure Security Partnership (TISP),

1997 Seeing Patterns Emerge With a meteoric rise of personal computing, both commercial and military enterprises quickly adopted connected computing and the capabilities it provided. A key development was the growth in geospatial information systems. The need for accurate maps and charts had long been a focus of geodetic survey teams, and as largescale data systems took shape, the engineering community studied how conclusions could be drawn from relationships between data sets and inform more accurate spatial knowledge.

1999 Building a Home

Following a series of National Defense Authorization Acts, the Defense on privatizing facilities such as military housing. As program leaders sought to partner with design and construction engaged and ready collaborators while could confer on how to support the needs of the department and improve the quality of life for military families.

2000 Developing Young Engineers

In 2001, the National Science Foundation coined the acronym STEM to attract a younger generation to science-based careers. But for SAME,

2002 Securing Resilience for the Built Environment

developing young engineers and scientists had long been counted in its mission to strengthen national security. In addition to its robust support at the Post level, beginning in 2000, SAME launched a national Engineering & Construction Camp program for tion with the U.S. Air Force Academy, aimed at developing young talent and leaders in engineering careers.

2001 An Attack on America

The events of September 11, 2001, shocked and traumatized the nation. The images from the World Trade Center and the Pentagon catapulted Americans into action. Engineers from all sectors and industries came together, both to carry out the critical initial rescue response and to consider assure that an attack like this never happens again? For SAME, it was a rededication to its enduring mission, as TME

policy for the nation’s infrastructure. “It’s going to take both government and the private sector working together to meet the challenges we face as a nation,” said Robert Shea, Acting Administrator of FEMA’s Federal Insurance & Mitigation Administration. “We help.” TISP later served as the foundation for SAME’s Resilience Community of Interest.

2003 Protecting the Homeland

The attacks of 9/11 had shown a need to strengthen and consolidate the nation’s defense posture across the homeland. In 2003, a new Department of Homeland Security was created. Combining all or parts of 22 different agencies, the largest reorganization of the federal with protecting the American homeland, the department was tasked with safeguarding the nation’s critical infrastructure. The engineering community began sharing resources on renovating almost immediately, quickly getting the nascent department up to speed.

R V

2004 Rooting Out Terrorism In order to deny a base of operations for terrorists in Afghanistan and secure the area, the United States drew on the engineering lessons and techno-

War. However, to fully stabilize these regions, a solid foundation for citizen rule would be needed after the United States left. “We are working with other organizations, such as SAME, to build institutional and intellectual capacity in both Iraq and Afghanistan so citizens of both countries can maintain their own USA, Chief of Engineers, wrote in TME.

THE ROAD AHEAD

The Society had moved into the new millennium with strength and purpose and yet, like the rest of the nation, it reeled after the events of September 11, 2001. The homeland was no longer the sanctuary it had been assumed to be, and the cyber domain emerged as a new battleground, where information needed to be secured like any military facility. As the nation realigned to protect its homeland, SAME redoubled its dedication to its founding values: to bring industry and government together to solve the nation’s biggest security challenges. The start of the millennium had shown just how big those challenges were, but also how powerful it was when engineers stood together. From closer partnerships between private and public industry, to emerging consortiums bringing together committed expertise, to the spread of the internet, was a powerful force indeed.

A T

previous combat period. To deny a base of operations for insurgents and terrorists, whole regions needed to be secured and stabilized on unprecedented levels. At the same time, federal projects were becoming ever larger and complex due to evolving user needs. To deliver with the speed and quality the nation demanded, strong relationships and dependable partnerships were required. als sought new ways to connect because that is what the quickened landscape demanded. SAME expanded networking opportunities, developing robust conferences and workshops at the national level to support a network of regional and local events. Digital technologies, initially a nascent capability, became commonplace. SAME moved to take advantage. And while membership numbers remained strong, the concept of engagement gained in importance as the Society’s next century dawned.

was larger and more comprehensive. The massive facility and infrastructure investment was an opportunity to both complete a comprehensive restructuring and achieve military force trans-

R Y

2007

After successful initial campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States pivoted to a more unconven-

100 years ago: that collaboration, communication, and trust between industry and government was key to ensuring a culture of readiness in America’s engineering community. With irreversible momentum, the Society sprinted toward its Centennial.

Following the end of the Cold War, the Department of Defense looked to either close or realign a number of installations that no longer played a part in its security posture. Though four previous rounds of BRAC had already

R V

announcement of “12 Actions for Change.” Strengthening resilience would become an integral aspect of design and construction practice, with federal owners prioritizing the ability to prepare for, withstand, adapt to, and recover from natural and manmade disasters.

2005–2020: ADAPTING FOR TODAY, AND TOMORROW

2005 Partnering for BRAC

formation through the incorporation of technological advancements. The program was also a major boon to the nation’s A/E/C industrial base.

2006 A Push for Resilience

base of operations and stabilizing the regions in preparation for home rule. By clearing improvised explosive devices, restoring utilities, and building facilities in contingency environments, engineers secured areas for coalition forces and improved quality of life, helping set the stage for a handover. “Reconstruction of war-torn nations is now multipurpose, serving to aid U.S. troop movement and promote stabilization in the locale through quality-of-life infrastructure improveTME.

Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans

2008 Infrastructure Recovery

deaths. The engineering community came together for a whole-of-force relief and rebuilding operation—and to determine how to reduce risk and strengthen local resilience nationally. “Hurricane Katrina’s disastrous impact

engineering project budgets, policymakers looked to conserve funding where possible, kicking off research into cost-saving measures and value engineering. The following year,

Orleans region served as a wakeup call for the Corps and the nation in how we have prepared for natural disasters and where we have accepted

A collapse in the banking and mortgage sectors quickly spread into a

and Reinvestment Act initiated a multitude of transportation, water resources, critical infrastructure, research projects, with a focus on shovel-ready work in order to spur job creation quickly.

140

2009 Researching the Market

With the growing complexity of projects, it was becoming much harder for a nies looked to specialize. Businesses eyed teaming arrangements and subcontracted work as design-build and other collaborative project delivery methods gained traction. However, for many small businesses, connecting with federal decision makers and contractof Engineers had previously co-sponsored a Small Business Conference with SAME, but in 2009, the Society took over hosting duties. “The SAME Small Business Conference represents a rare opportunity for small business leaders to gain the tools and education they need to position their businesses for success in the joint-service Department of Defense contracting environment,” remarked SAME Executive Director Dr. Robert Wolff.

2010 Pursuing Net Zero

Energy has long been a focus for the engineering community—and the military. But facing high costs, sustainability concerns over fossil fuels, and potential political instability, the U.S. renewable power sources. Landmark policy triggered prioritization of energy-related projects. Additionally,

an uptick in extreme weather events, as well as man-made disruptions, showed the need for installations to be energy-resilient. Wrote SAME President Timothy Byers, USAF, in TME “With tough competition for resources, we need to be creative. We need to work together to develop sustainable solutions that will look holistically across our posts, ports, camps, and TME would begin publishing an annual energy issue.

2012 Supporting Wounded Warriors

A near-decade of war in the Middle East had left many American servicemembers severely impacted. Through the Wounded Warrior Task Force, SAME galvanized vast local and national resources to support veterans’ quality-of-life needs and bring awareness and change to their challenges. “I am most proud of SAME’s support of our nation’s wounded warriors and their families, which was a major focus area this year,” wrote SAME President Rear Adm. Christopher Mossey, USN, in TME in 2012. The Society’s commitment to veterans would evolve into credentialing programs and transition assistance in order to enable them to in their post-service careers.

A T

2013 Securing the Cyber Domain

Along with the spread of computing and digital technology came an increase in cyberattacks that quickly moved beyond simple data theft to broken water mains, blackouts, and disrupted infrastructure. To address this emerging domain, SAME President Tony Leketa, SES (Ret.), made cybersecurity a focal point of the Society’s priorities, and in 2013, a Cyber Security for Infrastructure Task Force was set up that conducted workshops and training sessions. The cyber domain would continue to grow in the engineer lexicon, incorporating next-generation technologies like reshape future battlespaces.

2015 A Diverse and Multidisciplinary Legacy

R Y

SAME Foundation was established. In 2019, a national SAME Leader Development Program, fully underwritten by the SAME Foundation, kicked off with geographic region in the Society.

2017 Great Power Competition

elected SAME National President and Society expanded its outreach to state and municipal governments, markedly increased strategic partnerships with other professional organizations, and strengthened recruiting efforts of more enlisted members.

the National Defense Strategy noted that the United States’ competitive edge had decreased. Near-peer adversaries threatened to disrupt the balance of power in critical regions, and a redoubled investment in engineering projects and supporting infrastructure was required. Addressing needs promptly meant integrating many lessons learned from the past decade.

increased cost overruns or schedule delays—indicate we need to do a better job,” The Honorable Lucian Niemeyer, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations & Environment, TME. With projects growing more complex, so, too, did estimating their costs and timeline. SAME conducted a number of local and national events to address problems in the cost analysis pipeline.

2019 Emerging Contaminants (compounds most notably used in

emerging contaminants. Studies con-

141

R V

Through the Environmental Community of Interest, conference sessions, webinars, and TME, SAME was soon practices and solutions for this topic. In 2019, the Defense Department announced a PFAS Task Force to adfrom decades-long use.

After a span of lean budgetary years

“Recent project delivery trends—

the innovation and ingenuity a strong and forward-looking nation needed.

anthropic efforts and help foster engineering leadership for the nation, the

2018 Improving Project Delivery

From its founding, SAME cast a wide net for membership, recognizing that encouraging diversity of thought, ex-

2016 Foundation for the Future

THE ROAD AHEAD

At its 100th anniversary, SAME remains vital and enduring. As the needs of members evolved, SAME has kept pace, while remaining dedicated to the tenets of patriotism and national security set down in 1920. The adoption in 2012 of a new restricting senior military leaders from leading organizations in their professional capacity). But its positive impact on creating continuity of leadership and a multiyear strategic direction has positioned SAME for even greater impact. What the road ahead holds is unknown, as evidenced by the coronavirus pandemic that struck on the eve of SAME’s Centennial Celebration. Despite that disruption, the Society quickly reinvented and retooled in order to continue delivering value. More challenge in the next 100 years is inevitable. What is also certain is how SAME will respond: with ingenuity, innovation, and a commitment to serve the nation as the foremost integrator for leadership development and technical collaboration within the A/E/C profession.

SAME Leadership: 1920-2020 SAME Presidents 1920 Maj. Gen. William Black, USA (Ret.) 1921 Maj. Gen. William Black, USA (Ret.) 1922 Col. G.A. Youngberg, USA 1923 USA (Ret.) 1924 Maj. Gen. Lansing Beach, USA 1925 Maj. Gen. Harry Taylor, USA 1926 Brig. Gen. Cornelius Vanderbilt, USAR 1927 Maj. Gen. Edgar Jadwin, USA 1928 Brig. Gen. Charles Dawes, USA (Ret.) 1929 S.M. Felton 1930 Maj. Gen. Mason Patrick, USA (Ret.) 1931 Col. F.G. Jonah, USA (Ret.) 1932 Brig. Gen. Herbert Deakyne, USA (Ret.) 1933 Col. E.A. Gibbs, USA (Ret.) 1934 Col. C. McD. Townsend, USA (Ret.) 1935 Col. Albert Perkins, USA (Ret.) 1936 Brig. Gen. Charles Kutz, USA (Ret.) 1937 Rear Adm. R.E. Bakenhus, CEC, USN 1938 Maj. William Bowie, USAR (Ret.) 1939 Brig. Gen. G.B. Pillsbury, USA (Ret.)

1940 Col. J. Monroe Johnson, USA (Ret.) 1941 Rear Adm. Ben Moreell, CEC, USN 1942 Maj. Gen. Julian Schley, USA (Ret.) 1943 Frederick Hall Fowler 1944 Vice Adm. R.R. Waesche, USCG 1945 Brig. Gen. W.H. Rose, USA (Ret.) 1946 Rear Adm. Henry Williams, USN (Ret.) 1947 Maj. Gen. Carl Gray Jr., USA (Ret.) 1948 Maj. Gen. David McCoach Jr., USA (Ret.) 1949 Rear Adm. J.J. Manning, CEC, USN 1950 Lt. Gen. R.A. Wheeler, USA (Ret.) 1951 Rear Adm. Leo Otis Colbert, USCGS (Ret.) 1952 John Volpe 1953 Brig. Gen. Dwight Johns, USA (Ret.) 1954 Maj. Lenox Lohr, USA (Ret.) 1955 Rear Adm. Joseph Jelley, CEC, USN 1956 Maj. Gen. James Newman Jr., USAF (Ret.) 1957 Rear Adm. H. Arnold Karo, USCGS 1958 Maj. Gen. Emerson Itschner, USA 1959 Vice Adm. W. Orme Hiltabidle, CEC, USN (Ret.) 1960 Maj. Gen. Augustus Minton, USAF

1961 Col. Walker Cisler, USA (Ret.) 1962 Rear Adm. Eugene Peltier, CEC, USN (Ret.) 1963 Lt. Gen. W.K. Wilson Jr., USA 1964 Maj. Gen. Robert Curtin, USAF 1965 Rear Adm. Peter Corradi, CEC, USN 1966 Rear Adm. John Oren, USCG 1967 Lt. Gen. William Cassidy, USA 1968 Rear Adm. Alexander Husband, CEC, USN 1969 Lt. Gen. Frederick Clarke, USA 1970 Maj. Gen. Guy Goddard, USAF 1971 Rear Adm. Walter Enger, CEC, USN 1972 Donald Bentley 1973 Brig. Gen. H.O. Johnson Jr., USAF 1974 Lt. Gen. William Gribble Jr., USA 1975 Rear Adm. A.R. Marschall, CEC, USN 1976 Maj. Gen. Robert Thompson, USAF 1977 1978 Lt. Gen. John Morris, USA 1979 Rear Adm. Donald Iselin, CEC, USN 1980 Maj. Gen. William Gilbert, USAF 1981 Louis Riggs 1982 Lt. Gen. Joseph Bratton, USA

142

1983 Rear Adm. William Zobel, CEC, USN 1984 Maj. Gen. Clifton Wright Jr., USAF 1985 Rear Adm. Kenneth Wiman, USCG 1986 Rear Adm. John Paul Jones Jr., CEC, USN 1987 Lt. Gen. E.R. Heiberg III, USA 1988 Maj. Gen. George Ellis, USAF 1989 Rear Adm. Benjamin Montoya, CEC, USN 1990 Maj. Gen. Joseph Ahearn, USAF 1991 Lt. Gen. Henry Hatch, USA 1992 Rear Adm. David Bottorff, CEC, USN 1993 Maj. Gen. James McCarthy, USAF 1994 Rear Adm. Jack 1995 Lt. Gen. Arthur Williams, USA 1996 Maj. Gen. Eugene Lupia, USAF 1997 Rear Adm. David Nash, CEC, USN 1998 Lt. Gen. Joe Ballard, USA 1999 Rear Adm. Louis Smith, CEC, USN 2000 Maj. Gen. Earnest Robbins II, USAF 2001 Roger Wozny 2002 Lt. Gen. Robert Flowers, USA 2003 Rear Adm. Michael Johnson, CEC, USN

2004 Maj. Gen. L. Dean Fox, USAF 2005 Rear Adm. Michael Loose, CEC, USN 2006 Lt. Gen. Carl Strock, USA 2007 Maj. Gen. Delwyn Eulberg, USAF 2008 Rear Adm. W. Gregory Shear Jr., CEC, USN 2009 Lt. Gen. Robert Van Antwerp, USA 2010 Maj. Gen. Timothy Byers, USAF 2011 Rear Adm. Christopher Mossey, CEC, USN 2012 Anthony Leketa, SES (Ret.) 2013 Rear Adm. Gary Engle, USN (Ret.) 2014 Col. John Mogge, Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) 2015 Jane Penny 2016 Capt. Michael Blount, USN (Ret.) 2017 Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.) 2018 Col. Marvin Fisher, USAF (Ret.) 2019 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) 2020 Heather Wishart-Smith

Executive Directors

1920-1921: Maj. D.L. Weart, USA 1921-1921: Maj. H.J. Richards, USA 1921-1922: Maj. R.W. Crawford, USA 1922-1929: Maj. Lenox Lohr, USA

1929-1931: Lt. Col. J.N. Hodges, USA 1931-1931: Maj. J.H. Wheat, USA 1931-1939: Col. W.P. Wooten, USA (Ret.) 1939-1940: Col. W.A. Mitchell, USA (Ret.) 1940-1940: Maj. William Bowie, USA (Ret.) 1940-1947: Col. J. Franklin Bell, USA (Ret.) 1947-1965: Col. Fabian Kohloss, USA (Ret.) 1965-1978: Brig. Gen. William Hall, USA (Ret.) 1978-1993: Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.) 1993-1999: Vice Adm. Bruce Beran, USCG (Ret.) 1999-2002: Maj. Gen. Pat Stevens IV, USA (Ret.) 2002-2014: Dr. Robert Wolff 2014-Present: Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, USA (Ret.)

SAME Foundation Founding Board Maj. Gen. Delwyn Eulberg, USAF (Ret.)

(Ret.) Vice Adm. Michael Loose, USN (Ret.) Lt. Gen. Robert Van Antwerp, USA (Ret.) Roger Wozny

SAME Foundation Presidents

2017-2019: Col. John Mogge Jr., Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) 2020-Present: Harold Rosen

Sustaining Members

Companies that have been active SAME Sustaining Members for 25 years or more as of 2020 (listed by year/order the company joined). 1958 LEO A DALY 1964 Burns & McDonnell 1968 Shannon & Wilson Inc. Jacobs STV 1970 HDR Page 1972 Benham Design LLC 1973 Freese and Nichols 1974 WSP Stantec 1975 Stanley Consultants Ayres Associates 1977 Michael Baker International Barr Engineering Co. 1978 Schemmer Fordice Construction Co. Spencer-Engineers Inc. Volkert Inc. 1979 Vansant & Gusler Inc. 1980 Moffatt & Nichol

Garver Atkins Syska Hennessy Group

Palmer Engineering Woolpert Inc. Recco Inc. dba Five-R Company

1981 RS&H N-Y Associates Inc. Guernsey

1988 Sherlock, Smith & Adams T. Baker Smith LLC LS3P Associates Ltd. RK&K The Dutra Group LIN Associates Inc. Strand Associates Inc. Cooke, Douglass, Farr, Lemons Architects & Engineers PA

1982 Farris Engineering Inc. Halff Associates Barge Design Solutions Inc. Merrick & Company HNTB 1983 Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers Dewberry Kiewit 1984 Pennoni Associates Inc. Butt Construction Co. Caliburn International AECOM Buchart Horn Inc. 1985 Koontz Electric Co. I C Thomasson Associates Inc. Tetra Tech Inc. Lamp, Rynearson & Associates Inc. Neel-Schaffer Inc. 1986 WALTER P MOORE Wiley|Wilson Cornforth Consultants Inc. Wood Trane U.S. Inc. 1987 HB&A Woods • Peacock Huitt-Zollars Inc. Weston Solutions

143

1989 C & H Associates Inc. GeoEngineers Inc. DJG Inc. Caterpillar Aviation Alliance Inc. Hanson Professional Services Thompson Engineering Inc. EA Engineering, Science, and Technology Inc. PBC 1990 KZF Design R.A. Burch Construction Co. JNS Engineers LLC Watterson Construction Co. Whitman, Requardt and Associates LLP DOWL APTIM Parsons 1991 ASSA ABLOY Black & Veatch Leidos Ardurra Group Inc. Bamforth Engineers + Surveyors Inc. GLMV Architecture Inc. ARA FPM Group Ltd.

1992 FGM Architects Inc. Ninyo & Moore Cardno Versar 1993 EwingCole GEI Consultants Inc. ARCADIS U.S. Inc. Sevenson Environmental Services Inc. IGR GMBH R & D Maintenance Services Architects Hawaii Ltd. Wilson Okamoto Corp. Environmental Quality Management Inc. S&B Infrastructure Ltd. R&M Consultants Inc. Skelly and Loy Inc. Right Angle Engineering PC 1994 Haley & Aldrich Aerial Data Service Inc. SEH—Short Elliot Hendrickson Ross & Baruzzini Schnabel Engineering Kleinfelder Lennon, Smith, Souleret Engineering Inc. GP Strategies Corp. Pepe Engineering Terracon Consultants Inc. 1995 AKS PS Inc. A & M Engineering and Environmental Services Bhate Environmental Associates Conti Federal Services Frederick Ward Associates The Onyx Group Stronghold Engineering Inc. Vasquez Marshall Architects TLC Engineering

SAME Fellows

Members chosen as Fellows before the Academy of Fellows was created in 1995 were selected on a rolling basis throughout the year. Record-keeping, however, was not always consistent during the period. The list of Fellows pre-1995 has been compiled through best available resources (some are listed at their rank at time of selection; others are listed at a later rank if their selection was determined through additional research). Fellows listed post-1995 are shown at their rank at the time of their investiture. We apologize for any errors or omissions. In 1972, the Society created and approved the grade of Fellow. The inaugural list of Fellows, comprised then of notable members and national leaders, was chosen during 1973 and published in their then-present rank. Active or retired status was not listed, either.

Chairs of the Academy of Fellows

2020-2021 Rear Adm. Mark Handley, USN (Ret.) 2019-2020 Lt. Col. Neal Wright, USA (Ret.) 2018-2019 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) 2017-2018 Col. Raymond Willcocks, USAF (Ret.) 2015-2017 Capt. William Bersson, USN (Ret.) 2012-2015 William Brown Sr., SES (Ret.) 2011-2012 Paul Parker, SES 2009-2011 Rear Adm. Gary Engle, USN (Ret.) 2007-2009 Rear Adm. Robert Williams, USPHS 2005-2007 Linda McKnight 2003-2005 Anthony Leketa, SES 2002-2003 Roger Wozny 2001-2002 Brig. Gen. Ralph Locurcio, USA (Ret.) 2000-2001 Maj. Gen. Clifton Wright, USAF (Ret.) 1999-2000 Rear Adm. David Bottorff, USN (Ret.) 1998-1999 Maj. Gen. Patrick Kelly, USA (Ret.) 1997-1998 Maj. Gen. James McCarthy, USAF (Ret.) 1996-1997 Maj. Gen. Joseph Ahearn, USAF (Ret.) 1995-1996 Brig. Gen. Gerald Brown, USA (Ret.)

