Adhesive Bonding Manual by Wolf Group

ADHESIVE BONDING MANUAL

What is gluing? An adhesive is a liquid or semi-liquid substance with which two materials can be connected strongly and permanently. The main component of the adhesive is an adhesive substance which may be natural, artificial or synthetic and includes, for example, solvent, fillers, plasticisers or stabilisers. The earliest evidence of the conscious use of an adhesive dates back to 200,000 years ago, when a fragment of rock was fixed on the spear by using birch tar. In 1690, the first industrial adhesive plant was opened in the Netherlands, where animal skins were used as raw materials. In 1908, synthetic adhesives came into use. It is no longer possible to imagine a modern world without adhesives. They are used in construction, the automotive industry, packaging production, clothing and footwear production, the electronics industry and households. Bonding is often the only way to connect materials. The advantage of an adhesive bond is its very low weight, uniform distribution of tension, impact and vibration resistance and total sealing properties. The adhesive bond may be elastic and mobile but also very rigid, which means that it does not stretch or wear down, and unlike a screw connection its surface is smooth and undamaged. On floors with underfloor heating, the installation of parquet with an adhesive characterises an elastic and moving adhesive bond with an undamaged surface, while bonding a gypsum frame to the floor is an example of a rigid adhesive bond. Attaching a mirror, worktop or various strips with an adhesive is a more aesthetic alternative to a screw connection.

What to remember when bonding: »» An adhesive must be sufficiently liquid to facilitate wetting and adhesion. »» When the solvent and acrylic adhesives are curing, the release of solvent or water must be ensured from the adhesive joint. »» When hybrid adhesives are curing, access to humidity must be ensured to provide reaction. »» To ensure adhesion and to keep the bonding surfaces together until the hardened adhesive is able to accomplish this task itself, the bonding surfaces must be supported. »» It is important to test the bonding capacity of the adhesive with a surface and to determine the suitability of the product for the intended use. »» In outdoor conditions, the adhesive must be applied vertically or at points to allow the water to flow out of the adhesive joint.

Strength of the adhesive bond The strength of the adhesive bond depends on adhesion and cohesion. The materials stay together as a result of adhesion. Adhesion or materials clinging to one another is a phenomenon that allows the adhesive to transmit the load from the adhesive material to the adhesive bond. It can only function because of the top surface between the adhesive and the bonding material, through which the stress is transferred and the adhesive bond that functions as a whole is formed. An adhesion failure is a break in the connection between the adhesive and gluing material. Cohesion is the strength of the adhesive itself, in other words, the relationship between the molecules of one and the same substance caused by molecular forces. A cohesive failure is breakage in the adhesive film or gluing material. Adhesive failure

Cohesive failure

Choosing the correct adhesive Pre-requisites for a good adhesive bond are properly prepared substrate and a suitable adhesive and bonding method. It is important to choose an adhesive that is similar to that of the material to be bonded. For example, when two very different materials are combined, an elastic adhesive should be used that can resist the movement of the materials (linear expansion or change in the body’s dimensions when the temperature fluctuates). A rigid adhesive should be used to connect two rigid materials.

Some of the important things to consider while choosing adhesive are:

»» Properties of the material to be bonded: porosity, stiffness, size and shape of the material. »» Properties of the adhesive: suitability for various materials, elasticity, processing time of the adhesive, curing speed and viscosity. »» Application of the adhesive bond and requirements of the durability of the adhesive bond: for example, whether it is exposed to indoor or outdoor conditions, moisture resistance and temperature resistance.

Restrictions It is not recommended to use the adhesives described in this manual in underwater applications or for work in areas that are in constant contact with water. Not suitable for connecting PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), PTFE (Teflon®) or silicone or bitumen surfaces. »» The adhesive must be at the prescribed application temperature and must not freeze. »» Hybrid adhesives are not suitable to be used in the joints of natural stone. »» Some solvent-based adhesives are not suitable for use with foam polystyrene and certain types of plastics, so it is a good idea to read the product information on the packaging or the technical card in advance. »» The solvent-based spray adhesive is not suitable for bonding polystyrene and PVC or PVC coated materials. »» The cured foam adhesive is sensitive to UV and sunlight and needs to be coated with a suitable opaque material.

