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The Carbon Market: A Primer for Airports
Table 10.
Renewable technologies and airport applications.
Technology Solar
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General Considerations Derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation. Different technologies convert solar power differently - Photovoltaics (PV) generate electric power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors. - Other solar technologies capture the thermal energy (heat) from the sun to generate electricity or provide heat. Geographic location and other climate factors impact the amount of power a given solar project can generate. In some jurisdictions, the value of a solar REC is substantially higher than that of other renewable technologies.
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Wind
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Geothermal
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Hydropower
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Biomass
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Converts wind energy into electricity using wind turbines. Geographic location and physical features of site impact the amount of power a given project can generate.
Utilizes the geothermal energy contained in the earth’s core to generate electricity. Geothermal reservoirs are often deep underground, not accessible everywhere. Ground sourced heating and cooling does not require geothermal reservoirs. One of the oldest and most widely used forms of renewable power. Uses the gravitational force behind falling or flowing water to generate electricity. New technologies are gaining some prominence, including pumped-storage and tidal power. Generally involves combusting biomass material from living or recently living organisms such as wood, waste, and alcohol fuels. Definitions of what constitutes biomass can vary widely
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Airport Considerations PV represents the most likely solar technology for airport roofs and/or lands. On a $/unit of energy basis it is often more expensive than other forms of renewable energy; however, it is also one of the most applicable current technologies for airports. Represents currently the most popular form of renewable projects for airports. “Technical Guidance for Evaluating Selected Solar Technologies on Airports” was published by the FAA in November 2010. This document provides detailed siting, operational, and financial considerations for airport operators evaluating PV at their airport. Installation of PV at airports may improve air quality and is eligible for FAA VALE funding in air quality nonattainment areas if the applicable air agency allows the issuance of AERCs. This funding can result in a significantly reduced payback (in some cases as little as five years). Traditional horizontal axis wind turbines represent a challenge for airports as impediments to air space. Vertical axis wind turbines on terminals and other structures may present a more viable wind option, but are often less efficient. Distributed geothermal or geothermal heat pumps used for building heating and cooling and for hot water heating.
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Requires access to a flowing source of water to produce electricity.
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Sufficient biomass feedstock can be a challenge depending on where airports are located. Biomass sources generally need to be located in close proximity to the end user.