junyuan Huang by ZIXIN HUANG

Roads are the "Economic Lifeblood" of Cities -- Beijing Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province

——By JUNYUAN HUANG

Directory Historic approach • Road history in China • History of roads in Kunming, Yunnan • History of Beijing Road

p1~3 p4~5 p6~9

Social and economic approaches • Present Beijing Road • The main source of Beijing Road's current "economy" • People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings

p10~13 p14~17 p18~28

Future of Beijing Road p29~33

Historic approach

Road history in China The history of China's road development has roughly experienced the following three stages: 1). Ancient Roads (21st century BC ~ 1911 AD) As early as 2000 BC, there were roads for oxen and wagons in China. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of road development in ancient China, and a city-centered road network was initially formed. 2) Modern Roads (1912-1949) The first stage is the late Qing Dynasty and Beiyang government period, is the embryonic stage of Chinese highway. The second stage is the Kuomintang government period (1927~1936), is the Chinese highway began to be included in the national construction planning stage. The third stage was the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945), when China's road development was slow due to the impact and destruction of the war. The fourth stage is the liberation War (1946-1949), road traffic mainly, road construction progress is not much. 3) Modern highways (after 1949) From 1949 to 1952, highway management organizations were established throughout China from top to bottom, and specialized teams for design, construction and maintenance were set up.

Historic approach

Impact of traffic on roads: The change in the means of transportation has forced China's roads to change to accommodate all kinds of vehicles on the road. China's means of transportation are revolutionized by the influence of foreign culture and technology after China opened its doors. Then comes the impact of transport on roads and their development.

Why would changes in roads have anything to do with the evolution of vehicles? Lu Xun, a famous Chinese writer, once said, "In fact, there is no road on earth, but if there are many people walking, it will become a road." The simple explanation of this sentence is that "the road is made by people." No matter in ancient times or today, the appearance of roads is always for people to be more convenient to pass. The emergence of transportation is based on the demand of people to build roads and transport goods, so that the human society began to appear "transportation". And because people pursuit of "convenience" "easy", combined with the development of science and technology, created a lot of people more and more convenient means of transportation, it is because the emergence of the "advanced" means of transport, to make people realize that the original road, because of the uneven stone road, will lead to traffic tools are difficult to pass even damaged, so people began to repair the road. In this way, two elements that interact with each other and complement each other appear. Therefore, it is correct to say that roads influence the development of transportation or that transportation promotes the construction of roads.

Historic approach

The evolution of Transportation in China The change in China's roads is caused by the change in China's means of transportation. In other words, because of the change of the means of transportation in China, the construction and development of Chinese roads are promoted. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many different kinds of wagons when roads that could drive cattle, wagons and other vehicles appeared in China. However, because the development of ancient China's construction industry mainly depended on the construction of wood, most of the wagons in ancient China were made of wood. Subsequently, with the entry and subtle influence of foreign culture, Western style horse-drawn carriages appeared in China one after another. China has since combined Chinese and Western technology to create lighter rickshaws based on its own research. After that, more advanced means of transportation such as electric cars and automobiles began to appear.

Historic approach

History of roads in Kunming, Yunnan As a relatively remote province in China, Yunnan's development in the early days could hardly keep up with the speed of the whole China, so it was called the backward area. However, due to the opening of the "Yunnan-Vietnam Railway" in such backward areas, Yunnan opened its door as early as 1921 and got in touch with foreign culture and technology, thus changing. After the opening of the railway, Yunnan was exposed to a large number of Southeast Asian cultures and most of the technology brought by the French army, and the whole transportation system and road system had undergone tremendous changes. Originally only pedestrians, rickshaws and bicycles Kunming city, slowly appeared cars, trams. However, the original blue SLATE roads could not withstand the new vehicles, so the road construction material in Kunming was changed from blue SLATE to cement, and the roads were much wider than before to allow heavy and bulky cars to pass.