Finding a suitable adhesive according to application

Hybrid adhesive

Acrylic adhesive

Solventbased adhesive

Thermal insulation Installation of XPS thermal insulation Partition walls Installation of partition walls made from glass blocks Sub-floors and structures Reduction of footstep noise on a plywood sub-floor Reduction of footstep noise for a sub-floor Construction of a staircase frame Wall structures Installation of a frame for the structure

• • • •

Installation of a wind and water barrier on the door joint Installation of a vapour barrier on the door joint

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• •

Installation of wooden chipboards Installation of plywood boards Installation of cement fibre boards Installation of cement chip boards Strips, sills, windowsills Installation of floor skirting Installation of ceiling strips Installation of end and corner strips Installation of stairs strips Installation of door strips Installation of a doorsill Installation of a windowsill Decorative elements and decorative boards Installation of decorative elements Installation of decorative PVC panels Installation of decorative MDF panels Installation of decorative ABS panels Installation (repair work) for ceramic tiles Installation of artificial stone tiles Installation of natural stone

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• • • •

• •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

•

• • •

• •

• • • • • •

Sealing connections of vapour membranes

Installation of gypsum boards

•

• •

Sealing overlapping areas of different membranes

Installation of construction boards

Parquet adhesive

•

Sealing connection areas of wooden wall elements Vapour and wind barrier

Flooring adhesive

• •

Installation of EPS thermal insulation

Installing a non-bearing inner wall

Foam adhesive

• •

Finding a suitable adhesive according to application

Hybrid adhesive Sanitary equipment and kitchen Installation of mirrors Installation of a sink Installation of a toilet Installation of a kitchen worktop Installation of a rack

• • • • •

Acrylic adhesive

• •

Solventbased adhesive

Foam adhesive

• • • • • •

Installation of carpet coverings Installation of cork coverings Installation of PVC coverings Installation of linoleum coverings Installation of step coverings Installation of carpet tiles Parquet

• •

Installation of parquet Installation of wooden step coverings Sandwich boards Installation of steel sheet covers on sandwich panels Installation of metal and steel sheet covers

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• •

•

Roof

•

Installation and fixing of roof tiles Acoustic and sound insulation

• •

Installation of sound insulation panels Installation of acoustic panels Service hatches, cable paths Installation of service hatches Installation of cable paths, sockets and boxes Ventilation Sealing ventilation pipes

Parquet adhesive

• • • • •

Soft floor coverings

Sealing joints of various sandwich panels

Flooring adhesive

• • •

• •

Gluing various materials Preparation of surfaces to be bonded The surface of ordinary industrial materials may not always be suitable for achieving good adhesion. Proper pre-treatment of gluing surfaces, such as cleaning of dirt, oil and loose particles with solvent or other active substance and roughening or priming, ensures better absorption of the glue into pores and results in a more durable bonding layer. By doing so, it is possible to achieve a strong and durable adhesive bond.

Methods of pre-treatment of gluing surfaces: »» Clean the surfaces of dirt, oil and loose particles with a solvent or other active substance that does not damage the substrate.

»» Mechanical treatment – surfaces are roughened with abrasive material. »» Chemical treatment – the surfaces are primed or oxidised.

Porous surfaces For porous surfaces most general construction adhesives may be used, as the porosity ensures the evaporation of water/solvent and, in the case of hybrid adhesives, access of moisture.

Non-porous surfaces To glue non-porous surfaces, hybrid or epoxy adhesives are the best, but when following the instructions a wider choice of adhesives may be used. In the case of two non-porous materials it is important to ensure suitable spacing between the surfaces (e.g. using a match) so that air humidity can access the joint or the solvent can escape from the joint. The glue pattern should be thin so as when the surfaces are pressed together, the width of the adhesive does not exceed 3-4 mm.

Glue patterns

In the case of a hybrid adhesive, a point-zigzag method can be used to reduce adhesive consumption and avoid adhesive being pressed out from the joint. In the case of corners, adhesive stripes bond the fillet properly to the substrate.

In the case of high viscosity acrylic and hybrid adhesives, we recommend using a V-shaped adhesive tip. Cut the tip approx. 8-10 mm wide and 10-12 mm deep to form a triangle. This ensures better distribution of the adhesive and better initial bonding. This type of adhesive is suitable for mounting larger and heavier pieces and for floors with a recess or ceiling fillets.

