LED professional Review (LpR) – Mar/Apr 2025 – LpR#108 by Luger Research e.U.

ExclusiveLookat Cutting-EdgeLighting Technologies andBusinessStrategies

DearValuedReaders,

ThelatesteditionofLEDprofessionalReview(LpR),March/April2025, #108,ishere!Thisissueispackedwithexcitinghighlights,andI’dliketo takeamomenttointroducesomeofthemtoyou.

WithLightFairInternationaljustaroundthecorner,weareexcitedto featureitonourcoverandprovideabriefintroductiontothisimportant event.Thisyear,theshowisevenmorecompellingwithitsnew partnership,poweredbyLight+Building—agreatreasontoattend!

We’realsohonoredtohaveDr.AlexanderHoffmannopenthisissuewith hisexpertcommentaryonLEDtechnologyasacutting-edgeinnovation. OurexclusiveinterviewserieswiththeCIEconcludeswithanin-depth conversationwithProf.Dr.LuoxiHao,offeringinsightsintotheroleof lightingeducationandresearch. Onthetechnologyfront,weexplorethelatestadvancementsin Near-InfraredTechnology,thestateofMicro-Optics,andbreakthroughsin GaNtechnology.Additionally,wediveintotworapidlygrowingareas: smartstreetlighting,nowequippedwithsensorsandcommunication modules,andinteroperabilityinconnectedlightingsystems,withinsights fromleadingexperts.

Forthisissue,we’realsosteppingbeyondourusualtechnologyfocusto tackleapressingbusinesstopic:Howcanlightingcompaniesregaina competitiveedge?Whatinefﬁcienciesexist,andhowcantheybe identiﬁed?IndustryexpertWojtekCiepliksharesvaluablestrategiesto helpbusinessesthrive.

WehopeyouenjoythiseditionofLEDprofessionalReviewandlook forwardtoyourfeedback,thoughts,andideas.Happyreading!

YoursSincerely,

SiegfriedLuger

Founder&CEOofLugerResearche.U.

EnterpriseHealth:TheHiddenKeyto LightingIndustrySuccess byWojtekCieplik,LightGrowConsultingand Brandt&Partners

Near-InfraredLightandHumanHealth: ExploringtheScientiﬁcFoundationsand PracticalApplications byAyhanSiriner,Dr.AnneBerends,and AleksandraGoncharova

STREETLIGHTING

44 StreetlightsWillBecometheLocationof ChoiceforSensorsandCommunication Modules byJonathanCatchpole,TEConnectivityand MartinCreusen,Signify

CONNECTEDLIGHTING

48 UnderstandingandImplementing Interoperability bymwConnect

52 Micro-optics:ShapingtheFutureof High-PerformanceLEDLighting byJessicavanHeck,PHABULOuS

TECHNOLOGY

54 GalliumNitride(GaN)TechnologyBrings EfﬁciencyandSizeBeneﬁtstoLED LightingMarket byDenisMarcon,Innoscience

ExpertTalksonLight–

Dr.AlexanderHoffmann BusinessLine Illumination, amsOSRAM

Ihavebeenfortunateenoughto accumulatesigniﬁcantexperience inthesemiconductorindustry, whichIbelieveoffersexciting opportunitiestodrivegrowthand proﬁtability.Ienjoycollaborating closelywithcustomersacrossa varietyofsectors,including industrial,lighting,consumer,and automotive,todelivertailored solutionsthatmeetthedynamic needsofthemarket.Ivaluethe long-termpartnershipsand sustainablebusinesssuccessthat comefromthesecollaborations.

LEDisNotJustaLightSource–ItisHigh-endTechnology!

amsOSRAM iscommittedtoproviding youwiththebestsolutionforyourbusiness.

Solidmarketgrowth

Themarketwillundoubtedlydemonstrate robustandsustainedgrowthinthefuture. Weareconﬁdentthatitwillcontinueto expandatmid-singledigitgrowththrough to2030.Thisgrowthisdrivenbyseveral factors,includingincreasedconstruction activityworldwide,governmentregulations restrictinginefﬁcientlighting,andgovernmentprogramsaimedatreducingLED lightingcosts.Weareawareofthe challengescurrentlybeingexperiencedby severalLEDplayersinthemarket,which hasresultedintheirwithdrawal.However, weremaincommittedtoourpositionasa leadingproviderofoutdoor,indoor,horticulturallighting,andindustrialsolutions, withafocusonperformanceandquality. Itrulybelievethatthecurrentmarket developmentswillenableleadingplayers likeamsOSRAMtofosterinnovationand bringevenmorevaluetothecustomers.

Lowercostperlumen

Weareseeingapushforhigherefﬁciency andlowercostperlumen.Miniaturization iskey,openingnewformfactorsandapplications.Smartlightingwithintegratedsensorsandcontrolsisrapidlygainingtraction. amsOSRAMprovidesitscustomerswitha uniqueportfolioofinnovativeLEDs,offering inﬁnitedesignpossibilities,greatercosteffectiveness,outstandingperformance, andmaximumaccuracy–atworkplaces, ingreenhousesandathome.

Efficiency&Innovation

Energyefficiencyisthekeypriorityin outdoorlighting,andLEDsdeliversignificantsavingscomparedtotraditional technologies.Wearewitnessingtherise ofsmartstreetlightingsystems,which canberemotelymonitoredandcontrolled,ensuringadaptivelightingbased onreal-timeconditions.Lightpollution isanotherconcern,drivingdemandfor solutionsthatminimizeupwardlightspill andglare.Lightinghasevolvedbeyond thesimpleon-and-offfunction.With advancementslikepixelatedlighting,we cannowcreatetailoredscenariosthat wereonceunimaginable.Weimagine streetlightsthatprojectguidingpathsfor pedestrians,vehicleheadlightsthatdisplay warningsymbolslikesnowflakesonicy roads,andarchitecturalinstallationsthat

transformspaceswithvibrant,dynamic projections.

WetakeIPseriouslyandprotectit. IntellectualPropertyisoneofthepillarsof thecontinuousinnovationprocess.That iswhywearecommittedtodefending ourprotectedtechnologiesandensure thatourcustomerscontinuetobeneﬁt fromourproducts’unmatchedqualityand performance.ProtectingourIPmeans protectingsolutionsforourcustomers. Additionally,byusingamsOSRAM-based solutions,ourcustomerscanavoidthe riskofunauthorizeduseofamsOSRAM intellectualproperty,suchaspotentialoperationalinterruptionsintheirapplications. Wehavemonitoredmultiplecasesinthis regardandwillbetakingnecessaryaction inthenearfuturetoprotectourinnovations andyourinvestments.

Horticulturallighting–astepahead Theworldischanging.Citiesaregrowing, farmlandisdecreasing,theglobalpopulationisincreasing.Indoorfarmingis becomingmoreimportanttomeetthese demands.LEDsareimprovinginefficiency andcost-effectiveness,becomingaperfect choiceforgrowers.amsOSRAMisa strongvaluepropositionforOEMs,growers,andconsumers.Withasignificant numberofpatents,in-houseR&Dwithchip productioninEurope,weareleadingthe wayintotomorrow.OurlatestOSCONIQ™ P3737forhorticulturallightingsignificantly reducesenergycostsingreenhouseswithoutcompromisingonlightoutputratio (LOR).TheLED’smarket-leadingoverall wallplugefficiencyof83.2%inHyper Redallowsmanufacturerstoredesigntheir fixturesachievingahigherphotonfluxof 6.13µmol/swithlowerenergyconsumption,maximizingcropyieldsandshortening harvestcycles.

Outlook

Weareagloballeaderininnovativelight andsensorsolutions.Withover110 yearsofindustryexperience,wecombine engineeringexcellenceandglobalmanufacturingcapabilitieswithapassionfor cutting-edgeinnovation.Wewouldbe delightedtowelcomeyoutoourstand atLightFair2025inLasVegasinMayor GreenTechinAmsterdaminJune2025, wherewehopeyouwillﬁndinspirationfor yourbusiness. ■ A.H.

LightingEuropeCallsforFull RecognitionofEfficientand IntelligentLighting

lightingeurope.org

TheEuropeanCommissiontodaypresenteda packageofinitiatives:theCleanIndustrial Deal,theActionPlanforAffordableEnergy andtheOmnibusSimpliﬁcationPackage.

WhileLightingEuropewelcomestheeffortsto supportEuropeanindustrywiththeAction PlanforAffordableEnergyandtoreduce regulatoryburdenswiththeSimplification Package,weregretthatenergyefficiency technologies,includingefficientandintelligent lighting,havebeenoverlookedintheClean IndustrialDealandthatlightingisalmost completelyabsentfromtheActionPlanfor AffordableEnergy.

Simpliﬁcationmeasurestoeasereporting burdens

LightingEuropestronglywelcomesthe OmnibusSimpliﬁcationPackage,whichaims toreducereportingburdens.Theintroduction ofobligationsthatareproportionatetothe sizeofthecompanyanditsenvironmentaland climateimpactisamoveintherightdirection, especiallyforSMEs.

”Thisisanimportantsteptoensurethat reportingrequirementsremainmanageablefor companiesofallsizes,”saidElenaScaroni, SecretaryGeneralofLightingEurope.”SMEs, whichmakeupalargepartofourindustry,will beneﬁtfromrulesthatareadaptedtotheir capacity,allowingthemtofocusongrowth andinnovation.”

LightingEuropewillcloselymonitorthe legislativeprocessofthisinitiativetoensure thatthevoiceofthelightingindustryandits SMEsisheard.

EfﬁcientandIntelligentLightingmustbefully recognizedintheEUdecarbonizationpathway

TheCleanIndustrialDealaimstosupportthe greentransitionbypromotingclean technologies.However,thedealfailsto recognizethecriticalroleofenergyefﬁciency andlightingtechnologiesincontributingtothe EU’sclimatetargets.

WewelcometheAffordableEnergyAction Planwhichaimstoreduceenergycosts, includingbyincentivizingenergyefﬁciency solutions.Wealsoappreciatetheemphasis ontheneedforbetterenforcementofproduct rules,includingonline.Weregretthatthe proposedactionsdonotseemstrongenough atthisstageandthattheroleofrenovation andsmartandefﬁcientlightingisalmost completelyoverlooked.

”Efficientandintelligentlightingisan immediatelyavailableandcost-effective solutiontoreduceenergyconsumptionand CO emissions,”saidTeresaSelvaggio, DirectorofPublicAffairsofLightingEurope. “TomeetEurope’sdecarbonizationtargets, efficientandintelligentlightingmustalso benefitfromthesupportmechanismsoutlined intheCleanIndustrialDealandtheAffordable EnergyActionPlantocompletethetransition toLEDs,startingwiththerenovationofpublic buildings.”

LightingEuropeurgespolicymakerstoensure thatallcleantechnologies,includingefﬁcient andintelligentlightingreceiveadequate support.

Contact:ElenaScaroni,SecretaryGeneral mailto:elena.scaroni@lightingeurope.org

AboutLightingEurope

LightingEuropeisthevoiceofthelighting industry,basedinBrusselsandrepresenting 32companiesandnationalassociations. Togetherthesemembersaccountforover 1,000Europeancompanies,amajorityof whicharesmallormedium-sized.They representatotalEuropeanworkforceofover 80,000peopleandanannualturnover exceeding15billioneuro.LightingEuropeis committedtopromotingefﬁcientlightingthat beneﬁtshumancomfort,safetyand well-being,andtheenvironment. LightingEuropeadvocatesapositivebusiness andregulatoryenvironmenttofosterfair competitionandgrowthfortheEuropean lightingindustry. ■

LEDVANCEExpandsBrand

PortfoliowithAcquisitionof GermanLightingCompany loblicht

www.loblicht.de

LEDVANCE,agloballeaderinlighting solutions,ispleasedtoannouncethe acquisitionofloblicht,aGermanlighting expertrenownedforhigh-qualitydesign products.Thisacquisitionmarksasigniﬁcant milestoneinLEDVANCE’smissionto strengthenitslightingprojectexpertiseandits portfolioofbrands.

JueWang,LEDVANCEExecutiveSeniorVice President(left)andThomasKretzer,loblichtManagingDirector(right).

loblicht’slongstandingreputationfor excellenceandinnovationhasmadeita trustedpartnerofLEDVANCEforyears.The acquisitionreﬂectsLEDVANCE’scommitment tomeetingtheneedsofitsprojectcustomers andenablingthemtoharnessthepowerof light.

“Wearethrilledtoofﬁciallywelcomeloblicht intotheLEDVANCEfamily.loblichthasbeena valuedpartnerforyears,andthisacquisitionis anaturalprogressionofoursuccessful relationship.Overthepastyears,wehave establishedLEDVANCEasthepartnerof choiceforlightingprojects.Theacquisitionof loblichtwillstrengthenourportfolioof powerfulproductbrands.Theirexceptional expertiseandnetworkintheprojectbusiness, togetherwiththeirreputationforhigh-quality products,willenhanceourcapabilities.It underscoresourcommitmenttodelivering sophisticatedandtop-qualityproductstoour customers”,saidLEDVANCEExecutiveSenior VicePresidentJueWang.

loblicht,basedinArnsberg,North-Rhine Westphalia,implementshigh-endluminaires forworkspaces,modernofﬁcelandscapes andpublicspaces.Theloblichtsystem solutionsbringtolifearchitectureandlight throughaproductrangewithharmonized variations,versatilecomponentsandmodern features.loblicht,knownatthetimeas tecnolight,wasacquiredbyHTPMaximum GmbHin2020,aholdingcompanybasedin Düsseldorf,Germanythatinvestsinmajority shareholdingsofGermanSMEs.“Evenif sellingcompaniesisnotourDNA,we immediatelysawthelong-termstrategicvalue thatcouldbeunlockedinbringingloblichtinto theLEDVANCEfamily.Andwearethrilledthat ourmissioninestablishingloblichtasanew premiumlightingbrandandsecuringjobshere inArnsbergwassuccessful,”saidPatrick Nathe,CEOofHTP.Followingitsacquisition byLEDVANCE,loblichtwillbecomeafully ownedsubsidiaryofLEDVANCE.

“LEDVANCE’sglobalfootprintandcustomer network,incombinationwithloblicht’sdeep levelofexpertiseinlightingprojects,opens excitingnewgrowthopportunitiesforthe loblichtbrand.Weareexcitedtoleveragethe synergybetweenourorganizationstobring evengreatervaluetoourcustomers.

Together,wewillbuildonourcollective strengths,fosteringinnovationandcreating newpossibilitiesinthelightingindustry”,said loblichtManagingDirectorThomasKretzer.

Aboutloblicht

TheloblichtGmbHDESIGNMITPROFILisa young,experiencedcompanyinthelighting industrybasedinNeheimArnsberg, Sauerland.loblichtdesigns,develops,and manufactureshigh-qualitylightingsolutionsfor workenvironmentsandnearlyallarchitectural interiors.Thebrandrepresentssophisticated lightingsolutions,offeringawiderangeof pre-configurableceilinglights,floorlamps, downlights,andlightchannelsthatprovide ampledesignflexibility.Anenthusiasticteam createslightingsolutionswithexceptional qualityandpracticalvalue.loblichtisareliable andfairpartnerforbothcustomersand suppliers. ■

SignifyAnnouncesThatCEO

EricRondolatWillStepDown

AftertheAGM2025

www.signify.com/

SignifyannouncedthatCEOEricRondolatwill stepdownfromthecompany’sBoardof ManagementaftertheAnnualGeneral

Meetingofshareholders(AGM)tobeheldon April25,2025.

EricRondolathasheldthepositionofChief ExecutiveOfﬁcerandChairoftheBoardof ManagementatSignifysincethecompany waslistedontheEuronextAmsterdamstock exchangeinMay2016.Beforethat,hewas ExecutiveVicePresidentandChiefExecutive OfﬁcerforLightingatPhilipsfromApril2012 toMay2016.

TheSupervisoryBoardandEricRondolat haveagreedthatthetimeisrightforachange ofleadership.TheSupervisoryBoardwillnow conductthesearchforasuccessorandwill considerbothinternalandexternal candidates.

EricRondolat.

”Ithastrulybeenagreathonorformetolead thisexceptionalcompanythroughthe demandingtransformationofthelighting industry.Iamimmenselyproudofwhatour teamshaveachieved,buildingtheindustry

leaderinanewtechnologicalera.Together, wehavedevelopedacultureofresponsible innovationandsetnewbenchmarksfor sustainablegrowth,whileenhancingour teams’solidarityandcustomercentricity,”said EricRondolat,CEOofSignify.“Aswe concludethisimportantchapterofour transformation,IamveryconﬁdentthatSignify willcontinuetoleadandsuccessfullyexecute itsgrowthstrategy.WhiletheSupervisory Boardconductsitssearch,Iremainmorethan evercommittedtomycolleagues,our customers,investorsandotherstakeholders.”

”OnbehalfoftheSupervisoryBoard,Iwould liketoexpressourgratitudetoEricforhis visionanddedication,asheledthebusiness formorethantwelveyears,”saidGerardvan deAast,ChairoftheSupervisoryBoardof Signify.“Underhisleadership,Eric successfullydeliveredthecompany’s separationfromPhilipsandIPO,continually establishingSignifyasthegloballeaderin lightingforprofessionalsandconsumers.His experienceandunrivalledknowledgeofthe markethavebeenessentialtosuccessfully navigatingthechallenginganddynamic marketconditionsofrecentyears.His foresightledtothetransformationofthe businesstoLEDandconnectedlighting technologies.Indoingso,hehassetthe courseforSignifytocontinuetoleadthe lightingindustrythroughthedigitalage.We arepleasedthatEricwillremainwiththe businessuntiltheAGM2025.” ■

onsemiProposestoAcquire AllegroMicroSystemsfor $35.10PerShareinCash

www.onsemi.com

onsemi(NASDAQ:ON)todaydisclosed detailsofaproposalsubmittedtotheBoardof DirectorsofAllegroMicroSystems,Inc. (”Allegro”)(NASDAQ:ALGM)toacquirethe companyfor$35.10pershareincashfor eachshare(the“Proposal”)ofAllegro’s commonstockonafullydilutedbasisatan impliedenterprisevalueof$6.9billion.

onsemihasmadenumerousattemptsover thepastsixmonthstoenterintoconstructive discussionsregardingapotentialtransaction. ThemostrecentProposalwassubmittedto AllegroonFebruary12,2025,andrepresents anincreaseoveraninitial$34.50pershare proposalsubmittedonSeptember2,2024.

“Webelievethecombinationofonsemiand Allegrowouldbringtwohighlycomplementary businessestogether,benefittingour respectivecustomersanddelivering immediatevaluetoAllegroshareholders,”said HassaneEl-Khoury,PresidentandChief ExecutiveOfficerofonsemi.“TheAllegro teamhasbuiltanimpressiveleadership positioninmagneticsensingandpowerICs fortheautomotiveandindustrialend-markets. Together,Allegro’suniqueproductportfolio andonsemi’sdifferentiatedintelligentpower andsensingtechnologieswouldcreatea diversifiedleaderinautomotive,industrialand AIdatacenterapplications.”

El-Khourycontinued,“Whilewewouldhave preferredtoreachanagreementwithAllegro privately,thedecisiontomakeourproposal publicreﬂectsourconvictioninthemeritsofa combinedcompany,whichwebelieveisinthe bestinterestsofAllegroandonsemi shareholders.WeurgetheAllegroBoardand managementteamtoengageingoodfaith discussionswithonsemi’smanagementteam regardingtheproposedtransaction,which maximizesvalueforAllegroshareholders.”

ThecombinationbetweenonsemiandAllegro wouldcreateanaturalstrategicﬁtgivenboth parties’respectivestrengthswithinthe automotiveandindustrialmarkets:

CompellingStrategicRationaleThatDelivers BeneﬁtsforCustomersandEmployees:

Allegro’sproductofferingcomplements onsemi’sleadershipinintelligentpowerand sensingforautomotive,industrialandAIdata centerapplications.Acombinationwould bringtogethertwostrongteamswithashared cultureofinnovationandaccesstoexciting newdevelopmentopportunitieswithinan expandedorganization.

DeliveringImmediateandCertainValuefor AllegroShareholders:Underthetermsofthe Proposal,onsemi’sall-cash$35.10pershare offerrepresentsa57%premiumtoAllegro’s closingsharepriceonFebruary28,2025,the lasttradingdaypriortomediareports regardingonsemi’sinterestinacquiring Allegro.

ClearPathtoCompletionandPlanfor Financing:onsemihasassembledateamof highlyexperiencedadvisorsandisprepared tomoveswiftlyandefficientlytocompletedue diligenceandnegotiateamutuallyagreeable definitiveagreement.Thecompanydoesnot anticipateanyfinancingcontingenciesand intendstofundthepotentialtransactionwitha combinationofcommittedfinancing,cashon hand,andfundsavailableunderitsexisting revolvingcreditfacility.

EngagementHistory

onsemifirstapproachedAllegroregardinga potentialall-cashacquisitiononSeptember2, 2024,viaaformalletterwithaninitialall-cash $34.50pershareproposal.Afollow-upletter wassentDecember10,2024,reaffirming onsemi’sdesiretotransactandgainaccessto findapathwaytodiligence.Subsequently, onsemimadeanotherattempttowards constructiveengagement,mostrecently submittingaletteronFebruary12,2025, improvingitsall-cashproposalto$35.10per share,whilealsohighlightingitsnumerous effortstomeaningfullyengagewithAllegro.

onsemi’srequestsinceSeptember2,2024, hasbeenconsistent:toadvancethe possibilityofthisvaluableoutcomefor shareholdersthroughrigorous management-to-managementdialogueand pursuingtherequisitediligenceandscoping ofregulatoryrequirementsinorderto expeditiouslymovetowardsﬁnalizationofa transaction. ■

amsOSRAMReceivesEU CommissionApprovalforan InvestmentGrantuptoEUR 227million ams-osram.com

TheEuropeanCommissiontodayapproved fundingforasemiconductormanufacturing facilityforamsOSRAMAG(SIX:AMS)under

theEuropeanChipsAct.Theofﬁcialfunding approvalfromtheAustrianMinistryof EconomyandLabor,whichisresponsiblefor thepaymentofthefunding,isnowexpected shortly.amsOSRAMplanstousethefunding ofupto€227millionapprovedbythe EuropeanCommissiontosustainably strengthenthedevelopmentandproduction siteinPremstaetten.Intotal,thecompany planstoinvest567millioneurosintheproject by2030,whenfullproductionwillbeginatthe headquartersinStyria.

“WearepleasedthattheEuropean CommissionhasapprovedAustrianstateaid undertheEuropeanChipsActtoexpandour semiconductormanufacturingin Premstaetten,”saidAldoKamper,CEOof ams-OSRAMAG.”Thefinancingispartof amsOSRAM’simportantinvestmentsin Austriainnewgenerationsofinnovative microchipsformedicalandautomotive applications.Thefirstfabofitskindfor next-generationoptoelectronicsensorsisa keycornerstoneofourgrowthstrategy.Inline withtheobjectivessetoutintheEuropean ChipsAct,itwillstrengthenEurope’ssecurity ofsupplyandtechnologicalautonomyinthe fieldofsemiconductortechnologies.Weare gratefulforthesupportwehavereceivedfrom boththeAustriangovernmentandthe EuropeanCommission.”

Thenewplantattheproductionsitein Premstaettenisintendedtofurtherexpand theleadingroleoftheAustriansemiconductor industry.Inthefuture,thesemiconductor manufacturingfacilitywillproducehighly differentiatednext-generationoptoelectronic sensorsthatarequalifiedforapplicationsin medicaltechnologyandtheautomotive industry.Inaddition,theproductionof productsforindustryorforuseinconsumer goodsisplanned.Itcombinesoutstanding technologies(CMOS,filter¹andTSV²)and worksaccordingtoatoolboxconcept. Dependingontheproduct,thedifferent capabilitiescanbecombinedindividuallyas requiredforenergy-efficientproductsfor imagingandoptoelectronicswithareduced formfactor,morefunctionsonasingle componentandoutstandingelectrical performance.Theconstructionofthe additionalcleanroomatthePremstaettensite, withanareaof1,800squaremetersfor CMOSproduction,willalsodoublefilter capacityandincreaseTSVcapacitybya factoroffour.

Inviewoftheglobalsituationinthe semiconductormarket,itisclearhow importantitistoinvestininnovativekey technologiesforthefuture.Thatiswhythe EuropeanCommissionhassetitselfthegoal ofpromotingthemassproductionof semiconductorsinEuropeandincreasingthe globalmarketshareto20percentof productionby2030.Inaddition,newchip technologiesforthenextgenerationaretobe madepossible.TheEuropeanChipsActwas createdforthispurpose.Theinvestmentof amsOSRAMwillhelptostrengthenEuropean sovereigntyinsemiconductorproductionand digitalization.Itwillalsomakeanimportant contributiontothegreentransition.

1)Filtersselectincomingradiation.For example,theyusethephenomenonof interference-theoverlappingoflight wavelengths-topassorreﬂectcertain spectralrangesofelectromagneticradiation. Thisenablescolorrecognitionbeyondthatof thehumaneye,2)TSVs-ThroughSiliconVias -areverticalelectricalconnectionsthrougha chip.Theyareessentialbuildingblocksfor advancedpackagingtechnologiesforhigh performance,smallfootprintdevicesrequired inmanydifferentmarketsegmentssuchas consumer,automotive,medical,etc.Devices withTSVsaretypically30to70percent smallerthanconventionalpackaging concepts.Suchasigniﬁcantreductioninsize isnecessarytoenabletheimplementationof sensorsinInternetofThingsapplications.

AboutamsOSRAM

TheamsOSRAMGroup(SIX:AMS)isaglobal leaderininnovativelightandsensorsolutions. Withmorethan110yearsofindustry experience,wecombineengineering excellenceandglobalmanufacturingwitha passionforcutting-edgeinnovation.Our commitmenttopushingtheboundariesof illumination,visualization,andsensingenable transformativeadvancementsinthe automotive,industrial,medical,andconsumer industries.

“Sensethepoweroflight”–oursuccessis basedonthedeepunderstandingofthe potentialoflightandourdistinctportfolioof bothemitterandsensortechnologies. Approximately19,700employeesworldwide focusonpioneeringinnovationsalongsidethe societalmegatrendsofdigitalization,smart livingandsustainability.Thisisreﬂectedin over13,000patentsgrantedandapplied. HeadquarteredinPremstaetten/Graz(Austria) withco-headquartersinMunich(Germany), theGroupachievedEUR3.4billionrevenues in2024andislistedasams-OSRAMAGon theSIXSwissExchange(ISIN: AT0000A3EPA4).

amsandOSRAMareregisteredtrademarksof amsOSRAMGroup.Inaddition,manyofour productsandservicesareregisteredorﬁled trademarksofamsOSRAMGroup.Allother companyorproductnamesmentionedherein

maybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks oftheirrespectiveowners. ■

SustainabilityinEmergency Lighting:TheRoleofTM65 andTM66Explained

www.ventilux.com/

Assustainabilitycontinuestoshapethe constructionandlightingindustries,itis crucialforelectricalcontractorstounderstand keyenvironmentalassessment methodologies.Twoimportanttechnical memorandums-TM65andTM66,playa signiﬁcantroleinevaluatingtheenvironmental impactoflightingproducts.However,they servedistinctpurposes.