Historic approach

Now the road in Kunming, Yunnan Now Kunming, with advanced technology and excellent design ability, has formed a relatively complete traffic road system. There are seven main roads in Kunming, which are called "three horizontal and four vertical". Purple, yellow, pink and green are the four longitudinal main roads. Black, blue and orange are the three main horizontal roads.

Historic approach

History of Beijing Road Beijing Road, formerly known as Taihe Street. The earliest Beijing Road is not called Beijing Road, but Taihe Street, which refers to the section from Tangzi Alley to Jiaosan Bridge, which is only 300 meters long. This is Taihe Street in Nanzhao, named in memory of Taihe City, which was opened up by Nanzhao Kingdom of Dali in the Tang Dynasty.

Historic approach

History of Beijing Road Formerly known as Taihe Road, Beijing Road starts from Kunming South Railway Station in the south and ends at Kunming South Railway Station in the north. Ever since the opening of the railway in 1966, Kunming residents have been scrambling to tell each other that by going straight from the city to the Kunming railway station, Yunnanians can take a train to the capital Beijing. In honor of the event, the road was named Beijing Road, which means "border areas connect the capital city of Beijing." From the 1970s to the 1990s, Beijing Road has been the main axis of Kunming's urban development and the main artery of the city. In the 21st century, Beijing Road, as the "three horizontal and four vertical" main road of Kunming, plays an important role in the process of urbanization.

Beijing road in kunming railway station is not built, not in kunming and the main roads of the city, can only be near kunming moat was more prosperous commercial street, had been on both sides of the streets of shops, the streets are narrow, but nearby residential buildings and factories, so the pedestrians and vehicles or more. After the railway station was completed in 1965, Taihe Street (which was not renamed Beijing Road at that time) became noticeably wider, with shops on both sides demolished and the road so straight that you could see the railway station in the distance. After the railway station opened in 1966, Yunnan finally allowed people to reach the capital city of Beijing by train, so Taihe Street was renamed Beijing Road to commemorate the completion of the railway and railway station.

Tai Wo Street (Beijing Road) in the 1830s

Beijing Road in 1966

Historic approach

History of Beijing Road This is the platform of Kunming Station of Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, which is now located at the end of Beijing Road, but at the earliest time, the road from Kunming station to Tangzi Lane did not have a road name. Taihe Road renamed Beijing Road reasons In 1966, the Guiyang-Kunming Railway was opened to traffic, and Kunming built an avenue on the basis of Taihe Street to go straight to the railway station. In addition, the Guiyang-Kunming Line can be transferred to the Hunan-Guizhou Line to Beijing, so the old Kunming people think that through this road can be directly in Beijing.

Historic approach

History of Beijing Road The green part: the earliest part of Beijing Road, as introduced just now. The yellow part: There were roads, but they weren‘t main roads, so they didn’t have names. The red part: the part added behind Beijing Road.

In the early 1990s, the Yunnan-Vietnam railway crossed Beijing Road, blocking traffic from south to north. Buses and all kinds of motor vehicles to the North Railway Station will not be able to move forward, seriously restricting the north-south trunk line and the development of municipal construction. In order to meet the Kunming World Horticultural Exposition, to ensure that the northern traffic flow, Beijing Road ushered in a major transformation: the construction of the North Railway Station tunnel. In 1996, the construction of the North Railway Station Tunnel was completed, and Beijing Road began to extend forward, connecting with the Second Ring Road and Kunqu Expressway. The completion of the North Railway Station tunnel gave birth to the birth of Beijing Road extension.

Social and economic approaches

Present Beijing Road In the 21st century, Beijing Road, as the "three horizontal and four vertical" main road of Kunming City, undertakes more important comprehensive service function and plays an important role in the process of urbanization. Beijing Road, in the process of urban development and change, has been the most important urban landmark avenue in Kunming city, bearing important traffic and comprehensive service functions, is the embodiment and concentrated reflection of Kunming's urban construction and social development. Through this restoration and improvement, Beijing Road has become the first avenue to reflect the image of new Kunming city, the demonstration project of Kunming municipal road renovation project, and the "window" and "name card" to show the image of "beautiful Spring City".