Distinguished Fellows

2018 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) Capt. James Donahue, USCG (Ret.) Anthony Leketa, SES (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Eugene Lupia, USAF (Ret.) Linda McKnight Jane Penny Lt. Col. Scott Prosuch, USA (Ret.) Harold Rosen 2019 Lt. Col. Bernard Ossey, USA (Ret.) 2020 Suzanne DiGeronimo Rear Adm. Gary Engle, USN (Ret.) Rear Adm. David Nash, USN (Ret.) Roger Wozny

Inaugural Fellows – 1974 Col. Robert Armstrong Michael Baker Jr. Lt. Col. Ralph Baker Rear Adm. J. V. Bartlett Col. R. Charles Bean George Beard Maj. Archer Bedell Lt. Henry Beekman Lt. Col. Erwin Behnisch Burton Bell Donald Bentley Col. Henry Berbert Lt. Col. Ray Berdeau Col. Howard Bisbort Charles Blackman Louis Botsai Maj. Gen. Frank Bowman

Walter Boyer Rear Adm. Anthony Braccia George Rufus Brown T. A. Burdick Capt. Greer Busbee Jr. J. Thomas Camlet Lt. George Camp Col. Howard Canan Brig. Gen. C. Craig Cannon Col. John Carruth Maj. Gen. Hugh Casey Lt. Gen. William Cassidy Lt. Col. Jerome Cerney Col. John Chandler Brig. Gen. Bradford Chynoweth Col. Walker Cisler Lt. Gen. F. J. Clarke Col. Ervin Clausen Gen. Lucius Clay Col. Frank Collins Jr. Col. Hubert Collins Rear Adm. Lewis Combs Col. Robert Copeland Rear Adm. Peter Corradi Vice Adm. Kenneth Cowart Maj. Gen. Roscoe Crawford Col. Ralph Cruse Maj. Gen. Robert Curtin Lt. George Dahl Maj. Gen. John Dalrymple Capt. John Daniels Maj. Norman Davidson Col. Norman Dean E. Robert DeLuccia Rear Adm. John Dillon Capt. J. F. Doonan Col. James Dorst Maj. Gen. Charles Duke George Durfey Col. John Easby Maj. Gen. Glen Edgerton Rear Adm. W. M. Enger Donald Eppert Capt. Carl Erickson Capt. J. Henry Etter Col. Wendell Fertig Lt. Col. Robert Fisher Col. Edward Fletcher Col. Harry Fox Capt. Richard Fox Capt. John Frederickson Lt. Victor Frincke Frank Gale Samuel Gates

144

Col. Rene Genthon Lt. Col. Rogers George Jr. Capt. Herbert Gilkey Brig. Gen. Morris Gilland Col. Roy Gillette Raymond Gladding Maj. Gen. Guy Goddard Col. John Goedike Maj. Gen. Ernest Graves Jr. Col. Robert Greigg Col. Michael Grenata Lt. Gen. William Gribble Jr. Maj. Gen. Richard Groves Col. Herbert Haar Jr. Harvey Hall Brig. Gen. W. C. Hall Col. Henry Hannis Col. Edward Harwood Capt. Russell Hastings Capt. Henry Hemple Maj. Gen. Lawrence Heinlein Vice Adm. W. Orme Hiltabidle Gen. William Höge Brig. Gen. William Holcombe Maj. Gen. Charles Holle Maj. H. V. S. Hubbard Col. George Hudson Capt. Ralph Hunter Rear Adm. A. C. Husband James Ingram Col. Elroy S. J. Irvine Rear Adm. D. G. Iselin Lt. Gen. E. C. Itschner Rear Adm. Joseph Jelley Brig. Gen. Dwight Johns Cdr. Don Johnson Col. Frank M. S. Johnson Brig. Gen. H. O. Johnson Jr. S. Kenneth Johnson Col. Dewitt Jones Rear Adm. Don Jones Brig. Gen. Harris Jones W. B. Jones Lt. Ernest Kaiser Vice Adm. H. Arnold Karo Cdr. Julian M. F. Kau Maj. Sylvester Keams Col. Charles Keller Jr. Col. William Kelly Col. Edwin Kelton Col. Clark Kittrell Harry Klein Col. F. H. Kohloss Maj. Gen. F. P. Koisch William Koksch

Marvin Kudroff Col. Oscar Kuentz Capt. Samuel Kuhn Kenneth Lancet Col. Harvey Latson Maj. John Leslie Col. Aleck MacDonald Col. Edward MacMillan Col. Luther Maddox Edward Maier Warren Mann Col. Joseph Markle Rear Adm. A. R. Marschall Lawson Matter Col. George Mayo Philip McCallister Col. Francis McGinnis Rear Adm. Robert Meade Col. James Meanor Jr. Col. Walter Medding Lt. Col. Hector Mendieta Col. Sydney Mewhirter Maj. Gen. Augustus Minton Russell Mitchell Rear Adm. Lewis Moeller Col. Anderson T. W. Moore Maj. Gen. Cecil Moore Rear Adm. Ben Moreell Col. John Morgan W. Cullen Morris Julius Muether Col. Alexander Neilson Alfred Niles Lt. Gen. Daniel Noce Capt. Reginald Offutt Maj. Gen. Lunsford Oliver Rear Adm. John Oren Lt. Col. Bernard Ossey John Ott Clair Patterson Brig. Gen. Ernest Peixotto Rear Adm. E. J. Peltier Graham Pelton Capt. William Peters Maj. Gen. Ewart Plank Col. James Porter Rear Adm. Allen Powell Maj. John Pruhs Maj. Gen. Maurice Reilly Brig. Gen. Clarence Renshaw Lt. Col. Fred Rhodes Jr. Maj. Gen. George Richards Col. Holland Robb Capt. Ernest Robinson Harry Roe

SAME Leadership 1920-2020 Maj. Gen. Andrew Rollins Jr. Robert Rowley Capt. Henry Saurbrey Col. Robert Schirmer Maj. Gen. Stanley Scott Maj. Gen. Robert Seedlock Charles Sells Maj. Gen. Roy Sessums Col. Truman Setliffe Maj. Gen. John Seybold Col. Arthur Sheridan Maj. Gen. Alden Sibley Vincent Sill Col. Harry Skerry Lt. Col. James Slade Rear Adm. Spencer Smith Lt. Cleon Spangler Albert Stanley Maj. Gen. W. L. Stames Capt. Warren Stevens Maj. Roland Stock Brig. Gen. James Stratton Brig. Gen. Frederick Strong Jr. Lt. Gen. Wilhelm Styer Danial Sullivan Maj. Gen. L. J. Sverdrup Col. Harley Swift Brig. Gen. Robert Tarbox Lt. Col. James Taylor Jr. Hanford Thayer Capt. Miller Tonkel Maj. Gen. Max Tyler Col. Arnold C. Van Zandt Brig. Gen. Herbert Vogel Hon. John Volpe Lt. Col. Arthur von Deesten Col. Francis Walter Jr. Brig. Gen. William Wanamaker John Ward Jr. Brig. Gen. W. W. Watkin Jr. Lt. Col. E. Wayne Watkins Maj. Gen. Douglas Weart Brig. Gen. Theron Weaver Capt. C. Ken Weidner Lt. Hanley Weiser Col. Carlin Whitesell Col. Maybin Wilson Lt. Gen. W. K. Wilson Jr. Cdr. Lauress Wise Leon Woodhull Col. Herman Work Brig. Gen. Ludson Worsham Col. Leverett Yoder Brig. Gen. Mason Young Capt. William Zobel

Fellows Recognized 1975 to 1994

Maj. Gen. Joseph Ahearn, USAF (Ret.) Raymond Aldridge Maj. Gen. M. Gary Alkire, USAF (Ret.) John Almond Harold Alvord H.P. Ames Dr. Arsham Amirikian Rudolf Arnold Brian Ashbaugh Capt. Ralph Auerbach Jr., USN (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Dionel Aviles, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.) Col. Jimmy Baggett, USAR Col. Aldo Bagnulo, USA (Ret.) Col. Roger Baldwin, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) Capt. Robert Barton, USA (Ret.) Arthur Bendelius Vice Adm. A. Bruce Beran, USCG (Ret.) Col. Howard Boatman, USA (Ret.) Martin Boivin Rear Adm. John Bossler, USN (Ret.) George Bottger Col. Robert Bouffard, USA (Ret.) Col. Brian Branagan, USA (Ret.) Melroy Brandt William Brewer Maj. William Brill, USMCR (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Gerald Brown, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Peter Brown, USN (Ret.) William Brown Sr. Col. Oscar Bryan Jr., USAF (Ret.) (Ret.) Pearl Burke Capt. John Burky, USN (Ret.) Dr. George Cannon Jr. Col. Glenn Carlson, USAR (Ret.) Col. Jack Clifton, USA (Ret.) Wade Cockburn Capt. W. Collins Jr., USNR (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Richard Connell, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Robert Courter Jr., USAF (Ret.) Paul Cox Bazel Crowe Capt. John Cusack, USNR (Ret.) Capt. Joseph D’Emidio, USN (Ret.) Col. Thomas Dalzell, USMC (Ret.) Dr. Theodore S. J. Davi

Emilio De Soto Maj. Gen. Norman Delbridge Jr., USA (Ret.) Gary Dickinson Thomas Dickmann Suzanne DiGeronimo Dr. Anthony Digioia Jr. Frank DiMarzo Brig. Gen. Jimmy Dishner, USAFR (Ret.) Lt. Gen. Charles Dominy, USA (Ret.) Capt. James Donahue, USCG (Ret.) Richard Donovan Allen Driemeier Maj. Gen. C. Ernest Edgar III, USA (Ret.) Julia Ellegood Al Esser Rear Adm. Robert Esterbrooks, USNR (Ret.) Col. Carl Farrell, USAF (Ret.) Theodore Finkemeier Col. Charles Fiala Jr., USA (Ret.) Col. John Foley, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Arthur Fort, USN (Ret.) Lt. Cdr. E. Montford Fucik, USN (Ret.) Rear Adm. Robert Gallen, USN (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Forrest Gay III, USA (Ret.) Col. Edwin Geesey, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Stanley Genega, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Albert Genetti Jr., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Rogers George Jr., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Ralph Gilbert Jr., USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. William Gilbert, USAF (Ret.) Col. James Gilland, USA (Ret.) John Goga Capt. Ralph Grahl, USN (Ret.) Edward Greco Col. Gurnie Gunter, USA (Ret.) Francis Hall Col. Philip Hall, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Duncan Hallock, USA (Ret.) Mark Hanlon Bruce Hanna Maj. Orester Harper Jr., USAF (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Richard Harris, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. John Harty, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Gen. Henry Hatch, USA (Ret.)

145

Lt. Col. David Hatcher, USAF (Ret.) Col. James Hays, USA (Ret.) Col. Donald Hazen, USA (Ret.) Lt. Gen. E. R. Heiberg III, USA (Ret.) Robert Herz Lt. Col. Thomas Hicklin, USA (Ret.) Capt. William Hilderbrand, USN (Ret.) Ronald Hilton Capt. Charles Howe, USN (Ret.) Col. Ronald Hudson, USA (Ret.) Samuel Hudson Rear Adm. Wesley Hull, NOAA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Milton Hunter, USA (Ret.) Col. Herman Husbands, USAF (Ret.) Joseph Ignazio Col. Robert Iten, USAF (Ret.) Rear Adm. Jon Ives, USN (Ret.) Max Janairo Jr. Col. Robert Jayne, USA (Ret.) C. Marvin Jensen Col. Guy Jester, USA (Ret.) Capt. Don Johnson, USN (Ret.) Col. George Johnson, USA (Ret.) Capt. William Johnson Jr., USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. John Jones Jr., USN (Ret.) Col. Charles Joyner Jr., USA (Ret.) Dr. Jerry Feng Kao Brig. Gen. Paul Kavanaugh, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Richard Kem, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Kenneth Kennedy, USA (Ret.) Patrick Keough Perry King, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Millard Kirk, USNR (Ret.) Albert Komatsu Capt. William Kozak, USCG (Ret.) Edwin Kucerik Col. James Lammie, USA (Ret.) Carl Lang Lt. Gen. Walter Leber, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Robert Lee, USA (Ret.) Joseph Legath Col. Roy Lemons, USAF (Ret.) Capt. Herbert Lewis Jr., USN (Ret.) Donald Liddell Col. Seymour Liebmann, AUS (Ret.) Elbert Link Maj. Gen. Thomas Lipscomb, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Ralph Locurcio, USA (Ret.)

Col. Harry Lombard, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Joseph Loncki, USAF (Ret.) Cdr. Thomas Lonegan, USN (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Robert Louque Jr., USA (Ret.) Col. Miller Love Jr., USA (Ret.) John Lukacz Jr. Maj. Gen. Eugene Lupia, USAF (Ret.) Everett Mabry Lt. Cdr. Robert Manuel, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Jeffrey Markey, USAF (Ret.) Donald Martin Larry Martin Maj. Gen. James McCarthy, USAF (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Patrick McCarthy, USA (Ret.) Joseph McElroy Maj. Gen. Charles McGinnis, USA (Ret.) Leo McGrath Col. Dale Means, USA (Ret.) Col. Stanley Meeken, USA (Ret.) Dr. Kenneth Meeks Dr. Charles Merdinger Brig. Gen. William Meredith, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Douglas Merkle, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. James Metalios, USA (Ret.) Col. Franklin Mikle, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Benjamin Montoya, USN (Ret.) Dr. John Morgan Lt. Gen. John Morris II, USA (Ret.) Col. Richard Morton, USA (Ret.) Col. Lawrence Munsie Jr., USAF (Ret.) Col. Charles Myers III, USA (Ret.) Lt. Gen. Max Noah, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Harley Nygren, NOAA (Ret.) Col. Thomas O’Connor Jr., USA (Ret.) Capt. William O’Donnell, USN (Ret.) Col. Leopold Ortiz, Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) Cdr. Frederick Osgood, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Robert Ottesen, USA (Ret.) Joseph Paoluccio Robert Page Joe Patterson Jr. Col. Norman Pehrson, USA (Ret.) James Perkins Col. T. Roger Peterson, USA Capt. Eugene Pickett, USN (Ret.)

Col. William Poad, USAF (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Joseph Pratt, USA (Ret.) John Price Dr. John Prien Jr., J.D. William Pugh Capt. Robert Quinn Jr., USN (Ret.) Richard Ragold Col. Ed Rapp, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. James Ray, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Dewey Rhodes Jr., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. John Richards, USA (Ret.) Cardell Richardson Sr. Peta Richkus Harry Rietman Capt. James Rispoli, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Charles Rivenbark, USMC (Ret.) Maj. Gen. George Robertson, USA (Ret.) Col. Cranston Rogers, USAR (Ret.) Dr. Marian Rollings Albert Rollins Harold Rosen Brig. Gen. Maurice Roush, USAF (Ret.) Col. Alvin Rowe, USA (Ret.) Col. Laurence Sadoff, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Thomas Sands, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Robert Sanquist, NOAA (Ret.) Col. Paul Sather, USA (Ret.) Col. Nicholas Scambilis, Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) Edward Schmeltz Maj. Henry Schrader, USA (Ret.) Col. Romayne Schroder, USA (Ret.) Eileen Schulman Col. Ray Schwartz, USAF (Ret.) Col. Carl Sciple, USA (Ret.) Charles Settoon Mahesh Shah Col. Charles Shreves, USA (Ret.) Charles Shuford Jr. Col. Joseph Smedile, USA (Ret.) Carl Smith Maj. Gen. Scott Smith, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. John Sobke, USA (Ret.) Col. Lewis Sowell Jr., USA (Ret.) Capt. Thomas Stallman, USN (Ret.) William Stanley James Steele Francis Steele Richard Stern Cheryl Stewart Capt. Raymond Stone, NOAA (Ret.)

Col. Oren Strom, USAF (Ret.) William Stroman Lt. Gen. Theodore Stroup, USA (Ret.) Cdr. Robert Sundin, USCG (Ret.) Robert Sylar Maj. Gen. William Taylor, USA (Ret.) Col. John Thomas, USAF (Ret.) Dr. Charles Thornton Col. Erland Tillman, USA (Ret.) Capt. W. Wayne Tomiak, USN (Ret.) William Trieschman Jr. Andrew Tun Thomas Ushijima Jaman “Jim” Vithalani Col. Frank Walk, USA (Ret.) Lt. Gen. John Wall, USA (Ret.) Col. Roger “Buck” Walters, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Robert Waterston, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Merrill Watt II, USA (Ret.) Col. Phil Weinert, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Richard Wells, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Edward Wenners, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. William Whipple Jr., USA (Ret.) Bobby White Alexander Whitney Jr. Lt. Gen. Arthur Williams, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Charles Williams, USA (Ret.) Col. Daniel Wilson, USA (Ret.) Capt. Eric Wilson, USN (Ret.) Rear Adm. Kenneth Wiman, USCG (Ret.) Col. Edwin Withers, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Eugene Witherspoon, USA (Ret.) Roger Wozny Maj. Gen. Clifton Wright Jr., USAF (Ret.) Capt. James Wright, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Donald Wuerz, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Charles Wurster, USCG (Ret.) Rear Adm. J. Austin Yeager, NOAA (Ret.) Col. James Zody, USAF (Ret.)

Fellows Invested 1995 to 2020 Class of 1995

Lt. Col. William Allanach Jr., USA Roger Austin Brandon Backlund Dr. Harold Balbach

Cdr. William Bersson, USNR Col. John Booth, USA M. Paul Brott Col. Louis Circeo Jr., Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Col. John Coats, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Donald Connor, USN (Ret.) Col. Patrick Coullahan, USAF Lt. Col. Floyd Currie, USAFR (Ret.) Rear Adm. Thomas Dames, USN Thomas Delaney Jr. Rear Adm. Patrick Drennon, USN (Ret.) Col. Harry Dutchyshyn, USA (Ret.) Col. Frank Finch, USA Lt. Col. Ernest Fricks, USAFR (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Clair Gill, USA Edward Gilvey Capt. Albert Gravallese, USNR (Ret.) Capt. Thomas Gunn, USN David Hall Michael Haratunian Brig. Gen. Robert Herndon, USA Col. Marvin Jacobs, USA (Ret.) Peter Jobs Col. James Jordan, USAR (Ret.) Col. James Paul King, USA (Ret.) Roderick Kirkwood Michael Kishiyama John Lambrecht Thomas Leuschen John Magee Phillip McMillan Walter Mikucki Rear Adm. Robert Moeller, USN R. M. Monti Rear Adm. David Nash, USN Jack Newhard Lt. Col. J. David Norwood, USA Laura Perritt Rear Adm. Sigmund Petersen, NOAA Col. Glenn Phelps, USA (Ret.) Col. George Prince Jr. Dr. Carl Raba Jr. Louis Richie Col. Karsten Rothenberg, USAF Lt. Col. John Siebert III, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Michael Shelton, USN Col. Garrett Sidler, USA (Ret.) Martin Stein Ted Trueblood Leo Von Scheben Jr. Dr. Robert Wolff

146

Brig. Gen. Roger Yankoupe, USA (Ret.) Dr. Guy York Harry Zimmerman Jr.

Class of 1996

Lt. Col. James Arenz, USA (Ret.) John Berkhoudt Donald Berman John Blake Joseph Bocchino Maj. Gen. Robert Bunker, USA (Ret.) Col. Marion Leland Caldwell Jr., USA (Ret.) Robert Chambers Robert Crawley Rear Adm. James Doebler, USN (Ret.) Capt. Daniel Farrell, USCG Cdr. Dennis Fewell, USN (Ret.) Daniel Flippen Col. L. Dean Fox, USAF K. Kenneth Fujishiro Brig. Gen. Gerald Galloway, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Col. Edward Gibson, USA (Ret.) John Glover Brig. Gen. Roy Goodwin, USAF (Ret.) Curt Guernsey Jr. Matthew Harvey David Henney Lt. Col. George Hightower, USAF (Ret.) Irving Hoffman Ronald Hubbard Ronald Hughbanks Col. Glenn Ingwersen, USA (Ret.) Birdel Jackson III Philip Jozwiak Maj. Gen. Patrick Kelly, USA (Ret.) William Logan Jr. Col. Carl Magnell, USA (Ret.) Col. John Mogge Jr., Ph.D., USAF Col. Edward Morris, USA (Ret.) Col. William Myers, USAFR (Ret.) Dr. Satyesh Nanda James Page Cheryl Paoluccio Francis Pierce Carl Postlewate Col. John Rhett, USA (Ret.) Capt. Joseph Riccio Jr., USN Col. Norman Riebe, USA (Ret.) Tod Ringenberg

Brig. Gen. Earnest Robbins II, USAF Capt. Palmer Roberts, USN (Ret.) John Rushing Gary Schmidt Lt. Col. Stephen Shepard, USA (Ret.) Capt. Ronald Silva, USCG Maj. Gen. Pat Stevens IV, USA Brig. Gen. Philip Stowell, USAF Brig. Gen. Benjamin Talley, USA (Ret.) Donald Taylor Col. Jonathan Thompson, USA Col. James Tremblay, USAF (Ret.) James Volz Donald Weisstuch Kathleen Willcuts Lt. Col. George Wuerch, USMC (Ret.)

Class of 1997

Maj. Gen. Phillip Anderson, USA Lt. Col. J. Michael Bradbury, USA (Ret.) Col. William Barnes, USA Shan Batheja Kenneth Bell Vincent Boyer Capt. John Callahan Jr., NOAA (Ret.) John Chiaverini Col. Terence Connell, USA (Ret.) Christina Correale Richard Craig Rose Dela Vega Capt. James Delker, USN (Ret.) Frank Demartino Paul Denison Col. Frank Destadio, USAF (Ret.) Cdr. Lloyd Duscha, USNR (Ret.) Col. Raymond Eineigl, USA (Ret.) Gary Erickson Thomas Follett Lt. Col. Chester Fowler, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Thomas Frendak, USA (Ret.) Dr. Richard Gates Lt. Col. Richard Goodell, USA (Ret.) Col. Thomas Gross, USAF (Ret.) Edward Hammond Mitchell Harris Col. Stuart Hartford, USAF Col. Bernard Hughes, USA (Ret.) Roland Johnston Charles Jones Anthony Leketa, SES

SAME Leadership 1920-2020 Werner Loehlein Col. Norman Lovejoy, USA (Ret.) Alvin Meyer Wendy Mininberg Davis Moriuchi Col. Michael Meuleners, USA (Ret.) William Murden Sara Leveda Parton Capt. James Rauch, USCG (Ret.) Col. Oleh Skrypczuk, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Elias Smith, USA (Ret.) Olaf Stechow Lt. Col. Robert Stromberg, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Michael Stuhr, USA (Ret.) Capt. Donald Suloff, NOAA (Ret.) Col. Peter Topp, USA (Ret.) Col. Ronald Torgerson, USAF (Ret.) Col. James Van Epps, USA (Ret.) Capt. David Walsh, USN (Ret.)

Class of 1998

John Accardi John Baggett Michael Baldino Cdr. Albert Barco IV, USCG Col. Joel Bradshaw III, USAF Col. David Cannan, USAF Col. Richard Cardinale, USAF Col. Luis Carrillo-Rivera, USA (Ret.) Col. John Castonguay, USA Robert Day Alan Duncan Dr. Anthony Eberhardt James Edinger Brig. Gen. Larry Enyart, USAF Col. John Estes IV, USAF Terence Flanagan Maj. Gen. Robert Flowers, USA George Fortune Jr. Capt. Brad Fowler, USN (Ret.) Vivian Goo Lt. Col. David Guadalupe, USAF Dudley Hanson Walter Heinz Dean Holt Col. Mike Hrapla, USAF W.L. Jacobsen Rear Adm. Michael Johnson, USN Lt. Col. Charles Joyner, USA (Ret.) Mark Kessinger Nicholai Kolesnikoff Dr. Frank Kudrna Robert Lindner

Cerelina Lucero Gary Lynn Rear Adm. Peter Marshall, USN Col. Robert Martin, USA (Ret.) Col. Stephen Massey, USA T. Michael McMillen Wallace Muehl Sr. Col. Joseph Munter, USAF (Ret.) Col. Donald Murphy, USAF (Ret.) Larry Myers Lt. Col. Susan Myers, USA Lt. Col. Thomas Nichols, USA (Ret.) Jane Penny Dr. Teresa Pohlman Col. John Pollard, USAF (Ret.) Allen Poppino L. Lynn Pruitt Stan Rankin Capt. Julian Sabbatini, USN (Ret.) Mary Ann Schebeck Cdr. Howard Sherman, USN (Ret.) Nicholas Shestople Mark Simmons Col. Michael Thuss, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Robert Van Antwerp, USA James Van Orman Ronald Weiss Col. J.B West, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. John Whisler Jr., USA (Ret.) John Wilson Lt. Col. Gregory Wine, USAR

Class of 1999

Rear Adm. John Albright, NOAA Frank Andrews Lt. Col. Charles Andrle, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Gen. Joe Ballard, USA Col. H. Dean Bartel, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Morgan Benson, USA (Ret.) Eric Bischoff Capt. James Blanchar, USNR (Ret.) Col. Donald Blanchard, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. James Bud Brown Jr., USA (Ret.) Jack Bryant Capt. Peter Cannon, USAFR (Ret.) James Chapman Col. Richard Chapman, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Paul Chinen, USA (Ret.) Col. Louis Chiodini Jr., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. John Lindsey Craig, USA (Ret.) Capt. Thomas Crane, USN (Ret.) John D’Aniello Samuel Smith Doak

Terrel Emmons Col. William Eng, USAF Col. Ralph Grieco, USA (Ret.) Capt. John Hannigan, USCG (Ret.) Col. Thomas Hodgini, USA Victor Landry Jr. Col. Peter Madsen, USA Maj. Jack Manley, USAFR Capt. Salvatore Martinelli, USN (Ret.) Col. Robert Morris, USAF (Ret.) Capt. Anthony Parisi, USN (Ret.) Dr. Jan Plachta William Scalf Jr. Joseph Scolaro David Servis Rear Adm. Louis Smith, USN Lt. Col. Dave Sprenkle, ANG Robert Stevens Lenora Sutphin Capt. Thomas Tanner, USN (Ret.) Col. Gary Tucker, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Glen Weien, USA (Ret.) Donald Whitesell John Wood Lawrence Woscyna

Class of 2000

Gerald Adams John Baker Donald Basham Col. Randle Bunner, USAF (Ret.) Col. Patrick Burns, USAF Lt. Col. Gary Burroughs, USA (Ret.) Brig. Gen. J. Richard Capka, USA Luthella Clinton John Copeland Col. Joseph Cuccaro, USA (Ret.) David Diestelkamp Jerry Goff Dr. Rita Gregory Maj. Charles Higgins Jr., ARNG (Ret.) Col. James Hougnon, USA (Ret.) Herbert Johnson Adrienne Kelley Lt. Col. Robert Kitchell, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. James Koch, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Harold Leeman Jr., USA (Ret.) David Meadows Gail Portrey Bob Post Cdr. Hans Probst Jr., USNR Col. Timothy Sanford, USA (Ret.) Michael Scarano

147

Maj. Lawrence Schorr, USAR Donald Senovich Dominick Servedio G. David Steele Jon Strange Lt. Col. Thomas Sydelko, USA (Ret.) Ron Timmermans William Vogel Lt. Col. Richard Weitzenberg, USA (Ret.) Col. James Weller, USA (Ret.) William Wells Jr. Roger Yandell

Class of 2001

Capt. Geoffrey Abbott, USCG Donald Clement Col. Rick Coneway, USAF (Ret.) David Davidson 1st Lt. John Dierker, USAFR Maj. William Dunlop, USA (Ret.) Capt. Joseph Emison Jr., USN (Ret.) Capt. H. Roger Frauenfelder, USN (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Russell Fuhrman, USA (Ret.) Mikki Gaddis-Toimil Patricia Gaskins Peter Green Col. John Haddick, USA (Ret.) Col. Paul Hains III, USAF (Ret.) Col. Thomas Hayden III, USAF David Huelskamp Col. Randall Inouye, USA (Ret.) Charles Jackson Gary Loss Rear Adm. John Moriarty, USN (Ret.) Col. Robert Peters II, USAF (Ret.) Col. Eric Potts, USA (Ret.) Patricia Querubin Vikram Rajadhyaksha Capt. Andrew Ritchie, USN Michael Roll Col. Mark Vincent, USA (Ret.) Col. Jeffrey Wagonhurst, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. Robert Williams, USPHS David Winter

Class of 2002

Command Master Chief James Aitken, USNR (Ret.) Lt. Col. George Barksdale Jr., USAF (Ret.) Susan Boone

Dr. Marilyn Bracken Col. Randall Butler, USA Col. Timothy Byers, USAF Woodrow Chenault Jr. Edward Cohen Col. Jere Cook, USAF Col. Robert Crear, USA Capt. Stephen Duba Sr., USN Joan Freitag William Graham, J.D. Phil Hasselwander Gregory Johnson Lt. Col. Phillip Johnson, USA (Ret.) Col. Robert Kopp, USAF (Ret.) Rear Adm. Charles Kubic, USN Joe LaVoie Linda McKnight Lawrence Moloney Jerome Neyer William Pearson Harry Price Richard Prosser Lt. Col. John Rovero, USA Col. John Selstrom Jr., USAF Alan Shapiro Lt. Col. William Singleton, USAFR Lt. Col. Keith Smith, USAF Lt. Col. Louis Stout, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Christopher Toomey, USA Lt. Col. Bryan Vulcan, USA (Ret.) Col. Raymond Willcocks, ANG (Ret.) Col. Clinton Willer, USA (Ret.)

