The Roma Question
SITE
Piccadilly Gardens
Marble Arch main commercial route (Oxford Road)
main commercial route (Market Street)
main vehicular route (Park Lane)
main vehicular route (Portland Street)
‘rough sleeping’ areas
existing and potential ‘rough sleeping’ areas
tube entrance/ exit points
focal rail, tram and bus transport points
public toilets
Stage 1 Manchester, UK
public toilets
September 2013 - May 2014
The temporal context of the project is set starting with January 2014 when the transitional controls on free movement adopted by the UK will end. Following the lift of the travel restrictions and free access to the UK labor territory. Drawing on dichotomies of spatial purity and impurity, on notions of boundary, transience and spatial justice, the scheme proposes a temporary, modular structure that plugs into the existing site infrastructure – a contemporary Roma camp, aimed to provide the incoming community with a set of architectural and spatial principles that develops incrementally.
Stage 2 Bucharest, Romania June 2014 - August
Roma gypsies ‘rough sleeping’ in Hyde Park, London
Origin - Paralyzed Ambitions
Conservation Area Inner City Ring Road Approximate Walking Distance
al
Stalled Sites Network
an eC
al
d ch Ro
Piccadilly Gardens
Prin
Underground Cable Protection QT. : Approx. 56 m mounted on the Eastern and Western hoardings Material: Grey Plastic Dimensions: ø 50 mm
Handcart QT. : 3 Material: Metal, Plastic Carrying Capacity: Approx. 110 kg
Safety Barrier (Type 1) QT. : 6 scattered across the exit points Material: Metal, red coating Dimensions: 1200 (L) x 800 (H) mm
Safety Barrier (Type 2) QT. : Approx. 35, two large piles by the Whitworth St. entrance Material: Plastic, red or white Dimensions: 1400 (L) x 900 (H) mm
QT. : 4, by the Eastern and Western entrance, by slab level changes Material: Plastic, red, white, yellow Dimensions: 200 (L) x 500(H) mm
Planks QT. : ?, scattered pieces of wooden planks, most likely concrete formwork Material: Wood
Supporting Elements QT. : 6, supportinng the loose mesh shaft barriers Material: Concrete Dimensions: 350 (L) x 150
Concrete Elements
Modular Bars
Tubes
QT. : 16 concrete slabs and 10 structural elements
QT. : Approx. 15 Material: Aluminium Dimensions: ø 25 mm
QT. : 3 Material: Plastic Dimensions: ø 300 mm
Fence QT. : 1, protecting the ramp area Material: Aluminium tubes Dimensions: 18 m (L) x 600 (H) mm
Protective Grill (Type 2) QT. : 19, protecting shaft areas Material: Aluminium, a loose mesh Dimensions: 1400 (L) x 800 (H) mm
Hoarding QT. : Approx. 98 units Material: Wooden frame and wooden frame + laminated poster along Whitworth and Princess St.
cess St
reet
15 min. 10 min. 5 min.
Whitwort h Street
Protective Grill (Type 1) QT. : 19, protecting shaft areas Material: Aluminium, a loose mesh Dimensions: 1400 (L) x 800 (H) mm
Gate QT. : 4, two on Whitworth St., one on Princess St., one on Venice St. Dimensions: 7200 (L) x 2550 (H) mm
Skip
Container (Type 1)
Container (Type 2)
Fuel Barrels
Box (Type1)
QT. : 1 Material: Metal Capacity: 3 cubic meters
QT. : 2 Material: Plastic Dimensions: 650 (H), ø 300
and safety barrier elements Material: Plastic Dimensions: 700 (H), ø 300 mm
QT. : 3, grouped near the Princess St. entrance Material:Metal Capacity: 250 (L)
elements Material:Wood Dimensions: 700 (H), 600 (W) mm
Temporary Electrics Structure QT. : 1, adjacent to the Canal St. hoarding Material: Metal Dimensions: 3800(L) x 2700 (W) 2300 (H) mm
Temporary WC QT. : 1, adjacent to the Whitworth St. hoarding Material: Wood Dimensions: 1700(L) x 2300 (W) 2300 (H) mm
Phonebooth QT. : 2, adjacent to the Whitworth St. hoarding Material: Wood Dimensions: 1000(L) x 1000 (W) 2700(H) mm
Electrical Box QT. : 2, adjacent to the Whitworth St. hoarding Material: Wood Dimensions: 900(L) x 400 (W) 1000(H) mm
(Above) Stalled sites network across Manchester city centre area. Once the original construction process is resumed, the
Vegetation QT. : covering 4% of the entire site area (184 sqm)
Archiving the Interrupted - the overground physical remains trace the story behind a temporarily ceased construction process. This has informed the use of scaffolding as a primary infrastructural strategy in the
Conceptual Evolution
Cartesian Explorations
The Circular Camp
The Scaffolding Grid
Tensile Membrames
The Module
Public/Private Separation
Incremental Growth
Contained Chaos
Modular Infrastructure
Lightweight Interiors
Structural and Programmatic Dynamics
Landscaping Strategy
The Hut Container
Private/ Public Separation
Informal Appropriations
Spatial Distribution - Core Principles
Past
Future
| Commercial
Residential
Samuel Ogden Street
Samuel Ogden Street
Present
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et
Stre
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tree t
t
tree
tree
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sS
sS
kville
Sac
Prin
gdo
ces
t
tree
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Prin
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tree
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Can
Abin
Abin tree
sS
ces
1
2
Samuel Ogden Street
CAMP
The Gay Community
MARKET (Gay Village Extension)
PARK (Public Aspiration)
ROMA CAMP
COMPLEMENTARY
TEMPORARY
INCREMENTAL
t
tree
zil S
Bra
Samuel Ogden Street
High Economic Interaction / Controlled Social Interaction
t
MARKET (Village Extension)
Bra
Prin
High Economic Interaction / Low Social Interaction
t
t
tree
Stree
nS
gdo
Abin
gdon Abin
PARK / FAIRGROUND
High Economic Interaction / High Social Interaction
The Roma Community
Bra
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et
tre zil S
3
The Local Community
The scheme will aim to choreograph various degrees of social and economic interaction between the Local, the Gay and the Roma communities.