Acrylic- or hybrid adhesives can also be applied to the surface as points and a zigzag pattern.

Opening a cartridge adhesive:

To avoid health risks, pay attention to the following: 1. Wear gloves to avoid the adhesive coming into contact with the skin. 2. Wear goggles to protect your eyes. 3. Ventilate the room properly. 4. If necessary, wear a face mask to avoid inhaling the adhesive vapour. 5. Read the product safety cards.

Acrylic adhesives The adhesives based on acrylic polymers were known as early as in the 1930s but were more widely used in the 1960s. Acrylic adhesives are solvent-free, environmentally friendly and safe. They do not have an unpleasant smell and they adhere to very different materials. When water is released from the adhesive joint, a very strong and rigid adhesive joint is formed. Acrylic adhesives are easily modifiable and even adhesives suitable for bonding rigid PVC can be found in the product range. Acrylic adhesives are intended primarily for indoor use.

Applications Used for installing elements of wooden structures, various construction boards and decorative panels in construction projects. Can be used to reinforce screw fastenings, reduce the number of screws and fasten door and floor strips, gypsum decorations and bonding wall boards.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

One of the adhesion surfaces must be porous to facilitate the evaporation of water!

Apply the adhesive to the gluing surface and connect the surfaces immediately. The gluing surfaces should be properly fixed: lighter items should be supported for 2-3 hours, heavier and hanging parts until the adhesive has been completely cured. The adhesive layer must be protected against moisture, and adequate air exchange must be ensured. After final cure, the adhesive can be finished with acrylic paint.

»» wood »» bricks »» concrete »» gypsum board »» ceramics »» polystyrene »» MDF

Cleaning Use water or special cleaning wipes to clean uncured adhesive. Cured adhesive can be removed mechanically.

PVA or polyvinyl acetate adhesives PVA or polyvinyl acetate adhesives are characterised by good adhesion, rapid curing and low shrinkage. They do not have an unpleasant smell and they adhere to very different materials. When water is released from the adhesive joint, a very strong adhesive joint is formed. Adhesives based on PVA-dispersion are easily modifiable, and thus adhesives with different viscosity and tensile velocity for different applications can be found in the product range. Intended for both internal and external use.

Applications Used to connect wooden parts in places where the moisture resistance of the adhesive is required: the kitchen, the bathroom and garden furniture, window and door frames, decorative elements, laminated timber. Also suitable for bonding paper, paper labels, cardboard and corrugated board and the backs of hard-cover books. Also for the installation of items made of porcelain, leather or fabric, covering plates, fabric, linoleum with an insulated back and laminate and board parquet. For best results, the recommended application temperature is +15-25˚C. For bonding wood, PVA is divided into classes according to DIN EN 204/205. D1 – Interior areas, in which the moisture content of the wood does not exceed 15%. D2 – Interior areas, in which the moisture content of the wood does not exceed 15%. Short-term exposure to humidity permitted. Occasional short-term exposure to running or condensed water permitted. D3 – Interior areas with short-term exposure to running or condensed water. Short-term exposure to heavy humidity permitted. In external conditions the adhesive joint must not be exposed to weather. D4 – Interior areas with frequent long-term exposure to running or condensed water. Exterior areas exposed to weather but with protection by an adequate surface coating.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

»» wood »» corrugated cardboard »» leather »» concrete »» masonry »» metal surfaces

Mix the glue carefully, apply it as a thin layer to one of the gluing surfaces and leave it waiting. In 10 minutes at the latest, press the gluing surfaces and leave under pressure for 10 to 30 minutes. For harder wooden surfaces and hardwood such as oak and birch, it is recommended to apply adhesive on both sides and keep under pressure for up to 50 minutes.

Cleaning Uncured adhesive can be cleaned with water and cloth. Cured adhesive can be removed mechanically.