WhatarethedifferencesbetweenTM65and TM66,theirrelevancetoemergencylighting, andhowdotheycomparetoEnvironmental ProductDeclarations(EPDs)?

TM65isamethodforcalculatingthe embodiedcarbonofbuildingservices products,includingluminaires,heating systems,andothermechanicalandelectrical components.Itprovidesanestimateofa product’scarbonfootprintwhenafull EnvironmentalProductDeclaration(EPD)is notavailable.

Foremergencylightingmanufacturerslike Ventilux,TM65isparticularlyrelevantbecause theircustomers,includingelectrical contractorsandconsultants,oftenrequire embodiedcarboncalculationstoassessthe sustainabilityofprojects.TheTM65 frameworkconsidersthematerialsusedinthe product’sconstruction,themanufacturing processesandenergyconsumption,the transportationfromproductiontothepointof use,andtheinstallationimpactson-site.

TM66isdifferent,itisalighting-speciﬁc frameworkdesignedtopromoteacircular economyinthelightingindustry.UnlikeTM65, whichquantiﬁesembodiedcarbon,TM66 providesguidanceandanassessment methodologytoevaluatehowwelllighting Connect

IanMurphy,R&DManageratVentiluxLtd.

productsalignwithcirculareconomy principles.

TM66focusesondesignforcircularity, ensuringproductsareeasytodisassemble andrepurpose.Italsoemphasizes remanufacturingpotentialtoextendproduct lifecyclesandrecyclingefficiencybyusing sustainablematerials.Additionally,TM66 promoteseffectiveend-of-lifemanagement, aimingtoreducelandfillwaste.WhileTM66 doesnotprovidedirectdataforembodied carboncalculations,itdemonstratesa company’scommitmenttosustainabilityand responsibleproductdesign.Overall,while TM65isvaluableforprojectspecifications, TM66highlightsacompany’sbroader, long-termcommitmenttoenvironmental responsibility.

AnEnvironmentalProductDeclaration(EPD)is acomprehensivethird-party-veriﬁed documentthatprovidesafullLifeCycle Assessment(LCA)ofaproduct,coveringits entireenvironmentalimpactfromrawmaterial extractiontodisposal.

Whatmanypeopledon’trealizeisthatthe third-partyveriﬁcationprocessthatensures accuracy,candifferwitheachdifferent programoperatorwhothenoverseestheir registrationandpublication–oftenmeaning differentorconﬂictingcalculations.While TM65andTM66providevaluableinsights, theyarenotfullLCAslikeEPDs.However, whenusedtogether,TM65andTM66data cangiveadetailedpictureofaproduct’s sustainability,makingthemausefulalternative whenanEPDisnotavailable.

Ventiluxarecommittedtoprovidingreliable TM65datatoassisttheircustomerswith embodiedcarboncalculations.Additionally, theysupportTM66principlesaspartoftheir missiontodrivesustainabilitywithinthe emergencylightingsector.

IanMurphy,R&DManageratVentiluxLtd, emphasizesthecompany’sdedicationto environmentalresponsibility:“AtVentilux, sustainabilityisembeddedineverythingwe do,somuchsowe’vemadeeffortstoremove allnon-essentialplasticfromourpackaging. Wealsotakeproactivestepstoreduce embodiedcarbonusingTM65andchampion acirculareconomywithTM66.Webelieve thatbyembracingboth,wearesetting standardsintheemergencylightingindustry andhelpingourclientsmakemore responsiblechoices.”

Byunderstandingtheseframeworksclients andcontractorscanmakemoreinformed choiceswhenselectingproducts,ensuring compliancewithsustainabilitygoalsand regulatoryrequirements.

AboutVentilux Ventiluxdesigns,manufacturesandoffersan extensiverangeofsafetysystemproducts

andservices,includingEmergencyLighting, CentralBatterySystems,Luminaire ConversionEquipment,EmergencyLighting Commissioning,ServiceandMaintenance. Ventiluxwasfoundedin1986,andhassince grownsteadilytobecomeoneofthelargest IndependentEmergencyLighting ManufacturersinEurope&theMiddleEast.

TheHeadOfﬁceinBray,Co.Wicklow,Ireland, isthecenteroftheVentiluxoperation,with over35,000sq.ft.ofstate-of-the-art productionfacilities,researchand developmentlaboratories,inhousetraining centerandglobaldistributionwarehouse. LiverpoolistheUKbasefordistribution,sales orderprocessingandin-houseconversions.

Ventiluxoperate,andarecertiﬁedto,ISO: 9001:2015.Modernmanufacturing technologycombinedwithstringentquality controlensuresthatVentiluxproductsprovide thecustomerwithtopqualityandexcellent valueformoney.InVentiluxwehaveahighly experiencedandtalentedR&DDepartment whoareconsistentlydesigningproductsthat reducecontractors’projectcostsandalso reduceourclients’day-to-daycosts. ■

CreeLEDAdvances

HorticultureLightingwith

LaunchofXLampXP-LPhoto RedSLineLEDs

www.cree-led.com

CreeLED®,aPenguinSolutionsbrand (Nasdaq:PENG),hasintroducedthenew XLamp®XP-LPhotoRedSLineLEDs,a groundbreakingadvancementinhorticulture lightingtechnology.Designedtodeliver exceptionalefﬁciency,exceptionaldurability andseamlesssystemupgrades,theseLEDs areoptimizedforhigh-performance applicationsingreenhouses,verticalfarms, andotherlarge-scalegrowingoperations.

TheXP-LPhotoRedSLineLEDsrepresenta 6%improvementintypicalWall-Plug Efﬁciency(WPE)overthepreviousgeneration, reaching83.5%at700mAand25°C.This improvementofferscompellingcostbeneﬁts forhorticulturecustomers.Theycanreduce operatingcostsbyupgradingtothesame outputwithlesspowerconsumptionorlower initialcostswitharedesignthatreducesthe

necessarynumberofPhotoRedLEDsbyup to35

BuiltwithadvancedSLinetechnology,Cree LED’sXP-LPhotoRedLEDsdelivertop-tier sulfurandcorrosionresistance,extendingtheir lifespanandensuringreliableperformance. Thesefeaturessigniﬁcantlyreduce maintenancecostswhileprovidingconsistent, high-qualitylightingthroughoutcriticalgrowth cycles.Additionally,withthesame3.45x3.45 mmXPfootprintastheXP-G3PhotoRedS LineLEDs,theXP-LPhotoRedenables seamlessupgradestoexistingdesigns.

“OurnewXP-LPhotoRedSLineLEDs combinetheefﬁciencyanddurabilityour customersdemandwithourpopularXP packagedesignforeaseofadoption,”said JoeClark,president,CreeLED.“Alongwith ourextensiveportfolioofoptimizedsolutions, theseLEDsareanidealchoiceformany horticulturelightingapplications.”

Productsamplesareavailablenow,and productionquantitiesareavailablewith standardleadtimes.Tolearnmore,visit www.cree-led.com/news/xlamp-xplphotored/.

CreeLEDandXLampareregistered trademarksofCreeLED,Inc.Allother trademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethe propertiesoftheirrespectiveowners.

AboutCreeLED

CreeLED,aPenguinSolutionsbrand,offers oneoftheindustry’sbroadestportfoliosof application-optimizedLEDchipsand components,leadingtheindustryin performanceandreliability.Withmorethan35 yearsofinnovation,ourstrongIPportfolioand uniquebusinessmodelensuressupplychain continuity.Wedeliverbest-in-classtechnology andbreakthroughsolutionsforfocused applicationsinhighpowerandmid-power generallighting,horticulture,specialtylighting andvideoscreens.Formoreinformation,visit cree-led.com. ■

NichiaLaunchesWhiteLED ”NS2W806H-B2”Featuring Blue/GreenChips

https://led-ld.nichia.co.jp/en

Nichia,theworld’slargestLEDmanufacturer andinventorofthehigh-brightnessblueand whiteLED,islaunchingawhiteLED(PartNo. NS2W806H-B2)designedforLCD backlighting.Thisproductaddsanewgreen chipinadditiontotheexistingbluechip, resultinginaconﬁgurationthatcombinesboth blueandgreenwithinasinglepackage.

ForLEDsusedinLCDbacklighting,itis commontoachievewhitelightbycombininga

bluechipwithgreenandredphosphors. However,duetothesigniﬁcantperformance improvementsinNichia’sgreenchip,the NS2W806H-B2usesagreenchipinsteadof thegreenphosphor,enablingawhiteLED withapeakyandnarrowgreenspectrum.

Thepeakyandnarrowgreenspectrumis highlycompatiblewithcolorﬁlters,resultingin improvedefﬁciencyasanLCDmodule. Additionally,itenablesawidercolor reproductionnotonlyforgreenbutalsofor red.Thisinnovationallowsforbothwidecolor gamutandhighbrightness/lowpower consumptionwithoutanytrade-off,whilealso ensuringreliability.

Withthisgroundbreakingtechnology,Nichia expectstocontributetothedevelopmentof next-generationvisualdevicessuchas monitorsthatrequirebeautifulcolor reproduction,mobiledisplaysthatdemand bothlowpowerconsumptionandwidecolor reproduction,andautomotivedisplays requiringhighreliabilityandvisibility,allof whichconventionalbacklighttechnologyhas facedchallengesinthepast.

Nichiacontinuestodevelopproductsthatare usefultosociety. ■

RefondLaunches

Industry-FirstDiamond-based Ultra-highPowerDensity Packaging

www.refond.com

InthetraditionalLEDlightingﬁeld,heat dissipationhasalwaysbeenacriticalfactor limitingperformanceimprovement.Especially withtherapiddevelopmentofLEDtechnology towardshighluminousefﬁciencyandhigh power,high-powerLEDpackaging

technology,duetoitsstructuralandprocess complexity,directlyaffectstheperformance andlifespanofLEDs.Incomplexapplication scenarios,high-powerLEDsfaceissuessuch asacceleratedlightdecayandreduced stabilitycausedbypoorheatdissipation, whichhavebecomeurgentchallengesforthe industry.

Toaddressthepainpointsoftraditional high-powerpackagingproducts,Refondhas innovativelyadopteddiamond-based substratetechnology,launchinga groundbreakinghigh-powerpackaging product—Diamond-basedUltra-highPower DensityPackaging.Thisproductmeetsthe demandforhigh-powerLEDsinscenarios suchasautomotiveheadlights,outdoor high-intensitylighting,andstagelighting, openingupmorepossibilitiesforthe developmentandapplicationofhigh-power LEDs.

01HighThermalConductivity,SuperiorHeat DissipationPerformance

Inhigh-powerapplicationscenariossuchas automotiveheadlights,conventionalceramic materialsoftensufferfromseverelightdecay, shortenedlifespan,orevenburnoutdueto poorheatdissipation.Refondhasinnovatively adoptedadiamond-basedsubstrate,witha thermalconductivityofupto1800W/(m·K), whichis10timesthatofceramicmaterials. Thisenablescontinuousbrightness improvementunderhighpowerwhileensuring theLEDchipoperatesstablyathigherpower levels.

02CompactSingle-LampSize,High LuminousEfﬁciency

Thenewproductoffersavarietyof speciﬁcations,withthesmallestsingle-lamp sizemeasuringjust5*5mm.Itisfully compatiblewithmainstreammarket standards,allowingdirectreplacementof existingsolutions,effectivelyreducing maintenancecosts.Itmeetstherequirements ofvarioushigh-efﬁciencyapplication

scenarios,especiallysuitableforsituations requiringhighbrightnessandlong-term illumination,suchasstreetlights.

03HighSingle-LampPower,ExcellentOptical Performance

Intermsofopticalperformance,Refondhas signiﬁcantlyreducedlightpropagationlosses throughtheinnovativedesignofthe diamond-basedsubstratepackaging structure.Thesingle-lamppowercanreach 60W,withaluminousﬂuxexceeding6500lm. Thelightdistributionisbrighterandmore uniform,deliveringoutstandingoptical performanceinscenariosrequiringhigh brightnessanduniformity,suchasprojectors.

04AdvancedPackagingTechnology,Higher Reliability

Diamondmaterialhasalowthermal expansioncoefﬁcient,whichreducesthermal stresscausedbytemperaturechangesand preventsissuessuchascrackingor delamination.Refond’sdiamond-based ultra-highpowerdensitypackagingutilizes proprietaryadvancedpackagingtechnology, effectivelyenhancingthereliability,stability, andlifespanofthedevice.Thischaracteristic isparticularlyimportantinprofessionallighting scenariossuchasstagelighting,ensuring excellentperformanceevenunder high-intensityoperation.

InnovationDrivestheFuture:Explore&Inﬁnite

Thelaunchofthenewdiamond-based ultra-highpowerdensitypackagingproductis undoubtedlyasigniﬁcantbreakthroughinthe lightingﬁeld.Itbringsaqualitative improvementtocurrentlightingapplications andinjectsnewvitalityintothedevelopmentof high-endlighting.Itisgraduallydemonstrating immensepotentialinapplicationssuchas outdoorlighting,automotivelighting,drone lighting,projectors,andstagelighting.

Relyingonitsinnovativebreakthroughsin ultra-highpowerdensitypackaging technology,Refondwillcontinuetodrive productupgradesanditerations,further enhancingthecompetitivenessofitsproducts tomeetthemarket’sdiverseapplication demandsforhigh-efﬁciency, high-performanceLEDlightsources. ■

KUMUXandK-array TransformSpaceswith Well-being-centered

Technology

kumux.io/

KUMUX,aleaderinscience-baseddynamic lightingsolutions,ispleasedtoannounceits collaborationwithK-array,amanufacturerof combinedprofessionallightingandaudio systems.Thisalliancemarksamilestonein dynamicworkenvironmentsfocusedon humanwell-being.

Traditionalartificiallightingdoesnotalways meetpeople’sbiologicalneeds.Awareofthis, KUMUXhasdevelopedsoftwarebasedon artificialintelligencethatadaptslightingto circadianrhythms,providingamorenatural andhealth-beneficiallightingexperience. WhenintegratedwithRAILbyK-array,an innovativearchitecturallinethatcombineslight andsoundinasingleproduct,amultisensory environmentenhancescomfort,creativity,and workplaceperformanceinaconvergenceof design.

“Inaworldwherewespendmostofourtime indoorsunderstaticlighting,theincorporation ofKUMUXintoRAILbyK-arrayallows workspacestoalignwithnaturallightrhythms, promotingwellbeing,mood,andproductivity,” explainsAdriaHuguet,CTOofKUMUX.“This collaborationistheperfectcombinationof lighting,intelligentcontrolandscience, offeringasolutionthatreconnectspeoplewith thelightcyclestheytrulyneed.”

RAILbyK-array,withitssleekdesignand abilitytointegrateprofessionalsoundand personalizedlighting,hasbeenthechoicefor innovativeinternationalprojectssuchasthe ofﬁcerenovationsofPavion,JLL,and ArmstrongCeilings,aswellastheredeﬁnition ofmodernworkspacesledbyTAD Associates.Duetotheincorporationof KUMUXtechnology,thissystemnow optimizestheauditoryandaesthetic experienceofspacesandcontributestothe healthandwell-beingofitsoccupants.

WiththeriseofcertiﬁcationssuchasWELL BuildingStandardandthegrowingrecognition oftheinﬂuenceoflightandsoundonhuman behavior,thisalliancebetweenKUMUXand

K-arrayrepresentsacrucialsteptowards creatingtheindoorspacesofthefuture.

“Ourmissionistofacilitatetheimplementation ofintelligentsolutionsthatimprovepeople’s dailylivesintheirworkplaces.WithRAIL,we offerunprecedentedintegrationofaudioand circadianlighting,ensuringhealthierandmore productiveenvironmentswithease,” concludesHuguet.

ThiscollaborationreafﬁrmsKUMUXand K-array’scommitmenttoinnovationandthe designofspacesthatprioritizehuman well-being.Withtechnologiesthatmimic naturallightandenrichthesound environment,thebuildingofthefutureisnow atangibleandaccessiblereality. ■

SollumTechnologiesand

LeaficientIntroducetheFirst Plant-responsiveDynamic

LEDLightingSolution

www.sollumtechnologies.com

SollumTechnologiesandLeaficientare pioneeringabreakthroughtechnologythat redefineshowLEDlightingadaptstoplant growth.Today’straditionallightingstrategies relyonDailyLightIntegral(DLI)astheprimary metricforoptimizingplantgrowth,basedon thepremisethatplantsabsorbanduselight withthesameefficiencythroughouttheday andatallgrowthstages.However,recent researchhasshownthatplantproductivity canchangesignificantlybasedonamyriadof factorsrelatingtotheenvironment,resources providedandinternalbiologicalprocesses.In response,SollumandLeaficientare collaboratingtodevelopthefirstclosed-loop, plant-adaptivedynamiclightingsystem,which adjustslightinginrealtimebasedonplant productivityandgrowthrates.

“Today’slightingstrategiesareoutdated becausetheydon’ttakeintoaccountthe actualefﬁciencyoflightabsorptionbyplants,” saidFrançoisR-Moisan,CTOandco-founder ofSollumTechnologies.“Growersareoften payingforphotonsthatplantsarenotusing effectively.ByintegratingLeaﬁcient’sreal-time plantmeasurementtechnologywithour dynamicLEDlightingsolution,wecannow ensurethateveryphotonismaximally

utilized—boostingyieldswhilereducing energycosts.”

Aneweraindynamiclighting

ThecombinedSollum-Leaficientsolution leveragesLeaficient’scutting-edgeplant monitoringtechnologytomeasure photosyntheticefficiencyandadjustlight intensityaccordingly.Thisclosed-loop approachensuresthatplantsreceivethe exactamountoflighttheyneed,precisely whentheyneedit,eliminatingunnecessary energycostsandoptimizinggrowth conditionsforanycropvarieties.

“Thefutureofhorticulturallightingisn’tjust aboutdeliveringmorelight—it’sabout deliveringtherightlightattherighttime,”said BrianStancil,co-founderandCEOof Leaﬁcient.“Byfocusingonreal-timeplant productivityratherthanstaticlighting schedules,we’renotjustimproving efﬁciency—we’retransforminghowgrowers managetheircrops.”

Thisgroundbreakingcollaborationbetween

SollumandLeaﬁcientmarksaparadigmshift incontrolledenvironmentagriculturewiththe ﬁrstplant-awaredynamiclightingsolutionthat maximizesbothyieldandsustainability.

Industrydisruptionwithreal-worldimpact Forgreenhouseandverticalfarmoperators, thisinnovationoffersacompellingalternative tolegacylightingstrategiesthatoftenrelyon staticschedulesandovercompensatewith excessiveenergyconsumption.Instead, SollumandLeaficientofferanintelligent lightingsystemthatadaptstothebiological rhythmsofcropstoensureoptimal performanceateverystageofdevelopment. Beyondoptimizinglightingefficiency,this breakthroughwillenableprecisecontrolover cropdevelopment—triggeringfruitingand floweringatoptimaltimesorevenenhancing specificnutrientandflavorprofiles.

AboutSollumTechnologies

SollumTechnologiesdesignedtheonly100% dynamicLEDlightingsolutionthatmodulates thefullspectrumoftheSun’snaturallightto illuminateclosedenvironmentssuchas greenhouses,researchcentersand laboratories.Sollum’saward-winning,turnkey solutionconsistsofinternetofthings, AI-poweredlightﬁxturesthatarecontrolledby Sollum’sproprietarySUNasaService®cloud platform.Sollum’sdistinctivepropositionisa fullyscalablecleantechsolutionthatevolves withbusinessneedsandmulti-zonelight management,witheachzonebeneﬁtingfrom automaticdimmingofanunlimitednumberof lightrecipes;thisiswhyitprovides unparalleledvalueintermsofenergysavings and,additionallyforgreenhousegrowers, increasedproductivity,andsuperiorproduce quality.

Foundedin2015,thecompanyis headquarteredinMontréal(Québec,Canada),

whereitsdesign,development,and manufacturingactivitiesareconcentrated,and hasrepresentativeofﬁcesinLeamington (Ontario,Canada)andAtlanta(Georgia,US). Formoreinformation,visitsollum.tech.

AboutLeaﬁcient

Leaficientisredefiningagriculturewith innovativeAI-drivensolutions.Itsflagship platform,HeliOS,combinesremotesensing andpredictiveAIwithgrower-centricdesignto deliveractionableinsightsandenhance productivity.BybridgingthegapbetweenAI andfarming,Leaficientisempowering growersworldwidetothriveinasustainable, data-drivenfuture.

LeaﬁcientisheadquarteredinPittsburgh, Pennsylvania,ahotbedforroboticsandAI innovation.Thecoretechnologiesbehind Leaﬁcient’ssolutionweredevelopedwith supportfromtheNationalScienceFoundation andCarnegieMellonUniversity. ■

PixNetControlLaunchNew andImprovedPixNetMiniV2 forEvenGreaterLEDLighting Control

pixnetcontrol.com

LightingandLEDcontrolspecialists,PixNet Control,haverecentlylauncheda second-generationoftheirleadingcompact LEDlightingcontroller,PixNetMini,complete withnewfeatures.Buildingupontheoriginal model,thePixNetMiniV2isacompactdevice thatcontrolsmultipleLEDlights,conﬁguring theirbrightnessandcolortocreatecaptivating displays,visualeffectsandanimations.

NowwithPoE(PoweroverEthernet),the PixNetMiniV2givesAV(Audio-Visual) installersmoreversatilitywithintheirlighting installations,withaddedoptionsforpowering theirLEDcontrollerdevice.

Italsohasanewlyaddedgroupingfeature, enablinguserstoconnectmultipledifferent pixelprotocolsonthesamedataline, simplifyingcomplexinstallationsand improvingsynchronizationacrossdiverse lightingsetups.

“AsLEDexpertscommittedtopushingthe creativecapabilitiesoflightingdisplays,we’re

pleasedtobeenhancingoursmallyet powerfulLEDcontrollerwithnewfeaturesand functions.TheadditionofPoEandgrouping makesthePixNetMiniV2evenmoreofan indispensabletoolforcreatingacaptivating lightingsetup”saysAlanReeves,CEOof PixNetControl.

LEDcontrollerslikethePixNetMinibyPixNet ControlarewidelyusedbyAVinstallersacross theUKtocreateandconﬁgurecomplexLED lightingdisplaysforevents,nightclubs, theatres,gymsandmore.

TheoriginalPixNetMiniwasreleasedin2024 toprovidemoreﬂexibilityforPixNetControl’s customers,offeringthesamepowerand creativecapabilitiesastheirstandardLED controllers,butinamorecompactsizefor discreetinstallations.

ThePixNetMinifeaturesadvanced network-basedﬁrmwareupdatesand conﬁgurationoptions,enablingseamless remotemanagement,systemadjustments andreal-timeoptimizationforultimate performance.

“Designedforuseindemandinglighting setups,thePixNetMiniLEDcontrollerhasthe capacitytocontroluptoeightlighting universes,eachwithupto1,360LEDsata refreshrateof25Hzforsmoothand responsiveeffects.Inrepeatmode,itcan supportupto9,520LEDs!ForbroaderLED support,thePixNetMiniV2includesa DMX512input/outputport,meaningit’s compatiblewithindustry-standarddigital multiplexdevicesorDMX-compatibleLED chips”addsAlan.

BasedinNorthWalshaminNorfolk,PixNet ControlhaveledthewayinLEDlighting controlinnovationsfornearly15years.Their productspowerprestigiousprojects,from iconicLondoneventstomajortelevisionand theatreproductions.

Withextensiveexpertiseinspecializedlighting andarobustnetworkofindustryconnections, PixNetControlareakeyplayerinthelighting installationsectorduetothetechnicalsupport andconsultationservicestheyprovide.

“WetakegreatprideinempoweringAV installersandlightingdesignerstobringtheir creativevisionstolife.ThePixNetMiniV2not onlypushestheboundariesofLEDcontrol technologybutalsounderscoresour dedicationtodevelopingadvancedtoolsthat enablestunningvisualdisplays”concludes Alan.

FormoreinformationonthenewPixNetMini V2,visithttps://pixnetcontrol.com/pixelcontrollers/74-pixnet-mini-.html ■

Ultra-NarrowBeamUVLEDs withExceptionallyFocused 10°BeamforHighIntensity andCollimationApplications violumas.com/

Violumas,providerofhigh-powerUVLED solutionsandinventorof3-PADLED technology,haslaunchedanultra-narrow beamUVLEDproductsuitableforcollimation, focusedillumination,longdistance,andﬁber couplingapplications.Withanintegrated10° fusedsilicaoptic,theVioBeam-1X1achieves highintensitiesatextendeddistances, allowingforthereductionofLEDsin high-dosagesystems.TheLEDisavailablein 255nm,265nm,275nm,295nm,and310nm wavelengthsandreadyfordirectintegration.

Violumasaimstoprovidethebestvarietyof high-performanceUVA,UVB,andUVCLEDs, encapsulatedwiththehighestqualityfused silicaoptics.Thewideselectionofbeam angles(30°,60°,90°,120°,and135°)allows Violumastoprovideuniquesolutions speciﬁcallytailoredtoanyUVLEDapplication. Thenewestadditiontotheproductline,the VioBeam-1X1series,offersanunprecedented ultra-narrow10°beamcombinedwitha high-powerUVLED,openingopportunitiesfor newdevelopmentsinultravioletapplications.

TheVioBeam-1X1seriesisavailablein 255nm,265nm,275nm,295nm,and310nm wavelengthsanddeliversupto0.1Woptical output.Theintegrated10°opticmaximizes UVlightinasmalltargetareaandisidealfor long-distancetransmissionwithhighintensity requirements.Comparedtoatypical135°ﬂat window,theVioBeam-1X1canemitupto55x higherintensityinasmallspotsizeof 10x10mmat50mmdistance,thereby achievinghighdosagetargetswithlessLEDs.