A programme required to provide the Roma community to develop and sustain its economic cycle.
The park as an area of mixed interaction, as a territory celebrating Roma and Gay communities.
A gradual, modular growth of the camp in accordance with the Roma family structure and kinship networks.
N
10m
30m
1:2000 @ A2 Location Plan 0
20m
60m
2
3 5
Second Underground Level 1:200 @ A2
A
7
N
1m
1
0
3m 2m
6m
4
9
8
6
1
Parts Inventory and Inspection
2
Scrap Metal Collection Vans Park-
3
Fluids Drainage and Storage Area
4
Chassis Storage Shelves
5
Disassembly Work Area and Work Sta-
6
Hazardous Material Storage
7
Tools Storage Area
8 9
Reusable Parts Storage Area
Large Scale Scrap Metal Recycling Centre - Car Dismantling Section S3
SD1 - 1:100 @ A2 Section through the central crane shaft indicating the connection between the existing underground stalled structure and the temporary scaffolding Roma camp, with the crane as a preserved piece of connective infrastructure.
SD1 Please see Technologies Report p. 41 for 38 for a 1:200 section image.
7
3
2
8
First Underground Level
10 9
1:200 @ A2
1 N
4
5
1m 0
6
C
3m 2m
6m
13
11
12
1
Scrap Metal Unloading Area
2
Ground Level Chutes
3
Mobile Carts Storage
4
Disassembly Area
5
Storage Area
6 7
Collection Vans Parking
8
Fairground Vans Parking
9
Tools Storage Area
10
Lockers
11 12
Plant Room
13
Reusable Parts Storage Area
Medium Scale Scrap Metal Recycling Centre
will be reduce to a minimum. Visual C - Small Foundry/ Metal Workshops - The scrap metal resulting from the disassembly process is remodelled in the metal workshops area. The Gypsies have been experts in all forms of metalwork, whether it be as tinsmiths, coppersmiths, silversmiths, or goldsmiths. They have been known as metalworkers from the beginning of their history, forging nails, arm, tools, and cooking equipment. The resulting products can be kept within the camp for domestic use or re-commercialized through the overground Labyrinth Area.
2
C 4
3
1
1:2 @ A2 Detailed Section of the PVC Curtain Railing System with Partial Overlap 1 - 4mm thick x 200mm wide pre-punched, hinged PVC curtain strips (pack in roll) 2 - 50mm aluminium wall mount sliding track 3 - mild-steel ‘hook-on’ hanging system 4 - encased sliding trolley
S1 S4 E1
E4
E4 E3
10
11
9
12
8
First Underground Level 6
1:200 @ A2
S3
S3
S2
S2
5
4
N
1m 0
3m 2m
6m
1 7
D
2
3
1
Scrap Metal Unloading Area
2
Communal Dining Area
3
Communal Kitchen
4
Secret Garden
5
Jewellery Workshop
6
Sowing Workshop
7
E2
E2
S1 S4 E1
E3
8
Roma Labyrith Commercial Area
9
Container Assembly Workshop
10
Container Storage Area
11
Village Extension Commercial Area
12
Fairground and Park Area
(E1) Western Elevation - Princess Street View
(Top) 3d Study - AllRound Layher scaffolding joining detail - a fast and non-bolted system, with up to eight connections at various angles. Reinterpreting elements of temporary construction infrastructure would allow for the community to easily erect and adapt the structure to the social dynamics patterns. (E2) Southern Elevation - Withworth Street
Please see Technologies Report p. 44 for additional technical details on the Layher Scaffolding System.
