LED professional Review (LpR) – July/Aug 2024 – LpR#104

ServingtheLighting DesignandLighting IndustryCommunityat theNextLevel

Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoinformyouthatwehavestreamlined ourplatformstodeliverevenmorefocused,powerful,andtargeted informationonlightingapplications,design,andengineering.Asafirst step,wehaveincorporatedtheTrends-in-LightingwebsiteundertheLED Professionalroof,ensuringeasieraccessforbothmanufacturersand lightingdesigners/architects.Furthermore,theexperttalkson www.LpS-Digital.globalhavenowbeenredirectedtothecorresponding YouTubechannel.

TheLightingDesignandLightingIndustryCommunitywillnowbeserved throughthreeplatforms:LEDProfessional(www.led-professional.com), LpSDigital–ExpertTalksonLight(www.youtube.com/c/LpSDIGITAL), andtheGlobalLightingDirectory(www.gld.lighting).Theseplatforms covercontentfromengineeringtoapplication,reflectingthesignificant overlapinknowledgewherebothcommunitiescanbenefitfromeach other’sinsights.Thisnetworkingandoverlapwerekeyreasonsfor restructuringourservicestoyou.Ouraimistoprovideyouwiththebest possibleandmostcomprehensiveinformationintheindustry.

Inthisspirit,IamthrilledtopresentthelatestissueofLEDprofessional Review.WecontinueourCIEinterviewserieswithPeterThorns,who guidesusthroughtheworldofstandards.Weshowcasearemarkable designprojectattheJilSander’sflagshipstoreinLondon,delveintothe topicofEco-Designwithaspecialfocuson3DPrintingLuminaires, highlightthelatestdevelopmentsinphosphors,andexplorearecent lightingstudyonmaterialsurfaces.Finally,wediscussthelatesttrendsin automotivelighting.

Enjoyyourread!

YoursSincerely,

SiegfriedLuger

LugerResearche.U.,Founder&CEO

LEDprofessional,LpSDigital–ExpertTalksonLight&GlobalLightingDirectory InternationalSolid-StateLightingAlliance(ISA),MemberoftheBoardofAdvisors MemberoftheGoodLightGroup

8 Roadmapto“Lighting4.0”Eraandthe SSL2 (SustainableSmartLighting ⊗ Solid StateLighting)Concept byProfessorGeorgesZISSIS,Professorand Vice-dealfortheFacultyofScienceand EngineeringattheToulouseUniversity(France)

26 JilSanderNewBondStreetStore, London byLichtvisionDesign

ECO-DESIGN

36 IlluminatingtheFuturewithSustainable 3DPrintedLightingSolutions byPhilipsMyCreation-ALightingBrandby Signify

TECHNOLOGY

40 AdoptionofNarrowbandRedPhosphor PromisesImprovedQualityofLightin GeneralLighting byAdilSIDIQI,VerticalSegmentManager,Future LightingSolutions

LIGHTINGDESIGN

44 TheImpactofLightingontheVisual PerceptionofMaterialSurfaces byMMag.MartinaASCHERandDipl.-Ing. JohannesWENINGER,Bartenbach

AUTOMOTIVELIGHTING

52 TheIntersectionofInnovation:Xavier DenisDiscussestheConvergenceof ArchitecturalandAutomotiveLighting byXavierDENIS,HeadofTechnicalSupport& MarketingatNichia

LPSDIGITALTALKS

56 ExpertTalksonLight–TimeMatters,ShiningLightonMetabolic Health

ProfessorGeorges ZISSIS

Prof.GeorgesZISSIS,PhD, FMIEE,gothisPhDin1990from ToulouseUniversity(France).

Today,heisfullProfessorand Vice-dealfortheFacultyof ScienceandEngineering.His primaryareaofworkisinthefield ofLightSourcesScienceand Technology.Heisespecially interestedinsolid-stateandsmart lightingsystems;impactoflighting toenergy,environment,qualityof life,healthandsecurity; illuminationandlighting.In2006 hewonthe1stAwardofthe InternationalElectrotechnical CommitteeCentenaryChallenge. In2009,hereceivedtheEnergy GlobeAwardforFranceandin 2022hegottheAlfredMonnier award,thehighestdistinctionof theFrenchIlluminatingEngineering Society.HewasPresidentofIEEE IndustrialApplicationSocietyand todayhechairsIEEESmartCities TechnicalCommunityandthe 4E-SSLCPlatformofthe InternationalEnergyAgency.

www.univ-tlse3.fr

linkedin.com/in/georges-zissis9b88887

Roadmapto“Lighting4.0”EraandtheSSL

2 (SustainableSmartLighting ⊗ SolidState Lighting)Concept

Itisforeseenthatby2040,artificiallight needswillbeattained.Thiswillbe almost200peta-lumen-hours, correspondingtoanincreaseof50%in lightingservicedemandcomparedto 2020.Further,beyondtheimplicationof lightinginenergy,greenhousegas emissionsanddepletionofabiotic resourcesofourplanet,artificiallighting, hassomeadditionalimportant side-effectslikelightpollutioninthe skiesandtheassociatederosionofthe biotopes.Theonlylightsource technologyevolutionperspective,even supportedbyambitiouspolicies,isnot sufficienttostemuncontrollablegrowth andmoreimportantly,thiscauses abstractionofartificiallighteffectson humans.Forafewyearsnow,toserve societyaseffectivelyaswecan,industry hascoinedanewterm“Integrative lighting”todirectitsprimaryefforts towardsmeetinghumanneeds.Thus, therealchallengeforthenextdecade willbetoofferthebestqualityoflightto end-users,harnesstheincreaseof electricitydemand,limittheassociated greenhousegasemissionsandavoid undesirableeffectsonthebiotope.The objectiveissomehowswitchingtosmart human-centriclightingdrivenbyboth “efficiency”and“qualityoflight”.

Todaylightingtechnologyiswitnessing its4th revolution:thetransitiontoSmart Lightingsystems.But,whatdoesthe term,“SmartLighting”standfor?

Generallyspeaking,asmart technologicalobject,includingsmart lighting,ischaracterizedbyanintelligent sensingtechnologythatisincreasingly beingintegratedwithinternet technologies,therebyallowingittoreact toandcommunicatewiththechanging environmentaroundit.Inprinciple,this leadstooptimaloperationandglobal improvementinefficiency.Basedonthe factthatsuch“smart”lightingsystems shallserve,attheirbest,humanneeds,

andreducetheimpactsonenvironment andbiotope,asmuchaspossible. Zissisetal.a,proposedin2023the followingdefinition:

“Asmartlightingsystemhasaprincipal functionwhichistoproduce,atany moment,therightlight:whereitis neededandwhenitisnecessary. Itshouldadaptthequantityandquality oflighttoenhancevisualperformancein agreementwiththetypeofexecuted tasks.Itmustguaranteewell-being, healthandthesafetyoftheend-users. Itshouldnotpassivelysquanderthe resourcesofourplanetandactivelylimit theeffectsoflightpollutiononthe biotope,orhaveanyotherimpactson theenvironment.Optionally,thesystem couldofferadditionalservices (geo-localization,dataconnectivity,etc.) totheend-users,preferablythrough VisibleLightCommunicationprotocols.”

SwitchingtoSmartLightingcanachieve morethan40%additionalenergy savingsthanwhatwegetwithjust massivelyadoptingLEDtechnology.But thisforecastcouldbeseverelyaffected bythe“reboundeffect”describedby Jevonsinthemid-19th century.Away toridthisundesirableeffectliesonthe “SSL2 concept”,whichmerelysuggests that“a Sustainable Smart Lighting systemusesandtunesintoanintelligent way.Thebestexistingtechnology, namely,fortoday,are Solid-State Lightingdevicestobestfulfilpresent needsforartificiallightandreduce undesirableside-effectswithout compromisingtheabilityoffuture generationstoinnovate”.Thatwaythe next-generationoflightingsystems providethe“RightLight”foreachkindof end-usewhenandwhereitisneeded, withthehighest“applicationefficacy” correspondingtothebestqualityand leastcollateraldamage. ■

G.Z.

www.lightingeurope.org

June28thmarkedthebeginningofanewera inecodesignastheEcodesignforSustainable ProductsRegulation(ESPR)waspublishedin theOfficialJournaloftheEU.

FollowingtheEuropeanCommission’s legislativeproposalinMarch2022,EU co-legislators-theEuropeanParliamentand theCounciloftheEU-havespentovertwo yearsdefiningtherequirementsandmeasures forfutureEcodesignrules.Theseruleswill applytokeyproductsintheEUmarket, includinglightingproducts.

LightingEuropehasactivelyparticipated throughoutthelegislativeprocess,advocating forthelightingindustry,engagingwith MembersoftheEuropeanParliamentand MemberStates’PermanentRepresentations, andcollaboratingwithotherindustry associationsoncommoninitiatives.

Asalwaysinacomplexlegislativeprocess,we wonsomebattlesandlostothers,butoverall LightingEuropewelcomestheESPR, recognizingitasapivotaladvancementinthe EUCircularEconomyagenda.Theregulation introducesEcodesignrequirementsthat extendbeyondenergyefficiencytoinclude aspectssuchasdurability,reparability, presenceofsubstancesofconcern,recycled content,andenvironmentalfootprint.

Additionally,thenewRegulationaimsto preventthedestructionofunsoldconsumer productsandincludesadirectbanon destroyingcertainunsolditems,suchas textilesandfootwear.

InthenewEcodesignframework,great attentionisalsoattributedtoprovidingbetter informationforconsumersonthe sustainabilitycharacteristicsofproducts, includingthrougha‘DigitalProductPassport’.

“Weappreciatethe18-monthtransitionperiod betweentheentryintoforceofthe product-specificdelegatedactsandtheir application,allowingeconomicoperators sufficienttimetocomplywiththenew

requirements,”saidElenaScaroni,Secretary GeneralofLightingEurope.

“TheobligationtotrackSubstancesof Concern(SoC),forexample,willsignificantly impactmanufacturers,giventhebroad definitionadoptedbytheco-legislators, despiteouradvocacyforamoresensibleand proportionatelistofhazardoussubstances,” sheadded.

LightingEuropealsohopedforstronger enforcementprovisions,buttheCouncilofthe EU’spositionprevailedduringnegotiations, leadingtoaweakerenforcementframework.

Onapositivenote,ourrequesttoprovide instructionsindigitalformatwasaccepted andincludedinthelegislativeprocess.

TheESPRwillenterintoforce20daysafterits publicationintheEUOfficialJournal.

“LightingEuropeisalreadypreparingforthe reviewoftheLightingRegulationsunderthe ESPRFramework,expectedtostartlaterthis yearorearlynextyear.Weareconsolidating theindustry’sviewsontherevisionprocess andwillengageintensivelywiththeEuropean CommissionandMemberStatestoshape futureEcodesignrulesforlightingproducts. Wewillalsosupportourmembersin implementingthesenewregulations”, concludedElenaScaroni,SecretaryGeneral.

Contact:TeresaSelvaggio,DirectorofPublic Affairs(Teresa.selvaggio@lightingeurope.org)

AboutLightingEuropeLightingEuropeisthe voiceofthelightingindustry,basedin Brusselsandrepresenting32companiesand nationalassociations.Togetherthese membersaccountforover1,000European companies,amajorityofwhicharesmallor medium-sized.Theyrepresentatotal Europeanworkforceofover100,000people andanannualturnoverexceeding20billion euro.LightingEuropeiscommittedto promotingefficientlightingthatbenefits humancomfort,safetyandwell-being,and theenvironment.LightingEuropeadvocatesa positivebusinessandregulatoryenvironment tofosterfaircompetitionandgrowthforthe Europeanlightingindustry.Moreinformationis availableatwww.lightingeurope.org. ■

DLC:FinalVersionof NetworkedLightingControls TechnicalRequirements

VersionNLC5.1

www.designlights.org

TheDLCispleasedtoreleasethefinalversion ofNetworkedLightingControlsTechnical RequirementsVersionNLC5.1aheadofthe

annualNLClistingupdateinAugust2024. NLC5.1isaminorrevisionthatcontains updatestothepolicy’scybersecurity requirementsandiseffectiveonAugust1, 2024.NoNLCsystemswillbedelistedfrom theQPLduetothisupdate.

Whenproperlyapplied,networkedlighting controlsincreasetheenergysavingsofa lightingprojectbyroughly50%comparedtoa transitionfromlegacylightingtoLEDsalone. However,lightingprojectsthatinvolve networkedlightingcontrolsarestill under-representedinthemarket.Thismissed opportunitylimitsourabilitytonotonly captureenergysavingsbutalsotohelpfuture proofourinvestmentsinLEDupgrades.

TheDLCNLCprogramhashelpedenergy efficiencyprogramsenableincentivesfor networkedlightingcontrolsbycreating technicalrequirementsthatimprove cybersecurity,energyreporting,and interoperability.VersionNLC5.1includes minorupdatesinkeyareas.

NLC5.1Updates

Basedonstakeholdercommentsfromthe publiccommentperiod,theEnergyMonitoring sectionoftheTechnicalRequirements remainsvirtuallyunchanged.Thissectionwill beupdatedaftertheANSIC137.9standard hasbeenpublished,toalignmorecloselywith theANSIC137.5andC137.9standards.

VersionNLC5.1includesthefollowing updates.

CybersecurityUpdates:

• NowacceptsPSA-certifiedchiplevel1

• Includesupdatedcriteriaforacceptance

OtherUpdates:

• AnewsectionclarifiesPrimaryUse Designations,suchas“WholeBuilding”and “Portfolio”.

• The“RequirementsOtherThanControl Capabilities”sectionisnowformattedas Table0,ratherthanastext.

• Thewords“Interior”and“Exterior”were changedto“Indoor”and“Outdoor”toalign withotherDLCdocuments.

IfyouhavequestionsaboutNLC5.1,please emailinfo@designlights.org. ■

EnnostarAnnounces High-LevelAppointments

www.ennostar.com

EnnostarInc.announceditshigh-level personnelchanges.FollowingEnnostar’s BoardofDirectorsresolution,Mr.PatrickFan, PresidentofitssubsidiaryEPISTAR Corporation,andDr.TerryTang,Presidentof LextarElectronicsCorporationwillbe swappingroles,effectiveJuly1,2024. Additionally,Mr.BYChangwillstepdownas ChiefFinancialOfficer(CFO)and SpokespersonofEnnostareffective immediately,withMr.JerryLiutakingoverthe position.

UndertheleadershipofChairmanMr.Paul Peng,Ennostarisactivelydrivingthe transformationofitscorevalue,“One Ennostar,”byadvancingitsbusiness strategies,organizationalintegration,and talentdevelopment.Thisseniormanagement rotationaimstostrengthenupstreamand downstreamcollaboration,acceleratingthe ”3+1”long-termdevelopmentstrategy.This strategystrivestoenhancethegroup’s technologicalandproductpositioninginthe automotive,advanceddisplay,andsmart sensingmarkets,aswellasemergingsectors. Inlate2023,thegroupestablishedthe”Talent DevelopmentCommittee,”dedicatedtothe sustainabledevelopmentofgrouptalent, enhancingcapabilities,andrevitalizingthe organizationtoadaptswiftlytothedynamic environment.Throughthisrotation,Mr.Fan andDr.Tangwillextendtheirexpertiseinto differentmarketapplications,technological development,operationalplanning,strategy, andexecution,gainingmorecomprehensive integrationexperience.Thismoveisexpected tonotonlyfostercollaborationandmutual successbutalsotofurtherelevatethe“One Ennostar”competitivenessinthe optoelectronicsandsemiconductorindustries.

Mr.Fanpossessesextensivemanagement experienceintheoptoelectronicsindustry, havingheldkeypositionsinproduction, logisticsmanagement,quality,andmarketing. AsPresidentofEPISTAR,heledthecompany tomovebeyondthepreviousprice competitionintheLEDindustry,optimizingthe productmixandleveragingtheresourcesof theparentgroupEnnostartostrategically positionnext-generationdisplaytechnology, MicroLED,incollaborationwithclientsacross advanceddisplay,smartsensing,and automotivesectorstodevelopmarketable applications.

Dr.TangisfamiliarwithLEDepitaxialwafers andchiptechnologyaswellasthe manufacturingfield.Duringhistenureat Lextar,hewasresponsiblefordrivingsmart supplychaininitiatives,integratingupstream anddownstreamresources,developing advancedtechnologies,overseeingthe backlightproductbusiness,andmanagingthe constructionandoperationofmanufacturing facilitiesinChina.Hehasaccumulatedrich leadershipexperienceinprocessR&D, productionandsupplychainmanagement, businessoperations,andmore.Inrecent years,hehasledLextarinimplementingkey optoelectronicsmoduleprojectsformajor EuropeanandAmericanclientsinthe automotivemarket,afocusareaofthe group’s”3+1”strategy.

Furthermore,theCFOandSpokesperson roleswithinEnnostarwillalsoseechanges, withMr.JerryLiutakingoverfromMr.BY Chang.Thegroupextendsitsheartfelt gratitudetoMr.Changforhiscontributionsas CFO,aidinginfinancialtransformationand maintainingahealthyfinancialstructure,which hasconsistentlyplacedEnnostaramongthe top5%inTaiwan’sCorporateGovernance Evaluation.TheBoardofDirectorshas approvedtheappointmentofMr.Liuasthe newCFOandSpokesperson.Mr.Liuhas accumulatednearly30yearsofexperiencein theoptoelectronicsindustryandinternational financialmanagement,andhisexpertiseis expectedtosignificantlysupportthe company’sfinancialdevelopment.

Ennostarbelievesthatthroughtheinternal rotationofseniorexecutives,thesynergyof the“OneEnnostar”integrationwillbefurther enhanced.Leveragingthetalentsand experiencesofseniormanagerswillfoster newperspectivesandideas,moreefficiently

drivingtechnologicalinnovationand developmentinthe”3+1”fields,positioning Ennostarasacomprehensiveproviderof integratedoptoelectronicsolutions.

AboutEnnostar

Ennostar(TWSE:3714)wasjointlyestablished inJanuary2021byEPISTARandLextarvia shareconversion,andisaleadingproviderof comprehensiveoptoelectronicsintegration solutions,specializingintheresearch, development,andmanufacturingof optoelectronicsproductmaterialsbasedon III-Vcompoundsemiconductors.Withstrong integrationcapabilitiesintheLEDindustry’s upstreamanddownstreamsectors,our productsenablethedeepeningof technological,product,andserviceofferings, providingcustomerswithone-stopsolutions fromepitaxialwafers,chips,andpackagesto modules.Ourapplicationscoverautomotive, advanceddisplays,andsmartsensingwhile activelyexploringhigh-potentialareas,driving towardsenhancedvalue-added applications. ■

CooperLightingSolutions

www.cooperlighting.com

Lighthasaprofoundimpactonwellbeing, offeringamyriadofvisual,biological,and emotionalbenefitsasakeyregulatorof circadianrhythm.Recognizingthe significanceoftheintegrationbetweenlight andwellbeing,CooperLightingSolutionshas includedBioUpacrossmultipleCLSbrands andproductfamilies,toprovidethese enhancedbenefitsinprofessionalspaces.

Howitworks:BioUptechnology,byCooper LightingSolutions,integratescyanlightinto theLEDspectrum.Thisenhancesthelight’s biologicalimpact,promotinghealthycircadian rhythmsinhumanswithoutaffectingthe perceivedvisualcolor.Melanopic,also referredtoasbiological,lightinfluences humansleeppatterns,alertness,andmood. BioUpisavailableintwooptions:staticand dynamic.

Thestatic,spectrallyenhancedLEDoptionis idealforapplicationswithpredominantly daytimeusage,suchasoffice,institutional, andpublicbuildings.Thisoptionmakesfora simpleandcost-efficientmethodtoenjoythe manybenefitsofmelanopiclighting.

Alternatively,thedynamictunableand spectrallyenhancedLEDoptionprovidesa moreadvancedsolutionforapplicationsthat requiredaytimeandnighttimeusage,suchas hospitals,schools,andairports.Thisoption, whenpairedwiththeWaveLinxintelligent digitallightingsolutionbyCooperLighting Solutions,canadjustthemelanopicportionof thelightthroughoutthedaytooptimizeforthe humanexperience.

KeyfeaturesoftheBioUpinclude:

• Availableintroffers,panels,linear, downlights,andcylinders.

• Suitableforprofessionalspacesincluding healthcare,office,andeducation.

• BioUpincludesapeak(thecyanpartofthe spectrum)thatenhancescircadianrhythm withoutadditionallights,higherlumen levels,andassociatedenergycosts.

• UseBioUptomaximizeWELLpointsfor CircadianLightingDesigntoearnaWELL certificate,whichoffersanotable opportunitytoincreasethevalueofreal estate.

• Elevatehealthandoverallwellnessfor workers,visitors,andcustomersinaspace.

ThelaunchofCooperLightingSolutions’ melanopiclightinglinemarksasignificant milestoneintheevolutionofworkplace lighting,offeringcommercialspacean innovativewaytoprioritizeemployeehealth andproductivity. ■

GlamoxUnveilsNew

Vandal-resistantandDark Sky-certifiedWallLights

www.glamox.com

Glamox,aworldleaderinlighting,has launchedafamilyofoutdoorwall-mounted luminaireswithadifference.Thenew luminaires,aimedatcommercialandpublic buildings,arevandal-resistantandhavea specialdarksky-certifiedversion.Thelatter allowspeopletonavigatesafelywhilehelping

tolimitlightpollutionthatimpactsthe night-timeenvironment-goodnewsfor nocturnalspeciesandastronomers.

TheGlamoxO21-Wwalllightusesadesign thatsupportsacirculareconomywhichisthe oppositeofthethrowawaysociety.The luminaireismadetobedisassembledsothat partsmaybereplacedtoprolongthe luminaire’slifeorreusedorrecycledattheend oflife.

TheO21-Wisidealforlightingcommercial andresidentialbuildingperimetersand entrances.ManchesterRoyalInfirmaryand BeaulieuPrimarySchoolaretwocustomers thathaveordereditforthatpurpose.Thewall lightcomesinavarietyoflumenoutputs, colortemperatures,sizes,andhasavarietyof sensorandcontroloptions.Seethe specificationandimages.

“Weoptedforanengagingcompactdesign withfeaturestofacilitatespeedyinstallation,” saidPaulFisher,LuminairesProductManager CommercialatGlamox.“Itisenvironmentally friendly,notonlyinhelpingcustomerstodrive downtheirelectricitybillsbyusingLED technologybutalsoinitsuseofrecycled aluminium.Wedesigneditforpossible disassembly,supportingthedesignprinciples foracirculareconomyandwehaveadark sky-certifiedversiontoo.”

SchoolofHardKnocks

Thenewluminaireismadefromdiecast aluminiumofwhicharound45%isfrom recycledaluminium,andhasapolycarbonate diffuser.Theluminairecanwithstandupto20 joulesofimpact–theequivalentofhavinga5 kgballdroppedfromaheightof40cm–enoughtowithstandschoolplayground knocksandallbutthemostpersistentvandal.

