The Link Between Older Adults’ Physical Activity and Perceived Neighbourhood Factors Is Moderated by Self-‐Efficacy and Social Self-‐Efficacy Katrina Ross-‐Ghali, Victoria Michalowski, & Christiane Hoppmann
Introduction On average as an age group, older adults do not engage in as much physical activity as younger age groups (Kerr, Rosenberg, & Frank,
Methods
Discussion
Sample: N = 238 older adult couples aged 60-‐87 years (M = 70.97, SD = 6.00)
Self-‐efficacy moderated the relationship between proximity and level of moderate physical activity
Demographics: 57.1% Caucasian/White, 34.9% Asian
Perceived neighborhood safety moderated the relationship between access to services and all physical activity
2012)
Physical activity through walkability is increased with comfort walking in neighbourhood and if daily services and facilities are located nearby (Kerr, Rosenberg, & Frank, 2012) Bidirectional relationship between physical activity and self-‐ efficacy (McAuley, Elaysky, Jerome, Konopack, & Marquez, 2005) Perceived social self-‐efficacy can positively influence older adults’ level of walkability (Ayotte, Margrett, & Patrick, 2013) Physical Activity: aerobic exercise such as walking, swimming, and jogging, as well as other activities such as gardening or cleaning
Measures: -‐Perceived Neighbourhood Factors (NEWS-‐A (Cerin, Saelens, Sallis, & Frank, 2006)) -‐Physical Activity (CHAMPS (Stewart, Mills, King, Haskell, Gillis, & Ritter, 2001)) -‐Physical Activity Capability (Time Up and Go Task (Podsiadlo & Richardson, 1991)
, Gait Speed Task (Fritz & Lusardi, 2009).)
-‐Self-‐Efficacy (Ziegelmann, Lippke, & Schwarzer, 2006) -‐Social Self-‐Efficacy (Lent & Lopez, 2002).
Statistical Analysis: Multi-‐Level Modelling to account for non-‐ independence (individuals within couples)
This research has been funded by a CIHR grant to Hoppmann, Ashe, Madden, Heine, & Gerstorf
Figure 1. Self-‐efficacy (SE) moderates the relationship between
-‐Does community involvement influence the relationship between both self-‐efficacy and social self-‐efficacy and proximity to services?
proximity to services and moderate physical activity.
Figure 2. Perceived neighbourhood safety moderates the relationship between access to services and all physical activity.
16
30
14 25 12 10 8
Low Proximity Mean Proximity
6
High Proximity 4
All Physical Activity
References Ayotte, B. J., Margrett, J. A., & Patrick, J. H. (2013). Dyadic analysis of self-‐efficacy and perceived support: The relationship of individual and spousal characteristics with physical activity among middle-‐aged and young-‐ older adults. Psychology and Aging, 28(2), 555-‐563. doi:10.1037/a0032454 Kerr, J., Rosenberg, D., & Frank, L. (2012). The role of the built environment in healthy aging: community design, physical activity, and health among older adults. Journal of Planning Literature, 27(1), 43-‐60. McAuley, E., Elaysky, S., Jerome, G. J., Konopack, J. F., & Marquez, D. X. (2005). Physical activity-‐related well-‐ being in older adults: social cognitive influences. Psychology and Aging, 20(2), 295-‐302. doi:10.1037/0882-‐ 7974.20.2.295
-‐Does wellbeing impact the relationship between both self-‐ efficacy and social self-‐efficacy and level of physical activity?
Results
Moderate Physical Activity
à Moderated by both self-‐efficacy and social self-‐efficacy
Future Directions: -‐More objective measures of physical activity
Hypotheses àOlder adults will have higher levels of physical activity if they are within close proximity to services, have high access to services, and perceive their neighborhood as safe
Social self-‐efficacy is related to more physical activity regardless of neighborhood features
20
15
10
Low Access Mean Access High Access
5
2
0
0
Low SE
Mean SE
High SE
Low Safety Mean Safety High Safety
Social self-‐efficacy is positively related to both moderate (b = 0.72, p < .001) and all (b = 0.84, p = .001) physical activity