Tent - like textile membranes dress the top of the structural scaffolding. The same materiality concept rehearsed at a smaller scale, in the design of the Village Market.
The Labyrinth
Visual D - view through the Roma Labyrinth Area. The maze concept seeks to introduce a form of spatial organization that would control and at the same time encourage a new form of social interaction for the Roma community with the groups outside their cultural boundaries.
The entrance to the Roma commercial hive lies at the end of the Village Market walk, a testimony to the economic symbiosis between the Gay and the Roma Minorities. The labyrinth outlines the spatial and symbolic boundary between private and public, between pure and impure spaces and practices, in line with the Roma community’s need for intimacy and invisibility.
1
First Floor 1:200 @ A2
F N
1m 0
3m 2m
6m
4 G 5
E
3 2
6 1
Suspended Garden Allotments
2
Sitting Areas
3
Garden Tools Storage Huts
4
Secret Garden
5
Tensile Funnel Water Pipe
6
Stairs and Scissorlifts Modules
1:200 @ A2 Eastern Elevation - Venice Street
The Funnel - With its dynamic, tent-inverted form, the water-collection funnel creates naturally illuminated areas, complementing the ‘secret garden’ lightwell. A rainwater container located on the second underground level supplies the water for the irrigation of green spaces.
1:200 @ A2 Northern Elevation - Canal Street
View across the footbridge connecting Canal Street and the Village Market Area. Tensile membrane canopies extend towards the Canal, creating a protective space for relaxed social interaction.
The Suspended Gardens
SD2 - 1:50 @ A2 Detailed Section through the Labyrinth, Garden and Residential Floors
1
3
4
7
10
6
8
1.12m x 2.3m scissoor lift system
345-
window made of 2 x 4+4 25.2 polycarbonate panel perforated non-slip steel deck planks 0.32m x 4.14 m pre-treated timber decking 100/150 x 19 mm s with 75/100 x 50 mm bearers at 450 mm centres
7-
150 mm planting medium; suspended sprinkler system with 100 mm diameter sprinkler supply pipe and 2.5 m spacing between sprinklers
10 -
300 mm
Please see Technologies Report p. 49 for key scaffolding connections and other adapted systems.
2
5
1-
9
Section S3
SD2
The Funnel
9
1:20 @ A1 Detailed Section of the First Floor Garden 2345689Visual F - View across the gardening alotment areas.
5mm EPDM waterproof membrane Safeguard root barrier Drainage layer ‘L’ sheet metal edge 40 mm pea gravel layer moisture retention layer 70mm extensive media substrate with plantings pre-treated timber decking 100/150 x 19 mm with 75/100 x 50 mm bearers at 450 mm centres
1 2
3 4
6
2
5 7
1:50 @ A1 Detailed Section of the Tensile Membrane Funnel Water Collection System 1 - 30mm diameter steel cable connection to exterior scaffolding 2 - 35mm diameter steel stabiliser cable 3 - 40 mm diameter steel wind suction cable coating, natural white 5 - 500 mm diameter/ 35 mm interior column, steel tube, galvanised, coated 6 - 200 mm diameter compression ring, steel tube, galvanized, coated 7 - timber bench Please see Technologies Report p. 51 for a detailed explanation of the water collection and distribution system.
Visual G - The Secret Garden
6
7
8 4
1
2 3
5
H
I
Second, Third and Fourth Floor 1:200 @ A2 N
1m 0
3m 2m
6m
The Residential Huts
a 5
4
1
2
3
b
6
c Visual I - Polycarbonate roof windows (4) lining the external facade of each module ensure the amount of natural light
a b 7
1:20 @ A1 Detailed Section of a Residential Unit 1-
vertical and horizontal structure made of
2-
50mm 70kg/m3 mineral insulation board
4-
25 mm cellular polycarbonate window panels
6-
window made of 2 x 4+4 glass on 25.2 mm ‘L’
78-
perforated non-slip steel deck planks 0.32m x 4.14 m 250 mm Allround modular truss system
c 8
Please see Technologies Report p. 39 for additional technical drawings of the Residential Hut.
1:200 @ A2 Section S1 revealing the ambiental qualities of the funnel walkway and four-unit residential modules.
1:200 @ A2 Section S2 through the central lightwell and the two-unit residential modules.
Roof Plan 1:200 @ A2 N
1m 0
3m 2m
6m
Please see Technologies Report p. 42 for key roof detailed drawings.
