RESOURCE GUIDE LAS VEGAS
LEGAL RESOURCES
Protest: Legal Rights in Nevada Prior to Arrest at a Protest in Nevada If the police asks me questions or otherwise talks to me during a protest, can I just walk away? No. If you are in a public place, you must answer police questioning for a reasonable amount of time. Ifapoliceofcerstopsme,amIrequiredtoprovidemyname? InNevada,ifapoliceofcerstopsyou,youarerequiredtoprovideyourname.
Can police arrest me for any reason at a protest? Police need to have “probable cause” to arrest you, meaning they must have a logical belief, supported by concrete facts and circumstances, that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed. An arrest, however, is different from a temporary stop. Police canbrieydetainandquestionyou(alsoknownasaninvestigativestop)iftheyhave a “reasonable suspicion” you have committed, are committing, or about to commit, a crime. “Reasonable suspicion” is a lower standard than “probable cause.” Probable cause means there is concrete evidence of a crime, whereas reasonable suspicion is less demandingandopentobroaderinterpretation.Whileanofcer’ssuspicionneednot to the level of probable cause, reasonable suspicion requires more than a mere hunch or guess.
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Protest Location in Nevada
Can I participate in a protest at any place? Protests cannot occur on private property. Additionally in certain places, such as college campuses, organizations can limit protests to "free speech areas." Any protest planned at a"semi-private"place,suchasaUniversity,shouldbechecked.Ifanareaisdetermine unlawful, by the police, for example, protesters must disperse.
Is a permit necessary to protest and what are the related regulations? Apermitisrequirediftheprotestwillblockvehicularorpedestriantrafc,bu usuallyrequiredforasmallmarchthatstaysonpublicsidewalksandobeysallt signals,apermitisrequiredtoprotestonthecourthousestepsandyoumaybeask leave if you do not have one.
Manner of Protest in Nevada
Can I say or do anything at a protest? Youmaysayanythingthatwillnotcreateasubstantialriskthatviolencewould immediatelyoccurasaresultofyourspeech.Youmaynotdoanythingthatwillbreak law,suchasattackingpeopleordestroyingproperty.
Are there certain types of acts at protests that are not protected by the First Amendment? Any violent protests are not protected by the First Amendment. It is "unlawful" assembly for two or more people to assemble to do an unlawful act. If you are having a peaceful protestthatisnotblockingavehicleorpedestrianrightofway,youshouldbene.If police declare the protest unlawful, you must calmly leave. Do I have the right to record others at a protest? Any video recording in a public area is permitted. However, if you are on private property andrecording,youarebreakingtwolaws.One,youmaybetrespassing.Two,inprivate areas, you must have consent for recording.
IsthereanythingspecicIshouldkeepinmindbeforepostingprotestfootageon social media? Employers in Nevada are allowed to consider social media posts when determining whether to hire a potential employee. In some states this is not legal, but in Nevada this is specicallylegal.RememberthatoncesomethingisontheInternet,itcannotbedele
Protest Time in Nevada Can I participate in a protest at any time? Yes, unless the government imposes a curfew, which they may do under certain circumstances.
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Can curfews be imposed whenever and wherever? Yesandyoungadultsspecicallyshouldbecareful.Forexample,inLasVegas,"juvenile who are under the age of 18 are not allowed to be on public streets, avenues, alleys, sidewalksorotherpublicplacesinthecity/countyatanytimebetweenthehourso 10p.m.,SundaythroughThursdayand5:0AMofthesucceedingday.Fridaysand Saturdays,hoursareextendedto12:0AMto5:0AMofthesucceedingday." What happens if I violate curfew? Typically,theresultisane. What should I bring with me when I go to a protest? Toprotectyouridentity: • Mask • Makeup Toprotectyourbody: • Heatresistantgloves(forifyoucomeintocontactwithreorteargas) • Gogglesorglasses(forprotectionfromteargasandyingdebris) • Earplugs(forashbombsandotherloudnoises) • Gasmasks(ifaccessible,toprotectyourlungs) Incaseyouhavetorun: • Fitted clothing • Sneakers Foradditionalsafety: • Backpackwithrstaidkit,water(fordrinkingandteargas),snacks,washcloth, cash, and ID • Cheapwaterproofwatch(forifitisunsafetopulloutyourphone) • Hairtie(tokeephairup) • Emergencycontactswrittenonarm(seenextsection) Also, bring protest signs! Donotbring: • Anything with your private information • Anythingthatyouwouldn’twanttobearrestedwith • Jewelry • Contact lenses What should I do with my phone? • TurnoffFace/TouchIDbutkeepapasscode • Turnoffnoticationpreviews • UseanencryptedmessagingapplikeSignalorWhatsApp(oriMessageifonly textingamongiPhoneusers).Signalisrecommended.