Hybrid adhesives and adhesive sealants The adhesives based on hybrid technology are solvent free, environmentally friendly and safe. They do not have an unpleasant smell and they adhere to very different materials. The reaction with humidity creates a very strong and elastic adhesive joint, and a hybrid adhesive can also be used to bond non-porous surfaces. These type of adhesives are easily modifiable, and thus both high-viscosity adhesives and adhesives with very good initial tack as well as elastic and adhesive sealants with high mobility can be found in the product range. Although the adhesive sealants combine both adhesive and sealing properties, it is recommended that special joint sealants be used for joint work. Hybrid adhesives are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Applications Hybrid adhesives Used to bond metal, stone and wood and is intended to ensure very strong bond in construction, metal industry, machine engineering and other industries. Suitable for bonding plates in vans, trucks, camping cars and caravans. Hybrid adhesives have very good vibration- and noise-dampening properties. Tinted adhesive sealants Used for jointing and bonding work. In particular, for fixing strips, profiles, insulating material and decorative tiles. As a flexible adhesive suitable for forming permanent connections and sealing surfaces that expand and shrink under the influence of the environment. As a sealant can be used for sealing different joints and connections where it is not possible to use silicone sealants. Also for sealing and noise suppression in the fields of ventilation, sewerage, car construction and in audio equipment. For smoothing and sealing floor and panel joints and strengthening screw connections. Transparent adhesive sealants Used for adhesion and sealing work. In particular, to bond strips, glass, ceiling and wall decorations, as well as in electrical work for securing boxes and junction boxes and filling cracks and gaps during construction. Resistant to weak chemicals, such as aliphatic solvents, mineral oils, fats, diluted inorganic acids and alkalis.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

Hybrid adhesives and tinted adhesive sealants

Cover the surfaces to be connected with a hybrid adhesive and press together. Heavy and critical joints require mechanical support for at least two hours, preferably until the adhesive has completely cured. For hybrid sealant, apply the mass in the joint by pressing the gun’s trigger repeatedly and evenly and by dragging the nozzle steadily along the joint. After applying the adhesive sealant, smooth it with a rubber silicone spatula and remove the excess mass.

»» wood »» bricks »» concrete »» masonry »» glass »» various metals Transparent adhesive sealants »» wood »» bricks »» concrete »» various metals »» plaster »» chipboard »» cork »» glass »» ceramics »» various plastics

Cleaning To remove adhesive which has not dried yet, use organic solvents such as white spirit or acetone. Cured adhesive can be removed mechanically.

Adhesives for parquet and floor coverings Hybrid adhesive for parquet Hybrid-technology based parquet adhesives are solvent free, environmentally friendly and safe, do not have an unpleasant smell and bond to very different materials. The reaction with humidity produces a strong and elastic adhesive bond. Hybrid-based floor adhesives are well modifiable, and thus the product range includes adhesives with higher viscosity and good initial tack as well as those with lower viscosity and easier to process.

Applications Used for installation of massive, mosaic, slatted, two/three-layer parquet (DIN/EN 13489), industrial parquet, and wooden boarding on different substrates. Parquet adhesive is also suitable for floors with underfloor heating.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

»» various parquet types »» cement »» self-levelling compounds »» gypsum board »» concrete »» fibreboard

Preliminary work: the substrate must be ready for installation, i.e. must have the required load-bearing capacity and must be clean, dry and oil, dust and grease free. The application conditions must comply with the applicable construction requirements and standard DIN 18356 (parquet work). Cement, self-levelling and anhydrous floors and uneven and older substrates should be ground to produce a strong tacking surface. Clean the floor thoroughly of dust after grinding. For > 800 mm parquet elements, a flatness tolerance according to DIN 18202 must be provided. ≤ 2 mm.

Underfloor heating None

Installed

Cement floor

< 2.5%

< 1.8%

Anhydrite floor

< 0.5%

< 0.3%

Magnesite floor

< 3-12%

Bonding: the adhesive and parquet must be at room temperature. Squeeze the adhesive out of the package or from the bucket straight onto the floor. Spread evenly with the notch trowel on the substrate to the extent that it is realistic to be applied on the parquet during the prescribed installation period. Press the parquet elements in the adhesive, place in the correct position and connect by using an installation hammer following the installation instructions of the parquet manufacturer. No adhesive is allowed between the parquet elements. If so, the adhesive must be removed immediately. Use weights to support the parquet – about 15-20 kg/m².