Southern Elevation
Eastern Elevation
Northern Elevation
Western Elevation
1:500 @ A2
1:1000 @ A2 Whitworth Street Elevation
Princess Street Elevation
Rochdale Canal Elevation
The focus on temporary, adaptable, shared spaces challenges the sedentary predisposition The approach is driven by the idea that architecture functions as an ideology in built they are tools that enable the communities that use architecture to carve their identities
Venice Street Approach
1:200 Model Princess Street Approach
View from Canal Street
Aerial View
View from Samuel Ogden Street
View from Whitworth Street
Approach from Canal Street
Approach from Venice Street
‘In Limbo’ does not propse a strategy about pristine, perfectly aligned spaces and sleek technologies, but an exploration of the imperfect, of the random and the improvised - a breathing, ever-changing structure that echoes the unconventional ways of the Romani people and their ability to adapt in any given environment.
Canal Street View
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES PART II Submission Portfolio Report
[Intimate Cities] 2013/2014 Laura Minca
Report Contents
5.2
5.3
p.4
p.14
p.35
p.38
Case Study
Contextual Analysis
Construction
Technical Detailing
p.17
p.21
p.46
p. 53
Programme
Precedent Analysis
Structural Composition
Environment and Energy
p. 27
Structure & Material Choice
p. 27
Building Description
p. 55
Heating, Sewage & Ventilation
p. 59
Fire Strategy
CONSTRUCTION - SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
Architects play a key role in solving social challenges – one that goes beyond their roles as creators of forms or iconic architecture. On a global scale, the economic platform on which architecture operates has shifted. Improving the quality of our cities, striving toward urban sustainability and offering lifestyle solutions for the rational use of resources and land are only some of the areas where it is within the architect’s power to make a change.
5.3
The Roma Camp has been designed as an expression of ad-hoc improvisation, in line with current visions of an innovative form of sustainable architecture, and drawing its value and spatial qualities from the unpredictability that the social component brings to the design and construction process. Most importantly. it is the material choice and construction techniques that ensure the scheme fully engages with current issues of Climate Change and resource depletion.
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES
AllRound Layher aluminum scaffolding is primarily comprised of previously used scaffolding and is fully recyclable.
IN LIMBO An Exploration of the Stagnant Urban Condition in Relation to the Future Nomadic Drifting Trends
PVC Curtain Strips represent an practical, cost-effective alternative to hard-surface materials such as glazing in the environmental control of the scheme.
ePTFE Lightweight Roof Structure - fast construction, smaller foundations, easily opened, extended, relocated.
The use of such tensile materials help qualify for energy saving, costs can be reduced when natural light is transmitted through light. Other advantages of using e-PTFE as part of the roof design include: - Energy Savings through natural light transmission; - Material Conservation via minimum mass design; - Lower fuel consumption for shipment;
Norbord OSB internal partitioning walls and external residential container lining: with the amount of carbon stored in wood panels, they are highly carbon negative, making OSB a truly sustainable green building product. OSB uses small diameter trees (approx 10-15 years old) in the forest thinning process so is a more sustainable forestry practice. Most plywood is shipped from Far East and South America which means the product is incurring shipping miles. Norbord is the only UK manufacturer of OSB, which means fewer carbon transportation miles.
Polycarbonate Sheeting in structure and in the roof design of the residential containers. Polycarbonate sheeting systems are a design and sustainability conscious technology. Among design needs. It is completely recyclable and often made of recycled materials.
revolution, smog and heat levels – know as the urban heat island effect – have increased in major cities. With its intense vegetation, this system helps control the rise in temperature, make the air cleaner and managing the water resulted from rainfall.
‘In Limbo’ does not propose a strategy birthing pristine, perfectly aligned spaces and sleek technologies, but an exploration of the imperfect, of the random and the improvised - a breathing, ever-changing structure that echoes the unconventional ways of the Romani people and their ability to adapt in any given environment.”
36
1:200 model exploring the structural relationship between the maximum truss - span of
Series of 3D computer modeling studies of the structural
blue), service cores and circulation elements (grey).
1:100 model developing the relationship between the scaffolding structure, the residential container and the PVC curtain strip facade.
37
FINAL SPATIAL STRATEGY AND MASSING PROPOSAL
The scheme aims to choreograph various types of interaction between the three local communities (the Roma, the Gay and the Local) (a) the Village Market - a programmatic extension of Canal Street as a visual rehearsal of the Roma Camp design at a smaller scale. gardens’. (c) The Roma Camp - the modularity of the scaffolding grid allows for unlimited structural permutations, adapting to the spatial needs of its inhabitants.
Axonometric views
(c) Ve n
(a)
t
et
itw orth
St re
n Ca
t
Wh
Stre e
ice
e re St al
St re e
t
Ve n
ice
(b)
t
ee tr sS
s ce
in
Ca n
al
Str e
Pr et
Pr
in
ce ss
et
St re
et
hit
re St rth
wo
W
Aerial view of the scheme within the immediate urban context.