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• Backupyourphonesoyoucanquicklywipeitifitisbeingseizedbylaw enforcement • IfyouhaveaniPhoneaddaphoneshortcutthatyoucanquicklyactivateif you are being pulled over. It will activate the camera to record the encounter, and send a message with your location and the recording to a contact. Youcandownloadtheshortcuthere:https:/www.icloud.com/shortcuts/ cc95be30b285469ea22b7cff11ce073 • Manysourcesalsorecommenddoingthefollowing,butnotethatyouwouldnot beabletomessageothersorusethephoneshortcutifyoudoso: • Switch to airplane mode • Disable data
During Arrest at Protest in Nevada
IfIgetarrestedduringaprotestandIask,doesthepoliceofcerhavetoexplainthe legal reasons for my arrest? Yes.
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Can I record the police if I get arrested during a protest? So long as you are in a public place and not interfering with the police, yes. Note that the policemaynotconscateordemandtoviewyourrecordingwithoutawarrant.
Searches During Protest in Nevada
Can the police search me without a warrant? Yes.InNevadaapoliceofcercanconductawarrantlesssearchiftheyhaveconsentor probablecause(andthesearchisreasonable).Apoliceofcermayalsoconductalimi “frisk”orpat-downofyourouterclothingduringaninvestigativestopiftheyrea suspect you have a weapon. Can the police demand to look at my phone without a warrant? No, the police must have a warrant to search a cellphone.
Aretherecertainappsorsectionsofaphonethatapoliceofcerisnotpermittedt search? Answer not available. Is it possible to accidentally give consent to a police search without a warrant? Yes,ifyougiveanofcerthepasswordtoyourphone(whichyouarenotrequiredtodo). Giving a password is implied consent and they may search your phone.
Seizures During Protest in Nevada
Can police just take items they can see on me? 1)Theofcerisinapositionwherehe/shehaslegalrighttobe;2)Itisimmediately apparenttotheofcerthattheitemsare"probably"subjecttoseizurebecauseiti contrabandorevidence;and,3)Theseizurecanbemadewithoutsubstantialaddition intrusion on privacy.
Can police just take items they feel on me during a pat down? Duringalawfulstopofaperson,ofcersmaypatdownsuspectsforcontraband.Ifit immediatelyapparenttoanofcerthattheitemiscontraband,theofcermaytakethe item. During the arrest, can the police seize information (phone numbers, photographs, textmessages,etc.)frommycellphonewithoutawarrant? No.
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TrafcStopLegalRightsinNevada PriortoTrafcStopinNevada
Whycananofcerstopmewhiledriving? Trafcstopsmustbesupportedbyreasonablesuspicionthatthepersonstoppedh committedatrafcinfraction.Areasonablesuspicionisdenedasanobjectivete thatrequiresanofcertopointtospecic,articulablefactsgivingrisetoareas inference that the defendant committed a crime. CanIdrivetoasafeplacetostopwhenanofcerhassignaledmetopullover? Nevada courts have not addressed whether the driver must pull over immediately for a trafcstop.However,werecommendpullingoverassoonasyoucandososafely.
