ENERGY MASTER PLAN KU Lawrence Fall 2018
KU Operations Phil Ellsworth, University Engineer Shawn Harding, Director of Facilities Services Cassidy Kuhn, Energy Conservation Behavior Specialist Eric Nelson, Waste Reduction Manager Jeff Severin, Director of Campus Planning & Sustainability George Werth, Energy Program Manager
WHY AN ENERGY PLAN? This energy plan is not a static document but rather a long-term blueprint to focus and guide efforts and actions toward a defined energy vision. Such a plan articulates goals, develops strategies and actions to meet the goals, and identifies and allocates resources to assure effective completion of these strategies.
VISION
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STRATEGIES
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PL AN NI NG
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GOALS
ACTIONS
This energy plan provides a holistic, comprehensive methodology of planning for KU’s campus’ current and future energy needs, instead of ‘one off’ successes.Wanting to forgo a fragmentary approach to Campus Operations, Facilities Services, Facilities Planning and Design, the Energy Office, and the Center for Sustainability, this energy plan is meant to be implemented to avoid piecemeal, duplicative efforts in order to better plan for, monitor, and continually improve the energy vision for the Lawrence campus. The result: saved time and money that can be continuously reinvested to implement
ENERGY MASTER PLAN
additional energy conservation measures, many of which can address the deferred maintenance backlog and improve the safety and comfort of students, faculty, and staff.
The KU Lawrence Energy Master Plan improves efficiency of campus facilities,
encourages conservation behaviors, and guides all departments toward shared
goals for energy performance.
Each of the Energy Master Plan’s goals incorporates the goals and intentions of the
CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
Campus Master Plan and the Campus Sustainability Plan. Also, the energy plan expands upon the current energy conservation program to be more holistic and collaborative. The Energy Master Plan is preceded by the adoption of those campus plans and documents and excerpts from them are referenced below each energy plan goal. The Energy Master Plan reflects the university’s commitment to energy conservation and is supported and implemented by the Provost Office. CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
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ENERGY USAGE In order to develop a plan that will achieve the energy vision, it is important to know where KU is now. Then goals, strategies, and actions identified later in the Energy Master Plan can be informed by and built on the current energy use and supply data.
CAMPUS ENERGY USE FY18 ELECTRICITY
45% 55% NATURAL GAS
As the Lawrence Campus grows with additional new buildings, so does the energy costs. The impact on the Campus Operations budget with these new additions could have been severe. Fortunately, KU put in place energy conservations measures five years ago that helped reduce KU’s energy costs. Using FY2013 as a baseline, KU avoided paying over $800,000 in energy in FY2018 alone. Although energy costs have risen with the new buildings, the impact to the Campus Operations budget isn’t as extreme as it could have been.
CAMPUS ENERGY COSTS $15,000,000
$13,498,735 $12,739,714
$12,933,428
$12,818,845
$12,658,302
15,000,000
$12,603,423
$12,500,000
125,00,000
$10,000,000
8,526,594 7,058,279
7,058,2797
,089,157
7,392,776
10,000,000
7,456,247
$7,500,000
7,500,000
$5,000,000
5,000,000
$2,500,000
2,500,000
$0 ENERGY COSTS
AREA (FT2)
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BATCC ENERGY COST AVOIDANCE* $900000 $781,599$
$787500
773,338
$675000 $562500
$506,569
$450000 $337500
$260,875 $189,638
$225000 $112500 $0
$0 ENERGY COST AVOIDANCE
*note: FY2013 is the baseline year. We adjust the baseline to current weather conditions to estimate what we WOULD HAVE USED without an energy management program. This is called BATCC—Baseline Adjusted to Current Conditions. Then we subtract the current FY’s actual bills from the BATCC. The difference in the cost values is “Cost Avoidance”.
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VISION The KU Lawrence campus will be a leader in providing energy efficient, responsible, and cost effective operations.