38
1:20 @ A3 Detailed Section through the Ground Floor Labyrinth Area
11
12
10
1-
external scaffolding structural bays (1.5m x1.5m x 2m)
2-
internal scaffolding colonnade bays for structural support and natural lighting maximizing (1.5m x1.5m x 2m)
3-
250 x 7500 mm long trusses, reinforcing the scaffolding structure
4-
PVC curtain strips delineating the entrance in the Roma Labyrinth area. Also used for the weathering protection of the upper residential levels, lining the inside of the scaffolding structure.
5-
12 mm Fibralith board
6 - OSB (22mm external, 18mm internal) and insulation foam core (120 mm) walls with outward opening awning windows 7 - 800 mm galvanized service core pipe (water, sewage and electricity ) for the upper residential levels
9
in favor of a denser truss system. 9-
2 8
10 - structural roof pylon (900 mm in diameter at ground level), running through the core of an external structural bay
4
11 - mast element supporting the ePTFE tent membrane.
7
12 - stabilizing suspension cables transmitting the load from the peak of each tent unit to the top of the pylons
1 5
4 6
decking system
5 3
programmes.
39
1:250 @ A3 Section CC 1-
AllRound Layher Scaffolding (1.5m x 1.5m x 2m) primary structure with 250 mm Allround modular truss system
2 - perforated non-slip steel deck planks 0.32m x 4.14 m 3-
4mm thick x 200mm wide pre-punched, sliding PVC curtain strips (pack in roll)
5-
green roof system with pre-treated timber decking
6 - 400mm existing reinforced concrete slab
4
7 - outer and inner layer, 22mm OSB board partition walls with 120mm foam core
c
d
8 - outer and inner layer, 22mm OSB vertical and horizontal structure made
1
3 2
8 e
b
g
5 f a
h3
40
9 7
6
1:100 @ A3 Elevations of the Residential Hut 2
Stabilizing Cables
2950 mm
2750 mm
4200 mm
1
2440 mm
Supporting Pylon
1200 mm
250 mm
ePTFE Tensile Membrane
4500 mm
Staircase
OSB Residential Hut
4 1350 mm
Perforated Steel Decking
3 13150 mm 12450 mm
PVC Curtain Strips 5
1200 mm
1150 mm 1200 mm
Scissor Lift 500 mm
1-
400 mm
22 mm outer OSB board panels 2440 x 1200 mm
2 - small boiler unit
WC and Shower
Kitchenette
Bedroom 2
3 - adjustable base plate 4-
glass window on 25.2 mm ‘L’ galvanized Bedroom 1
Polycarbonate Panels External Scaffolding Structure
5-
25 mm cellular polycarbonate window panels
Living an Dining Area
OSB Ground Floor Walls 1:100 @ A3 Plan View of the Residential Hut
41
Bedroom 3
6
8
a
6
3
9
7
5
2
1
10
the concrete slab. The dimensions of the footplate are 150 x 150 mm, with a maximum spindle travel of 55 cm .
14
1:20 @ A3 Detailed Section through the Ground Floor Labyrinth Area 1-
22 mm outer OSB board
4
2 - 120 mm Insulation Foam Core - expanded polystyrene (EPS) rigid foam
4-
12 x 6 cm horizontal timber beam
5-
12 mm Fibralith board
13
8 - 250 mm Allround modular truss system
12 the AllRound Connection 10 - 18 mm OSB board for internal lining 11 - Layher scaffolding adjustable base plate (screw jack)
11
13 - awning OSB ‘hidden’ window with a 430 mm opening
42
1:2 @ A3 Detailed Section of the PVC Curtain Railing System connect to the primary scaffolding system 2
1 - 44 mm galvanised steel scaffolding clamp 234-
41mm aluminum scaffolding tube
40mm aluminum wall mount sliding track
4mm thick x 200mm wide pre-punched, hinged PVC curtain strips (pack in roll)
4
1
3
1
2
5-
reinforcing plate
6-
garlock neoprene
2
6 1 5
5
3
1:2 @ A3 Detailed Section of the PVC curtain railing System connected to an underground concrete beam 1-
4mm thick x 200mm wide pre-punched, hinged PVC curtain strips (pack in roll)
2-
50mm aluminum wall mount sliding track
3-
mild-steel ‘hook-on’ hanging system
4-
encased sliding trolley
3
4
43
4
c1
c1
2 1
d
c2
c2
1:100 @ A2 Section through the top residential level of a two-unit module.
d (Above) 1:50 @ A3 Detailed Sections of the Supporting Pylon (Left) 1:50 @ A3 Detailed Sections of the Tensile Tent Membrane Mast
1
3 1-
30mm diameter steel cable connection between tent mast and supporting pylons
galvanised, coated
4
white 4200 mm diameter compression ring, steel tube, galvanized, coated, suspended with eight cables from four adjacent pylons.
44
Aluminium Standards, diameter 48.3 x 4.0 mm, with rosettes at every 50 cm for a maximum of eight connections. Four small openings in the rosette determine right-angled connections, four larger openings permit connections at any angles.
