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4 When was the first water closet (toilet) designed?

a) in AD 100 by the Romans

11 Make pairs and then fill in the sentences

1 The first ship which was powered by a steam engine crossed the Atlantic in 1827.

2 Swatch is a fashionable wristwatch from Switzerland made of plastic and often in bright colours.

3 In central heating heat is usually carried through a building by water.

4 In ancient Egypt the Pharaons were buried in pyramids.

5 If you have a Walkman or a portable disc player, you can listen to music wherever you go.

12 Complete the following sentences with the present simple passive of the verbs in brackets.

1 The Science Museum is especially liked by young people.

2 Super fun gadgets and toys are sold at the museum shop.

3 Facts and real-life situations are shown in documentaries.

4 Different types of programmes are broadcasted on television.

5 iPods are used for downloading and listening to music.

6 Many lives are saved by heart transplant surgeries.

13a) Circle the correct form, past simple active or passive. The atomic bomb (1) was finally constructed in 1945 under the Manhattan project, which (2) was launched by the US Government in 1939 and supervised by J. Robert Oppenheimer to prevent the Nazis from building such a powerful weapon first. It (3) was detonated in New Mexico in 1945.

13b) Complete the text with the past simple passive of the verbs in brackets. The first personal stereo was the Walkman, which (1) was made by the Japanese company Sony in 1979, while the iPod is a more popular version today, especially among teenagers. It (2) was invented by Tony Fadell in early 2001, and it (3) was produced by Apple.

14 Test your memory! How many correct sentences can you make about the important inventions and discoveries you have read about?

- The first car powered by gasoline was designed by Karl Benz in 1885;

- Many remarkable inventions are displayed at the Science Museum;

- The first atomic bomb was constructed by the US military;

- The first personal stereo was called the Walkman;

- Heart transplant surgeries are performed worldwide today;

- The first television set was demonstrated in a department store in London;

- The first electric fridge was designed and built in Sweden;

- iPods are produced by Apple;

- The Internet was established in the USA;

- Personal computers are used by individuals.

15 Complete the text about the compact disc by using the present simple passive or the past simple passive of the verbs in brackets and answer the following questions.