Social and economic approaches

Present Beijing Road Today's Beijing Road in Kunming City includes the beginning and end of "Beijing Road", that is, from Kunming Railway Station in the south to the northwest loop line in the north, with a total length of 15,660 meters, not just the first 300 meters. May 1, 2010, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, North-South Avenue Beijing Road construction, subway construction, urban traffic was affected, waiting and hoping to accompany the general public spent 3 years and 7 months. On December 20, 2013, after 9 months of careful construction, the restoration and upgrading project of Beijing Road will be successfully completed, and the deep feelings of Kunming residents will be connected to Beijing Road. Since then, Beijing Road has become the longest main road in Kunming.

Social and economic approaches

Present Beijing Road This is the section of Beijing Road I chose. This section of road is the most familiar to me, because my home address is nearby, so every time I go out, almost have to pass this road. At the same time, this section of road is also the site of the earliest Beijing Road, and many old historical buildings have been preserved. The picture on the left shows some of the existing landmarks of the section of Beijing Road that I chose. As the representative road of Kunming city, Beijing Road has never been repaired and updated, and the section I chose is the earliest section of Beijing Road and the part closest to the city center. It not only retains the buildings of old Kunming, but also slowly builds up highrise buildings and various shopping centers. To exaggerate, it is a cultural collision between history and today.

Social and economic approaches

Present Beijing Road Although most of the roads are under construction, the design of the "road furniture" on Beijing Road is not ambiguous. As the city of Kunming is civilized by "flowers", there are flower beds of different sizes on the typical Beijing Road, no matter on the sidewalk or in the middle of the road. For example, the top of the lamp design also has flower elements, and the bottom of the lamp holder is designed with another famous Yunnan scenery -- "clouds". The appearance of these "furniture" makes people's life on the road more convenient.

Social and economic approaches

The main source of Beijing Road's current "economy" With the development of The Times, and because of the increasingly important position of Beijing Road, the construction of Beijing Road slowly became commercial. I still remember that when I was a child, I liked to eat ice cream in the small park on Beijing Road and watch the fountain in the big square on Beijing Road. But now Beijing Road has become a commercial street where shopping centers gather. Here is the section of Beijing Road I chose. The original squares and small gardens have been demolished and replaced by various commercial centers. "Kunming SKP","The eye of the JUNFA"," Hang Long Plaza" in the picture are all the names of commercial centers that have been built and those that are being built.

Beijing road 14

Social and economic approaches

The main source of Beijing Road's current "economy" The selected section of Beijing Road is a relatively special section of Beijing Road. The first reason is that it is close to the city center of Kunming and intersects with two other longitudinal main roads. Therefore, there are many tall buildings and commercial centers in this section of Beijing Road, and the location is relatively clustered. The second reason is that it is close to the first railway station of Kunming. As an important transportation hub, thousands of people come and go every day. No matter for work or travel, the economy of my city is very considerable. At the same time, due to the existence of Kunming Railway Station, there are many hotels on this section of Beijing Road. The economy brought by hotels also makes a great contribution to the city.

Social and economic approaches

The main source of Beijing Road's current "economy" According to historical records, in the late qing dynasty, Beijing road predecessor "tai street" has the appearance of a picture of prosperity, because wo street, at that time is home to kunming city moat of the terminal, and now the kunming railway station, some one are is extremely important to city traffic hub, the surrounding the economic nature of difference.

The ancient people chose to set up shop along the street near the transportation hub, which also drove the economy of the road.