250 mm high x 7.5 m long Layher scaffolding aluminum beams . For longer spans, beams can be joined with spigots (lattice beam connectors) secured with hinged pins, lattice girder bolts with
The spacing of the diagonals on the lattice girders allows for connection of couplers to the top and bottom chords.
1.5m
1.5m
1.5 m ledgers, functioning both guardrails and bracing elements no ledgers are required at deck level, which reduces the number of components required compared with other systems, saving weight and cost.
Perforated, non-slip steel decks 0.32m x 4.14. Layher decks are a structural element and so ledgers are not required at deck level, saving cost and weight. A lift-off preventer locks the decks against lift-off and make longitudinal ledgers unnecessary. This material and weight saving creates additional assembly and
The diagonal braces with wedge brace the basic system together through their high connection values.
6.2
5m
Durable and very strong, with a high load bearing capacity – thanks to the perforated surface - high estimated in industrial use.
2m
AllRound Stairway Tower, 500 (public areas and escape stairway tower) Constructed using standard Layher Allround components (standards, ledgers, diagonals and decks) with a few additional components (stairway stringers, deck locking clamps and handrails).
1.5 m
For an escape stairway tower, 150 people can be allocated to one meter of
Toe-boards are positioned between vertical standards, and are available in steel, aluminum or wood (which can be branded). The
with 300 people.
design, there are no gaps between the toe-board and deck. scaffolding bay 2.57 m long and 2.0 m high.
Normal handrails or childproof handrails can be used. Height is adjustable and stair width can be varied by using different width decks for treads.
The base collar with rosette together with the height-adjustable base plate form the scaffolding base. The vertical standard is then placed into the base collar for further construction.
45
(a) Sliding the wedge head over the rosette and inserting the wedge into the opening immediately secures the component (b). A hammer blow to the wedge transforms the loose connection into a strong structurally rigid one (c). The four small punched-out openings in the rosette automatically centre the ledger at right angles (d).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2
3
6 1
5 7 4 8
2
1
Scaffolding Connection 3D study model - The AllRound connector allows for up to 8 connections to be structurally achieved on one level and at
1- cross member 2 - rosette or anchoring plate 3 - central aperture 4 - radially arranged cut-outs 5- tubular member (48 mm diameter) 6 - end attachment of a tubular member 7 - key, shim or wedge 8 - transverse groove or slot
3
4
4
7
grime.
5 1
2
1-
48 mm diameter aluminum standard
2-
40 mm diagonal braces connected to the central rosette.
3 - Layher ring system - the wedge head and standard are matched to ensure central loading. 3
46
Technologies - Special Emphasis
a 5 5
4
1
2
4
3
1
2
1:50 @ A3 Detailed Section of a Residential Unit
b
6
c
1-
vertical and horizontal structure made of
34-
18 mm inner OSB board lining 25 mm cellular polycarbonate window panels
56-
outer layer, 22mm OSB board window made of 2 x 4+4 glass on 25.2 mm ‘L’
78-
perforated non-slip steel deck planks 0.32m x 4.14 m 250 mm Allround modular truss system
3
a 1
b 6
7
c 8 1
47
STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION Stage 1: Stalled structure appropriation and terrain preparation
the structure. The footprint of the residential modules (adapted to the programmatic organization of each structural strength of the building body.
Roof Level
Fourth Floor
Third Floor
Stage 2: Ground Floor Scaffolding Erection
Second Floor
First Floor
Ground Floor
48
Stage 5: First Floor - The installation of the ‘Suspended Gardens’
Stage 6: First Floor - The truss load-bearing system and the perforated metal decks are installed.
49
Stage 9: Third Floor - As the kinship networks expand, the second layer of residential containers is distributed.
Stage 8: Second Floor - The scaffolding structure is extended to accommodate the next level of the structure.
50
Stage 11: Fourth Floor - Tent - shaped ePTFE membranes dress the top of the structural scaffolding. In order to avoid central masts under the peaks of the tents, 35 m high pylons (900 mm in diameter at ground level and 350 mm diameter at their peak), are placed at the corner of the tent unit. Moreover, the tent peaks are held by four sets of suspension and stabilizing cables connected to the mast tops.
51
OTHER SYSTEMS
h2
1
1
1
2
h1
2 6
2
6
3
3
h2 3
5 4
4
1:5 @ A3 Detail of the Connective Hook 1 - 48 mm scaffolding tube
1:5 @ A3 Detail of the Galvanized Steel Hook
2- connective hook (adapted for clothing lines and hammocks)
1 - 48 mm scaffolding tube
3 - 50 mm galvanised steel scaffolding clamp
2- 4 mm plate thickness cuff , 35 mm wide 3 - stainless steel ‘S’ hook 4 - 100 x 50 mm carabiner to support seats with ropes or rings on top 5 - nylon bearing 6 - bolt M10 and safety nut
1:50 @ A3 Detail of the Labyrinth Market Stall h1
4 - PVC tent membrane, natural white 2- 58 x 2 mm beam
5 - galvanized steel cable with fastener
3 - 50 x 2 mm column
h3
4 1000 mm
1
5
2
2900 mm
3 Corner Detail
2800 mm
52
ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY
NORTH Little sunshine - Cold winds during winter
to maximise the amount of daylighting, while preserving appropriate levels of internal temperature and visual comfort. Based on the sunshade studies analysed during an earlier chapter of this report, the footprint of the build space covers the on-site area with the highest natural light levels, while the park has been oriented and landscaped to connect to the immediate street life.