DarkSkyversion

Thedarkskyvarianthasawarmcolor temperatureof3000Kandusesspecial opticstofurtherrestrictlightspillage.This helpstoavoidlightpollutionwhichcan negativelyimpactwildlifespeciesandplants, asartificiallightcandisturbthewaythey perceivedaytimeandnight-time,upsetting theirnaturalbehaviour.

Thewalllighthasbeenformallycertifiedby DarkSkyInternational.Thisbodycomprises morethan2,000volunteeradvocatesaround theworldwhoarededicatedtoprotectingthe nightsky.Oneofitsjobsistocertify

commercial,industrial,andresidentialoutdoor lightingthatreduceslightpollution.

TheO21familyofwalllightsaremadeby GlamoxinBasingstoke,intheUnited Kingdom,andexportedacrossEurope. ■

AlloyLEDLaunchesFlexible, Low-ProfileAluminum SurfaFlex1TapeLight Channel

www.alloyled.com

AlloyLED,aleadingdesignerand manufacturerofpremiumqualityLEDtape lights,continuestoexpanditsextensive portfoliooftapelightchannelswiththelaunch oftheSurfaFlex1,aflexible,low-profile, surface-mountaluminumchannelproviding uniform,hotspot-freeilluminationwhenpaired withthecompany’scompatibletapelights.At only0.61ofaninchwideand0.15ofaninch inheight,thechannelisidealforcurved surfaces–withaminimumbendradiusof5.5 inches–andthosecommercialandresidential spaceswhenthesmallestfootprintisneeded.

“Wecontinuetoexpandourtapelightchannel offeringtomeetmoreapplicationneeds,”said PresidentJoeFlynn,AlloyLED.“Bigorsmall, curvedorstraightsurfaces,theSurfaFlex1 canbeusedacrossanentirecommercial buildingorhome,andwithitsminiaturesize, thechannelcanfitinthemostcompact spaces.”

Providingevenilluminationfromapremium frostedlens/diffusercover—eliminating unsightlyhotspots—thecompatibleAlloy LEDtapelights,whichfeature93+color renderingindexandhighR9andR13values forexceptionalcolorquality,includethe RazorLine3.7,RazorLineNeon300, PrimaLine2.5COBandtheRadialux4.2COB RGB.ThePrimaLineandRadialuxtapelights offercontinuousrunsupto100feetthrough thecompany’scustomizationprogram.

The4-and7-footkitsincludeone field-cuttablealuminumchannelwithasnap-in lens,atwo-pairpackofendcapsand mountingclipswithscrews.ThechosenAlloy LEDtapelight–orothercompatibletapelight –ispurchasedseparatelyorincludedasa

completefixtureaspartofourbuilt-to-order program.

TheSurfaFlex1isanidealsolutionfortask andaccentapplicationsincludingincoves; undercountertopsandshelves;underand abovecabinets;andinretaildisplaycasesand niches,amongothers.AllAlloyLEDproducts arebackedbyitsguaranteeofsatisfaction.

ForadditionalinformationontheSurfaFlex1 andotherproductofferings,pleasevisit https://bit.ly/3XtFAUl.

AboutAlloyLED AlloyLEDisaleadingdesignerand manufacturerofpremiumqualityLEDtape light,channels,connectors,LEDfixturesand powersupplies.AlloyLEDproductsinclude thePowerLine™,PrimaLine®andRadialux® LEDTapeLights,ContinuaChannelsand AmpChamp™Connectors.Headquarteredin Emeryville,California,thecompanyisaleader intheLEDtapelightingmarketwith distributionthroughlightingshowrooms, electricaldistributorsandonlinestores. ■

OrganicLightingLaunches FortaCastinEurope: PioneeringModular Drive-OverLighting

organiclighting.com/fortacast

OrganicLightingannouncestheinternational launchofFortaCast,apatentedmodular drive-overlightingsystemthatsimplifiesthe complexitiesofingrounddrive-overlighting withaninnovative,proven,andfutureproof design.FortaCastintroducesaneweraof creativedesignpossibilitiesinlighting, featuringenvironmentallyfriendlyGlassFiber ReinforcedConcrete(GFRC)sectionsthat allowforcontinuousstraightlines,circles, squares,intersections,andcurveswitha minimalradiusof30cm.

Engineeredforsimplicityandrobustness, FortaCastcanbeinstalledaseasilyas standardpaversprovidingsignificantsavings againstalternativeoptions.Itboastsahigh durabilitylevel,supportingover10,000PSI andissuitableforhigh-trafficareas.The systemoperatesefficientlyacrossextreme temperatures,fromsub-zeroconditionsto above50°C,andfeaturesIP68certificationfor

long-termsubmersibility.Maintenanceis straightforward,thankstoitspioneering clamshellservicepointdesignandslide-in trackforeachLEDstrip.

TheFortaCastsystemisilluminatedbythe encapsulated,diffusedAqueonLED,offering optionsinmono,tunablewhite,addressable RGB,andRGBW.TheseLEDsarefloodproof, chemical-resistant,andvibration-proof.Witha verylowenergyconsumptionof6to12W/m andoperatingat50

AprimarygoalindevelopingFortaCastis guaranteeinguninterruptedlightingforusers. Systemreliabilityismaintainedbyusing non-corrosivematerialsandenablingthe replacementofupto30metersofAqueon LEDthroughasingleaccesspoint,eliminating theneedforexcavationorlensremoval.

FortaCast’sfast-growinginventoryofstandard sectionsmeansmostprojectrequirements canbemetquickly.Additionally, custom-designedsectionscanbeproduced invariouscolors,textures,widths,andshapes tomatchspecificdesignneeds.

FortaCasthasexpandeditsapplications beyonddecorativelightingtoprovide dependable,energy-efficientilluminationfor transportationandinfrastructureprojects. FortaCastisaregisteredtrademarkofOrganic LightingSystems,Inc. ■

serien.lightingIlluminatesthe

NewBuildingoftheDessau Synagogue

www.serien.com

ThenewlybuiltsynagogueinDessauis characterizedbythelong-standing collaborationbetweentheGermanlighting manufacturerserien.lightingandthe well-knownarchitectAlfredJacoby.This projectunderlinesserien.lighting’sexpertisein thedevelopmentofcustomisedspecial luminairesthatcanbeharmoniouslycombined withthemanufacturer’sexistingproducts.

Aspartofthisproject,thefoundersand designersManfredWolfandJean-Marcda Costacreatedanimpressivemenorah.This centrallightsculptureiscomplementedbya varietyofwall,pendantandceilinglightsfrom theserien.lightingrange.Thelightingconcept

ofthenewsynagoguecreatesalighting atmospherethatimpressivelyemphasizesthe spiritualandarchitecturalsignificanceofthe building.serien.lightingonceagain demonstratesitsabilitytoenrichsophisticated architecturalprojectswithinnovativeand aestheticallypleasinglightingsolutions.

NewsynagogueinDessau:Thecornerstone ceremonyin2019markedthestartofthe constructionofthenewsynagoguein Dessau-Roßlau.Thebuildingwascompleted attheendof2023andinauguratedinthe presenceofChancellorOlafScholz.Architect AlfredJacoby,whohasdecadesof experiencewithnewsynagoguebuildings, wasresponsibleforthedesignoftheplaceof worship.UnderthedirectionoftheFrankfurt office,newbuildingshavealreadybeen constructedinDarmstadt,Heidelberg, Aachen,Cologne,KasselandChemnitz.Their trainingasgraduatedesignersattheHfG Offenbachandinitialexperienceinthe manufactureofluminaireswiththeircompany serien.lighting,foundedin1983,predestined themforthisspecialtask.

Themenorah:Thechandelierwastobe installedasawall-mountediconicsymbolnext totheTorahshrineonawoodenpanelling. Thedesignpresentsitselfasareduced arrangementofsevenlines,which”float”next toeachotherwithouttouchingeachotherdue totheirattachmenttoaseparateplateonthe backandradiateacertainlightnessand immateriality.Thiseffectisfurtheremphasised bythebacklightingoftheindividualarms.The panelandchandelieraremadeofsolid, laser-cutaluminium.Thepanelwasanodised inblackandthechandelierinbronze.LED stripsoperatedbydimmableelectronicdrivers werechosenforthelightsourcemountedon theback.

Speciallightingforprayerroom:InDessau, thearchitectsoptedforaceilingdesignthat incorporatestheStarofDavidasastriking centralelement.Anelaboratechandelier wouldhaveclashedwiththedesignofthe ceilingandwasthereforeoutofthequestion. Thedecisionwasthereforemadetohang individualluminairesfromthecurrent serien.lightingrange.

TheDRAFTpendantluminairewithits blue-coloredglasssphereandinternalcone, whichisclosedatthebottomwitha translucentdiffuserdisc,emphasisesthe specialceilingdesignwithitsdouble ring-shapedarrangementwithoutdisturbingit. Themainfocusinthecentralpartofthe buildingwasontheseven-armedchandelier.

Wallandceilinglightsintheprayerhall:The menorahissurroundedbyflat,circularwall luminairesfromtheLIDseries,whichemittheir lightaroundthesidesofthewallandonly allowacoronaattheedgeofthesurface throughanopaqueglasspane,creatinga sphericalauraoflight.

SLICE²PI,anotherserien.lightingmodel,is usedintherearsectionofthesynagoguewith alowerceilingheight.Theveryflat30mm highringoftheceilingluminaireservesasa supportandheatsinkfortheLEDs,which feedtheirlightlaterallytowardsthecenterinto aspeciallyadaptedacrylicsurfaceofa five-layerstructure.Mostofthelightisemitted downwardsandisfinelydirectedintothe roomviaapyramidstructure.Athin, chemicallyhardenedpaneofrealglassforms thetop.Thefloatingeffectoftheluminaireis createdbyasmallamountoflightthatis emittedontotheceilingviaanopaquefilm. SizeMinblackwasselected.

Blackisalsothecoloroftheotherlightsused intheadjoiningrooms.Oneoftheseisthe REFLEX²,series,whichhasafineframe structure.Itslightisemittedontotheceiling viafourLEDboardsandpartiallyreflected backintotheroomviatheprismaticreflector oftheluminaire.Thecontrolgear,which suppliestheLEDswithanoutputof50watts, islocatedunderthisplate,whichisheldin placebymagnets.

TheCAVITYmodelisinstalledatthesideof thesuspendedceiling.Thisceiling-mounted downlighthasasimplecylindricalbodythatis recessedinafunnelshapetowardsthelight source,ensuringahighlevelofglarecontrol. AswithSLICE²PI,thealuminumbodyisfixed totheceilingwithabayonetcatchand enablesoptimumheattransferfromthelight sourcetothehousingthankstoa spring-loadedsurfacecontact.Thereisalsoa rowofCAVITYintheoutdoorareaabovethe widestepstotheentrance,whicharealso fittedwithaweather-resistantseal.Thisrow providesinvitinglightingfortheentranceto thisplaceofprayerandassembly.

Aboutserien.lighting serien.lightingisaninnovation-minded manufacturerofluminaireswithhighdemands ondesignthatcombinesthelatestlighting technology,serialproduction,craftsmanship andhigh-qualitymaterialsinitsproducts.The company,basedinRodgaunearFrankfurtam Main,wasfoundedintheearly1980sbythe twodesignersManfredWolfandJean-Marc daCostaandhasbeenjointlymanagedby themfor40years.Inadditiontothe permanentcollectionsforprivatehomes, offices,hotelsandrestaurantsaswellas socialandculturalinstitutions,thedesign teamalsorealisescustomisedsolutionsfor specificprojects. ■

ServiceableIndoorLuminaires

foraCircularFuture

www.zhagastandard.org/circularitylighting

Zhagaenablesluminairemanufacturersto designserviceableindoorluminaireswith replaceablecomponentsthatprolongtheir

usefullife,contributingtoacirculareconomy. ByJandeGraaf(Signify),FrancescoMartini (Inventronics)andCarstenMoellers(Green Gems).

TheRighttoRepairmovementisbynomeans limitedtoconsumerelectronics–itimpacts thelightingindustrytoo.

Seenasakeyenablerofacirculareconomy, decision-makersaroundtheworldare enactinglegislationandinitiativesrequiringthe serviceabilityofLEDluminaires.Forexample, inEurope,the“SingleLightingRegulation”is inforce,settingproductdesignrequirements pushingthemovetoacirculareconomy.The publishedprovisionalagreementofthe” EcodesignforSustainableProductRegulation (ESPR)“lookstorequirethatlightingproducts bedesignedtonotonlybemorereliable,with alongerlifetimeandcontainmorerecyclable material,butalsobeeasiertoupgradeand repair.Additionally,itisexpected,thefuture reviewofthesocalled“SingleLighting Regulation”,willsetadditionalresource efficiencyrequirementsforlightingproducts, concerningtheremovabilityand exchangeabilityoflightsourcesandcontrol gears.

AtZhaga,thegloballighting-industry consortiumwiththemissionofstandardizing theinterfacesofcomponentsofLED luminaires,wecallthis‘circularitylighting’.

Definedasproductsandsystemsthatsupport theaimsofthecirculareconomythrough enhancedserviceability,circularitylightingis basedonluminairesdesignedinamodular wayandoncomponentinterfacesthatare basedonstandardizedandwidelyrecognised specifications.Inthissense,circularitylighting includesallLEDluminairesthatarerepairable, upgradeable,replaceable.

Zhagadeliversonallthesefronts.

Zhaga’sContributiontoModularand ServiceableIndoorLighting

Sinceitsfoundingin2010,Zhagahasbeen developingandstandardizingspecifications forinterfacesofLEDmodules,intelligent sensors,communicationmodulesandcontrol gearforlightingmanufacturers,specifiersand operatorstoapplyinLEDluminaires.

Zhaga’sspecificationsarecalledBooks,with eachbookdefiningtheinterfaceofoneor

morecomponent(s)ofanLEDluminaire.While allZhagaBooksareinherentlylinkedtothe conceptofcircularitylighting,noteveryBook isneededallthetime.Infact,creatinga serviceableproductorcomponenttypically mayrequireonlyacoupleofBooks.

Mostpertinenttoindoorlinearlightingare ZhagaBooks7,14and26.Book7definesa familyoflinearandsquareLEDmodulesthat couldbeusedforindoorlightingapplications. TheLEDmodulesrequireaseparateLED driver(electroniccontrolgear)andaretypically mountedinaluminaireby,forexample, screws.Theonlyrestrictiononthe light-emittingsurface(LES)oftheLED modulesisthatalllightshouldbeemitted abovetheuppersurfaceofthemodule.This providesmaximumdesignfreedomwith respecttotheplacementofLEDsonthe module.

Book14,whichhasbeenofficiallydesignated asIECStandard63356-1,focusesonafamily offlat,linear,socketableLEDlightsources thataresuitableforlow-profilelinearlighting. ThestandardincludesbothLEDmodules (requiringaseparatedriver)andLEDlight engines(LLEs)thathaveintegratedcontrol gear.TheLLEsorLEDmoduleshavea cap/holdersystemthatenablestoolless replacement.

Roundingoutthemodularsideofserviceable indoorlightingisupcomingBook26.

ThisBook26definesacost-effective mechanicalandelectricalinterfacefortoolless replaceablelinearLEDmodules,enablingplug andplay#interoperability,late-stage configurationofluminairesandsupporting #circulareconomy.

AlsorelevanttoindoorlightingisBook20, which,togetherwithD4icertificationbythe DALIAlliance,definesasmartinterface betweenanindoorLEDluminaireanda sensing/communicationnode.Thenode connectstotheLEDdriverandcontrol system,andtypicallycanprovidesensory inputsorenablecommunicationbetween networkcomponents.Thesenodescanbe installedandreplacedinthefield.

Althoughnotspecifictoindoorluminaires, ZhagaBook13oncontrolgearsplaysa non-negotiableroleinensuringserviceability bydefiningmechanicalinterfacespecifications ofLEDdriverscanbeusedincombination withawiderangeofluminaires.

LeveragingNFCTechnologyforIndoor LuminaireLifecycleManagement

TwootherZhagaBooksthatarerelevantto theserviceabilityofindoorluminairesare24 and25,bothofwhichdealwithNearField Communication(NFC)technology.The extremelyshort-rangewireless communicationstandardallows

manufacturerstoconfiguresuchlighting componentsasLEDdriverstotheir specifications,bothbeforeandafter installation–whichcanplayanimportantrole inenablingcircularitylighting.

NFCalsoletsyoumanagedataoverthe luminaire’sentirelifecycle,fromproductionto installation,maintenance,replacementand repair.Havingsuchlifecycledatanotonly helpsincreaseefficiency,italsopromotes productsthatuseamodulardesignandthat canbeeasilyrepairedandupgraded.

Luminairemanufacturers,installersand systemintegratorsnowhavetheoptionto selectasinglephysicalprogrammingtoolthat willworkwithallfield-maintenance applicationsfromallvendorsimplementing Book25andallNFC-programmabledevices implementingBook24.

WhereasBook24isgearedtowardsluminaire manufacturers,Book25definesaBluetooth LowEnergycommunicationprotocolfor communicationbetweenthe field-maintenanceapplicationonasmart deviceandtheNFCreader.Indoingso,it enablesmaintenanceandreplaceabilitywitha crossvendorharmonisedmethodofNFC programmingforin-fielduse.

UsingBook25createsanenormous advantageinthefield.Forinstance,ifanLED moduleisreplacedbyamoreenergyefficient LEDmodule,Book25ensuresthatthenew operatingparameterscanbesetwirelesslyon thedriver.

Book24,ontheotherhand,allowsfor configurationbythemanufacturerandfor customer-specificoperatingparameters.It alsoallowstheconfigurationstobeseton demandandinaccordancewiththe customer’sspecificparameters.Furthermore, becauseanexchangeofthedriverisusually notnecessary,itavoidswasteandextends theservicelifeofthedriver.

Makingserviceabilityofcomponentsof luminairestransparent

Together,theinterfacespecifications establishedbytheZhagaBooksenablean interoperableandserviceableecosystemof luminairesandcomponents–onethatis repairable,upgradeable,replaceableand durable.

Toillustrate,let’scompareanon-Zhaga luminairewithaluminairecontainingZhaga components.

Bychoosinganon-Zhagaluminaireyoumight investintoaluminairewithalimited serviceability.Youwillcertainlyfacelogistical resiliencechallengesasyouhavechosen proprietarycomponentsthatmightnotbe offeredbyanothersupplier.

However,aluminairecontainingasetof Zhagacomponentsoffersforsurealevelof serviceability.That’sbecauseZhagacertified componentscomplywithglobalinterface standards,meaningthattheycanbe exchangedwithcertifiedcomponentsfrom differentmanufacturers,whichinturnenables repairsandfunctionalupgrades.

Inotherwords,whiletheendgoalistomake theluminaireserviceable,aluminaireisonly serviceablewhenitusescomponentsthatare serviceablethemselves.Byoffering serviceablecomponents,Zhagahelpsmake serviceableluminairespossible.

Minimumserviceabilitymeansthatthe componentisreplaceableandonlythat. Maximumserviceabilityhoweverindicatesthat thecomponentisreplaceable,basedona globalstandard,isplugandplay,hasa socket,andincaseofadriveris programmablewithNFC.

Fortheluminairemanufacturer,the serviceabilitythatZhagaguaranteesmeans achievinginteroperability,accessingglobal markets,reducingcosts,ensuringquality, stayingadaptabletonewtechnologiesand protectingthemselvesagainstevolving regulations–allwhilegainingcustomer confidence.Italsoeasesproduction processesbylate-stageconfigurationand lowerstheriskofnothavingspareparts availableovertheyears.

Butit’snotonlymanufacturerswhobenefit.It isalsocitygovernmentsandbuildingowners thatbenefitbyfutureproofingtheir investments.Infact,alsolightingdesigners andarchitectbenefitwhenrecommendinga lightingsystembasedonthecircularity conceptastheirconcepthasavalue-add.

Forthelightingindustryasawhole,the serviceabilitythatZhagabringstoindoor lightingmeansbeingpreparedforacircular futurethat,duetoinitiativesliketheSingle LightingRegulation,isbecomingincreasingly imminent. ■

NewLUXEONHL4ZDelivers HighIntensity,Very-HighLight Output,andHighEfficacy

lumileds.com

Lumiledsannouncesthereleaseofthe LUXEONHL4Zun-domedpowerLED intendedforapplicationsthatrequireveryhigh intensityandsuperiorefficacy.Optical designersandengineersmusttypicallymake atradeoffbetweenoptimizingopticaldesign andachievinghighefficacy.Lumileds addressesthisdilemmawithitsinnovative LUXEONHL4Z.Atmaximumcurrent,the undomedLEDdeliverstremendousintensity–

over1400lm–fromits2.16mm2lightemitting surfaceat85 C.Andat70CRI,4000K,85 C, and700mA,typicalefficacyofthenew LUXEONHL4Zisanimpressive189lm/W.

“Therearemanyapplicationsfromstadiums totorchesandevenforwardlightingon bicycles,mopeds,e-bikes,andmotorcycles thatrequireveryhighintensitylightanduntil now,thepursuitofapplicationefficiencyhas requiredacompromiseinopticaldesign,”said NomanRangwala,HeadofProductMarketing andManagementatLumileds.“LUXEON HL4Zresolvesthedilemmabydeliveringthe output,intensity,andefficacythatsimply maketheintendedapplicationbetterthanhas previouslybeenpossible.”

LUXEONHL4ZataGlance

• Un-domedemitterenablesmaximum opticalcontrolbyOEM

• 2.16mmx2.16mmlightemittingsurface

• 3.5Amaximumdrivecurrent

• Superiorqualityoflight,output,and efficacyforstadiumandsimilarlighting

• CCToptionsof3000K,4000K,5000K, 5700K,and6500K

• CRIoptionsof70,80,and90

• Maximumpunchandintensityforhighly focusedapplications

• Industrystandard3535packagewitha 3-stripefootprint

• Largethermalpadallowshighdrive currentsandclose-packedLEDs

LUXEONHL4Zisavailabledirectlythrough LumiledsdistributionnetworkincludingFuture Electronics,Mouser,andothers.

AboutLumileds:Lumiledsisagloballeaderin OEMandaftermarketautomotivelightingand accessories,cameraflashformobiledevices, MicroLED,andlightsourcesforgeneral illumination,horticulture,andhuman-centric lighting.Ourapproximately5,500employees operateinover30countriesandpartnerwith ourcustomerstodeliverneverbeforepossible solutionsforlighting,safety,andwell-being.To learnmoreaboutourcompanyandsolution portfolios,pleasevisithttps://lumileds.com. ■

LightingSolutionsfrom AlanodforEveryRequirement alanod.com

InnovativeReflectorsforPerformance EnhancementandEnergySavingsLightisan essentialfactorforhumanwell-being,whether atwork,athome,oronthego.Alanodhas madeanameforitselfasaleading manufacturerofsemi-finishedproductsfor reflectorsinthelightingindustryandhas evolvedintoaspecialistinlightcontrol,glare reduction,andhomogeneouslightdistribution.