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GOALS GOAL 1.0 - Reduce KU Lawrence campus’ energy consumption below 2015 usage levels despite projected growth. KU will employ energy conservation efforts, modernize aged building systems, and create an operational culture of conservation to reach the goal of consuming less energy on campus. Since 92% of KU’s utility bill is attributed to energy costs, the goal for existing buildings is to achieve less than 100 kBTU/ft2. This will require an ongoing program of retrofits and retro-commissioning of approximately 80% of the existing buildings. We have tackled many upgrades to building controls, lighting, heat exchangers, chillers, and other infrastructure. Precedent goals: Campus Sustainability Plan – Page 28, Energy Goal 2: Reduce energy consumption throughout campus
Campus Master Plan – Page 232, Chapter 4, Sustainable Concepts #5: Aggressively continue the campus program for investment in reducing building energy consumption or demand. Campus Master Plan - Page 232, Chapter 4, Sustainable Concepts #1: Develop peak demand data and use to ensure that the university has improved understanding of the capacity of existing equipment to support power, steam, and chilled water demand.
STRATEGY 1.1 – Increase Energy Data Reporting ACTION STEPS: a. Simplify bill entry process and reporting process b. Make energy information easily accessible to students, building occupants, and operational staff (FS and FPD) c. Utilize energy reports to help identify opportunities for continuous improvement d. Utilize energy reports to increase communication between and engage with campus departments e. Track and report implemented Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) savings, highlighting wins and providing a feedback loop to those initiating the idea or involved in the process.
STRATEGY 1.2 – Establish a Prioritization Process for Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) ACTION STEPS: a. b.
Conduct individual building assessments utilizing the knowledge of KU’s FS and FPD staff to identify opportunities for improvement Collect equipment information from the Facilities Condition Assessment 6
c.
Create an ECM list like DM150 and regularly add or update ECMs. ECMs can include
• Install LEDs • Upgrade building HVAC equipment • Optimize chilled water system • Conduct steam trap maintenance • Reassess start-up sequences on mechanical equipment • Install Direct Digital Controls (DDC) for Building Automation System d. Create a prioritization matrix that includes but is not limited to implementation cost, reliability, energy savings, estimated life cycle costs, maintenance impacts, and customer comfort quality e. Share the prioritization matrix for R&R allocation
STRATEGY 1.3 – Create an Energy Conservation Measure (ECM) Implementation Process Loop ACTION STEPS: a. b. c. d. e. f.
Reference the prioritization matrix (Strategy 1.2d) for highest priority ECMs Gather and meet with all Campus Operation departments affected by the top priority ECMs to decide on ECMs to implement Establish an implementation schedule matched to funding and other resources for ECMs Develop a budget process to capture savings from energy conservation projects to reinvest in future initiatives (Strategy 4.1a) Report on ECM progress to the initiator of the ECM idea, those involved in the process, and all Campus Operation departments affected by the ECM, which includes but is not limited to energy reports (Strategy 1.1e) Each ECM project should be evaluated through a post project assessment report and an actual life cycle cost analysis
STRATEGY 1.4 – Efficiently Use Campus Space a. b. c. d.
ACTION STEPS: Unoccupy as many spaces as possible during school breaks or off-peak times Consolidate summer classes to buildings already being cooled and implement an energy smart classroom scheduling process Separate spaces by use in order to manage HVAC systems more effectively. Examples of spaces are labs, classrooms, offices, performing arts, sports, museums, and archives Evaluate space use and dismantle buildings with high operations cost, low use, and redundant space
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STRATEGY 1.5 – Lower Peak Demand
ACTION STEPS:
a. b. c. d.
Analyze peak energy demand occurrences and determine associated root causes since a portion of KU’s energy rates are determined by its peak usagesince a portion of KU’s energy rates are determined by its peak usage Explore ways to shave the peak demand including: • New technologies like onsite energy generation and storage • ECMs • Energy conservation behavior programs Develop a prioritization process for peak shavings similar to Strategy 1. 2 Develop an implementation process loop for peak shavings similar to Strategy 1.3
STRATEGY 1.6 – Improve Policy and Practice
ACTION STEPS:
a. Regularly train operators to increase knowledge of energy efficient operations b. Review energy policy and implement stringent standards c. Create and execute an educational campaign to educate occupants on updated policy d. Establish an implementation schedule matched to funding and other resources for energy conservation behavior programs with building occupants e. Review purchasing policy to incorporate energy costs and life cycle analysis
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GOAL 2.0 - Establish and execute a policy for campus construction that ensures net utility growth will not exceed 2015 levels. New construction will meet or exceed ASHRAE 90.1 + 30% and will invest in reducing campus’ existing utility consumption and/or invest in renewables to ensure a net utility growth after the construction is complete. Each project represents opportunities for implementing new energy efficiency strategies and policies, reinforcing the existing infrastructure, and meeting various disparate service needs of the larger University. Precedent goals: Campus Sustainability Plan – Page 27, Energy Objective 1.1: Update standards for existing building and new construction to support a more sustainable built environment
Campus Master Plan - Page 235, Chapter 4, Long-Term Goals #1: Continued movement to ensure that all new construction meets or exceeds the campus standard of ASHRAE 90.1 + 30%.