With5UVB/UVCwavelengthoptions,the LED’simpressivefar-ﬁeldintensityand focusedspotilluminationcanbeutilizedfor applicationsinlifesciences,waterdisinfection, curing,spectroscopy,environmental monitoring,airpuriﬁcation,research,and more. ■

FromResearchtoImpact:CIE’sRolein GlobalLightingEducation–

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao,VicePresident EducationatCIE

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: “Thefutureoflightingeducationwillbe multidisciplinary,technology-driven,and application-oriented,continuously integratingemerginginnovationsto cultivateprofessionalswhocanleadthe nextwaveofadvancementsintheﬁeld.”

Inthisexclusiveinterview,Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao,VicePresidentof EducationatCIE,sharesherinspiringjourneyfromanacademic researchertoagloballeaderinlightingeducation.Withdecadesof experienceinarchitecturallighting,research,andinternational collaboration,shediscussestheevolvingroleofeducationinthelighting industry,theimpactofemergingtechnologies,andhowCIEisshaping thefutureoflightingstandardsworldwide.ProfessorHaoalsohighlights keyskillsforaspiringprofessionals,thesigniﬁcanceofhuman-centric lighting,andtheimportanceofinterdisciplinarylearning.Herinsights offeracompellingvisionforthenextgenerationoflightingexperts.

www.cie.co.at

LEDprofessional: Firstofall,wewould beinterestedinhearingaboutyour careerpathandhowyouultimately becametheVicePresidentEducation atCIE

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: In1995,IwaspursuingaPh.D.intheDepartmentofArchitectureattheCollegeofArchitecture andUrbanPlanning,TongjiUniversity, Shanghai,China.Mydissertation,NonQuantitativeDesignResearchonVisual Environments,focusedonthesubjectiveandqualitativeaspectsoflighting design.Myadvisor,ProfessorGongxia Yang,wasoneofthefewChineseprofessorsofthaterawithstrongEnglish proﬁciency.Istillrememberourdiscussions,whereheemphasizedtheimportanceofstudyingtechnicalpublications fromtheInternationalCommissiononIllumination(CIE),whichbecameessential referencesformyresearch.

AftercompletingmyPh.D.,Icontinued myacademicjourneyasapostdoctoral researcherattheSchoolofArchitecture, TsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,underthe supervisionofProfessorQingxuanZhan, apioneerinChina’sarchitecturallightingresearch.Atthattime,fundingand opportunitiesforinternationalconferenceswerefarmorelimitedthanthey aretoday.However,ProfessorZhan supportedmeinjoiningtheChinaIlluminatingEngineeringSociety(CIES) delegationtoattendthe24thCIESessioninWarsaw,Poland,in1999.Iwas likelytheyoungestChineseparticipantat theevent,anditwasmyﬁrstexperience oftravelingtoEuropeforaninternational academicconference.

Aparticularlymemorablemilestonewas the26thCIESessionheldinBeijing in2007,whereIvolunteeredinorganizingandmanagingtheevent.Since then,Ihaveremainedactivelyengaged withCIEandinternationalacademic events.Iattendedthe28thCIESessioninManchester,UK,in2015,aswell asCIEMidtermMeetingsinHangzhou, China,andJejuIsland,SouthKorea.

In2017,theAsiaLightingConference washeldinShanghai,whereIservedas theconferencechair.Onthisoccasion, IspeciallyinvitedProfessorYoshiOhno, then-PresidentoftheInternationalCommissiononIllumination(CIE),todeliver akeynotespeech.Heencouragedme totakeonamoresignificantroleonthe globalstage.Followinghisnomination, recommendationbyChinaIlluminating EngineeringSociety(CIES)andtheCIE electionprocess,Iwasofficiallyelected asCIEVicePresidentonPublicationat the29thCIESessioninWashington, D.C.,in2019.Fouryearslater,atthe 30thCIESessioninLjubljana,Slovenia, Iwasre-electedasVicePresident,this timemainlyresponsibleforeducation affairs—anewlyestablishedpositionin CIE’shistory.Asascholarwithextensive experienceinacademiceducation,Isee thisroleasanopportunitytoleverage myexpertiseinacademiceducationand professionaltraining,strengtheningCIE’s globalinfluenceandcontributingtoits strategicdevelopmentgoals.

IjoinedtheDepartmentofArchitecture attheCollegeofArchitectureandUrbanPlanning,TongjiUniversity,in2001. TongjiUniversity,foundedin1907by theGermanphysicianErichPaulunwith

supportfromboththeChineseandGermangovernments,hasalonganddistinguishedhistory.Withsupportfrom renownedGermanlightingcompanies suchasERCOandOSRAM,IestablishedChina’sﬁrstArchitecturalLighting Laboratoryatauniversity.

Inmyteachingrole,Ihavebeenresponsibleforseveralundergraduatecourses focusingontheScienceandArtofLighting,includingArchitecturalPhysics–LightEnvironment,LightingDesign,DaylightandArchitecture,ScienceandArt inLight&Color,andtheArchitectural DesignGraduationProject.Additionally,Ihavetaughttwograduate-level courses:ArchitecturalandUrbanLight Environment,VisualPerformanceand LightingDesign.Intheteachingprocess, CIEpublicationsareundoubtedlyaprofessionaltechnicalreferenceandguide, especiallyforfacultyandstudentsinarchitecturewhomaynothaveastrong backgroundinscienceprograms,PhysicalMeasurementofLightandRadiation,andtheoreticalconcepts.Theseresourceshavesigniﬁcantlyhelpedbridge thegapinfoundationallightingscience knowledge.

TheChinaIlluminatingEngineeringSociety(CIES)isChina’ssolenationalrepresentativeinCIE.Currently,Iserveas VicePresidentofCIEandChairofthe InternationalExchangeCommittee.Over theyears,Ihavehadtheprivilegeof engagingwithseveralCIEPresidents, includingJackXia(USA),Woutvan Bommel(Netherlands),FranzHengstberger(SouthAfrica),andWarrenJulian (Australia)whoonceservedasCIEVice President(Technical).Theyhaveallvis-

itedChinamultipletimesandmaintained closecollaborationswithCIES.They havealsoservedasdistinguishedprofessorsatleadingChineseuniversities, includingFudanUniversity,TianjinUniversity,andTongjiUniversity.Through theirguidance,theseinternationalscholarshaveplayedakeyroleinfostering academicexchangesbetweenChina andotherCIEmembercountries,supportingyoungChineseresearchersin enteringtheinternationallightingﬁeld. ThroughtheCIEplatform,Ialsohave hadtheopportunitytointeractwith leadingscholarsfromaroundtheworld, broadeningmyacademicperspectives andstrengtheningmycommitmentto lightingresearchandeducation.

LEDprofessional: Whatdoyouconsiderthemostimportantskillorknowledgeareaforstudentsandprofessionalsinthelightingﬁeldtoday?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Theskillandknowledgerequirementsforprofessionalsin thelightingindustryvarydependingon theirprofessionalbackgrounds.Lighting isamultidisciplinaryﬁeld,andglobally,it israrelyofferedasanindependentundergraduatemajor.Mostprofessionals comefromrelatedﬁeldssuchasarchitecture,interiordesign,industrialdesign, andelectricalengineering.Careerpaths includelightingdesign,electricaldesign, luminairedevelopment,opticaldesign, material,controltechnology,lightingeducationandlighting-relatedresearchin institutions.

Overall,bothstudentsandprofessionalsshouldhaveasolidunderstanding oflightingscienceandtechnology,aestheticsensibility,innovationcapability, continuouslearningability,andteamworkskills.

Speciﬁcskillrequirementsarelistedaccordingtothecareerpath:

LightingandOpticalResearchers:

• Comprehensiveknowledgeofoptics andlightingprinciples

• Literaturereviewcompetency

• Experimentanddataanalysis

• Technologytransferandapplication skills

• Awarenessofresearchethics

• High-levelwritingandcreativity

LightingEducators:

• Proﬁciencybothinacademicteaching andprofessionaltrainingmethodology

• Curriculumdesignskills

• Hands-ontrainingabilities

• Industryinsightandstrategy

LightingDesigners&Consultants:

• Strongopticalprinciples

• Basicknowledgeofarchitectureand interiordesign

• Creativelightingdesignskills

• Proﬁciencyinsoftwareforvisualization andmodelling

• Projectmanagementandcommunicationskills

ElectricalEngineersinLighting:

• In-depthknowledgeofelectricalsystems

• Familiaritywithdesignstandardsand CADdrafting

• Equipmentselectionandinstallation expertise

• Maintenanceandtroubleshooting skills

• Projectmanagementandsafetycompliance

ProductDesignandR&D:

• Advanceopticaldesignknowledge

• Industrialaestheticdesignandstructuraldesignskills

• Circuitdesignandmaterialknowledge

• Testing,validation,andinnovation capabilities

• Proﬁciencyinrelevantdesignsoftware

• Awarenessofindustrytrendsand projectmanagementskills

LEDprofessional: Couldyoushare yourvisionforthefutureofeducation inlighting?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Inadditiontoacquiringspecializedscientificknowledge inthefieldoflighting,lightingeducationshouldplacegreateremphasison developingpracticalskills.Students needtounderstandthevalueofresearch findingsinpracticalapplications,especiallyinareassuchasLEDSPD(SpectralPowerDistribution)technologyand smartlightingcontroltechnology.This willhelpstudentsunderstandhowtodevelopproductsthatnotonlymeetvisual andperformancerequirementsbutalso promotehealthbenefits.Furthermore, itwillcontributetotheresearchanddevelopmentofupstreamsemiconductor productsandsoon.Withtheadvancementofbrain-computerinterface(BCI)

andwearabletechnologies,lightingeducationmustalsointegratetheseemergingtechnologiesintoresearch,witha particularfocusondatacollectionand analysismethods.Studentswilllearn howtoleveragetheinteractionbetween lightandthebraintodevelopnewlightingcontrolmethods.Therefore,lighting professionalsshouldhaveacomprehensiveunderstandingofthescientiﬁc principalsinthisﬁeldtoaddressawide rangeofapplications.Thefutureoflightingeducationwillbemultidisciplinary, technology-driven,andapplicationoriented.Itwillcontinuouslyadaptto andintegratecutting-edgetechnologies tocultivatetalentscapableofdrivingfuturetechnologicaladvancements.

LEDprofessional: Howdoyousee CIE’sroleinshapingthisfuture?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: TheInternational CommissiononIllumination(CIE),asthe authoritativeorganizationintheﬁeldof lightandlighting,canplaymultipleroles infuturelightingeducation:

1. LeaderinEducationalStandardsand CurriculumDesign:BasedonCIE’s technicalstandardsincolorimetry, photometry,andterminology,CIE provideseducationalinstitutionswith auniﬁedteachingframeworktoensurealignmentofcurriculawithindustryneeds.

2. StandardizationofKnowledgeSystems:CIEintendstopublishprofessionaleducationalguidelinestohelp institutionsindesigningcoursesthat coverfundamentaltheoriessuchas visualscience,opticsandapplied technologieslikeLEDsandsmart lighting.Theeducationalcontentwill becontinuouslyupdatedtoalignwith thelatestdevelopmentsinCIEknowledge.

3. PromoterofFrontierTechnologies andInterdisciplinaryResearch:Through technicalreportsandresearchoutcomes,theCIEintroducescuttingedgeresearchﬁndings,suchasintegrativelighting1 andnon-visualeffectsoflight,intoclassroomstokeep studentsinformedaboutemerging ﬁelds.Italsofostersinterdisciplinary collaborationbetweenlightingresearchanddisciplineslikearchitecture,medicine,andenvironmental

1CIES017:202017-29-028integrativelighting:lightingintegratingbothvisualandnon-visualeffects,and producingphysiologicaland/orpsychologicalbeneﬁts uponhumans.

andecologyscience,cultivatingprofessionalswithamultidisciplinary perspective.

4. BridgeforInternationalCollaboration andResourceSharing:CIEistrying tobuildaglobaleducationalnetwork, facilitatinginternationalacademicexchangesthroughcooperationamong membercountries.Itsupportsjoint researchprojectsandstudentexchangeprogramstoenhanceglobal engagement.Additionally,byprovidingaccesstoCIE’sonlinedatasets, itlowersbarrierstoeducationalresourceacquisition.

5. ConnectorofIndustryNeedsand TalentDevelopment:CIEisaboutto fostercollaborationamongindustry, academia,andresearchinstitutions todeﬁnefutureskillrequirements, concerningsustainablelightingand lightpollutioncontrol.Itencourageseducationalinstitutionstoexpandpracticalcoursesanddevelops teachertrainingprogramstoequip educatorswiththelatesttechnologiesandteachingmethodologies.

Insummary,CIE’sroleinlightingeducationwillgobeyondtraditionalacademic support,positioningitasakeydriver inbuildingagloballightingeducational ecosystem.

LEDprofessional: Whatarethekey challengesandopportunitiesyouface asVicePresidentofEducation(VPE) atCIEwhenitcomestoeducatingthe nextgenerationoflightingprofessionals?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: TheInternational CommissiononIllumination(CIE),asan internationalacademicorganization,is likelynotwellknowntomoststudents, particularlythoseinmydepartmentof architecture.However,Ifrequentlyintroducethemtotwobrilliantﬁguresin CIEhistory.TheﬁrstisThomasEdison,widelyregardedasthefatherof theelectricityage.Beforethe7thCIE ConferenceheldinNewYorkin1928,a seriesoftechnicalvisitswereorganized, duringwhichEdisonhostedCIEdelegatesinhislaboratory.Thesecondis Dr.HarrisonSchmitt,anAmericanastronaut.Hewasthekeynotespeaker atthe25thCIEConferenceheldinSan Diegoin2003.Hewastheonewho,in December1972,boardedtheApollo17 spacecraftandtookapictureofEarth from45,000kilometersaway.

Oneofmykeyfocusesishowtoraise awarenessofCIEamongstudents,encouragethemtoutilizeitsacademic resources,andstayupdatedonitsresearchdevelopments,especiallythe topicaldiscussionscurrentlybeingconductedbytheTechnicalCommittees (TC).Naturally,thisisalsomyresponsibilityanddutyasCIEVicePresidentof EducationandamemberoftheGoverningBoard.

LEDprofessional: Howhasthedemandforeducationalprogramsin lightingevolvedoverrecentyears, andhowhasCIEadaptedtothese changes?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Theemergence ofnewtechnologieshassigniﬁcantlyimpactedtheevolutionoftheknowledge systeminlightingeducationprograms. Forinstance,comparedwithtraditional lightsources,semiconductorlighting technologyhasfundamentallytransformedtheoreticalknowledge,lighting design,andtechnicalapplications.In recentyears,theadventoftechnologies suchastheInternetofThings(IoT)and artiﬁcialintelligence(AI),combinedwith theoreticalresearchonnon-visualeffects oflightingonhealth,hascontinuously expandedthescopeandboundariesof knowledge.

CIE’stechnicalactivitiesarecarriedout throughitscurrentsixdivisions,covering visionandcolor,physicalmeasurement oflightandradiation,interiorenvironmentandlightingdesign,transportation andexteriorapplications,photobiology andphotochemistry,andimagetechnology.UndertheleadershipofCIEPresidentJenniferVeitch,CIEhasfocused ontheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)anddeveloped aresearchstrategyaimedatsupporting theachievementof12outofthe17UN SDGs.

Theserepresentsomeofthemostpressingchallengesthatrequiresolutions.CIE publications,includingtechnicalreports andnotes,standards,guidelines,open accessdatasets,andpositionstatements,aswellasthematicseminars, tutorialsandworkshopsonpublications,helpeducatorsintegratethelatestknowledgeandconceptsinlighting intotheclassroom.Undoubtedly,CIE’s outputsserveasacriticalresourceand foundationforlightingeducation.

LEDprofessional: Whatapproaches doyouﬁndmosteffectiveforinspiringandengagingstudentsinsucha technicalandspecializedﬁeld?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Itisoftensaid thatpassionisthebestteacher!How canwemotivateandattractstudents intothehighlytechnicalandspecialized ﬁeldoflighting?Iwouldliketoshare someofmyapproaches.Ihavelong beenengagedinteachingarchitectural physicsandlightenvironments.Each year,Icarefullydesigntheassignment topics,ensuringtheyaredistinctfrom previousyears.Iprovidestudentswith LEDchips,guidingthemthroughthe processofwiringtheelectrodes,solderingheatsinks,andﬁnallylightingupthe LEDs.

Usingrecycledmaterials,theyexplore therelationshipbetweenlight,materials,andartisticform.Ourstudentsalso visitlocalfreshmarkets,analyzingdifferentstallssuchasthosesellingmeat, vegetables,ﬁsh,andnoodles,tounderstandthelightingrequirementsforfresh food,includingtheabstractconceptof V(λ),colorrendering,colortemperature, Rg,RfandR9.Lastyear,weconducted adetailedcomparativestudyofthevisualsystemsof20differentanimalsand comparedthemwithhumanvision.

Inanothercourse,’DaylightandArchitecture,’studentsselecticonicbuildingsfromaroundtheworldandsimulatehownaturallightinteractswith speciﬁcspaces.Thisyear,weposed anintriguingquestion:’IfLeCorbusier’s LaChapelledeRonchampwerebuiltin myhometown’,toinspirestudentsfrom differentcitiestoreshapethewindows basedontheirhometown’sgeographical location.Inourlightingdesigncoursework,studentsarerequiredtouselightingsimulationsoftware,suchasDIALux, todesignandcalculatelightingschemes forinteriorspaces.

Weintroduceandanalyzeclassicarchitecturalcasestudiesbymasterarchitects,suchasLouisKahn’sKimbell ArtMuseumandTadaoAndo’sChurch oftheLight,tosparkstudents’curiosityabouthowlightshapesspace.We alsovisitleadinglightingcompanieslike Signifytounderstandintelligentlighting controlsystems,integrativelightingalgorithmdevelopment,andlow-carbon energy-efﬁcientLEDlightingproducts, exposingstudentstocutting-edgetech-

nologies.Additionally,weinvitedesignersorengineerstosharetheirinsights ondesigninnovationandtechnicalchallengesintheclassroom,enhancingstudents’professionalawareness.

Wehavealsoexperimentedwithvirtual realitysimulationsofextremelighting environments,suchasAntarcticbases’ lighting,andspacecraftcabinlighting, overcomingphysicallimitationsand stimulatingstudents’exploratorycuriosity.Forgraduatestudents,weintegrate circadianrhythmresearchintointegrative lightingdiscussions,explorepredictive algorithmsforintelligentlightingsystems, andbroadentheirtechnicalhorizons.InterpretingCIEtechnicalpublicationsto cultivateacademicthinkingskillsisanotherpersistentaspectofourteaching.

Bybreakingdowncomplextechnical contentintotangiblemodules,weeffectivelyovercomedisciplinarybarriers,fosteringstudents’intrinsicmotivationand enablingthemtogaincontinuousfeedbackintheprocessofproblem-solving.

LEDprofessional: Whatrecentadvancementsinlightingtechnology exciteyouthemost,andwhy?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Integrativelighting, circadianrhythmconsiderations,and LEDspectralpowerdistribution(SPD) technologyaremyprimaryareasoffocus.Icontendthatlightingdesignand applicationhaveevolvedfromapurely functionalfocustoadeeperemphasis ontherelationshipbetweenhumansand space,encompassingpsychologicalperceptionsandemotionalexperiences. Itshouldnotonlyconsiderparameters suchasluminanceanduniformitybut alsoexaminetheimpactoflightonhumanphysiology,behaviors,andpsychology.Thespectralpowerdistribution(SPD)ofLEDs,aswellastheircolor temperatureandintensityorbrightness, playacrucialroleinshapingourperceptionofspace.Thesefactorscanmake aspacefeelwarmorcold,relaxingor tense,therebysigniﬁcantlyenhancing ourspatialexperience.Moreover,they canalsoinﬂuencethelevelsofhormones suchasmelatoninanddopamine,which inturncanimprovesleepqualityand emotion.

Healthylightingmimicsnaturallightvariations,suchascooler,highcolortemperaturelightinthemorningtopromote alertnessandwarmerlightintheevening

tofacilitatesleep.Speciﬁcwavelengths canalsobehelpful,suchastheUV spectrumthatiswidelyusedforairpuriﬁcation,watertreatment,andmedical disinfection,etc.

TheoptimizationofLEDspectralpropertiesandintelligentdynamiclightingcan reducenight-timebluelightexposure, creatingahealthylightingenvironment throughouttheday.Meanwhile,wearabledevicesprovidedatasupportfor measuringphysiologicalindicators,enablingreal-timeoptimizationoflighting scenarios.

Inrecentyears,mygraduatestudents andIhaveprimarilyexploredtheapplicationofhealthylightinginspecialized scenarios,suchasregulatingcircadian rhythmsinpolardayornightconditions,improvingsleepandsafenighttimelightingfortheelderly,aidinginthe treatmentofpostpartumdepression,and optimizingthelightenvironmentinhospitalwards.Additionally,tunable-spectrum lightinginmedicalandmentalhealth ﬁeldsenablespersonalizedtherapeutic lightingenvironments.

Ifrequentlyremindmystudentsthat lightandilluminationnotonlyprovide functionallightingforvisualcomfortand trafﬁcsafetybutalsoserveasatoolfor artisticambiance,shapingspaceperceptionthroughlightandcolor.Today, weharnesslightingtopromotehuman healthandwell-being,whichisanexcitingfrontierthatgoesbeyondtraditional illumination.

LEDprofessional: Howdoyoubelievelightingcancontributetosolving globalchallenges,suchasenergyefﬁciencyorclimatechange?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Innovationsin lightingtechnologyplayacrucialrole inaddressingthechallengesofenergy efficiencyandclimatechange.Firstly, thewidelydiscussedLEDrevolution hasgreatlyimprovedenergyefficiency andextendedthelifespanoflightingfixtures,significantlyreducingelectricity consumptionandthefrequencyofreplacements.Secondly,intelligentlighting systems,equippedwithsensors,timers, andphotosensitivetechnologies,can automaticallyadjustbrightnessorswitch offbasedonambientlightlevelsand humanpresence,minimizingunnecessarylighting.Thirdly,integratinglighting withotherenergysystemsthroughthe

InternetofThings(IoT)enhancesoverall buildingenergyefﬁciency.Lastly,renewableenergysources,suchasoff-gridsolarlighting,helpreducerelianceonfossil fuels.Thecombinationofhigh-efﬁciency LEDswithdistributedrenewableenergy sources(e.g.,windandsolarpower)acceleratesthetransitiontocleanenergy.

LEDprofessional: Withtherapidpace ofinnovation,whatroledoyousee forCIEinhelpingprofessionalsand institutionskeeppacewithnewdevelopmentsinlighting?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: TheInternational CommissiononIllumination(CIE)isthe leadinginternationalauthorityintheﬁeld oflightandlightingresearch.Sinceits founding,CIEhasbeendedicatedto advancinglightingscienceandtechnology,includingthedevelopmentof lighting-relatedstandardsandguidelines, aswellasthecontinuousimprovement ofcalibrationandmeasurementtechniquesfornewlightsources.Thecore ofCIE’sresearchisthroughitsResearch Forums.Thetechnicalcommitteesthen writethepublicationsbasedonthemost up-to-dateresearch.Thisensuresthat CIEcontinuouslyadaptstonewtechnologicaladvancementsandapplication needs.

Inadditiontoitsresearchefforts,CIE offerseducationalresourcesandprofessionaltrainingtohelplightingdesigners,engineers,researchers,andother professionalsstayuptodatewiththe latestindustrydevelopments.Through conferences,seminars,tutorials,online courses,andothereducationalinitiatives,CIEdisseminatesthelatestresearchandtechnologicaldevelopments inthelightingﬁeld.CIEisamemberof theInternationalScienceCouncil(ISC), whichaddressesglobalscientiﬁcandsocietalchallenges,promotingscienceasa sharedglobalresource.Additionally,CIE worksextensivelywiththeWorldHealth Organization(WHO)onglobalhealth andwell-beingwithaparticularfocuson photobiologicalsafety,visualhealthlighting,non-visualeffectsoflight,andthe standardizationofhealthylightingpractices.

LEDprofessional: Human-Centric Lightingisanincreasinglypopular topic.Howdoyouthinkeducational programsneedtoadapttoaddress thistrend?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: CIEusesapreferredterm“integrativelighting”todescribethesameconceptastheterm “human-centriclighting”butwithawider focus.Withintegrativelighting,weacknowledgethatlightinﬂuencesour behavior,physiology,health,andwellbeing.Itaffectsourvisualperformance, visualexperienceandvisualcomfort, andhasbothcircadianandacuteeffects.Integrativelightingisaninterdisciplinarysciencethatisfoundeduponthe knowledgeandtechnologiesofvarious disciplines,includingengineering,biology,neuroscience,psychology,and architecture.Educationalprograms onintegrativelightingshouldadopt moreopen,diverse,andinnovativeapproaches.

1. Establishaglobalinterdisciplinaryeducationnetwork,bringingtogether educatorsfromdiverseacademic backgrounds.Thisnetworkwillhelp learnersbuildmultidimensionaland systematicknowledgeframeworks, enablingthemtodevelopacomprehensiveandin-depthunderstanding ofthecomplexmechanismsofintegrativelighting.Itwillprovideastrong scientiﬁcfoundationandtechnical supportfortheirresearchandpracticalapplications.

2. Expandeducationalandknowledge disseminationchannels.Inadditionto traditionallecturesandpublications, CIEeducationwillprovideavariety

ofeducationalchannels,including webinarsandonlinecoursesdeliveredbyCIEexperts.Thesechannels willprovidecomprehensivelearning resourcesandhands-onguidance, allowinglearnerstoaccessthelatest researchﬁndingsandreal-worldcase studiesinintegrativelighting.Thiswill promotethebroaderdissemination ofintegrativelightingtheoriesand knowledge,facilitatingtheintegration ofresearchwithreal-worldapplications.

3. Developspecializedtrainingprogramsfocusedonintegrativelighting. Throughtheseefforts,wecannurture skilledprofessionalsandcontinueto energizethedevelopmentoftheﬁeld ofhumanfactorslightingscience.

4. LeverageAItoolstoexplorenew possibilitiesforintegrativelighting education.CIEeducationistrying toenableeducationalresourcesto overcomebarriersoflanguage,geography,anddiscipline,makingthem accessibletoabroadercommunityof practitionersandenthusiasts.

LEDprofessional: CIEhasastrong internationalpresence.Howdoes yourroleasVPEinvolvefostering collaborationacrossborders?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: CIEeducationwill initiateglobaleducationandtrainingprogramsonkeytopicssuchashealthy lighting(integrativelighting),lightpol-

lutionandsoon.Theseinitiativeswill includeonlinecourses,workshops,and academicexchanges,providingaplatformforrepresentativesandexperts fromvariouscountriestosharetheirinsights,strengtheninginternationalcollaborationandfosteringjointresearch efforts.Itaimstopromoteandsupport transnationalresearchtoaddresscritical issuessuchasethnicdiversityandregionalvariationsinlighting.Weencourageexpertteamsfromdifferentcountriestocollaborateonsolvingcommon challengesinthelightingﬁeld,utilizing diverseperspectivesandexpertise.CIE hasestablishedresource-sharingmechanisms,suchasdatabasesandpublications,ensuringthatexpertsworldwide canaccessandutilizethelatestlighting researchﬁndings.