Class of 2003

Maj. Roy-Alan Agustin, USAF Lt. Col. Scott Collister, USA (Ret.) Col. Michael Cook, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. James Currey III, USAF (Ret.) Roch Ducey Capt. Gary Engle, USN James Hagan Lt. Col. William Herb, USAR (Ret.) Robert Houston Paul Kennedy Col. Richard Kochanek, USAF (Ret.) Jonathan Kolber Cheryl Lantz Jon Lindberg Capt. Diann Lynn, USN Capt. Paul Marshall, USNR (Ret.) James Mosner 1st Lt. Frank Nicoladis, USAR Rose O’Grady Lt. Col. Scott Prosuch, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Aloysius Reisz, ARNG (Ret.)

Col. Mark Roncoli, USA Robert Roumph Neal Scheel Capt. Leonard Scullion, USN (Ret.) George Stotler Drew Titone Lt. Col. David Verploegen, USA (Ret.) Christine Waterston

Class of 2004

Lt. Col. Robert Adamski, USA (Ret.) Michael Bagstad Capt. James Barrett, USN (Ret.) J. Michael Barry Lt. Col. Robert Besancon, USA (Ret.) Kenneth Besser Phillip Deakin Jack Dziubek Col. Clifford Fetter, USAF (Ret.) Capt. Michael Giorgione, USN Larry Greep Col. Homer Guy, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Mary Matthews Hains, USAF John Koerner Maj. Lorance Lisle, USAR Col. Larry McCallister, Ph.D., USA Nathaniel McClure Richard Mitchell Paul Parker Sergio Pecori Lt. Col. Joseph Porrovecchio, USA (Ret.) Richard Powers Stephen Premo Thomas Russell Maj. Robert Unger, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Neal Wright, USA (Ret.) Eugene Yerkes

Class of 2005

Col. Hal Alguire, USA (Ret.) Dwight Beranek Capt. Thomas Bersson, USN Dr. Linda Brown Cheryl Bly Chester Ricky Cunningham Maj. Joseph duMenil, USA (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Delwyn Eulberg, USAF Michael Fallon Col. Marvin Fisher, USAF Col. Ralph Graves, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Michael Hickey Catherine Knudsen Maj. William Kontess, USAF (Ret.) Toni Leon

Rear Adm. Michael Loose, USN Cynthia Lowe Nancy Manley Clive Mecham Daniel Miller Col. Joe Miller, USA (Ret.) Frank Monfeli Carol Mowder Randy Parker Col. John Reese, USA (Ret.) Martin Savoie Col. Gregory Seely, Ph.D., USAF Col. Dibrell Stowell, USAF (Ret.) Dr. Peter Supko Col. Richard Thompson, USA (Ret.) Murphy Tuomey Sheila Warren Col. Josuelito Worrell, USAF Michael Zambrana

Class of 2006

Dr. Gary Anderson Mary Anderson Paul Barber Capt. William Beary, USN Capt. William Boudra, USN (Ret.) E. Allan Dalpias Col. Alex Dornstauder, USA Cdr. Robert Frazier, USN (Ret.) Lynn Hill Craig Lance Capt. Kevin Lindsey, USN (Ret.) Dr. Christopher Mathewson Michael O’Hagan Lt. Col. Clayton Perry, USAF (Ret.) Kelly Rattan Angela Rolufs John Sager Col. Harry Spear, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Christopher Turletes, USA (Ret.) Col. Kurt Ubbelohde, USA (Ret.) Juan Uribe

Class of 2007

Richard Alexander James Bakken Col. William Bayles, USA (Ret.) James Bersson Lt. Col. John Brake, USA (Ret.) Col. Robert Davis, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Steven Ditmer, USAF (Ret.) Col. Richard Fryer Jr., USAF Col. Stephen Hill, USA Lt. Col. Gary Koenig, USA (Ret.)

Greg Kuhn Col. Louis Lancaster, USAF (Ret.) Francis Lombardi Capt. Jay Manik, USCG Col. Reid Mrsny, USAR Lt. Gen. Carl Strock, USA Brig. Gen. Merdith Temple, USA Giti Zarinkelk

Class of 2008

Tracy Allen Bryon Bednar Alain Bernier Lt. Col. John Blickensderfer, ANG Col. Stewart Bornhoft, USA (Ret.) Scotti Bozeman Col. Ronald Brown, USA (Ret.) Col. Frederick Clapp Jr., USA (Ret.) J.B. Cole Ernest Drott Ronald Everly Col. Steven Hoarn, USAF Lt. Col. James Hodges, USAF David Howe Craig Johnson John Jones Dennis Kamper Jeanne LeBron Lt. Col. Robert Morris Jr., USA (Ret.) Robert Nichol Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF Col. Leo Norton, USA (Ret.) James Parks George Rasmussen Col. Jon Roop, USAF Dr. Howard Saxion Larry Smith

Class of 2009

Col. Timothy Bridges, USAF (Ret.) Col. Donald Curtis Jr., USA (Ret.) Cdr. Kenneth Endress, USNR (Ret.) Maj. Robin Hagerty, USA (Ret.) Col. Stuart Harrison, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Samuel Hutchins IV, USAF (Ret.) Anita Larson Lt. Col. Joseph Martone, Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) Earnest Marion McCarty Jr. Michael Rogers Col. Robert Slockbower, USA (Ret.) Alan Watt Heather Wishart-Smith Dr. Vida Wright

148

Class of 2010

Lt. Col. Todd Barnes, USA (Ret.) David Bick Dean Cerny Richard Cicchetti Harold Cobb Col. Michael Conrad Jr., USA (Ret.) Col. William Corson, USAF (Ret.) Col. Leonardo Flor, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Mark Goltz, Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) (Ret.) Robert Halbert Col. Gary Johnston, USA James Jones Clay Kelly Thomas Kirkwood Lt. Col. Regan McDonald, USA (Ret.) Geoffrey McKenzie Erik Prestegaard James Quin Cdr. Harold Reddish, USN (Ret.) Col. John Rivenburgh, USA (Ret.) Rear Adm. W. Gregory Shear Jr., USN Douglas Sullivan Col. York Thorpe, USAF (Ret.) Glen Turney Bryan Zatica

Class of 2011

Cdr. Joseph Angell II, USN (Ret.) Curt Bagnall Capt. Richard Beseler, USCG (Ret.) Col. Scott Borges, USAF (Ret.) Col. John Cawthorne, USAF (Ret.) Judith Cooper Steve Crane Lt. Col. Ron Descheneaux, USAF (Ret.) Capt. Walter Dillinger, USN (Ret.) Col. Janice Dombi, USA Capt. Michael Donohoe, USCG (Ret.) Jennifer Fogg Kathleen Gardner Judith Hackett Richard Hergenroeder Col. Michael Hutchison, USAF Paul Klotz Timothy Kyper Lee Lennard Marilyn Lewis Angie McCullough

Chief Master Sgt. Kenneth Miller, USAF (Ret.) John Moossazadeh Col. Robert Moriarty, USAF Hattie Peterson Roxanne Pillar Capt. Ben Pina, USN Col. David Press, USA Col. John Schuman, USAF (Ret.) John Shaler Melissa Smith Steven Tayanipour Capt. Julius Washington, USN

Class of 2012

Christine Afdahl Col. Donald Archibald, USA (Ret.) Claire Barnett Capt. Stephen Bell, USN Capt. Michael Blount, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Christopher Boruch, USA (Ret.) Glen Cherry Thomas Clinton Richard Delaney Chief Master Sgt. Michael Doris, USAF (Ret.) Col. Emmett Du Bose Jr., USA (Ret.) Julie Fisher Col. David Funk, USAF Dean Geers Capt. William Grip, USN (Ret.) Earl Groves Jeffery Kindschuh Col. Peter Kloeber, USAF (Ret.) Col. Irvin Lee, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Philip LeGrand, USAF (Ret.) Cheryl Majka Louis Martinez Capt. Joanne McCaffrey, USCG (Ret.) Lt. Col. Jani McCreary, USAF (Ret.) Col. Steven Miles, USA (Ret.) David Neeley Michael Pavlides Thomas Poer Lt. Col. James Price III, USA (Ret.) Michael Rector Ted Reece Rear Adm. Sven Rodenbeck, Ph.D., USPHS Eric Stahl Maj. Paul Sutto, USAFR

SAME Leadership 1920-2020 Col. Richard Wheeler, USAF (Ret.) Sandra Zettersten

Class of 2013

Col. David Anderson, USA (Ret.) Philios Angelides Col. Mark Bednar, USAF Col. Tim Boone, USAF (Ret.) Col. Benjamin Butler, USA (Ret.) Col. Gary Chesley, USAF Philip Der Col. Nicholas Desport, USAF (Ret.) Deborah Duncan John Gerstenlauer Robert Ivarson Col. R. Scott Jarvis, USAF Col. Robert Keyser, USA (Ret.) Col. Philip Loftis, USAR (Ret.) Command Sergeant Maj. William McDaniel Jr., USA (Ret.) Capt. Nelson Mix, USPHS Rear Adm. Douglas Morton, USN Rear Adm. Christopher Mossey, USN (Ret.) Margie Namba Lt. Col. John Osborn, USA (Ret.) Col. David Reynolds, USAF Col. Steven Rose, USAFR Richard Rubin Capt. David Sasek, USN Brig. Gen. Joseph Schroedel, USA (Ret.) Col. Richard Stonestreet, USAF (Ret.) Denise Tegtmeyer Col. Jeffrey Todd, USAF Lawrence Toimil Col. Aniello Tortora, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Eric Warner, USAF Col. Dennis Yates, USAF (Ret.) Col. Don Young, USA (Ret.)

Class of 2014

Brian Balukonis Cdr. Emmanuel Bautista, USN (Ret.) Jury Brown III Col. Andra Clapsaddle, USAF David Cook William Dalke Amy D’Alonzo-Basehoar Mary Erwin Lt. Col. Thomas Fallin, USA (Ret.) Capt. David Guebert, USNR (Ret.) Rear Adm. James Heinz, USCG Steven Houser

1st Sgt. Dominic Kempson, USAR (Ret.) Col. Thomas Koning, USA (Ret.) Sharon Krock Lt. Col. Steven Loken, USAF (Ret.) Col. Paula Loomis, USAFR (Ret.) Cdr. Terry McCann, USNR (Ret.) Col. Patrice Melançon, USAFR Matt Metcalf John Nocera Norman O’Brien Alan Quesnel John Remus II Sally Riker Col. Joseph Schwarz, USAF (Ret.) Michael Thompson Janette Tudor Lt. Col. Stephen Tupper, USA (Ret.) Peter van Noort W. Frank Ward Darrin Willer Capt. James Wink, USN (Ret.) Dr. Robert Yelin

James Davis Jeffrey Davis Robert Harris Jr. Col. Thomas Heinhold, USA (Ret.) Ramon Herrera Cdr. John Holbrook, USCGR (Ret.) Col. Russell Hula, USAF Keith Lashway Mark Loes Col. Joe Manous Jr., Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Charles Markham, USA (Ret.) Benjamin Matthews Col. Peter Mueller, USA (Ret.) Dr. Gita Murthy Gwenette Parker Col. Robert Ruch, USA Capt. Robert Schlesinger, USN (Ret.) Tiffany Seibt Marci Snyder Kirk Ticknor Col. Bryan Truesdell, USA Lt. Col. Robert Yauger, USAR (Ret.) Andrew Young

Class of 2015

Class of 2017

Grant Bartee Richard Beirne IV Steven Blinderman Eric Canales Lt. Col. Michael Coats, USAF (Ret.) Dr. Geoffrey Compeau Cdr. Wayne Cornell, USA (Ret.) James DeGour III Henry Allen Dulaney Ann Ewy Col. Robert Fant, USAF (Ret.) William Hedstrom Debra Heims Col. Michael Herman, USA Rear Adm. Thomas Jones, USCG Col. John Lohr, USAF (Ret.) Capt. Cameron Manning, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Patrick Miller, USAF Lt. Col. Michael Moran, ANG (Ret.) Lt. Col. Bryan Muller, USAF (Ret.) Christopher Prinslow Kenneth Stegall Robert Van Vonderen Matthew Wallace Joseph Wanielista Col. Ronald Welch, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. David Yang, USAF (Ret.)

Class of 2016

Capt. George Bonner, USCG

Lt. Col. Matthew Altman, USAF Capt. Robert Bevins, USCG M. Joel Burke James Carter Andrew Cueto Lt. Col. Michael Darrow, USA (Ret.) Dr. Wendi Goldsmith Rear Adm. Mark Handley, USN (Ret.) Col. Charlie Hart, USA (Ret.) Capt. John Hickey, USCG (Ret.) Steven Holt Sr. Lt. Col. Gary Krupa, ANG (Ret.) Cynthia Lincicome David Packard Cdr. Philip Spalding, USN (Ret.) JJ Tang Nadja Turek Kenneth Woodard

Class of 2018

Capt. Edward Brown, USN (Ret.) Cdr. Craig Clutts, USN Dr. Ruben Cruz Rear Adm. Randall Gardner, USPHS Siokey Gastelum-Galvez Jackie Hacker Col. Donald Hall, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Scott Hartung Col. John Henderson, USA (Ret.) Col. Anthony Hofmann, USA (Ret.)

149

Col. C. Patrick Hogeboom IV, USA Michael Howe Col. Jennifer Kilbourn, USAF Col. Miroslav Kurka, USA (Ret.) Mike Mason Susan Merrigan Col. Shawn Moore, USAF Angela Nocera Cdr. Allen Osborne, USN (Ret.) Russell Patterson Lt. Col. William Sabata, USA (Ret.) Richard Stump Kevin Vogelsang Col. Scott Warner, USAF Jeffrey Williamson

Class of 2019

Carol Bell Laureen Borochaner Col. David Brewer, USAF (Ret.) Allison Cantu Sarah Cole Capt. Eileen D’Andrea, USN Cdr. Eric Denfeld, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. John Enyeart, USAF (Ret.) Bonnie Hopke Col. Richard Houghton, USAF (Ret.) Jeffrey Leonard Lt. Col. Kevin Lovell, USA (Ret.) Allan Lucht Lt. Cdr. Cindy Miller, USN (Ret.) Susan Thames Christine Tsai Cdr. Todd Wimmer, USCG

Class of 2020

Mark Angelo Col. Charles Boaz Jr., USA (Ret.) Col. Jim Brackett, USAF (Ret.) Lt. Col. Jose Buitrago Jr., USA (Ret.) Karen Buniak Todd Cartwright Col. Jeffrey Eckstein, USA (Ret.) Capt. Noel Enriquez, USN (Ret.) Brian Files Angie Goral Timothy Gould Col. William Haight III, USA (Ret.) Beth Harris Col. Anthony Higdon, USAF Col. Stacey Hirata, USA (Ret.)

Maureen Warren Christian Knutson Rear Adm. John Korka, USN Douglas McCutchen Maj. Edward Mears, USAR (Ret.) Elizabeth Meyer Dr. J. Michael Nash Dave Newkirk The Honorable Lucian Niemeyer Elizabeth Parent Col. Charles Perham, USAF (Ret.) David Perkins Heather Polinsky Phil Rosenberg Maj. Kristina Selstrom, USAF (Ret.) Daniel Soto Kathryn Stewart Steve Thomas Phil Welker Carrie Ann Williams

Class of 2021

Norm Campbell Col. Edward Chamberlayne, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Agapito Diaz Joe DiMisa Mercedes Enrique Michael Fitzgerald David Friz William Glismann Anthony Goodgion Col. Robert Grainger, USAF Cdr. Troy Hamilton, USN (Ret.) Theodore Hecht Steven Herrera Col. James Hickman, USAF (Ret.) Col. John Hudson, USA Mike Huffstetler Charysse Knotts Maj. Seth Lorimer, USAF Lt. Col. Ed Manning Jr., USAF (Ret.) NK Mbaya Capt. Mike Monreal, USN (Ret.) Joe Puzio Col. Blair Schantz, USA (Ret.) Robert Scrafford Matthew Turner Loretta Turner Lt. Col. Randy Westfall, USA (Ret.) Melvin Williams For more historical information, visit www.same.org/fellows.

SAME Awards: 1920-2020 SAME National Awards Bliss Medal

For excellence in education and student mentoring. 2020 Dr. John Walewski 2019 Maj. Erick Martinez, USA 2018 Lt. Col. Benjamin Wallen, USA 2017 Col. Ronald Welch, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) 2016 Capt. Marlyse Williams, Ph.D., USAF 2015 Dr. Eric Williamson 2015 Capt. Timothy Pach, USAF 2014 Capt. Stephen Klenke, USAF 2013 Capt. Monica Pickenpaugh, USAF 2012 Lt. Col. Kenneth McDonald, USA 2011 Capt. Adam Strecker, USAF 2010 Dr. Christopher Brown 2009 Dr. Kevin Truman 2008 Capt. Andrew Hoisington, USAF 2007 Lt. Col. Mark Goltz, USAF 2006 Maj. Hugh Cronin, USA 2005 Capt. Richard Martin Jr., USAF 2004 Col. Gregory Seely, Ph.D., USAF 2003 Lt. Col. Brian Baker, USA 2002 Lt. David Palazzetti, USA 2001 Col. Stephen Ressler, USA 2000 Dr. Clifford Schexnayder 1999 Dr. Rita Gregory 1998 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, U.S. Air Force Academy 1997 Dr. Ronald Humble 1996 Dr. Sarah Mouring This appendix includes national awards and medals currently being presented as part of the Society’s annual program. SAME has presented other awards and medals throughout its history. All winning names and units are listed based on best available information and research. Names/ranks are at time of award. We apologize for any errors and omissions.

1995 Dr. Freddie Frazier 1994 Lt. Col. Robert Kwiatkowski, USAF 1993 Lt. Alan Lytle, USN 1992 Col. David Swint, USAF 1991 Brig. Gen. Gerald Galloway Jr., USA 1990 Dr. David Kauffman 1989 Prof. Jose Femenia 1988 Prof. Robert A. Gardner 1987 Charles Coder 1986 Virginia Polytechnic University 1985 Dr. Wilbur Meier Jr. 1984 Dr. J. David Irwin 1983 Dr. Arthur Akers 1982 Col. James Strong, USA (Ret.) 1981 Dr. William Kimel 1980 Dr. John Haltiwanger 1979 Dr. John Knapp 1978 Dr. Robert Cook Edwards 1977 Dr. Adrian Chamberlain 1976 Dr. B. R. Teare 1975 Dean Arthur Burr 1974 Dr. Howard Smith 1973 Prof. Fred Benson 1972 Dr. Lionel Baldwin 1971 Dean Fred Peebles 1970 Dean Lauress Wise 1969 Dr. Charles Hadley Weaver 1968 Dr. Truman Kuhn 1967 Dr. William Walsh Hagerty 1966 Dean William Allan 1965 Dr. Fay Partlo 1964 Dr. Morrough O’Brien 1963 Maj. Gen. Ernest Harmon, USA (Ret.) 1962 Dr. Edwin Harrison 1961 Dr. Curtis Laws Wilson 1960 Rear Adm. Lewis Combs, USN (Ret.) 1959 Dean Kurt Wendt 1958 Dr. Eric. Walker

Gibson Veteran Transition Medal

For superior efforts in assisting uniformed personnel transition to the private sector. 2020 Col. Anthony Hofmann, USA (Ret.) 2019 Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.)

Goethals Medal

For preeminence in engineering, design, or construction. 2020 Brig. Gen. Patrice Melancon, USAFR (Ret.) 2019 Renetta Pearson 2018 Melanie Kito 2017 Maj. Christopher Cagle, USAF 2016 Christine Garrett 2015 Cdr. Roland De Guzman, CEC, USN 2014 Joanie Campbell 2013 Cdr. Matthew Beck, USCG 2012 Capt. Martin Smith, USN (Ret.) 2011 Col. David Anderson, USA 2010 Lt. Col. Monte Harner, USAF 2009 Lt. Col. Brian Files, USAF (Ret.) 2008 Dr. Ruben Cruz 2007 Col. Bob Slockbower, USA (Ret.) 2006 Dominick Servedio 2005 Capt. Tracey Spielmann, USAF 2004 Ralph Kaneshiro 2003 Dennis Firman 2002 Dr. Arthur Wu 2001 Robert Moore 2000 Robert Taylor 1999 James Tancreto 1998 Douglas Burke 1997 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) 1996 John Gribar 1995 Richard Carlson 1994 Eugene Fasullo 1993 Ralph Snowberger 1992 Dr. Robert Wolff 1991 William Keenan 1990 Karl Rocker Jr. 1989 Award Not Presented 1988 Gary Gasperino 1987 Dr. Ralph Portier 1986 William Stevens 1985 Edward Cohen 1984 Dr. Alexander Tarics 1983 George Zeiler 1982 Euclid Moore 1981 Michael Kolessar 1980 Robert Taylor 1979 E. Montford Fucik 1978 Arthur Casagrande 1977 Garland Watts 1976 Henry Holiday 1975 James Polk Stafford Jr.