DuringtheTrafcStopinNevada
DoestheofcerhavetotellmewhyI'mbeingpulledover? Althoughtheofcermaydisclosethereasonyouarebeingpulledover,theSupreme Courthasnotrequiredthatanofcertellyouthereasonforthetrafcstop.Thereas maybedisclosedbyatrafcticketorcitationorduringyourconversationwiththe
Do I have to get out of the car if asked? Yes.TheSupremeCourthasdecidedthatpoliceofcerscanorderyoutoexitthevehic inordertoensureofcersafetyandpreventaccesstoconcealedweapons.
Can I record the stop? Yes.Adrivermayrecordatrafcstoponpublicproperty—suchasstreets,sidewalksa otherpublicplaces—aslongasthedriverdoesnotinterferewiththeofcer’sduti
SearchesDuringTrafcStopinNevada
Cananofcersearchmycarwithoutawarrant? Yes. Although the general rule is that a warrant is required to search a vehicle, the SupremeCourthasrecognizedseveralexceptionstothatrule,including: • ConsentException:Ifthedriverconsents,thepolicemaysearchthecar. • AutomobileException:Whenanofcerhasprobablecausetobelievethatthe vehiclecontainsitemswhichtheofcersarelawfullyentitledtoseize,the cansearchthevehiclewithoutawarrant.Probablecausemeansobjectivefa that the vehicle may contain unlawful items, such as a tip from an informer that the vehicle is transporting drugs. Under the automobile exception, the police may search an automobile and the containers within it where they have probable cause to believe contraband or evidence is contained.
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• SearchIncidentToArrestException:Awarrantlesssearchofanautomobileis allowed if you are being arrested. • PlainViewException:Whenanofcerobservesobjectswhichareinplainviewi an automobile, that observation does not constitute a search and no warrant is needed. • InventoryException:Thepolicemaysearchyourcarifitisbeingimpoundedso that they can catalog the items in the car. • InvestigativeStopException:Thepolicemayconductalimitedsearchfor weapons for their own protection if they have a reasonable suspicion that occupantsoftheautomobilearearmedordangerous.Thesearchofthevehicl may occur even if the driver has been removed from the vehicle because the scope of the search is determined by the location of the driver at the time of the stop.
Cananofcersearchmewithoutawarrant? Yes, the police can search your person without a warrant if you consent to the search. Voluntaryconsentmaybewithdrawnatanytime. • Anofcermayalsosearchyourpersoniftheofcerisconductingasearchfor weaponsincidenttoanarrest,oriftheofcerisconductingatrafcstopandha areasonablebeliefthatapersonisarmedandpresentlydangerous.Thefollo factorssupportareasonablebeliefthatanindividualisarmedanddanger observation of a visible bulge in an individual's clothing that could indicate the presenceofaweapon;2)suddenmovementsorrepeatedattemptstoreachfor anobjectthatwasnotimmediatelyvisible;or3)thenatureofthesuspectedc may result in the inference that the individual is armed and dangerous.
Cananofcersearchmyphonewithoutawarrant? No,anofcercannotsearchacellphonewithoutawarrant.However,ofcersremain free to examine the physical aspects of a phone to ensure that it will not be used as a weapon—say,todeterminewhetherthereisarazorbladehiddenbetweenthephoneand itscase.Also,ifthereareexigentcircumstances(e.g.,akidnappingorthephoneisbei usedtodetonateabomb)thepolicecansearchyourcellphonewithoutawarrant.
SeizuresDuringTrafcStopinNevada
I'mbeingsearched.Whatcananofcertakefrommycarorfromme? Theplain-viewdoctrineauthorizesapoliceofcertoseizeillegalitemsthatare ofcer’splainviewiftheofcerislawfullyinthepositionfromwhichheviewsthe itsincriminatingcharacterisimmediatelyapparent.Ifapoliceofcerlawfully asuspect’souterclothingandfeelsanillegalobject,whichisreadilyidentiabl contours,theofcermayseizetheobject.If,however,thefeeloftheobjectdoesnot providereasonablesuspicionthatitisanillegalitem,theofcermaynotreachin driver’spockettofurtherinspectorretrieveit.