WithourinnovativeproductsMIRO®and MIRO®SILVER,wehaverevolutionizedthe globallightingworldbyemphasizing performanceenhancementandenergy savings.Ourhighlyreflectiveandtransmission surfacesareusedinLEDluminaires, traditionallightsources,UVlightapplications, greenhouselighting,anddaylightsolutions, significantlycontributingtocreatingtheright light.

EfficientIndoorLightingwithAluminum ReflectorsOurcustom-fitreflectormaterials offeroptimalconditionsforlightcontrolin indoorspaces,whetheroffices,shops,or halls.Weguaranteethehighestlightquality throughdurablesurfaceswithtotallight reflectionofupto98%.Thebroadproduct portfolioallowstheselectionofsuitable surfacestobetterdirectlightandachieve glarelimitation.

Ouraluminumreflectorsarecharacterizedby:

• Durability:Consistentlyhighperformance overyearswithoutlossofreflectionorcolor distortion.

• High-QualityMaterial:Givesmodern luminairesauniquequalityandvalue.

• InnovativeProcesses:Speciallighting conceptsthroughpressing,deepdrawing, orhydroforming.

• Diversity:Wideproductportfolioforevery application–fromprecisetodiffuselight control.

AdvantagesofReflectorSurfacesMadeof AluminumLightQualitythroughDurability:Our reflectorsurfacesMIRO®andMIRO-SILVER® havebeentestedunderextremeconditions andretaintheirhighreflectionpropertieseven after50,000operatinghours.LightQuality throughLightControl:Excellentlightquality dependsonlightcontrol.Whetherisotropicor anisotropicreflectionbehavior,darklight effect,orergonomicluminousdensity–our productportfolioofferstherightsurface.Light QualitythroughGlareLimitation:ModernLED technologyhasbroughttheissueofglareinto focus.Properlightcontrolthroughreflectors

avoidsdirectglareandenablespreciselight intensitydistribution.

OptimalLuminaireDesignsforOutdoorUse Glarereductionisanimportanttopicin outdoorlighting.Ourspeciallydeveloped surfacesMIRO®andMIRO®-SILVER guaranteeoptimalanti-glareresults,high durability,andatotallightreflectionofupto 98%.

AccelerateGrowthCyclesinGreenhouses Properlightingcanmaximizegrowth effectivenessingreenhouses.

OurproductMIRO-SILVER®GLoffersideal conditionsforoptimalgreenhouselighting:

• HighReflectivity:Directslightandenergyto theplants.

• LongDurability:Withstandstypical greenhouseconditions.

• InfraredReflection:Reflectsinvisible wavelengths,greatlybenefitingplants.

EfficientlyUtilizeDaylightActiveplanningand incorporationofdaylightininteriorsoffer immenseadvantages.Ourhighlyreflective andtransmissionsurfacesfordaylight solutionshelpcreatetherightlighting atmosphereandprovidebenefitssuchas energysavings,naturalwarmth,andpositive physiologicalandpsychologicalimpacts. SurfacesforDaylightReflectors:Efficient, modern,anduniqueforoffices,industries, publicbuildings,andmore.

Ourproductsarecharacterizedby:

• VariousSurfaceTextures:Frommatteto glossy.

• Recyclability:Sustainabilityisthefocus.

• ScratchResistanceandAntistatic: Durabilityandeaseofmaintenance.

• OurMIRO®surfacesofferatotallight reflectionof95%to98%andmeetthe highestrequirementsforlightcontroland homogeneouslightdistribution.

Conclusion:Alanodoffersinnovativesolutions foreverylightingrequirement.Withour high-qualityreflectormaterialsandsurfaces, wecreateoptimallightcontrol,glare reduction,andenergyefficiency–forboth indoorandoutdoorlightingandgreenhouse applications.Trustourexpertiseandbenefit fromoutstandingqualityandperformance. ■

CompactLEDReflector ModuleSimplifies DevelopmentandReduces Time-to-Market

https://engineering.arrk.com

Toseeandbeseenisstillthemostimportant

aspectofroadsafety.Thisisensuredby reflectororprojectionheadlights,amongother things.Althoughthelattergenerallyhave morefunctionalities,theyarenotsuitablefor allmobilityconcepts.Theyrequiremore installationspaceandamorecomplexcontrol system,whichhasanoticeableimpacton developmenttimeandcost.

LED-basedreflectortechnologiesfocusingon lightingperformancearethereforestilla popularalternative.Thisisallthemorethe caseasLEDsarefarsuperiortoolder, cost-effectivetechnologiessuchashalogenor HIDlamps,duetotheirhighenergyefficiency anddurability.Asmanyheadlight manufacturershavespecializedinthemore lucrativeprojectiontechnology,clientsfrom withinthemobilityindustryoftenhaveto developcheaperorsmallerfrontlighting systemsthemselves,whichinturndrivesup developmenttimeandcost.AnewLED reflectormodule,theprototypeofwhich ARRKEngineeringandARRKSPG PrototypingpresentedforthefirsttimeatISAL 2023,offersapracticalsolution.The ready-mademodulerequireslittleinstallation spaceandcanbeintegratedintovarious mobilityconcepts.Withinthemobilityindustry, itcanhelpbothlow-volumeOEMsand start-upsbyreducingdevelopmentcostand time-to-market.

Reflectorheadlightsarealmostasoldasthe moderncar.Infact,theyhavebeenthe standardforelectricvehiclelightingsincethe 1910s.Althoughtheyhavefacedcompetition frommorecomplexprojectiontechnology sincethe1980s,theyarestillthefirstchoice formanynewcars–inrecentyears increasinglywithenergy-efficientand long-lastingLEDsaslightsource.

“Thereflectorstraightforwardlyfocuseson lightingfunctionality,”saysCarstenTaeuscher, HeadofOpticalSystemsatARRK Engineering.“Unlikeearlierreflection headlights,thenewLEDreflectorscannow bedesignedconsiderablysmaller,sothey takeuplessspaceandaresuitableformany applicationsduetotheirsizeandlower developmentandproductioncost.”Withthe LEDprojectionmodule,ontheotherhand, youhavetopayahigherpriceforextra functionality:bothintheliteralsenseinterms ofproductioncostandintheformofspace requirementsandcomplexcontrolelectronics. Thisnoticeablyaffectsdevelopmentcycles, productionandassemblyanddrivesup

CarstenTaeuscher

overallcost.The“bigbrother”ofheadlightsis thereforemoresuitableforhigher-class vehiclesorforoptionalequipmentpackages, whilemanycars,two-wheelers,commercial andagriculturalmachineryaswellastransport vehiclesandpedelecs,arebetterservedwith simplebutfunctionalLEDreflectors.

LEDreflectormodulefillsmarketniche

Yet,vehiclemanufacturerswhooptforthe cheaperlightingsolutionfaceaproblem:most majorheadlightmanufacturersmainlyoffer morecomplexLEDprojectionmodules, becausetheygeneratehighersales.Asa result,vehiclemanufacturershavetodevelop customizedLEDreflectorsfortheirrespective applicationsthemselves,whichinturntakes timeandinvolvesadditionaleffort.“Thereisa cleargapinthemarketforLEDreflectors,” confirmsTaeuscher.“Lastyear,wetherefore investedinthedevelopmentofaready-made LEDreflectormoduleforhighandlowbeam thatcanbeeasilyintegratedintodifferent vehicletypes,thusdrasticallyreducingtimeto market.”ThedevelopmentpartnersARRK EngineeringandARRKSPGarecurrently presentingtheprototypetointerestedusers andareworkingongettingthemoduleready forseriesproduction.Theversatile combinationoptionsforvariouslighting applicationsbasedontwoseparatereflector modulesmakeitjustassuitableforsmall quantities,e.g.forstart-ups,asitisforsmall andmediumquantitiesforOEMs.

Toensurethatthelightmodulecanbeusedas flexiblyaspossible,thedevelopersfocuson miniaturization.“Thechallengeistoachieve optimumefficiencyandlightdistribution despitethesmallsize,”reportsTaeuscher. “Choosingareflectorthatistoosmallquickly resultsinasignificantlossofefficiency,which wedon’twanttoaccept.”Duringthecourse ofsubsequentseriesdevelopment,the positioningofthelightsourceandreflectorin relationtoeachotherwillthereforebefurther optimized.Inaddition,ahigh-qualitycoating thatprovidesmaximumreflectivityand minimizeslightlossisjustasimportant.Inthis regardaswellasonthesearchfor dimensionallystablehigh-performance materials,ARRKEngineeringandARRKSPG –inparticularthebusinessunitARRKVisibility Solutions(AVS)specializinginlighting–are workingcloselywiththeJapaneseparent companyMitsuiChemicals.

Slimdesignforversatileuse

Giventhecurrentmarketdominanceof cost-intensiveLEDprojectionmodules, start-upsinparticulararedependenton affordableandready-to-usesolutionsforfront lighting.However,low-volumeOEMscanalso benefitfromthenewlightmodulebyARRK EngineeringandAVS:Duetoitscompactyet flexibledesign,itcanbeeasilycustomizedto individualrequirements.Thisleavesvaluable spaceforadditionalcamerasandsensors,for

example,whicharerequiredforincreasingly complexdriverassistancesystems,especially ADAS.“Aswearefocusingdevelopmentona slimdesignwithmaximumlightoutput,the applicationisnotlimitedexclusivelytothe automotivesector.Withminormodifications, theLEDreflectormodulescanalsoprove usefulfortransport,commercialand agriculturalmachineryaswellastwo-wheelers andpedelecs,”summarizesTaeuscher.

Furtherinformationat

https://engineering.arrk.com/ and https://vs.arrk.com/

ARRKEngineeringisagloballyactive developmentpartnerfortheautomotiveand mobilityindustry,specializinginend-to-end andcomprehensivesupportoftheentire productdevelopmentprocess–fromthe conceptphasethroughseriesdevelopmentto validationandsystemintegrationof mechanicalandelectroniccomponents.The shareofdevelopmenttasksfromthefieldsof e-mobility,autonomousdrivingandsoftware developmentinadigitalizeddevelopment environmenthasbeengrowingsteadilyfor yearsandisbecomingincreasinglyimportant. Throughhighlyefficientprojectmanagement, ARRKEngineeringachievestheset developmentgoalstogetherwiththeir customers.Aspartbothoftheir developmentsandasaseparateservice, ARRKEngineeringsuppliesprototypesand pre-seriestoolsforsmallquantities.Theyrely onthelong-standing,interdisciplinary expertiseoftheir1,600employeesat locationsinGermany,Romania,the Netherlands,Malaysia,JapanandChina.Asa memberoftheinternationalARRKGroup, ARRKEngineeringhasadditionalresources availableworldwidetosupporttheir customersininternationalmarketsaswell. ■

MelexisMiniaturizesLED DriversforAutomotive Lighting

www.melexis.com

Melexis,aninfluentialplayerinautomotive LEDdriversforambientlighting,announces theextensionofitsLINRGBfamilywiththe MLX81123.Builtonthesuccessofits predecessor,itdeliverscost-effective performanceandreliabilityinasmallpackage. Byleveraginganewsupplychain,Melexis boostscompetitivenessandensuresbusiness continuityforitscustomers.

AmbientLEDlightingisnowakeydesign featureforautomotivemanufacturers, enhancingtheend-user’sexperienceand helpingOEMstoprovidestrikingvisual distinction.WithwellknownOEMsutilizing ambientlightingextensivelyacrosstheirlatest

models,maintainingareliablesupplychainis paramount.

AsasuccessortoMelexis’incrediblypopular MLX81113,thefourthgenerationMLX81123 featuresaSOIC8andasmallDFN-83mmx 3mmpackaging.Thisminiaturizationenables theuseoflightinanylocationofthecar, whereasbeforetherewerelimitationsdueto spaceconstraints.Manufacturedusing cutting-edgesilicon-on-insulator(SOI) technology,theMLX81123’sminiaturization allowsforanincreasednumberofICsper wafer.Theresultofthisadvancementisboth oneofthesmallestRGBLINICcontrollerson themarketandasignificantincreasein productionoutputvolume–readytomeetthe demandsofthegrowingautomotiveambient lightingmarket.

Withcommonsoftwaredesignandpin-to-pin compatibility(SOIC8)withitspredecessor,it offerseffortlessintegrationintoexisting designs.ReplacementofcurrentMLX81113 chipswiththenewMLX81123isoften possiblewithoutafulldevelopmentcycle.

TheMLX81123deliversRGBaccordingtoLIN 2.xandSAEJ2602.Forsafetyapplications, itsupportssystemintegrationuptoASILB underISO26262.

Theadvanced16-bitmicrocontrollerunit (MCU)isequippedwith2KBRAM,32KBof application-usableflash,andasystemROM withabootloaderandLINdriver.Abuilt-in512 BEEPROMallowsforeffectiveconfiguration, suchasLEDcalibrationcoefficients,whichare neededtoensureuniformcabinbrightness andcolorrepresentation.

TheMLX81123’sLINsystemincludesa transceiverandprotocolhandler,which facilitatetheseamlessconnectionbetween RGBambientmodulesandthepre-existing LINnetworkofthevehicle.Featuringfour high-voltageI/Owithfreeconfigurablecurrent sources(upto60mA),theMLX81123can supportRGBandwhiteLEDsfromawide rangeofsuppliers,allowingforgreater procurementflexibility.TheIC’sindependent 16-bitPWMoutputprovidesprecisecolorand brightnesscontrolofanyconnectedLEDs, meetingthedemandsofavarietyofvehicle ambientapplicationssuchasdoortrim, accent,andinteriorcabinlights.

Insleepmode,theMLX81123exhibitsa

typicalstandbycurrentconsumptionofjust25 µAandfeaturesa28Vjumpstart,aswellas batterymonitoringwithoverand under-voltagedetection.Theoperating temperatureisawide-40°Cto+125°Cwitha built-intemperaturesensorforthermal monitoring,idealforeventhemost demandingautomotiveenvironments.

“Ambientlightingtransitionedfroman aestheticoptioninhigh-endvehiclestoa fundamentalautomotivefeature,providinga newlandscapeforcustomizationandvisual differentiation.Thiscreatesadditionaldemand forautomotiveLEDcontrollers,”saidMichael Bender,ProductLineManagerofEmbedded LightingatMelexis.“OurthirdgenerationLIN RGBICcontrollershaveseenincredible success.ThefourthgenerationMLX81123 takesexistingstrengths,miniaturizesthe solutionandaddsproductioncapabilities.We deliveranunrivaledfeaturesetatapricepoint thatenablesaroll-outacrossvehicleranges fromluxurytoentry-levelmodels”. ■

InstaGmbHLaunches

CSA-CertifiedMatterModule

www.insta.de

InstaGmbH,aleadingelectronicsspecialist basedinLüdenscheid,proudlyannouncesthe launchofitsfirstCSA-certifiedMatterproduct. ThePushButtonModule,abattery-powered devicefeaturingfourbuttons,isnowavailable asanOEMorwhite-labelproductforB2B customers.UtilizingtheMatter1.1 communicationprotocol,thismoduleallows customerstointegratestandardizedsmart functionsintotheirswitchprograms,thereby enhancingtheirproductportfolios.

SmartLightingattheTouchofaButton

ThePushButtonModule(batterytypeCR 2430)offersuserstheconvenienceofturning onlightsandadjustingbrightnesswitha simplebuttonpress.Furthermore,userscan controlshading,activatescenes,andutilize automationfunctionswiththismodule.

Withvariousbuttoncombinations(single, double,orlongpress)andadurable,easily replaceablebattery,flexibleinstallationand useareguaranteed.Themodule’sfour buttonscanbeconfigureddirectlyinMatterto controldevicesoractivatespecificscenes.A connectedMattersystemtranslatesthese commandsintothedesiredactionsor switchesassigneddevices.

ThePushButtonModuleisa“Matterover Thread”device,ensuringenergy-efficientradio communicationthroughThread. CommissioningisconductedviaBluetoothLE andcanbeperformedusinganystandard smartphone.

VersatileIntegration,CompatibilitywithMajor Platforms

InstaGmbH’snewproductfitsseamlesslyinto existingswitchprogramswithinner dimensionsof55x55millimetres,offeringhigh applicationflexibility.Additionally,themodule utilizestheGenericSwitchCluster,makingit compatiblewithsystemslikeAppleHome, SmartThings,andHomeAssistant.Itisalso preparedforusewithbindings.

Thiscompatibilityfacilitatesseamless integrationintoexistingsmarthomesystems. Updatescanbeeasilymanagedthroughthe respectiveMatterplatformapps,ensuringthe systemremainsup-to-date.

TheMattermodulefromInstaGmbHis suitableforvariousapplications,including:

• MatterPlatformAppleHome:Activatingthe “MovieNight”sceneinthelivingroomwith ashortpress.Configurationisdoneviathe AppleHomeapp.

• MatterPlatformSamsungSmartThings: Turningonlightsthroughouttheground floorwithalongpress.Configurationis doneviatheSmartThingsapp.

• MatterPlatformAppleHome:Starting AppleMusicwithafavouriteplaylistusinga doublepress.Theconfigurationisdonevia theAppleHomeapp.

ThePushButtonModuleisnowavailableas anOEMorwhite-labelproductforB2B customers.

AboutInstaGmbH:InstaGmbHisan electronicsspecialistheadquarteredin Lüdenscheid,NorthRhine-Westphalia.The companyservesasaresearch,development, andmanufacturingcenterfordigital networkinginbuildingtechnologyandactsas athinktankforthefutureofbuilding automation.Withapproximately500 employees,InstaGmbHgeneratesabout75 millioneurosinrevenuethroughproductsand OEMcomponents,rangingfromLED dimmerstoInternetofThings(IoT)solutions.

Forover50years,Instahasbeenaleaderin buildingandlightingautomation.Asa co-founderoftheKNXAssociation,Insta emphasizestheimportanceofunified standardstoensureseamlessintegrationof variouscomponentsinhomeandbuilding automation.Establishedin1970asa

technology-drivenjointventurebyGerman socketandswitchmanufacturers,Insta GmbHremainsjointlyownedbyGira GiersiepenGmbH&Co.KG(Radevormwald) andAlbrechtJungGmbH&Co.KG (Schalksmühle). ■

LiteScout®Supportsthe DevelopmentalSkillsof VisuallyImpairedChildren

www.plexiglas-polymers.com

Withtheirluminouscolorsandrounded edges,thecircles,trianglesandsquaresmade ofPLEXIGLAS®moldingcompoundaretrue eyecatchersandinvitelittlehandstotouch andplaywiththem.Andthisispreciselythe intention,astheyaredesignedtoencourage theearlydevelopmentofchildrenwithvisual impairmentsandmultipledisabilities.They formpartoftheLiteScout®system,which consistsofalight-upmagneticboard, transparenttokensandavarietyoflearning games.Glare-freelight,colorsandcontrasts promotechildren’sresidualvisualfunctionand improvetheirvisualperception,hand-eye coordinationandmentaldevelopment.

Today,LiteScout®isaneffectivetherapeutic learningtoolusedin30countries–andit’sall thankstoachanceencounterbetweenthe plasticsandlightingspecialistHagenGlass andatherapistforearlyvisualdevelopment. Theinsightintoherworkinspiredtheownerof Plastolighttoreplaceconventionallightboxes usingfrostedglassandfluorescenttubeswith modernlighttechnologyandlightermaterials.

PLEXIGLAS®impresseswith unsurpassedlight-guidingproperties

AnautomotivesupplieradvisedGlasstouse PLEXIGLAS®,asthebrandPMMAfrom Röhmisalsoaprovenmaterialforlighting applicationsinvehicleconstruction.“Thelight transmittanceandlight-guidingpropertiesof PLEXIGLAS®aresimplyunsurpassed.Itis veryeasytoprocessandlightweight,” commentsGlass,listingtheproperties relevanttohim.“Inaddition,allmaterialsneed tobesafeforchildrenandthereforefreefrom harmfulsubstances.”

ThenameLiteScout®,aplayonthewords “light”and“lightweight,”namestwo advantagesofthetherapeutictool:Light

stimulatesvisualperception,whilelightweight refersdirectlytothefactthatLiteScout® weighsmuchlessthanolderlightbox designs.Fortherapiststhereisavery noticeabledifferencebetweencarryingten kilogramsorjustthreewhenvisitingthe childrentheysupport.

PLEXIGLAS®Softlightforsoftlightanda matteeffect

Theverybrightandhomogenouslyilluminated whitesurfaceismadeofbacklitPLEXIGLAS® sheetmaterial,whilethetranslucentcolored tokensaremadeofaPLEXIGLAS®molding compound.Applicationengineersfrom Röhm’sMoldingCompoundsbusinessunit supportedGlassandhisLiteScout®project whenitcametoselectingtherightmolding compoundandprocessor.Theychose PLEXIGLAS®Softlight.

HeinzSchubkegel,SeniorBusinessManager attheMoldingCompoundsbusinessunitat Röhm,describesthespecialfeaturesofthe product:“Themoldingcompoundsfromthis seriesofferfinelygraduateddiffusereffectsfor homogeneousandglare-freelightextraction. Thismakesthemsuitableforallkindsof lightingapplications,includinglightcovers, lensesandambientlighting.Whencertain processingtechniquesareused,itispossible tocreatesatin-matteorfrostedsurfaces. Moreover,therangeofpropertiesandability tocolorthematerialmeanthatthere’sahigh degreeofdesignfreedom.”

TomaketheLiteScout®tokens,acolorless moldingcompoundistransformedintovibrant colorsusingfluorescentpigments.

“PLEXIGLAS®isidealbecausewecanuseit tomanufacturetokenswithamattefinishthat glowwithanappealingsoftlightwhenplaced ontheluminoussurface.AllLiteScout® componentsneedtobematte,aslight reflectionsonreflectivesurfacesareirritating forpeoplewithvisualimpairments,”explains Glass.

Injection-moldedandextrudedtokens

Glasscontinuouslyimprovedthetoolinclose collaborationwiththerapists,educatorsand self-helpgroups,e.g.,byimprovingthe tokens’thicknessandtheirfeel.Depending onthetypeoflearninggameinquestion, theseareeitherinjection-moldedorextruded fromRöhm’sPMMAmoldingcompound.

Forinstance,apeggametrainsthefinemotor skillsofblindandvisuallyimpairedchildren usingfive-centimeter-highblocksintriangle, squareandcircleshapes.Tomakethese, two-meter-longprofileswithadiameterof2.5 centimetersareextrudedandthencutandthe contoursmilledandpolished.

Incontrast,theinjectionmoldingprocessis usedtomanufacturethe“logicblocks”–flat geometrictokensforinsertionaccordingto

color,shapeandsizeintoablackpuzzlepanel thatismountedonthelightbox’sluminous surface.Withadepthofsevenmillimeters, theyarenowmorethantwiceasthickasthey wereinapreviousdesign,makingiteasierfor childrentogripthem.Topreventthetokens slippingoutoftinyhands,theinjection moldingdiecreatesagrainedsurface structure.Thisiswherethehighreproduction accuracyofPLEXIGLAS®molding compoundsreallycomesintoitsown.Finally, thegatemarksareremovedwithalaserso thatthereisnoriskofinjury.“Theresultisa beautiful,high-qualityproduct,”comments Glass.“Thetokensfeelgoodtotouch,they arerobustandtheyarescratch-resistant.”