150

1974 Col. John Catlin Jr., USAF 1973 Robert Hayes 1972 Dr. Michael Yachnis 1971 Robert Hudson 1970 Dr. Arsham Amirikian 1969 Wendell Ralphe 1968 Col. Jerome Ackerman, USAR 1967 Capt. Albert Rhoades Marschall, CEC, USN 1966 Rear Adm. Robert Wooding, CEC, USN 1965 Edwin Abbott 1964 John Davis 1963 Ralph Tudor 1962 Lt. Col. E. Robert de Luccia, USA (Ret.) 1961 Brig. Gen. Thomas Hayes III, USA 1960 Lt. Gen. Samuel Sturgis Jr., USA (Ret.) 1959 John Sibert Jr. 1958 Col. Walker Cisler, USA (Ret.) 1957 Lt. Gen. Raymond Wheeler, USA (Ret.) 1956 Dr. David Steinman

Paul R. Smith NCO Medal

Industry-Government Engagement Award

Post Service Medal

For excellence and leadership in supporting the Society’s IndustryGovernment Engagement Plan 2020 Rear Adm. John Korka, CEC, USN Bonnie Hopke Denver Metro Post 2019 Philios Angelides Lt. Gen. Todd Semonite, USA 2018 Col. Miroslav Kurka, USA (Ret.) Philadelphia Post 2017 Capt. Mike Blount, USN (Ret.) Col. Bill Haight, USA (Ret.) Neeld Wilson Guam Post

SAME at the Post level. 2020 John Nocera 2019 Christine Afdahl 2018 Arthur Arao; Beth Harris; Dr. J. Michael Nash 2017 Candis Hamilton 2016 Eric Canales 2015 Bonnie Hopke-Flinn 2014 Ramon Herrera 2013 Dr. William Kilpatrick 2012 Lt. Col. Clayton Perry, USAF (Ret.) 2011 Cindy Lincicome 2010 Loretta Turner 2009 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) 2008 Michael Pavlides

Membership Champion Award

STEM Champion Award

For superior efforts in recruiting new members into the Society at the Post level. 2020 Joe DiMisa 2019 Elizabeth May

For outstanding leadership and contributions to military engineering. 2020 Tech. Sgt. Eric Tucker, USAF 2019 Master Sgt. William Mello, USAF 2018 Tech. Sgt. Edward Ossome, USAF 2017 Staff Sgt. James Adams, USAF 2016 USAF 2015 Master Sgt. Adam Boubede, USAF 2014 Senior Master Sgt. Rigoberto Chacon, USAF 2013 Award not presented 2012 Senior Master Sgt. Frank Lakotich, USAF 2011 Master Sgt. Kyle Mason, USAF 2010 Master Sgt. Edward Quinn, USAF 2009 Chief Master Sgt. Ronald Kruse, USAF 2008 Senior Master Sgt. Gerald Schenck Jr., USAF 2007 Chief Master Sgt. Michael Drumming, USAF 2006 Command Sgt. Maj. William McDaniel Jr., USA

For excellence and leadership in supporting STEM. 2020 Victoria Hernandez 2019 Traci Dewar 2018 Nicole Gunyon 2017 Dr. William Kilpatrick

Student Leadership Medal

For outstanding leadership in support of student professional development and mentoring. 2020 Staff Sgt. Joseph Kessler, USA (Ret.) 2019 Cadet Adrian Barraza 2018 Lindsay Barnum 2017 Kevin Maddox 2016 Rebecca Hamlin 2015 Staff Sgt. Nickolas Patch, USMCR Cadet Lucas Guthrie 2014 Cadet First Class Peter Amaddio 2013 Cadet First Class Eric Timpe 2012 Cadet Matthew Koestner 2011 Jacqueline Parks 2010 Cadet Zachary Ellis 2009 Eric Pratsch 2008 Cadet First Class Thomas Synovec 2007 Cadet First Class Benjamin Knott 2006 Midshipman First Class Talbot Hansum 2005 Cadet William Rock 2004 Sarah Nieves 2003 John Cardenas

Sverdrup Medal

For engineering leadership by a uniformed Young Professional. 2020 Award Not Presented 2019 Capt. Nathan Jones, USAF 2018 Senior Master Sgt. Adam Boubede, USAF 2017 Maj. Steven Schuldt, USAF 2016 Lt. Col. Kevin Mares, USAF 2015 Capt. Katherine Schultz, USAF 2014 Lt. Marcus Cline, CEC, USN 2013 Lt. Jeremy Potts, CEC, USN 2012 Capt. Luke Donovan, USAF 2011 Capt. Matthew Altman, USAF 2010 Capt. Josh Aldred, USAF 2009 Maj. Gregory Morissette, USAF 2008 Capt. Ryan Walinski, USAF 2007 Lisa Mabbutt, USAF 2006 Capt. Kristina Selstrom, USAF 2005 Maj. Jarrett Purdue, USAF 2004 Capt. Aaron Duggan, USAF 2003 Lt. Cdr. Mark Edelson, CEC, USN 2002 Lt. Miguel Dieguez, USN 2001 Maj. Roy-Alan Agustin, USAF 2000 Lt. Cdr. Pete Campbell, CEC, USN 1999 Maj. Scott Allen, USAF 1998 Maj. Lucian Niemeyer, USAF 1997 Capt. Joseph Marcinkevich, USAF

1996 Capt. David DeMartino, USAF 1995 Lt. Darren Morton, USN 1994 Lt. William Sheedy, USN 1993 Lt. Robert Fahey, USN 1992 Capt. John. McElree, USA 1991 Lt. Cdr. Vincent Racanelli 1990 Lt. John Bergstrom 1989 Lt. Cdr. Darrell Van Hutten, USN 1988 Lt. Cdr. Timothy Biggins, USN 1987 Capt. Michael Kaleda, USA 1986 Lt. Michael Kiehnau 1985 Maj. Michael Schmidt 1984 Maj. Patrick Coullahan, USAF 1983 Maj. Peter Topp, USA 1982 Lt. Cdr. Charles Wurster, USCG 1981 Capt. M. Stephen Rhoades, USA 1980 Lt. Col. Eugene Lupia, USAF

Tudor Medal

For engineering leadership by a civilian Young Professional. 2020 Lindsey Roberts McKenzie 2019 Zakary Payne 2018 Joshua Graham 2017 Rebecca Knolle 2016 Justin McDonald 2015 Christian DeLaRosa 2014 Pamela Little 2013 Blaine Linkous 2012 Emily Schiffmaher 2011 John Puvogel 2010 Jill Jackson 2009 Amy Doye 2007 Adam Leigland 2006 Heather Wishart Shriner 2005 Paul Eickenberg 2004 Brian Crowder 2003 Troy Morgan 2002 Award Not Presented 2001 Adam Wallach 2000 Theresa Hoffard 1999 Carol Mowder 1998 Jay Brady 1997 Richard Femrite 1996 Bartley Durst 1995 Mary Kathleen Spence 1994 Keith Benker 1993 Henry McDevitt 1992 Pamela Kinnebrew 1991 John Kliethermes Jr. 1990 Scott Bearden 1989 Deborah Foley 1988 Denny Lundberg 1987 Dr. Carlos Coe 1986 Alan Murphy 1985 Rod Markuten 1984 Dennis Duke

1983 Thomas Eidson 1982 Russel Milnes 1981 Jean-Yves Perez 1980 Ashraf Wahba 1979 Ernest Schrader 1978 Richard Lovejoy 1977 Dr. J. Michael Nash 1976 James Van Orman 1975 Gary Vest 1974 Dr. Carter Ward 1973 John Rushing 1972 Alton Bradford 1971 Michael Boyd 1970 Stanley Yasumoto 1969 Phillip Lammi 1968 Robert Bradley 1967 William Noel McCormick Jr. 1966 Sherman Bollinger

Urbahn Medal

For preeminence in architecture. 2020 Lt. Col. H.W. Hugh Darville, USA 2019 Capt. Daniel Cook, USN 2018 David Packard 2017 Dr. James Pocock 2016 Edmond Gauvreau 2015 Capt. Robert Harris, USN (Ret.) 2014 Harley Hightower 2013 Capt. Charles Enos, USN (Ret.) 2012 Phillip Tobey 2011 Col. Paula Loomis, USAFR (Ret.) 2010 JJ Tang 2009 Christopher Ions 2008 Richard Corner 2007 Steve Bettis 2006 Terry Deglandon 2005 Brig. Gen. Lawrence Enyart, USAF (Ret.) 2004 Leo Daly III 2003 Barbara Price 2002 David Thompson 2001 Dr. Gary Anderson 2000 Gary Lynn 1999 John Van Buren 1998 Terrel Emmons 1997 M. Paul Brott 1996 Harold Adams

Walter O. Bachus Gold Medal

For SAME lifetime achievement. 2020 Col. Joe Manous Jr., Ph.D., USA (Ret.) 2019 Col. John Mogge Jr., Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) 2018 Col. Peter Mueller, USA (Ret.) 2017 Col. Ronald Torgerson, USAF (Ret.) James Hagan

151

2016 Capt. Bill Bersson, USN (Ret.) 2015 Dr. Robert Wolff 2014 Ronald Hilton 2013 Anthony Leketa, SES (Ret.) 2012 Col. Homer Guy, USAF (Ret.) 2011 Capt. Julian Sabbatini, USN (Ret.) 2010 Patrick Keough 2009 Col. Ronald Brown, USA (Ret.) 2008 Mary Anderson 2007 Lt. Col. Merrill Watt II, USA (Ret.) 2006 Capt. James Donahue, USCG (Ret.) 2005 Roger Wozny 2004 Brig. Gen. Ralph Locurcio, USA (Ret.) 2003 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) 2002 Rose Dela Vega 2001 Maj. Gen. Clifton Wright, USAF (Ret.) 2000 Col. Edward Gibson, USA (Ret.) 1999 Vice Adm. A. Bruce Beran, USCG (Ret.) 1998 Michael Haratunian 1997 Lt. Col. Kenneth Haveman, USA (Ret.) 1996 Thomas Delaney Jr. 1995 Brig. Gen. Gerald Brown, USA (Ret.) 1994 Robert Sylar 1994 Suzanne DiGeronimo 1993 Brig. Gen. Forrest Gay III, USA (Ret.) 1992 Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.) 1991 Col. James Scott, USAF 1990 Col. Phillip Stowell, USAF 1989 Maj. Gen. George Ellis, USAF (Ret.) 1988 Col. Marshall Sauls, USA (Ret.) 1987 Brig. Gen. Richard Connell, USA (Ret.) 1986 Brig. Gen. W. Thomas Meredith, USAF (Ret.) 1985 Col. Donald Hazen, USA 1984 Maj. Gen. Scott Smith, USA 1983 Col. T. Roger Peterson, USA (Ret.) 1982 Maj. Gen. Carroll Le Tellier, USA (Ret.) 1981 Maj. Gen. William Gilbert, USAF (Ret.) 1980 Rear Adm. Walter Enger, USN (Ret.) 1980 Maj. Gen. Henry Schrader, USA (Ret.) 1979 Rear Adm. Anthony Braccia, USNR (Ret.) 1979 Col. Joseph Markle, USAR (Ret.)

1978 Leonard Cavanaugh 1977 Brig. Gen. William Hall, USA (Ret.) 1976 John Ward Jr. 1975 Col. Francis Walter Jr., USA 1974 Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA 1973 Hanford Thayer 1973 Mary Katharine Lutz 1972 Robert Dabney 1971 Rear Adm. Anthony Braccia, USNR 1970 Col. Robert Greigg, USAF 1969 Col. Robert Schirmer, USA (Ret.) 1968 Col. Joseph Markle, USAR (Ret.) 1967 Maj. Gen. Robert Curtin, USAF (Ret.) 1966 Col. Paul Brown, USAF (Ret.) 1965 Vice Adm. H. Arnold Karo, USCGS 1964 Col. F. H. Kohloss, USA (Ret.) 1963 Vice Adm. W. Orme Hiltabidle, USN (Ret.) 1962 Maj. Gen. Augustus Minton, USAF 1961 Maj. Gen. Charles Holle, USA (Ret.) 1960 Maj. Gen. George Nold, USA (Ret.) 1959 Col. E. Goring Bliss, USA (Ret.) 1958 Maj. Lex O’Brient, USA Rear Adm. Leo Otis Colbert, USCGS (Ret.) 1957 Brig. Gen. John Schultz, USA (Ret.) 1956 Col. Harold Bisbort, USA 1955 Eugene McGovern 1954 Jacob Pugh 1953 Howard Henry Demmert 1952 Daniel Sullivan 1951 Maj. Gen. Carl Gray Jr., USA (Ret.) 1950 Brig. Gen. Dwight Johns, USA (Ret.) 1949 Maj. Gen. David McCoach, USA (Ret.) 1948 Col. J. Franklin Bell, USA (Ret.) 1947 Albert A. Stanley 1946 Capt. C. Ken Weidner, CEC, USN 1945 Col. J. M. Wright, USA (Ret.) 1944 Burton Bell 1943 Col. Edwin Kelton, USA 1942 Col. John Carruth, USA 1941 W. King Provan 1940 Hobart Fox 1939 Col. S. C. Godfrey, USA 1938 Maj. Victor Martin, USA 1937 Capt. Greer Duncan, CEC, USN 1936 Horace Thompson 1935 A. C. Harper

1934 Maj. Gen. Mason Patrick, USA (Ret.) 1933 Maj. J. H. Wheat, USA 1932 Lewis Armistead 1931 Col. E. M. Stayton, USA 1930 Col. J. N. Hodges, USA 1929 Maj. L. R. Lohr, USA 1928 Col. E. G. Jonah, USA 1927 Col. R.C. Moore, USA SAME’s highest award was not authorized until 1926, and in that year seven recipients were retroactively selected, each to represent the preceding years. 1920 to 1926 Percy Barbour Col. C.H. Birdseye, USA Col. Harrison Brand, USA Col. P.S. Bond, USA D. W. Dodge Charles Smith Col. G.A. Youngberg, USA

Young Professional Medal

For outstanding leadership and accomplishments in support of the SAME mission. 2020 Tiffany Castricone 2019 Allison Cantu 2018 Elizabeth Parent 2017 Matthew Turner Lt. Timothy Dahms, CEC, USN 2016 Maj. Aaron Zorn, USAF 2015 Amy Shirlberg 2014 Angela Nocera 2013 Capt. Robert Hufford II, USAF 2012 Maj. Ryan Walinski, USAF David Pratt 2011 Maj. Elizabeth Harwood, USAF Denise Tegtmeyer 2010 Capt. Matthew Altman, USAF Ann Ewy 2009 Aimee Alix 2008 Capt. Michelle Gill, USAF 2007 Maj. Patrick Miller, USAF 2006 Matthew Metcalf 2005 Capt. Paul Sutto, USAFR 2004 Lt. Eileen D’Andrea, USN

J.W. Morris Sustaining Member Award

For eminent contributions to SAME by a large business Sustaining Member. 2020 AECOM 2019 Black & Veatch 2018 HDR 2017 Jacobs

2016 CDM Smith 2015 Jacobs 2014 Award Not Presented 2013 CH2M Hill 2012 Atkins 2011 Weston Solutions 2010 Parsons 2009 HDR 2008 URS Corp. 2007 Jacobs Carter Burgess 2006 AMEC 2005 MWH Americas Inc. 2004 Michael Baker Corp. 2003 Large Business: Stanley Consultants Weston Solutions Small Business: Environmental Chemical Corporation 2002 Large Business: Arcadis Small Business: ABMB Engineers 2001 Large Business: Foster Wheeler Environmental Corp. Small Business: Engineering Consulting Services Ltd. 2000 Huitt-Zollars Inc. 1999 Arcadis Geraght & Miller Inc. 1998 Sverdrup Corp. 1997 Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall 1996 Rust International Inc. 1995 CH2M Hill 1994 STV Group 1993 Dames & Moore 1992 Sverdrup Corp. 1991 The Schemmer Assoc. Inc. 1990 Global Associates 1989 USKH Inc. 1988 Parsons Brinckerhoff 1987 3M 1986 Henningson, Durham & Richardson 1985 Black & Veatch 1984 Holmes and Narver 1983 The American Dredging Co. 1982 Walk, Haydel & Assoc. Inc. 1981 Dalton, Dalton, Newport

Robert B. Flowers Small Business Award

For eminent contributions to SAME by a small business Sustaining Member. 2020 O’Brien Engineering Inc. 2019 Betance Enterprises Inc. 2018 CEMS EngineeringArchitecture 2017 Cabrera Services

2016 Crawford Consulting Services 2015 MacDonald-Bedford 2014 Moser Rose Attorneys 2013 JM Waller 2012 ARGO Systems LLC 2011 H&S Environmental 2010 RORE Inc. 2009 S&A Environmental 2008 Custom Mechanical Systems Corp. 2007 LJB Inc. 2006 CAPE Inc. 2005 ETI Professionals Inc. 2004 EA Engineering, Science and Technology Inc. 2003 Environmental Chemical Corp. 2002 ABMB Engineers Inc. 2001 Engineering Consulting Services Ltd.

Sustaining Member Award

For eminent contributions to SAME by a medium-sized Sustaining Member. 2020 Dewberry 2019 LEO A DALY 2018 Woolpert 2017 Pond & Company 2016 RS&H 2015 RS&H 2014 RS&H 2013 Dewberry 2012 Kleinfelder 2011 J.M. Waller Associates Inc. 2010 Stanley Consultants 2009 Woolpert

President’s Medal

For outstanding SAME leadership and accomplishment during the 2020 Col. Matthew Altman, USAF Ann McLeod Dave Newkirk 2019 Ann Ewy Cindy Lincicome Stephen Karl 2018 Lt. Col. Michael Darrow, USA (Ret.) Sharon Krock Col. John Mogge, Ph.D, USAF (Ret.) Richard Stump 2017 Col. Marvin Fisher, USAF (Ret.) Kathy Off Caroline Roberts Natasha Rocheleau 2016 Henry Dulaney

152

Cdr. Joseph Angell, USN (Ret.) Lt. Col. Scott Prosuch, USA (Ret.) Lt. Col. Jack Seibert, USA (Ret.) 2015 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.) Cindy Lincicome JJ Tang 2014 Capt. Mike Blount, USN (Ret.) Maj. Gen. Timothy Byers, USAF (Ret.) Col. Sal Nodjomian, USAF (Ret.) 2013 Henry Dulaney Col. Joe Manous Jr., Ph.D., USA (Ret.) Dr. Vida Wright 2012 Jennifer Fogg Capt. Jay Manik, USCG (Ret.) Lt. Col. Neal Wright, USA (Ret.) 2011 Julie Fisher Erin Ingersoll Chris Williams 2010 Benjamin Matthews Richard Kochanek Ronald Hilton 2009 Peggy Craig Catherine Knudsen Mike Scarano 2008 Leveda Parton Julie Daniel Chief Master Sgt. Kenneth Miller, USAF (Ret.) 2007 Jane Penny Gene Hubbard, SES Lt. Col. John Mullans, USA (Ret.) 2006 Donna Winkauf Lt. Col. Michael Duffy, USA Harold Rosen 2005 Rear Adm. Gary Engle, CEC, USN William Brown Sr. Col. Jimmy Baggett, USA (Ret.) 2004 Lt. Col. Scott Prosuch, USA (Ret.) Michael Zambrana Col. Josuelito Worrell, USAF 2003 Col. John Selstrom Jr., USAF (Ret.) Suzanne Burke Col. Gordon Bratz, USA (Ret.) 2002 Joseph Bocchino Nicholia Kolesnikoff Jane Sherman 2001 Dwight Beranek Jerry Goff Maj. Gen. Pat Stevens IV, USA (Ret.) 2000 David Diestelkamp Stephen Reynolds Eileen Schulman 1999 Rear Adm. Donald Conner, CEC, USN (Ret.)

Maj. John Manley, USAFR 1998 Vice Adm. A. Bruce Beran, USCG (Ret.) Brig. Gen. Forrest Gay III, USA (Ret.) Col. Edward Rapp, USA (Ret.) 1997 Capt. Albert Gravallese, USNR (Ret.) Harry Rietman Maj. Gen. John Sobke, USA (Ret.) John Wood 1996 James Riskowski Robert Stevens 1995 Lt. Col. Kenneth Haveman, USA (Ret.) Thomas Reinarts 1994 Max Urbahn Roger Wozny 1993 Wade Cockburn Brig. Gen. Walter Bachus, USA (Ret.) 1992 Edwin Geesey Manning Seltzer Col. Ronald Torgerson, USAF (Ret.)

Toulmin Award

For most outstanding article written for The Military Engineer by an SAME member. 2020 Rear Adm. Dean VanderLey, CEC, USN John Douglass 2019 Jon Schmidt 2018 Steven Miles 2017 Rob McAtee 2016 Lt. Col. Kevin Lovell, USA (Ret.) 2015 Maj. Erica Tortella, USAF 2014 Maj. Tobin Flinn, USA 2013 Col. Douglas Wise, USAF (Ret.) 2012 Lt. Col. John Buse, USAFR Col. Joel Cross, USA 2011 Col. Jeffry Knippel, USAF 2010 Col. Michael Hutchison, USAF (Ret.) 2009 Maj. Frank Hughes, USAF 2008 Christopher Day 2007 Larry Walker Michael Roth 2006 Maj. Phillip Landeros, USAF Maj. Jared Ware, USA 2005 Keith Kowadio 2004 Col. Christopher Toomey, USA Capt. James Duke,USAF 2003 Marc Caspe Sgt. Robert Woodward, USA 2002 Linda Allen Col. Douglas Gransberg, USA (Ret.)

SAME Awards 1920-2020 Dr. Keith Molenaar Diana Pletz 2001 Larry Woscyna Lt. Scott Washburn, USCG 2000 Dana Finney Lt. David Palazzetti, USCG 1999 John Peters Lt. John Slaughter, USCG 1998 Lt. Cdr. John Korka, CEC Maj. Daniel Worth, USA 1997 Capt. Mark Gillem, USAR Maj. Donald Archibald, USA Stephen Hughes 1996 Maj. Peter Tabacchi, USA Dr. Paul Mlaker Col. Bruce Howard, USA Paul Redding 1995 Dr. Mark Zappi Capt. Michael Bowen, ARNG 1994 Capt. Palmer Roberts, USN (Ret.) Jennifer Metts 1993 Brig. Gen. Ralph Locurcio, USA Col. Frank Finch, USA Maj. Deborah Nykyforchyn, USA Mary Hughes 1992 Gordon Crighton Capt. John Buse, USAF 1991 Dr. Benjamin Remondi 1st Lt. C. Ernest Edgar IV, USA 1990 1st Lt. Mark Austin, USA Rear Adm. (Sel) G. Brian Estes, USN 1989 Dr. Jacques Gansler Lauren Kaslow 1988 Graham Turbiville Capt. Michael Kaleda, USA 1987 Dr. Alexander Tarics 1986 Dr. Paul Torgersen 1985 George Korte Jr. 1984 Lt. Col. Andrew Perkins Jr., USA 1983 Dr. Jacques Gansler 1982 Thomas Spencer 1981 Dr. Hungdah Chiu 1980 James Stanley 1979 Dr. Leland Johnson 1978 Richard P. Howell 1977 Harry Bovay 1976 Dr. Leland Johnson 1975 Brig. Gen. William Whipple Jr., USA (Ret.) 1974 Brig. Gen. George Lincoln, USA (Ret.) 1973 Dr. Leland Johnson 1972 Maj. Gen. Richard Groves, USA 1971 Maj. William Willard Jr., USA 1970 Lt. Cdr. Robert Smart, CEC, USN 1969 Walter Tudor

1968 Lt. Col. Maurice Kurtz Jr., USA 1967 Brig. Gen. Harry Woodbury Jr., USA 1966 2nd Lt. James Thomas, USA 1965 Kenneth Stunkel 1964 Alfred Golze 1963 Col. Richard Clutterbuck, British Army 1962 Brig. Gen. William Woodward, USA (Ret.) 1961 Capt. Charles Merdinger, CEC, USN 1960 Lt. Cdr. J.C. LeDoux, CEC, USN 1959 Capt. Fred Kravath, CEC, USN 1958 Lt. Gen. Raymond Wheeler, USA (Ret.) 1957 Cdr. Charles Merdinger, CEC, USN 1956 Prof. Frank Barnett 1955 Lt. Gen. Leslie Groves, USA (Ret.) 1954 Brig. Gen. John Hardin, USA 1953 Cdr. Palmer Roberts, CEC, USN 1952 Cdr. Charles Merdinger, CEC, USN 1951 Lt. Col. Robert Ellis, USA 1950 Lt. Col. David Parker, USA 1949 Lt. Col. Stanley Dziuban, USA 1948 Dr. Roger Shaw 1947 Brig. Gen. Samuel Sturgis Jr., USA 1946 Maj. Philip G. Krueger, USA 1945 Maj. Gen. Cecil Moore, USA 1944 Lt. Col. Walter Carey, USA 1943 Maj. Gen. Julian Schley, USA (Ret.) 1942 Lt. Col. Shelby McMillion, USA 1941 Lt. Col. Paul Thompson, USA 1940 1st Lt. Alfred Starbird, USA 1939 Col. R.T. Ward, USA 1938 Maj. G.A. Roush, USA 1937 Maj. Elbridge Colby, USA 1936 Maj. B.T. Reynolds, RA (Ret.) 1935 Verne Sanders 1934 Col. W.G. Caples, USA 1933 Col. Thomas H. Jackson, USA 1932 Col. E.G. Paules, USA (Ret.)

STEM Excellence Post Award

For excellence and execution in supporting STEM. 2020 Atlanta Post 2019 Small: Oxnard-Ventura Post Medium: Emerald Coast Post Large: San Antonio Post 2018 Medium: Minneapolis-Saint Paul Post Large: Kittyhawk Post 2017 Small: Tularosa Basin Post Medium: Orange County Post Large: San Antonio Post

Academy of Fellows Awards Golden Eagle Award

For contributions to the engineering profession. 2020 Lt. Gen. Robert Flowers, USA (Ret.) 2019 Linda McKnight 2018 Col. Edward Gibson, USA (Ret.) 2017 Harold Rosen 2016 Lt. Gen. Robert Van Antwerp, USA (Ret.) 2015 Suzanne DiGeronimo 2014 The Honorable James Rispoli 2013 Col. James Lammie, USA (Ret.) 2012 Brig. Gen. Ralph Locurcio, USA (Ret.) 2011 Rear Adm. Benjamin Montoya, USN (Ret.) 2010 William Brown Sr. 2009 (Ret.) 2008 Maj. Gen. Joseph Ahearn, USAF (Ret.) 2007 2006 Maj. Gen. Charles Williams, USA (Ret.) 2005 Rear Adm. David Nash, USN (Ret.) 2004 Brig. Gen Gerald Galloway Jr., Ph.D., USA (Ret.) 2003 Lt. Gen. Henry Hatch, USA (Ret.) 2003 Dr. Charles Thornton 2002 Brig. Gen. Forrest Gay III, USA (Ret.) 2001 Frank Walk 2000 Michael Haratunian 1999 E. Manning Seltzer 1998 Lt. Gen. John Morris, USA (Ret.) 1997 1996 Maj. Gen. Clifton Wright Jr., USAF (Ret.)