Social and economic approaches

The main source of Beijing Road's current "economy" It is precisely because of the impact of traffic hubs on road traffic that I begin to analyze where the present Beijing Road obtains the "road economy". I analyze the economic impact of roads in terms of three common aspects, including "commerce, tourism and education". I can think of these economic sources because of the previous Beijing road section of various buildings or objects brought about by the economy. "Commerce" refers to various shopping centers and stores on Beijing Road, "education" refers to primary and secondary schools and cram schools on Beijing Road, and "tourism" mainly comes from the important transportation hub "Railway station" and the tourist economy brought by Beijing Road's proximity to the city center. The one that brings the most economy to Beijing Road is "business". From the simplest analysis of people's shopping to people's living habits, they are all related to business and bring about related economy.

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings From the above analysis I can get a new idea: the economy generated on the road comes mostly from people's various behaviors. The most obvious example is the economy generated when people shop outside. In ancient times, people did not have money in circulation, so they exchanged things in the street, but now people have money that can be used, people use money to shop in the street.

Whether they are bartering or buying with money, people are creating an economy for the city. This is the most intuitive economy on the road to human behavior.

The most common behaviors of people on the road can bring more economy to the city. Can you imagine whether other behaviors or things can bring more economy to the city?

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings Therefore, in many articles or reports, we often see a saying that "roads are the lifeblood of urban economy". A city is not developed, you can see whether his road construction is perfect, whether the transportation system is complete, you can know. As Beijing Road is the main road of Kunming city, it is impossible to lag behind economically. As moat dock before, or now as kunming railway station, Beijing road economic conditions can always row in kunming city road top, because the important transport hub, Beijing without all sorts of small shops on the road, the whole article on Beijing road is there are as many as 12 commercial shopping center. So the presence of these buildings, the economic impact of Beijing Road would be a very significant amount of money. However, with the development of The Times and the progress of science and technology, people's various behaviors and activities have changed, so has the construction on the road. What is the relationship between them?

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings In my opinion, the change of roads and the change of people's behavior are also two elements that influence each other. The reason why people change their accustomed habits is because the surrounding environment has changed, while the change of the road is because of the change of people's behavior. New behaviors or things appear. In order to meet people's needs, the road will change. So these two elements can't be said to be one influencing the other, they can only be said to be two influencing elements. What has technology made our cities look like? The answer to that question is simple. People vigorously develop technology to make people live an easier, more convenient and more advanced life, and today's society has indeed achieved some of this. With people's shopping behavior, for example, people used to go shopping to buy their own life necessary, because they feel for everything to get specific store very troublesome, so the supermarket, and then think of supermarket shopping always buy a lot of things couldn't move, and a supermarket door-to-door delivery, up to now, the emergence of the Internet, People are falling in love with this kind of "staying at home" shopping -- online shopping.

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings People have worked hard to develop technology that allows them to live a "housebound" shopping lifestyle, but what about everything else? Or do you really want to do all the things that people do in their lives "without leaving home"?

Housebound shopping, enabled by technology, encourages people to want to use more technology to make our lives "completely" housebound. But if everything is done at home, how can people's physical and mental health be guaranteed?

Imagine if we really lived a "completely housebound" life, where we studied and worked online. Socialize and chat through the Internet. We stay at home every day, unable to touch the fresh air outside, unable to meet and chat with our good friends face to face. I don't think people can live a healthy life under such a life.

So how does the outside world draw us out? What are the things we have to do outside to get? Can the economy these things bring to the city be replaced by "staying indoors"?

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings There are very simple reasons why people go out. If the current scan code payment technology does not exist, people still use paper money for shopping, then people have to go out to shop. At the same time, there are a lot of activities that have to be done outside, including sports, work, entertainment and shopping, and so on.

How can people "have to" go out in today's society, regardless of the existence of paper money? Home, office and shopping mall are all fixed indoor environments, and the environment rarely changes. Although they are familiar environments and areas, the activity space and activity content are limited. Roads, parks and natural Spaces, there is no limit to what people can go, and the outside environment will change every day. There is a large space for activities, a wide range of activities, and activities will not be limited.

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings Why do people go out?

