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A compact disc, or CD, is a disc on which signals (1) are recorded.The signals can be sounds, such as music, video picture signals or information for computers. It (2) is made of aluminium, which (3) is covered with a layer of clear plastic. The signals (4) are cut into the surface and (5) are read by a laser. The compact disk (6) was invented in 1965 by James Russell, but it became popular when it (7) was introduced at first in 1980 and massproduced by the Japanese company Sony and the Dutch company Philips. It all started in the year 1979, when Philips and Sony got together to design a new digital audio disc.This disc (8) was sold soon all over the world, especially Europe and the United States in 1985, and the rest is history. Today it (9) is used for storing high quality recorded sound and large quantities of information.

And, thank god, it (10) is sold at a very low price!

17 Find pairs and then make sentences in the past passive. Use the verbs from the box in this order.

The first flight was made by the Wright Brothers. America was discovered by Columbus.

The first popular car was designed by Karl Benz.

Lego building bricks were created by the Christiansen family in Denmark.

The first Walkman and portable disc player was invented by the Japanese company Sony.

18 Match the words with their definitions.

1 investigation — serious study of a subject that is intended to discover new facts or test new ideas;

2 research — attempt to find out the reasons for some scientific problem;

3 search — attempt to find a solution to a problem or an explanation for something

4 advance — something that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way

5 benefit — change, discovery or invention that brings progress

6 invention — act of inventing something or a useful machine, tool, instrument, etc that has been invented

7 theory — idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially one that has not yet been proved to be true

8 technology — knowledge about scientific or industrial methods or the use of these methods; machinery and equipment used or developed as a result of this knowledge

19 Choose the correct word a), b), c) or d) to complete the sentences.

1 The robots will be d with radar vision.

2 Scientists need special a to do their research.

3 The b of the tests will be published in a scientific journal.

4 A lot of scientific b is done with robots.

5 A dog can hear sounds that are c to humans.

6 Artificial intelligence programs are c with Rex.

7 The RoboCup Challenge is used to c and improve programmes.

20 Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

Thomas Edison's most famous invention is probably the light-bulb; his favourite though was the phonograph. The phonograph, he said, would replace shorthand typists and it would be used to teach languages. He believed that a phonograph and a clock would actually say what the time was. He thought that people would send phonographic records instead of letters and that they would record the voices of their children and the last words of the dying. Edison also believed that people would listen to world-famous musicians on phonographs in their own homes. People have largely forgotten Edison's invention, but it was actually an early kind of records or cassette player.

22 Complete sentences using a word that is built from the word in brackets.

1 Einstein was a physicist

2 He was a peaceful man.

3 His discoveries were far ahead of their time.

4 His original ideas on physics caused a sensation.

5 He was very inteligent.

6 He was a dreamy child.

7 He studied Physics in Switzerland.

8 His theory of relativity surprised many scientist

9 When he got the Nobel Prize, he became very famous.

10 He left Germany because his life was in dangerous.

11 He was very worried about the use of the atomic bomb.

12 When it was dropped on Hiroshima, he was very sad.

13 He thought science was a powerful instrument.

14 After World War II he continued to work both for science and for peace.

Unit 3. Lesson 2. Nature and the Environment

1. Read the sentences about the situation in the world today. Complete the missing words.

1 Today the world population is about six and a half billion.

2 The number of the people in the world is growing quickly.

3 In the future people will need more food, water, houses and energy

4 Most children are born in poor countries.

5 It is getting warmer. The climate is changing.

6 This is called global warming.

7 Most scientists believe people are responsible for this change.

8 In the Arctic the ice is melting fast.

9 We buy new things and throw the old ones away. We produce a lot of rubbish.

10 Cars and factories pollute the air.

11 Many rivers and lakes are polluted.

12 We must save water today because in the future we may be thirsty

13 There is less fish in the seas and oceans because there's too much fishing

14 Many animal species are in danger.

2 Match the verb and the noun.

1 to turn off energy

2 to throw away rubbish

3 to say yes

4 to cut down trees

5 to protect nature

6 to save water

3 Read the two texts about two teenagers sometime in the future. The world around each off them is different. Answer the questions on page 77.

What season is it? What day is it? It's spring. It's Saturday

What is the weather like for John? And for Jenny? It's very hot for John, and it's nice and fresh weather for Jenny.

Why isn't John's air conditioning working? Because there isn't enough electricity. What does John see from his window? What does Jenny see from hers? John sees a dirty street without trees. Jenny sees a lot of trees.