Golden Eagle Award

For contributions to national security. 2020 Joseph Galloway 2019 Ambassador Douglas Lute 2018 Gen. Craig McKinley, USAF (Ret.) 2017 Gen. J.H. Binford Peay III, USA (Ret.) 2016 Adm. Vern Clark, USN (Ret.) 2015 Gen. Gordon Sullivan, USA (Ret.) 2014 Lt. Gen. Theodore Stroup Jr., USA (Ret.) 2013 Lt. Gen. Daniel Christman, USA (Ret.) 2012 Gen. David Petraeus, Ph.D., USA (Ret.) 2011 Adm. Thad Allen, USCG (Ret.)

153

2010 The Honorable Eric Shinseki 2009 Lt. Gen. Julius Becton, USA (Ret.) 2008 Vice Adm. Richard Carmona, MD, USPHS (Ret.) 2007 Gen. Barry McCaffrey, USA (Ret.) 2006 Adm. James Loy, USCG (Ret.) 2005 Gen. Andrew Goodpaster, USA (Ret.) 2004 Gen. Henry Hugh Shelton, USA (Ret.) 2002 Stephen Ambrose 2001 The Honorable David Hobson 2000 Gen. Ronald Fogleman, USAF 1999 Senator Robert Dole 1998 The Honorable W.G. Hefner 1997 The Honorable Richard Cheney 1996 Norman Augustine

Gerald C. Brown Mentoring Award

For outstanding mentoring efforts. 2020 Lt. Col. Randall Parker, USAFR (Ret.) Richard Rubin 2019 Col. John Mogge, Ph.D., USAF (Ret.) 2018 Heather Wishart-Smith 2017 Col. Robert Keyser, USA (Ret.) 2016 Philios Angelides 2015 Col. Louis Lancaster, USAF (Ret.) 2014 Col. Kurt Ubbelohde, USA (Ret.) 2013 Capt. James Donahue, USCG (Ret.) 2012 Gerald Adams 2011 Linda McKnight Lt. Col. Scott Prosuch, USA (Ret.) 2010 Lt. Col. Mary Matthews Hains, USAF (Ret.) 2009 Capt. D. Karin Lynn, USN (Ret.) 2008 Col. Richard Kochanek, USAF (Ret.) 2007 Matthew Harvey 2006 Maj. Gen. Joseph Ahearn, USAF (Ret.) 2005 Lt. Col. Wendell Barnes, USA (Ret.)

Uniformed Service Awards U.S. Army Wheeler Medal

For outstanding contributions to military engineering. 2018-2020: Award Not Presented 2017 Laureen Borochaner 2016 Andrea Rodriguez

2015 Denis duBreuil 2014 Lt. Col. Michael Darrow, USA (Ret.) 2013 Rumanda Young 2012 Kurt Kinnevan 2011 Col. Patrick Coullahan, USAF (Ret.) 2010 Curtis Heckelman 2009 Col. Alvin Lee, USA 2008 Brian Giacomozzi 2007 James Thomasson 2006 William Sorrentino Jr. 2005 Walter Baumy Jr. 2004 Col. Thomas Koning, USA 2003 Brig. Gen. Steven Hawkins, USA 2002 Dr. Larry Lynch 2001 Curt Betts 2000 Dr. Lewis Link Jr. 1999 Dr. Raymond Rollings 1998 Dr. David Homer 1997 Dr. Albert Bush III 1996 Peggy Grubbs 1995 Col. Donald Wynn, USA 1994 Richard Armstrong 1993 Michael Abeln 1992 Col. Terrence Salt, USA 1991 Brig. Gen. Ralph Locurcio, USA 1990 Col. Donald Hazen, USA 1989 Maj. Sam Bacharach, USA 1988 Anthony Leketa 1987 Donald Clement 1986 Col. John Coats, USA 1985 Col. Steven West, USA 1984 Maj. Stewart Bornhoft, USA 1983 John Blake 1982 Maj. Gen. John Wall Jr., USA 1981 Joe Higgs 1980 Maj. Wendell Barnes, USA 1979 Col. Cranston Rogers, USA 1978 Lt. Col. Richard Gates, USA 1977 Benjamin DeCooke 1976 William Flathau 1975 Capt. Anthony Nida, USA 1974 Lloyd Duscha 1973 Ronald Gelnett 1972 Col. John Lillibridg, USA 1971 Maj. Gen. Robert Young, USA 1970 Col. Robert Brugge, USA 1969 Lee Stanford Garrett 1968 Eugene Groden 1967 Col. Kenneth Sawyer, USA 1966 Maj. Gen. Robert Ploger, USA 1965 Capt. Paul Miles Jr., USA 1964 Lt. Col. Robert Malley, USA 1963 Joseph Koperski 1962 Col. Charles Noble, USA 1961 Col. Carter Page, USA 1960 Col. Carlin Whitesell, USA

1959 Col. Loren Olmstead, USA 1958 Donald Eppert 1957 Brig. Gen. William Cassidy, USA 1956 Jacque Minnotte 1955 Harry Lowe Jr.

Sturgis Medal

For outstanding contributions to troop construction and/or base maintenance. 2020 Guard: Staff Sgt. Shane Lipp, ARNG Active: Sgt. 1st Class Miguel Acuna, USA Reserve: Sgt. Trey Webb, USAR 2019 Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Justin Neddo, ARNG Active: Sgt. 1st Class Robert Ybarra, USA Reserve: Sgt. James Toothman, USAR 2018 Guard: Staff Sgt. Garrett Temple, ARNG Active: Sfc. (P) Shane Payne, USA Reserve: Sfc. Jeremy Eanes, USAR 2017 Guard: Staff Sgt. Frederick Sack, ARNG Active: Sgt. 1st Class Ronald Ramos Santana, USA 2016 Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Michael Hebert, ARNG Active: Staff Sgt. Eric Bailey, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. Will Davis,USAR 2015 Guard: Staff Sgt. Matthew Schmitt, ARNG Active: Sgt. 1st Class Corey Wilkens, USA Reserve: Sgt. Steven Bastean, USAR 2014 Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Randy Holt, ARNG Active: Staff Sgt. James O’Donoghue, USA 2013 Guard: Staff Sgt. Lawrence Johnson, ARNG Reserve: Sgt. Benjamin Mercer, USAR Active: Sgt. 1st Class Timothy Barr, USA 2012 Guard: Sgt. Jeremy Frank Knudson, ARNG Reserve: Staff Sgt. James Bebeau, USAR Active: Sgt. 1st Class Tyrone Stacy, USA 2011 Guard: Sgt. Pierre R. Laroussini, ARNG Reserve: Staff Sgt. Connie Cavanaugh, USAR Active: Sgt. 1st Class Robert E. McEntire, USA 2010 Active: Staff Sgt. Jeremiah Thomas, USA Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Ronald Stenger, ARNG Reserve: Staff Sgt. Nathan Ryckman, USAR

2009 Active: Sgt. 1st Class Ricardo Ranger, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. Jason Moldan, USAR Guard: Sgt. 1st Class John E. Roberts, ARNG 2008 Active: Sgt. 1st Class (P) Marcus McClain, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. Jay Kochuga, USAR Guard: Staff Sgt. Mark Welker, ARNG 2007 Active: Sgt. 1st Class Travis Crow, USA Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class Martin Durst, USAR Guard: Staff Sgt. Rian Hofstad, ARNG 2005 Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class John Krell, USAR 2004 Active: Sgt. Scott Smullen, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. Ryan Patton, USAR 2003 Active: Sgt. 1st Class Matthew Outten, USA Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class David Varelas, USAR Guard: Staff Sgt. David 2002 Active: Sgt. 1st Class Lawrence Spradley, USA Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class Bradley Schneier, USAR 2001 Active: Sgt. 1st Class Paul Davis, USA Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class Michael Peters, USAR Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Dale Kellhofer, ARNG 2000 Active: Staff Sgt. Nathan Magee, USA Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class Michael Lay, USAR Guard: Sgt. Timothy Brittain, ARNG 1999 Active: Sgt. 1st Class William Arthur, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. David Chamberlin, USAR Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Daniel Vincent Mazouch, ARNG 1998 Active: Staff Sgt. Jerry Smith, USA Reserve: Sgt. 1st Class Ronney Oliveros, USAR Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Kevin Keefe, ARNG 1997 Active: Staff Sgt. Walter Howell, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. Steven Rowland, USAR Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Harley Schwind, ARNG 1996 Active: Sgt. 1st Class Todd Burnett, USA Reserve: Staff Sgt. Marvin Curris II, USAR Guard: Sgt. 1st Class Jeffrey Berg, ARNG 1995 Sgt. 1st Class Lamonte Redington, USA 1994 Staff Sgt. Jay Rutherford, USA

1993 Sgt. 1st Class Troy Whitman, USA 1992 Staff Sgt. Brent Emerson, USA 1991 Sgt. 1st Class Leo Ross, USA 1990 Sgt. 1st Class Curtis Lenhart, USA 1989 Sgt. 1st Class Wayne Roberts, USA 1988 Staff Sgt. Paul Weber, USA 1987 Sgt. 1st Class James Herrington, USA 1986 Sgt. 1st Class George St. Onge, USA 1985 Sgt. 1st Class Dennis Ansay, USA 1984 Staff Sgt. James Kochara, USA 1983 Sgt. 1st Class Eugene Middleton, USA 1982 Sgt. 1st Class (P) Michael McGuiggan, USA 1981 Staff Sgt. Jackie Thomas, USA 1980 Staff Sgt. Billy Miller, USA 1979 Sgt. 1st Class Harold Lockwood, USA 1978 Sgt. 1st Class Lanny Hodges, USA 1977 Staff Sgt. Humberto McLaren, USA 1976 Staff Sgt. James Skellion, USA 1975 Sgt. Douglas Carron, USA 1974 Sgt. 1st Class Charles Oliver, USA

David M. Fraser Award

For engineering excellence and leadership by a U.S. Military Academy First Class Cadet. 2020 Cadet Manley James 2019 Cadet James Durst 2018 Cadet Sophia Schwanebeck 2017 Cadet Zachary Cohen 2016 Cadet Blake Bequette 2015 Cadet Robert Hume 2014 Cadet Ethan Dewart 2013 Cadet Ryan Leets 2012 Cadet Douglass Brance Waggoman 2011 Cadet Erin Anthony

Itschner Award

For most outstanding Army engineering company. 2020 Active: 7th Engineer Dive Detachment, 84th Engineer Battalion Guard: Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 206th Engineer Battalion, Kentucky Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 391st Engineer Battalion 2019 Active: 523rd Engineer Support Company, 84th Engineer Battalion Guard: 577th Sapper Company, 201st Engineer Battalion, Kentucky Army National Guard Reserve: 310th Multi-

154

Role Bridge Company, 363rd Engineer Battalion 2018 Active: 161st Engineer Support Company, 27th Engineer Battalion (Airborne) Guard: 2061st Multi-Role Bridge Company, Kentucky Army National Guard Reserve: 449th Mobile Augmentation Company, 478th Engineer Battalion 2017 Active: 249th Engineer Battalion (Prime Power) Guard: 207th Engineer Company (Horizontal), 201st Engineer Battalion, Kentucky Army National Guard Reserve: 310th Engineer Company (Multi-Role Bridge), 363rd Engineer Battalion 2016 Active: A Company, 82nd Engineer Battalion Guard: 155th Engineer Company (Vertical), South Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 368th Engineer Battalion 2015 Active: A Company, 169th Engineer Battalion Guard: 200th Engineer Company (Multi-Role Bridge), 153rd Engineer Battalion, South Dakota Army National Guard Reserves: 338th Engineer Company (Horizontal), 368th Engineer Battalion 2014 Active: A Company, 2nd Brigade Special Troops Battalion Guard: 1123rd Sapper Company, 206th Engineer Battalion, Kentucky Army National Guard Reserves: 806th Engineer Company, 489th Engineer Battalion 2013 Active Army: 643rd Engineer Company, 84th Engineer Battalion Guard: 116th Engineer Company (Horizontal), 1457th Engineer Battalion, Utah Army National Guard Reserves: 372nd Engineer Company, 397th Engineer Battalion 2012 Active Army: 42nd Clearance Company, 54th Engineer Battalion Guard: 188th Engineer Company (Vertical), 231st Brigade Support Battalion, North Dakota National Guard Reserves: 428th Engineer Detachment, 368th Engineer Battalion, 412th Theater Engineer Command 2011 Active: 643rd Engineer Company, 84th Engineer Battalion Guard: 623rd Engineer Company, Nebraska Army National Guard Reserve: 428th Engineer Company, 379th Engineer Battalion 2010 Active: A Company, 2nd Brigade

Special Troops Battalion Guard: 957th Engineer Company, North Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: 328th Engineer Company 2009 Active: B Company, 9th Engineer Battalion Guard: Headquarters 220th Engineer Company, Missouri Army National Guard Reserve: 321st Engineer Detachment (Survey & Design), 844th Engineer Battalion 2008 Active: 66th Engineer Company (Infantry) Guard: C Company, 201st Engineer Battalion, Kentucky Army National Guard Reserve: 955th Engineering Company, 489th Engineer Battalion 2007 Active: 66th Engineer Company, Stryker Brigade Combat Team Guard: 133rd Engineer Company, Wyoming Army National Guard 2006 Active: 618th Engineer Company, 19th Engineer Battalion 2005 Active: E Company, Task Force 4-64 Armor, 4th Brigade (Combat) Guard: A Company, 224th Engineer Battalion, Iowa Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters Support Company, 844th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) 2004 Active: A Company, 20th Engineer Battalion Guard: Headquarters Support Company, 203rd Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), Missouri Army National Guard Reserve: 854th Engineer Battalion 2003 Active: A Company, 11th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: C Company, 1457th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Utah Army National Guard Reserve: A Company, 244th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) 2002 Active: C Company, 9th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: A Company, 1088th Engineer Battalion, Louisiana Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters Support Company, 463rd Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) 2001 Active: B Company, 94th Engineer Battalion (Heavy) Guard: 842nd Engineer Company (Combat Support Equipment), South Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters Support Company, 244th Engineer Battalion (Combat) 2000 Active: A Company, 82nd Engineer Battalion Guard: B Company, 142nd Engineer Battalion, North Dako-

SAME Awards 1920-2020 ta National Guard Reserve: C Company, 489th Engineer Battalion 1999 Active: A Company, 94th Engineer Combat Battalion (Heavy) Guard: C Company, 203rd Engineer Battalion, Missouri Army National Guard Reserve: B Company, 961st Engineer Combat Battalion (Heavy) 1998 Active: A Company, 14th Engineer Combat Battalion Guard: B Company, 1088 Engineer Battalion, Louisiana Army National Guard Reserve: C Company, 489th Engineer Battalion 1997 Active: A Company, 16th Engineer Battalion Guard: Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 109th Engineer Battalion, South Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: 431st Engineer Company (Pipeline) 1996 Active: 502nd Engineer Company, 130th Engineer Brigade Guard: B Company, 69th Engineer Battalion Reserve: 412th Engineer Command 1995 Active: 618th Engineer Company (Light Equipment), 307th Engineer Battalion (Airborne) Guard: 854th Engineer Company (Medium Girder Bridge), 109th Engineer Battalion Reserve: B Company, 389th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) 1994 Active: B Company, 536th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) Guard: B Company, 769th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), Louisiana Army National Guard Reserve: B Company, 389th Engineer Group, 88th Army Reserve Command 1993 Active: A Company, 65th Engineer Battalion Guard: A Company, 769th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), Louisiana Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 412th Engineer Command 1992 Active: C Company, 65th Engineer Battalion Guard: B Company, 769th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), Louisiana Army National Guard Reserve: A Company, 391st Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps) 1991 Active: A Company, 23rd Engineer Battalion Guard: D Company, 122nd Engineer Battalion, South Carolina Army National Guard Reserve: A Company, 391st Engineer Battalion 1990 Active: 70th Engineer Company (Topographic), 29th Engineer Battalion

(Topographic) Guard: B Company 52nd Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), California Army National Guard Reserve: D Company, 854th Engineer Battalion 1989 Active: C Company, 9th Engineer Battalion Guard: D Company, 153rd Engineer Battalion (Combat), 109th Engineer Group, South Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: D Company, 844th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy), 412th Engineer Command 1988 Active: A Company, 65th Engineer Battalion Guard: 200th Engineer Company, South Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: C Company, 391st Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps) 1987 Active: D Company, 44th Engineer Combat Battalion (Heavy); Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 577th Engineer Battalion Guard: B Company, 141st Engineer Combat Battalion, North Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 412th Engineer Command 1986 Active: B Company, 249th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) Guard: 116th Engineer Company, Utah Army National Guard Reserve: D Company (Bridge), 13th Engineer Battalion 1985 Active: B Company, 17th Engineer Battalion Guard: C Company, 1249th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Oregon Army National Guard Reserve: B Company, 458th Engineer Battalion (Combat) 1984 Active: B Company, 249th Engineer Combat Battalion (Heavy) Guard: D Company, 141st Engineer Battalion (Combat), North Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: 409th Engineer Company (Panel Bridge) 1983 Active: C Company, 249th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) Guard: D Company, 1457th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps), Utah Army National Guard Reserve: D Company, 411th Engineer Combat Battalion (Heavy) 1982 Active: D Company, 249th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) Guard: C Company, 153rd Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps), South Dakota National Guard Reserve: Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 458th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps)

1981 Active: C Company, 78th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: B Company 262nd Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps), Maine Army National Guard Reserve: D Company, 844th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) 1980 Active: A Company, 65th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: D Company, 1457th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps), Utah Army National Guard Reserve: B Company, 479th Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Corps) 1979 Active: 568th Engineer Company (Combat Support Equipment), 559th Engineer Battalion Guard: 269th Engineer Company (Construction Support), Florida Army National Guard Reserve: D Company, 467th Engineer Battalion, 121st Army Reserve Command 1978 Active: A Company, 12th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: C Company, 612th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Ohio Army National Guard Reserve: 332nd Engineer Company (Dump Truck), Kittanning, PA 1977 Active: C Company, 547th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: 842nd Engineer Company (Combat Support), 109th Engineer Battalion, 109th Engineer Group, South Dakota Army National Guard Reserve: Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 315th Engineer Group 1976 Active: A Company, 293rd Engineer Battalion (Combat) (Heavy) Guard: B Company, 724th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Wisconsin Army National Guard Reserve: 332nd Engineer Company (Dump Truck), 99th Army Reserve Command 1975 Active: B Company, 10th Engineer Battalion (Combat) Guard: Headquarters Company, 1457th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Utah National Guard Reserve: D Company, 463rd Engineer Battalion (Construction), 99th Army Reserve Command 1974 Active: D Company, 802nd Engineer Battalion Guard: D Company, 1457th Engineer Battalion (Combat), Utah Army National Guard Reserve: B Company, 458th Engineer Battalion (Combat), 99th Army Reserve Command 1973 370th Engineer Company (Construction Support), 24th Engineer Group (Construction)

155

1972 518th Company (Combat), 193rd Infantry Brigade 1971 A Company, 326th Engineer Battalion 1970 C Company, 8th Engineer Battalion (Airmobile) 1969 87th Engineer Company, 199th Infantry Brigade; C Company, 39th Engineer Battalion (Combat) 1968 C Company, 39th Engineer Battalion (Combat) 1967 173rd Airborne Engineer Company 1966 A Company, 39th Engineer Battalion (Combat) 1965 A Company, 326th Engineer Battalion 1964 618th Engineer Company (Light Equipment) (Airborne), 307th Engineer Battalion 1963 A Company, 8th Engineer Battalion (Combat) 1962 B Company, 307th Engineer Battalion (Airborne Division) 1961 562nd Engineer Company (Combat) 1960 100th Engineer Company (Float Bridge)

U.S. Navy Moreell Medal

For outstanding contributions to military engineering. 2020 Cdr. Kendall Chapman, CEC, USN 2019 Lt. Cdr. Billy Woodward, CEC, USN 2018 Christopher Vollmer, USN 2017 Lt. Clare Ovesen, CEC, USN 2016 Lt. Cdr. Kenneth Sowell, CEC, USN 2015 Lt. Cdr. Michael Guzzi, CEC, USN 2014 Lt. Cdr. Andrew Olsen, CEC, USN 2013 Lt. Cdr. Dean Allen, CEC, USN 2012 Lt. Cdr. Ryan Carey, CEC, USN, 2011 Lt. Cdr. Joseph Harder III, CEC, USN 2010 Lt. Cdr. Daniel Cook, CEC, USN 2009 Lt. Cdr. E. James Brown, CEC, USN 2008 Cdr. Glenn Shephard, CEC, USN 2007 Lt. Cdr. Russel Rang, CEC, USN 2006 Cdr. Mark Geronime, CEC, USN 2005 Lt. Cdr. Scot Sanders, CEC, USN 2004 Lt. Cdr. Christopher Kurgan, USN 2003 Cdr. Joseph Campbell, CEC, USN

2002 Lt. Cdr. Joel Baldwin, CEC, USN 2001 Ralph Torres 2000 Jai Jeffrey 1999 Glenn Higuchi 1998 Cdr. Paul Kuzio, CEC, USN 1997 Lt. Cdr. John Korka, CEC, USN 1996 Lt. Cdr. Douglas Morton, CEC, USN 1996 Lt. Cdr. Clifford Maurer, CEC, USN 1995 Lt. Cdr. Steven Wirsching, CEC, USN 1994 Cdr. Michael Schaefer, CEC, USN 1993 Capt. James Spore III, CEC, USN 1992 Lt. Cdr. R.R. Aucremanne, CEC, USN 1991 Capt. Kenneth Chacey, CEC, USN 1990 Cdr. W. L. Rudich, CEC, USN 1989 Cdr. Michael Moore, CEC, USN 1988 Lt. Cdr. David Pruett, CEC, USN 1987 Gary Yamagata 1986 Robert Hammond 1985 Rear Adm. Thomas Maddock, CEC, USN 1984 Capt. William O’Donnell, CEC, USN 1983 Cdr. George Holland, CEC, USN 1982 Milon Essoglou 1981 Lt. Cdr. Harrison Whittaker II, CEC, USN 1980 Capt. Eric Wilson Jr., CEC, USN 1979 Lt. Cdr. George Yankoupe, CEC, USN 1978 Lt. Cdr. William Burke III, CEC, USN 1977 Lt. Cdr. Ole Olsen, CEC, USN 1976 Cdr. Lawrence Donovan, CEC, USN 1975 Cdr. Tracy Tucker, CEC, USN 1974 Cdr. Gordon Winker, CEC, USN 1973 Cdr. Jack Moger, CEC, USN 1972 Cdr. Malcolm Macdonald, CEC, USN 1971 Rear Adm. George Reider, CEC, USN 1970 Glenn Zimmer 1969 Capt. Blake Van Leer, CEC, USN 1968 Cdr. Malcolm Mooney, CEC, USN 1967 Lt. George Fowler III, CEC, USN 1966 Lt. Cdr. George Bednar, CEC, USN 1965 Cdr. Richard Anderson, CEC, USN 1964 Capt. N.M. Martinsen, CEC, USN 1963 Cdr. Custer Krickenberger, CEC, USN 1962 Capt. Paul Seufer, CEC, USN 1961 Lt. Cdr. Raymond Loomis, CEC, USN

1960 Vice Adm. W. Orrne Hiltabidle, CEC, USN 1959 Cdr. John Dillon, CEC, USN 1958 Lt. Cdr. Donald lselin, CEC, USN 1957 Cdr. Richard Laughlin, CEC, USN 1956 Lt. (j.g.) Richard Bowers, CEC, USN 1955 Capt. John Albers, CEC, USN

Shields Medal

For outstanding contributions to facility construction and/or maintenance. 2020 Construction Mechanic 1st Class Jose Hernandez, USN 2019 Construction Electrician 1st Class Rodney Lively, USN 2018 Utilitiesman 1st Class Cole Einhaus, USN 2017 Builder 1st Class Frank Guerrero, USN 2016 Builder 1st Class Steven Williams, USN 2015 Construction Mechanic 1st Class James Eaton, USN 2014 Builder 1st Class Patrick Smith, USN 2013 Steelworker 1st Class Coogan Kennedy, USN 2012 Construction Mechanic 1st Class Simon Fesquez, USN 2011 Builder 1st Class Reno Perryman, USN 2010 Utilitiesman 1st Class Kevin Swanson, USN 2009 Utilitiesman 1st Class William Allen, USN 2008 Utilitiesman 1st Class Jesse Scherer, USN 2007 Builder 1st Class Courtland Sawyer, USN 2006 Builder 1st Class Jonathan Eisfelder, USN 2005 Builder 1st Class Jerry Johnson, USN 2004 Utilitiesman 1st Class Sean Stewart, USN 2003 Utilitiesman 1st Class William Yobs, USN 2002 Christilaw, USN 2001 Steelworker 1st Class Edward Perry, USN 2000 Equipment Operator 1st Class Terry Cape, USN 1999 Equipment Operator 1st Class Timothy Scott, USN 1998 Builder 1st Class Eric Hass, USN