"Information comes from Internet search" : Enjoy the beautiful scenery. Reimagining the

good life. Relax and cleanse your mind. Humans are social creatures and need to socialize. A way to relieve stress.

My thoughts:

People don't like to be alone, so they need a certain amount of social interaction. People are always fresh to new things, Going out allows people to get out of their normally depressed space.

I once polled my friends and asked them if you needed to relax, would you go out or stay at home? It is not difficult to see from the chart that most people choose to go out.

Reasons for staying at home:

You can do whatever you want in the comfort of your home. Sleep is the best relaxation, poor, don't want to go out to spend money. Don't like to go out, just play games at home.

Number of Persons (12)

Reasons for going out:

The scenery and air outside are nice. There's plenty of room outside to meet friends. You want to see something different or new. You can only rest and play games at home, but you can't really relax yourself. 5. Just relax your body at home, and relax your mind and spirit when you go out.

At home

To go out

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings When people go out and do all kinds of activities, they can not only bring visible economy to the city, but also bring "invisible economy" through people's emotions. I think the emotions that people feel when they engage in various behaviors, whether positive or negative, are a kind of economy that comes from the outside world and the person themselves. Roads, parks and natural Spaces, there is no limit to what people can go, and the outside environment will change every day. There is a large space for activities, a wide range of activities, and activities will not be limited. And what attracts people to go out, of course, is positive emotions, and I've listed the five main positive emotions below.

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings Here's how people behave in response to the five main feelings:

RELAX

PLAY

EASE

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings

RELEASE

SOCIAL

Social interaction is a necessary thing for human beings to judge the value of their own existence, locate and identify themselves.

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings The above "social" activity, which is on Beijing road, often happens, and it is an activity that people can't avoid, it happens every day.

The difference between these activities and what people do at home (what makes people go out) : Unrestricted activity space (empty) Social proximity with friends and others(emotional) There are private and public areas where you can move (personal)

Social and economic approaches

People's "behavior habits" on Beijing road and the economy it brings "Socializing" is also the behavior that generates the most economy on Beijing road. As long as people walk on the streets of Beijing, they will encounter different situations where they have to "socialize". However, the current road cannot provide enough space for people to "socialize" and other economic behaviors, so my design needs to provide people with enough space for activities and behaviors.

Keywords about my design: 1. It gets people out.

2. There's enough space for people to "socialize." 3. It's on Beijing Road, related to Beijing Road.

Future of Beijing Road

Analysis around project site selection Subway station entrance distribution map 1. Metro Station - Dongfeng Square Station There are six exits at the intersection, five of which are already in use. This station intersects with three city subway lines.

Dongfeng Square station location Dongfeng Square station each exit position

Each exit position of Tangzi Lane station Location of Tangzi Lane station

2. Subway Station Tangzixiang Station There are seven exits at the intersection, five of which are already in use. This station intersects with three city subway lines.

Future of Beijing Road

Analysis around project site selection

Important buildings and transportation hubs near the site: Church (there is 1) MTR Stations (there are 2) Historical Sites (there are 2) Shopping centers (there are 2)

Future of Beijing Road

Future Beijing Road "sky square" design The above "social" activity, which is on Beijing road, often happens, and it is an activity that people can't avoid, it happens every day.

Function diagram of "Sky Plaza"

Future of Beijing Road

Functional diagram

Chat Area（Outdoor） • • • • •

Recreation Area

conversation movement outdoor social rest

movement happy social relax noisy

• • • • •

entertainment conversation movement happy social

Sports Area(Outdoor)

"Health Walk"(Road)

• • • • •

conversation movement outdoor social relax

Future of Beijing Road

Functional diagram The above "social" activity, which is on Beijing road, often happens, and it is an activity that people can't avoid, it happens every day.

Coffe Shop（indoor）

Reading Room（Office）

Indoor Sports Area

Walkway

• • • • •

communication work rest social food

• • • • •

conversation movement health rest relax

• • • • •

social quiet relax work rest

movement outdoor social relax rest

The End