LEDprofessional: Whatchallengesdo youencounterinsettinginternational standardsforeducationinlighting, andhowdoyouovercomethem?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Lightingcertificationsystemsvarybycountryandregion, offeringtheirowndistincttrainingand examinationprocessesforprofessional qualificationsthatarenotmutuallyrecognized.Asignificantdevelopmentis theEuropeanLightingExpertsAssociation(ELEA),whichhasestablisheda harmonizedEuropeanstandardforlightingeducation,coveringbothindoorand outdoorlighting.Uponpassingthere-

CIECoverningBoard,September2023-2027.

quiredexaminations,candidatescan registerwithELEAasEuropeanLighting Experts(ELE)intheirrespectivefields. Meanwhile,wearealsoexploringthe possibilityofestablishingCIE-certified lightingdesignandprofessionalqualificationstopromoteglobalacceptanceand mutualrecognition.Whilethisconcept holdsgreatpromise,itremainsahighly complexundertakingandiscurrently onlyinitsconceptualphase.

LEDprofessional: Couldyouexplain howCIE’seducationalinitiativescontributetoauniﬁedunderstandingand applicationoflightingstandardsglobally?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: CIEhasestablishedacomprehensivedistributionstrategyforitstechnicalstandardsandpublications.Wheneveranewstandardis published,thecorrespondingTechnicalCommittee(TC)isencouragedto createaninstructionalvideo,whichis thenmadeavailableontheCIE’sofﬁcial websiteforpublicaccess.Additionally, CIEselectskeypublicationsforinclusioninglobaltrainingprograms.Inthis context,Ihadtheopportunitytoassist theChinaIlluminatingEngineeringSocietyinorganizinganonlineworkshopin ChinafocusingonCIES026:System forMetrologyofOpticalRadiationfor ipRGC-InﬂuencedResponsestoLight.

Toincreaseglobalaccessibility,theCIE holdsanannualvotetoselectonepublicationforfreedistributiontoallmembernations.Recognizingtheneedsof non-English-speakingcountries,CIE hasestablishedatranslationpolicythat allowsnationalmemberstoproduce ofﬁcialtranslationsofCIEpublications. Thesetranslationscanbesoldalongside theoriginalEnglisheditions,ensuring broaderaccessibilitytoCIE’stechnical resourcesworldwide.

LEDprofessional: Couldyoutellus aboutadeﬁningmomentorproject inyourcareerthatshapedyourperspectiveoneducationinlighting?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Overadecade ago,aftercompletingthelightingplanninganddesignforthe2010Shanghai WorldExpoinChina,Iwashospitalized duetoheartissuescausedbyoverwork. Duringmyhospitalstay,Iunexpectedly discoveredthatpatientanxietymadeit difﬁculttoperformradiofrequencyablationsurgery.Togetherwithmygraduate

students,Iexploredtheideaofinstalling coloredlightsandmediainterfaceabove theoperatingtabletohelpalleviatepatients’anxietyduringsurgery.Evidencebasedexperimentsconﬁrmedthatthis approachwassigniﬁcantlymoreeffective thanverbalreassurancefromdoctors. Thisdiscoverymademedeeplyawareof theimmensepotentialofhealthylighting innovation.

Sincethen,Ihaveledmyteaminresearchingandapplyinghealthylightinginvariousenvironments,including hospitals,elderlycarefacilities,polarregions,classrooms,andofﬁces,etc.Our workhasreceivedsupportfromnational funds,aswellasawardsfromtheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyandthe MinistryofEducationofChina.Wehave adoptedaproblem-drivenapproach,usingevidence-basedresearchtoenhance sleeprhythms,emotions,andcognitive abilitiesofdifferentgroupsthroughlighting.Thisevidence-basedmethodology hasshapedourresearchmodelinrecent years.Additionally,Ihavebeeninvited tovariousconferencesandforumsto presentthemulti-dimensionalhealtheffectsoflightonvision,physiology,and psychology,introduceourinnovative achievements,andeducatethepublic aboutlightandhealth.Mygoalistofully harnessthetherapeuticbeneﬁtsoflight andcontributetopublichealthandwellbeing.

LEDprofessional: Whatdoyousee asthemostrewardingaspectofyour roleasVPEatCIE?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: AsthenewlyappointedVicePresidentofEducation (VPE)atCIE,apioneeringrolewithin theorganization,Iamatthebeginningof anexcitingjourney.Inmypreviousterm, Iwasresponsibleforpublications,but nowmyfocushaschangedtoleading educationalaffairs.AtrecentCIEquadrennialconferencesandwithinTechnicalCommitteeworkinggroups,I’ve noticedanincreasingtrend:university professorsareseekingCIE-sponsored activitiesandprojectsthatsupportboth theirprofessionaldevelopmentandtheir students’academicgrowth.Thisaligns withCIE’scommitmenttoeducation.

Withthesupportandencouragement ofcurrentthepresident,JenniferVeitch, andformerpresidentPeterBlattner,I havebeguncollaboratingwithmembersoftheStandingPanelonEducation

(SPE)todevelopCIE’seducationalinitiatives.Beyondtraditionaleducational efforts,werecognizetheCIEplatform’s potentialtofacilitateextensiveacademic exchangeandinternationalcooperation. Thisvisionhasledtothecreationofthe CIEGlobalEducationCommunity.

BeingpartoftheCIEleadershipteamis morethanaprofessionalcommitmentit’sauniqueopportunitytobuildaglobal educationalresource-sharingplatform thatpromotescross-culturalcollaborationandexpandsinternationalexchange opportunitiesforeducatorsandstudentsworldwide.Becomingpartofthe CIEmanagementteamandcreatinga platformforsharingglobaleducational resources,fosteringcross-culturaleducationalcollaboration,andofferingmore internationalexchangeopportunitiesto teachersandstudentsgloballyisbotha professionalresponsibilityandacareer aspirationthatIamtrulyproudof.Seeingeducatorsfromdiversebackgrounds cometogethertoadvanceourshared goalsisincrediblyrewarding.

LEDprofessional: Assomeoneatthe forefrontoflightingeducation,how doyoupersonallystayinformedand inspiredinsuchafast-evolvingﬁeld?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: That’sagreat question!Inmyview,teachingisanoble professioncenteredonsharingknowledgeandeducatingstudents.Intoday’s eraofinformationexplosionandtheastonishinglyrapidintegrationofartificial intelligence(AI)intoourlives,constructingapersonalknowledgeframework andcultivatingthehabitofcontinuouslearningarefundamentalqualities foreducators—especiallyinarapidly evolvingfieldlikelightingtechnology.I constantlyremindmyselfthatstaying updatedisasnaturalandessentialas eatinganddrinking.Toachievethis,I keepreviewingacademicliterature,followingindustrynews,exploringthelatestdesigncases,attendingacademic conferences,andengagingindiscussionswithexpertsfromvariousfields. Thisallowsmetostayinformedabout thelatestadvancementsandtrendsin lighting,optics,architecture,design,AI, andmedicine.Maintaininganopenand innovativemindsetiscrucial,asisthe couragetoexperimentwithnewmethodsandtechnologiesinlightingand design.Practicalengineeringprojects oftenprovideinsightsbyaddressingthe diverselightingneedsofdifferentpeople

andspaces,sparkingnewwaysofthinking.Overthepastyears,Ihaveactively exploredinterdisciplinarycollaboration attheintersectionofmedicineandengineering,integratingknowledgeand techniquesfrommultipleﬁelds.Ihave evenexpandedmyscopebeyondthe traditionalﬁeldoflighting.

LEDprofessional: Whatdoyouhope toaccomplishasVPEatCIEinthe comingyears?Arethereanyspeciﬁc goalsormilestonesyouareparticularlypassionateabout?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Asaprofessor engagedinlightingeducation,Ideeply understandtheimportanceoftalent development.Theundergraduateand graduatestudentscurrentlybeingeducated,representthefutureofthelighting industry.Recognizingthis,CIEhasestablishedaStandingPanelonEducation (SPE),dedicatedtoadvancingglobal knowledgeandexpertiseinlightand lightingacrossacademic,professional, andpublicdomains.Byleveraginginternationaljointresearch,publications, andexpertnetworks,ourpanelaimsto facilitateknowledgeexchange,promote inclusiveeducation,andfosterinnovation.Throughdiverseeducationalinitiativesandcollaborativeefforts,thepanel seekstosupportthedevelopmentof lightingprofessionalsatallcareerstages, fromstudentstoexperiencedexperts. Thepanelaimstobuildagloballighting community,advancingtheﬁeldthrough education,collaboration,andtalentdevelopment.

CIE’sEducationaleffortsaredividedinto twokeyareas:academiceducationand professionaleducation.Academiceducationaimstoproviderigorousand scientiﬁcallygroundedtrainingforstudents,researchers,andacademicsin theﬁeldoflightandlighting.

Professionaleducationfocusesonofferingpractical,industry-relevant,and up-to-dateknowledgetoprofessionals, enhancingtheirskillstomeettheevolvingdemandsofthelightingindustry.

Tolaunchtheseinitiatives,SPEhasdevelopedasurveytocollectfeedback fromexperts,scholars,andstudentson CIEeducationalactivities.Weseekinsightsinto:

1. Thetypesofactivitiesandprograms

thatshouldbedevelopedontheCIE platform.

2. HowCIEresourcescanbeleveraged forcontinuingeducation,training,and professionalcertiﬁcation.

3. FuturedirectionsandrecommendationsinalignmentwiththeCIEResearchStrategy2023-2027.

Aftermultiplediscussions,theSPE (StandingPanelonEducation)hasoutlinedthescope,vision,andmissionof bothacademicandprofessionaleducation.Wehaveproposedfeasibleaction plans,includingeducationalinitiatives, early-careerprofessionaldevelopment programs,competitionsandawards.

CIEhousesanextensiverangeofeducationalresources.Asaglobalauthority inlightandlightingresearch,CIEoffersa vastcollectionofpublications,acuttingedgeknowledgebase,andanetwork ofleadinginternationalexperts.TheCIE websitewillsoonlaunchadedicatededucationsection,offeringrelevantcontent andstrategicinitiatives.Ourstrategies includeorganizingstudent-centricactivities,encouraginginterdisciplinaryresearch–especiallyprojectsthatreﬂect culturaldiversity–providingplatformsfor researcherstoﬁndcollaborators.

WealsoactivelyencourageCIENational Committeestoinitiateeducation-related activities,suchasforums,trainingsessions,workshops,apotentialglobal thematicseries,suchasEurope-Asia Dialogue:FromLighttoHuman,internationalstudentcompetitions,sitevisitsto outstandinglightingprojects,andacademicexchangeprograms.

Overthenextfewyears,SPEwillfocus onthefollowingkeyquestions:

1. Howcanoureducationalactivities enhanceCIE’svalueandimpact,particularlyinalignmentwithitsresearch strategy?

2. Howcanadvancementsinlighting educationsupportCIE,itsdivisions, andtechnicalcommittees?

3. WhatresourcesandsupportcanCIE providetoexpandandstrengthen globallightingeducation?

4. Amongourinitialactionplans,which keyactivitiesshouldbeprioritizedto effectivelyadvanceCIE’seducational mission?

SPE’sultimategoalistoenhanceCIE’s globalinﬂuenceandattractmoreschol-

ars,especiallyearly-careerresearchers, tojoinCIE.Weencouragetheiractive involvementinCIEtechnicalcommittees (TCs),ensuringthatstudentsandyoung scholarsgainaccesstocutting-edge knowledgeattheearlystageoftheir careers.Thisparticipationwillposition themaskeycontributorstothedisseminationofCIE’sresearchoutcomes.

Additionally,weadvocatefortechnologicalcollaboration,includingindustryacademia-researchpartnershipstodrive innovation.OurvisionistoestablishCIE asaleadingplatformforlifelonglearning, professionaldevelopment,andknowledgeexchangeinthelightingﬁeld.

Weencouragestudentsfromaroundthe worldtopresenttheirresearchpapers attheCIEconference.We’dalsoliketo informyouthattheCIEMidtermMeeting willbeheldinVienna,Austria,fromJuly 4–11,2025.Additionally,Iwillbehostinganeducationworkshopwherethree renownedexpertswillsharetheirvaluableinsightsandexperiencesinlighting education.I’malsopleasedtoshare informationaboutanothermajorCIE event—the31stQuadrennialSessionof theCIE,whichwilltakeplaceinNanjing, China,in2027.Wewarmlyinviteallof youtojoinusandexperiencetherich cultureofChina!

Ourmottois:FromLearningtoLeading, GrowingwithCIE!

LEDprofessional: Howdoyouseeartiﬁcialintelligenceorotheremerging technologiesinﬂuencingeducation andstandardsinlighting?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Artificialintelligenceintroducesnewtoolsandmethodsforlightingeducation,suchasan AI-drivenvirtualsimulationplatformand aremoteexperimentplatform.Artificial intelligenceenhancesthepersonalization andinteractivityofeducationalmodels, andthisappliestoalldisciplines.Traditionallightingstandardsconsistofstatic metrics,witheveryonefollowingasingleindex.Artificialintelligenceisdriving theevolutionoflightingstandardstowardsdynamicandadaptivemodels, aseachapplicationscenariohasmultipleobjectivesratherthanasingleone. Additionally,individualdifferencesineye physiology,visualcharacteristics,and cognitiveabilitiesofindividualsfurther necessitateanadaptiveapproachto lighting.

LEDprofessional: Ifyoucouldgive onepieceofadvicetostudentsenteringtheﬁeldoflighting,whatwouldit be?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Toyoungprofessionalsembarkingonacareerinthe lightingindustry,myadviceistofocus onestablishingastrongknowledge base,stayingupdatedwiththelatest technologicaldevelopments,fosteringan interdisciplinarymindset,andembracing lifelonglearning.Themostcrucialaspect istodevelopadeepunderstandingof howlightinﬂuenceshumanperception, emotions,andwell-being.Withdedicationandcuriosity,youcanevolveintoa highlyskilledandimpactfulprofessional, makingmeaningfulcontributionstothis ever-evolvingﬁeld.

LEDprofessional: Basedonyourprofessionalexperienceinarchitecture andyourfocusonilluminatedspaces anddesign,whatareyourinsights regardinghumanfactorsandhealth lighting?

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Humanfactors andhealthlightinghavebecomeprominentresearchareasinrecentyears. Overthepastfewyears,myresearch hasprimarilyfocusedon”environmental healingandproactivelight-basedhealth interventions.”Byintegratingmedical andengineeringmethodologiesand conductingevidence-basedexperiments,Ihaveworkedondeveloping intelligenthealthylightingtechnologiesto mitigateenvironmentalstressors.Specifically,myresearchexplorestherapeutic lightingandintelligenthuman-centric healthsupportsystemstailoredtodiverseenvironmentsandpopulations. TheseincludeAntarctichealingcabins, hospitals,homes,andschools,targeting individualsexposedtoextremeday-night conditions,vision-deprivedAntarcticexpeditionmembers,patients,theelderly, postpartumwomen,andchildren.

Anothersignificantaspectofmywork hasbeenthesystematicquantificationof lightpollutioninShanghaianditsimpact onlivability.Ihaveproposedstandardizedparametersandthresholdvaluesfor ecologicallysustainableurbanlighting fortheShanghaiMunicipalGovernment, providingscientificsupportforregulatory updatesandmanagementguidelinesof Shanghaiurbanlighting.

Basedonmynearlytwodecadesof research,design,andengineeringpractice,Ihavepublishedamonographtitled ”LightandHealth.”Overall,inarchitecturaldesign,well-executedintegrative lightingcanenhancespatialefﬁciency andworkplaceproductivity,improve comfortandwell-being,andhaveapositivephysiologicalandpsychological impactonvisual,sleep,andemotional health.

However,healthlightingrequirestheprecisecalibrationoflightingparameters— includingintensity,spectrum,andlight distribution—tailoredtodifferentage groups,regionallightclimatevariations, andtheuniqueneedsofpopulations withspeciﬁchealthconditions.Thisapproachenablesthecreationofﬁnely tunedlightingscenarios.

Keychallengesintheﬁeldincludetrackingindividuallightexposureovertime, advancingwearabledevices,quantifying biologicaleffects,andaddressingethics considerationsinexperientialstudies. Thereisstillprogresstobemadeinintegrativelightingandhealthresearch. Inthefuture,lightingdesignwilllikely evolvebeyondthedomainofdesigners alone.Instead,itwillrequireamultidisciplinaryapproach,integratingexpertise frommedicine,biology,anddata science.

LEDprofessional: Thankyousomuch forthisexclusiveandextensiveinterviewaboutyou,yourprofessionand aboutCIE2.Itwasapleasuretalking withyou.

Prof.Dr.LuoxiHao: Thankyouvery much.Itwasalsoapleasuretalkingwith you. ■ Foradditionalinformation,pleasevisit https://cie.co.at

CIECentralBureau Babenbergerstraße9/9A 1010Vienna

AUSTRIA Phone:+4317143187

CIE’sSecretaryGeneral:Dr.DianaWernischat CIECentralBureauinVienna.

2AdditionalCIEinterviewspublishedin LEDprofessionalReview(LpR)include:Dr.Jennifer Veitch(LpR#103),PeterThorns(LpR#104),andTony Bergen(LpR#105).

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Thelightingworldisabouttoshine brighterthaneverat LightFair2025, thepremiereventunitingtheglobal lightingcommunity.Scheduledto takeplaceintheentertainmentcapital,LasVegas.Thisindustry-defining tradeshowandconferencewillilluminatethelatestinnovations,create unparallelednetworkingopportunities, anddeliveraneducationalprogram thatsetsthestandardforexcellence. Whetheryou’realightingdesigner, architect,specifier,distributor,manufacturer,oranyotherprofessionalin thelightingindustry–LightFair2025is yourmust-attendevent.

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KRISTYMEADE,VICEPRESIDENT,TECHNICAL SHOWS,MESSEFRANKFURTINC.

ExperienceaWorld-Class EducationalProgram

EducationisatthecoreofLightFair2025, curatedbyBrienneWillcock,IESDirectorofEducation&Standards,andateam ofwell-respectedthought-leadersfrom theIESandIALD,thisyear’sconference programissettoexceedallexpectations. Featuringanelitelineupofindustryleaders, educators,andtechnicalexperts,attendeeswillhaveaccesstodeep-divesessions,workshops,andforward-thinking paneldiscussionscoveringallfacetsof lightingtechnology,design,andapplication.Fromsustainabilityandsmartlightingcontrolstohuman-centriclightingand emergingdesigntrends,LightFair2025 willdelivercutting-edgeknowledgetoempowerattendeesintheircareers.

“Ourgoalistoprovideattendeeswiththe mostcomprehensiveandimpactfuleducationalexperienceintheindustry,”says KristyMeade,VicePresident,Technical Shows,MesseFrankfurtInc.“Weare curatingsessionsthatnotonlyaddress currentchallengesbutalsoanticipatethe needsofthefuture.LightFairiswherethe bestmindsinlightingcometogetherto learn,collaborate,andinnovate.”

Theconferencewillbestructuredintospecializedlearningtracks,ensuringthatprofessionalsacrossallsectorscantailortheir experiencetotheiruniqueinterests.Attendeescanexpectaccreditedcourses offeringvaluableCEUsthroughexpert-led presentationsthatbringconceptstolife.

DiscovertheIndustry’s LeadingManufacturers

TheLightFair2025exhibithallwillbeahub ofinnovation,showcasinganimpressive rosteroftoplightingmanufacturers.Atten-

deeswillhavetheopportunitytoexplore groundbreakingproductlaunches,testthe latestinLEDtechnology,andengagedirectlywithrepresentativesfromthemost inﬂuentialbrandsintheindustry.

Frommajorglobalplayerstodynamicupand-comingbrands,theshowﬂoorwillfeaturesolutionsforarchitecturallighting,residentialapplications,commercialspaces, outdoorenvironments,andbeyond.Thisis theplacetoexperienceﬁrsthandthematerials,designs,andtechnologiesdrivingthe futureoflighting.Whetheryou’resourcing foranewproject,comparingsolutions,or seekinginspiration,LightFair2025willprovideaccesstothebesttheindustryhasto offer.

StepIntoImmersive LightingInstallations

PreparetobeamazedbyLightFair2025’s immersivelightinginstallations,designedto showcasecutting-edgeapplicationsinrealworldenvironments.Thesestunningexhibitswillhighlightthelatestadvancements indynamiclighting,colortuning,andinteractiveexperiences.Stepintobreathtaking visualenvironmentsthatdemonstratethe poweroflighttotransformspaces,evoke emotions,andenhancefunctionality.

Eachinstallationwillbeacollaboration betweentopdesigners,lightingmanufacturers,andtechnologyinnovators,creatinganunforgettableexperiencethat bridgesartandtechnology.Attendees willleaveinspiredwithnewideasforintegratingadvancedlightingsolutionsinto theirprojects.Frombiophilicdesignand wellness-focusedilluminationtothelatestdevelopmentsincolorrenderingand sustainability,thisareawillbeacurated showcaseofemergingconcepts.

ExploretheAll-NewTrends Area

LightFair2025introducesTrendsatLightFair,adedicatedspace,expertlycurated byrenownedlightingdesignersSteven RosenandAnneKustner,whereattendees canexplorethemostinﬂuentialmovements guidingthefutureoflightingandbeinspiredtopushtheboundariesofcreativity.

Interactivedisplays,expert-ledtalks,and trend-focusedproductexhibitswillprovide invaluableinsightsforprofessionalslooking tostayaheadofthecurve.Whetheryou’re designingforresidential,commercial,or urbanspaces,theTrendsAreawillserve asanessentialresourceforfuture-forward lightinginspiration.

DiveIntoInnovationatthe TechnologyPavilion

Technologyisattheforefrontofthelighting industry’sevolution,andLightFair2025’s TechnologyPavilionwillputthespotlighton themostadvancedsolutionsavailabletoday.Thisdynamicspacewillfeaturedevelopmentsinsmartlighting,IoTintegrations, AI-drivencontrols,andenergy-efﬁcientsolutions.

Attendeescanengagewithlivedemonstrationsandgethands-onwiththelatest softwareandhardwaredrivingtheindustry forward.Fromintelligentlightingsystems, energymanagementsolutions,orthenext generationofconnectivity,theTechnology Pavilionwillprovideadeepdiveintotheinnovationsoftomorrow’slightinglandscape.

UnleashCreativityatThe Designery

Forthosewholiveandbreathelighting design,TheDesignerywillbeamust-visit destinationwithinLightFair2025.Another stageforexaminingtheimpactoflighting,TheDesignerywillbeaspaceofinspirationandcreativity.Featuringexpert drivendiscussionswithleadingdesignersandpresenters,thisareawillhighlight thechallenges,changes,solutionsand trendsfacingthelightingindustry.Lightingprofessionalswillhavethechanceto discovernewapproachestolayeringlight, integratingsmartcontrols,andharnessing thepoweroflightingtoenhancemoodand functionalityinresidentialandcommercial spaces.Stopbythisstageifyou’relooking toreﬁneyourdesignapproach,seeking successstories,newtechniques,orsimplywanttojoinintheconversation–The Designerywillbeyourgo-todestinationfor creativityandinnovation.

Connect&Celebrateatthe OpeningNightReception

NetworkingtakescenterstageatLightFair 2025,andthere’snobetterwaytokick offtheeventthanthehighlyanticipated OpeningNightReceptionatBrooklynBowl. Thisexclusivegatheringwillbringtogether industryprofessionalsinalively,energetic setting,offeringtheperfectopportunityto buildconnections,exchangeideas,and celebratethelightingcommunity.

Withlivemusic,food,drinksandavibrantatmosphere,theOpeningNightReceptionpromisestobeahighlightofthe

event.Startreconnectingwithcolleagues ormeetingnewindustrycontacts,this eveningofcelebrationwillsetthetonefor anunforgettableLightFairexperience.

LightFair2025:Your Must-AttendLightingEvent

Withitsworld-classeducationalprogram, leadingexhibitors,immersiveinstallations, andexcitingnetworkingevents,LightFair 2025istheultimategatheringforlighting professionals.Thisisyourchancetoengagewiththeindustry’sbrightestminds, exploregroundbreakinginnovations,and gaintheinsightsneededtostayaheadina rapidlyevolvingﬁeld.

Don’tmissyouropportunitytobepartof thelightingeventoftheyear.Markyour calendarforLightFair2025,May4–8,and joinusinLasVegasforanexperiencethat willshapethefutureoflighting. ■

Registertodayandgetreadyto illuminateyourfuture!

toLightingIndustrySuccess

WojtekCieplik,FounderofLightGrowConsultingand PartneratBrandt&Partners

KeyInsights

• Inefficienciescostlightingmanufacturersanestimated$3.5billion annually,oftenundetectedbytraditionalKPIs [1]

• TheEnterpriseHealthProgramuncoversthesehiddeninefficiencies andtransformsthemintocompetitiveadvantages.

• Measureyourgapsnow-scana QRcodeforaquickcallandstart solvinginefficienciestoday.

Thisarticle,tailoredforLEDprofessionalReview’s45,000industryprofessionals,exploreswhyorganizational healthisavitalyetneglecteddriver ofsuccess,howinefficienciessilently erodeinnovationandprofitability,and howtheEnterpriseHealthProgram (EHP)offersanend-to-endsolution thattranscendstraditionalperformancetracking.Drawingonindustryspecificdiagnosticsandproventransformationstrategies,EHPpositions lightingfirmstothriveinaneraofunrelentingchange.

Thelightingindustryisatapivotal juncture,facingrapidtransformationsdrivenbyregulatorypressures, technologicaladvancements,andintensifiedglobalcompetition.From theEuropeanUnion’sstringentSingle LightingRegulation(SLR)totherise ofsmartlightingandIoTintegration, manufacturersareunderunprecedentedpressuretoinnovate,comply andcompete.Yet,amidthisexternal complexity,acriticalinternalfactor oftengoesoverlooked:organizational health.

IndustryContextand Challenges

Thelightingsectorisnavigatinga”perfect storm”ofregulatorytsunamisandsustainabilityimperatives.Keyregulatoryshifts include:

• TheEuropeanUnion’sSingleLighting Regulation(SLR)andEnergyLabelling Regulation(ELR),effectivesinceDecember2019,whichredeﬁneenergy efﬁciencyandlabelingforlightsources.