Praisefordesign,functionand effectiveness

“PLEXIGLAS®appealstonearlyallofthe senses–ithasahigh-qualityappearance,is pleasanttothetouchandevensoundsgood. Itisanemotionalproductandisespecially captivatingwhencombinedwithlightand color,sparkingthecuriosityofchildrenand adultsalike,”explainsSiamakDjafarian,Senior VicePresidentMoldingCompoundsatRöhm. “Wearedelightedthatourmaterialandits propertiesarehelpingchildrenwithvisual impairmentstolearnandisgivingthemjoy.”

Thedesignandfunctionoftheentire LiteScout®systemarewellreceivedby specialists.StudentsattheHeidelberg UniversityofEducationusedLiteScout®ina studyonthe“effectivenessofusinglight boxesforthepromotionofvisualperception” duetoits“qualitystandardswithregardto size,illuminants,lightdimmability,stabilityand materialdurability.”Theanalysisrevealed “clearlearningeffects”whenhigh-qualitylight boxeswereusedinatargetedand individualizedmanner.“Childrenthatpractice withtheLiteScout®systemforaroundhalfan hourdailymakehugeprogressintheir development,”reportsGlass.Forthisreason, heiscurrentlypartneringwithvariousearly childhooddevelopmentorganizationsto createaconceptthatwillallowfamiliesof childrenwithvisualimpairmentsandmultiple disabilitiestoaccessrenteddevicesforfree. ■

• amsOSRAMproudlypresentstheDURIS® E2835LED,arevolutionaryadvancement inlightingtechnology.Engineeredfromthe packagetotheemitter,theseLEDsfeature aspeciallydesignedleadframethat enhancesdurabilityandflexibilityinlighting strips,ensuringsuperiorperformanceand extendedreliability.

• Withahighcolourrenderingindex(CRI)of upto97,theDURIS®E2835isidealfor applicationsrequiringaccurateandvivid colourrepresentation,suchasretail displaysandmuseums.Thecompact designandhighluminousefficacyof135 lm/Wat3000Kmakeitperfectfor space-constrainedenvironments.

• Offeringarangeofcolourtemperaturesand robustelectrostaticdischargeprotection, theDURIS®E2835isversatileenoughfor indoor,architectural,andwaterproof lightingapplications.

Inaddition,a2400KelvinCCToption compensatesfortheeffectsofthesilicone encapsulantinwaterproofapplicationssuch asswimmingpoolorgardenpondlightingto achieveaCorrelatedColorTemperature(CCT) of3000Kelvinwhencompleted.Thenew LEDsalsofeatureaparticularlyhighColor RenderingIndex(CRI)of97,makingthem idealforretail-displaylighting,museums,and retailpremises.Thispre-moldedPPA2835 LED,withitsstandard2835footprint,offers exceptionalvalueonboththeapplicationand systemlevels.

TheDURIS®E28350.2WSOFTLINEAR fromamsOSRAMisaversatile, high-performanceLEDdesignedtomeetthe evolvingdemandsofmodernlighting applications.Itscompactsize,highCRI, luminousefficacy,andinnovativeflexibility makeitanexceptionalchoiceforawiderange ofuses.Whetherforindoor,architectural,or semi-outdoorlighting,theDURIS®E2835 deliversreliability,efficiency,andsuperior lightingquality,settinganewstandardinLED technology. ■

ams-osram.com

ThenewDURIS®E2835LEDsfromams OSRAMintroduceengineeringinnovationsall thewayfromthepackagetotheemitter. TheseinnovativeLEDsboastaspecially designedleadframeandimprovedreliabilityin thefield—andtheirreducedresistanceto bendingfacilitatestheirintegrationintoflexible strips.

TheBeaconofStandards–InsightsfromCIE’sVPontheEvolution ofLightingTechnology&Design,

PeterTHORNS,Vice-President StandardsatCIE

PeterTHORNS,BSc(Hons)CEng FCIBSEFSLL

“Standardsarenotjustabout compliance;theyarethebridge betweencutting-edgeresearchand practicalapplication,ensuringthat thelatestadvancementsinlighting technologybenefiteveryone,from industryprofessionalstoendusers.”

Inthisexclusiveinterview,wedelveintotheremarkablejourneyofthe VicePresidentofStandardsatCIE,PeterTHORNS.Weexplorehowhe transitionedfromanelectronicsbackgroundtobecomingakeyfigurein lightingstandards.Petershareshisextensiveexperience,startingwith hisearlydaysatThornLighting,andprovidesadetailedoverviewofthe criticalrolethatstandardsplayinthelightingindustry.Wediscussthe scopeofCIE’swork,theintricaciesofvariouspublications,andthe importanceofinternationalcollaborations.Additionally,Peteroffers valuableinsightsintotheevolvinglandscapeoflightingdesign, emphasizingthebalancebetweenenergyefficiency,human-centric lighting,andecologicalconsiderations.Joinusasweuncoverthe impactfulworkofCIEandPeterThorns’visionforthefutureoflighting standards.

https://cie.co.at

LEDprofessional: Peter,thankyoufor theopportunitytoconductthisinterviewwithyou.Firstofall,wewould beinterestedinhearingaboutyour careerjourneyandhowyouultimately becametheVPofStandardsatCIE.

PeterTHORNS: Myoriginalqualification wasinelectronics,andIstartedworking forThornLightinginelectronicsresearch anddevelopment.Thiswasattherelativelyearlystagesofelectroniccontrol gearandtherewasstillalotofmagneticcontrolgearbeingdevelopedand produced.Throughoutmycareerwithin ThornLightingIhavemoveddisciplines andworkedinsoftwaredevelopment, opticaldesign,manufacturingtestequipmentandphotometry.Iendedupworkinginlightingapplications,sohowwe uselightasopposedtoapurelyproductfocus,andmymanagerstartedto involvemeinstandardswork,alongwith industryassociationsandofcourseCIE. Hevolunteeredmetothepositionof DivisionEditorforCIEDivision3(somewhattomysurprise),afterwhichIbecameDivisionDirectorandthenVicePresidentStandards(VPS).InparallelI becamechairofISO/TC274,theISO’s lightandlightingstandardscommittee, whichworksverycloselywithCIE.

LEDprofessional: Canyougiveus anoverviewofthescopeofworkCIE handles,intermsofstandardsoverallandperyear?Pleasealsoexplain thedifferenttermssuchasTechnical Reports,TechnicalNotes,Standards, etc.,sowecanusethecorrectterminologyfromthebeginning.

PeterTHORNS: CIEpresentlyhas about30standardsitisresponsibleor jointlyresponsiblefor.Thenumberof standardsbeingrevised,ornewstandardsbeingproducedcanvary,buttypicallywillbetwoorthreeperyear.

CIEhas3maintypesofpublication,all ofwhichrepresenttheconsensusof internationalexpertsonthetopic:

• AnInternationalStandardprovides rules,guidelinesorcharacteristics aimedatachievinganoptimumdegreeoforderandconsistency.

• ATechnicalReportdocumentsknowledge,experienceand/orbestpractice withinspecifictopics,includingrecommendationsonhowthisinformationshouldbeused.

• ATechnicalNoteisaconcisedocument,maximum10pages,summarizingfundamentalinformationof importancetoCIEmembersandother stakeholdersbutwithoutgoinginto toomuchtechnicaldetail.

LEDprofessional: TobetterunderstandCIE’sactivities,itwouldbeusefultoplacethemwithinthegeneral landscapeofstandardization.There isanISO-CIECommittee,anagreementwiththeIEC,andaCEN/CENELECAgreement.Couldyouexplain thesepartnerships,theirpurposes, andhowtheyinterrelate?Also,what isthestatusoftheongoingcooperationupdates?

PeterTHORNS: CIEisastandardsorganizationrecognizedbyotherstandardsorganizationssuchasIEC,ISO andCEN.Itisalsorecognizedbythe CIPM,theInternationalCommitteeof WeightsandMeasures,asthebody whichprovidesstandardizationofthe actionspectraofthehumaneye,for quantitiesinphotobiologyandphotochemistry,includingV(λ),whichis neededforpracticalimplementationof thecandela,thefoundationofphotometry.WithIECandISOithasmemoranda ofunderstanding,allowingjointworkand jointadoptionofstandards(duallogo standards).

CIEhasacloserelationshipwithISO/TC 274,theISOtechnicalcommitteefor lightandlighting.WheneitherCIEorTC 274startsanewworkitemaJointAdvisoryGroup(JAG)withrepresentatives frombothorganizationsdiscussesthis andrecommendsadevelopmentpath,

• Route1(informative)whereoneorganizationisfullyentrustedwiththework andkeepstheotherfullyinformedof progress,

• Route2(collaborative)whereoneorganizationtakestheleadinthework butliaisonrepresentativesfromthe secondorganizationareinvolved,

• Route3(integrated)whereeachorganizationappointsaco-leaderandboth organizationsarefullyinvolvedinthe work.

Inprinciple,CIEisconcernedwithfundamentalworkwhereasISOTC274 ismoreconcernedwithapplication standards,althoughtherewillbesome blendingattheboundariesofthis.

LEDprofessional: Howdostandards serveastheinterfacebetweenresearch,knowledge,andgoodpracticeinthefieldoflightandlighting design?

PeterTHORNS: Relativelyfewpeople readpublicationsthatgivegooddesign advice.Evenfewerwilllookatacademic papersandresearcharticles.Inthe commercialworld,timepressuresare generallytoohightoallowmorethana cursoryglanceintothesedocumentsas thefocusisonwhatneedstobedone. Thisisgenerallywherestandardsare used.

Sostandardshavetotakeinputsfrom thesedocumentsandweavetheminto requirements,totryandkeeplighting practiceup-to-datewithpracticeand knowledge.

Ofcoursethereisalimittowhatstandardscando.Theyhaveafairlyrigidformatanduseoflanguage,buttheycan movepracticeforward.Andofcourse astandardmaybeaccompaniedby atechnicalreportwhichallowsmore freedomtodiscussanddescriberequirementsandprovidemoregeneral guidance.

LEDprofessional: Inyouropinion, howdostandardsthatgobeyond merelylightingthetaskandinclude aspectslikespace,modelling,and contrast,impactthequalityoflighting designinpractice?

PeterTHORNS: Standardshavedevelopedthroughouttheyearsfrombeing purelyconcernedwithagiventaskto consideringthepersonperformingthe

task.Soifweconsiderasimpletask, usingascrewdriver,thelightingwaseffectivelyspecifiedsothescrewdriver couldbeusedcorrectly.Ittooklittleto noaccountofthepersonholdingthe screwdriver;therequirementswerefor astandardperson.Asstandardshave developedtheynowrecognizethewide varietyofvisualandphysicalcapabilities ofindividualsandprovideadviceonhow basicrequirementsshouldbeadjusted dependinguponthepersonperforming thetask.

Similarly,standardswereconcernedwith lightingthetaskeffectively.Ifwelookat thetimewhencomputerscreenswere newtotheworkplaceandwereintolerantofpoorlighting,lightingrequirements developedtopreventbrightimages andreflectionsobscuringdetailonthe screens.Thisresultedinluminairesthat wereopticallytightlycontrolled,creating cavelikeinteriorswithdarkwallsand ceiling.Standardsnowincluderequirementsforwallsandceilingssothatwe considerthetaskbeingperformed,the toolsbeingused,thepersonperforming thetask,andtheenvironmenttheyare in.

Thiscanbeseeninthelatestupdateto ISO/CIE8995-1,whererequirementsare givenforthetaskandthespace,and adjustmentsarealsosuggestedbased upontheexpectedmodifiersthatwillbe presentwithinaspace.Adesignerdoes notneedtousethesuggestedvalues, theywillunderstandwhatislikelywithin thespacetheyaredesigningintermsof theprofileofthepopulationandeaseor difficultyoftask,butitstartsthethought process. 1

LEDprofessional: Howshoulddesignersapproachstandardsasastarting pointwhilealsoknowingwhenit’s beneficialtodeviatefromthemto achievesomethingspecialintheirdesigns?

PeterTHORNS: Thenamestandards reallydoesdefinewhattheyare:they arerequirementsforstandardizedconditions.Thisistruefromthedefinitionof lightingsincethecandelaisbasedupon theV(λ)curveforastandardizedeyeresponse,throughtoapplicationwhere anofficetaskislittoagivenilluminance level,say500lx.Initselfthisisnotabad

1Forfurtherinformationread:CIE227Lightingfor OlderPeopleandPeoplewithVisualImpairmentin Buildings.

thing,ashavingastartingpointhelps defineadirectionoftravel,butitistoo easyfordesigntobecomea“tick-box” exercisewherecompliancetostandards isenough.

Agooddesignerwillunderstandthe basisofastandard,whatassumptions arebuiltintoanycriteria,andhowto applythisintherealworldwithrealpeople.Isuspectmanyseniorschoolpupils coulduselightingdesignsoftwareand produceastandardscompliantlightingschemewithonlyasmallamount oftraining.Thisdoesnotmeanthey woulddesigngoodplacestobein,as thistakesthatextraunderstandingof lightandliteffect.Andthisistheextra thatadesignerbrings.Itmaymeanignoringsomerecommendationswithin standardsbutaslongasthisisdone fromapositionofknowledgeandunderstandingitcancreatespecialspaces.

Ofcourse,gooddesignalsoinvolvesunderstandinghowdifferingproductsand producttypeslightaspaceandchange thecharacterofthespace,anditispossibletocomplywithstandardsanduse productselectiontocreatethemagic. Butweshouldnotbeslavestostandards,aslongaswehavetheknowledgeandabilitytostillcreatecomfortable,useablespaces.

LEDprofessional: Canyouelaborate ontherelationshipbetweenstandardsandlegislation,andhowdisconnectsbetweenthetwocanaffect theimplementationofeffectivelightingsolutions?

PeterTHORNS: Standardsreflectthe consensusofexpertsonthegiventopic. Theyarerecommendationsorguidance, butnotmandatoryunlesstheyarereferencedinlegislationthatspecifiesthat theirprovisionsarerequirements.Legislationcanalsodefinelegalrequirements forproductsandapplications.Legislators(andregulators,thepublicservants whosupportthem)generallylackthe technicalknowledgetoprovidethenecessarydetailabouthowtomeasureor verifythattherequirementshavebeen met.Standardsprovidethesedetails.

Iflegislationdefinesarequirementfor whichthereiscurrentlynostandard thenthiscreatesaproblem,ascompliancebecomesdependentuponhow themeasurementmethodisinterpreted

andvaluesmaynotbecomparablebetweendifferentproductsorsolutions.

LEDprofessional: Howcanwebetter balancetheneedforenergyefficiency inbuildingswiththeneedforcomfortable,productiveenvironmentsfor occupants?

PeterTHORNS: Toanextent,legislationandtherequirementscontained thereintakeafairlysimplisticviewpoint whenconsideringmanytopics,includingenergyefficiency.Asimplemetric ispreferredevenifthatmetricisonly oneaspectoftheproblem.Tothisway ofthinking,abuildingthatusesasmall amountofenergyisbetterthanabuildingthatusesalargeramount.

Thislogicmissesthepoint.Weconstructbuildingsnotasenergy-using machines,butasspacestoservea purpose.Ofcoursewedon’twantto consumemoreenergythanisrequired forthatpurpose,butforbuildingsoccupiedbypeople,theenergyconsumption isnotthemostimportantperformance metric.Abuildingthatcreatesaproductiveenvironmentwilluseenergymore effectivelythanonethatpeopledislike beinginbecauseusefulworkwillbeperformedbypeoplewhoarehealthierand happier.

Weneedtoconcentrateonhowmuch energyweuse,whichisstillimportant, butalsohoweffectivelyweusethatenergy.Weneedtomoveawayfromconsideringinstalledcapacityasasuitable standalonemetric.Theinstalledcapacityofanapplianceorluminairedoesnot changewhetheritisturnedonoroff.We needtoconsiderenergyuse,i.e.how arebuildingservicescontrolledtooptimizetheenvironmentwhilstminimizing energyuse.

Wecancreatecomfortable,productive andenergyefficientspaces,buttodo thisregulatorswillneedtorecognize thatenergyusefluctuatesthroughout thedaybasedonoccupancy,daylight availability,thetaskbeingperformedand themoodoftheoccupant(s).Designers andfacilityoperators,inturn,needto providetheflexibilitythatallowsspaces tohavevariablelightingdependingupon thetask.Smartuseofcontrols,including individualcontroloverlocallighting,can helptosquarethatcircle.

LEDprofessional: Whatarethekey challengesinpromotingintegrative orhuman-centriclighting,andhow cantheindustrybetterhighlightthe broaderbenefitstosociety?

PeterTHORNS: Oneoftheinitialproblemswithintegrativelightingisthat,as mentionedabove,weuseinstalledload asanenergyefficiencymetric.Integrativelightingrequireshigherthannormal levelsofilluminationduringsomeparts oftheday,requiringahigherinstalled load.However,trueintegrativelighting variesthelightlevelsthroughouttheday, andaveragedoverthedaymaybeas energyefficientasstaticlightingsolutions.So,thefirstthingweneedtodois torethinkourenergymetrics.

Afterthisweneedtochangeourdesign practice.Placingtheluminairesinthe ceilingdoesnotallowtrueintegrative lightingaseverypersonisdifferentwith differingneeds.Toaddressthisweneed individuallighting.Sotheceilingluminairesbecomeambientlighting,ensuring safemovementandlightingwithinthe space(walls,ceiling,etc.),andpersonal lightingissuppliedviadesklightsorindividualluminaires,perhapsfloor-standing.

Thereisnouniversaltickofthecircadian clockandexceptinspecificcircumstancesitisdifficulttocreateone.In areaswithrelativelyfixedpopulations, nursinghomesforexample,theresidentsarerelativelyfixedandtheirdaily patternismoreregimented.Inoffices orspaceswithalargenumberofoccupantswhospendpartofthedayworkingandpartofthedayathome,socializing,etc.thisisnotpossible.Theperson whogoestoasportseventthatislitto 2,000lxandfinishesat10:00PMwill nothavethesamecircadianneedsas thepersonwhohasaquieteveningand earlynight.Norwilltheunder30worker havethesamecircadianentrainmentas theover50workerinthesamespace. Soweneedtoforgetaone-size-fits-all solutionandstartprovidingcapability andunderstanding.Ifapersoncanunderstandtheimpactsandpossibilities fromlight,andhasthefacilitiestouse lighttoimprovetheirwell-being,then theyhavethepotentialtothrive.Ifwe givethecapabilitywithoutthetrainingit willbewasted,orpossiblyusedbadlyto thedetrimentoftheperson.Ifwesupply trainingwithoutthecapabilityitwillcreatedissatisfactionandfrustration.

Sointegrativelightinghasgreatpotentialbutneedscarefulmanagementand everyoneneedstobeinvolved,notjust facilitiesmanagersorbuildingowners. 2

LEDprofessional: Howcanthelightingindustrymovebeyondareactionaryapproachtosustainabilityand adoptamoreholisticviewthatincludesbothrepairabilityandmaterial efficiency?

PeterTHORNS: Infairnesstolighting andthelightingindustryitisoneaspect ofthebuiltenvironmentthathasmade greatprogressintermsofefficiency. However,energyefficiencyisnotthe sameasresourceefficiency.

Aproblemthatexists,notjustwithin lighting,istheimperativethatwehaveto beseentobedoingsomethingwithout necessarilyensuringitistherightthing. Anexampleisif,bydefault,weneedto ensurethatamass-producedproductis repairable.Tomakeitrepairablewewill needtoaddmaterialcontentintheform offasteningsandconnectors.Howeverifthisisaveryreliableanddurable productitmayhaveaverylowfailure rateandtheoverallimpactofthematerialcontentthatisaddedtoallofthe non-failedproductsmayoutweighthe savingsfromrepairingthefewfailures. Rememberthatthematerialcontentis notjustinthecomponentsbutinthefull manufacturingandsupplychainforthe components.Butpoliticallyandpublicly itisperceivedthatitmustberepairable.

Thisisnottosaythatrepairabilityshould beignored:itshouldbethedefaultcondition.Butitshouldbeconsideredfrom aninformedviewpoint.Similarly,material efficiencyshouldnotdefaulttomaterial reduction.Ifbyreducingmaterialcontent wealsoreducedurabilityitisafalsesaving.Sosustainabilityneedstobecomea wayoflifeandawayofthinking,andnot areactiontoacceptedwisdom.

Inaddition,sustainabilityshouldbefrom cradle-to-cradle,notpurelyaproduct characteristic.Whererawmaterialsoriginate,wheretheyareused,wastewithin thesystem,side-impactsintermsof wasterequiringspecialtreatment(think paintplantsforexample),etc.shouldall beconsidered.Andwealsoneedtorememberethicalaspectssuchaschildor slavelabor.

2Forfurtherinformationread:ISO/CIETR21783Integrativelighting–Non-visualeffects.

Sothelightingindustry,thewholelightingvaluechain,hastomoveitsthinking. Andthiswillhaveacostbecausesustainableproductionandproductshave apriceoverhead.Cheapproductshave alwaysbeenavailable,andnowadays especiallyfromonlineshops.Untilwe demandproductsthathaveasustainablepedigree,intermsofindependent andverifiedenvironmentalproductdeclarationsfromsupplierswithsimilarenvironmentalstandards,wearenottaking theissueseriously.

LEDprofessional: Whatarethemain obstaclestointegratinglightingcontrolsasafundamentalpartoflighting designratherthananafterthought, andhowcanweaddressthesechallenges?

PeterTHORNS: Whenadesignerplans thelightinginaspacetheytendtodesignfortheworst-casescenario,oraccepteddefault(think500lxforanoffice)andproducealightinglayoutbased onthis.Lightingcontrolsmaythenbe addedtotakeaccountofdaylightand occupancy.Abetterwaytodothis wouldbetodefinethelightingneeds forthevarioususesofthespace,define controlscenariosforthese,andthendesignthelightingtoachievethem.This willprobablychangetheproposedlayoutasthepositioningofluminaireswill bedrivenbythescenariosratherthana genericlayoutforuniformlighting.

LEDprofessional: Howdoyouenvisionthefutureoflightingcontrols, especiallywiththepotentialinclusion ofAItocreateproactivesystems? Whatarethebenefitsandchallenges associatedwiththis?

PeterTHORNS: Currentlylightingcontrolsarereactive.Theysenseaperson, oraquantityofdaylight,andadjustto thesituation.Asmodernlightingisan instantresponsetechnologythismeans peoplecanenteradarkspacebefore theyaresensed,orspacesgofromdark tobrightinstantly.Inlongcorridorsit maymeanwalkingpastdarkspaces orcorridorsthatrunoffthemainroute, whichisuncomfortable.

Also,presentlightingcontrolshaveno conceptoftheindividual.Theylackthe ideathatonepersonprefersahigher lightleveltoanother,orthatoneperson generallyperformsadifferentfunctionto another.

Ifcontrolscouldrecognizepeople,understandtheirnormalroutinesandpreferences,thenthelightingcouldproactivelyrespondtoaperson,frequently usinglesslightandensuringcomfortable spacesbasedonindividualpreferences.