Campus Master Plan - Page 235, Chapter 4, Long-Term Goals #6: Construction of a system of regional chiller plants to support new growth and serve as replacement capacity for the retirement of antiquated unitary chillers.
STRATEGY 2.1 – Update Building Design Standards
ACTION STEPS:
a. Include and enforce ASHRAE 90.1 + 30% in design standards to eliminate ‘value engineering’ compromises that reduce efficiency and increase associated maintenance inputs b. Revise design standards to add ASHRAE bEQ and include a formal follow-up or accountability process to ensure Measurement & Verification of expected energy performance to actual energy performance c. Update energy policy to include execution of FPD design standards for energy efficiency
STRATEGY 2.2 – Create a policy for New Development Energy Offsets
ACTION STEPS:
a. Write a formal policy explaining energy demanded by new construction will be offset through efficiency retrofits to older buildings and/or investing in renewables, resulting in a net zero increase in campus energy use from new development b. Add the formal policy to the Policy Library and receive Provost support and implementation c. Create a funding model that allows new development to invest in retrofits or renewables (Strategy 4.1e) 9
GOAL 3.0 - Pursue a 100% energy supply from renewables In order to move toward sustainable energy use, we must transition from our current
reliance on coal and natural gas by incorporating renewable energy on-site and through
development and procurement of off-site renewable energy sources. Precedent goals: Campus Sustainability Plan – Page 29, Energy Goal 3: Transition from our current carbon-based system to a reliable renewable energy system.
Campus Master Plan - Page 232, Chapter 4, Projected Needs #9: The University purchases electricity that is largely coal-based, which is typical for Kansas. This represents dual problems of price uncertainty and a level of greenhouse gas emissions that conflict with the university’s stated objectives for sustainability. KU continues to evaluate alternative energy options.
Campus Master Plan - Page 232, Chapter 4, Sustainable Concepts #7: Shift from reliance on coal-based electricity.
Campus Master Plan - Page 235, Chapter 4, Long-Term Goals #5: Reduction of campus greenhouse gas emissions through pursuit of renewable energy resources. While wind energy is the best option, it currently is prohibited by state law. Recommended programs for addressing building energy demand include active investment in energy conservation measures, installing an adequate system of building-based meters combined with billing building occupants for their utility use, improved building management in combination with a campaign to motivate behavioral change, and a scheduled program of retro- and/ or re-commissioning.
Campus Master Plan - Page 235, Chapter 4, Long-Term Goals #7: Engagement with the university’s electricity provider to diversify fuel sources in the electricity sold to the university.
STRATEGY 3.1 – Explore Sustainable Alternatives to Current Energy Fuels
ACTION STEPS:
a. Explore alternatives to natural gas that optimize long-term supply and fuel price stability b. Partner with regent institutions to develop goals and strategies for increasing renewables statewide c. Investigate renewable energy generation to assist with peak demand (Strategy1.5a)
STRATEGY 3.2 – Integrate On and Off-site Renewables a. b.
ACTION STEPS: Integrate renewable energy generation such as solar, wind and geo-thermal with new construction, major renovations, and infrastructure projects (Strategy 2.2a) Collaboratively review contracts for off-site renewable generation 10
GOAL 4.0 - Develop and establish an energy budget by FY2020 and financial process that connects expenditures on energy consumption, investments in efficiency and conservation programs, and reallocation of savings accrued through these programs.