Storage and Sorting Area Workshops
A
Section AA: The sun is absorbed by the south-facing facade
21st January 8:00
Section BB: The north sunlight is directed towards the central courtyard area.
21st January 11:30
B
WEST Elevation exposed to weather conditions. b
Village Market Storage Areas
Private Main Entrance Kitchen and Dining Areas Workshops c
21st January 19:00
(a) A B 21st June 8:00
21st June 11:30
21st June 19:00
(b)
a
21st September 8:00
21st September 11:30
EAST Morning Sun, Pleasant temperatures during summer, Cold during winter
21st September 19:00
(c)
SOUTH Elevation with most advantages Play and Lounge Areas Residential Huts , south-facing
53
DAY LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL LIGHTING
Although dense structurally, the porosity of the scaffolding structure (1) as well as the use of clear PVC curtain strips (2) combined with a lightweight tent membrane roof (3), ensure the interior levels receive
Perforated, non-slip steel decks (0.32m x 4.14) ensure that light travels vertically through the residential container levels.
Polycarbonate panels incorporated in the roof design of the residential huts ensure maximize the amount of natural light into domestic spaces.
Polycarbonate panels complementing the Ground
Structural scaffolding colonnades running through the centre of the modules direct natural light through the central courtyard spaces.
programme-adapted material choices such as polycarbonate panels (4, 5) and perforated steel decks (6).
3
4
market area and primary living spaces.
1
2
6
5
Clear PVC curtain strips allow the light to travel to the weather protection.
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The natural white ePTFE tent membranes allow a high level of light transmissability. Light transmission from the sun will light the interior space, while light transmission from the interior can create a dramatic exterior effect.
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
1: 100 @ A3 Sectional Detail of Water Collection Funnel
8 - timber bench
1 - compression ring, steel tube, galvanised, coated
9 - 150 mm downpipe, steel sheet metal, galvanised, coated 10 - 6000 L rainwater collection tank
galvanised, coated 4 - 41 mm diameter stabiliser cable steel, PVC Mantle 5 - 45 W LED Lamps with 8mm steel sheet metal, galvanised, coated support
12 - 200 mm pipe, steel sheet metal, galvanised, coated 13 - sprinkler distributor pipe 14 - 90 mm pendant sprinkler head
6
13
1 14
7 - rainwater container, 30 mm steel, galvanised, coated
2
4
3 5
collected in the PTFE coated funnel, and stored in a water collection tank. With the aid of a pump station, the harvested water is redirected towards the upper level of the structure where it is distribute through an installed sprinkler system.
1
7 8
9 12
11
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10
HEATING, VENTILATION AND SEWAGE SYSTEMS
(a) 3
Small Heating Unit
(b) 5 4
2
Cold Water Pipe 1
Residential Hut Local Heating Unit The hot water pipes (1) heat the outdoor air supplied by the fan unit (3) powered by local electricity cables (4). The air is directed throgh a hot water vented cylinder (2) with the resulting heated air is lead to the internal domestic spaces.
Hot Water Pipe Local Cold Water Pipe
Service Shaft
(a) Main Sewage Pipe
HVAC Unit
Main Cold Water Pipe
3
Ground Floor Heating and Water Supply For warm and cold water supply: Cold water is directed through the water heating unit (1) and then directed towards the upper levels of the structure. Cold water (2) is supplied directly through the main service shaft.
Local Sewage Pipe
supply through a hot water vented cylinder (4). The sinuous hot water pipes heat the air which is guided towards the spaces requiring thermal control (5).
2
General Servicing Strategy Red (Warm) - Spaces requiring heating, but requiring no 3 1
Blue (Cold) - Spaces requiring no heating, but requiring Yellow (Open) - Spaces requiring no heating or ventilation interventions
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4
Residential Hut Local Heating Unit The hot water pipes (1) heat the outdoor air supplied by the fan unit (3) powered by local electricity cables (4). The air is directed through a hot water vented cylinder (2) with the resulting heated air is lead to the internal domestic spaces.
Axonometric view of the 800 mm diameter central galvanised steel columns servicing the
57
(a)
Residential Level: the hot air inside the living modules is released through the window openings. While the PVC the overall lightness and porosity of the structure, secure a permanent form of natural ventilation.
a 10 mm gap
a 20 mm overlap
preserved through an increase of the PVC curtain facade overlap to 20 mm. In addition, the PVC facade incorporates a sliding channel that allows for the internal ventilation control.