Lightingcontrolscanalreadybeusedto trackspaceutilization,allowingspaces tobeusedmoreeffectivelybothinterms ofrentalcostsandalsoenergyusage. Lightingcanalsobeusedtotrackthe movementofpeopleandmachinery.An exampleistrackingmovementofpeopleduringbreaksorattheendofashift, andalsolorries,forklifttrucks,etc.to ensurethatmovementpatternsdonot createunsafeconditions.Thiscanbe extendedtonotjusttrackmovementbut topredictmovement,basedonhistorical patternsandchangesinbehavior,creatingsaferworkplaces.

However,thishasanumberofissues suchasdataprotection.Peoplemaybe uncomfortableaboutbeingperceived tobetrackedandmonitored,evenifit makestheirlifeeasierandsafer,and thereareprivacyissuesregardingthe useoffacialrecognition.Thisisamixtureofensuringbackgroundsystemsare safeandsecure,intermsofcybersecurity,andinformingpeopleaboutsuch systemssotheycanunderstandthem better. 3

LEDprofessional: Howcanwedeveloplightingsolutionsthatbalance humanneedswithecologicalconsiderations,avoidingone-dimensional solutionsthatmayinadvertentlyharm theenvironment?

PeterTHORNS: Thefirstthingwehave todoisbehonestandrecognizethat theonlyecologicallyfriendlylightsources arethesunandmoon.Thisisnotto saythatotherlightingisbad,becauseit addressestheneedsofpeople,butwe havetobalancetheseneedsagainstthe needsoftheplanet.Wecanproduce electriclightingthatminimizesimpacts, nottotallyremovethem,andthenonly useitwhenitisrequiredasopposedto duringallofthehoursofdarkness.

Thebigproblemwithlightingisthatwe tendtobeveryone-dimensionalwhen weconsiderecology.Forexample,one ofthebiggestproblemsisthatwehave

3Forfurtherinformationread:CIE222Decision SchemeforLightingControlsinNon-ResidentialBuildings.

protectedspeciesthatmaybeaffected bythelighting.Thisdirectsdesignersto concentrateonproducingsolutionsthat minimizetheimpactonthesespecies duetotheirlegalstatus.Butthisignores thefullecologicalfood-chain,andifwe breakthischainatanypointthenthe protectedspecieswillbeimpactedindirectlyandeitherdieoutormigrateto otherareas.Forexampleifwechange thefloweringpatternofplantsthenpollinatorsmaynotbeactiveduringthe floweringperiod.Andwhenthepollinatorsareactivetheremaybeverylittleto pollinate,impactingfoodsupply.This continuestoimpactupthefoodchain, affectingeverythinginit.

Spaces,whetherurban,sub-urbanor rural,havepatternsofuseduringtheday andthroughouttheyearandweneed tounderstandtheseandlightthemaccordingly.Toooftenwelighttoassumed usage,oreventolevelsinstandardsthat onlyapplyduringthebusiestpartsofthe day,insteadofusinglightthatadaptsto thepatternsofthespace.Inaddition, weneedtoovercomeageneralfearof thedarkinsociety.Aswehaveused moreandmorelighting,peoplehave losttheknowledgeofdarkness,andthis createsanunderlyingfearofit.Lightingemptyroadsandstreetsthatremain emptyformanyhoursduringthenightis notdefensible,eitherecologicallyorfrom anenergyviewpoint.Weneedtogivea valuetothedarknessthathasbeenlost. 4

LEDprofessional: Howdoyousee standardsevolvingtomoveaway fromthestatusquoandstartincorporatingalternativemethodsand metricssuchastheEuropeanstandardthatspecifiesthelightingrequirementsforindoorworkspaces toensurevisualcomfortandperformance(annexBofEN12464-1:2021)?

PeterTHORNS: Thisisadifficultprocessascurrentmetricsandmeasures aredeeplyembeddedinlightingpractice.Evensmallchangesinstandards contentcanstartdeepdiscussions.

UsingEN12464-1asanexample,the scheduleofrequirements(tables)were expandedinthecurrentversion.This includedinformationthathadpreviously beeninthetextofthestandardasex-

4Forfurtherinformationread:CIE150Guideonthe limitationoftheeffectsofobtrusivelightfromoutdoor lightinginstallations.

perienceshowedmanypeopledonot readstandards,onlytablesofrequirements.Contextmodifiershadexistedin thestandardsince2002butintroducing theseintothetableswasverycontroversial,eventhoughthiswasdonetoprovideastartingpointfortheconsideration ofdesignedlightinglevelsandnotadesignendpoint.Afterall,acompetent designerknowsbestwhichmodifiersare sensibletoapplyandwhicharenot.

InannexBofEN12464-1wealsointroducedinformationonalternativedesign metricsandmethods.Theseweremean ambientilluminancefromGovenetal, meanroomsurfaceluminousexitance fromCuttle,andvisuallightnessandinterestfromLoeetal.Thiswastostart adiscussionondesign,whatwewere reallytryingtoachieveandhowtodo this.Alloftheinformationisinformative, sonotarequirement,butitintroduces thetopics.Ideallyoneormoreofthese methodswillbecomeaparalleldesign metricinthefutureandmovefrombeinginanannextothemaintextofthe standard.Informeddesignerscouldthen userelevantmetricswhilststillcomplyingwiththestandard.Howeverthisisa seismicchangeandwillneedtodevelop momentumbeforeitwillgainanyhold ingeneraldesignpractice.Justhaving peopleunderstandconceptssuchas meanroomsurfaceluminousexitance, whattheyare,whytheyareimportant, andhowtousethem,willbeabigstep.

Sostandardswillevolve,butitismore likelytobethroughsmallstepsasopposedtobigstrides.

LEDprofessional: Wewouldalsolike totakealookatotherglobalandrelatedstandards.Wherearethereinternationaleffortsthatwillimpactthe lightingindustry,suchastheWELL Standardandotherinitiatives?Isthe CIEinvolvedintheseeffortsandcoordinatingthelightingdomain?

PeterTHORNS: Realisticallycoordinatingthelightingdomainisanimpossibletaskastherearetoomanyother actorswithinthisspace.However,the CIEdoestalkwithmanyofthemand CIEmembersareinvolvedinmuchof theirwork,eveniftheyarenotdirectly representingtheCIE.Inaddition,many organizationsarecommercialbusiness, suchasWELL,whicharethereforeoutsidethescopeoftheCIEwhichcannot beseentobefavoringacommercial

organizationaccordingtotherulesfor standardsorganizations.

SotheCIEisinvolvedwithmanylighting organizations,eitherdirectlyorindirectly viaitsmembers,whichhelpsspread theworkoftheCIEintostandardsand guidance.

LEDprofessional: DoyouhaveageneralstatementontherolethatCIE’s findingswillplayinthefuturedevelopmentofthelightingindustry?

PeterTHORNS: TheCIEcontinuesto leadmanyaspectsoflighting.Intheyear thattheV(λ)curvereachesitscentenary wecanlookattheotheractionspectrathattheCIEhasdefined,suchas conefundamentalsandthemelanopic responsecurve.TheCIE’scontinuing workincolorimetryupdatesthesestandardstokeepthemrelevantwiththe latestknowledge.Somuchworkofthe CIEisinthebackground,dealingwith thefundamentalsthelightingindustryis builtupon.

Ofcourse,theCIEalsoproducesapplicationsguidanceandbestpractice.An exampleofcurrentworkisforadecision schemetodeterminelightingrequirements.Thisaimstomoveawayfrom tablesofvaluestoasetofvariablesthat gobeyondthetypeofactivitytobeperformedandincludethemostrelevant influencingfactors,suchasvisualtask characteristics,personalvariables,and contextualvariables.Anotherexample wouldbeworkonelectriclightingand itsimpactonthenaturalenvironment whichaimstoprovideguidanceonways tominimizetheeffectsoflightingonthe naturalenvironment,includingimpacts onfloraandfauna.Thiswillmakerecommendationsonlightlevels,spectral distributions,andotherspecificconsiderationsofabroadrangeoforganisms aswellasspecifichabitats.

TheCIEisinvolvedinbothfundamentals andalsoapplicationtopicsthatwillhelp guidethelightingindustryintothefuture.

LEDprofessional: Towardstheend ofourconversation,wearecurious abouthowresearchers,developers, designers,anduserscanaccessand stayupdatedontheresultsofCIE’s work.Howcanonebeinvolvedin thisflowofinformation,andarethese resourcesfreelyavailableorarethere associatedfees?

PeterTHORNS: Thefirstpointofcallis theCIEwebsite.Hereyoucanfindall theCIEpublications,availableforpurchase,andalsothecurrentworkitems foreachoftheCIE’ssixscientificDivisions.Tobeactivelyinvolvedyoureally needtojoinyournationalCIEcommitteeorassociatenationalcommittee, althoughlargeorganizationsmaychoose tobecomeSupportiveMembersofCIE .Thisdoeshaveacostbutmanyacademicinstitutionshavemembershipso itisalwaysworthcheckingifthisexists first.

CIEdoespublishsomefreeinformation intheformofTechnicalNotesandPositionStatements,butmostpublications dohaveacost.MembersofNational Committeeshaveaccesstosubstantial discounts.

Solikeallgoodthingsinlife,workingin theCIEisacommitment,butitisalso veryrewarding.

LEDprofessional: Standardsmight initiallyseemdry,butyouhaveopened anewwindowandprovidednewperspectives.Thankyouverymuchfor thesevaluableinsights!

PeterTHORNS: Thankyouforthisopportunity. ■

Foradditionalinformation,pleasevisit https://cie.co.at

JilSanderNewBondStreetStore, London

LichtvisionDesign

JilSander’snewflagshipstorereveals aninnovativeretailconceptandlightingdesignwithinthecontextofluxurystores.Designedtomakeyou feelateaseandwithanatmosphere ofcalmandelegance,theproducts softlystandoutunderaglowingluminousceiling,whoselightreveals surfacetexturesandintricatedetails withinfinelycraftedarchitecturalenclosures.Atthebasementlevel,the designbecomesevenmoreintimate andintriguing.Sculpturaldomesare dottedaroundthespacelike‘indents’ intheceiling.Thesehiderecessed spotlightsthatlighttheroomaswell asgiveaccentstotheproducts.

Project: JilSander,NewBondStreetis thebeginningofaworldwiderolloutof refurbishedstoreswithabrandnewinteriorconceptdevelopedbyCasperMueller KneerArchitects.Thematerialityisatthe heartoftheprojectandstoneistheprimaryelementofthestore’sconstruction. Theluminousceilingisdesignedtosoftly revealthedifferentsurfacetexturesofthe travertinemarble.Theoverarchingceiling allowsforthegentlehighlightingofbothJil Sanderproductsandthearchitectureunderneath.Thebriefforthelightingwasto provideasettingtoallowproductstoreally beintheforeground;thisinanenvironment wherecolor,textureandmaterialsarealmostconstantlychanging.Itisaspace thatfeelscalmandelegant.

Theoverarchingluminousceilingembraces thevisitorswithsoftdiffuselightwhilerevealingthetexturesandshadesofcolor ofthenaturaltravertinestone.Additional spotsandfurniture-integratedlightingcompletetheview,softlyraisingthecontrasts andgivingtherightaccenttotheproducts withoutdisruptingtheetherealatmosphere ofthespace.

JILSANDERNEWBONDSTREET STORE,LONDON

Typology: RetailStore

LightingDesign: LichtvisionDesign

ScopeofWork: ArtificialLighting Completion: October2023

Location: London,UK

Client/Owner: JilSander

Tenant/User: JilSander

ProjectTeamLichtvisionDesign: Karen Ihlau(ProjectDirector),PaoloCocconi (ProjectDesigner)

DesignArchitect: CasperMuellerKneer

Architects

Contractor: LambertiConstruction

Photographer: (c)PaulRiddle

LightingSupplier: Lineardiffusependant lightingaboveceilinglouvres:Flashaar, Spotlightsinceilingdomesandbetween ceilinglouvres:DGA,Furnitureintegrated lighting:DGA

LightingControls: ModeLighting

ProjectContact&Links studio.london@lichtvision.com www.jilsander.com

Atthebasementlevel,themoodchanges intoamoreintimateandhome-likeenvironment.Thelightingishiddenfromsightin domesthatseemtobecarvedoutofthe ceilingsurface.Thesedomeshavebeen dimensionedinsuchawaythatnospill lightwillhittheinternalsurfaces,givingthe impressionthattheyprovidelight,without lighting.Thefirstimpressionisamagical eleganceandgeneralfeelingofease.

Innovation: Thelightingdesignconcentratedoncreatingacalmandinvitingatmospherebutwithouttheuseofobvious decorativedesignelementswasdifferent tootherhigh-endstoresandrepresented moreofahospitalityapproach.Theteam quicklyhonedintotheconceptofcreating intimatespacesandthatfeelingofease. Thelightingwascreatedasabackdropto thespaces,gentlyenhancingtexturesand allowingtheproductstostandoutsoftly.

Itmeantacarefulbalanceoflightlevelsbetweenthegroundfloorandthebasement, contrastvaluesbetweengenerallighting andaccents(approx.a1:2ratio)andcare-

fulconsiderationofsurfacereflectance’s usedthroughoutthestore.Forexample,a slightsheenontheoff-whiteceilinglouvre’s paintresultedinitiallyinabigburnfrom thelinearlightingabove.Oncecorrected, theluminousceilingdidindeedcreatethis overarchingeffectwewereafter.Itwas atinydetailthatwasthemake-or-break forthesuccessoftheceilinglightingsolution.Atthegroundfloorleveltheideaof anoverarchingluminousceilingthatshows anopengridbutconcealsthegeometries intheperspectivewastested.Theatmosphereandoverallfeelislightandbright. Incontrast,thebasementhaslowceilingsandthelightingishiddenfromsightin domesthatseemtobecarvedoutofthe ceilingsurface.Thelowerlightlevelscoincidewiththemoreintimateatmosphere desired.

Theteamdevelopedanewworkflowwith thearchitects,usingtheir3Dmodelnot onlyforlightingcalculationsbutalsofor theoptimizationandtestingoftheoverallvisualappearance.Thisreducedthe needofsitemock-upstoaminimumand alsohelpedonafast-paceddesignand constructiontimeline.Theinnovativeretail conceptechoesacommitmenttobuilda durableenvironment,designedtoagewell, andovertime,integratingnaturalmaterials andre-usedmaterials.Thespacefeatures marble,brasselementsandtimberpieces whilefurnitureelementsaremadefromrecycledplasticfromcompactdisccases. Thelightingelementsechothissentiment byusingqualityproductsforlonglifetimes, excellentlightingcriteriaandwarranties. Manufacturershaveastrategyforrecycling andrepairingthefixtureswithouthavingto fullyreplacethem.

Simplelightingcontrolsallowforthreesettingsduringatypicaldayandnightcycle.Acurfewtimeensuresthelightingis switchedoffinthemiddleofthenight.

https://www.lichtvision.com/en

IlluminatingtheFuturewith Sustainable3DPrintedLighting Solutions

PhilipsMyCreation-ALightingBrandbySignify

Inrecentyears,thelightingindustry hasbeenundergoingaperiodofrapid transformation,drivenbyarangeof technological,social,andenvironmentalfactors.Fromtheriseofsmart lightingsystemstotheincreasingdemandforsustainablematerialsand productionmethods,theindustryis facingarangeofchallengesandopportunities.

Oneofthemostexcitingdevelopments inlightingtechnologiesanddesign istheuseof3Dprinting.PhilipsMyCreationisrevolutionizingthelighting industrywiththiscutting-edgetechnology.Thisinnovativeventurebuilds ontheexpertiseofitsparentcompany Signify,theworldleaderinlighting, whichhasbeenattheforefrontof3D printingsinceitsinceptionin2016.

PhilipsMyCreationaimstomake3Dprintingaccessibletoprofessionalsandconsumers,democratizingthetechnologyfor all.SignifylaunchedthePhilipsMyCreation brand,whichprovidesanonlineplatform [1] andintuitiveinterfaceforuserstoconfigure,and3Dprintlightingfixturesthat catertotheirpreferences.Theplatform’s successunderscorestheimportanceof agileproductionmethodsinmeetingcustomerneedswithspeedandefficiency.

Bycollaboratingwithresearchinstitutions andstartups,PhilipsMyCreationcontinuallyimprovesitsprocesses,pushingthe boundariesofsustainabledesignandproduction.Signifyiscommittedtofuturefocusedclimateactionandreducinglandfills,settingambitiousgoalsforthefuture.

“We’recommittedtostayingattheforefrontoflightingdesignandtechnology. Weareconstantlyexploringnewmaterials,techniques,andtechnologiesthatcan helpuscreateevenmoreinnovativeand sustainablelightingsolutions.Whetherit’s experimentingwithnew3Dprintingmaterialsorcollaboratingwithleadingdesigners andarchitects,we’realwayspushingthe boundariesofwhat’spossible.”

––BartMaeyens,Headofbusiness3D printingatSignify

ThePowerof3DPrinting Technology

www.philips.com/mycreation

So,whatexactlyis3Dprinting,andhow doesitapplytolightingdesign?Insimple terms,3Dprintingisaprocessofcreating three-dimensionalobjectsfromdigitalfiles. Itworksbylayingdownsuccessivelayers ofmaterialuntiltheentireobjectiscreated.Thistechnologyhasbeenaroundfor

decades,butrecentadvancementshave madeitmoreaccessibleandapplicableto awiderrangeofindustries,includinglightingdesign.

PhilipsMyCreationutilizescutting-edge3D printingtechnology Figure 1 toproduce lightingfixturesthatarebothaesthetically pleasingandhighlyfunctional.Withhundredsofprinterslocatedinvarioushubs worldwide,theyarereadilyavailablefor servicenearby.Operatingonanindustrial scale,theyareequippedformassproductionandcanprintinahighlyautomated mannerandondemand.Their3Dprinters enablethemtocreateintricatedesignsand complexgeometrythatwouldbeunattainableusingtraditionalmanufacturingmethods.Thiscapabilityallowsthemtopush theboundariesoflightingdesign,resulting inuniquefixtureswithawidevarietyofcolors,textures,shapes,sizes,andmounting options.

Figure1: PhilipsMyCreationutilizescutting-edge 3Dprintingtechnology

Whenlookingfortheperfectlightingdesign tocomplementyourbrandorspace,it isessentialtoaddapersonaltouchand uniqueness.AtPhilipsMyCreation,you havetwooptionsforfindingtheperfect customlightingsolution:youcaneither choosefromtheirpre-designedproducts orcollaboratewiththePhilipsMyCreation teamtocreateapersonalizeddesign.

Ifyouoptforpre-designedlightingsolutions,youcancustomizethemtofityour specificneeds.Whetheryouareabusiness,designer,oranindividual,thereare variousoptionstochoosefrom,suchas differentshapes,textures,colors,and mounting.Theportfolioincludeshighqualityfunctionalanddecorativeluminaires, suchasdownlights,projectors,andpendants,designedinternallyorincollaborationwithexternaldesignerslikeLexPott, BastenLeijh,andSebastianBergne.An exampleofpre-designedlightingsolutions istheAccentD65andEssential.

PhilipsMyCreationalsooffersthecapability todesignandproduceatrulyone-of-akindlightingfixturethatcaterstothespecificneedsandpreferencesofitsclients

Figure 2.The3Dprintingtechnologyenablesitsclientstocreateapersonalized productswiftlyandeffortlessly.Theclient willcollaboratewiththeirtopdesigners throughastructured6-stepapproachto co-createbespokedesigns:

1. Share:Clientsinitiatetheprocessby sharingtheirprojectsandinspirational ideas.

2. Sketch:Collaboratively,theinitialrough sketchesarecreatedtobringconcepts tolife.

3. Select:Clientsanddesignersworktogethertoselectandfinalizethepreferreddesignfollowingthesketch phase.

4. Specify:Thisphaseinvolvesrendering thedesignandincorporatingfinalprices andspecifications.

5. Prototype:Thefinalizedprototypeisdeveloped,andclientscanprovidefeedbackforanynecessaryadjustments.

6. Print:Oncetheprototypeisapproved, thedesignisreadyforprintinganddelivery,ensuringaswiftandefficientcreationprocess.

Figure2: PhilipsMyCreationalsooffersthecapabilitytodesignandproduceatrulyone-of-a-kind lightingfixturethatcaterstothespecificneeds andpreferencesofitsclients.

Accent D65

The Accent D65 lighting family consists of multiple archetypes with consistent light quality in a sleek and subtle design. With a diameter size of 65mm, this versatile lighting solution is highly energy-efficient and offers various color and texture options. It is an ideal choice for fashion retail, hospitality, and residential applications.

"This accent lighting solution family is designed with circularity in mind, just like our other products. What sets this luminaire family apart is that the printed parts, as well as the heat sink, are made with recycled materials. The 3D-printed housing is crafted from at least 55% recycled or bio-circular materials, while the heatsink is made from 85% recycled aluminum. In addition, these luminaires are upgradable, reusable, serviceable, and recyclable, making them a true game-changer in the world of lighting design."

ASHIM KUMAR PAL Product Manager at Philips MyCreation

SustainablebyDesign

SustainabilityliesattheheartofPhilips MyCreation,offeringtheircustomersthe opportunitytomakeapositiveimpact. Byoptingfortheirlightingsolutions,you canplayaroleincontributingtoacircular economy,cuttingdownonCO2 emissions, andminimizingwaste.Theseproductsare inherentlysustainable,craftedforcircularity, withsustainabilityconsiderationswoven intoeveryphaseoftheproductionprocess

Figure 3

Figure3: Stagesofasustainableproduction process.

Tocreatelightingsolutionsthataredesignedforsustainability,itallbeginswith thechoiceofsourcematerials.Thatiswhy allprintedpartsoftheluminairesaremade withaminimumof55%sustainablematerials.Theystrictlyavoidusing100%virgin materialsintheirprintingprocess.The productscontaineitherpost-industrialrecycledmaterials, ISCCPluscertified [2] bio-circularmaterials,orpost-consumerrecycledmaterials.Inthepast,theyhavereleasedseveralcollectionsmadefromwaste materials,suchasoldCDsandfishing nets.Since2023,theyhaveintroducedthe SpringOasiscollection [3] thatrepurposes waterjugsandtheycontinuetoexplore otherpost-consumerrecycledmaterialsto turnwasteintoinnovativeproducts.

Forthepackaging,theyuseatleast80% recycledpaper-basedboxes.Plus,they haveeliminatedsingle-useplasticsfromall theirpackageswithluminaires:noblisters, noplasticdustprotectioncapsfordownlights [4],andnoplasticbags.

Anditdoesnotstopthere.Thelightingsolutionsarealsohighlyenergyefficientas theycontainadvancedLED(LightEmittingDiode)drivers,LEDmodules,and LEDlightsourcesfromSignify.Theenergyefficiencycanvarydependingonthe productseries,rangingfrom100lm/Wto 180lm/W.Thelamp-basedproductscan reach210lm/WwhenusingUltra-Efficient

Custom-designed3DprintedluminairesforMcDonald’s.CredentialstoMcDonald’sincorporation.