The adhesive consumption is between 1 and 1.7 kg/m² depending on the notch trowel, substrate and floor covering. It is important to use at least 1 kg of adhesive per 1 m² to install the parquet. If necessary, use a larger notch trowel. For the best results, it is important to perform test bonding. After the end of the work, close the corner of the adhesive bag with the clamp and the bucket lid hermetically to ensure that the adhesive is preserved.

3,6 5 4 In order to achieve a consumption of 1 kg/m², a notch trowel must be used.

Restrictions When bonding wood, the humidity must not exceed 65%. Not suitable for use on substrates containing plasticisers or asphalt floors. In the case of wood treated with chemicals and with high oil content, adhesion and tolerance should be checked. Do not use on damp, uninsulated substrates. The adhesive does not replace the moisture barrier and does not protect the wood material from moisture.

Cleaning To remove adhesive which has not dried yet, use organic solvents such as white spirit or acetone. When removing adhesive from the surface of the parquet, the method should be based on the covering material. A universal detergent for the removal of fresh adhesive from different wooden surfaces is methylated spirit. Cured adhesive can be removed mechanically.

Acrylic adhesive for floor and wall coverings Adhesives based on acrylic polymers for floor and wall coverings are environmentally friendly and safe, do not have an unpleasant smell and bond to very different materials. When water is released, a very strong and rigid adhesion connection is formed. Acrylic adhesives are easily modifiable and so there is a choice for different floor coverings.

Applications Suitable to be used for bonding various floor and wall coverings on absorbent and non-absorbent substrates. Is also suitable for floors with underfloor heating.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

»» vinyl »» cork »» linoleum »» PVC »» felt »» various carpet coverings »» cement »» self-levelling compounds »» gypsum board »» concrete »» fibreboard

Before bonding, the temperature of the adhesive and bonding material must be equivalent to the floor temperature – +18°C to +25°C. Relative humidity of the substrate must be a maximum of 85-90% depending on the material. If necessary, insulate from moisture. It is recommended that sub-floors of concrete and levelling mixtures be primed with an adhesion dispersion, diluted with water 1: 5. The installation of floor or wall coverings should always comply with the conditions laid down by the seller. In the case of underfloor heating, precautions should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the seller of the floor coverings.

Preliminary work: the substrate must be ready for installation, i.e. must have the required load-bearing capacity and must be clean, dry and oil, dust and grease free. The application conditions must comply with the applicable construction requirements and standard DIN 18356. Cement, self-levelling and anhydrous floors and uneven and older substrates should be ground to produce a strong tacking surface. Clean the floor thoroughly of dust after grinding.

Application: the adhesive should be carefully mixed and then applied to the substrate using a notch trowel. Do not use more adhesive than it takes to gradually install the floor cover. Install the floor covering immediately or within the time specified on the technical specification card. Carefully smooth the covering to remove excess air and make sure that the adhesive is in good contact with the floor covering. For best results, use a specially designed roller.

Wet gluing: apply adhesive to the surface with a notch trowel. Place the bonding material on the wet adhesive immediately or, at the latest, 20 minutes after the adhesive has been applied to the surface. The bonding surface must be rubbed tightly with the help of a pressure roller.

Two-sided adhesion: apply adhesive to the surface with a notch trowel. Place the floor or wall coverings on a wet adhesive, remove the surfaces from each other and allow the adhesive to dry for 5-10 minutes before pressing the bonding surfaces together again. When using two-sided contact bonding, it is particularly important that the covering is pressed firmly against the surface. If bonding in wet spaces, all the joints of the floor coverings must be closed watertight.

Floor covering

Consumption

Application method Absorbing surfaces

Non-absorbing surfaces

Vinyl, homogeneous

4–5 m²/l

Wet bonding

Double sided bonding

Vinyl coverings with foam base

4–5 m²/l

Wet bonding

Vinyl coverings with net base

4–5 m²/l

Wet bonding

Vinyl boards

4–5 m²/l

Wet bonding

Double sided bonding

4 m²/l

Wet bonding

Felt floor covering

2–3 m²/l

Wet bonding

Carpet coverings

4–5 m²/l

Wet bonding

Coconut rugs

2–3 m²/l

Wet bonding

Cork with PVC

Restrictions The relative humidity in the room must not exceed 65%.