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MENTAL HEALTH RESOURCES We all have the RIGHT to be healthy and there is no health without mental health.
Local • https:/kayentatherapy.com/(FreeorLow-CostCounseling) • UNLVCenterforIndividual,CoupleandFamilyCounseling:https:/www.unlv.edu cicfc(FreeorLow-CostCounseling.“Noonewillbeturnedawaybecauseofan inabilitytopay.”) State • • • •
RenoCrisisCallCenter:1-758409 Textline:Text“Answer”to8396 Crisislinesbycounty:http:/www.suicidehotlines.com/nevada.html NevadaWarmline:1-7524(callortext)
National Organizations • Organizations • AssociationofBlackPsychologists:https:/abpsi.org/ • NationalLatinxPsychologicalAssociation:https:/www.nlpa.ws/ • AsianAmericanPsychologicalAssociation:https:/aapaonline.org/ • TheSocietyofIndianPsychologists:https:/www.nativepsychs.org/ • LifelinesandHotlines • NationalSuicidePreventionLifeline:Call1-80273TALK(825)ortext STARTto741 • NationalSelf-InjuryandSuicideHotlineforLGBTQ+(TrevorProject):1-86 48-736 • LinesforLifeAlcoholandDrugHelpline:1-80923457,textRecoveryNow to8396(available8:0amto1:0pmdaily) • TherapyServices • https:/therapyforblackgirls.com/ • https:/blackmentalhealth.com/ • www.psychologytoday.com
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EDUCATION RESOURCES Upward Bound (National) https:/www2.ed.gov/programs/trioupbound/index.html GEAR UP (National) https:/www2.ed.gov/programs/gearup/index.html Trio Scholars Program (National) https:/www2.ed.gov/about/ofces/list/ope/trio/index.html Davis-Putter Scholarship Funds (Open to undocumented students) https:/davisputter.org/apply-for-scholarships/ McNair Scholars Program (National) https:/mcnairscholars.com/ Cool Speak (National) https:/coolspeak.com/ United Negro College Fund (National) https:/uncf.org/ The Frederick Douglass Bicentennial Scholarship (National) https:/uncf.org/pages/the-frederick-douglass-bicentennial-scholarship-program Nevada Promise Program (Local) https:/www.wnc.edu/promise/
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TECH RESOURCES
www.hiddengeniusproject.org TheHiddenGeniusProjecttrainsandmentorsBlackmaleyouthintechnologycreatio entrepreneurship,andleadershipskillstotransformtheirlivesandcommunit www.unlock.academy OnlineGaming&CodingCoursesforyouthofallages.14-year-oldcodingguru,Jay, teacheskidshowtolearntocodethroughgaming,andhowtobuildmodernmobilefriendlyappsandwebsites.Instagram:@unlock.academy
www.melanin.tech Melanin(dot)Techisanetworkingandcommunitybuildingplatformmeanttoinspire encouragetechiesofcolorineveryaspectoflife.Instagram:@melanintech https://www.kids4coding.com/ TechProgramsforkidsandteens,ages7-16.GameDevelopment,robotics,AI,AR, drones, mobile and web apps, circuitry, and more. www.code.org Freeonlinecodingcourses,resources,andchallenges.Verykid-friendlyandfun.
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FINANCIAL RESOURCES Greater Nevada Credit Union: Financial Education Resources for Teens https:/www.gncu.org/Services/Services-Resources/Financial-Education/FinancialEducation-Resources Lights, Camera, Budget (interactive game) https:/www.gpb.org/lights-camera-budget-game/ Junior Achievement of Southern Nevada https:/southernnevada.ja.org/ Las Vegas Urban League https:/lvccul.org/ NevadaPartners(nancialcounselingprogram) https:/nvpartners.org/
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Special Thanks Brandan“BMIKE”Odums CalebDawkins Dr.MiloDodson SeanTorey White&Case Hidden Genius TheKYRCFamily
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Artwork Brandan“BMIKE”Odums Design Ryan Flores
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