• TheUSandUK’sproposed125lm/W minimumenergyperformancestandard by2028furtherintensifiesthispressure,prioritizingblue-pumpLEDsforefficiency.Criticswarnthisfocusoverlooks healthcostssuchassleepdisruption andchronicdiseaserisksfrombluerichlightatnight,potentiallysidelining circadian-friendlysolutions,highlighting theneedforregulationsthatintegrate broaderscientificinsightsandinclusive communicationtoaddresstheseemergingimperatives.

• India’smandatorystarlabelingforLED lamps,aligningwithglobalenergyefﬁciencypushes [2]

Theseregulations,alongsidesustainability imperativeslikecirculareconomy,carbonreductionstandards,Ecodesign,andremanufacturing,placeunprecedentedpressureonmanufacturers.Technologicalinnovationisanotherdriver,withLEDadoption -now20yearsmature-smartlighting, andIoTintegrationtransformingtheindustry [3].Yet,challengespersistbeyond efﬁciency:managinglightcontrolsandprotocols,mitigatingﬂicker,optimizingspectra forvision,emotion,andhumancircadian health,andaddressingpost-EOLsustainabilityfurthertestmanufacturers’agility [4] Forinstance,smartlightingsystemswere projectedtosoarinpopularityin2024, enablingremotecontrolandenergyoptimization.Digitaltransformation,AIimpact, andsupplychainpressuresfurthercom-

plicatedthelandscape,withcompetition fromFarEastmanufacturersnowoffering higher-qualityproducts,erodingtraditional costadvantages.

Giventhesetectonicshifts,efﬁciency, agility,andtalentretentionaremorecriticalthanever.PwC’s27thAnnualGlobal CEOSurvey,highlightstheurgency,with 45%of4,700CEOsuncertainabouttheir company’ssurvivaloverthenextdecadeif theyremainontheircurrentpath,and78% convinceddigitaltransformationwillfundamentallyaltervaluecreation [5]

OrganizationalHealth: TheKeytoThrive

www.brandsandpartners.com

Organizationalhealth,definedastheeffectivenessofinternalcommunication,leadershipalignment,andculture,isthebackboneofbusinessresilience,innovation,and growthinanyindustry.Inefficienciessuch astalentturnover(churn),leadershipmisalignment,andsluggishdecision-making cancostmillionsbutoftenremainhidden untilfinancialreportsrevealdamage.For example,manufacturinginefficienciescan leadtoincreasedlaborcostsandwaste, withtheautomotivesectorlosing$22,000

perminuteofdowntime [6].Inlighting, similarissuescanhinderinnovation,hurt margins,andcreaterisks,especiallyunder regulatoryandtechnologicalpressures.

Publiclyavailablestatisticsrevealthat 67%oflightingcompaniesmisscritical efficiency,withmanufacturerslosingan estimated$3.5billionannuallyduetoinefficientprocesses,topperformersachieving upto35%moreefficiency,anda5%efficiencyboostpotentiallysavingmillions [7].TraditionalKPIsshowoutcomes,not causes,leavingfirmsblindtoinefficiencies untilit’stoolate.Organizationsfixatedon short-termresultsoftenprioritizeimmediate cost-cuttingoverinvestmentsinprocess optimizationandinfrastructure,perpetuatinginefficienciesanddegradinginternal communication,whichfostersconfusion andweakenscohesion.Companiesmust turntodeeperdiagnosticsandtransformationtouncoverthesehiddeninefficiencies andturnthemintoperformancedrivers. Thesechallengesplayoutinwaysmany recognize—here’swhereanewsolution stepsin.

Efﬁciencyisn’tjustaboutﬁnancialsoroperations -it’saboutpeople.

UseCases:Where ChallengesMeetSolutions

Commoninefﬁciencieshidebehindeverydayscenarios.Anewprogram,the EnterpriseHealthProgram,canstepinto addressthem:

• Meetingtargetsbutstuck? A500employeelightingmanufacturercan uncovercommunicationandworkﬂow gaps,boostingefﬁciencybyupto10%.

• KPIsdropping,causeunclear? Atech ﬁrmwithrisingturnovercanrevealdisengagement,restoringperformance throughbetteralignment.

• EvaluatinganM&Aproject? Aprivate equityﬁrmcanidentifypost-mergerrisks andleadershipgaps,sharpeningits strategy.

• Strugglingpost-merger? Alargelighting componententerprisecaneasefriction andsilos,speedingintegration.

• Facingaleadershipshift? Amid-sized ﬁrmcanstabilizeoperationsduringa CEOchangewithpracticalsupportof suchteamassessments,talentoptimizationthroughpsychometricanalysis.

Theseexamplesﬂaggapstraditionaltools miss-agapthisprogramisdesignedto close.

CurrentDiagnosticsand TheirLimitations

Companiesoftenturntofamiliarmethods tomeasureefﬁciency,buteachfallsshort:

• Employeesatisfactionsurveys:These canoverestimateengagement,especiallyifruninternally-employeesmay notanswerhonestly.HR-designedsurveysoftenskewpositive,maskingtrue issueslikepoormotivationormisaligned roles

• Keyperformanceindicators(KPIs):Metricslikecostsorconversionratesshow symptoms,notcauses.Lowleadconversionmightstemfromajobmisfitor lackofpurpose-likeplacingahighenergyFMCGsalesrepinaspecifier salesrole,wheresuccessdependson education,brandlobbyingandlongtermrelationship-buildingratherthan rapidtransactionsandnegotiations. Risingrecruitmentcostscouldsignal slow,overcomplicatedprocessesdrivingcandidatedrop-offs,notjusthiring challenges.Cashflowhiccupsmight reflectmisalignedpriorities(‘areweaftermarginsorrevenue?’),notjustlate payments.Theseblindspotsdemanda deeperlook.

• LeanandSixSigma:Theseoptimize processesbutfailtoaddressorganizationalself-deception,talentengagement,orcross-functionalcollaboration, missingbroaderculturalandleadership challenges.Theyfocusonoperational efﬁciencywithoutconsideringpeopleor mindsets.

• Leadershipreviews:Usefulforindividual

critiques,theyskipsystemicﬂaws,leavingbroaderinefﬁcienciesuntouched.

Thesetools,thoughvaluable,can’tkeep pacewiththelightingindustry’srapidshifts -agility,innovation,andresilientteams needmore.Theyoverlookhiddendrags likelowmotivationorstrategicblindspots, gapsanewapproachliketheEnterprise HealthProgramisbuilttoclose.

IntroducingtheEnterprise HealthProgram

TheEnterpriseHealthProgramisnot genericconsulting;it’satailored,industryspeciﬁcsolutionforlightingﬁrms,focusing onbothdiagnosisandtransformation.It standsapartfromtraditionalmethodsby:

• Beingdata-drivenyethuman-centric, balancingquantitativeanalysiswithqualitativeinsights.

• Goingbeyondmeasurementtoactionablechange.

• Targetingsectorchallengeslikeregulations,techshifts,andcompetition.

Backedbypsychologicalresearchvalidatedonasampleof1,600respondents andregisteredasanEUinnovation,theEnterpriseHealthProgramensurescredibility andeffectiveness [8].Ittargetsmid-sized organizations(200-5,000employees),uncoveringinefﬁcienciesthatdrainvalue.

Theprogrambeginswithastructuredengagementprocess,invitingﬁrmstoexplore theirefﬁciencygapsthroughaccessible, complimentarysteps,includingtheselfassessmentEnterpriseHealthSurvey, beforecommittingtoitscorediagnostic andtransformationphases,asoutlinedin Table 1

Theinitialthreesteps-offeredatnocost -laythegroundworkfortheEnterprise HealthAudit(EHA)andEnterpriseHealth Transformation(EHT),ensuringacustomizedapproachfromtheoutset.

ComponentsoftheEnterprise HealthProgram: EnterpriseHealthAudit

TheEnterpriseHealthProgram’sdiagnostic core,theEnterpriseHealthAudit(EHA),examinesorganizationalhealthacrosssixkey performanceareaswithscientiﬁcprecision:

1. GreatnessDiagnosis:

• Itexamineshowwelltheorganization operatesinlinewithhigh-performing companies,basedoninternational research.Itcomparesthecompany against36areasacrossindividual potential,teamwork,andorganizationalimpact,identifyingdeviations asopportunitiesforimprovement.

• TheGreatnessDiagnosisassesses anorganization’sabilitytoexecuteits strategyeffectively.Itevaluatesthe clarityandalignmentofstrategicobjectives,therobustnessofKPIsand supportingprocesses,andtheorganization’scapacitytotranslatevision intoaction.Additionally,itmeasures howwellemployeesunderstandand engagewiththestrategy,ensuringalignmentacrossalllevelsofthe company.

• Only10-15%ofcompaniesachieve andmaintainenterprisegreatnessat 80%orhigher,makingthisdiagnosis criticalforidentifyingandclosingthe gaptoexcellence.

• Forlightingcompanies,thiscould assesshowwellacompanyaligns withbestpracticesinLEDinnovation orsmartlightingadoption,ensuring itgrowsuptofourtimesfasterby approachingexcellence.

2. Engagement&RetentionDiagnosis:

• Goesbeyondtraditionalsatisfaction surveysbyanalyzingbothintrinsic andextrinsicmotivatorsthatdrive employeecommitment,performance, andretention [9]

• Intrinsicmotivators(basedonThomas’ researchonworkengagement)includemeaningfulness(commitment topurpose),choice(freedominactions),competence(skillalignment), andprogress(goalachievement).

• Extrinsicmotivators(perGallup’s globalengagementresearchin140 countries)includematerialfactors (workenvironment,remuneration, developmentopportunities)and non-materialfactors(leadershipinspiration,teamdynamics,company culture) [10]

• TheEHAassessesleadershipimpact,organizationalculture,and motivationgapsacrossdifferentlevels,generations,andtenuregroups. Thesegapsoftenmanifestasincreasedovertime,turnover(churn) andabsenteeism-drainingproﬁts andweakeningcompetitivestrength.

• Forlightingﬁrms,maintainingahighly engagedworkforceiscriticalfordrivinginnovationunderregulatorypressuresandAI/digitaldisruption.

3. HumanNegativeSelf-InterestDiagnosis (OrganizationalSelf-Deception):

• Addressesalittle-knownproblem whereself-deceptiondistortsreality, becomingabarriertoperformance. Itassessesattitudesandmindsets, asbehaviorsdetermineresults,and mindsetdeterminesbehavior,based ondecadesofhumanresearch.

• Identiﬁeswastednegativeenergy spentonblame,internalconﬂicts, andlackofaccountability,asking howthiscanberedirectedtoachieve organizationalgoals.Forlighting companies,thiscouldrevealoverestimationsininnovationreadiness, impactingstrategicdecisionslike smartlightinginvestments.

EnterpriseHealthProgram(EHP)targetsmid-sizedlightingcompanies(200-5,000employees). Itscore,theEnterpriseHealthAudit(EHA),takes4-6weeks.

4. PsychosocialMeasurement(ESGRecommendation):

• Basedonrecommendationsfrom theInternationalLabourOrganization (ILO)andEU-OSHA,thisassesses workplaceriskslikestress,workload, andorganizationalculture,linkingto ESG(Environmental,Social,Governance)forsustainability [11,12]

• Coversworkenvironment,workload, autonomy,managementsupport, workplacerelations,andstresscopingstrategies,ensuringcompliance withlegalrequirementsforannualrisk assessments.

• Companieswithstronglyaligned culturesachieve25-35%higherproductivity,agaptheProgramhelps closethroughtargetedinterventions. Forlightingﬁrms,italignsculturewith sustainabilitygoalslikecirculareconomy,enhancingmarketpositions.

5. TimeManagementDiagnosis:

• Analyzeseffectivenessalongfour components:goals(speciﬁcity,communication),priorities(alignment acrosslevels),timemanagement conditions(tools,processes),and ”timerobbers”(decision-making, deadlines,cooperation).

• Optimizesworkflows,minimizes waste,preventsstress,andenables quickresponsestomarketchanges, crucialforlightingfirmsfacingrapid technologicalshifts.Forexample,efficienttimemanagementcanreduce productiondelaysinLEDmanufacturing.

6. OrganizationalSurvey(Customizable Diagnostics):

• Tailoredtoclientpriorities,thisallows fordeepdivesintospeciﬁcareas, ensuringrelevancetolightingsector challengese.g.adaptingtosmart buildingrequirementsorregulatory compliance.Itleveragesrespondent subjectivityforpreciseconclusions, enhancinginterventioneffectiveness.

TheEnterpriseHealthAuditfollowsastructuredprocesswithdeﬁnedphases,as shownin Table 2:

TheAuditisconductedthroughananonymouspsychometricsurvey-afocused questionnairethattakesapproximately20 minutesforanindividualtocomplete.This ensurescandid,actionableinsightswhile respectingemployeeprivacy.

TheAudit’sadvanceddatadrill-downcapabilitiesallowforanalysisbyunitandtime, enablingfirmstopinpointinefficiencies withprecision.High-resolutionreporting segmentsinsightsbyorganizationallevel, businessunit,generation,servicelength andgender,ensuringtailoredinterventions. Validatedonarepresentativesampleof 1,600people,EHAmeetsrigorousreliabilitystandards,makingerroneousresults virtuallyimpossible.Benchmarkingagainst group,industry,andterritorialdatafurther sharpensstrategicdecision-making.Multilingualsupportaccommodatesforeign legalentities,andexecutionisflexiblevia phone,laptop,paper-based,orcorporate terminal.TheEnterpriseHealthAuditadherestoGDPRstandardswithadvanced encryptionfordataanalysisandstorage, andtransparentpracticesfordatausage andcommunication,ensuringorganizationaldataprotection.

Themosttransformativeinsightscome fromunexpectedconnections–usuallynot justfromonedataset,butacrossmultiple,seeminglyunrelatedsources.EHA’s strengthliesinsynthesizingdatafromsix areastorevealhiddenissuestraditional toolsoverlook.

TheEnterpriseHealthAudit’scomprehensiveapproachcanaddressunderlying issuesaffectingkeyperformancemetrics acrossdepartments,asshownin Table 3

ComponentsoftheProgram:

EnterpriseHealthTransformation

TheEnterpriseHealthTransformationisa 3-12-monthcollaboration.ImmediatelyaftercompletingtheEnterpriseHealthAudit, thecustomerbeginstransformingperformanceareasidentiﬁedas’red’(critical) or’yellow’(problematic).Itdeploystargetedmeasuresthatfocuspreciselyon themostcriticalneeds.TheTransformationcanbeaconcisephase,offeringa strategicroadmapandimplementation supportfor2-3keyperformanceareas, oritcanprovidecomprehensivestrategic executionsupport,addressingallcritical andproblematicareasthroughfocused coaching,mentoring,andstrategicworkshops.Moreover,forlightingﬁrms,itmay includetailoredservicessuchasanIoT

Calibration Scope:size,sample,units,levels,all6or selectedperformanceareas Headof HR,CEO 1day

Execution Distributingsecuresurveys(emailor paper) Workforce 2-4weeks

Evaluation Detailedreportsbydepartmentsand levels(furtherdrill-downpossible)

Reporting Presentationoftailoredresults CEO 1day

Table2: TheEnterpriseHealthAudidfollowsastructuredprocesswithdeﬁnedphases.

Department Metric

Finance Returnon Investment(ROI)

Sales LeadConversion Rate

Marketing Returnon Marketing Investment (ROMI)

Logistics On-TimeDelivery Rate

Quality Customer SatisfactionScore

EHA

HumanNegativeSelf-InterestDiagnosiscould identifydecision-makingbiasesaffecting investmentchoices

Engagement&RetentionDiagnosismightuncover motivationissuesimpactingsalesperformance

GreatnessDiagnosiscouldidentifymisalignment betweenmarketingstrategiesandorganizational goals

HumanNegativeSelf-InterestDiagnosismight revealcommunicationbarriersaffectingtimely deliveries

Engagement&RetentionDiagnosismightreveal employeesatisfactionissuesaffectingproduct quality

Table3: TheEnterpriseHealthAudit’scomprehensiveapproachcanaddressunderlyingissuesaffecting keyperformancemetricsacrossdepartments.

andsmarttechnologyassessmentandintegrationplan,anevaluationofsalesand speciﬁcationchannels,orsupportforprocurement,qualityoptimizationorsupply chainresiliencedrawnfromBrandt&Partners’cross-industrialexpertise.

TheEnterpriseHealthTransformationistailoredforlightingcompanies,reﬂectingtheir fastproductcycles,supplychaincomplexity,andengineering-drivencultures.Itskey measuresinclude:

• Roadmaps,actionplansand regularsupport:Monthlystatuschecks forD-levelleadersensurethatprogress staysoncoursewithreal-timeadjustments,whilequarterlymentoringsessionsforC-levelexecutivesreﬁnestrategicdirectione.g.,prioritizingIoTintegrationorregulatorycompliance-tosustain long-termimpact.

• Strategicworkshops:Theseprovide strategicalignmentforC-andD-level leadersanddeliversupportfordepartmentheadsusingdetailedEnterprise HealthAuditreports.

• Leadershipcoaching:Offeredintwo modes’EnhancePerformance’or’First 100Days’,thecoachingempowers executivestodiscovertheirauthentic leadershipstyle,alignwithorganizational

goals,andleadwithimpactinafastevolvinglightingsector.

• Team&individualassessments:These involvedeepdivesintocriticaldepartments.

• Talentoptimization&job-ﬁt assessment:Thisincludespsychometric analysisofaperson’sthinking,behavior patterns,andinterests.Thein-depth evaluationofindividualsaddsarobust layerofdata-drivenanalysistocritical performanceareas.Itcanbeconducted forleadersofallhierarchiesorextended totheirteams.

• 12-Monthreporting&benchmarking: ThisrepeatstheEnterpriseHealthAudit totrackprogressandcompareagainst industrypeers,incorporatingadditional geographicalandsector-speciﬁcdeep dives.

TheEnterpriseHealthTransformationis scalableandmodular,beginningwithhighimpactimprovementsandadvancingto long-termtransformation,ensuringgrowth, resilience,andsustainedefficiencygains. Clientsselectfromthesemeasuresbased ontheirEnterpriseHealthAuditfindings andstrategicpriorities,tailoringthescope totheirspecificneeds-whetherafocused interventionorafullstrategicoverhaul.

CaseStudies: PrograminAction

TheEnterpriseHealthProgramdelivers tangibleresultsbyuncoveringhiddeninefficienciesanddrivingtransformationacross lightingfirms.Thefollowingcasestudies -LuminaCorp,BrightWaveTechnologies, andIlluminaSystems-arefictionalaliases representingreal-worldapplicationsofthe EnterpriseHealthProgram.Duetonondisclosureagreements(NDAs)andconfidentialityrequirements,specificcompany namesandlocationsarewithheld,butthe financialandoperationalimpactsaredrawn fromactualimplementationsinthelighting industry.Belowarethreeexamplesillustratingitsimpact.

LuminaCorp:BoostingEfﬁciency andEngagement

LuminaCorp,amid-sizedlightingmanufacturerwith1,000employees,faced stagnantgrowthandhighturnover.The Program’sEnterpriseHealthAuditrevealed lowintrinsicmotivationthroughthe Engagement&RetentionDiagnosis andorganizationalself-deceptionviathe Human NegativeSelf-InterestDiagnosis,withleadershipoverestimatinginnovationcapabilities.TheEnterpriseHealthTransformationimplementedleadershipworkshops, engagementprograms,andprocessoptimizations.Resultsincluded:

• 20%reductioninemployeeturnover, saving€1.5Mannuallyinreplacement costs(€50,000perrolereplaced).

• 10%improvementinoperationalefficiency,streamliningworkflowsand boostingprofitability.

• 15%increaseinnewproductdevelopment,enablingfastermarketentryfor smartlightingsolutionsbyaligningleadershipprioritiesandspeedingdecisionmakingby30%.

ThiscasehighlightshowtheEnterprise HealthProgramturnsinefﬁcienciesintoenginesforgrowth,enhancingbothﬁnancial andoperationalperformance.

BrightWaveTechnologies:MaximizingProductivityandCompliance

BrightWaveTechnologies,a500-employee LEDcomponentmanufactureroperating acrossregions,struggledwithmiscommunicationandregulatorypressures.The EnterpriseHealthAudit’s TimeManagementDiagnosis pinpointedtimelostto poorcross-departmentcoordination,while the HumanNegativeSelf-InterestDiagnosis revealeddeepercollaborationinefﬁciencies andthe PsychosocialAssessment uncoveredworkplaceconditionshinderingESG

compliance.TheTransformation’sC-level workshopsandtalentoptimizationdelivered:

• 20%reductioninproductiondelaysby streamliningcommunication,saving weeksintimelines.

• 10%increaseinemployeeproductivity, adding€2.5Mannuallyinvaluethrough improvedengagement.

• ESGcomplianceenhancement,reducingregulatoryrisksandavoidingﬁnesup to€0.5Mannually.

BrightWave’sturnarounddemonstrates theEnterpriseHealthProgram’sabilityto addressoperationalbottlenecksandalign withsustainabilityimperatives,criticalin today’slightingindustry.

EnterpriseHealthTransformation(EHT)isa3-12 monthcollaborationanddealswithcriticalareas determinedduringtheAudit.

IlluminaSystems:DrivingEfficiencyandLeadershipAlignment IlluminaSystems,a1,900-employeelightingmanufacturer,appearedsuccessfulbut harboredhiddeninefficiencies.TheAudit’s TimeManagementandGreatnessDiagnoses revealedprocessinefficienciesand leadershipmisalignmentaffectingworkflows.TheTransformation’sleadership coachingandstrategicworkshopsdelivered:

• 14%savingsinannualworkinghours, equivalentto3.5millionhoursor€7Min costsavings,bystreamliningoperations.

• 30%fasterdecision-making,saving €0.5M+annuallyinopportunitycostsby aligningleadershipstrategiesforquicker projectdelivery.

• Improvedcross-departmentcollaboration,reinforcingoperationalagility inacompetitivemarket.IlluminaSystemsshowcaseshowtheProgram uncoversinefﬁciencieseveninhigh-

performingﬁrms,translatingdiagnostics intomultimillion-eurosavings.

TheseexamplesillustratetheEnterprise HealthProgram’spowertodiagnoseroot causes-whethermiscommunication,disengagement,ormisalignment-andtransformthemintomeasurablefinancialand operationalgains,tailoredtothelightingindustry’suniquechallenges.Byuncovering hiddeninefficiencies,EHPequipsorganizationstobalanceshort-termdemandswith long-termgoals,fosteringefficiencyand resilience.Asdisruptionacceleratesinthe industry,suchdiagnosticsbecomeincreasinglycritical.

FutureRelevanceand IndustryImpact

Asthelightingindustryevolves-withsmart lighting,shiftinglegislation,AI,andIoT raisingenvironmentalcomplexity-internalorganizationalagilitybecomescritical. Bystreamliningworkﬂows,breakingdepartmentalsilos,boostingengagement, andcurbingwastedenergy,theEnterprise HealthProgramindirectlyequipscompaniesto:

• Fosterinnovation insmartbuildingand smartcityapplications,wherelightingintegrateswithIoTforindoorandoutdoor solutions.

• Ensureworkforcealignment withtechnologicalshifts,enhancingresponsiveness tomarketdemands.TheProgramsupportsthisindirectlybyaligningleadership andteamswithorganizationalgoalsenablingvisionaryleadershiptoemerge, enhancinginternaltalentimpactthrough skillslikeanalysis,creativity,andthe adaptabilityofexperiencedprofessionals over50,andfosteringacultureofcontinuouslearningtomatchinnovations likeAIandIoT-buildingagilityandresilienceinasustainability-drivenmarket.

• Optimizeprocesses toadaptswiftly, supportingsustainabilitygoalslikecirculareconomyandEcodesignasanatural outcome.Enhancedefﬁciencycould saveupto$3.6billionannuallyinenergy coststhroughbetterlightingpractices, asindustryestimatessuggest,buildingontheEnterpriseHealthProgram’s operationalimprovements-likethe€7 millioninsavingsfromrecentcases.

Adjacentindustrieslikeelectronics,automotive,andclean-techhaveestablished methodsforoptimizingefficiency.Forexample,electronicsfirmsleveragetechnologyintegration,suchasreal-timeanalyticsforsupplychainefficiency,andagile methodologieslikesprintvelocityforinno-

vationcycles,whileautomotivecompanies useleanmanufacturingtechniques,includingSixSigmafordefectreduction, tominimizewaste.ThroughtheEnterpriseHealthProgram,lightingfirmscan adaptandimplementthesebestpractices moreeffectivelybyfirstaligningtheirinternalstructures,culture,andprocessesensuringthattheadoptionofsuchmethodsisseamlessandmaximallybeneficial, positioningthemasself-aware,changeresilient,andfuture-proof.

Inanindustrywheresmartlighting,regulatorypressuresandtechnologicaldisruption arerewritingtherules,waitingforinefﬁcienciestohitthebottomlineisnolonger anoption.Thelightingsectorcan’tafford toleansolelyontraditionalmetricslikeﬁnancialKPIsorprocessualframeworkslike SixSigma-theymissthehiddencracksin culture,process,andexecutionthatderail progress.

TheEnterpriseHealthProgramchanges thegame.ThroughtheProgram’score component-EnterpriseHealthAuditituncoversandmeasuresinefficiencies beforetheyspiralintocostlysetbacks. ThroughitsstructuredEnterpriseHealth Transformation,itdeliversmeasurable improvements-fasterinnovationcycles, leaneroperationsandaworkforcealigned forsuccess.Thisisn’tjustatool;it’sanew standardforstayingaheadinafiercely competitivelandscape.Leaderswhoadopt EHPtodaywillbuildorganizationsthat don’tjustsurvivedisruption-theydriveit. Thosewhowaitwillscrambletocatchup. Leadersmustdecidewhethertoaddress inefficienciesnoworriskfallingbehindina rapidlyevolvingindustry.

NextSteps

Organizationalhealthdriveslightingindustrysuccess.EnterpriseHealthProgram’s tailoreddiagnosticsandtransformations unlockmillionsinsavingsandoperational gains.ReadytoexplorehowtheEnterprise HealthProgramcantransformyourcompany?Startwitha30-minutePre-Survey Intervieworconnectdirectly. ■

WojtekCieplik isaseasonedexecutive searchandmanagementconsultantwith over20yearsofexperienceinthelighting industry.Hiscareerspansthefullvalue chain-frompolymerchemistryforLED secondaryopticstoadvancedoptical solutions,semiconductorcomponents (L1-L3LEDsandsensors),andlighting ﬁxturemanufacturing-givinghimarare, 360-degreeperspectiveontheindustry’s needs,challenges,andopportunities.