Cleaning Use special cleaning wipes or clean with water to remove the adhesive that has not dried yet. Cured adhesive can be removed mechanically.

Solvent-based adhesives Adhesives based on synthetic rubber contain a solvent which, due to its very aggressive evaporation, makes the adhesives fast to cure. When the solvent is released, a very strong adhesive bond is formed, which may be rigid or elastic depending on the composition of the adhesive. Solvent-based adhesives adhere to very different materials and are easily modifiable. Thus, elastic adhesives of both high and very low viscosity can be found in the product range. It is also possible to connect non-porous surfaces by means of contact bonding. Suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Applications Solvent-based adhesives provide a very strong adhesive bond, so they can be used to install sills, door posts, profiles and panels and strips to different substrates. Not suitable for bonding moving connections.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

One of the adhesion surfaces must be porous to facilitate the evaporation of solvent.

Single-side contact: apply the adhesive to the bonding surfaces and immediately press the surfaces firmly together to achieve the best result. They should remain mechanically supported for at least 24 hours, but the recommended duration is until the adhesive becomes completely dry. Avoid any thermal, mechanical or chemical impact before the adhesive cures completely.

»» wood »» PVC »» ABS plastic »» bricks »» chipboard »» fibreboard »» plywood »» aluminium »» galvanised iron »» steel »» concrete surfaces »» gypsum surfaces »» ceramics »» mirrors

Double-side contact: if immediate bonding is required, it is reasonable to use contact bonding. Apply the adhesive to one of the surfaces to be connected, press the surfaces tightly together and then separate them for 3-5 minutes, depending on the room conditions. Then firmly press them permanently together and support them. They should remain mechanically supported for at least 24 hours, but the recommended duration is until the adhesive becomes completely dry. Avoid any thermal, mechanical or chemical impact before the adhesive cures completely.

Cleaning To remove adhesive which has not dried yet, use organic solvents such as white spirit or acetone. Cured adhesive can be removed mechanically.

Solvent-based spray adhesive/primer The synthetic rubber-based universal spray adhesive can be used in various applications for bonding very different surfaces. For example, in the furniture industry, car repair and the household. As a contact adhesive, can be used for bonding both porous and non-porous surfaces.

Adhesion surfaces »» wood »» plastic fibres »» metals »» textiles »» cardboard »» paper

A spray adhesive as a primer is intended primarily for the installation of vapour and wind barrier tapes. This helps to achieve a lasting and instant bond for vapour and wind barrier tapes with both porous as well as non-porous surfaces. Priming may be necessary for concrete surfaces, various masonry, and wood substrates.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

»» concrete »» gas concrete »» silicate »» plaster »» masonry »» metal »» chipboard »» wood »» hard mineral wool »» glass

Bonding work: before use, shake can at least 30 times. Spray the adhesive on the substrate in a thin layer from a distance of 5–10 cm. After covering the surfaces with adhesive, wait 15–60 seconds, then press the surfaces together. Depending on the substrate, total drying time can be up to 20 minutes. 500 ml is enough to bond about 2 m² of material. For contact bonding, spray the adhesive on both surfaces to be bonded. After covering the surfaces with adhesive, wait 15–60 seconds, then press the surfaces together. Priming: before use, shake can at least 30 times. Spray the primer on the substrate in a thin layer from a distance of 5–10 cm. After priming, wait 15–60 seconds, then bond the vapour or wind barrier tape to the surface. For an optimal adhesive bond, use a pressure roller. The primer can take up to 20 minutes to dry completely, depending on the substrate.

Cleaning Remove primer residue immediately using white spirit solvent. If the product is not used within the next 24 hours, turn the aerosol can upside down and press the applicator a few times to clean out any residue.

Epoxy adhesives Adhesives and surface coatings based on epoxy resins are solvent free, environmentally friendly and safe, do not have an unpleasant smell and bond to very different materials. The reaction of the base substance and hardener creates a very strong adhesive joint. Epoxy adhesives are easily modifiable, and thus the product range contains adhesives with different application, strength and curing speed.