1997 1996 Steelworker 1st Class Martin Andrews, USN 1995 Steelworker 1st Class Robert Bryant, USN 1994 Steelworker 1st Class Richard Glover, USN 1993 Equipment Operator 1st Class Kelly Ryan, USN 1992 Equipment Operator 1st Class Stephen Hayes, USN 1991 Steelworker 1st Class Larry Greenwood, USN 1990 Steelworker 1st Class Mark Giardina, USN 1989 Utilitiesman 1st Class Lew Burkholder III, USN 1988 Steelworker 1st Class William Toth, USN 1987 Construction Electrician 1st Class Joye Smith, USN 1986 Steelworker 1st Class George Havash, USN 1985 Builder 1st Class Rickie Deems, USN 1984 Construction Mechanic 1st Class Daniel Brunger, USN 1983 Builder 1st Class Theodore Posuniak, USN 1982 Builder 1st Class Claude Van Gurp, USN 1981 Benny Feagins, USN 1980 Utilitiesman 1st Class Robert Zulick, USN 1979 Equipment Operator 2nd Class Joel Lee Turnham, USN 1978 Utilitiesman 1st Class Charles Hoffpauir Jr., USN 1977 Construction Electrician 1st Class Harold Pape, USN 1976 Chief Utilitiesman David Quintero, USN 1975 Builder Chief Richard Brown, USN 1974 Senior Chief Donald Morrison, USN 1973 Welch, USN

Peltier Award

For most outstanding Navy construction battalion. 2020 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 2019 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11

2017-2018 Award Not Presented 2016 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3 2015 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11 2014 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11 2013 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 113 2012 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11 2011 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 40 2010 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 2009 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5 2008 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5 2007 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3 2006 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 2005 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 2004 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 2003 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 74 2002 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 2001 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 2000 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5 1999 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 74 1998 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1997 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 1996 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1995 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 40 1994 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 74 1993 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5 1992 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1990 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 1989 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 7 1988 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133

156

1987 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3 1986 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 40 1985 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 1984 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1983 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1982 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1981 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 1980 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 1979 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 62 1978 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 74 1977 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 62 1976 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3 1975 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 1974 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 71 1973 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 10 1972 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 1971 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 1970 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 62 1969 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 62 1968 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5 1967 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 10 1966 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 1965 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 9 1964 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 9 1963 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 7 1962 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 1961 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 7 1960 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 9

U.S. Marine Corps For outstanding engineer contributions to the joint military service. 2020 Maj. Katie Petronio, USMC 2019 1st Lt. Carlos Perez, USMC 2018 McCabe, USMC 2017 Cordes, USMC 2016 Bell, USMC 2015 1st Lt. Joseph Garcia, USMC 2014 Capt. Jonathan Scarfe, USMC 2013 Capt. Lars Rockholm, USMC 2012 1st Lt. Stafford Buchanan, USMC 2011 Anthony Reiter, USMC 2010 Capt. Todd Peterson, USMC 2009 Capt. Colter Bahlau, USMC 2008 1st Lt. George Saenz, USMC

Engineer Staff NCO of the Year

For outstanding engineer contributions to the joint military service. 2020 Master Sgt. Alexander Abel, USMC 2019 Gunnery Sgt. Theodore Jenkins, USMC 2018 Staff Sgt. Clayton Leatherwood, USMC 2017 Master Gunnery Sgt. Jose Salazar, USMC 2016 Staff Sgt. Christopher Panko, USMC 2015 Gunnery Sgt. Matthew Cornett, USMC 2014 Staff Sgt. Aaron Evans, USMC 2013 Staff Sgt. Charles Dishman, USMC 2012 Gunnery Sgt. Archie Bridges Jr., USMC 2011 Gunnery Sgt. Jerry Morris, USMC 2010 Gunnery Sgt. Eric Gonzalez, USMC 2009 Staff Sgt. Stephan Krueste, USMC 2008 Staff Sgt. John King, USMC

U.S. Air Force Newman Medal

For outstanding contributions to military engineering. 2020 Col. Scott Matthews, USAF 2019 Col. Christopher Stoppel, USAF

SAME Awards 1920-2020 2018 Martin Buncher, USAF 2017 Col. Eric Turner, USAF 2016 Col. Craig Johnson, USAF 2015 Col. Michael Geer, USAF 2014 Allan Lucht 2013 Col. David DeMartino, USAF 2012 Col. David Reynolds, USAF 2011 Col. Nicholas Desport, USAF 2010 Col. Judith Bittick, USAF 2009 Col. Brian Yolitz, USAF 2008 Col. Terry Watkins, USAF 2007 Col. John Eunice III, USAF 2006 Col. James Brackett, USAF 2005 Col. Gus lliott Jr., USAF 2004 Col. Timothy Byers, USAF 2003 Col. Brian Miller, Ph.D., USAF 2002 Col. James Ryburn, USAF 2001 Lt. Col. Thomas Quasney, USAF 2000 Col. David DeFoliart, USAF 1999 Col. Emmitt Smith, USAF 1998 Brig. Gen. (Sel) David Cannan, USAF 1997 Col. J. Carlton Tickel, USAF 1996 Col. Donald Murphy, USAF 1995 Col. H. Dean Bartel, USAF 1994 Col. Earnest Robbins II, USAF 1993 Col. Todd Stewart, USAF 1992 Col. Harry McDaniel, USAF 1991 Col. Alfred Beauchemin, USAF 1990 Col. K.H. Rothenberg, USAF 1989 Col. Eugene Lupia, USAF 1988 1987 Col. Michael McAuliffe, USAF 1986 Col. John Donovan, USAF

Goddard Medal

For outstanding contributions to military engineering, including troop construction, base maintenance, and contingency engineering. 2020 Master Sgt. Marcus Hines, USAF 2019 Senior Master Sgt. George Burns, USAF 2018 Senior Master Sgt. Daniel Alvarado, USAF 2017 Senior Master Sgt. Kenley Flemming, USAF 2016 Senior Master Sgt. Matthew Balliet, USAF

2015 Senior Master Sgt. Vincent Schuyler, USAF 2014 Senior Master Sgt. Roddy Martin, USAF 2013 Master Sgt. Tommy Childers Jr., USAF 2012 Active: Senior Master Sgt. Gary Szekely, USAF Reserves: Senior Master Sgt. Gary Smith, USAFR 2011 Active: Senior Master Sgt. Joel Jones, USAF Reserves: Chief Master Sgt. Michael Bowden Jr., USAFR 2010 Active: Senior Master Sgt. Gary Souder, USAF Reserves: Master Sgt. Adam Cronk, USAFR 2009 Active: Master Sgt. Ignatius Sanchez, USAF Reserve: Senior Master Sgt. Christopher Thai, USAR 2008 Active: Master Sgt. Jeffrey Dunn, USAF Reserve: Senior Master Sgt. Mark Stoler, USAFR 2007 Active: Master Sgt. Michael Yancey, USAF Reserve: Master Sgt. John Gabriel, USAFR Guard: Staff Sgt. Andy Quintana, ANG 2006 Active: Senior Master Sgt. Stephen Batherson, USAF Reserve: Master Sgt. Grady Raynor Jr., USAFR 2005 Active: Master Sgt. Mark Barlett, USAF Reserve: Chief Master Sgt. Bobby Moore, USAFR Guard: Senior Master Sgt. Mark Robertson, ANG 2004 Active: Master Sgt. Jerry Burns, USAF Reserve: Master Sgt. Judy Whibee, USAFR 2003 Active: Master Sgt. Stanley Gilmore, USAF Reserve: Senior Master Sgt. Lawrence Jones, USAFR Guard: Senior Master Sgt. Ronald Woodard, ANG 2002 Active: Master Sgt. Allen Jedlicki, USAF Reserve: Senior Master Sgt. Larry Lomax, USAFR Guard: Chief Master Sgt. Kenneth Wolf, ANG 2001 Active: Senior Master Sgt. Roger Austin, USAF Reserve: Master Sgt. David Nickel, USAFR 2000 Active: Master Sgt. Anthony Michels, USAF Reserve: Master Sgt. Jeffrey Jarvis, USAFR Guard: Master Sgt. Douglas Gilbert, ANG

1999 Active: Staff Sgt. George Waring III, USAF Reserve: Tech. Sgt. Naomi Gabriel, USAFR Guard: Master Sgt. John Findorak, ANG 1998 Active: Master Sgt. James Stillwell, USAF Reserve: Staff Sgt. Laurie Stensland, USAR Guard: Tech. Sgt. William Pullar, ANG 1997 Active: Master Sgt. Jon. Saiers, USAF Reserve: Senior Master Sgt. Johnnie Bolen, USAR Guard: Master Sgt. Dwight Barber, ANG 1996 Active: Master Sgt. Robert Dorriety, USAF Reserve: Senior Master Sgt. Joseph Andrews, USAR Guard: Tech Sgt. Scott Terry, ANG 1995 Senior Master Sgt. Martin Tabor, USAF 1994 Senior Master Sgt. David Ambelang, USAF 1993 Senior Master Sgt. Keith Ogles, USAF 1992 Master Sgt. John Harris, USAF 1991 Senior Master Sgt. Joseph Lounder, USAF 1990 Senior Master Sgt. Toby Moore Jr. , USAF 1989 Senior Master Sgt. Ronald Libey, USAF 1988 Senior Master Sgt. Wayne Benson, USAF 1987 Senior Master Sgt. Willie Carter, USAF 1986 Senior Master Sgt. Richard Driscoll, USAF 1985 Senior Master Sgt. James Keefe, USAF 1984 Senior Master Sgt. James Merek, USAF 1983 Senior Master Sgt. Bob Buckles, USAF 1982 Chief Master Sgt. Woodrow Giddens, USAF 1981 Senior Master Sgt. Dennis James McAvoy, USAF 1980 Senior Master Sgt. Arthur Hanrahan, USAF 1979 Master Sgt. Aaron Durr, USAF 1978 Master Sgt. Joseph Workman, USAF 1977 Master Sgt. Winston Parrish, USAF 1976 Senior Master Sgt. Larry Frick, USAF

157

1975 Senior Master Sgt. John Reed, USAF 1974 Tech. Sgt. David Crump, USAF 1973 Senior Master Sgt. Kenneth Frazier Jr., USAF

Curtin Award

For most outstanding Air Force engineering group or squadron. 2020 48th Civil Engineer Squadron, RAF Lakenheath (Large Unit) 97th Civil Engineer Squadron Altus AFB (Small Unit) 439th Civil Engineer Squadron, Westover ARB (Reserve) 2019 35th Civil Engineer Squadron, Misawa AB (Large Unit) 31st Civil Engineer Squadron, Aviano AB (Small Unit) 155th Civil Engineer Squadron, Lincoln ANGB (Reserve) 2018 18th Civil Engineer Group, Kadena AB (Large Unit) 7th Civil Engineer Squadron, Dyess AFB (Small Unit) 932nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Scott AFB (Reserve) 2017 96th Civil Engineer Group, Eglin AFB (Large Unit) 14th Civil Engineer Squadron, Columbus AFB (Small Unit) 172nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Jackson ANGB (Reserve) 2016 11th Civil Engineer Squadron, Joint Base Andrews (Large Unit) 8th Civil Engineer Squadron, Kunsan AB (Small Unit) 434th Civil Engineer Squadron, Grissom ARB (Reserve) 2015 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB (Large Unit) 355th Civil Engineer Squadron, Davis-Monthan AFB (Small Unit) 934th Civil Engineer Squadron, Minneapolis-St. Paul ARS (Reserve) 2014 18th Civil Engineer Group, Kadena AB (Large Unit) 27th Special Operations Civil Engineer Squadron, Cannon AFB (Small Unit) 140th Civil Engineer Squadron, Buckley AFB (Reserve) 2013 87th Civil Engineer Squadron, Joint Base McGuire-

Dix-Lakehurst (Large Unit) 355th Civil Engineer Squadron, Davis-Monthan AFB (Small Unit) 439th Civil Engineer Squadron, Westover ARB (Reserve) 2012 49th Civil Engineer Squadron, Holloman AFB (Large Unit) 27th Special Operations Civil Engineer Squadron, Cannon AFB (Small Unit) 145th Civil Engineer Squadron, CharlotteDouglas ANGB (Reserve) 2011 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB (Large Unit) 355th Civil Engineer Squadron, Davis-Monthan AFB (Small Unit) 115th Civil Engineer Squadron, Truax Field (Reserve) 2010 23rd Civil Engineer Squadron, Moody AFB (Large Unit) 4th Civil Engineer Squadron, Seymour-Johnson AFB (Small Unit) 482nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Homestead ARB (Reserve) 2009 60th Civil Engineer Squadron, Travis AFB (Large Unit) 554th RED HORSE Squadron, Andersen AFB (Small Unit) 134th Civil Engineer Squadron, McGhee Tyson ANGB (Reserve) 2008 100th Civil Engineer Squadron, RAF Mildenhall (Small Unit) 18th Civil Engineer Group, Kadena AB (Large Unit) 108th Civil Engineer Squadron, McGuire AFB (Reserve) 2007 21st Civil Engineer Squadron (Small Unit) 4th Civil Engineer Squadron (Large Unit) 126th Civil Engineer Squadron (Reserve) 2006 100th Civil Engineer Squadron, RAF Mildenhall (Small Unit) 3rd Civil Engineer Squadron, Elmendorf AFB (Large Unit) 118th Civil Engineer Squadron, Berry Field ANGB (Reserve) 2005 35th Civil Engineer Squadron, Misawa AB (Large Unit) 314th Civil Engineer Squadron, Little Rock AFB (Small Unit) 2004 18th Civil Engineer Squadron, Kadena AFB (Large Unit) 341st

Civil Engineer Squadron, Malmstrom AFB (Small Unit) 2003 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB (Large Unit) 27th Civil Engineer Squadron, Cannon AFB (Small Unit) 2002 86th Civil Engineer Squadron, Ramstein AB (Large Unit) 43rd Civil Engineer Squadron, Pope AFB (Small Unit) 2001 437th Civil Engineer Squadron, Charleston AFB (Large Unit) 31st Civil Engineer Squadron, Aviano AB (Small Unit) 2000 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB (Large Unit) 92nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Fairchild AFB (Small Unit) 1999 49th Civil Engineer Squadron, Holloman AFB (Large Unit) 56th Civil Engineer Squadron, Luke AFB (Small Unit) 1998 86th Civil Engineer Squadron, Ramstein AB (Large Unit) 92nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Fairchild AFB (Small Unit) 1997 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB (Large Unit) 4th Civil Engineer Squadron, Seymour-Johnson AFB (Small Unit) 1996 10th Civil Engineer Squadron, U.S. Air Force Academy (Large Unit) 31st Civil Engineer Squadron, Aviano AB (Small Unit) 1995 12th Civil Engineer Squadron, Randolph AFB (Large Unit) 437th Civil Engineer Squadron, Charleston AFB (Small Unit) 1994 20th Civil Engineer Squadron, Shaw AFB (Large Unit) 14th Civil Engineer Squadron, Columbus AFB (Small Unit) 1993 432nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Misawa AB (Large Unit) 17th Civil Engineer Squadron, Goodfellow AFB (Small Unit) 1992 355th Civil Engineer Squadron, Davis-Monthan AFB (Large Unit) 96th Civil Engineer Squadron, Dyess AFB (Small Unit) 1991 351st Civil Engineer Squadron, Whiteman AFB (Large Unit) 27th Civil Engineer Squadron, Cannon AFB (Small Unit)

1990 90th Civil Engineer Squadron, F.E. Warren AFB (Large Unit) 5099th Civil Engineer Operations Squadron, Elmendorf AFB (Small Unit) 1989 2852nd Civil Engineer Squadron, McClellan AFB (Large Unit) 27th Civil Engineer Squadron, Cannon AFB (Small Unit) 1988 36th Civil Engineer Squadron, Bitburg AB (Large Unit) 1010th Civil Engineer Squadron, Cheyenne Mountain Complex (Small Unit) 1987 325th Civil Engineer Squadron, Tyndall AFB (Large Unit) 347th Civil Engineer Squadron Moody AFB (Small Unit) 1986 6510th Civil Engineer Squadron, Edwards AFB 1985 18th Combat Support Group, Kadena AB 1984 432nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Misawa AB 1983 2849th Civil Engineer Squadron, Hill AFB 1982 42nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Loring AFB 1981 436th Civil Engineer Squadron, Dover AFB 1980 56th Civil Engineer Squadron, MacDill AFB 1979 100th Civil Engineer Squadron, Beale AFB 1978 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Spangdahlem AB 1977 475th Civil Engineer Squadron, Yokota AB 1976 341st Civil Engineer Squadron, Malmstrom AFB 1975 67th Civil Engineer Squadron, Bergstrom AFB 1974 90th Civil Engineer Squadron, Warren AFB 1973 317th Civil Engineer Squadron, Pope AFB 1972 Civil Engineer School, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB 1971 3202nd Civil Engineer Squadron, Eglin AFB 1970 27th Civil Engineer Squadron, Cannon AFB 1969 4756th Civil Engineer Squadron, Tyndall AFB 1968 355th Civil Engineer Squadron,

Takhli Royal Thai AFB 1967 96th Civil Engineer Squadron, Dyess AFB 1966 4510th Civil Engineer Squadron, Luke AFB

U.S. Coast Guard Oren Medal

For outstanding contributions to military engineering. 2020 Lt. John Houk, USCG 2019 Lt. Cdr. Tracy Torba, USCG 2018 Lt. Cdr. Roger Masson, USCG 2017 Cdr. Jeremy Hall, USCG 2016 Lt. Cdr. James McFerran, USCG 2015 Lt. Sarah Krolman, USCG 2014 Cdr. David Obermeier, USCG Francisco Brito 2013 Lt. Cdr. John-David Lentine, USCG 2012 Lt. John Adams, USCG 2011 Cdr. Jason Beatty, USCG 2010 Lt. Laura Smolinski, USCG 2009 Tony van Winden 2008 Lt. Cdr. Andrew Brown, USCG 2007 Col. Douglas Sundstrom, USMCR (Ret.) 2006 Capt. Dale Walker, USCG (Ret.) 2005 Award Not Presented 2004 Lt. Cdr. Benjamin Davis, USCG 2003 David Hammond 2003 Lt. Cdr. James Dempsey, USCG 2002 Lt. Michael Ennis, USCG 2001 Lt. T. Wade Gesele, USCG 2001 Debra Chinn 2000 Lt. Jon Hickey, USCG 1999 Lt. John Slaughter, USCG 1998 Cdr. Brian White, USCG 1997 Lt. Cdr. Andrew Kimos, USCG 1996 Alfred Jacobs 1995 Lt. Cdr. Patrick Barnes, USCG 1994 Cdr. John Miller, USCG 1993 Linda Lefkovitz 1992 Lt. Cdr. Daniel May, USCG 1991 Cdr. Richard Koehler, USCG 1990 Frank Madison 1989 Lt. Christopher Mills, USCG 1988 Cdr. John Malmrose, USCG 1987 Cdr. Richard Cox, USCG 1986 Lt. Thomas Briggs, USCG 1985 Bob Lamm 1984 Lt. Cdr. James Seagraves, USCG

158

1983 Lt. Cdr. James Sherman, USCG 1982 David Lebofsky 1981 Lt. Cdr. Gregory Magee, USCG 1980 Cdr. Harry Tiffany, USCG 1979 Martin Boivin 1978 Dr. Robert Boggs 1977 Raquel McAllister 1976 Hisashi Imanaka 1975 Cdr. John Wells Jr., USCG 1974 Cdr. Walter Peterson, USCG 1973 Robert Stafford 1972 Byron Clark 1971 Lt. Cdr. K.L. Reichelt, USCG 1970 Gerald O’Hara 1969 Jonah Muck 1968 Glen Logan

Sargent Medal

For outstanding contributions to civil engineering or facilities engineering. 2020 Wayne Barnes 2019 Reaves, USCG 2018 2017 2016 2015

Scott, USCG USCG Dennis Amerson, USCG Antonucci, USCG

Addicott, USCG 2014 Bill Heath 2013 Angel Matos 2012 Daniel Meyers 2011 Briggs, USCG 2010 USCG 2009 Wayne Barnes 2008 McClain, USCG 2007 USCG 2006 Vorhees, USCG 2005 Holtzinger, USCG 2004 Wilczynski, USCG 2003 Reynolds, USCG 2002 Holzinger, USCG

2001 2000 1999

Shaffer, USCG Moore, USCG

Grasty, USCG 1998 Janice McAroy 1997 Gerald Ryan 1996 Griewank, USCG 1995 Truax, USCG 1994 Baker, USCG 1993 Mount, USCG 1992 Johnson, USCG 1991 Nicholas Yaworski 1990 Runaas, USCG 1989 Harley, USCG 1988 Gene Cunningham 1987 Jackson, USCG 1986 Dangreau, USCG 1985 Sathre, USCG 1984 Harold Spraggins 1983 Carroll, USCG 1982 Lewis, USCG 1981 Coast Guard Charles Shepherd, USCG 1980 Madden, USCG

Cowart Award

For most outstanding Coast Guard facilities engineering and civil engineering units. 2020 Civil Engineering: Facility Design & Construction Center, Norfolk, VA Facilities Engineering: Base Honolulu Facilities Engineering Department, HI 2019 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Providence, RI Facilities Engineering: Base Portsmouth Facilities Engineering Department, VA 2018 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Cleveland, OH

SAME Awards 1920-2020 Facilities Engineering: Base Cape Cod Facilities Engineering Department, MA 2017 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Oakland, CA Facilities Engineering: Aviation Training Center, Mobile, AL 2016 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Providence, RI Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Base Boston, MA 2015 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Juneau, AK Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Base Alameda, CA 2014 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Honolulu, HI Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Base Portsmouth, VA 2013 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Cleveland, OH Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater, FL 2012 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Providence, RI Facilities Engineering: Base Elizabeth City Facility Engineering Department, NC 2011 Civil Engineering: Coast Guard Training Center, Cape May, NJ Facilities Engineering: Facility Design & Construction Center, Norfolk, VA 2010 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Miami, FL Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Yard, Baltimore, MD 2009 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Juneau, AK Facilities Engineering: Base Support Unit Portsmouth, VA 2008 Civil Engineering: Facilities Design & Construction Center Atlantic, Norfolk, VA Facilities Engineering: U.S. Coast Guard Academy, CT 2007 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Oakland, CA Facilities Engineering: Integrated Support Command, Kodiak, AK 2006 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Cleveland, OH Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Yard, Baltimore, MD 2005 Civil Engineering: Civil Engineer-

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000 1999 1996 1995

ing Unit Miami, FL Facilities Engineering: Integrated Support Command, Kodiak, AK Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Cleveland, OH Facilities Engineering: Integrated Support Command, Kodiak, AK Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Providence, RI Facilities Engineering: Support Center, Elizabeth City, NC Civil Engineering: Civil Engineering Unit Miami, FL Facilities Engineering: Coast Guard Base Portsmouth, VA Civil Engineering: Facilities Design & Construction Facilities Engineering: Air Station Borinquen, PR Civil Engineering Unit Providence, RI Integrated Support Command Alameda, CA Civil Engineering Unit Oakland, CA Facilities Design & Construction

1994 Civil Engineering Unit Cleveland, OH 1993 Civil Engineering Unit Providence, RI 1992 Facilities Design & Construction Center - Atlantic 1991 Facilities Design & Construction 1990 Civil Engineering Unit Cleveland, OH 1989 Coast Guard Shore Maintenance Detachment, Honolulu, HI 1988 Coast Guard Shore Maintenance Detachment, Miami, FL 1987 Facilities Design & Construction 1986 Civil Engineering Branch, 14th Coast Guard District 1985 Civil Engineering Branch, 7th Coast Guard District 1984 Civil Engineering Branch, 9th Coast Guard District 1983 Civil Engineering Branch, 8th Coast Guard District 1982 Coast Guard Training Center, Cape May, NJ 1981 Civil Engineering Branch, 1st Coast Guard District

1980 Civil Engineering Branch, 13th Coast Guard District 1979 Civil Engineering Branch, 5th Coast Guard District 1978 Civil Engineering Branch, 1st Coast Guard District 1977 Civil Engineering Branch, 8th Coast Guard District 1976 Engineer Division, Coast Guard Activities, Europe 1975 Civil Engineering Branch, 5th Coast Guard District 1974 Civil Engineering Branch, 7th Coast Guard District 1973 Civil Engineering Branch, 17th Coast Guard District 1972 Physical Plant Division, U.S. Coast Guard Academy, CT 1971 Civil Engineering Branch, 8th Coast Guard District 1970 Civil Engineering Branch, 12th Coast Guard District 1969 Civil Engineering Branch, 11th Coast Guard District 1968 Civil Engineering Branch, 3rd Coast Guard District

U.S. Public Health Service Green Medal

For outstanding contributions to public below, or civilian or equivalent grade. 2020 Lt. Bijay Tamang, USPHS 2019 Lt. Chaolong Qi, Ph.D., USPHS 2018 Lt. Garrett Chun, USPHS 2017 Lt. Michael Shahan, USPHS 2016 Lt. Jessica Sharpe, USPHS 2015 Lt. Juliane Junes-Harvey, USPHS 2014 Lt. Praveen K.C., USPHS 2013 Lt. Maxwell Goggin-Kehm, USPHS 2012 Lt. Brandon Beckman, USPHS 2011 Lt. Travis Sorum, USPHS 2010 Lt. (j.g.) Marcus Felter, USPHS 2009 Lt. (j.g.) Bradley Sherer, USPHS 2008 Lt. Kurt Kestleloot, USPHS 2007 Lt. Benjamin Chadwick, USPHS 2006 Lt. Jennifer Caporoso, USPHS 2005 Lt. Steven Sauer, USPHS 2004 Lt. Jennifer Proctor, USPHS 2003 Lt. (j.g.) Allen Bollinger, USPHS 2002 Lt. (j.g.) Eric Lindman, USPHS 2001 Lt. Mathew Martinson, USPHS 2000 Lt. David Ausdemore, USPHS

159

Hollis Medal

For outstanding contributions to public health engineering. 2020 Cdr. Steven Sauer, USPHS 2019 Cdr. Brad Cunningham, USPHS 2018 Cdr. Varsha Savalia, USPHS 2017 Cdr. Matthew Mergenthaler, USPHS 2016 Lt. Cdr. Ryan Clapp, USPHS 2015 Lt. Cdr. Roger Hargrove, USPHS 2014 Cdr. Brian Breuer, USPHS 2013 Lt. Cdr. Weson Kenney, USPHS 2012 Lt. Cdr. Michael Termont, USPHS 2011 Lt. Cdr. Shad Schoppert, USPHS 2010 Lt. Cdr. Samuel Russell, USPHS 2009 Lt. Cdr. Kris Neset, USPHS 2008 Lt. Cdr. John David Mazorra, USPHS 2007 Lt. Cdr. Norman Hepner, USPHS 2006 Cdr. David Ausdemore, USPHS 2005 Cdr. Bradley Harris, USPHS 2004 Cdr. Anthony Zimmer, Ph.D., USPHS 2003 Capt. Gregory Stevens, USPHS 2002 Lt. Cdr. Nathan Tatum, USPHS 2001 Cdr. Michael Coene, USPHS 2000 Capt. Rao Surampalli, Ph.D., USPHS 2000 Capt. Sven Rodenbeck, Sc.D., USPHS

Cumming Award

For most outstanding Public Health Service engineering or science organization. 2020 Navajo Nation COVID-19 Water Missions Team 2019 California Area Indian Health Service – Sanitation Facilities Construction Emergency Response & Recovery Team 2018 Phoenix Area Indian Health Service, Division of Sanitation Facilities Construction 2017 Commissioned Corps Engineer Hurricane Responders 2015 National Park Service Public Health Policy Writing Subcommittees

2014 Data Collection Team - Housing Inventory Data System, Sanitation Facilities Construction Program 2012 Barrow and Nome, Alaska Replacement Hospitals Unique Tribal/Federal Partnerships 2011 Public Health Field Services Branch 2010 Sanitation Facilities Construction Program 2009 HydroCoil Embolization System Working Group, Food & Drug Administration 2008 National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch 2007 the Assistant Secretary for Preparation & Response 2006 on EPA Assignments Serving in 2005 Rural Utility Cooperative Demonstration Project, Alaska National Tribal Health Consortium 2004 Readiness and Response Group – Engineers and Environmental 2003

Readiness & Deployment

Park Service 2002 Indian Health Service Sanitation Facilities, Construction Program Headquarters 2001 World Trade Center and Anthrax Response Team, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services 2000 Dover Township Water Distribution System Modeling Team, Agency for Toxic Sub stances & Disease Registry, in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology Civil Engineering Department and Environmental Protection Agency For more historical information, including background on SAME’s namesake awards and medals, visit www.same.org/awards.