(b)
58
FIRE STRATEGY: Means of Escape
The building has been designed and constructed so that there are appropriate provisions and means of escape to a place of safety outside the (a) The safe escape distances for the ground
32 m 11 m
21 m
29 m
28 m
limits provided by the Part B regulations for buildings other than dwellings. With most
14 m
8m
39 m
18 m
20
34 m 38 m
25 m 20 m
7m
20m
30 m
18 m
44 m
than one direction, the maximum distances span up to 45 m.
15 m
m
15 m 25 m
25 m
15 m
37.5 m
10 m
9m
12 m
20 m
(b)The use of perforated steel decking, the 30mm PVC curtain strip spacing and the overall porosity of the scaffolding structure, allow for high levels of natural ventilation and escape access stairway, with traveling distances conforming to the guidance provided by Part B of the Building Regulations document. All doors open in the direction of escape.
500 mm
Stairway Tower - 150 people can be allocated to one meter of
400 mm
for a building with 300 people. With each residential hut accommodating a maximum of 6 family members, a residential Kitchenette Bedroom 2
WC and Shower
8.5 m
10.5
three residential levels can house a maximum of 300 people, in
m
Fire Performances (Materials) : 8.5 m
Bedroom 1
Living an Dining Area
- > 1 hour
Bedroom 3
hazards. The perforated steel decks are employed instead of
1:100 @ A3 Plan View of the Residential Hut
requirements.
The plan of each residential hut has been organized so that the travel distances from the entrance door to any point in any of the habitable rooms does not exceed 9m, except for bedroom 3, where the distance spans 10.5m. In addition, the bedrooms are separated from the living accommodation
This makes PVC particularly suitable for rigid applications including windows, doors and cladding. membrane that currently meets the US and UK model building codes of non-combustible materials.
59
FIRE STRATEGY: Compartmentation and Equipment
The provision of other safety measures such as Kitchenette
40.8 m2
C.P.
33.8 m2
WC and Shower
Bedroom 2
90.2 m2
According to Part B of the Building Regulations, smoke alarms are to be positioned in the circulation spaces between sleeping spaces and places where
Bedroom 1
503 m2 C.P. 120.18m2
increase the level of safety by automatically giving
33.8 m2
Living an Dining Area
Bedroom 3
rooms), while also being close enough to bedroom doors to be effective while occupant are asleep.
60.48 m2 90 m2
Smoke Detector F.C.P C.P.
592.2
in turn should help the occcupants to evacuate the building. This is achieved by dividing the
Call Point
products of combustion, smoke, heat, and toxic gases.
Fire Sounder C.P.
line with the building regulations guidance (max. 2000m2), by OSB compartment walls. Every wall compartment forms a complete barrier between the compartments they separate.
F.A.P
Call Point Fire Control Panel
Safety Regulations
Part I, J & K: Electrical and Welding Safety
Scaffolding and Electrical Work
Part N & R: Cranes and Hoisting
Part L & M: Fall Protection and Safe Scaffolds
Tool regulations state that all power tools must be properly maintained and used only as intended. These tools must also be electrically grounded or double-insulated to reduce the risk of shock. The electrical section covers the proper labeling and maintenance of electrical systems, as well as safe equipment mounting and clearances. Welding regulations specify that proper ventilation must be provided, and that suitable eye protection must be worn. All welders must be trained to use the equipment, and hazardous materials like lead and
When scaffolding is used at a construction site, employers must provide fall protection, guardrails, crossbracing, midrails, footing, platforms and inspect the scaffolding for compliance and safety before and after every work shift. Additionally, employers must also prevent electrical hazards by ensuring workers are properly educated on electrical safety and that all electrical work is constructed and installed in a way that minimizes electrical dangers.
Regulations on the use of cranes and hoisting are covered in Subparts N and R. These regulations specify how cranes and other hoisting equipment must be inspected for safety before each use. They must be inspected, maintained, and operated by trained personnel, and all routes must be preplanned to avoid working directly over any employees. Adequate clearance must be provided so that the machine can operate safely, and only one item may be hoisted at one time. Most importantly, all cranes, lifts, and other hoisting devices may not be loaded beyond their posted capacity.
Subparts L and M instruct workers on how to prevent falls and how to create safe scaffolding systems. One of the most widely applicable regulations relating to fall protection states that guardrails or safety harnesses must be used whenever workers will be on a surface higher than 6 feet (1.8 m) above the ground. The same is true for those working near excavations deeper than 6 feet (1.8 m), or those working close to dangerous equipment. Scaffolding regulations cover employee training, scaffold testing, and the most appropriate
conditions.
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Approach from Whitworth Street
61
62