A-classbulbs.Thereasontheyprioritize energyefficiencyintheirdesignsisbecauseenergyconsumptionduringtheuse phaseisthelargestpartofLifeCycleAssessments(LCA)forluminaires.Inaddition, theproductsarelightweight,resultingin alowercarbonfootprintassociatedwith manufacturing,shippingandtransportation [5]

Theproductshavealongandreliablelifetimeofupto100,000hoursandcanbe connectedtomultiplelightingmanagementand(building)automationsystems.

Therearewiredandwirelesssolutionse.g.: Interact,DALIandMasterConnect.Allconnectedsolutionsarecertifiedoratleast complywithinternationalcommunication standardssuchasZigbee,Wi-Fi,DALI, POE(PowerOverEthernet)andBluetooth Figure 4.TheInteractReadyproducts complywiththeDiiAstandardregardingluminaire,energy,anddiagnosticdata.And, throughtheintegratedsensors,youwill avoidceilingacneandcomplexinstallations.

Figure4: InteractReadyluminairewithanintegratedsensor.

Plus,PhilipsMyCreationstrivestoprovide productsthatarenotonlyenergyefficient butalsodurableandreliable.Thatiswhy theymakeaLifeCycleAssessment(LCA) foreachproductseriesandcreatean EnvironmentalProductDeclaration (EPD) tocommunicatetheoutcome,the brandcanprovidetherequestedenvironmentaldatathatisusuallyrequiredforthe manyhundredsofenvironmentalorgreen labelsandcertificates.

Amongtheseveralcertificationsachieved, certainNorthAmericanproductsreceived theprestigious Declarecertification issuedbytheInternationalLivingFutureInstitute.Thislabelemphasizesthebrand’s commitmenttocreatingproductswithmaterialsthatbenefittheworld.

ReducingEmissionsand Waste

PhilipsMyCreationaimstotransitionto afullycircularapproachinits3Dprinting operations.Thisinvolvesestablishinga sustainableproductlifecycle.Theyhave setuptheirproductionprocesstoenable on-demandmanufacturingandlocalproduction.Thisallowsthemtoeliminatethe needforholdingstockoffinishedproducts,reducingtheriskofunsoldinventory. Thisapproachnotonlyminimizesinefficient capital,energy,andmaterialusagebutalso eliminatestheneedformaintainingawarehousefacility.Inaddition,theirproduction ishighlyautomatedandend-to-enddigitalized,leveragingadvancedsoftwareto thoroughlycontroltheentiresupplychain.

Figure5: Recycledmaterialasthebasisforinnovative3D-printedlighting.

Theyarealsocommittedtoreducingcarbonemissionsintheiroperations,sothey transitionedtousing100%renewableelectricityinalltheirmanufacturingsitesfrom 2020.Toreducetheirrelianceonnonrenewableenergysources,theyhaveimplementedmeasuressuchasusinglocal windmillsandsolarpanelsforrenewable electricitygeneration.

PhilipsMyCreationhasadedicatedprogramcalled “TowardsZeroProduction Waste” aimedatimprovingyieldandminimizingwasteinproduction.Theleftover filamentisrecycledin-housebychopping ittocreatenewfilament,andagranulatorhasbeeninstalledtoshredandreuse waste,suchasrejectedpartsthatdidnot passqualitycontrol.Theseeffortshave significantlyreducedwastegoingtolandfills.Tofurtherminimizethenumberofendof-lifeproductsendingupinlandfills,the companycollaborateswithnumerousrecyclingschemesandcompaniesacross EuropeandNorthAmerica.Additionally,as theirproductsaredesignedwithoutusing glue,paint,potting,andwithfewerscrews, theycanbeeasilydisassembled.

Advancementsin3Dprintingtechnology anddesignruleshaveallowedthecompanytoseamlesslyincorporatemultiple functionsintoasinglecomponent.For example,astrainreliefcanbeintegrated directlyintothehousingofaluminaire, eliminatingtheneedfortwoscrewsand aseparateplasticpartintheassembly process.Asaresult,PhilipsMyCreation’s productsrequireupto40%fewercomponentscomparedtoequivalentproducts manufacturedusingtraditionalmethods [6]

Printedpartscanberecycledtocreate newproducts,andthecompanyiscurrentlytestingtheviabilityofrecyclingtheir ownprintedmaterialsfromEnd-of-Life productstoprintnewpartsagain.

TolearnmoreaboutPhilipsMyCreation andtheirproductportfolio,visittheirwebsiteat www.philips.com/mycreation.To gainadeeperunderstandingofhowthe lightingsolutionsofPhilipsMyCreationcan helpyouachieveyourenvironmentalgoals, savecosts,andcreateapositiveimpact, besuretodownloadtheirsustainability whitepaper [7]. ■

References

[1] https://www.philips.com/mycreation

[2] TheInternationalSustainabilityandCarbonCertification(ISCC, https://www.iscc-system.org/)isaglobal independentmulti-stakeholderinitiativeandleading applicablecertificationsystemsupportingsustainable, fullytraceable,deforestation-free,andclimate-friendly supplychains.Withourcertification,wecontributeto environmentally,socially,andeconomicallysustainableproduction.

[3] https://pro.mycreation.lighting.philips.com/spring-o asis

[4] Forspecificprojectsthatrequireadustprotection capfordownlightsaseparateboxwithplasticdust protectioncapscanbeordered.Bydoingthiswe eliminateplasticwasteforprojectswhereadust protectioncapisnotneeded.

[5] Comparedtothetraditionalmanufacturingofthe PhilipsGreenSpaceDownlight.

[6] ComparedtothePhilipsGreenSpaceAccentpendantluminaire.

[7] https://pro.mycreation.lighting.philips.com/downlo ad-whitepaper

AboutPhilipsMyCreation

PhilipsMyCreationisaninnovativebusinessdedicatedtoredesigningthelighting industryforatrulycircularfuture.Ourmissionistocreateaworldwherecircularityis thenorm,andlightingcanmeetyourevery needanddesirethroughadvancedtechnologyandmanufacturing.Withour3D printedlightingsolutions,weareleading thewaytowardsamoresustainableand creativefuture.

PhilipsMyCreationisalightingbrandby Signify,theworldleaderinlightingforprofessionals,consumersandtheInternetof Things.TheirPhilipsproducts,Interactsystemsanddata-enabledservices,deliver businessvalueandtransformlifeinhomes, buildingsandpublicspaces. www.philips.com/mycreation

AdoptionofNarrowbandRed PhosphorPromisesImproved QualityofLightinGeneralLighting

AdilSIDIQI,VerticalSegmentManageratFutureLightingSolutions, aDivisionofFutureElectronics

Fromaroundthemiddleofthelast decade,thedisplayindustrydeployed amagicrecipethatwas,atfirst,little understoodbylightingindustryprofessionals.

TriGain®technology,originallydevelopedbyGELightingandnowapropertyofCurrent [1],isapatentedpotassiumfluorosilicate(PFS)phosphorformulationthatproducesanarrowband emissionprofileintheredpartofthe spectrum,resultinginhigherquality oflightandamorevibrantrenditionof redcolorsthantraditionalphosphors usedinwhiteLEDsprovide(Figure 1). Thetechnologyissometimescalleda ‘red-lineemittingphosphor’ [2].

ThedisplayindustrywasthefirsttoembracethebenefitsofTriGaintechnology, deployingitinLEDbacklightingsystemsto producesuperiorimagequality.

ButTriGainphosphor’ssuperiorcolorrenditionathighefficiencyisavaluablecombinationofbenefitsforlightingapplications aswell:areliableruleofthumbisthatTriGaintechnologyprovides90CRIcolor qualityat80CRIefficacy,aswellasmakingredsappearmorevivid.

IthastakenseveralyearsforTriGaintechnologytofinditswayintothebroaderLED industrybecauseofhighlyrestrictedlicensing.Now,however,Currentisproviding accesstothetechnologywidely,bothby providingTriGainphosphordirectlytoLED manufacturers,andbylicensingtherecipe toenableLEDmanufacturerstoproduce theirownTriGainphosphor.

Manufacturersthathavetakenadvantage ofthenewlicensingarrangementstomake orstartdevelopmentofTriGain-based LEDsincludeBridgelux,Lumileds,Luminus,Nichia,andSeoulSemiconductor.

Soshouldlightingequipmentmanufacturersberushingtoreplacetheconventional whiteLEDsintheirproductdesignswith newTriGain-based90+CRILEDsforan instantupliftinqualityoflightwithoutsacrificingefficacy?Asweshallsee,thecommercialopportunityiscompelling,butcare mustbetakentoensurethatimplementationdoesnotriskdisappointingcustomers’ expectationsforcolorpointaccuracyand colorconsistency.

OEMsCanImproveValueof LuminairePortfolio

Thebasicnumbersleavenoroomfor doubt:TriGain-basedlightsourceswith aminimum90CRIprovidebetterqualityof lightthan80CRIconventionalLEDs,while matchingthemforefficacy(Figure 2).

Howmightthisaffectalightingmanufacturer’sproductstrategy?

Mostobviously,inanytenderthatrequires thehighefficacynormallyprovidedby80 CRILEDs,OEMscansubstituteTriGainbased90CRILEDs,givingcustomersan increaseinqualityoflightwithoutentailingincreasedpowerconsumption.This approachcanbeparticularlyattractivein settingsthatplaceahighvalueonwellbeingandthehealthandcomfortofusers, suchaseducationalestablishments,hospitals,andoffices.Theprovisionofsuperior qualityoflightpotentiallyjustifiesaprice premium,helpingOEMstoraisetheiraveragesellingprices.

TheuseofTriGain-basedLEDscanalso enableOEMstostreamlineinventoryand productionoperations.Today,lighting manufacturerstypicallystockseparate inventoriesof80CRILEDs(forapplications requiringhigherefficacy)and90CRILEDs (forapplicationsrequiringhigherqualityof light).AsingleTriGain-basedLEDcanreplacebothsetsof80and90CRILEDs, enablingtheOEMpotentiallytosatisfyboth setsofapplicationrequirementswithasinglestock-keepingunit(SKU).

https://www.futureelectronics.com/oursolutions/lighting-solutions

ThesupplychainforTriGaintechnologyis alreadywellpopulated,andTriGain-based LEDsatalltheimportantANSICCTvalues arewidelyavailable,makingthemsuitable foruseinbothsingle-colorandtunable whitelightingequipment.

ImplementRed-line

PhosphorLEDswithCare

Therefore,thecommercialcaseforusing TriGain-basedLEDsinluminairedesigns thatwouldpreviouslyhaveusedconventional80CRIor90CRILEDsisclear.

Nevertheless,OEMsneedtotakecareover theimplementationofLEDswithPFSredlinephosphortoensurethattheymeetthe customer’sspecificationforcolorpointand colorconsistency.Thereasonforthisisthe markedvarianceincolorinPFSphosphor astemperatureanddrivecurrentvary.This isillustratedin Figure 3

Changesinhumidityalsoaffectthecolor pointofPFSphosphor-basedLEDs.Since LEDsalsotendtofailfaster,themorehumidtheoperatingconditions,controlof humidityintheapplicationisalwaysanimportantdesignconsiderationwhenusing TriGainLEDs.

ThehighqualityoflightprovidedbyTriGainbasedLEDsisafeaturerequiredininterior ratherthanexteriorlighting.Ininteriorlighting,whereambienttemperaturesarecontrolledbyheatingandventilationsystems, itwillnormallybepossibletospecifythe LED’sjunctiontemperaturewithinanarrow rangeforanygivenapplication.

However,operatingtemperaturewillvary widelybetweenapplications:adownlight denselypopulatedwithLEDsandintended formountinginaceilingvoidwilltypically runhotterthanapendantlinearlight,forinstance.OEMsthereforeneedtobeaware thatLEDsfromasinglemanufacturer’ssinglebinmightemitlightatdifferentpoints inCIE1931colorspaceinadownlightas comparedwithalinearlight.

ThiscolorshiftbehaviorofthePFSphosphorisparticularlytroublesomeforOEMs respondingtotendersthatrequiretight colorconsistencybetweendifferentfixtures inasinglelightingscheme.

SohowshouldOEMs’ implementationof TriGain-basedLEDsaccount forthecolorshiftbehavior?

Thereare,infact,informationresources andtoolsthatOEMscanusetoaccurately modelthecolorbehavioroftheirchosen LEDintheapplication’sconditions.The firststepistospecifypreciselytheoperatingconditionsapplicationbyapplication. Thiscallsforaccuratetestingormodeling ofeachintendedapplication’sdrivecurrent

andjunctiontemperature.(Ifhumidityis expectedtovarywidelyintheapplication, thisparametershouldalsobebuiltintothe designmodels.)

Thesecondstepistosurveytheproductofferingstofindtherightselectionor combinationofLEDstomeettheOEM’s requirement.ThemanufacturersofTriGainbasedLEDssupplytheirproducts,andthe testdatawhichcharacterizethem,incolor

binsforvariousjunctiontemperaturevalues –typically25°C,65°Cand85°C.

OEMscanmanuallyresearchandsortthe datasheetread-outsforeveryPFSLED ineachmanufacturer’sdatasheets.This isalaborioustask–buthelpfully,Future LightingSolutionshascreatedasetofproprietarytoolsthatautomatetheproduct searchfunction.TheyenabletheOEMto specifyacolorpoint,junction-temperature rangeanddrivecurrent.Thetoolthengen-

Figure1: TheemissionspectrumofLEDsthatfeatureTriGainphosphor.Theplotshowsapronounced peakintheredpartofthespectrum,andalmostnowastedemissionoutsidethevisiblespectrum.(Image credit:FutureLightingSolutions).

Figure2: Comparisonofefficacy(lm/Wonleftaxis)oftypicalTriGain-basedemitterswithconventional emittersat90CRIand80CRI.(Imagecredit:FutureLightingSolutions).

eratesalistofthePFSLEDsthatmost closelymatchthespecification.Thetool cantellwhichLEDs’outputstayswithin a3Macadamellipseoverthespecified junction-temperaturerange.

Thethirdstepistoreviewtheproposed productselectionsforeachfixturetype/applicationthattheOEMintendstobuild.At thisstage,theOEMmightneedtotradeoff colorconsistency(whichmightcallformultipleLEDSKUsfordifferentapplications) againstinventorycostandproductionefficiency(whichwouldnormallycallforone, ratherthanmanySKUs).

SincetheFutureLightingSolutionstool looksacrossthemarketatproductsfrom Bridgelux,Lumileds,Luminus,Nichia, SeoulSemiconductorandmore,OEMs canexpecttofindLEDproductsthatmeet anycolorpointrequirementinanyapplica-

tion.TheportfolioofTriGain-basedLEDs onthemarkettodayincludesmid-and low-powerLEDsinindustry-standardfootprints,CoBLEDs,andLEDmodules.

Theproductsareavailabletoenablelightingmanufacturerstotakeadvantageofthe highqualityoflightofTriGain-basedLEDs withoutsacrificingefficacy.Withprudent useofresourcessuchasthetoolsprovidedbyFutureLightingSolutions,OEMs can,atthesametime,maintaintherequiredcolorconsistencybetweenfixtures andapplications. ■

References

[1] https://www.currentlighting.com/ [2] https://www.ge.com/research/sites/default/files/proj ect/brochures/2019-05/murphyetalSID2015paperfina l.pdf

Figure3: ThecolorofPFSphosphor-basedLEDsshiftsawayfromtheblackbodycurveastheLED’s junctiontemperaturechanges.(Imagecredit:Bridgelux).

AuthorAdilSIDIQI,VerticalSegment ManageratFutureLightingSolutions, aDivisionofFutureElectronics AdilSidiqi,isalightingVerticalSegment ManageratFutureLightingSolutions basedintheUK.Withoveradecadeofexperienceinthefield,Adilhascontributedto theadvancementofenergy-efficientlightingsolutions.Hespecializesinthedesign anddevelopmentoflightingtechnologies thatarenotonlysustainablebutalsoinnovative,cateringtocommercial,residential andindustrialneeds.

AdilbeganhiscareerasanElectronics EngineeratFutureLightingSolutionsin 2010.Hisinnovativesolutionsanddeep understandingofelectronichelpedpropel thecompanytotheforefrontofthelightingindustry.Hisworkfocusedonoffering lightingsolutionsthathelpedFLStobecomeaonestopshopformajorlighting OEMsacrossEMEA.Adil’ssupportinlightingdesignshavebeenpivotalinlarge-scale projects,includingtheretrofittingoflightingsystemsincommercialbuildingsand outdoorlightinginmajorcityieswithfocus onincreasingtheluminairemanufacturing andenergyefficiencywhilereducingthe environmentalimpact.

AboutFutureElectronics FutureElectronicsLtd.distributeselectroniccomponents.TheCompanysells semiconductors,passive,interconnect, andelectro-mechanicalcomponentsfor useinanalogandpower,communication, developmenttoolhardware,andmicrocontrollersectors.FutureElectronicsmarkets itsproductstocustomersinternationally.

Figure4: ComparisonbetweenaTriGain-basedLEDlightsource(left)withaconventionalLEDlightsource.

TheImpactofLightingonthe VisualPerceptionofMaterial Surfaces

MMag.MartinaASCHER1,2,ResearcheratBartenbachand Dipl.-Ing.JohannesWENINGER1,TeamLeaderResearchat Bartenbach

Thetypeofilluminationplaysacentral roleintheperceptionofsurfaces,as intensity,spectralcomposition,and lightdirectionsignificantlyinfluence theappearanceofmaterials.Given thevastvarietyofmaterialsurfaces, thisaspectpresentsaconsiderable challengeforlightingplannersand designers,astherearecurrentlyno concreteguidelinesforusingmaterials inconjunctionwithdifferentlighting concepts.

Inresponsetothesechallenges,two systematiclaboratorystudiesonthe visualperceptionofmaterialsandtheir propertieswereconductedaspartof a3-yearresearchproject.Thestudies aimedtodevelopasystematicmodel forpredictingtheaestheticeffectof materialsurfaces,consideringboth theperceptionofintrinsicproperties ofthematerialsandtheconfounding influencesofexternallightingfactors. Theresultsrepresentasignificantfirst steptowardstheobjectiveplanningof thesubjectiveappearanceofsurfaces inrelationtolightingconditions.

Introduction

Visualperceptionofmaterialproperties playsafundamentalroleinhowweperceiveandinteractwiththeworldaround us [1].Fromthecomfortofasoftfabricto thecoolnessofsmoothmarble,oursubjectiveexperiencesareheavilyinfluenced byvisualappearances.Asmaterialsare essentialcomponentsofboththephysical environmentandproducts,understandingtherelationshipbetweentheirinherent featuresandtheperceivedaestheticeffectsiscriticaltodesign,architecture,and productdevelopment.Moreover,giventhe increasingavailabilityofcomputervision technologies,subjectiveexperiencesare currentlygainingimportanceinotherapplicationfields,suchasprocessautomation [2] andqualitycontrol [3],e.g.,foodinspection [4],whicharemostlydefinedby thesamebasicproblemofaperceptual characterizationofthevisualappearanceof materials.

Inrecentyears,significantprogresshas beenmadeinunravelingtheintricateconnectionsbetweenmaterialattributesand humanperception [5,6,7,8].Researchers haveexploredvariousaspects,including texture [9],roughness [10],color [11],and glossiness [12],aspotentialpredictorsof theperceivedaestheticappealofdifferentmaterials.However,whilenumerous studieshavefocusedonindividualmaterialtypes,e.g.,stone [13],ceramics [14], parquet [15],andfabric [16],theneedfor ageneralizedmodelthatcantranscend materialboundariesandpredictaesthetic effectsforvariousmaterialsremainseverpresent.

eye(sensor),butalsosignificantlyonthe lightingconditions(externalfactor) [17]. Intensities [8],colortemperatures [18] and lightdirections [19] haveapotentialimpactonmaterialperception(cf. Figure 1), whichiswhylighting-relatedfactorsshould begivenincreasedimportance.

Inaddition,theprocessofseeingisamentalprocessthatincludescognitiveprocessing,memoryfunctionsandevaluation functions.Theperceptionofourenvironmentisbasedonanintrinsicmodelofreality.Physicallyrecordedsensorystimuli arethereforesupplementedbyperceptualpsychologywithindividualaspects suchaspersonalexperiencesandinnate mechanisms.Aholisticmodelofthevisual perceptionofmaterialsurfacescannot, therefore,bereducedsolelytothecharacterizationofthephysicalsetting,e.g.the imageinformation,butmustalsoconsider psychologicaltranslationalinfluencingfactors.Consideringtheresultingcomplexity, itisnotsurprisingthattherearecurrently noconcreteguidelinesfortheuseofmaterialsincombinationwithdifferentlighting conceptsandthatcurrentlytheusestill dependsexclusivelyontheexperienceof lightingplannersanddesigners.

1 BartenbachGmbH RinnerStr.14,6071Aldrans,Austria

2 Martina.Ascher@bartenbach.com

Inaddition,lightingsituationsarelargely ignoredincurrentmodelingapproaches. However,theperceptionofmaterial-specific propertiesdependsnotonlyonthereflectionbehaviorofthematerial(intrinsicmaterialproperty)andthereactionofthehuman

Inthefollowing,weprovideinsightsinto theresultsoftwosystematicperception studiesthatwerecarriedoutaspartofthe 3-yearresearchproject“LightandMaterial” atBartenbach.Theresultsrepresentafirst steptowardstheobjectivepredictabilityof thesubjectiveimpressionofmaterialsurfacesandcanserveasabasistoimprove futuredecisionsbyarchitects,designers andmanufacturersinthematerialselectionanddesignprocess.Moreover,this researchcontributestothebroaderfieldof humanperceptionandcognition,bridging thegapbetweenmaterialscienceandhumanpsychology.

Figure1: ExemplaryrepresentationofdifferentmaterialandspatialeffectsdependingondifferentlightingconceptsinthestudioofBartenbach’sWorldofLightin Aldrans.

TheResearchProjectLight andMaterial

The3-yearFFGEarlyStageProject”Light andMaterial”(ClassificationandEvaluation MethodofMaterialsunderDifferentLight Conditions-ModelingforPrediction)aimed todevelopafoundationalmodelthatlinks materialpropertiestoaestheticevaluations undervaryinglightingconditions.Thegoal wastogaininsightsintotheinteraction betweenlightandcomplexmaterialstructuresthatcouldenhancethevisualappeal ofmaterialsorpreventundesirableeffects. Thesefindingsarecrucialnotonlyfortraditionallightingdesignbutalsoforvarious designfields,includinginteriordesign.

Theprojectincludedtwoconsecutivelaboratorystudies,eachwithdistinctobjectives.Thefirststudyfocusedonevaluating awiderangeofmaterialsunderafixed lightingconditiontoidentifymaterialswith similarperceivedproperties.Fromthis, basemodelswerederivedthatpredictthe aestheticimpactbasedonperceivedinherentpropertiesofthematerials.Thesecond studyexaminedhowdifferentlightingfactors(brightness,color,anddistribution) affecttheaestheticevaluationofselected materialsurfaces,thusexpandingthebase modelstoincorporatelight-relatedfactors.