SAME Posts: 1920-2020 ALL POSTS BY YEAR ESTABLISHED, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 1920 Chicago (IL)* Cleveland (OH) Lake Superior (MN) Jacksonville (FL)* Los Angeles (CA) Milwaukee (WI) Montgomery (AL) New Orleans (LA)* New York City (NY)* Philadelphia (PA)* Pittsburgh (PA)* Portland (OR)* San Francisco (CA) St. Louis (MO)* Seattle (WA)* Wilmington (DE) 1921 Akron (OH) Baltimore (MD)* Buffalo (NY)* Denver (CO)^ Detroit (MI)^ Minneapolis-St. Paul (MN)* San Antonio (TX)^ Washington DC 1922 Boston (MA)* Duluth (MN) 1923 Manila, later Fil-Am Post (Philippines)

Charleston (WV) Cincinnati (OH)* 1930 Anchorage (AK)^ Atlanta (GA)^ State of Connecticut (CT) Dallas (TX)^ Atlantic City (NJ) 1931 Huntington (WV)* Greater Kansas City (MO)* 1935 Rock Island (IL)* 1936 Louisiana (LA) * 1940 State of Maine (ME) Omaha (NB)* Denison (TX) Charleston (SC)* Providence (RI) Columbus (OH)

Active SAME Posts as of 2020, current Region, year founded

■ Bragg-Pope-Fayetteville Post (NC), Carolinas Region, founded 1958

■ Albuquerque Post (NM), Rocky Mountain Region, founded 1955

■ Buffalo Post (NY), North Atlantic Region,

■ Anchorage Post (AK),

■ Delmarva Post (DE), North Atlantic Region,

■ Arkansas Post (AR), TEXOMA Region, ■ Atlanta Post (GA), South Atlantic Region, ■ Baltimore Post (MD), North Atlantic Region, ■ Big Sky Post (MT), Northwest Region, ■ Blue Ridge Post (VA), Middle Atlantic Region, founded 1978

■ Denver Metro Post (CO), Rocky Mountain ■ Campbell Post (KY), South Central Region, founded 1956 ■ Cape Fear Post (NC), Carolinas Region, founded 1983 ■ Carolina Midlands Post (SC), Carolinas Region, founded 1997 ■ Central Virginia Post (VA), Middle Atlantic

■ Boston Post (MA), New England Region,

1941 Canal Zone, later Panama (Canal Zone) South Florida (FL)^ Ogden (UT) 1942 Dallas (TX)* Anchorage (AK)* Richmond (VA) Fort Read (Trinidad)

Members of the Portland Post, Oregon, inspect the new city of Longview, Washington, 1923.

160

■ Charleston Post (SC), Carolinas Region,

■ Fort Benning-Columbus Post (GA), South Atlantic Region, founded 1955

■ Chesapeake Post (MD), North Atlantic Region, founded 1993

■ Fort Drum Post (NY), North Atlantic Region, founded 1986

■ Chicago Post (IL), Great Lakes Region,

■ Fort Hood Post, formerly Central Texas Post (TX), TEXOMA Region, founded 1957

■ Cincinnati Post (OH), Ohio Valley Region, ■ Coastal Carolina Post (NC), Carolinas Region, ■ Dallas Post (TX), ■ Detroit Post (MI), Great Lakes Region, ■ El Paso Post (TX), TEXOMA Region, ■ Emerald Coast Post (FL), South Central Region, founded 1998

■ Fort Leonard Wood Post (MO), Missouri River Region, founded 1955 ■ Fort Worth Post (TX), TEXOMA Region, founded 1959 ■ Frontier Post (WY), Rocky Mountain Region, ■ Gem State Post (ID), Northwest Region, ■ Great Basin Post (UT), Southwest Region,

Jacksonville (FL)* Atlanta (GA)* Pikes Peak (CO)^

Tokyo, now Japan (Japan)* Vicksburg (MS)*

1943 Detroit (MI)*

1951 Tacoma-Fort Lewis , now Mount Tacoma (WA)* Okinawa (Japan) Guam* Polaris (AK)

1944 Sacramento (CA)* 1945 Hampton Roads (VA)* Syracuse (NY) San Diego (CA)* 1946 San Antonio (TX)* Savannah (GA)* 1947 Albany-Schenectady (NY) Tulsa (OK)* 1948 Denver, now Denver Metro (CO)* Houston, later Houston-Galveston (TX)* 1949 Fort Belvoir, now Northern Virginia (VA)* Marion (OH) Arkansas (AR)* 1950 Cape Cod (MA) Mobile (AL)*

Philadelphia Post visits Fort DuPont, 1935.

161

1952 Lehigh Valley (PA) Tullahoma (TN) 1953 Kanagawa (Japan) Orlando (FL) Oxnard-Ventura (CA)* Piscataqua Post (NH)* Heidelberg (Germany) 1954 Kentuckiana (KY)* Oak Ridge (TN) 1955 Albuquerque (NM)* Casablanca (French Morocco) Fort Benning-Columbus (GA)* Foehm Wind (Newfoundland) Fort Leonard Wood (MO)* Frankfurt (Germany) Goose Bay (Labrador) Honolulu (HI)* Kaiserslautern (Germany)*

Kyushu (Japan) Naples (Italy) Wilmington (NC) Pikes Peak (CO)* 1956 Indianapolis (IN) State of Connecticut (CT) Tripoli (Libya) Mississippi Gulf Coast (MS)* Huntsville (AL)* Knoxville (TN) Fort Campbell (KY)* Paris Post (France) Walla Walla (WA) Riverdale (ND) 1957 Toul (France) Yokosuka-Yokahoma (Japan) Inland Empire (CA)* Holloman (NM) Puerto Rico (PR) Oklahoma City (OK)* London (England) Ramey (PR) Plattsburgh (NY) El Paso (TX)^ Kittyhawk (OH)* Korea (Korea)* Central Texas, later Fort Hood (TX)* 1958 Monterey (CA) Karachi (Pakistan) Tehran (Iran)

Upper Missouri (MT) Shreveport (LA) Minot (ND)^ Tuscany (Italy) Bragg-Fayetteville (NC)* Subic Bay (Philippines) 1959 Taiwan, later Sino-American (Taiwan) Memphis (TN)* Fort Worth (TX)* Galveston (TX) Canaveral (FL) Austin Post (TX) Meridian-East Mississippi (MS) Lake Charles (LA) Coastal Bend (TX) Olmsted AFB (PA) 1960 Yuma (AZ) Western New England (MA) Wiesbaden (Germany) Scott Field (IL)* Vandenburg (CA) Orleans (France) Manila (Philippines) Clark (Philippines) K.T. Sawyer (MI)

■ Greater Kansas City Post (MO), Missouri River Region, founded 1931

■ Jacksonville Post (FL), South Atlantic

■ Guam Post (Guam), founded 1951

■ Japan Post, formerly Tokyo Post (Japan),

■ Hampton Roads Post (VA), Middle Atlantic

■ Kaiserslautern Post (Germany), European Region, founded 1955

■ Honolulu (HI),

■ Kentuckiana Post (KY), Ohio Valley Region,

■ Houston-Galveston Post, (TX), formerly Houston Post, ■ Huntington Post (WV), Ohio Valley Region, founded 1931

■ Kittyhawk Post (OH), Ohio Valley Region, founded 1957 ■ Korea Post (Korea),

■ Huntsville Post (AL), South Central Region, founded 1956

■ Lake Michigan Post (WI), Great Lakes Region,

■ Illini Post (IL), Great Lakes Region, founded 1977

■ Lewis & Clark Post (WA), Northwest Region,

■ Inland Empire Post (CA), California Region, founded 1957

■ Los Angeles Post (CA), California Region,

1961 Abilene (TX) Tucson, now Southern Arizona (AZ)* Truax-Madison (WI) Montgomery (AL) South Florida (FL)*

Omaha Post’s Missouri River inspection trip, 1964.

162

SAME Posts 1920-2020

■ Louisiana Post (LA), Lower Mississippi Region, founded 1936 ■ Memphis Post (TN), Lower Mississippi Region, founded 1959 ■ Mid-Maryland Post, (MD), formerly Fort Detrick Post, North Atlantic Region,

■ Mount Tacoma Post, (WA), formerly Tacoma-Fort Lewis Post, Northwest Region, founded 1951 ■ Narragansett Bay Post (RI), New England ■ Nashville Post (TN), South Central Region, founded 1966

Black Hills (SD) Madrid (Spain) Saigon (Vietnam)

1970 Las Vegas (NV) Conrad (MT)

1962 Osan-Ni (Korea) Atlantic (Canal Zone)

1972

1963 Birmingham (AL) La Paz (Bolivia) Tampa Bay (FL)* West Point-Stewart (NY)

■ Minneapolis-St. Paul Post (MN), Great Lakes

■ New Jersey Post (NJ), North Atlantic Region, founded 1975

■ Minot Post (ND), Missouri River Region,

■ New York Capital District Post (NY), North

■ Mississippi Gulf Coast Post (MS), Lower Mississippi Region, founded 1956

■ New York City Post (NY), North Atlantic Region,

1964 Robins (GA)* Narragansett Bay (RI)*

■ Mobile Post (AL), South Central Region,

■ Northern Virginia Post, (VA), formerly Fort Belvoir Post, Middle Atlantic Region,

1965 TEXOMA (TX) Karlsruhe (Germany)

■ Oklahoma City Post (OK), TEXOMA Region, founded 1957

1966 Aleutian (AK) Nashville (TN)* Phoenix (AZ)* Donau (Germany)

■ Moody-Valdosta Post (GA), South Atlantic

1967 Cam Ranh Bay (Vietnam) Laredo (TX) Sault Ste. Marie (MI) Siam (Thailand) 1968 Korat (Thailand) Virginia Peninsula (VA)*

Heidelberg Post, Germany, passes the colors, 1975.

Future Presidents Wright, Wozny, Robbins, 1977.

163

1969 Da Nang (Vietnam)

Coastal Carolina (NC)* Panama City (FL)* 1973 Fort Riley, later Flint Hills (KS) Diego Garcia, later BIOT (British Indian Ocean Territory) 1974 Lake Michigan (WI)* 1975 Upstate New York (NY) New Jersey (NJ)* Stuttgart (Germany) 1976 Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia) 1977 Illini (IL)* Tombigbee (MS) Orange County (CA) 1978 Arnold (TN) Blue Ridge (VA)* 1979 Ellsworth AFB (SD) Williams AFB (AZ)

1980 King Khalid Military City (Saudi Arabia) Red Sea (Saudi Arabia) 1981 Rome (NY) Cochise (AZ) Lubbock (TX) 1982 Goldsboro (NC) Brazos Valley (TX) Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) 1983 Cape Fear Post (NC) Kings Bay Post (GA) Fort Leavenworth Post (KS) 1984 Anatolian (Turkey) Wiregrass (AL/TN) China Lake (CA) Alexandria (LA) Great Basin (UT)* Fort Stewart Victory (GA) Southern Nevada (NV)* 1985 Dexheim (Germany) Barstow (CA) Edwards AFB (CA) Northern Bavaria (Germany) Cleveland (OH) Lajes Field (Azores) 1986 Air Capital (KS)

Anatolian (Turkey) Cotswold (England) East Anglia (England) Fort Drum (NY)* Indianapolis (IN) Loring (ME) 1987 Guantanamo Bay (Cuba) West Berlin (Germany) Muleskinners (KS) Victor Valley (CA) Red River (TX) 1988 Thule-Arctic (Greenland) Northeast Wisconsin (WI) Polaris (AK) Eifel (Germany) Key West (FL)

■ Omaha Post (NE), Missouri River Region, ■ Oxnard-Ventura Post (CA), California Region, founded 1953 ■ Orange County Post (CA), California Region, founded 1977 ■ Panama City (FL), South Central Region, ■ Pensacola (FL), South Central Region, ■ Pikes Peak Post (CO), Rocky Mountain Region, founded 1955 ■ Piscataqua Post (NH), New England Region, founded 1953 ■ Philadelphia Post (PA), North Atlantic Region,

1989 Kaohsung (Taiwan) Yuma (AZ) Tularosa Basin (NM)* Austin Post (TX) Williams Field (AZ)

■ Phoenix Post (AZ), Southwest Region, founded 1966 ■ Pittsburgh Post (PA), Ohio Valley Region, ■ Portland Post (OR), Northwest Region, ■ Rhein-Main Post (Germany), European Region, founded 1996 ■ Robins Post (GA), South Atlantic Region, ■ Rock Island Post (IL), Great Lakes Region, founded 1935 ■ Sacramento Post (CA), California Region, ■ San Antonio Post (TX), TEXOMA Region, ■ San Diego Post (CA), California Region,

1990 New York Capital District Post (NY)* Northern Japan Post (Japan) Moody-Valdosta Post (GA)* 1991 Northern Iraq (Iraq) Incirlik AB (Turkey)

St. Louis Post receives Gold Award, 1999.

164

NYC Post’s 75th Annual Dinner Dance, 2015.

SAME Posts 1920-2020

■ San Francisco Post (CA), California Region,

■ Tampa Bay Post (FL), South Atlantic Region, founded 1963

■ Savannah Post (GA), South Atlantic Region,

■ Tennessee Valley Post (TN), South Central

■ Scott Field Post (IL), Missouri River Region,

■ Tularosa Basin Post (NM), Rocky Mountain Region, founded 1989

■ Seattle Post (WA),

■ Tulsa Post (OK),

■ Southern Arizona Post (AZ), formerly Tucson Post, Southwest Region, Founded 1961

■ United Kingdom Post (England), European

■ Southern Nevada Post (NV), Southwest Region,

■ Vicksburg Post (MS), Lower Mississippi Region,

■ South Florida Post (FL), South Atlantic Region, founded 1961

■ Virginia Peninsula Post (VA), Middle Atlantic Region, founded 1968

■ Space Coast Post (FL), South Atlantic Region,

■ Washington DC Post (DC), Middle Atlantic

■ St. Louis Post (MO), Missouri River Region,

■ Wichita Mountains Post (OK/TX), TEXOMA

1992 Pensacola (FL)* Kintai (Japan) Gem State (ID)* Space Coast Post (FL)* Delmarva Post (DE)*

2003 Frontier (WY)*

1993 Chesapeake (MD)* United Kingdom (England)

2005 Fort Detrick, now Mid-Maryland (MD)* Bahrain (Bahrain)

1995 Trinacria (Sicily)

2006 Kuwait (Kuwait)

1996 Rhein-Main (Germany)*

2008 Middle East (Iraq) High Plains (WY)

1997 Carolina Midlands (SC)* Dolomiti (Italy)

2010 Central Virginia (VA)*

1998 Emerald Coast (FL)* 1999 Concho Valley (TX/ Goodfellow AFB) 2000 Cairo (Egypt) Rota (Spain) Fort Riley (KS) Black Hills (SD) Lewis & Clark (WA)* El Paso (TX)*

San Antonio Post participates in STEM Fest, 2019.

San Diego Post Toys for Tots Drive, 2020.

165

2001 Big Sky (MT)*

2004 Bagdhad (Iraq) Doha (Qatar)

2011 Wichita Mountains (TX/ OK)* 2016 Tennessee Valley (TN)* 2018 Minot (North Dakota)* 2020 United Kingdom (UK)* * Posts still in existence in ^ Posts that were established, closed, and then reestablished at a nearby location under a new charter and/or different name.

Index Page numbers in bold refer to sidebars 2nd Combined Arms Battalion, 178th Infantry, 75 9/11 event, 73, 139 “12 Actions for Change,” 80, 140 21 Delta Search, 62 23rd Marine Regiment, Iraq, 78 24th Infantry Division, Operation Desert Storm, 79 26th Engineer Battalion, 61 29th Engineers, lithograph process room, 22 37th Infantry Division, 40 72nd Engineering Company, Operation Desert Storm, 79 175th Cyberspace Operations Group, 75 238th Combat Engineers, European WWII experience, 43 275th Cyber Operations Squadron, 75 282nd Aviation Battalion, post-Hurricane Katrina, 80 302nd Engineer Regiment, roadway repair, 21 882nd Engineer Company, in Gabarone (Botswana), 97 2025 SAME Strategic Plan, 62, 87, 96, 104, 105, 116, 122 and collaboration, 123–124 history and the future, 118 mission-centric goals, 118, 119

Abbott, Henry, 20 Academy of Fellows, 76, 77, 123, 138 Golden Eagle Awards, 111

support to Posts, 71 Adametz, John, on response urgency, 105 Adams, Jerome, 106, 107 Addison, Mickey, at Centennial commemoration, 106 A/E/C industry, 63 and military, relationship, 90, 93 and SAME, 18, 40, 46, 52, 63, 96 in Saudi Arabia, 63 and SBC, 98 and TISP, 84, 87 in TME, 27 veterans, transition into, 62–64, 71, 81, 103, 118, 133 and women, 76 AEF (American Expedition Forces), 35 Afghanistan contractors in, 90 infrastructure, SAME support, 139 military engineers in, 78, 81–82 SAME members in, 73, 82 terrorists, denying base for, 139, 140 Air Force Academy Engineering & Construction Camp, 69 Allen, John, Jr., 108 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, 140 Anchorage Post, annual banquet (2020), 71 Angelides, Philios, 18 Apollo Program, 135 Army 6th Engineers, World War I experience, 16–17 Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) basis for SAME, 46

166

Bonneville Dam, 40 computers, early use, 135 Covid-19 hospital conversion, 108 “Essayons” motto, 40 Fort Peck Dam, 40 Itschner Award, 110 Professional Memoirs becoming TME, 25 public works projects, pre-WW II, 40 at SAME event, 49 support during WW II, 40 water resource management, 136 WW I challenges, 16 Army Engineer Special Brigade, during WW II, 46

Bachus, Walter, 53, 77, 93, 110, 121, 136 Baghdad Post, 82 Bailey, Ethel, 74–76 first female SAME member, 39, 130 Bakenhus, R.E., 43 on unified command and collaboration, 52 Barnes, Wendell “Buddy,” 9, 107, 123 promoting SAME, 98 in TME on non-metal explosives detection, 61 Basic Officer Leadership Course, 124 Battle of the Bulge, combat engineers in, 43 Bell, J. Franklin, on SAME support, 48–49, 121 BEST Robotics Competition, 70 Black, William Murray, 34, 42, 130 “association of engineers,” proposition, 19 biography, 17 first SAME President, 16, 17

on SAME growth, 20, 26 Bliss, Tasker, 112 Bliss Medal, 112 Blount, Michael, on women in SAME, 76 Bond, Paul, 133 Bonneville Dam (1935), 84, 132 Bosnia, military engineers in, 47 Bostick, Tom, 62 Boubede, Adam, on active SAME membership, 49 Boulder Dam. See Hoover Dam Bradley, Omar, 64 Bratton, J. K., 18, 137 Bratz, Gordon, 26, 81, 82 Brown, Gerald “Jed,” 111, 123, 138 built environment, 98, 139 Bureau of Yards and Docks, 44 Burgess, George, 19 Burgos, Mario, 127 Burke, Pearl, first female Fellow, 76 Byers, Timothy, 141

CADD systems, introduction, 137 Camp Coyote (Kuwait), 79 Camp Lejeune, storm damage, 84 Camp Pendleton, 117 Camp Rousseau, Port Hueneme (CA), 37 Camps map of current, 100–101 See also specific Camps Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, rocket launch, 120

Capital Week events, 98 Carter, Theresa, on SAME’s value to military, 49 Centennial commemoration at JETC, virtual, 48, 106, 107 CEO Roundtables, 18, 78 cost engineering, 68–70 launch, 79 membership, 98 CFAY (Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka), 108 challenge coins, 113 Chamot, Emile, 11 Charter members, 95 membership build-up, supporting, 33–34 veterans, 20 Chickamauga Lock Replacement Project (TN), 85 civilian contractors in Global War on Terror, 74 long-term contracts, 138 national security, inclusion in, 74 and SAME governance, 74 in Vietnam War, 61, 89–90 on Wake Island, 97 See also collaboration; military-private collaboration Clay, Lucius, SAME charter member, 20 Clean Air Act, 136 Clean Water Act, 136 climate change, challenges, 115 Coast Guard at Barrow (AK), 117 SAME facilitating collaboration for, 47 COI (Communities of Interest), 18, 67, 99

167

Colbert, Leo Otis, 132 Colbert Medal, 110 Cold War, 27, 47, 51, 52, 135 military engineers during, 51 SAME addressing new threats, post-Cold War, 52 U.S. military involvement, post war-era, 73 collaboration in changing environment, 123–124 civilian-military, 23–24, 58 public-private sector, 78–81, 85, 91, 133, 137 SAME focus on, 81 SAME promotion of, 48 worldwide, 59 College Outreach, 99, 120 combat engineers Air Force introducing, 52 in D-Day invasion, 43 dual role, 44 in Guadalcanal battle, 43 key roles in battles, 43 in Korean War, 43, 46, 59–60 mobile units, 60 shifting role, 135 “tunnel rats,” 61 in Vietnam War, 60, 135 Community of Interest, creation, 77 Corps of Engineers Transatlantic Division Leadership Team, at Mosul Dam, 103 COVID-19 vaccination, onboard CFAY, 108 Curtin Award, 110 Curtiss, C.D., 134

cyber attacks growing risk, 115, 141 new battle ground, 139 cybersecurity, 56, 96, 126 initiatives, 24 and national defense, 138 in TME, 29 Cybersecurity for infrastructure Task Force, 141 cyberwarfare, 74, 75