WojtekhasheldkeyrolesacrossSilicon Valleystartups,Europeanmid-sizedenterprises,andglobalcorporations,honing hisoperationalacumen,culturalsensitivity, andabilitytonavigatecomplexorganizationallandscapes.Thisexpertiseshapes theEnterpriseHealthProgramtotackle inefﬁcienciesandboostperformancein lightingﬁrms.

Beyondtechnicalexpertise,Wojtekrecognizesthatstrongleadershipisthebedrock ofgreatorganizations.AlongsidetheEnterpriseHealthProgram,hisExecutive Searchserviceshelplightingandsemiconductorcompaniesﬁndleaderswhoalign withstrategicgoalsandvalues,adaptto digitalenablementandsustainabilityimperatives,andblendtechnicalexpertisewith leadershipacumen.Hisstraightforward, honestapproachensurestheseleaders meetimmediateroledemandswhilefueling long-termgrowth.

WojtekCieplikisanindependentconsultant,founderofLightGrowConsulting,and aPartneratBrandt&Partners,aninternationalnetworkspecializinginExecutive Search,industry-speciﬁcBusinessConsulting,andTalentDevelopment.WithB&P partners,hetapscross-industrialexpertise -fromproductionorqualityoptimizationto supplychainresilience-totailorsolutions forlightingandsemiconductorclients.

wojtek.cieplik@brandtpartners.com

References

[1] “EnhancingManufacturingEfﬁciencyIdentifyingKey Inefﬁcienciesanalysis”, https://www.thepowerscom pany.com/resources/manufacturing-inefficiencies/ [2] “Top10LightingIndustryTrendsinnovativeinsights for2024”, https://www.startus-insights.com/innovato rs-guide/lighting-industry-trends/

[3] “EmergingTrendsandTechnologiesinLighting Industryanalysis”, https://www.wagonway.com/eme rging-trends-and-technologies-in-the-lighting-industr y/

[4] “2025LightingTrendsInnovationsandAdvancementsinLEDLights”, https://hitlights.com/blogs/pr emium-led-strip-lighting/2025-lighting-trends-innovat ions-and-advancements-of-led-lights-hitlights

[5] “27thAnnualGlobalCEOSurvey”, https://www.pw c.com/gx/en/ceo-agenda/ceo-survey.html

[6] IndustrialLEDLightingEnergyCostReduction Strategies: https://www.oboolo.com/science-technol ogy/electronics/case-study/technology-increase-org anizational-efficiency-84425.html

[7] “EnhancingManufacturingEfﬁciencyIdentifyingKey Inefﬁcienciesanalysis”, https://www.thepowerscom pany.com/resources/manufacturing-inefficiencies/

[8] “ProtectedasaregisteredEUInnovationwiththe Datasure’sCertiﬁcateofAnteriorityNo.8010.”

[9] ThomasResearch“ResearchonWorkEngagement”;Thomas,K.W.(2009).“TheFourIntrinsic RewardsthatDriveEmployeeEngagement”.

[10] Gallup“StateoftheGlobalWorkplace:2023 Report”, https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/ state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx

[11] “WorkplaceStress:ACollectiveChallenge”, https: //www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-wor k/resources-library/publications/WCMS_466547/lang --en/index.htm

[12] “PsychosocialRisksandStressatWork”, https: //osha.europa.eu/en/themes/psychosocial-risks-and -stress

Near-InfraredLightandHuman Health:ExploringtheScientiﬁc

FoundationsandPractical Applications

AyhanSiriner1,2 –CEO,Dr.AnneBerends–Co-founder&CTO, andAleksandraGoncharova–Marketing&CommunicationOfﬁcer SunLED|sunled.health

SunLEDstudiesthehealtheffectsof near-infraredlighttogetherwithworldclassuniversitiessuchasRijksuniversiteitGroningen,MaastrichtUniversity andUniversityofMiami.SunLEDhas co-authoredtwopapersandregistered sevenpatentsaroundtheintegration andusageofnear-infraredlightineverydayenvironments.

SunLEDLifeScienceofferstheirhealthy lighttechnologyinthelicensingprogram forcompaniestointegratenear-infrared intoeverydaydevices.Thatwouldensure easyaccesstohealthylightforeveryone whoisinneed.Astheimportantpartof integrationaretheLEDcomponents,SunLEDestablishedtheQualiﬁedSupplier Programfortheirlicensestoenablethe purchaseofhighqualitycomponentsto makethetechnologyintegrationsmooth. RecentlySunLEDsignedagreementswith theleadingsemiconductormanufacturers tojointheQualiﬁedSupplierProgram:ams OSRAM,LumiledsandLuminus.

• amsOSRAM,agloballeaderinintelligentsensorsandemitterswithmore than100yearsofindustryexperience, createsexcitinginnovationsthatenable itscustomersintheautomotive,industrial,medicalandconsumerelectronics marketstomaintaintheircompetitive edgeanddriveinnovation.

• Lumiledshas50+yearsofleadership inLEDinnovationandconsistentlysets standardsinbothperformanceandreliabilitywithitsexceptionallightingsolutions.

1 SunLED,MatrixVIIInnovationCenter, SciencePark106-Room3.16, 1098XGAmsterdam, TheNetherlands

3 a.siriner@sunled.health https://sunled.health

• Luminushasspentthepasttwodecades solvingthelightingcommunity’sbiggest challenges,includingimprovingenergy efﬁciency,lightoutput,thequalityof light,andlongevityofitsproducts.

Near-infraredlightisalreadyknowntothe lightingindustry,butnotsomuchforits healthyqualities.SunLEDseesitspurposeincreatingawarenessaboutthe healthbeneﬁtsofsunlightanditsvitalnearinfraredpart.SunLEDparticipatedinCES

2025asapartofDutchdelegationandhas beencalled“thecoolestDutchstart-up” bythepress.SunLEDwillalsojoinMWCin BarcelonaandIFAinBerlintoattractattentiontotheproblemofmissingsunlightand tohowtheycansolvethatproblem.

TheHiddenCostofIndoor Living:SunlightDeﬁciency

Humansevolvedovercenturiesunderthe sun,yetmodernlifehasconﬁnedusindoors.Homesandofﬁcesprovidesuch comfortableconditionsthatwenowspend approximately90%ofouractivehours inside.However,asweembraceindoor living,wearebeginningtorealizeacritical downside:alackofsunlighthasaserious negativeimpactonourhealth.

TheMentalHealthCrisis andtheRoleofSunlight

Recentstudiesconfirmastronglinkbetweendaylightandoverallwell-being,highlightingthesignificantimpactofnatural lightonmentalhealth.Scientificresearch increasinglyshowsthatexposuretonatural daylightplaysacrucialroleinmoodregulation,boostingsleepquality,andreducing theriskofanxietyanddepressivedisorders.Prolongedperiodswithoutsufficient sunlight—especiallyduringthedarkwinter months—canleadtoseasonalaffective disorder(SAD),aconditioncharacterized bypersistentfatigue,lackofmotivation, andlowmood.Anotablestudyonoperatingroomnurses—whoworklongshifts

underartificiallighting—demonstratedthe profoundeffectsoflimitedsunexposure. Nurseswithminimalaccesstonaturallight reportedsignificantlypoorermentalhealth comparedtothosewithgreaterdaylight exposure.Thefindingssuggestthateven smallincreasesinsunlightexposurecan leadtomeasurableimprovementsinmood andoverallmentalresilience.

SunlightintheWorkplace

Theimplicationsofsunlightexposureextendtothecorporateworld.Employees whospendlonghoursindoors,oftenunderinadequatelighting,mayexperience reducedcognitivefunction,lowerenergy levels,anddecreasedproductivity.Studies showthatnaturallightenhancesmood, attention,cognitiveperformance,sleep quality,andphysicalactivity—allcrucial elementsforoptimalworkplaceperformance.

Forward-thinkingcompaniesareincreasinglyrecognizingthebenefitsofinvesting inemployeewell-being,withsubstantial financialreturns.Dataindicatesthatorganizationsprioritizingworkplacewellness enjoysignificantadvantages:

• Healthieremployeestendtostaylonger, reducingcostlyturnover.

• Improvedemployeewell-beinggeneratesﬁnancialreturnsequalto17–55%of annualsalary.

• Thelargestgains(54–77%)comefrom enhancedperformanceandfeweremployeesworkingwhileunwell.

SunlightMattersMoreThan YouCanImagine

Whileitsimpactonmentalhealthiswidely acknowledged,theroleofsunlightinphysicalwell-beingisjustascrucial.Research linksinsufﬁcientdaylightexposuretoan increasedriskofcardiovasculardisease— oneoftheleadingcausesofmortality worldwide.Inadequatesunlighthasalso beenassociatedwithahigherlikelihoodof developingautoimmunediseases,asnaturallighthelpsregulateimmunefunction.

WhoisatRiskofSunlight Deﬁciency?

Theshortanswerwouldbe–almosteveryoneindevelopedcountries.Divingdeeper intothetopicwecanhighlightsomecategoriesthataremostlikelyseverelydeprive themselvesfromsunlight:

Peopleintheareaswithdarkwinters. Desperateneedforsunlightisprobably mostfamiliarforpeoplelivinginCanada, thenorthernpartoftheUS,UK,Nordics andothercountrieswithinasimilarlatitude.MillionsofpeopleGoogle“Winter depression”or“Winterblues”startingfrom November,spikinginJanuaryanddroppingdowninMarch.

Officeworkers. Butevenifthesunis shiningoutside,youmightstillnotbesafe fromsunlightdeficiency.Inordertogetthe mostoutofsunlight,particularlythehealthy near-infraredlight,apersonneedstobe outsideonasunnysummerdayfor15-30 min.Near-infraredlightcomingfromthe sunisnotreachingyouwhenitisfiltered outbyourwindowglazing.Soevenifyou seesunlight.itwon’tgiveyouitsbenefits whenyouaretrappedintheoffice.

Peopleinareaswithhighairpollution. Anotherreasonforahealthynear-infrared lighttonotreachpeopleisifthedenseair pollutionblocksit.CountrieslikeChina, whichemits11.9billionmetrictonsofCO2 annually,facegrowingconcernsaboutthe effectsoflimitedsunlightexposure.

HowSunlightMakesUs Healthier

Sunlightconsistsofabroadspectrumof light,includingultraviolet(<400nm),visible (400–750nm),infrared(>1,400nm)and near-infraredlight(750–1,400nm).Each typeoflightplaysadifferentroleinhuman health.UVBraysareessentialfortheproductionofvitaminD,howeverexcessive UVexposurecanbeharmful,increasing theriskofskindamageandcancer.Meanwhile,visiblelighthelpsregulateourcircadianrhythm,improvingsleeppatterns.The readershipofLEDprofessionalReviewis probablywellawareofthehealthbeneﬁts ofhumancentric,circadian,orbiodynamic lighting.Thistypeoflightingusescarefultuningofvisiblelight(bothspectrum andintensity)tokeepthebiologicalclock entrained.Themechanismofthiseffect travelsviatheretinalganglioncellsinthe eyethatcommunicatewiththesuprachiasmaticnucleus(SCN)inthebrain.Whilethis biologicaleffectofvisiblelightisimportant forourhealthandwellbeing,itisnotthe onlytypeoflightthatourbodiesneedin ordertostayhealthy.

Invisiblenear-infraredlightinducesabiologicaleffectcalledphotobiomodulation. Itsworkingmechanismreliesontheactivationofmitochondria,alsoknownasthe powerplantofourcells.Indoingso,photobiomodulationenergizesourbodywith

aplethoraofpositiveeffects.Research sincethe1960’s [1] hasrevealedthat(far) redornear-infraredlighthasbeneﬁcialeffectsonavarietyofmedicalconditions, likeacceleratedwoundhealing, [2] mitigationofdiabetestypeIIsymptoms, [3–7] improvedbrainfunction, [8–13] reduction ofdepression, [14–18] andpromotionof eye-health. [19–23] Thisbroadscopeof impactisnotsurprisingwhenonerealizes thefundamentalrolethatmitochondria haveinourbody’senergymanagement andmetabolism;processesthatformthe foundationofeverycellfunction.

UnveilingtheMysteries ofNear-infrared

Whenknowingthebigimpactthatnearinfraredlightcanhaveondiseases,itis onlyasmallsteptorealizingthatthislight canalsohelpthegeneralpopulationto stayhealthy,fit,andhappy.Indeed,recentscientificstudiesongenerallyhealthy peopleshowthatboththeirphysicalhealth andmentalhealthimprovewhentheyare exposedtonear-infraredlightintheindoorenvironment.Inanearliereditionof thismagazine,wehavehighlightedthe resultsoftheclinicalstudyperformed byChrono@WorkandtheUniversityof Groningenpublishedearly2023. [24] This studyshowedthatadoseof6.5J/cm2 of 850nmlight,significantlyreducedtherestingheartrate,improvedmood,reduced drowsinessandreducedsystemicinflammation.Morerecently,anotherstudywas publishedbyagroupofCanadabased researchers,inwhich150healthyparticipantsreceived5J/cm2 near-infraredlight(a mixof735nm,875nm,and960nm). [25] Theyalsofoundimpressiveresultsoncardiovascularhealthandmentalhealth,both asacuteeffectsafterexposuretonearinfraredlight.

Theconcreteresultsreportedwere [1] Increasedrestinghigh-frequencyheart ratevariability(HF-HRV):Thisindicates improvedphysicalﬁtnessandbettercardiovascularhealth; [2].DecreasedHFHRVduringcognitivedemands,thisindicatesenhancedphysiologicalﬂexibility toadaptthebodytomentaldemands; [3].Enhancedfeelingsofpleasure&betteremotionalstatemaintenance(mood), near-infraredlighthadaprotectiveeffectin maintainingpleasurelevelsandpreventing thedeclineinmoodoverthe2-hourperiodduringwhichparticipantsperformed varioustasks,includingcognitiveassessments.Whilethesetwostudiesdifferon theexactlightrecipe,thecoremessage ofnear-infraredlightimprovingmentaland

physicalhealthofagenerallyhealthypopulationisevident.

Anotheraspectinwhichthesetwostudies differfromthemedicaltreatmentcasesis thesystemicapproach.Whilemostphotobiomodulationresearchisfocusedon directirradiationoftheproblematicarea (eithertheskull,thewound,thepainful joint,etc.),bothGimenezetal. [24] and Roddicketal. [25] irradiatedpeopleduringtheirdailyroutine,i.e.withtheirface, neckandpossiblyhandsexposed,yet measuredsystemic(i.e.fullbody)health effects.Theseresultscanberationalized bythedeeppenetrationofnear-infrared lightthroughtheskin(Figure 1),allowing toreachdeeperlyingcellsthat,whenactivated,transmitmoleculesinthebody’s transportationchannels,ﬁnallyleadingto fullbodypositiveeffects.Theapparentevidenceofthissystemicphotobiomodulation effectmotivatedustoresearchhowskin cellsrespondtonear-infraredlight,aswe suspectedthosecellstohaveacrucialrole inthemechanisticalpathway.

Figure1: Wavelengthdependentlightpenetration throughtheskin,near-infraredisknownforits deeppenetration.[26]

Thetwomostabundantskincelltypesare keratinocytes(themostupperlayerofthe skin)andfibroblasts(deeperintheskin). AstudybyVanderVloetetal. [25] shows thatwhenthesetwocellsareexposed to6.5J/cm2 850nmlight,thefibroblasts showasignificantresponse,whilethekeratinocytesdon’t.Thechangesinthelipid metabolismofthefibroblastsareviapathwayanalysisrelatedtoinflammatoryand immuneresponses.Thisobservationhints thattheresponseofskincellstonearinfraredlightcanindeedaffectsystemicinflammation.Moreover,thefindingthatonly fibroblastsshowasignificantresponse,

supportthehypothesisthatnear-infrared lightisideallysuitedtoactivatethedeeper layersofthebodyandinducesystemic healtheffects.Ofcourse,morestudiesare essentialtounderstandthefullmechanistic pathway,includingtheroleofskincells,in thesystemiceffectsofnear-infraredlight onourbodies.

NaturalNear-infraredLight

Thenaturalabundanceofnear-infrared lightdiffersgreatlydependingonweather conditions,seasons,timeofday,latitude, etc.Theselargevariationsbecomeclear in Figure 2 thatshowsthatthenearinfraredirradianceonthegroundinthe Netherlandsatmiddayhasabandwidthof 0.2–9.1mW/cm2.Itisneedlesstomention thatinthemorningsandafternoonsthe intensitiesdropcomparedtothevaluesat midday.

Thenaturalirradiancesalsoputtheeffectivedosesdescribedinthestudiesdiscussedaboveinaninterestingperspective. Adoseof6.5J/cm2 isachievedin12-15 minutesonasunnydayaroundmidday, whileitrequiresanhouronacloudysummerdayatmidday,andisvirtuallyimpossibleonacloudywinterday.

AddValuetoYourProduct

Whentheeffectivelightrecipeisknown, thedesignofaproductthatdeliversthis lightrecipeinthemosteffectivewaybecomeseasy.Themostimportantusecasecharacteristicsareschematicallydepictedin Figure 3.Additionally,theavailablespaceforintegrationandthepower availablecanbefactorstotakeintoaccount.Fromthisusecasedeﬁnition,the designspeciﬁcationfollows:basedonthe distanceandtheareathebeamangleis

Figure2: Illustrativesolarspectraforawinterandsummerdayatmidday,bothonaclearandacloudyday. Theﬁgureshowsthelargedifferencesbetweennear-infraredirradiancereachingthegroundonthesedays. Ontheclearsummerday,theirradianceinthe800–900nmspectralwindowis9.1mW/cm2,whileonthe cloudydayitis2.0mW/cm2.Asexpectedtheoverallpowerinthewinterislower,withanirradianceof 6.9mW/cm2 atmiddayinthe800–900nmspectralwindow,andonly0.2mW/cm2 onthecloudywinter day.DatafromVanSark[28].

Figure3: Themostimportantuse-casecharacteristicsareshownschematically.

determined,whilethedistanceandthe timearethemostimportantparameters todeterminethedrivingconditionsand numberofLEDs.Forthelatter,highquality high-powernear-infraredLEDsarerecommended,liketheonessuppliedbyour QualiﬁedComponentManufacturersams Osram,Lumileds,andLuminusDevices.

Areallifeexampleofimplementationand howcompactitcanbeistheSunBooster: aUSB-powereddevicethatcanbeclipped onanymonitororlaptopscreen(Figure 4, Figure 5)Thisdeviceisdesignedtodeliveradoseof6.5J/cm2 atanaverage distanceof75cmoverthecourseof3h, i.e.perfectforanyofﬁceusecase.Asthe behaviorofpeopleworkingatascreenis verystatic,wecanuseverynarrowbeam anglestoincreasetheefﬁcacy:allelectricityisconvertedintomeaningfulphotons. Asaresult,theaveragepowerdrawofthe SunBoosterisonly4.2W.

Forthepastcenturyhumanliveshave changeddrasticallymakingourlifestyle

completelydifferentfromtheonewehad forthousandsofyears.Wedisconnected fromnatureandoutdoorliving,forcingour bodiestoadapt.Howcanwekeepourselveshealthyinsuchconditions?Should wegobacktohowweusedtolive?SunLEDﬁndstheanswerintechnologies.With technologiesgroundedinscienceandcreatedwithcarewecanenjoythecomfortof ourhomeswithouthavingtocompromise ourhealthandwell-being.

Figure4: ThisUSB-C-powereddevicedelivers targeteddosesofnear-infrared(NIR)light—an essentialpartofsunlightyoumissindoors— proventoenhancemood,energy,andimmunity.

Summary

SunLEDcollaborateswithtopuniversitiestostudythehealthbenefitsofnearinfrared(NIR)light,co-authoringresearch andsecuringpatents.Thecompanyoffersalicensingprogramforintegrating NIRintoeverydaydevices,supportedby itsQualifiedSupplierProgramwithams OSRAM,Lumileds,andLuminus.SunLEDraisesawarenessofsunlight’shealth impact,highlightinghowmodernindoor lifestylescontributetodeficiencieslinked tomentalandphysicalhealthissues.ScientificstudiesconfirmNIR’sbenefitsfor mood,cardiovascularhealth,andinflammationreduction.SunLEDshowcasesits innovationsatmajorglobaleventsandpromotesNIRsolutionsliketheSunBooster, acompactdevicedesignedtocounteract sunlightdeficiency.Thecompanyenvisions technology-drivensolutionstobridgethe gapbetweenindoorlivingandnaturallight exposure. ■

Areallifeexampleofnear-infraredtechnologyimplementationandhowcompactitcanbeistheSunBooster.

Figure5:

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[22] Zhou,L.;Tong,L.;Li,Y.;Williams,B.T.;Qiu,K. PhotobiomodulationTherapyRetardedAxialLength GrowthinChildrenwithMyopia:Evidencefroma 12-MonthRandomizedControlledTrialEvidence.Sci Rep2023,13(1),1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s415 98-023-30500-7

[23] Zhu,Q.;Xiao,S.;Hua,Z.;Yang,D.;Hu,M.;Zhu, Y.T.;Zhong,H.NearInfrared(NIR)LightTherapyof EyeDiseases:AReview.IntJMedSci2021,18(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.52980

[24] Giménez,M.C.;Luxwolda,M.;VanStipriaan,E. G.;Bollen,P.P.;Hoekman,R.L.;Koopmans,M.A.; Arany,P.R.;Krames,M.R.;Berends,A.C.;Hut,R. A.;Gordijn,M.C.M.EffectsofNear-InfraredLight onWell-BeingandHealthinHumanSubjectswith MildSleep-RelatedComplaints:ADouble-Blind, Randomized,Placebo-ControlledStudy.Biology (Basel)2023,12(1),60. https://doi.org/10.3390/biol ogy12010060

[25] Roddick,C.M.;Wang,Y.;Chen,F.S.;Durmus,D.;Royer,M.P.;Veitch,J.A.;Zhao,J.; Seo,Y.S.;Cao,W.;Whitehead,L.A.Effects ofNear-InfraredRadiationinAmbientLighting onCognitivePerformance,Emotion,andHeart RateVariability.JEnvironPsychol2024,100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102484

[26] Avci,P.;Gupta,A.;Sadasivam,M.;Vecchio,D.; Pam,Z.;Pam,N.;Hamblin,M.R.;CutanMedSurg Authormanuscript,S.Low-LevelLaser(Light)Therapy(LLLT)inSkin:Stimulating,Healing,Restoring; 2013;Vol.32.

[27] vanderVloet,L.;Ducarne,Z.;Heeren,R.M.A.; Berends,A.C.;Vandenbosch,M.LipidAnalysisof HumanPrimaryDermalFibroblastsandEpidermal KeratinocytesafterNear-InfraredExposureUsing MassSpectrometryImaging.JBiotechnol2024,396, 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.00 9

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[29] WangJ,WeiZ,YaoN,LiC,SunL.Association BetweenSunlightExposureandMentalHealth: EvidencefromaSpecialPopulationWithoutSunlightinWork.RiskManagHealthPolicy.2023Jun 14;16:1049-1057. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/artic les/PMC10277019/

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“Today’smodernlifestylehinderspeople fromexposuretotheverydriveroflifeon Earth—sunlight.Iamveryhappyleading SunLEDLifeScienceintoasuccessfulfuturewherewemakeindoorlivinghealthier!”

AyhanSiriner,CEO

“Peopleworldwidedon’tgetenoughsunlight,anditcanhaveserioussystemic healthconsequences.Therefore,westrive tocreateascientificallyproven,accessible, andenergy-efficientsolutionthatwould mitigatesunlightdeficiency.”

– Dr.AnneBerends,CTOandcofounder

“BeingpartofSunLEDisdoingsomething meaningfulthatchangespeople’slivesfor thebetter.SunLEDtechnologyismade byprofessionalswhocareforeveryonein need.”

– AleksandraGoncharova,Marketing& CommunicationOfficer

JonathanCatchpole,SystemArchitectatTEConnectivityand MartinCreusen,StandardsandRegulationProfessionalatSignify

ArecentarticlepublishedinLEDprofessionalReview3 fromtheZigurat Institutespokeaboutasurveythey hadconductedonZhaga-D4icontrol andsensordevices.Zigurathadidentified41suppliersofcontrolandsensor devices,with21respondingtotheir survey.Inthearticle,thestudyrecognizesthepivotalrolethatZhagaBook 18andtheZhaga-D4icertificationprocessisplayinginshapingthefuture ofpubliclightingandconcludedwith aseriesofrecommendationsabout greaterstakeholderengagement.

TheZhagaConsortiumwasfoundedin February2010withtheaimtoestablish industryspecificationsofinterfacesfor componentsusedinLEDLuminaires. Specifically,ZhagaBook18definesthe mechanicalandelectricalinterfacebetweena‘Zhagaconnector’(Figure 1)and theLuminaireExtensionModule.Itthereby helpedtodrivetheZhaga-D4iecosystem around‘D4idrivers’.

Streetlightshavealongfunctionallifeof typically20to25years,duringwhichthe corefunctionalityoflightingtheroadsand streetsbeneathitwon’tchangewiththe possibleexceptionofaddingdimmingcapability.Astechnologymovesforward relentlesslyandwithsuchalongproduct lifetime,whynotmakeitconfigurableand easilyupgradable.Controldevicescancreatefurtherenergysavingsbeyondusing LEDlightsourcesandastheZiguratInstitutestudynotes,streetlightsareagreat locationforsmartcitysensorsanddevices. Beingaregularlypositionedpowersupplywithauniquevantagepointofacity, Zhaga’sBook18modularsystemarchitecturefacilitateseasyfield-upgradesand adaptations.Thislightingsystemflexibilityisespeciallyrelevantinthesmartcity arena,wherestreetlightsareplayinganessentialrole,becauseoftheirmainspower connectionanddensepoledistribution. Extendingthebasiclightingfunctionalityof streetlightswithtasksliketrafficorairqualitymonitoringisjustthetipofthesmartcity icebergandisonlylimitedbypeople’screativitytoimaginenewapplications.

https://zhagastandard.org

3LpR#107,Jan/Feb2025; https://www.led-professio nal.com/downloads/lpr107_full_93711.pdf

Duringthelifetimeofastreetlight,thanksto standardization,itcannowbeupgradedor adaptedonceormultipletimesduringits lifetime.Thisallowsforsmartcitydevices toberolledoutacrossmultiplebudgetcycles.Similarscenariosarevalidforsensor functionality,whichcanbeaddedatthe

timeofinstallationorlateradaptedduringthefunctionallifeofthestreetlight.The mentionedconnectivityandsensorﬁeldsof technologyarealreadyquitedynamicand newtechnologiesareexpectedtoappear inthecomingyearsanddecades.Associatedusecasesaresimilarlydynamicand rangefromstraightforwardlightingcontrol, lightingassetmanagementtomaintenance andearlywarningpropositions.Again,the rangeofcurrentandfutureoptionsisnot constrainedandwillonlyextendfurther whennewtechnologiesevolve.Thisiswhy theZhaga-D4icertiﬁedluminaireissoimportantasthe‘futureproofed’platform, withitsstandardizedinterconnectinterface, wiringstructure,communicationprotocol andpowerbudget.Asshownin Figure 2

Thisnowmakescertiﬁcationaveryimportantaspectforthemarket.TheZiguratinstitute’sarticlespokeaboutareluctance fornodemanufacturerstocertifytheir products.Thiswastheviewofthenode manufacturersandnotanenduserview. Nodemanufacturershavetraditionallynot neededtocertifytheirproducts,beyond electricalsafety.