Applications A two-component epoxy adhesive can be used either on porous or non-porous surfaces. Suitable for filler pasting as a protective layer or filler. For smoothing cracks, can be used in layers with glass fibre to improve the strength of the surface to be improved. The strong, rigid adhesive joint formed by curing can be polished, drilled, filed and painted. Cured epoxy adhesive is resistant to solvents, water, flammable and weak acids, as well as oils and petrol.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

»» various metals »» glass »» concrete »» ceramics »» wood »» most rigid plastics

For installation, the best temperature of the substrate and ambient air is in the range from +15˚C to +25˚C. Changes in temperature also change the cure speed of the adhesive. Non-porous surfaces may be hardened if necessary. Dispense the components in the correct ratio on the mixing tray, where they should be thoroughly mixed with a mixing stick or spatula. Use a mixing stick, spatula, brush or roller to apply the adhesive on the surface. Improper dosing or improper mixing will impair the quality of the adhesive joint and, in extreme cases, the glue may not cure at all. Press the surfaces covered with the adhesive mixture together and remove the excess immediately. The glued parts must be supported until the adhesive has completely cured. When repairing cracks, it may be necessary to apply the adhesive in several layers. To bridge larger cracks, it may be necessary to use a glass fabric between the adhesive layers. The volume of the adhesive does not change during curing.

Cleaning Adhesive residue must be immediately removed with spirit or xylene. Cured adhesive residue must be removed mechanically.

Foam adhesives Polyurethane foam adhesive cures by humidity and no harmful substances are released from the foam after curing. The foam adhesive has excellent adhesive and thermal insulation properties, low expansion pressure and low post-expansion, allowing it to be used for very different applications. Intended for various construction work indoors and outdoors.

Applications Foam adhesive is used to attach insulation boards to facades and foundations, to fasten interior finishing boards and windowsills, and to bond building blocks in non-bearing partition walls.

Adhesion surfaces

How to use

»» polystyrene »» gypsum board »» wood »» concrete »» masonry »» metal »» PVC

Optimum application temperature is between -5°C and +30°C depending on foam adhesive´s formula. Best results at +20°C. The can temperature is +5°C to +25°C, preferably +20°C. It is necessary to warm the can to the room temperature.

Fixing insulation and interior finishing boards Apply the foam adhesive with even strips on both sides of the insulation or finishing board (3–4 cm from the edge) and one strip in the middle of the board parallel to the long side (gaps up to 25 cm). After applying the foam adhesive, wait 2-3 minutes and then press the board onto the wall. The evenness of fixed boards can be adjusted for as long as 5 min. The foam adhesive is strong enough to mount any insulation board. If the insulation plate is covered with facade coatings, the need for additional mechanical fixation must be determined upon construction design, codes, standards and other relevant guidance materials. The use of fasteners such as screws and dowels is always advisable. Fixing windowsills Before fixing the sill, make sure that the base is level. Mount the windowsill to support blocks. The foam can only be used as an adhesive. Apply the adhesive to the substrate at a distance of 3–4 cm from edge. Use weights to fix the sill until the foam adhesive is cured. Bonding construction blocks Consult the sales agent, reseller or the designer for compatibility with different stone-based materials and other technical issues regarding adhesive strength. The first block row must be levelled with a mortar. The substrate must be moistened because the adhesive foam cures through atmospheric humidity. If the temperature is below +5°C, it is recommended that the surface be treated with a foam activator. The foam adhesive forms a thin layer of adhesive. After it is formed, press the blocks together immediately. The foam adhesive should be applied to both vertical and horizontal surfaces.

Cleaning Use a foam removal tool to clean uncured adhesive foam from surfaces and tools. Cured foam adhesive can be removed mechanically.

Wolf Group in numbers

Wolf Group unites all the production units and sales branches of Krimelte, a leading European manufacturer of construction chemistry products and systems. The main Wolf Group’s product brands are Penosil and Olivé. The production units of Wolf Group are located in Estonia, Spain and Russia. The group’s sales branches are situated in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Spain, France, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. Wolf Group is a worldwide expert of polyurethane foams, sealants, adhesives and coatings, all products are developed by our own R&D team. Our solutions and products have achieved recognition in more than 70 countries by providing the state-of-art customer experience to industrial, professional and home users, as well as to Private Label customers. 4 Production units 10 Sales branches 3 Product brands 70+ Export markets 400+ Employees