Darrow, Michael, 42 on infrastructure challenges, 119 David M. Fraser Award, 112 Dawes, Charles (Nobel Peace Prize 1928), 11, 20, 30, 34, 130 biography, 35 certificate signed by, 11 “Hell’n Maria Dawes,” 35 Dawes Plan, 35, 130 D-Day invasion, combat engineers in, 43 Department of Veterans Affairs, 47, 88 Desport, Nick, 48 DHS (Department of Homeland Security), 73, 82, 139 DiGeronimo, Suzanne, Golden Eagle Award, 76, 77 Donahue, James, on SAME support of Coast Guard, 47

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 56, 58 Ellis, George, 70, 137

engineer development programs, 119–121 Engineering & Construction Camps, 9, 42, 139 SAME Foundation support, 81 students at, 85, 104, 125 engineering “arms race,” 19 Engineering Chiefs role, 42 and SAME, restructured relationship, 87 TME, articles in, 46, 63 USAG members, 88 engineering community, needs between WWI and WWII, 24 Engle, Gary, 104 Environmental Community of Interest, 141 “Environmental Enhancement Through Military Engineering” (SAME theme 1989), 64 Environmental Protection Agency, 48 Eulberg, Del, 87, 88 Executive Advisory Group, 47, 88 Executive Directors (XDs), 121, 122, 143

F-35 Centralized Engine Repair Facility & Pilot Fit Facility, 93 facilities engineers, 136 Facilities Management Workshops, 98, 120 FAST START, 70, 92, 134, 137, 138 Federal Aid Highway Act (1956), 56, 134 federal highway map (1958), 56 Federal Small Business Conference. See Small Business Conference (SAME) Felton, Samuel Morse, 34

168

Field Chapters map (worldwide), 102 Fisher, Marvin, on enhancing SAME experience (2018), 99 five-year strategic plan. See 2025 SAME Strategic Plan flood control, 40 Flood Control Act of 1928 and 1936, 40, 132 Flowers, Robert, 82, 139 Fort Peck Dam, 40, 132 Fort Shafter Post, 92 Fourth Industrial Revolution, impact, 115

Geary, Michael, 106 geospatial information systems, 139 Gerald C. Brown Mentoring Award (2018), 111 GI Bill, 62 Gibson, Ed, 62 Gibson Veteran Transition Medal, 62 Gilbert, William, 137 Glenn, John, liftoff, 59 Global War on Terror engineering support, 27, 62, 73, 78, 81–82, 140 military and civilian engineers in, 74 TME on engineering support for, 78 Goddard, Guy on importance of Sustaining Members, 91 Goethals, George, 20, 112 Goethals Medal, 112 Gold Book Directory of Sustaining Members, 91 Golden Eagle Awards, 111 governance, 123–124

Index

private-sector companies, inclusion, 74 SAME model, new, 8, 47, 74, 87–88, 92, 141 structure, landmark changes, 122 USAG, establishment, 88 Governance Task Force, formation, 87 Grand Coulee Dam, 41, 132 Gray, Carl, on SAME’s contribution to military profession, 49 Great Depression SAME during, 43, 131, 132 TME during, 131 Greater Kansas City Post, Veterans Transition Workshop, 62 Greenfield, Seymour, 64, 136 Groves, Leslie, 55, 133 Guadalcanal battle, combat engineers in, 43 Guam Post, sponsoring STEM Camp, 128 Gulf War. See Iraq

Habibnezhad, Mahmoud, 106 Hall, W.C., on TME’s information value, 27, 47–48 Handley, Mark, 116 addressing Seabees, 48 on SAME meeting changing needs, 127 on SAME opportunities, 119 Harding, Warren G., 33, 35 Hatch, Henry, 79, 138 “Hell’n Maria Dawes,” 35 Hofmann, Tony, 62 Hoover Dam, 40, 131 Hoover, Herbert, 30, 39, 130

Hopson, Emma, student at SAME conference, 107 Houston-Galveston Post, 91 Huntsville Post, “Engineer’s Run,” 66 Hurricane Katrina, SAME member response, 80, 140

IGE (industry-government engagement), 90 efforts and events, 98–99 Post support, 68 and SAME, 18 strengthening, 96–98 virtual events, 99 industry-government cooperation, history, 89–90 infrastructure recovery, 140 resilience, 85 Iraq Baghdad Post, 82 contractors in, 90 military engineers in, 78, 81–82 Post in northern, 68 SAME members in, 73, 82 Iron Curtain, 51 Itschner Award, 110, 112 Itschner, Emerson, 36, 135

JER (Joint Ethics Regulation), 87 Impact on SAME’s government structure, 122 JETC (Joint Engineer Training Conference), 78, 120 activities (2019), 86

169

Centennial commemoration, virtual, 48, 96, 106, 107, 108 education and training, 100 IGE support, 98 Table Top Exercises at, 46 Johnson, Harold, on combat engineers in Vietnam, 60 Johnson, H.O., 136 Johnson, Monroe, 35 Joint Chiefs of Staff, establishment, 133 Joint Engineer Contingency Operations Committee, 76 Joint Engineer Contingency Operations Community of Interest, 48 “Just One More,” SAME theme, 103

K-12 STEM Outreach Community of Interest (COI), 120 Karl, Stephen, 29, 127 on TME history and future, 30 Karo Award, 110 Kennedy, John F., challenge to engineering community, 135 King Khalid Military City (KKMC) Post, 68 Kittrell, Clark, 40 Kohloss, F.H., 121 Korean War, 27, 47, 110, 134 combat engineers’ involvement, 43, 46, 59–60 Korka, John, 124 Kurka, Miro, on 2025 Strategic Plan, 96–98

Lackland Air Force Base, HDR Super Clinic, 91 LDP (Leader Development Program), 81, 103, 111, 121–123 Leader Development Community of Interest, 42 leadership development at SAME, 42–44, 121 positions, rules for, 35–36 League of Nations, 34 Lee, John C.H., 20 Lejeune, John, 39, 130 Leketa, Tony, 87, focus on cybersecurity, 141 Lincicome, Cindy, 8–9 Lincoln Tunnel, 40 Lohr, Lenox, 20, 55, 121, 134 long-term contracts, private industry, 138 Louisiana Post, Sustaining Member support, 92–93 Lupia, Eugene, 110 Lute, Douglas, Golden Eagle Award, 111

MacArthur, Douglas, 20, 134 on SAME membership, 23–24 MacDonald, Thomas, on inadequate highways (1949), 56 MacKenzie, Alister, 39, 131 McChrystal, Stanley, 106 McKnight, Linda, Golden Eagle Award, 111 Manhattan Project, 133 TME on SAME involvement, 55 Manning, John, 134

on SAME’s first three decades, 44 on TME future (1950), 134 Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command, 117 Marini, Robert, 90, 138 Markham, Edward, 17 Matthews, Francis, on engineers in Korean War, 59–60 Maune, David, 79, 138 Mechtly, Victoria, on mentoring, 120–121 Meeting & Exposition Department, SAME, 85 Membership Community of Interest, 76, 77–78 Merdinger, Charles, 1957 Toulmin Medal, 110 military engineers, 39 civic projects, growing, 55 international civic responsibilities, 53 international post-WWII projects, 52 in Iraq, 78, 81–82 learning from experience, 17 new challenges, 136 in Operation Desert Shield, 79, 138 Purple Heart awards, 62 in Vietnam and Bosnia, 47 world-wide projects, post-Pearl Harbor, 43 in WWII battles, 43 Military-Industrial Conferences, 57–58, 60, 134 military-private collaboration, 23–24, 57, 58, 74, 85, 90, 92 See also civilian contractors Milwaukee Post, Great Lakes Training Station, 69 Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp, liberation, 43 Mix, Nelson, on SAME’s inclusiveness, 48 Mobile Construction Battalion 4, construction in

170

Indo-Pacific region, 83 Mogge, John Jr. on national security, 123 SAME definition, 71 on support of young men and women, 115 Montoya, Benjamin, 64 Moreell, Ben (“King Bee”), 34, 35, 133 biography, 36 “military engineering,” on use of, 64 SAME medal, named after, 110, 112 on science and technology advances, 136, 136 Seabees, Father of, 36, 44, 133 Morris, John, 112, 137 strategy to grow Sustaining Members, 63, 92 Mossey, Christopher, 62, 141 Mosul Task Force, 103

NASA Vehicle Assembly Building, Cape Canaveral, 112 Nash, Dave, 110 national defense, post-Cold War support, 73 National Engineers Week, STEM students at, 125 National Museum of the Marine Corps, 116 National Security Act (1947), 51, 133 national security, Schroedel on SAME and, 10–11 Navy SEALs, room and board for, 97 Navy SEAL Training Center, 105 NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act), 64, 136 New Deal, military engineering community role, 40 Newman, James B., SAME Medal named after, 110, 112 Niemeyer, Lucian, 141 Nodjomian, Sal, 85, 98

Index

on SAME Strategic Plan Task Force, 118–119 in TME on SAME a volunteer organization, 67 Northern Iraq Post, 68

Offutt Air Force Base, 90 Okinawa Post, recognition, 68 Oklahoma City bombing, 84 Oklahoma City Post, response to bombing, 70 Operation Desert Shield, military engineers in, 79, 138 Operation Joint Endeavor, 138–139 Oren, John B., SAME Medal named after, 110 Outreach Community of Interest (COI), 120, 126 Overseas Highway, Florida Keys, 40

Parsons, William Barclay, 90, 92, 130 Patrick, Mason, 20, 34 U.S. Air Force creation, 131 Peltier Award, 110 Penny, Jane, biography, 76 Perkins, Albert, 34 Pershing, John, on collaboration in TME, 23, 93 PFAS Task Force, 141 Posts activities, report on, 68 boundaries and disciplines, relationships postCold War, 74 Centennial Celebrations, shift to virtual, 107 characteristics and structure, 68–69 current (1920-2020), 160–165

establishment of, 12, 19, 130 and FAST START, 70, 92 formation, vision and scope, 65–66 IGE events at, 98–99 international, growing, 52 local, concept, 26 map of current (U.S.), 100–101 map of current (worldwide), 102 military engineering progress, expansion, 135 outreach events, 120 overseas activities, 67–68 response to natural disasters, 70–71 and SAME, links, 71 STEM youth programs, supporting, 68 and trust building, 12, 71, 99, 135 volunteers at, 67 See also specific Posts Prime BEEF (Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force), establishment, 60–61, 135 Professional Memoirs (Army Corps of Engineers), 19 becoming TME, 25, 26 Public Agency Sustaining Members, 91 Public Health Service, 48, 49 Purple Heart awards, military engineers, 62

Rapp, Edward, on FAST START, 92 reconstruction, 78, 112, 140 RED HORSE (Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer), establishment, 60–61, 135

171

resilience building and sustaining, 84–85 of built environment, 139 definition, 84 energy and security, 105, 116 infrastructure, 24, 29, 52, 64, 85 SAME focus on, 80, 84 technologies, 134 and TISP, 87 Resilience Community of Interest, 87 “Resilience and Preparedness” (TME), 116 Reybold, Eugene, in TME on highway inadequacy (1995), 56 Riggs, Louis, on benefits to Sustaining Members, 93 RMK-BRI, role in Vietnam War, 61 Robbins, C.B., 131 on industry-government cooperation (1928), 89 Roberts, Caroline, 42 on infrastructure challenges, 119 Robinson, B.L., 60 Rose, Steven, 48 Rose, William, 44, 133 Rosen, Hal, 113 ROTC rifle match, 66 Rowe, Mike, at Centennial commemoration, 106

SAME 1920 Constitution, 46 21st century challenges and outlook, 127–128 activities, scope, 24

activities, challenges and evolution, 23 activities, report on, 68 adaptation (2005-2019), 140–141 and A/E/C community, 18, 40, 46, 52, 63, 96 approaches, changing, 52 awards program, 109–110 awards to Sustaining Members, 92 between WWI and WWII, 130–132 Century House, national headquarters, 53 core mission, 24 COVID-19 response, 96 creation and evolution, 18 on declining infrastructure and national security, 64 defense and military engineering, adapting to changes, 63 diversity, 21st century challenges, 127 emblem, 20 emerging challenges, meeting, 126–127 and energy independence, 136 entering 21st century (1990-2004), 138–139 enterprise management system, 127 environmental impacts, addressing, 136 establishment and core mission, 8, 11–12, 19 event exhibits, 87 first annual meeting, 16, 19 focus, changing, 63–64 focus on preparedness and collaboration, impact on WWII, 34, 43, 47 formation, 130 forum for military engineers, 36–40 founding of, 15

and the future, 13, 141 geopolitical landscape, changing, 137 headquarters office, 33, 34, 53 inclusiveness, 12–13, 40, 76, 77, 90 industry-government engagement, 90, 127, 128 innovations, involvement in, 44 “integrators,” building, 42 members, forward looking, 40–43 military-civilian cooperation, post-WW II, 57 and military, evolution of relationship, 49 military and humanitarian missions, 103–105 mission, 34 multidiscipline study, 137 national security support, 128 new challenges (1950-1969), 134–135 newsletter, introduction of printed, 30, 31 operation and support, change, 85 portfolio of activities and relationships (2020), 95–96 post 9/11, 81, 139 post-WWII technology advances, challenges and continuing education, 55–57 President’s position requirements (post2012), 46 Presidents, shift to civil ranks, 92 private-sector companies, inclusion in national security, 74 professional development, 103 programs, expanding line of, 85–87 project costs, addressing, 141 readiness, culture of, 138 status (2020), 99–100

172

strategic planning continuity, 122 and trust, government-industry, 11, 13, 95, 96, 122, 140 “unified” approach to services, 51–52 versatility, increasing (1970-1989), 136–137 virtual chapters, 99, 123 virtual learning opportunities, 100 vision (2020), 96 volunteer organization, 67 women, growing membership, 74–76 young engineers and scientists, development, 100–103, 139 SAME Academy of Fellows Golden Eagle Award, 76 SAME Awards named after military and civilians, 112 recipients, 109–112, 110, 150–159 SAME Camps Program, 123 SAME Centennial Commission, 10 SAME civic action symposium (1965), reports on international projects, 53 SAME Design Award (2020), 91 SAME Fellows, 123, 144–148 SAME Foundation establishment, 81, 141 leadership investment, 42 SAME members evolution with expanding needs, post-Cold War, 73–74 forward looking, 40–43 as integrators, 42 professional development opportunities, 120 SAME membership, 131

Index

buildup, 33–34 certificate (1928), 11 enlisted personnel inclusion, 77 growth, first year, 20 post-Vietnam, 61–63 pre-WWII, 40, 43 professional disciplines, expansion, 76–77 qualifications for, 39 transcending boundaries, 23, 46 SAME Posts. See Posts; and specific Posts SAME Presidents, 142–143 SAME Regional Vice Presidents Medals, 111 SAME Strategic Plan (2025). See 2025 SAME Strategic Plan San Antonio Post, supporting BEST Robotics Competition, 70 San-Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, 40, 131 Schroedel, Joseph, 78, 121, 128 on 21st century challenges, 124 at Centennial commemoration, 106 on SAME past, present, and future, 11–13 on SAME recognitions, 112 Schulz, John, 1957 Gold Medal, 110 Seabees, 48, 133, 136 Afghanistan departure, 82 Construimus, Batuimus, motto, 36 in the field, 48, 75 formation of, 44 and Susan Hayward, 37 seals, of major uniformed services, 45 Secretary of Defense, SAME advisory role to Office of, 47

Semonite, Todd, 105 Seymour S. Greenfield Sustaining Member Award, 112 Shields, Marvin Glenn, 112 Shields Medal, 112 Silver Medals, 111 Small Business Conference (SAME), 46, 86, 120, 140 for A/E/C industry, 98 education and training, 100 Society of American Engineers (SAME). See SAME space, challenge for national security, 126 STEM Posts supporting youth programs, 68 SAME support, 100 STEM Camp, at Guam Post, 128 STEM Camps, 42, 85, 88 STEM/Engineering & Construction Camps, 42 STEM pipeline, 24, 71 outreach and education, 104–105 Strategic Partnership Program, 81 Strategic Plan Task Force, 118–119 Streamer programs, 68, 111 Strock, Carl, 140 on resilience and risk management, 80 Suez Canal clearance project, 54 TME about, 58–59 Sustaining Members, 74, 90–91, 143 categories, 91 creation, 134 disaster and conflict response support, 93 and FAST START, 70, 92 Gold Book Directory, 91

173

roles of, 63 SAME enabling success of, 91–92 SAME readiness efforts, 92 terrorist attacks, dealing with, 93 trust, government-private industry, 93 value in return for SAME support, 93

Table Top Exercises, 18, 98 at JETC, 46 SAME conducting annual, 78–81 Talley, Benjamin, 71 technology, challenge for national security, 126 Tehran Post, Iranian government honoring, 68 Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, military-private sector engineers’ collaboration, 85 terrorism, 73, 84, 116 effect on SAME, 82 post-Cold War, 52 SAME members, involvement in fighting, 95 The Military Engineer (TME) on 238th Combat Engineers’ WWII experience, 43 branch engineering programs, 136 commemorative issues, 29 contributors, growth of, 130 debut of, 15 design shifts, 28, 29 dialogue, emphasis on, 40 early coverage, 19 editorial department, evolution, 29 energy issues, 29, 141

engineering efforts, post-war coverage, 27, 29 grassroots-focused philosophy, 29 Great Depression, during, 131 history of SAME, chronicling, 25, 26, 30 Hurricane Katrina, lessons learned, 80 on innovations by SAME members, 44 January-February 2020, new technologies and threats, 105 on Korean War, involvement of engineers, 59–60 launching of, 19 November-December 2020 issue, highlighting construction efforts, 116 objectives, 39 online, 29–30 on overseas civic projects, 53–55 pre-WW II growing trends, 43 on private-sector companies and national security, 74 and Professional Memoirs, editorial differences, 26–27 Professional Memoirs relaunched as, 19 “Profiles of a Sustaining Member,” series, 63 on “Resilience and Preparedness,” 116 San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, coverage, 38 on technology and engineering developments, 63 technology transfer issue (1983), 137 on veterans’ rights, 62 Vietnam War, articles on, 135 WWII, look back on, 26

threats, SAME response to emerging, 115–116 Tinker Air Force Base (1984 fire), military-private cooperation, 90, 92 TISP (Infrastructure Security Partnership), SAME administration, 87 Torgerson, Ronald, 110 Toulmin Medal, 110 Transition Workshop & Job Fair, 62, 125 trust building, 42, 46 and effective collaboration, 18 illustration, 92 See also Posts; SAME; Sustaining Members Tudor, Ralph A., 112 Tulsa Post, IGE Workshop on cost engineering (2019), 68–70 “tunnel rats,” 61 Tyndall AFB, unmanned vehicle testing, 120

uniformed services, and SAME, 45–47 United States, military engineers’ support, 134 Urbahn, Max, 112 Urbahn Medal, 112 USAG (Uniformed Services Advisory Group), 47, 88 See also Executive Advisory Group U.S. Air Force Academy Engineering & Construction Camp, students at, 69 U.S. Air Force, establishment, 134 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. See Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) U.S. Army Pacific Mission Command Facility, 92

174

U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 45-46, 110 U.S. Coast Guard. See Coast Guard U.S. Navy Seabees. See Seabees U.S. Space Force, 126

Vanderbilt, Cornelius, III, 34 veterans A/E/C industry, transition into, 71, 81, 103, 118 assistance, 62, 67, 68, 95, 121, 133, 141 government aid, 62 opportunities for, 134 post-WWII in TME, 133 STEM programs, helping wounded, 68 Transition Workshop (Kansas City Post), 62 Vietnam War Air Force combat engineering, introduction of, 52 civilian contractors, 61, 89–90 combat engineers’ involvement, 47, 60, 135 Volpe, John, 67, 68 volunteers, 12–13 and Communities of Interest, 67, 68 importance to SAME, 67 leadership role, 76, 87, 122 and SAME, 46–47, 67 STEM camp involvement, 120 volunteer troops, 17

Waesche, R.R., 35 Wake Island, civilian contractors on, 97

Index

Walker, Larry, on security for stabilization, 78 Wallace, Henry, 39 Walter O. Bachus Gold Medal, 109–110 Warrior Transition Task Force, 62 Washington, D.C. Post, 18, 66, 92 Water Resources Development Act, 137 Weeks, John, 39, 130 Wheeler, Raymond Albert, 29 at Suez Canal, 54, 58 Wiggins, J. Russell, at SAME Annual Meeting (1947), 133 Williams, Henry, 110 Wilson Dam, 19 Wilson, W.K., presenting Certificate of Sustaining Membership, 89 Wishart-Smith, Heather at Centennial commemoration, 106 on COVID-19 disruptions, 107–108 on Fellows, 111 Gerald C. Brown Mentoring Award, recipient, 111 on public-sector involvement, 88 on SAME ethical organization, 122 on SAME meeting changing needs, 127 SAME mission-focused activities, expansion, 99 on small business importance, 98 on value to SAME members, 128 Wolff, Robert, 81, 121, 122, 140 women in SAME, 74–76 Wounded Warrior Task Force, 62, 141 Wright, Clifton D. “Duke,” on Tinker Air Force Base

fire response, 92 WWI (World War I), engineer’s war, 15 WW II (World War II) military engineers in, 43 recruiting poster, 44 SAME during, 132–133 TME documentation during, 40

Youngberg, Gilbert, 36, 133 on SAME’s success, 122 on TME’s expanding mission, 133

Photo Credits

Cover: Library of Congress Chapter 1 & In Focus: p14, 17, 10, 23: Library of Congress Chapter 2 & In Focus: p32, 34, 35, 41, 44: Library of Congress; p33: Emil A. Press Slide Collection, Historical Society of Washington, D.C; p36, 37: U.S. Navy Seabee Museum; p43: German Federal Archives/ Wikimedia Commons Chapter 3 & In Focus: p50: Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection, 19201976, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Department of Transportation, NASA, Library of Congress; p54: Danish Maritime Museum/ Wikimedia Commons; p56: Department of Transportation, Library of Congress; p57: Missouri Department of Transportation (2); p58: Library of Congress; p59: NASA; p62: Franklin D. Roosevelt

175

Presidential Library and Museum; p64: Kevin Rofidal, United States Coast Guard Chapter 4 & In Focus: p74: Staff Sgt. Evelyn Chavez/ U.S. Air Force; p75: (bottom left) Lt. Richard L. Li/U.S. Army, (right) Tech. Sgt. Erik Gudmundson/ U.S. Air Force; p79: (top) U.S. Army, (Bottom Left), Spc. Henry/U.S. Army, (right) Lance Cpl. Kevin Quihuis Jr./ U.S. Marines; p80: (left) Staff Sgt. Jacob N. Bailey/ U.S. Air Force, (right) Department of Defense (2); p82: (top) Spc. Luke Thornberry/ U.S. Army, (bottom) Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Michael B. p83: Equipment Operator 2nd Class Cyril Conanan/ U.S. Navy; p84: (bottom) FBI.gov; p85: (top) Public Affairs Specialist, U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville, (bottom) Lee Roberts/ USACE Chapter 5 & In Focus: p97: Department of Defense; p108: (top) Brigida Sanchez/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, (bottom) Ryo Isobe/ U.S. Navy; p110: (Newman) Lane Brothers Commercial Photographers Photographic Collection, 1920-1976, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library; p112: Library of Congress (2), (Urbahn) courtesy of Raphael Stein/ Urbahn Architects PLLC, NASA Chapter 6: p114: Adobe stock (2), NASA; p117: (top left) Nyxo Lyno Cangemi/ U.S. Coast Guard, (bottom left) Lance Cpl. Joshua Murray / U.S. Marine Corps, Staff Sgt. Jacob Osborne/ U.S. Marine Corps; p120: (top) Joshua Conti/ U.S. Air Force, (bottom) Airman 1st Class Tiffany Price/ U.S. Air Force All others: Courtesy of SAME and TME archives.

What Was True Then Is Even Truer Now “The patriotic interest in national defense which is now so apparent amongst our citizens of all classes, must be fully capitalized before it cools off and leaves us again in the apathetic state of pre-war days. “As an important means to this worthy end, we are establishing at this time a Society of American Military Engineers. This Society will serve no selfish ends. It is dedicated to patriotism and national security. Its objects are, in brief, to promote solidarity and cooperation between engineers in civil and military life, to disseminate technical knowledge bearing upon progress in the art of war and the application of engineering science thereto, and to preserve and maintain the best standards and traditions of the profession, all in the interests of patriotism and national security. “Eligibility qualifications for membership in this Society are drawn on the broadest possible lines consistent with the achievement of its aims.” —The Military Engineer, January-February 1920

176

One hundred years down, hundreds more to go—and you’re a key part of this history! “The Society has successfully passed through the period in the experience of similar organizations when the question of continued existence is always in doubt. An organization starts with flattering prospects; it prospers for a while; then a period of reaction occurs, and the initial enthusiasm is chilled. The records show that our own Society has triumphed over all these dangers. It is because those who were responsible for the organization of the Society built it on a sound foundation, with living and enduring principles as its actuating spirit.” —William Barclay Parsons, 1922

Society of American Military Engineers $69.50 ISBN 978-0-578-90746-8

56950>

9 780578 907468