Zhaga-D4iCertiﬁcation

Certificationiscrucialfromaninteroperabilitypointofview.Certificationgivesthe benefitofknowingthedevicescomplyand willbeinteroperableinthelargersystem givinganextralayerofconfidence.Benefitsofcertificationalsoincludereduced testingeffortsforusersandmakingsecondsourcingmucheasier.Thereby,tender specificationsplayanessentialrole;by requiringZhaga-D4icomplianceinteroperabilitybetweenmodulesandluminaires isensuredandoutdoorsystemsdonot needadditionaltestingbyspecifiersand installers.

Zhagaconnectorandluminaireapplication.

TheZiguratarticlementionedthatthey haveseenacertainreluctancefornode manufacturerstocertifytheirproducts.The currentstatusofluminairecertificationis steadilygrowingwithmorethan400luminairefamilieshavingbeencertified.This confirmsthemarketneedforlong-terminteroperabilityofstreetlightsandtheneed forpeaceofmindwheninstallingoutdoor lightingsystemswithalonglifetimeof2025years.

Certificationofcommunicationandsensor modulesisalsoprogressingwitharound 50nodeshavingbeencertified.Book18 hasbeenwrittentobenefittheenduser, makingitsomuchsimplerforthemto specifyinteroperableproductsfromdif-

ferentmanufacturers.Theynolongermust writelengthytenderdocumentsdetailing thingsliketheconnectorinterface,power budgets,intra-luminairecommunication protocol,switchinganddimmingmethodology,tonameafew.Tenderdocuments nowonlyneedtolistthatproductswill meettherequirementsofZhagaBook18 andbeZhaga-D4icertiﬁed.

Publictendersshouldvaluethesebeneﬁts bymandatingthatmodulesarebeingcertiﬁedaccordingtoZhagaBook18andthe correspondingD4iprotocol.

ZhagaBook18enablesthepotentialfor alargerangeofmoduletypeslikelighting controlmoduleswhichsettherightlight

levelsdependingonambientlightlevel, trafficorweatherconditions.Thesecan eitherbestand-aloneorcentrallycontrolled byacentralmanagementsystem.Other applicationscouldincludeusingthelight systemasanindicatororwarningsystem. Butasweareseeingnow,acategoryof smartcitysensorsareemergingthatdon’t affectthelightoutput,butpurelymakeuse ofthestreetlightspositionandpowersupply.Applicationssuchasclimate,pollution ortrafficsensorsareusingthisZhagaD4iplatformtooffermoreaffordablesolutionscomparedtotraditionaldevices whichneedtheirownpowersupply,communicationandmountingarrangement. AstheZiguratinstitutestated,Zhaga-D4i isacost-effectivewayofcitywidesensor deployment.Certificationofthislastcategoryofmodulesisespeciallybeneficialas itguaranteesthatmodulesareinteroperablewiththelightinghostsystem.Italso ensuresthatothermoduleslinkedtoan outdoorluminairearenotimpactedandthe overallsystemrunsflawlessly.

Toensurepeaceofmindtoend-userswho needtomakelong-lastingdecisions,a modularapproachbasedonaconnectorizedsolutionhasbeendeveloped.Interoperabilityofstreetlightsandtherelated ecosystemofconnectivityandsensor modulesisofkeyimportance.Thishas beenthemaingoaloftheZhaga-D4istandardizationeffortfromtheﬁrstpublicationofZhagaBook18inNovember2017 (Figure 3).

Figure2: Drivingthetwonodearchitecture,thestandardizationandcertificationprogrambenefitsspecifiers,allowingthemtospecifyproductsfromdifferent manufacturersandknowtheywillworktogether.

Figure1:

Zhaga-D4iScope

ThefirsteditionofZhagaBook18defined themechanicalfitsystemandtheelectricalpinassignmentinordertoensure theinteroperabilitybetweentheluminaire extensionreceptacle(LEX-R)andasingleluminaireextensionmodule(LEX-M). TheDALIprotocolwasselectedtoenable theLEX-Mtocontroltheelectroniccontrolgearintheluminaire.Mechanically, thenewfitsystemwasbasedonacompactandcost-effectiveLEX-Rinterface allowingthedifferentLEX-Mmodulestobe flexiblymounted,bothontop-aswellas onthebottom-sideofluminaires.Howto mounttheLEX-Rtotheluminaireorhow toconnectthedriverinsidetheluminaire wasnotrestricted,ifthe‘keep-out’area wasmet,toensuresufficientdesignfreedomforluminaireOEMsaswellasLEX-R manufacturers.Regardingthewireless connectionoftheluminaire,viatheLEX-M tothecentralmanagementsystem(CMS), noconstraintsweresetintheZhaga-D4i specification.

InthesecondeditionofZhagaBook18, thesystemarchitectureforadualLEX-M systemwasdeﬁnedincludingtheallowed powerbudgetandthehierarchysetting fortwoLEX-Mtypes:TypeAandTypeB (Figure 2).Thepowerbudgetconsisted ofamaximumcurrentconsumptionfrom theDALIbusandaseparateaverageand peakpowerconsumptionfromthe24V auxiliarysupply.Plug-and-playfunctionality wasguaranteedformaximumoneTypeA LEX-MandmaximumoneTypeBLEX-M

mountedtotheluminaire.Inthiscontext, ‘PlugandPlay’meansthatthedatasheet speciﬁcationoftheLEX-Misguaranteed.It doesnotdeﬁneanyminimumperformance levels,suchasresponsespeedorsensor sensitivity.

InthethirdeditionofZhagaBook18,an additionalformfactorwasaddedtotheexistingLEX-Rformfactor.ThisallowedhybridluminairearchitecturescombiningLEXMmodulesasdefinedbyANSIC136.41,in Book18calledN-LEX-M,withthealready definedZ-LEX-Mmodules.Again,toensureinteroperability,theN-LEX-Mmodules shallmeettherequirementsoftheType Aspecificationandonlymaximumoneof eachmoduletypeisallowedforeachluminaire.

AtZhagawearenowworkingonedition4 whichwillbringBook18todecorativeand heritageluminaires.

Limitations

Asstated,inthearticlefromtheZigurat Institute,ZhagaBook18doesn’tlimitthe wirelesscommunicationprotocolsthatcan beusednordoesitstipulatethateithera TypeAorTypeBdevicecancontainthe radiomodule.ButtheZhaga-D4isystem doeshaveconstraintsthatcouldlimitany wirelesscommunication.Theoriginalintent ofthesystemwasthattheTypeAdevice wouldcontaintheradio,soitwasgiventhe largershareoftheAUXpowersupplybudget:2Waverageanda5Wpeakforashort

periodoftime.Enoughtosendpacketsof datatoagatewayorbasestation.Though Book18doesn’tstatearadiocan’tbe placedinaTypeBdevice,thepowerbudgetforthosedevicesis1Wmaxfromthe AUXpowersupplyor46mAfromtheDALI bus.

Themegatrendisfordevicestoconsume lesspower.WeonlyneedtolookatApple’sdesignphilosophy,creatingtheirown siliconfortheirdevicestobeabletoprocessdataandcommandsmoreefﬁciently. Hencewithareducedenergyconsumption.Tothisend,Applestoppedpublishing batterysizesfortheirdevicesasitbecame aredundantmeasurement.AtZhaga,we havemembersthatarepushingthelimitationsofthisTypeBpowerbudgetby addingcameras,videoanalytics,andAI. Allpower-hungryprocesses,yettheycan meetthepowerbudget.We’renotaware ofanyoneputtingaradiomoduleinaType Bdevice,butthereareplentyofpowerefﬁcientcommunicationprotocolsoutthere thatcouldbeused.

AnotherlimitationraisedbytheZigurat’s articleisthebandwidthoftheDALIcommunicationprotocol.ItistruethatDALI islimitedto1.2kbps,itwasdesignedthis wayjusttobereliableaswellastoutilize low-costtransceivers,useawiderange ofcabletypesandallowfortheDALIbus tocarrypower.DALIwasdesignedtobe efﬁcientwithusingcommandstocomplete driverfunctions,buttheuseofmemory banksisincrediblypowerful.Sensordata canbewrittentothesememorybanks,

Figure3: ZhagaBook18history/timeline.

readoutacrosstheDALIbusandcommunicatedwirelesslytothecloud.No,you won’tbeabletocollecthoursofsensor dataorstreamingvideoandbeamittothe cloudforahighpoweredAImachineto processtheinformation.Ifasolutiondemandsthisapproach,thenaradiomodule inthesamedeviceasthesensorsisprobablytherightroute.Ontheotherhand, Zhaga-D4ifacilitatesendusers/ownersof streetlightstoconnecttheirstreetlightstoa widernetworkforrelativelylowcosts.This hasbeenbecauseofverysmallpacksof informationsentveryinfrequently.Itwould beasteepchangetonowaskthemto paylargesumsinconnectionchargesto communicatelargeamountsofdatatothe cloud.

Liaisons

InteroperabilityisatthecoreofwhatZhaga hasbeentryingtoachievewithBook18. Thedesiretoturnstreetlightsintoasmart cityplatformthatallowdifferentmanufacturerstocreatedifferentpartsofthe ecosystem,andworkseamlesslytogether. Zhagastartedthisjourneyasasingleconsortiumwhenwereleasededitiononeof Book18.Asstated,thisdeﬁnedamechanicalinterface,areceptacle,thatcontroldevicescouldbepluggedintoand controlthedriverwithafocusonthelow powernatureofLEDlightsources.

Butthiswasfarfromacompletesolution. Tobuildthiscompletesolutionweneeded todefinethewiringarchitecture,power budgetandcommunicationprotocol.For thelatter,theDALIprotocolwastheobviouschoice,buttherewasnohierarchy builtintotheDALIprotocol.ZhagaConsortiumandtheDALIAllianceformeda liaisontoworktogethertocreateedition 2ofBook18,theZhaga-D4iecosystem andaZhaga-D4ijointcertificationprogram. Thishasservedthemarketwellandreally alignedwellwiththeneedsoftheenduser, allowingthemtocreatetenderdocuments withouthavingtocarefullydetailmanyrequirementstoensurethatdifferentparts ofthesystemworkedtogetherandwere interoperable.Thecertificationprogramis thatassurancefortheenduser,knowing thattheproductstheypurchasearetested andindependentlyverifiedaccordingtothe standard.

ThissamecertiﬁcationvalueiswhyANSI inNorthAmericaareworkingwithZhaga andDALItobringZhaga-D4itotheirstandards.TheC136technicalworkinggroup, ofANSI,createsstandardsfortheNorth Americanmarket.However,theANSI structuredoesn’tallowforacertiﬁcation

programastheirendusersareusuallythe powerutilitycompanies.Currentlywhen selectingaproducttouseintheirnetwork theytestitthemselvestoensurecompliance.Anexpensiveandtimelyendeavor, especiallyiftestingwithamyriadofpossiblecombinations,butformechanicaland analogueproductsitwasoftenmanageable.Astheworldmovestowardsdigital deviceswithalotmorefunctionalitythis testingprocessnowgetsinﬁnitelymore complexandwouldrequiretheuseofa softwaretestbench.Itwouldbemuch simplerforANSItosimplyreferenceZhaga Book18andtheZhaga-D4icertiﬁcation process.

ThelatestliaisonwhichZhagaisinvolved withisbetweenDALI,TALQandZhaga. Betweenthethreeorganizationsweown almostthewholeoftheend-to-endsolutionfromthedriverorsensortothecloud platform.Andyettheflowofdata,commandsorconfigurationsaren’tunified. Workisunderwaytochangethis.

AsinallZhagaBooks,inZhagaBook18 thepromiseofinteroperabilitybetween luminairesandthedifferentmoduletypes isassuredthroughjointcertificationby accreditedtesthouses.Acorresponding logolicensingprogramforbothluminaires aswellasmoduleshelpstocommunicate theinteroperabilitymessagetowardsendusers.Certificationofproductsispossible forregularandassociatemembers.Every endusercanfindanoverviewofcertified productsontheZhagawebsite,withno Zhagamembershiprequiredtogetaccess tothisproductcertificationdatabase.

FurtherwidespreadadoptionofZhaga-D4i certifiedsmartcitymodules,bothsensorsaswellasconnectivitynodes,isnot hamperedbyanyrestrictionsinwireless communicationprotocolsorsensortechnologies.Enduserslikecitiesorpower utilitycompaniescouldbenefitfromthe keyadvantagesprovidedbytheZhaga-D4i certificationprogramwhenpublictenders wouldvaluethesebenefitsbymandating thatmodulesarebeingZhaga-D4icertified. ■

TheZhagaConsortium4 isanindustryassociationwithsome600membersthat publishesindustrystandardsforinterfacesofLEDsandothercomponentsinsidelights.Oneofitsindustrystandards, ZhagaBook185,addressestheinterconnectionofcomponentsinoutdoorlighting.

4https://zhagastandard.org

5https://zhagastandard.org/books/overview/smart-int erface-between-outdoor-luminaires-and-sensing-com munication-modules-18.html

JonathanCatchpole isaSystemArchitectatTEConnectivity.Inthiscustomer facingrolehespendshistimeunderstandingtheirapplications,productsandtechnology.Combinedwithinsightintomarket trends,JonathanalignsTE’slightingproductstrategyandroadmaps.Forthelast 10yearsthishasbeenfocusedonlighting andmainlystreetlighting.Jonathanisalso thevicechairoftheZhagaBook18workinggroupandwasoneofthekeypeople responsibleforbringingtheproposalto Zhagaanditscreationin2017.Sincethen, hehasbeenfocusedondevelopingthe Booktobemorerelevanttotheindustry andincludeotherarchitectures.

MartinCreusen isaStandardsandRegulationprofessionalatSignifyintheNetherlands.Heholdsamaster’sdegreeinphysics andaprofessionaldoctorateinengineering (PDEng)fromtheEindhovenUniversityof Technology.Duringhis25yearsat Philips/Signify,heworkedinvariousproductdivisions,rangingfromSemiconductors andComponents(i.e.MobileDisplaySystems)toLighting.Martinisalsochairof theZhagaBook18workinggroupandhas beenpartoftheZhagateamfor Philips/SignifysincethestartoftheZhaga consortiumin2010.

UnderstandingandImplementing Interoperability

mwConnect|mwconnect.us

Oftenconsidereda‘holygrail’bymany inthelightingindustry,interoperability suffersfromthesamechallengesas manyothertechnicalterms—itmeans differentthingstodifferentpeople. So,whatexactlyisinteroperability? Andwhyhasitbeensosoughtafter forsomanyyears?Ingeneral,nontechnicalterms,interoperabilityis thenotionthatdifferentdevices— programmableLEDdrivers,sensors, emergencyunits—willworkseamlesslytogether,onecansimply‘plug’ devicestogetherand‘play’them.As forthe‘why’,interoperabilityoffers numerousbenefits,providinggreater designandinstallationflexibilityatthe timeofinitialinstallationaswellas intothefuture.Inaddition,thisalso offersgreatercustomerchoice.Let’s takeacloserlookatwhatthisactuallyrequiresfromalightingcontrols perspective.Therearedifferentlevels ofinteroperability,eachofwhichthis paperwillexploreindetaillater.These levelsinclude:

DeviceLevel

Howdifferentdevices(i.e.,driver,sensor) willphysicallyfittogether,regardlessof themanufacturer.Forinstance,thewaya sensororcontrollerfitsintoalightingfixture involvestheformfactorofthedevicesas wellashowonedeviceattachesto another.

Intra-networkLevel

Howdifferentdevicescommunicatewith eachotheronthesamenetwork,whether thatbewireless-wireless,wired-wirelessor wired-wired.

Network-networkandCloud Interoperability

Howdifferentnetworkscommunicatewith eachotheracrossmultiplebuildingsystemsandthird-partynetworksorclouds. Thisisfrequentlyconsideredtobeintegration,ratherthan‘pure’interoperability, asdifferentbuildingsystems(i.e.,Building ManagementSystems(BMS)oraccess controlsystems)usesigniﬁcantlydifferent protocols,andcommunicationbetween themgenerallyrequiresagatewayorother bridgingdevice.

CurrentlyinNorthAmerica,networked lightingcontrols(NLC)accountforasmall percentageofinstalledcontrols.Inits2022 Solid-StateLightingR&DOpportunitiesreport,theUSDepartmentofEnergy,Ofﬁce ofEnergyEfﬁciencyandRenewableEnergy,estimatedthatlessthanonepercent ofallluminairesintheUSwere‘connected lighting’ [1].Morerecently,theDesignLightsConsortiumhasofferedestimatesof marketpenetrationofNLCsasbeinginthe 5-10percentrangeforcommercialbuildings [2].Theopportunityinenergysavings aloneisvast,withsavingsestimatesaveragingnear50% [3].Addinadditional savingsfromintegrationwithotherbuilding systems,suchasHVAC,andtheestimates areevenhigher.

Non-energybenefitsmaybeevenmore significant,however,andthisiswherethe valueofinteroperabilityforwirelessNLCis mostpronounced.Withtheabilitytodesignanddeployacustomsolutionfroma rangeofbest-in-breedcomponents,customerscanbringmuch-neededflexibility totheirbudgetsaswellastotheirplanningtimelines.Nolongerdoesacontrols projectneedtobecompletedinaspecific timeframe;projectphasescanbeaccommodatedoverasinglebudgetcycleor multiplecycleswithoutsacrificing functionality.

Furthermore,thisﬂexibilityintiming,design anddeploymentisparticularlyvaluablein retroﬁtsituations,whereowners/operators ofsmallormidsizefacilitiesfacerisingenergycostswhilestrugglingwithalackof technicalexpertiseorcapitalfundingfor costlylightingandcontrolsupgrades.More thanhalfofthecommercialbuildingsinthe USwerebuiltbetween1960-1999;only 25%werebuiltafter2000 [4].Manyof thesebuildingsaremodestlysized;accordingtothe2018CBECS,71%ofcommercialspaceintheUSconsistedoffacilities 10,000squarefeetorless.Theversatility inherentininteroperabilityprovidesatoolkit ofsolutionsforarangeofbuildingbudgets andvintages.

Theemergenceofbuildingperformance standards(BPS)forexistingbuildingsmay

alsopresentanopportunityfordeploying morewirelessNLC.Focusedonimproving energyperformanceinexistingbuildings, BPSsetlong-termperformancetargetsfor buildingswithoutspeciﬁcrigorousprescriptiverequirementsforachievingthosetargets.UsingaﬂexibleNLCsolutionbundled withalightingupgradecanhelpbuilding owners/operatorstocomplywiththese standards.

ExploringtheLayersof Interoperability

DeviceLevelInteroperability

Atthismechanicalinterfacelevel,interoperabilitymeansthatdifferentdeviceswill physicallyfittogether,regardlessofmanufacturer.Forinstance,thewayasensoror controllerfitsintoalightingfixtureinvolves theformfactorofthedevicesaswellas howonedeviceattachestoanother.Two ofthemostcommonstandardsformechanicalinteroperabilityarethosefromthe ZhagaConsortium,agloballightingindustryconsortiumthatdevelopsandpromotes standardsforLEDlightingcomponents, andthosefromNEMA,theNationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation,aUS-based tradeassociationthatdevelopsstandards forvarioustypesofelectricalequipment, includingLED-basedluminaires(Figure 1).

TheZhagastandardsfocusondefining standardizedinterfacesforLEDlighting components,suchascontrolmodulesand othercomponents.Book18describesa smartinterfacebetweenoutdoorluminaires andsensing/communicationnodes,specifyingpowerandcommunicationaspectsin additiontothemechanicalfitandelectrical pins [5].Book20definesasmartinterface betweenanindoorLEDluminaireanda sensing/communicationnode [6]

NEMAStandardsfocusondeﬁningspeciﬁcproductcharacteristics.Forinstance, NEMALS20000-2021providesrecommendedmechanicalshapesandminimum keep-outareadimensionsforindoorluminairestointerfacewithluminaireintegrated

controldevices [7],whileANSIC136providesstandardsforroadwayandarealightingequipment.Atthislevel,thegreatest benefitforinteroperabilityisspeedofinstallation,particularlywithoutdoorlighting. Becausethestandardsenable‘clickon’ installationwithminimalornowiring,contractorscanretrofitaprojectdevotingonly acoupleofminutesperfixture.Thecustomeralsobenefitsfromthepossibilityof phasinginadvancedcontrolsmoreconvenientlyoveralargeprojectiffundingis aconcern.Byselectinganopenstandard approach,thecustomercanorderdifferentluminairesovertimewithoutconcerns aboutcontrolcompatibility.

Intra-luminaire Interoperability

Insidetheluminaire,inadditiontothestandardizedmechanicalinterfacedescribed above,anopenstandardcommunication interfaceenablesfree-ﬂowingcommunicationbetweenthecomponentswithina luminaire,suchasdriversandembedded controldevices.TheDALID4istandard, anextensionofDALI-2,establishesspeciﬁccriteriafordataandpowertransmissionbetweendevicesinsidetheluminaire. WhileDALI-2standardizestheinterfacefor intra-luminairecommunication;D4istandardizesthefeaturesetoftheLEDdriver. Thisprovidesawaytoextractdatafrom componentsinsidetheluminairesuchas energyoroccupancymonitoring.PoEprovidesstandardizeddatacommunications andpowersupplytocomponentswithina luminaireviaEthernetcable.

Thegreatestbeneﬁtfromthislevelofinteroperability,availablefromafullstackstandard6,istheabilityofausertoextractvaluabledatafrominsidetheluminaire,suchas energyreportingoroccupancymonitoring withouttheneedforintermediategateways ortranslators.Becauseoftheopenstandardinsidetheluminaire,thecustomercan scalemoreeasilyinthefutureaswellas broadcastfuturefunctionalityupdatesto theintra-luminairecomponents.

NetworkInteroperability

Acrossthecontrolnetwork,theopenstandardsapproachinvolvesthewaydevices communicate,whethertheycommunicate wirelesslybetweenthemselves,arephysicallywiredtogetherforcommunication,or

VisualizationofhowPoEworks.Imagecredit:USDOEPoELightingSystemEnergyReporting StudyPart1,February2017.

6Afullstackstandardisonethatprovidesstandardizationforthedevice/applicationlayerinadditionto deﬁningthetransport/communicationlayer(s).

Figure1: ComparisonofNEMAandZhagamechanicalinterfacestandards.

Figure2: DALID4ifeatures.

Figure3:

somecombinationofboth.Commonwirelessstandardsinclude:

• BluetoothNLC

Bluetooth®NLC(NetworkedLighting Control)isafull-stackstandardforwirelesslightingcontrol,providingstandardizationfromtheradiothroughtothe devicelayer,providingasetofdevice proﬁlesthatstandardizethecontrolof smartlights,sensorsandcontrolinterfaces.

• Zigbee

ZigbeeisanIEEE802.15.4-basedspecificationforhigh-levelcommunication protocolsusedtocreatepersonalarea networkswithsmall,low-powerdigital radios.Thespecificationisfullstack,but theremaybeprivatevendorextensions ormodificationsthatmakefullinteroperabilitychallenging.

• Matter/Thread Thread,alow-power,low-bandwidth, fullstackmeshnetworkingprotocol thatusesthe802.15.4radiotechnology,isspeciﬁcallydevelopedtoimprove connectivitybetweenproducts,usinga meshnetwork,sodevicescommunicate witheachotherwithouttheneedfor acentralhub.Matterisanapplication layerthatrunsonThread.

• WiFi

WiFiisafamilyofwirelessnetworkprotocolsbasedontheIEEE802.11family ofstandards,commonlyusedforlocal areanetworkingofdevicesandInternet access,allowingnearbydigitaldevices toexchangedatabyradiowaves.

• LoRa

TheLoRaWAN®speciﬁcationisaLow Power,WideArea(LPWA)networking speciﬁcationdesignedtowirelesslyconnectbatteryoperated‘things’tothe internetinregional,nationalorglobal networks.

Multi-Network Interoperability/Integration

Finally,there’sthewaymultiplenetworksof devicescommunicate,forexample,howa buildingmanagementsystem(BMS)integrateswithalighting/controlsystem,orthe wayalightingsystemcommunicateswith anexternalsystem,suchasanelectricity providerfordemandresponse.Themost commonapproachesinclude:

• ApplicationProgrammingInterface (API)

AnAPIisessentiallyamechanismfor twoormorecomputerprogramsor componentstocommunicatewitheach other.Thesecanbeproprietaryoropen (ProjectHaystackandBrickareexam-

plesofthelatter).Thisapproachistypicallyusedto‘bridge’systemswhere datafromonecanbeusedintheother. Acommonexampleistheintegrationof lightingcontroldataandsystemswith HVACdataandsystems.

• OpenADR

OpenADRisanopen,highlysecure, two-wayinformationexchangemodel thatstandardizesthemessagingformatusedforautomateddemandresponsesothatdynamicsignalscanbe exchangedbetweenelectricityproviders andbuildingcontrolsystems.

• BACnet/Modbus

BACnetandModbusarecommunication protocolsforbuildingautomationand control(BAC)networks,developedfor communicationbetweenbuildingsystemssuchasheating,ventilating,and air-conditioningcontrol(HVAC),lighting control,accesscontrol,andﬁredetectionsystemsandtheirassociatedequipment.

• KNX

KNXisanopenstandardforcommercialandresidentialbuildingautomation, toprovidetwo-waycommunicationbetweenbuildingsystemssuchaslighting, windowcoverings,HVAC,securitysystems,energymanagement,andmore.

Stacking/LayeringTiers ofInteroperability

Layeringdifferentlevelsortypesofinteroperabilitycanbringdifferentbeneﬁtsdependingontheusecaseortheproject objectives.Let’stakealookathowthis canworkfromthestakeholder’sperspective,progressingthroughthelifecycleofa projectandthedifferentstakeholdersinvolvedateachstage.