Considerable financial savings can be realized through investments in energy efficiency;
however, the current funding mechanisms do not allow for a comprehensive approach
to funding projects of various scales. Identify funding strategies and opportunities for
these energy actions within the plan will increase the likelihood that they will actually be
implemented
Precedent goals: Campus Sustainability Plan – Page 29, Energy Objective 1.3: Create a system to fund project implementation
Campus Master Plan - Page 235, Chapter 4, Long-Term Goals #8: Develop a capital reserve for campus infrastructure improvements.
STRATEGY 4.1 – Establish an Energy Budget or Fund
a. b. c. d. e. f.
ACTION STEPS: Develop a process to capture savings from energy conservation projects to reinvest in future initiatives Set consequences if energy expenditures exceed expectations Formalize the process between Campus Operations, KU Budget Office, and the Provost Office Create transparency of fund transfers, track expenditures and savings from ECMs, and ensure funds created by energy savings or established for ECMs are not used for other purposes Increase the base for the revolving green loan fund Establish a funding model for new projects help to offset the cost of achieving net-zero energy use as the campus grows (Strategy 2.2b)
STRATEGY 4.2 – Review Rate Prices and Structures a. b.
ACTION STEPS: Conduct an RFP process as current energy contracts end to ensure the lowest prices, especially for Natural Gas Annually review renewable costs for on-site generation
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STRATEGY 4.3 – Explore Building Occupants Energy Savings through Alternative Funding Mechanism
ACTION STEPS:
a. Make energy use transparent to building occupants (Strategy 1.1b) b. Explore a reward or penalty program that challenges building occupants to reduce consumption and determine a budget process to reward or penalize the building occupant based on energy savings c. Explore restructuring the budget to RCM, Responsibility Centered Management model where individual departments are apportioned their share of the utilities budget
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GOAL 5.0 - Reduce potable water consumption to 2015 levels despite projected growth.
Maintaining consistent water consumption levels from year to year.
Precedent goals: Campus Master Plan - Page 237, Chapter 4, Projected Needs and Sustainable Concepts: To develop a more sustainable wastewater system, campus loads may be significantly reduced by using low-flow plumbing fixtures. These may be incorporated in new facilities, but retrofitting existing building should also be considered.
STRATEGY 5.1 – Improve Water Metering and Reporting ACTION STEPS: a. Standardize all water meters b. Simplify water meter reading and reporting process c. Increase accurate identification and reporting of broken or malfunctioning meters d. Establish an efficient process for water meter replacements to shorten the time from reporting to repairing a water meter and to avoid over billing
STRATEGY 5.2 – Conduct a Water Study ACTION STEPS: a. Gather or create accurate underground maps b. Perform a water study initiated by FPD in 2019 c. Establish an implementation schedule matched to funding and other resources for the recommendations from water study d. Coordinate with FPD and FS to establish a process for replacing water lines, pipes, and valves
STRATEGY 5.3 – Study and Eliminate Excess Water Waste ACTION STEPS: a. Study and evaluate process for turning off water in the event of a water release emergency. Create and implement process improvements with the goal of shutting off water to any given building within 15 minutes to reduce both water waste and possible building damage. b. Study large water usage, like HVAC cooling towers and water systems, and determine technical solutions or establish maintenance processes to achieve significant savings, like heat tracing
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GOAL 6.0 - Increase waste diversion to 50% by FY2030 Decreasing the amount of material sent to the landfill will allow KU to realize savings in regards to disposal costs. Precedent goal: Campus Sustainability Plan – Page 29, Waste Goal 1: Reduce the amount and impact of waste sent to the landfill Campus Master Plan - Page 246, Chapter 4, Goals for Waste #1: Reduce the amount and impact of waste sent to the landfill.
Campus Master Plan - Page 246, Chapter 4, Goals for Waste #2: Create a
campus environment that fosters waste diversion and recycling.
STRATEGY 6.1 – Conduct a Waste Audit ACTION STEPS: a. Gather waste and recycling data for the waste audit b. Conduct a professional grade audit to characterize the waste stream and identify opportunities for waste reduction c. Establish a process for prioritizing recommendations from waste audit d. Establish an implementation schedule matched to funding and other resrouces for the recommendations from waste audit
STRATEGY 6.2 – Improve Measurement and Verification of Waste ACTION STEPS: a. Work with the City of Lawrence for accurate billing and routes b. Update and simplify waste data entry into EnergyCAP c. Establish a Measurement and Verification processes identified in the waste audit
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