Theculminationofthesestudieswasthe derivationofacomprehensiveperception model,whichisintendedtodescribethe relationshipbetweenperceivedmaterial propertiesandresultingaestheticimpressionsacrossvariousmaterialsandlighting conditions,regardlessoftheunderlying materialtype.

PerceptionStudy1: TheDerivationofthe Material-relatedBase Models

StudyDescription

Toassesstheperceivedmaterialproperties andtheaestheticimpressionsofmaterial surfaces,612differentmaterialsamples weresystematicallyratedby50testsubjectsunderreferenceillumination(5,000K, Eh2,800lx,CRI93)inacontrolled,blockrandomizedlaboratorystudy.Thestudy wasconductedintwoidenticalrooms, eachofwhichwasequippedwithtwoevaluationstationsinthecentralarea.The stations(Figure 2)consistedoftwolight gray,height-adjustabledesksataheight of1.00mandtwolightingprototypesfor directilluminationofthematerialsamples thatweremounteddiagonallyacrossboth tables.Additionalup-lightswereinstalled onthelightingprototypesforbothgeneral roomlightingandtheprovisionofdiffuse lightcomponentsonthematerialsamples.

Duringthematerialevaluation,theparticipantsoccupieddifferentevaluationstations atwhichdifferentmaterialsofthesame blockwerepresentedinrandomizedorder.Beforetheevaluationofamaterial, theparticipantshadaboutoneminutein whichtheycouldmovefreelytolookatthe materialfromdifferentanglestoexperience anyglossybehaviorofthesurfaces.The evaluationitselfwasthencarriedoutfrom afixedobserverposition.Toreduceconfoundingfactors,thematerialthickness wasconcealedbyanaluminumframeand touchingthematerialsurfaceswasgenerallynotpermitted.

Eachparticipantratedeachmaterialin atotalof28bipolarpairsofadjectives, ofwhich13verballydescribedmaterialinherentpropertiesand15verballydescribedaestheticmaterialeffects(Table 1). Thedurationoftheevaluationofallmaterialswasapproximately25hoursperperson andwasthereforedividedintoseveralparticipationdaysonwhichdifferentblocksof materialswererandomlypresented.

Theindividualevaluationswerethenadjustedforoutliersandmaterial-relatedparameterswerederivedatthemeanlevel. Thepre-processeddatawasthenusedto classifythematerials.Todothis,the13 material-inherentevaluationswerereduced intheirdimensionalityusingaprincipal componentanalysisandthendividedinto distinctmaterialgroupsusingak-means clusteringprocedure.Theresultingdivision into6classes [20] withmaterialswithsimilarpropertieswasusedasavariablefor stratificationinthefurthermodelingprocessinordertopreventatype-relatedbias.

Figure2: Frontalviewofanevaluationstation withthediagonallyarrangedlightingprototypes andtheappliedmaterialpositioning.

Subsequently,predictionmodelsforthe aestheticmaterialeffectswerederived basedontheperceivedmaterial-inherent properties.Forthispurpose,thepreprocesseddatasetwasdividedintoatraining andatestdatasetinaratioof80:20.The modellingwascarriedoutseparatelyfor eachaestheticitemusingalinearregressionmethod.Thegeneralizedapplicability ofthederivedmodelswasdeterminedby thedeterminationcoefficientR²,whichdenotestheproportionofvariationinthetest datathatcanbeexplainedbythederived regressionmodel.Finally,theobtainedregressioncoefficientsoftheinputvariables intheindividualmodelswerenormalizedin relationtotherespectivedeterminationcoefficientsandexaminedwithregardtotheir influenceontheaestheticeffectsusingan ANOVA.

Results

The15specificallyderivedmodelsforthe predictionoftheindividualaestheticeffects ofthematerialsbasicallyshowedavery highqualitywithan R2 of0.80±0.12(cf. Figure 3).

TheBonferroni-correctedposthoctests performedaspartoftheANOVAwereable toidentifythreedistinctgroupsofinputfeatures(Figure 4)withvaryinginfluenceon aestheticratings.Boththegroupwithlow (1.91±2.06%)andhighinfluence(10.91 ±8.77%)had5itemseach.Thegroup withmediuminfluence(5.25±3.84%)accountedfortheremaining3items.Whileall groupsdifferedsignificantlyamongthemselves(all p <.001),theitemsincluded withinthegroupsshowednosignificant differences(all p >.05).

Summary

Thederivedmodelsforthepredictionof theaestheticmaterialeffectbymeans ofperceivedmaterial-inherentproperties showedaveryhighlevelofaccuracy.The resultingconfirmationofasimpleanddirect connectionbetweentheobjectivelyassignedandsubjectivelyperceivedqualities ofamaterialsurfaceaccordinglysuggests theexistenceofanintrinsicperception model.Thismeansthatsubjectivelyperceivedmaterialqualitiesarenotsubjectto stochasticallyintersubjectivecharacteristics butaresystematicallyformedfromunderlyingvisuallyextractedcharacteristics.

Further,theaccuraciesachievedbythe regressionmodelsarelimitedtotheimpactofafewmaterial-inherentpropertiesoncloserinspectionforallaesthetic items.Althoughacompletedepictionof thematerial-relatedsensationisnecessary topredictallaestheticeffects,thisneverthelessopensthepossibilityofagreatly

Table1: Bipolarpairsofadjectivesusedformaterialevaluationseparatedaccordingtomaterial-inherent propertiesandaestheticmaterialeffects.Allpairswereevaluatedonascalerangingfrom-100to+100 withastepsizeof1.

Figure3: Exemplaryrepresentationofthecomparisonoftherealevaluationstothecalculatedpredictions (R²=0.95)ofthemeanvaluesoftheaestheticitemdiverse(-100)–monotonous(+100)forthetestdata setof120materials.

Figure4: Boxplotsofthenormalizedimpactsoftheindividualmaterial-inherentinputfeaturesonthe aestheticratingsofthematerials,sortedinascendingorderbasedontheirrespectivemeanvalue.The impactgroupsderivedfromtheanalysesarecolor-codedinthediagram(red:lowinfluence,yellow: mediuminfluence,green:highinfluence).

Figure5: Luminanceimagesfromtheobserverpositiondefinedformaterialevaluationatanilluminanceof500lxandacolortemperatureof2,200K(left:direct lighting,middle:mixedlighting,right:indirectlighting).

simplifiedconsiderationofmaterialsifa targetedpredictionofaspecificaesthetic parameter(e.g.,attractiveness)isdesired. Inthelongterm,thiscansimplifytheapplicabilityofthepredictivemodelsandpotentiallymakethemeasiertoputintopractice.

PerceptionStudy2: TheInvestigationof Lighting-relatedInfluencing Factors

StudyDescription

Toevaluatelight-specificeffectsonthe assessmentofbothmaterial-inherent propertiesandaestheticmaterialeffects, asecondcontrolledlaboratorystudywas conducted.Inthisstudy,thematerialevaluationswereconductedby65studyparticipantsundervaryinglightingconditions aspartofablock-randomizedprotocol.

Inordertoallowforthegreatestpossible varianceinlightingconditionsforthestudy, onlyareducednumberof72materials wereusedcomparedtothefirstperceptionstudy.Whenselectingthematerials, themostrepresentativematerialsfrom theclustersderivedinthefirststudywere takenintoaccount(shortdistancetothe clustercenter),andcarewastakentointegrateasmanydifferentmaterialsaspossibleintothestudy.Thelightingconditions usedforthestudyweredefinedintermsof illuminance(150lx,500lx,1,500lx),color temperature(2,200K,3,000K,5,000K) andlightdistribution(direct,mixed,indirect).Thethreedifferentgradationsspecifiedforeachofthethreelighting-related parameterswerecombinedtocreateatotalof27differentlightingconditions.

Threeidenticalcabinswereusedforthe studyinacontrolledlaboratoryenvironmentintheabsenceofdaylight.Toensure comparabilityofthelightingsettingsbetweentheevaluationbooths,allsettings weremeasuredseparatelyforeachbooth withregardtoilluminance,colortemperatureanddirect/indirectcomponents.Inad-

dition,alllightingconditionsincombination withallmaterialsusedfortheinvestigation weredocumentedusingluminanceimages (Figure 5).

Thematerialsamplesweregiveninrandomizedorderwithinalightconditionand placedhorizontallyonthetablesurfaceand inthecenterofthetablesegmentofthe booths(Figure 6).Theobserverposition wasdefinedbymeansofchairsfixedtothe flooratapprox.0.85mfromthematerial sample(middlechairtomiddlematerial sample).Toreduceconfoundingfactors, thematerialthicknesswasconcealedby analuminumframeandtouchingthematerialsurfaceswasgenerallynotpermitted.

Figure6: Frontalviewofanevaluationstation withthematerialsamplescentrallyarranged inthetablesegmentandthecurtainelements locatedinthesurroundingareatoseparatethe evaluationbooths.

Eachparticipantrated36materialsunder eachofthe27lightingconditionsinatotalof18bipolarpairsofadjectives(due totimeconstraints,theevaluationsofthe material-inherentpropertieswerereduced totheitemsdepthofstructure,brightness andwarmth,cf. Table 1).Theduration oftheevaluationofallmaterialswasapproximately25hoursperpersonandwas thereforedividedintoseveralparticipation daysonwhichdifferentlightingconditions wererandomlypresented.

Theindividualevaluationswerethenadjustedforoutliersandmaterial-related parameterswerederivedatthemean level.Thelightinfluenceontheperceived material-inherentpropertieswerederived usinganANOVA.Further,theprediction modelsderivedinthefirstperceptionstudy wereextendedbythethreelightingparam-

eters.Forthispurpose,theevaluationsof thematerial-inherentpropertiescollected inthefirststudywereexpandedwiththe aestheticevaluationsofthesecondstudy, takingintoaccountthelight-specificproperties.

Inaccordancewiththefirststudy,thedata setwasthendividedintoatrainingand atestdatasetinaratioof80:20andthe modellingwascarriedoutseparatelyfor eachaestheticitemusingalinearregressionmethod.Thegeneralizedapplicability ofthederivedmodelswasdeterminedby thedeterminationcoefficient R2 andthe obtainedregressioncoefficientsoftheinputvariablesintheindividualmodelswere normalizedinrelationtotherespectivedeterminationcoefficientsandexaminedwith regardtotheirinfluenceontheaesthetic effectsusinganANOVA.

Results

Influenceoflightingontheperception ofmaterial-inherentproperties

Allthreeoftheinvestigatedmaterial-inherent properties(depthofstructure,warmth, brightness)showedasignificantdependenceontheappliedlightconditionsinall threelighting-relatedfactors(all p <.001). However,someofthesignificantinfluenceswerefoundtobenegligibleoncloser inspection.Aminimumof5%ofthemaximumscalewidth,i.e.aminimumshiftof 10evaluationpoints,wasassumedasthe cut-offvalueforevaluatingtherelevanceof thedifferences.

Theperceivedwarmthofthematerial surfaceswassignificantlydependenton thefactorcolortemperature(p <.001), wherebythesurfacesunderconsideration wereperceivedsignificantlywarmerwith decreasingcolortemperature(Figure 7).

Similarly,theperceivedbrightnessofthe materialsurfacesshowedasignificantdependenceonthelighting-relatedfactor brightness(p<.001),withthesurfaces underconsiderationbeingperceivedas significantlybrighterwithincreasingilluminancelevels(Figure 8).

Figure7: Boxplotsofthemeanvaluesofthe perceivedwarmth(warm:-100,cold:100)of the72materialstestedaccordingtothecolor temperatureofthelightingcondition.

Figure8: Boxplotsofthemeanvaluesofthe perceivedbrightness(bright:-100,dark:100) ofthe72materialsinvestigatedaccordingto thebrightnessofthelightingcondition(orange: 150lx,lightgray:500lx,darkgray:1,500lx).

Inrelationtoperceivedstructuraldepth,all threefactorsofthelightingconditionshow significantmaineffects(all p <.001).However,thepairwisecomparisonsshowed thattheeffectsoflightingonperceived structuraldepthcanbeconsiderednegligible.

Influenceoflightingontheassessmentoftheaestheticmaterialeffect

The15specificallyderivedmodelsforpredictingtheindividualaestheticeffectsof thematerials,whichwereextendedto includethelightingconditions,basically showedaveryhighqualitywithan R2 of 0.75±0.07,whichcorrespondsverywell withthemeanpredictionaccuracyofthe materialstudy.However,exceptforafew isolatedmodels(e.g.,high-quality/cheap +0.03,elegant/notelegant+0.26),most ofthemodelsexperiencedareductionin accuracycomparedtothebasicmodels.

Despitethehighpredictionaccuraciesthat couldbeachievedinthelinearregression models,theinfluenceoflight-relatedparameterswasfoundtobenegligibleinthe analysisoftheregressioncoefficients.

Thecoefficientsofthefactorsilluminance (0.02±0.01)anddirect/indirectcomponents(0.03±0.01)provedtohavethe leastinfluenceontheoverallaccuracyof themodels.Theinfluenceofcolortemperature(0.06±0.04)alsoprovedtohaveno contributiontotheexplanatorypowerof themodels.

Summary

Asexpected,clearlightingeffectscouldbe demonstratedinrelationtotheperceived warmthandbrightnessofthematerials.Interestingly,changesintheperceiveddepth ofstructureinrelationtothedirectionof light,whicharecurrentlyassumedtobe certain [19],couldnotbeconfirmedinthe studypresented.Ontheonehand,this couldbeduetotheinsufficientshadow castbythedirectlightconditionand,on theotherhand,theinsufficientstructural depthofthemajorityofthematerialsurfaces(artificialreplicas).Tofullyclarifythe extenttowhichhumanperceptionofsurfacestructuresdependsonlightingconditionsandmaterialproperties,furtherresearchisnecessary.

Althoughthecalculatedmodelsforpredictiondecreasedslightlycomparedtothe materialstudy,partlyduetothereduced varietyofmaterials,theyagainprovedto haveaveryhighpredictionaccuracy.Surprisingly,thestudyshowednoinfluence ofthelightingsituationsontheperception oftheaestheticpropertiesofthematerial surfacesdespitethechangeinmaterial perception.

Aspotentiallythestrongestandmostdirect influencingfactoronmaterialperception, lightingcontinuestobeofparamountimportanceinthisarea.However,aslighting effectsonanaestheticlevelprovedtobe unquantifiableinthecontextofthisstudy design,therelevantinteractionsarepotentiallymuchmorecomplexthanoriginallyassumed.Althoughthedecodingand modelingoftheinteractionsbetweenlight andmaterialarestillconsiderednecessary

andpromising,furtherlaboratorystudies incontrolledenvironmentalconditionsare necessarybeforetheinvestigationscanbe transferredtoanextendedcontext.

Discussion

Especiallyinrelationtotheperceivedinherentmaterialproperties,aclearlypronouncedandlight-dependentmaineffectwasfound,whichalsolargelycorrespondstocurrentresearch [9,18].Thus, regardlessoftheirmateriality,thesamplesweresignificantlyinfluencedbythe lightingconditionintermsofboththeirperceivedwarmth(Figure 7)andbrightness (Figure 8).Lowercolortemperaturesare thereforesuitableforconveyingafeeling ofwarmthregardlessofthematerial,while higherilluminancelevelsleadtoabrighter perceivedappearance.Theobjectivityof thechangedevaluationsofthematerialinherentpropertiescanbesubstantiated bythefactthatthechangesinperception occurredconsistentlyacrossallmaterials andtestsubjects,i.e.,ashiftintheevaluationinthesamedirectionregardlessof inter-individualormaterial-specificfactors.

Thehighaccuraciesofthepredictionmodelsachievedinthesecondstudyalsosupporttheassumptionofanexistingintrinsic perceptionmodelresultingfromthefirst study.Interestingly,thematerialproperties thathaveastronginfluenceonthepredictedaestheticratingsareverysimilarto thoseofthefirstperceptionstudy.Onthe onehand,thissuggeststhatthemodels derivedfrombothstudiesrefertosimilar effectmodelsinwhichthesameinherent

Figure9: Locationofmaterial-inherentpropertiesthatcanbesignificantlyandverifiablyinfluencedby lightingpropertiesinrelationtotheirinfluenceontheaestheticmaterialevaluation.

propertiesareassumedtohaveasimilarly stronginfluenceonaestheticevaluation. Themodelsthereforeprovetobetransferabletodifferentgroupsofpeople,different spatialsettings,and,duetothelackoflight influence,eventodifferentlightingconditions.

Thelackoflightinfluenceontheaesthetic perceptionofmaterialscanalsobeexplainedinmoredetailbyconsideringthe regressioncoefficientsofthederivedmodels(Figure 9).Propertiessuchasharmony andcomplexityprovetobefarmoreinfluentialthantypicalproperties(e.g.,warmth orbrightness),whichhavealreadybeen proventobeinfluencedbylightandlighting.Fromthispointofview,light-induced changesinmaterialperceptiondonotsimultaneouslyresultinachangeintheaestheticeffectofthematerial.Theassumptioninthiscasesuggeststhatmaterialsare evaluatedperseandthevisuallyperceived changeintheobservedmaterialsurfaceis cognitivelyexcludedfromtheevaluation.

Thistypeofconstancyperformanceis notentirelyunfamiliar.Itreferstothephenomenonwhereobjectsareperceivedas stableandunchangeddespitevariationsin environmentalfactorslikecolororbrightnessofthelighting.Thismechanismallows foraconsistentlyperceivedenvironment, enablingobjectstoberecognizedasthe sameunderdifferentlightingconditions, thusfacilitatingcognitiveprocessing.For example,duetothevarietyoflightingconditionsthroughouttheday,interiordesign materialsappearinconstantlychanging luminancelevelsandcolornuances.Nevertheless,theirbasicpropertiesappearto belargelyconstant,e.g.,theirmateriality isreferencedbasedonspecificmaterial properties,withoutincludingthechanging lightingconditionsinthecognitiveevaluationprocess.

Inprinciple,suchcognitiveeffectsareonly possibleundercertainandknownconditions,suchasachangeinlightingconditionswithinthenaturaldynamicsofdaylight.Consistencyperformanceistherefore dependentonempiricalvalues,whichallow ustoexcludevariablecharacteristicsfrom theassessment.Theessentialrecognitioncriteriaofanobject(size,shape,color) seemtobemoreimportantthanthefacets ofitsappearance.

Limitations

Despitetheinclusionof612materialsinthe firststudyand72materialsinthesecond study,whichaimedtoensurethebroadestpossibleapplicabilityoftheresults,it isimportanttonotethattheselectedmaterialsmaynotrepresentthefullrangeof

potentiallyavailablematerialproperties.In particular,theinclusionofthelargernumberofwoodsinthestudymayhaveledto certainbiasesintheresultsandmayaffecttheaccuracyofthepredictionmodels whenmakingpredictionsfromothermaterialclasses.Thechoiceofmaterialsinthe secondstudymayalsohavecontributed tothereductionoflight-specificeffectsin additiontoaffectingtheaccuracyofthe predictionmodels.

Furthermore,itisimportanttorecognize thataestheticmaterialeffectsarenotinherentlyfixed,butareinfluencedbycontemporarytrendsandsocio-culturalbackgrounds.Unfortunately,thesefactorscould notbetakenintoaccountinthepresent study,makingitdifficulttoargueforthe universalvalidityofthederivedresults.

Finally,thevalidityoftheresultspresented canonlybeguaranteedinthecontextof peoplewithnormalvision,asalltypesof visualimpairmenthavebeenexcluded.For example,colorblindnesscansignificantly impactthevisualappearanceofobjects ormaterials.Itisalsowelldocumented thatage-relatedweaknessesofthevisual system,suchasage-relatedmaculardegeneration,alsohaveasignificantimpact onbothvisualacuity [21] andcolorvision [22].Acorrespondingmappingofsuch groupsofpeoplewouldrequireanextensionoftheexistingbasicmodelthrough experimentalstudies.

Conclusion

Aestheticsensationscannotbeunderstoodindependentlyofneuralsystemsor physiologicalsensors,astheyareprimarily influencedbyperceptualandcognitiveprocesses.Theyarisefromaninteractionof recognitionandevaluationofemotionand meaning [23],which,duetotheirsubjectivity,makeanobjectiveevaluationcomplex anddemanding.Sinceinternationalresearchiscurrentlystilltryingtoderivea generalmathematicalmodelofhumanaestheticappreciation [24–28],thepresent resultsofferthepotentialtomakeasignificantcontributiontosolvingacurrently challengingproblem.

Duetothecomplexityoftheunderlying processingmechanismsandperception processes,thederivationofageneralized modelwithintheframeworkofasingle studyprovestobeimpracticable.However,thepresentedmodelscanbeconsideredcomprehensivebasemodelscreated underwell-documentedlightingsituations, makingthemsuitableformultidimensional extension.Inthelongterm,furthervali-

dationregardingthepotentialinfluenceof differentlightingconditionscouldenable lightingplannersanddesignerstomutuallyoptimizekeyperformanceindicators ofbuildings,suchasenergyefficiencyor melanopicilluminancelevels,forthefirst time,consideringtheaestheticeffectsof thematerialselectionmade.

However,thisrequiresfurtherresearchthat shouldalsotakeuplong-termandinterculturaltendencies,toruleoutapersonal exclusionoffringegroups.Ingeneral,the presentedresultsconfirmthepotentialthat canresultfrommoreobjectivematerial planningforfuture-orientedlightingpractice. ■

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[26] Tinio,P.P.(2013).Fromartisticcreationtoaestheticreception:Themirrormodelofart.Psychology ofAesthetics,Creativity,andtheArts,7(3),265.

[27] Koelsch,S.,Jacobs,A.M.,Menninghaus,W., Liebal,K.,Klann-Delius,G.,VonScheve,C.,& Gebauer,G.(2015).Thequartettheoryofhuman emotions:anintegrativeandneurofunctionalmodel. PhysicsofLifeReviews,13,1-27.

[28] Redies,C.(2015).Combininguniversalbeautyand culturalcontextinaunifyingmodelofvisualaesthetic experience.FrontiersinHumanNeuroscience,9, 218.

Acknowledgements

Thestudypresentedwasfundedbythe AustrianResearchPromotionAgency(FFG) aspartoftheprojectLightandMaterial (FFGNo.882556).

Theauthorswouldespeciallyliketothank IsabelArnstandMaximilianDickfortheir contributionstoprojectmanagement,data curationanddataanalysisofbothstudies. TheyalsothanktheinternsChiaraDietz, TobiasFischer,ClaudiaKonrad-Soare, SimoneSommerfeld,LukasZircher,Lara Pfeiffer,DavidFreitagandSophieCherdron forconductingthestudies.

AboutBartenbach

Bartenbachisapioneeringlightingdesign andengineeringcompanybasedinAldrans,Tyrol,Austria.FoundedbyChristian Bartenbach,thecompanyisrenownedfor itsinnovativeapproachtolightingtechnologyanditscommitmenttocreating high-quality,sustainablelightingsolutions.