Designers

Attheearlieststagesofaproject,thedesigner(whetherlightingdesigner,controls designer,orcollaboration)alongwiththe projectowner,willbemostfamiliarwith theprojectgoals,andwillbetaskedwith ensuringthosegoalsaremetinthedesign documents.Forinstance,aretrofitoffice projectmayhavethreeprimarygoals:the abilitytoreconfigurespacedependingon tenantneeds,providingtunablewhitecapabilitiesforoccupants;andprovidingcapabilitiesforintegratingtheexistingHVAC systemwiththelightingcontroltoprovide occupant-responsivetemperaturecontrol. Inaprojectlikethis,thedesignerwillfirst designnetworkinteroperability,tocapture thefirsttwogoals,andthenlayeronmultiplenetworkinteroperabilitytocapturethe

thirdgoal,HVACintegration.Byincluding networkinteroperability,thedesignerwill beabletochoosefromarangeofcomponentdevices,perhapsselectingtunable whitedevicesfromonemanufacturerto achievethesecondgoalwhileselecting occupancysensorsfromanothermanufacturerbecausethefeaturesetispreferred. Bylayeringonmulti-networkinteroperability,thedesignercanthenleveragethe occupancysensorstoincorporatetemperaturecontrolviathermostatinprimary projectgoals.Thiscanimproveenergy performancesigniﬁcantly,withincreased savingsrangingfrom17-24%.

Installer

Interoperabilitybenefitstotheinstalleroccurattheinitialinstallationaswellasany futureupgrades,additionsorreplacements.Devicelevelinteroperabilitywill streamlinetheinitialinstallationsignificantly; forexample,anoutdoorcontrolsproject usingeithertheZhagaorNEMAconnectionstandardswillreducetheamountof timeneededtoinstallcontroldeviceson luminaires.Typically,aninstallerwillonly needtoattachthecontroldeviceandtwist tosecurebeforemovingontothenext luminaire.Similarly,ifareplacementis neededinthesameapplication,thereplacementcanbedonewithoutremoving oropeningtheluminaire.Networklevel interoperabilitylayeredon,benefitstheinstalleraswell.Considerthesameoutdoor controlsproject,consistingofphasesinstalledoveraperiodofmonthsoreven years.Theinstallercanutilizeanycompatiblecontroldevice,regardlessofmanufacturer,insubsequentphasesorasreplacementdevicesintheoriginalphase.This canreducetheneededinventorytheinstallermustcarryaswellasreduceservice calls,astheinstallercanmaintainamodestsupplyonthetruckforfasterresponse time.

Owner/Operator

Interoperabilitybeneﬁtstotheowner/operatoroccurateverystageoftheproject. Stackingdeviceandnetworkinteroperabilityensurestheowner’sﬁnancialinvestment willbesafeguardedbothattheinitialinstallationphaseaswellasthroughoutthe lifecycleoftheproject.Initially,thedevice interoperabilitymeansthatinstallationcosts willbereduced,whilenetworkinteroperabilityensuresthatfutureexpansionsor replacementswillbeachievedinacosteffectivemanner.Layeringadditionalinteroperability,suchasmulti-network,offers additionalenergysavingsbyenablingin-

tegrationofoccupant-responsivecontrol overbothlightingandHVACsystems.Similarly,providingOpenADRorAPIfunctionalitycanofferaportfolioowner/operator additionalopportunitiestomanageenergy performanceorintegrationwithotherbuildings’systemssuchasshadingorsmart glass.’Considerapropertymanagement firmwithaportfolioofcommercialoffice propertiesintheSouthwestandsouthern California.Leveragingallthelayersofinteroperabilitywillenablethemanagement teamtomaintainarealtimeviewofeach property’slightingsystemforpredictive maintenance.Schedulingservicecallsfor deviceordriverfailurewillbestreamlined andsimplified,sincetheservicecrewcan choosefromanyavailablecompliantdevice,ratherthanhavingtoorderspecific proprietaryitems.Similarly,thecentral managementteamcancoordinateupgradesorexpansionsofmultipleproperties topre-commissionluminairesfromasingle factorylocationandreduceinstallationtime accordingly.

Occupants

Occupantsaretheultimatebeneﬁciaryof theinvestmentininteroperability,asthey arenotdirectlyinvolvedinthedesignor buildphasesoftheproject.Theirproductivity,abilitytoadjustlightingandtemperaturecontrolsmoreeasilyandintuitively,are thedirectresultoftheconnectivitygained throughinteroperabledesignandperformance.A2018surveyof7,000Staples employeesrevealedthat80%oftherespondentssaidthathavinggoodlightingin anofﬁcewasessential.One-thirdsaidthey wouldbehappieratworkiftheyhadbetter lighting [8]

Conclusion

Thebeneﬁtsofinteroperabilityarenumerous:

• Flexibilityinchoosingnetworkcomponents,includingluminaires,drivers, controldevices

• FlexibilityforthefutureinadjustingNLC performancetomeetchangingneeds

• Simpliﬁedscalabilityformulti-phase projectsorbudget-consciousapplications

• Effectiveinsightintonetworkoperation forpredictivemaintenance,energyreporting,occupancymonitoring,demand responseandmore

• Integrationbetweenbuildingsystems likelighting,HVAC,accesscontroland more

• Enhancedenergyperformanceenergy savings

• Improvedoccupantsatisfactionand productivity

Whilemanyofthesebenefitscanberealizedfromintentionallyincludinginteroperabilityintoaprojectdesignandexecution, thispaperdemonstratesthatthesebenefits increaseexponentiallywhenaprojectteam layerstiersofinteroperability.Startingwith foundationaldeviceinteroperabilityensuringswifterinstallations;addingnetworkinteroperabilitycapturestheforward-looking flexibilitythatownersandoperatorsfind vital.Addingmulti-networkinteroperability achievesthefullrangeofbenefitspossible.

It’sbecomingeasierthanevertoensure allthestakeholderscanrealizesomeorall ofthebeneﬁtsdescribedabove.Industry consortiumslikeBluetooth,Zhaga,and DALIAlliancecontinuetocertifygrowing numbersofproductsthatcomplywith openstandards.Educationalofferings— eitherinpersonatconferencesandworkshopsoronlineviaeducationplatforms— makeiteasierthanevertogainanunderstandingoftheprinciplesofinteroperabilityandhowtoincorporateitintoanNLC project.Thefutureofinteroperabilitycontinuestoexpandandthemarketplaceasa wholewillbeneﬁt. ■

References

[1] DOE,[DOE]DepartmentofEnergy.February2022. 2022Solid-StateLightingR&DOpportunities.Retrievedfrom https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/articles /doe-publishes-2022-solid-state-lighting-rd-opportu nities

[2] https://www.ecmweb.com/lighting-control/article/5 5057083/maximize-the-function-and-value-of-netwo rked-lighting-controls

[3] Ibid

[4] CBECS2018,EIA.

[5] Zhaga https://www.zhagastandard.org/books/overvi ew/smart-interface-between-outdoor-luminaires-and -sensing-communication-modules-18.html

[6] https://www.zhagastandard.org/books/overview/s mart-interface-between-indoor-luminaires-and-sensi ng-communication-modules-20.html

[7] https://www.nema.org/standards/view/physical-int erface-of-luminaire-integrated-control-devices

[8] “HowDoesLightingAffectMentalHealthInThe Workplace,”Forbes,12/31/2018retrievedfrom https://www.forbes.com/sites/pragyaagarwaleurope /2018/12/31/how-does-lighting-affect-mental-healt h-in-the-workplace/#798573bf4ccd

Resources:

• USEnergyInformationAdministration, 2018.CommercialBuildingsEnergyConsumptionSurvey(CBECS),retrievedfrom http s://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/

• DOE,EnergyEfficiencyandRenewable Energy,2016.TheNationalOpportunityfor InteroperabilityanditsBeneﬁtsforaReliable, Robust,andFutureGridRealizedThrough Buildings.DOE/EE-1341

• DOE,[DOE]DepartmentofEnergy,2019.

EnergySavingsForecastofSolid-StateLightinginGeneralIlluminationApplications.PreparedbyNavigantConsulting.Retrievedfrom https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/downloads/ 2019-ssl-forecast-report

• DOE,EnergyEfficiencyandRenewable Energy,2017.ConnectedLightingSystemInteroperabilityStudyApplicationProgrammingInterfaces,Part1.PNNL-26946. RetrievedfromDLC,InteroperabilityforNetworkedLightingControls,May2020.Retrievedfrom http://www.designlights.org/res ources

• EC&M,“MaximizetheFunctionandValueof NetworkedLightingControls,”June12,2024. Retrievedfrom https://www.ecmweb.com/lig hting-control/article/55057083/maximize-the-f unction-and-value-of-networked-lighting-con trols

• Forbes,“HowDoesLightingAffectMental HealthInTheWorkplace,”12/31/2018retrievedfrom https://www.forbes.com/sites/pra gyaagarwaleurope/2018/12/31/how-does-lig hting-affect-mental-health-in-the-workplace/# 798573bf4ccd

• NEMA,PhysicalInterfaceofLuminaireIntegratedControlDevices,October2021. NEMALS20000-2021.Retrievedfrom https: //www.nema.org/standards/view/physical-int erface-of-luminaire-integrated-control-devices

• ZhagaConsortium,Book18:Smartinterfacebetweenoutdoorluminairesandsensing /communicationmodules.April2021.Retrievedfrom https://www.zhagastandard.org/ books/overview/smart-interface-between-out door-luminaires-and-sensing-communication -modules-18.html

• ZhagaConsortium,Book20:Smartinterfacebetweenindoorluminairesandsensing /communicationmodules.November2020. Retrievedfrom https://www.zhagastandard.or g/books/overview/smart-interface-between-i ndoor-luminaires-and-sensing-communicati on-modules-20.html

mwConnect: AnAmericancompany basedinSacramento,mwConnecthas producedsuperiorlightingcontrolsand relatedelectricalpowerandprotection componentsfor40years.Today,mwConnectisengineeringIoTsolutionsfor today’srapidlychangingmarketplace.As anaward-winningsolutionsproviderwith advanceddesignandmanufacturingfacilitiesinstrategicgloballocations,mwConnectoffersthemostcomprehensive wirelessmeshsolutionsavailableinthe marketplace.Thecompanycontinuesto supportitslong-timeOEMpartnerswithan extensiveandessentiallightingcomponent productportfolio.

Formoreinformationvisit: mwconnect.us

Micro-optics:ShapingtheFuture ofHigh-PerformanceLEDLighting

JessicavanHeck,COOatPHABULOuS

JessicavanHeck,COOatPHABULOuS.

JessicavanHeck holdsanengineeringdegreefromtheUniversityofApplied Sciencesandhasnearly15yearsofexperienceinthephotonicsindustry,fostering innovationandcollaboration.AstheCOO ofPHABULOuS,anon-proﬁtorganization dedicatedtoadvancingthemicro-optics industry,shefocusesonshowcasingthe potentialofadvancedfree-formmicroopticsandconnectingcustomerswith Europe’ssupplychain.

jessica.vanheck@phabulous.eu

TheLEDlightingindustryisincreasinglyadoptingadvancedfree-form micro-optics.Theseminiatureoptical structuresenablepreciselightcontrol, improveefficiency,andenhanceoverallLEDlightingperformance.

Asindustriesdemandhigherperformance andenergyefficiency,micro-opticshave becomeanessentialelementinmodern LEDlightingapplications.Inthisseries,we exploretheadvantagesofmicro-opticsand thevariousmanufacturingmethodsused tocreatethem.Inthisfirstarticle,wefocus onthecorebenefitsoffree-formmicrooptics.

Reducingsizeandweight

Free-formmicro-opticsenablehighlyintegratedandcompactopticalsolutions.By shapinganddirectingLEDlightwithextremeprecision,theyreducetheneedfor bulkylensarraysandreﬂectors,minimizing thesizeandweightofthelightingsystem. Thisisparticularlyvaluableinautomotive lighting,(wearable)consumerelectronics, andLED-basedmedicaldevices.

Betterilluminationuniformityand glarereduction

Free-formmicro-opticsalsoenableprecise controloverlightdistribution,allowingdesignerstoshapebeamsmoreeffectively thantraditionaloptics.Thisresultsinbetter illuminationuniformity,reducedglare,and theabilitytocreatecustomlightingproﬁles forspeciﬁcapplications,suchasautomotiveheadlights,architecturallighting,or streetlights.

Improvedsystemefﬁciency

Bydirectinglightexactlywhereit’sneeded, free-formmicro-opticsoptimizelightpathways,thusrequiringlesspowertoachieve thesamebrightnesslevel.Thisiscrucial forbattery-powereddevicestoreduceenergyconsumption.Moreover,byminimizinginternalreﬂectionandlightscattering, thesesystemsgeneratelessheat,reducing theneedforactivecoolingorlargeheat sinks.

Enhancedaesthetic&functional ﬂexibility

TraditionalLEDoptics,suchassimple lensesandreﬂectors,canonlyproduce basicbeampatterns(e.g.,circular,elliptical).Free-formmicro-optics,however, allowforhighlycomplex,non-symmetrical, ormulti-zonebeams.Forinstance,modernbuildingsandurbanspacesoftenrequirecustomizedlightingeffectsthatare bothaestheticandfunctional.Free-form micro-opticshelpachievesoftgradient wall-washingeffectsformuseumsandart galleries,asymmetricstreetlightbeamsthat reduceglareinurbanareasanddynamic façadelightingthatadaptstoenvironmentalconditions.

Micro-opticscomeinvariousshapesandforms dependingontheapplicationandrequiredlight distribution.

Conclusion

Asindustriespushformoresustainable andhigh-performancelighting,integrating micro-opticswillplayanincreasinglycrucial roleindeliveringinnovativesolutions.In upcomingarticles,we’llexplorereal-world applicationsandcutting-edgetechnologies drivingthefutureofLEDlighting. ■

https://phabulous.eu/

BringsEfﬁciencyandSizeBeneﬁts toLEDLightingMarket

DenisMarcon,GeneralManagerofInnoscience

Smallchangescanleadtosignificant impact.Evenseeminglyminorreductionsinpowerconsumptionwithina singlehouseholdcantranslateinto substantialenergysavingswhenmultipliedacrossmillionsofhomesnationwideorglobally.TakeLEDdrivers, forexample.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),approximately50%ofglobalresidentiallightingsalesnowutilizeLEDtechnology7 , makingitthedominantlightingsolution.Thisshareisexpectedtogrow furtherastheworldmovestowarddecarbonizationandNetZeroEmissions targetsby2050.Thetotalnumberof LEDdriversneededtosupportthisexpandingmarketdependsonfactors suchaslightingarrangementsand brightnessrequirements.However, onethingisclear:thedemandwillbe enormous.Ifwecanimprovedriver efficiencybyevenafewwattsperunit, thecumulativeenergysavingsona globalscalewillbeimmense.

Efﬁciencyisn’tjustaboutreducingpower consumption—italsoenablessmaller, morecompactdevices.Galliumnitride (GaN)powerICsarerevolutionizingLED drivers,deliveringupto4%greaterefﬁciencythantheirsiliconMOSFET-based predecessorswhilealsobeingsmallerand sleeker.

GaNhastransformedpowerelectronics. ItsFigureofMerit(FoM)—definedasonresistance(Ron)multipliedbygatecharge (Qg)—istentimesbetter(lower)thanthe bestsiliconMOSFETs.Thisallowssystemstoswitchatmuchhigherfrequencies withoutcompromizingefficiency,enabling theuseofsmallerpassivecomponents (thoughEMCconsiderationsremainimportant).Additionally,GaNhasnobody diodeand,therefore,noreverserecovery current,whichfurtherenhancesefficiency andsimplifiescircuitdesign,makingtotempolebridgelessPFCaviableandeffective topology(Figure 1).

LEDDriverReference DesignwithGaN Technology(200W)

ReferencedesignsproducedbyInnoscienceshowstheinnovation. Figure 2 comparesatypical120Wsilicon-based LEDdriver,versusa200Wunitmadewith GaN.

It’sworthnotingthatinthePFCstage, normallyasilicondevicewouldswitchat 80kHz,withGaNitis140kHz.Andthen, intheLLCportionofthecircuit,MOSFETs wouldtypicallyswitchat100kHz,whilst intheInnosciencedevicesthatswitching speedhasbeentrebledto300kHz.That isthetricktomakingtheLEDdriverunit thinner,smallerandmorepowerful.Aswe havementioned,EMCfilteringneedsto beaddressed,butnolargecapacitorsor chokesarerequired,ascanbeseenfrom theboarddimensions(196x35x13mm). NotonlyistheGaNLEDdrivermoreefficientwithasmallerfootprintandlowerprofile,italsoweighslessbecausenothermal pottingmaterial(theblacksectionsofthe silicon-basedunitin Figure 2)isrequired. Thisalsosimplifiesproductionsinceone process,whichrequiresclosecontrolto avoidvoids,iscompletelyremoved.

LEDDriverReference DesignwithGaN Technology(120W)

Figure 3 detailsanotherInnosciencereferencedesign,thistimefora120WLED driver.

7https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/lighti ng

ThetopologyoftheGaNunit(boostPPC plusLLC),featuringGaNontheprimary side,reducescomponentcount,yetdelivers67%morepower.TheGaNLEDdriver requires35%lessPCBspaceandis57% lowerinproﬁlethanatypicalsiliconsolution.Efﬁciencyincreasesto96%.The solutionisimplementedusingthree650V InnoscienceHEMTs:oneINN650D140A ratedat140mΩinthePFCstage,and two240mΩINN650D240Adevicesforthe LLCside–allpackagedas8x8mmDFNs.

ThisagainusesInnoscience’s650Vparts: the350mΩINN650DA350Aswitching at100–260kHz,packagedina5x6mm DFNforthePFCstage;andthe240mΩ INN650D240AGaNHEMTintheQRﬂybacksolution,switchingat120kHz, packagedasan8x8mmDFN.Bycomparison,siliconMOSFETsusedinthisapplicationwouldtypicallyswitchat 60–180kHzand80kHz.

ByusingGaNatthesehigherfrequencies, thePCBlengthhasbeenreducedfrom 255mminacommercially-availableleading silicon-baseddesign,tojust112mm.Furtherbeneﬁts,includingreductioninoverall PCBarea,reductioninsizeoftransformer,

andtheeliminationofheatsinksandthermalpastearedetailedin Table 1

Moreover,inthisdesign,efficiencyhas beenincreasedfrombetween88-90%in thesiliconMOSFETdesign,to93-94% withtheGaNimplementation.Thatincreaseinefficiencyofaround4%works outatsomethinglike4Wforthis120W design.Aswesaidatthetopofthisarticle, thatmaynotseemlikemuch,butifyou multifplyitbymanytimesperhousehold andthenagainforthenumberofhouseholdsinalargecity,orevencountry,the savingsareverysignificant.

Aswellasefﬁciency,wehavediscussed sizeagooddealinthisevaluation.Sizeis actuallyveryimportanttotheLEDlighting drivermarket,asshownin Figure 4

Withasiliconproductthedriverwillextend toofar,orhaveaproﬁlethatistoothicktheGaNsolutionismuchmoresuitable.

OneofInnoscience’sstrengthsisitsportfolioofGaNsolutions–byfarthewidest intheindustry,includingdiscrete,integratedandbidirectionaldevices(Figure 5). Thisincludesdevicesthatareofferedina numberofpackagestyles.Forexample, thereferencedesignsinthisarticlewere achievedusingGaNHEMTsintheDFN package.However,InnosciencealsooffersthesamepartsintheDPAKorTO252 package,whichisfavoredbymanyLED lightingcompaniesbecauseitisverywell suitedforwavesolderingandmassproduction.Thisisjustoneofthereasonswhy InnoscienceHEMTsarealreadybeingused involumebyanumberofproducers.

SummaryofGaN TechnologyforLighting Applications

GalliumNitride(GaN)technologyisrevolutionizinglightingapplicationsbyoffering higherefﬁciency,improvedthermalperformance,andenhancedpowermanagement comparedtotraditionalsilicon-basedsolutions.GaNisawide-bandgapsemiconductorthatallowsforhighervoltage,faster switchingspeeds,andreducedenergy losses,makingitidealforLEDdriversand powerelectronicsinlightingsystems.

AsGaNtechnologycontinuestoevolve, itisexpectedtoplayakeyroleinnextgenerationlightingsolutions,enabling brighter,moreefﬁcient,andlonger-lasting LEDsystemsforvariousindustries.GaNon-Silicon(GaN-on-Si)technologyisa semiconductorinnovationthatenables

Figure1: GaNhasnobodydiodeandthereforenoreverserecoverycurrent,increasingefﬁciencyand enablingtheuseofsimplertopologiessuchastotempolebridgelessPFC.

Figure2: Comparisonofatypical120Wsilicon-basedLEDdriver,versusa200WunitmadewithGaN.

Innosciencereferencedesignofan120WLEDdriver.

Table1: BeneﬁtsandcomparisonofGaNdesignsoncomponentlevel.

Figure3:

GalliumNitride(GaN)devicestobemanufacturedonsiliconsubstrates,combining thesuperiorperformanceofGaNwiththe cost-effectivenessandscalabilityofsilicon.

ApplicationsinLighting:

• LEDDrivers–GaN-baseddriversoffermoreefﬁcientpowerconversionfor commercialandresidentialLEDs.

• Smart&ConnectedLighting–Faster switchingandintegrationwithIoTsystemsimprovelightingautomation.

• Automotive&High-PowerLEDs–GaN enhancesperformanceinheadlightsand high-intensitylighting.

• UV&SpecialtyLighting–UsedinhighpowerUV-Capplicationsforsterilization andindustrialprocesses. ■

DenisMarcon receivedaM.S.degree fromtheUniversityofPadovain2006.In 2011,hereceivedthedegreeofDoctor inEngineering(Ph.D.)fromtheCatholic UniversityofLeuvenandImecwithathesisentitled“Reliabilitystudyofpowergalliumnitridebasedtransistors”.Denisisthe leadingauthororco-authorofmorethan 50journalpapersorinternationalconferencecontributions.

AfterhisPh.D.graduation,Denishasled projectsaimingtodevelopGaNHEMTsfor severalapplications(RFandpowerswitching).Thereafter,hejoinedthebusinessdevelopmentteamofImecwherehewasdirectlyresponsibleforthepartnershipswith ImecintheﬁeldofGaNpowerelectronics aswellasondedicateddevelopmentand manufacturingofSi-baseddevices,MEMS, sensorsandmicro-systems.

DenisisGeneralManagerofInnoscience Europe(asubsidiaryofInnoscience),and heisdirectlyresponsiblefortheInnoscience’sGaNbusinessandmarketing inEurope.

AboutInnoscience Innoscience(stockcode:02577.HK)isthe leaderoftheglobalpowersemiconductorrevolutionandtheworld’slargestgalliumnitridechipmanufacturer.Itsproduct designandperformanceareattheinternationaladvancedlevel.Thecompany’s galliumnitrideproductsareusedinvarious low,mediumandhighvoltageapplication scenarios.Theproductresearchanddevelopmentrangecovers15Vto1200V, coveringwafers,discretedevices,ICs, modules,andprovidingcustomerswithfull galliumnitridesolutions.

AsofDecember10,2024,ithas406 patentsand387patentapplicationsworldwide.Theproductscanbewidelyused

incuttingedgeﬁeldssuchasconsumer electronics,automotiveelectronics,data centers,renewableenergyandindustrial applications.Innoscience,GaNcreatesa brightfutureforchips!

Formoreinformationvisitthefollowing websites: www.innoscience.com

SizeisactuallyveryimportanttotheLEDlightingdrivermarket.

Innoscience’sGaNportfolio.

Figure4:

Figure5:

ExpertTalksonLight–LUMILEDS

ExploringInnovationinLighting:AdvancedSolutionsfor High-DensityMulti-ColorLEDArraysandRevolutionaryAutomotive BodyIllumination.

Talk#1: ChallengesandSolutions whenDesigningLarge ClusterMulti-colorLED Sources

https://youtu.be/mqfKDY1gDOQ

RobEngelen’spresentationdelvesinto thechallengesandsolutionsfordesigninghigh-density,multi-colorLEDarraysfor applicationssuchasarchitectural,stage, andstudiolighting.Thepresentationemphasizesachievingoptimallightoutput, colormixing,thermalmanagement,and compactLEDpackagingtomeetmodernlightingdemands.Acentralfocusis resolvingconﬂictingdesignrequirements, suchasthepreferenceforlargeLEDdies tomaximizelightperformanceversusthe needforsmallpackagestoensureclosepackingofLEDs.

Toaddressthesechallenges,thepresentationdiscussesadvancedtechnologies. Forthermalmanagement,heatdissipationsolutionsincludetheuseofinnovative PCBsubstratessuchasceramic,insulatedmetalsubstrates(IMS)withcopper pedestals,andadvancedheatsinkdesigns.Thesedesignsenablehighdrivecurrents,efﬁcientheattransfer,andreduced noisebyeliminatingfans.Electricalrouting isoptimizedusingathree-stripefootprint toenablecompact,efﬁcientlayoutswhile enhancingcolormixingthroughbetterrandomizationofindividualcolors.

Talk#2: ExpandingtheHorizonsof CarBodyLighting

https://youtu.be/KM1da8LlhiY

Dr.ThorstenAnger’spresentation,“ExpandingtheHorizonsofCarBodyLighting,”highlightsinnovationsinautomotive lightingdesign,emphasizingcutting-edge technologiesthatbalancestyling,functionality,andmarketfeasibility.Itexplores diverseapplications,includingsingular litelements,backlitsurfaces,andthreedimensionalilluminatedstructures,tailored touniquevehicledesigns.

Thepresentationidentifieschallengesin adaptingadvancedlightingtechnologies, typicallyreservedforhigh-endvehicles,to mainstreamplatforms.Lumiledsaddresses thiswithscalable,modularsolutionsthat prioritizeefficiency,cost-effectiveness,and sustainability.Keyinnovationsincludethe LUXEONVersat2016LEDFamilyforcustomizablebrightnessandspectraltuning, DynamicSignatureLightswith192individuallyaddressablepixelsfordynamicstyling, andtheLUXEON3DLEDSeries,aflexible solutionforslim,elongateddesigns.The CoinConceptDesignintroducesmodular, efficientsingle-emittersolutionsoptimized forsafetyandeasyintegration.

Advancedtechnicalfeatureslikecollimator lenses,diffuseﬁlmcovers,andoptimized geometriesenhanceluminousefﬁciency anduniformity,cateringtolarge,curved surfaceswhileensuringhigh-performance opticalquality.Lumileds’focusonsustainabilityisevidentthroughrecyclablematerialsandautomated,modularintegration systemsdesignedformassproduction.

Supportedby

Formoreinformationvisit: https://www.lumileds.com/

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