HistoryandPhilosophy:Sinceitsinception,Bartenbachhasbeenattheforefront oflightinginnovation,mergingscientific researchwithcreativedesign.Thecompany’sphilosophycentersaroundenhancinghumanwell-beingandenvironmental sustainabilitythroughintelligentlighting.

ExpertiseandServices:Bartenbachoffersacomprehensiverangeofservices includinglightingdesign,daylightplanning, andthedevelopmentofcustomlighting solutions.Theirexpertisespansvarious sectorssuchasarchitecture,urbanplanning,andartinstallations,makingthem aleaderinbothfunctionalandaesthetic lightingprojects.

ResearchandDevelopment:Thecompany investsheavilyinresearchanddevelopment,operatingitsownstate-of-the-art laboratorytotestandrefinenewlighting technologies.ThisdedicationtoR&DensuresthatBartenbachremainsatthecuttingedgeofthelightingindustry.

NotableProjects:Bartenbach’sportfolioincludesawidearrayofprestigious projectsworldwide,fromofficebuildings andmuseumstopublicspacesandprivateresidences.Eachprojectshowcases theirabilitytoblendtechnicalprecisionwith artisticvision.

Sustainability:Committedtosustainable practices,Bartenbachprioritizesenergy efficiencyandtheuseofenvironmentally friendlymaterialsintheirdesigns.Theirinnovativesolutionsnotonlyenhancespaces butalsocontributetoreducingtheecologicalfootprint.

AwardsandRecognition:Bartenbach hasreceivednumerousawardsforits groundbreakingworkinlightingdesign andtechnology.Theseaccoladesreflect thecompany’sinfluenceandreputationin thegloballightingcommunity.

Formoreinformation,visit www.bartenbach.com

Author:MartinaASCHER,MMag.

Ms.AscherstudiedpsychologyandeducationalscienceattheUniversityofInnsbruck.Since2008shehasbeenworking atBartenbachresearchonthetopicsof visualperception,visualandnon-visual lighteffectsandarchitecturalpsychologyin severalnationalandinternationalresearch projects.Shecompletedtheacademy courseforlightingdesignersattheBartenbachLightingAcademy(2009)andthe courseforarchitecturalandresidentialpsychologistsatIWAP(2021)andsupervised studentprojectsandmaster’sthesesat theBartenbachLightingAcademyinthe universitycourseinlightingdesign(20122014)Since2008,shehasbeenleading researchprojectsonthedependenceof materialperceptiononlight.

Author:Dipl.-Ing.JohannesWENINGER Mr.Weningerstudiedarchitectureatthe Leopold-Franzens-UniversityofInnsbruckwithfocusonarchitecturaltheory andworkedasanexternallecturerandresearchassociateatvariousuniversitiesin AustriaandGermanyinthefieldofArtificial IntelligenceandCyber-physicalSystems. Until2018hewasaresearchassociate attheKarl-Franzens-UniversityGrazin theDepartmentofBiologicalPsychology.Since2016hehasbeenworkingat Bartenbachresearchonthetopicsofnonvisuallighteffects,digitizationandmachine learningatBartenbachresearch.Hehas beentheheadofBartenbach’sresearch teamsince2022.

TheIntersectionofInnovation: XavierDenisDiscussesthe ConvergenceofArchitecturaland AutomotiveLighting

XavierDENIS,HeadofTechnicalSupport&MarketingatNichia

XavierDENIS

XavierDENIS,HeadofTechnicalSupport andMarketingatNichia,Europe,brings 20+yearsofexpereinceinthefiewldof lightingandoptics.Hehasheldvarious managementpositionsatNichia,GELighting,Optisetc.XavierholdsaBachelorof ScienceinAppliedPhysicsfromGeorgia InstituteofTechnologyandanExecutive MBAfromCorvinusUniversity.Hecontributesvaluableinsightstotheindustry onnextlightsourcetechnologiesfrom Human-CentricsolutionstomicroLEDs.

xavier.denis@nichia.com

Today,manycarmanufacturersview vehiclesas‘thethirdlivingspace,’followinghomesandoffices.Thisperspectivehasledtotheapplicationof keyprinciplesfromlightingdesign andtechnologicalinnovationsfound inarchitecturallightingtoautomotivelighting,andviceversa.Weasked XavierDenisofNICHIAtoexplainhow alllightingdesignerscangainfrom thisconvergence.

CanYouHelpUsEnvisiontheFutureofLightinginVehicles?

Picturethis:Thesoftglowoflightfrom luminairesenhancingtheambianceina restaurantsetting,smoothlytransitioning intoaspectrumofcolorstosetacozy moodforpatrons,allcontrolledwithjust atouchonasmartphonebythebistro’s staff.Now,visualizethatsameintuitive, comfortableexperiencewithinyourvehicle.

Movingbeyondthenecessityofthedriver shininganadaptivebeamontheroad aheadtoavoiddazzlingotherroadusers, theautomotivelightingguidesthedriver, andenhancesvisibilitywithinthevehicle withoutbeingadistractionandoverpoweringthesenses.Additionally,lightingis usedtocommunicatewithdrivers,suchas alertingthemofanearbycyclistviaagentleglownearthesidemirror.Furthermore, itallowsfrontandrearpassengersinside thecabintocomfortablyreadorrelax.

HowHasLEDTechnologyTransformedBothGeneralandAutomotiveLighting?

LEDtechnology,renownedforitssubstantialenergyefficiency,qualityoflight, reliability,andlongevity,hasrevolutionized interiorlightinginourhomesandoffices.It hasalsonotablyenabledlightingdesignersthefreedomtosculptlightinavariety ofways,curatingatmospheresthatrange fromfunctionalbrightnesstosubdued, moodyhues.Withsmarttechnology,LED lightinghasalsotranscendeditspractical purposetoenablevariousprogrammable scenariosandscenestobecomeaninteractiveelementwithinaspace.

Intheautomotiveworld,theseadvances arenotjustbeingutilizedinexteriorvehicle lighting.Thetrendsingenerallighting,particularlythosefocusedonhuman-centric applicationsdesignedtoenhancethecomfort,health,andwell-beingofindividualsin spaces,areespeciallyinfluencingautomotiveinteriors.

AreSpecificInnovationsinAutomotiveLightingInspiredbyGeneralLightingTrends?

Insidecars,human-centriclightinginvolves usinghighColorRenderingIndex(CRI) lightsforreadinglampsandambientlighting.Thisallowsthetruecolorsofavehicle’sinteriortobemoreeasilyperceived, improvingthechancetonoticeandappreciatethecraftsmanshipandseamless fusionofrefinedmaterialschosentosignify premiumcarbrands.

Forexample,Optisolis™technology,ultrahighcolorrenderingindexLEDemitters developedbyNichia,providesaspectrum tomatchsunlight.WithaCRIhigherthan 98,thisinnovativesolutionprovidesan

www.nichia.co.jp/en

ForviaenvisagesinstrumentpanelswhicharebasedonmodulararchitecturesallowingOEMs’platformingandupgradabilitythroughthelifecycle.Theyintegrate sustainablematerialsandsurfaceactivationinnovationsincludingimageprojectionforanenhancedlifeonboard.PhotocourtesyofForvia.

accuraterepresentationofdifferenthues infabricsusedwithindoorpanels,seating, dashboard,andcenterconsole.

ThishighCRIisavitalcharacteristicin theconceptofthe‘cockpitofthefuture’, wherethequalityoflightwillcontributeto theoverallexperienceinaspacethatfunctionsasa‘mobilelivingroom’.Withthe adventofautonomousdriving,passengers willspendmoretimereading,eating,sleeping,viewingentertainment,andcommunicatinginsidecars,necessitatingalighting environmentthatcanadapttotheseactivitiesandmore.

HowareTheseLightingInnovationsEnhancingVehicleExteriors?

Fortheexteriorofvehicles,ahigherCRI lightsourcecouldalsobebeneficialasit alignswithcameradetectionsystems,improvingtheinteractionbetweenvehicles andtheirsurroundings,includingthedetectionofpedestriansandobstacles.

Echoinginteriordesigntrends,adjustable moodlightingwithinvehiclesallowsdrivers andpassengerstocuratetheirenvironment,transitioningfromacalm,softglow duringarelaxeddrivetoabright,alertambianceduringafocusedjourney.WithLED stylinglights,everyonecandesignapersonallightingatmosphereforthecomplete cabinoraparticularzonewithinthecar.

WhatAbouttheRoleofColored LEDsandCOBTechnologyinAutomotiveLighting?

TheuseofcoloredLEDsisanothertrend thathasevolvedfromgenerallighting, utilizedbothforaestheticandfunctional purposes.Forexample,cyanlighting canindicateautonomousdrivingconditions,helpingtocommunicatethestatusof thevehicletopassengersandotherroad users.GreenandredLEDs,incomparison, candisplaychargingportstatus,providing clearandintuitivesignalsforelectricvehicle users.

ThetechnologyofChiponBoard(COB), knownforemittingahighleveloflight withinaminiaturizedpackage,isanother

innovationfromgenerallightingfindingits wayintoautomotiveapplications.COB allowsLEDchipstobemountedclosertogether,whichisespeciallyadvantageous fortechnologieslikeAdaptiveDrivingBeam (ADB)applications.Thiscreatesmoreuniformlightingwithlessglare,enhancing safetythroughbetterroadilluminationwithoutblindingotherdrivers,aswellasminiaturizingandenhancingtheoverallefficiency oftheheadlampmoduleforbettersustainability.

Ofcourse,COBLEDsalreadyproveuseful inarchitecturalapplicationstodelivereven lightinginroomswithoutharshglarethanks toadjustmentstothespatialdistributionof light.

HowDoesSmartLightingIntegrateintoAutomotiveApplications?

Smartlightingsystemsrepresenttheintegrationofsmartcityconceptsintovehicles.Thesesystemscanenablevehicleto-vehiclecommunicationthroughlight signals,allowingfortheexchangeofinformationandenhancingroadsafety.Additionally,theycontributetoreducepower consumptionandcanbepartofbroader energy-efficientstrategiesinvehicledesign.

HowareTrendsSeeninGeneral LightingInfluencingAutomotive Lighting?

Therearemanytrendsinautomotivelightingwhicharealsoevidentinarchitectural lighting.Today,interiorcarlightingdoes

morethansimplyallowyoutoseecontrols orfindaUSBport.Beyondguidingyou, lightrespondstoyouandcommunicates withyou.Carlightinghasmovedfrombeingmerelyilluminationtobeinganintegral, interactivecomponentwithinthevehicle’s designandfunction.

Muchlikesmarthomedevices,LEDswithin vehiclesnowadapttovariousdrivingconditions,enhancingvisibilityduringfoggy morningsordimmingtoreduceglareduringaserenenightdrive.Indeed,Nichia’s micro-PixelatedLightSolution(µPLS)is apioneeringlightenginesolutionwhich integratesmicroLEDs(µLEDs)idealfor high-definition(HD)adaptivedrivingbeam applications.Thetechnologydeliversthe brightness,highpixeldensitywithindividualpixelcontrol,andflexibleconnectivity requiredtoenableittobesmoothlyintegratedintomodernelectric/electronicE/E cararchitecture.

Additionally,uniqueSmartLEDsfeaturing anASIC(ApplicationSpecificIntegrated Circuit)design,makinginroadswithinautomotivelightingcouldbeusefulingeneral lighting.Combinedwithintegratedsensors,driversandsoftwarecontrol,these pioneeringSmartLEDsalreadymonitorvehicles(detectingtheirspeed,direction,and presence)andthemovementofpedestrianstoactivatelightingwhenpeopleorcars enteraspecificareaandissuealertsand warningstoenhanceroadsafetyandtrafficmanagement.Somecarparksalready usesmartLEDsforreal-timevehicletracking,aidinginfindingavailablespacesand streamliningtrafficflowwithinthefacility. Ascommunicationtools,smartLEDscan providepublicannouncements,interactive displays,andsafetyalerts.Forexample, indisasters,usingLi-Fitechnology(useful ifnetworksareoverloadedorunavailable) smartLEDscanconveyevacuationinformationtodirectpeopletosafezones.

WhataretheChallengesArchitecturalLightingDesignersFace whenTransitioningtoAutomotive Lighting?

Inarchitecturalapplications,controllability isaveryimportantfeatureforinteriorand exteriorlighting.Itprovidesthecapability topresentlightwithinafastresponse,particularlyusefulfordigitalsignageorlight panelsdisplayinganimations.Forexample, smartLEDscaneliminatetheneedtorearrangeretaillightingasbrightness,color temperature,andfocuscanbeadjusted remotelywithoutphysicallymovingfixtures. Dynamicspotlightscanalsobedeployed thatvarytheintensityanddirectionoflight, highlightingproductsorspecificareasin astore.Thisflexibilityenhancestheshop-

pingexperienceandreducestheneedfor manualadjustments,providinggreaterefficiencyandflexibility.

Also,lasersusedwithinautomotivelighting thatenhancevehicularsafety,canreliably projectintricategraphicsandimagesfor architecturallightingpurposes.Forexample,forultra-thinandintensebeamsof illuminationappliedorintegrateddirectly tostructuresandmaterialsonandwithin buildings,afiberopticcoupledwithlaser couldbeusedinsteadofconventionalluminaires.

Thetransitionofarchitecturallightingdesignersapplyingtheirwisdomintheworld ofautomotivelightingpresentsacomplexchallenge,primarilyduetolightingin carsbeingtechnicallydemandingindistinctlydifferentways.Onesignificantobstacleisthecontrastinproductlifetime expectations.Architecturallightingtypicallydemandsalifespanofatleast60,000 hours,astandardthatfarexceedstheaverage5,000to15,000-hourlifespanfound inautomotivelighting.Thisdisparityalso highlightsamajordivergenceindesign philosophyandendurancerequirements, meaningdifferentapproachestomaterial useandpackagestructuredesign.

AnothercriticalaspectisadisparityinLED drivercapabilities.Theelectronicspecificationsinautomotivelightingaremarkedly differentfromthoseingenerallighting,involvingmorerigorousstandardsforpower efficiency,size,andheatmanagement. Thesetechnicalrequirementsaretailored totheuniquedemandsofautomotiveenvironments,suchasvibrationresistanceand rapidon-offcycling,whicharelessprevalentinarchitecturalcontexts.Conversely,

DALI,0-10Vandswitch-dimcompatibility arekeyingenerallightingdrivers.

Moreover,theissueofstandardization presentsanotherobstacle.Whilearchitecturallightingbenefitsfrommoreestablished industry-widestandards,theautomotive sectorexhibitslessstandardizationatLED lightmodulelevel.Thislackofuniformity canposesignificantchallengesfordesignersaccustomedtothemoreregulated environmentofarchitecturallighting,requiringthemtonavigatealandscapewhere customizationandproprietarysolutionsare morecommon.

Additionally,LEDreliabilityandrobustness areparamountinautomotivelightingdueto theharsheroperatingenvironments.Automotivelightingcomponentsareengineered towithstandextremeconditions,suchas vibrations,temperaturefluctuations,and moisture,whicharenotascriticalinarchitecturallighting.Allofthisnecessitatesa higherlevelofengineeringandmaterialscienceexpertiseincardesign,makingthe transitionfromarchitecturaltoautomotive lightingmorechallenging.

CanArchitecturalLightingDesignersSignificantlyImpactAutomotiveLighting?

Architecturallightingdesignersholdthe potentialtocontributemeaningfullytothe automotivelightingfield.Theirexpertisein aestheticdesign,human-centriclighting, andspatialilluminationcanofferfreshperspectivestoautomotivelighting,whichis increasinglyfocusingonenhancinguser experienceandsafety.Architecturallightingdesignerscanalsobenefitfromobservingandintegratingautomotivelighting trends,suchastheuseofdynamiclighting andadvancedcontrolsystems,intotheir

Nichia’sµPLS™(micro-PixelatedLightSolution),apioneeringlightenginesolutionintegratingpixelated microLEDsidealforhigh-definition(HD)adaptivedrivingbeamapplications.

Advancedmodularity,coupledwithproficiencyinintegratingsustainablematerialsandsmartfunctionalitiesintosurfacesaswellasNichia’slightingtechnologies, empowersForviatocrafttailor-madeinteriorsthatofferheightenedcomfort,sustainability,anddigitalsophistication.PhotocourtesyofForvia.

practices.Thecross-pollinationofideas betweenthesetwodomainscanfoster innovation,pushingtheboundariesofcreativeandscientificthinkinginboth,aswe movetoafuturewhereautonomousvehicleswillredefineourtransportexperience.

Insummary,whilethecomplexitiesand technicaldifferencesbetweenarchitectural andautomotivelightingpresentsignificantchallenges,theyalsoofferaunique opportunityforknowledgeexchangeand invention.Architecturallightingdesigners, withtheirrichexperienceincreatingambientandpurposefullighting,canbringnew insightsintotheautomotiveworld,which inturncaninformandenricharchitectural lightingpractices.

Moreover,theconvergenceofgeneraland automotivelightingtrends,particularly throughLEDs,ispalpablyevident.LEDs haveproventhatlightingisnotmerelya functionalelement;itisanintegralcomponentincraftinganexperience,curatingan atmosphere,andevenenhancingsafety andcomfort.Indeed,inaworldwhere technology,design,andsustainabilityconverge,LEDlightingstandsoutasabeacon thatnotonlyilluminatesourspacesand ourdrivesbutalsoguidesustowardsafuturewhereourenvironments,betheyour homesorourvehicles,areintuitively,beautifully,andsustainablylit. ■

AboutNichia

“TheoriginofNichiacamefromtheinspirationofNichia’sfounder,NobuoOgawa, toutilizelimestonesinhishometownof Tokushima,fortheproductionofcalcium compoundusedinpharmaceuticalmaterials.Nichiahasstrivedformonotsukuri* withitsoriginaltechnologies,whileexpandingitsproductrangefromcalciumcompoundtophosphors,LEDs,LaserDiodes, cathodematerialsforLithium-ionbatteries,andmagneticmaterials.Despitemany obstaclesanddifficulties,Nichiahassucceededindevelopingseveraloftheworld’s bestproductsbasedontheunfaltering foundationalbelief,“creatingtheworld’s bestproductsbyworkingearnestlyand utilizingthetechnology,fullofwisdom,and expertiseofallNichiaemployees.”Inkeepingwiththisbelief,Nichia’smonotsukuri*is nowconcentratedintwomainfields:light andenergy.Sinceitssuccessfuldevelopmentoftheworld’sfirsthighluminousblue LED,Nichiahasbeenaninnovatorinthe fieldofLEDs.

Nichiabelievesthatthepotentialforthe nextinnovationbeyondallimagination mustincludetheunderstandingofthefundamentalnatureoflightandluminous/opticalmechanism,“Lightbehavesasaparticleandasawaveatthesametime”.With thisbelief,NichiahasalreadystarteddevelopingandsellingnewLEDswhichpursue

theultimatequalityoflight.Nichia’sgoalis tocontinuetocontributetosocietywithouteverforgettingthespiritthatbrought thecompanyhere:“Everresearchingfora brighterworld.”

––President&CEO,HiroyoshiOgawa

*TheJapaneseworddescribingcreating, manufacturing,anddevelopingactivities thatarenotonlyfocusedonthesimple processofmanufacturinginsideafactory butalsoincludethecreation,utilization, andcombinationofideas,technologies, andexpertise.

NichiawillbeshowcasingitsSustainableInnovationandTechnicalLeadershipatSIAVisionheldfromOctober 16-17inParis,France.

Aligningwiththeautomotiveevent’stheme of‘VehicleInfrastructureandSafetyImprovement’,Nichiawillexhibitarangeof productsdesignedtoenhancevehicle safetyandperformance–especiallyinadverseweatherconditions.

ExpertTalksonLight–TimeMatters,ShiningLighton

MetabolicHealth

GoodLightGroup,SocietyforLightTreatmentandBiological Rhythms,theDaylightAcademy,andLugerResearch|7thEdition

Dr.CharnaDibner–

Moderation

CharnaDibnercompletedherPhDinMedicalSciencesunderthesupervisionofProfessorDaleFrankintheDepartmentof BiochemistryattheTechnionIsraelInstitute ofTechnology,headedbyNobelLaureate ProfessorAvramHershko.Shenextmoved toGenevawhereshecompletedherpostdoctoraltrainingattheFacultyofScience, UniversityofGeneva,withProfessorUeli Schibler,workingonthemechanismsof transcriptionalandtemperaturecompensationofthemammaliancircadianclocks. In2009,shewasappointedasaGroup LeaderoftheLaboratoryofCircadianEndocrinologyattheFacultyofMedicine, acquiredherPrivateDocentdegree,and wasnominatedAssociateProfessorin 2021.Herworkcentersupontheimplicationofcircadianoscillatorsinregulationof metabolicprocessesinmammals.Inparticular,sheisinterestedinintricateinterplay betweentheisletcellularclocks,andinthe inter-organdesynchronyuponmetabolic diseases,unravelingtherolesofthecircadianclocksinhumanmetabolicdiseases. Charna’sworkhasbeenawardedwith severalprestigiousSwissprizesincluding RocheResearchFoundationprize,Takeda prizefordiabetesresearch,theawardsby FrenchSwissFoundationofDiabetesResearch,andLeenaardsandISRECFoundationawardsfortranslationalresearch.

Dr.KathrynReid–

FromtheRealWorldtothe Lab:WhyLightMattersfor MetabolicHealth

Theimpactoflightisdependentonwhen itoccursrelativetotheinternalbiological clock,andassuchthetimingofwhenwe getlightordarkacross24-hoursmatters. Lightexposurepatternsareamodifiable factorthatcanhavesignificantimpacton healthandwellbeing.Resultsfromreal worldandlaboratory-controlledstudies thatexaminetheimpactoflightexposure onhealthwillbediscussed.Frompregnant womentoolderadults,datafromrealworldmonitoringoflightlevelssuggests thathigherlevelsoflightexposureinthe fewhoursbeforeandduringsleepareassociatedwithpoormetabolichealth.The mechanismunderlyingthesefindingsare supportedbycontrolledlaboratory-based studiesexaminingtheimpactoflighton cardio-metabolicfunction.Togetherthese studiessuggestthatinterventionstooptimizethepatternoflight-darkexposure acrossthe24-hourdaycouldbebeneficial tohealthinvulnerablepopulations.

Dr.Jan-FriederHarmsen–DiabetesintheDaylight: MetabolicBenefitsThrough NaturalOfficeLighting?

Hetalksaboutarecentlycompletedstudy, inwhichhetestedifnaturaldaylightduring officehoursismorebeneficialformetabolic healthoutcomesoftype2diabetespatientscomparedtoconstantartificiallighting. RecordedTalk

https://bit.ly/3V5V53o

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CoverPage: REFLEX²transferstheprinciple oftheclassicREFLEXluminairetotoday’s technologyandaestheticsensibilities.The precursoralreadypresentedaconvincing lightingsolutionatthecentralceilingconnectioninaspacebyemployingaspecial ceilingreflector.REFLEX²nowopensupthis formerlyclosedbodyandfurtherdevelops itintoadelicate,elegantlyroundedframe structurethatcontainstheLEDboards.Their lighthitsaprismaticreflectorsurfaceofthe samebasicdimensions.

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