Rainbow Enterprises llc Veteran Owned
Safe, No Pressure Roof & Exterior Home Cleaning
Since 1976
www.RainbowPressureCleaning.com
Mold is more than just unsightly; It can be a health problem and cause property damage. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say exposure to mold does not always present a health problem, but concedes that some people are especially sensitive to it. David Straus, a microbiologist and leading mold expert at Texas Tech University, says some molds throw off tiny spores that can be inhaled. These molds also produce mycotoxins that can cause symptoms associated with “sick building syndrome,” such as eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, and fatigue. All the experts agree prevention is the key, keep up with regular maintenance by a professional to prevent build up before it can cause a health concern or property damage. State Farm Insurance and Allstate have stated that mold is the leading cause for insurance rate increases in a number of states, including Florida. Taken from an article in Kiplinger’s
Mycotoxins Mycotoxins are chemicals produced by molds, which cause a toxic response in humans if ingested, inhaled, or in contact with skin. Mycotoxins can affect the immune system, nervous system, liver, kidneys, blood and blood clotting. Some mycotoxins are also known carcinogens. Research is being conducted to determine how fungal mycotoxins may contribute to vague health symptoms experienced by those who live in environments with a high fungal load. Many fungi produce mycotoxins, both inside spores and on their surfaces. Killing spores does not disable the toxicity of mycotoxins. In fact, mycotoxins can be present on or in spores, whether the spores are dead or alive. Stopping fungal growth does not stop adverse medical symptoms. Both spores and hyphae can be allergenic and/or toxic. Under damp conditions, specific species of fungi may produce mycotoxins like some of the following:
Aspergillus versicolor Penicillium chrysogenum
Penicillium expansum Stachybotrys chartarum (atra) Aspergillus and Penicillium, which produce mycotoxins, are often present in homes following a flood or chronic moisture invasion. Stachybotrys chartarum will grow on very wet building materials which contain cellulose and low nitrogen content. Stachybotrys is associated with a very potent mycotoxin. In addition to unusual mycotoxin symptoms, exposure of Stachybotrys to the skin may also cause a rash. MVOCs, (Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds) are musty, moldy odors associated with fungi. Fungus release MVOCs as gases, as a result of life processes. MVOCs are composed of alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, and aromatics. Porous building materials can absorb MVOCs, and release the odors over time. MVOCs may contribute to health effects in humans although valid information on long term or acute effects is lacking. Individuals can consult with their physicians, or allergists to inquire about individual health effects. It has been suggested that the MVOCs carry the mycotoxins during the evaporation process.
Health Effects of Mycotoxins Mycotoxins may cause a variety of short-term as well as long-term adverse health effects. This ranges from immediate toxic response and immune-suppression to the potential long-term carcinogenic effect. Symptoms due to mycotoxins or toxin containing airborne spores (particularly those of Stachybotrys) include dermatitis, recurring cold and flu-like symptoms, burning sore throat, headaches and excessive fatigue, diarrhea, and impaired or altered immune function. The ability of the body to fight off infectious diseases may be weakened resulting in opportunistic infections. Because these symptoms may also be caused by many other diseases, misdiagnoses of mycotoxin exposures are common. There are very few physicians with the experience or expertise in correctly diagnosing mycotoxin exposures or mycotoxicoses. Occupational or building-related exposures to mycotoxins through inhalation are slowly being recognized as a major indoor air quality problem. Generally, removal of causative agents is necessary. There are a host of fungi that are commonly found in ventilation systems and indoor environments. The Cladosporium and Aspergillus fungi make up 75% of the microbes. These organisms can occur naturally in the exterior environment and enter as spores or active fungi attached to dust particles. HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filtration of incoming air and a regular program of maintenance and cleaning of ventilation ducts can reduce the levels of molds that may enter and multiply in the indoor environment. Damp areas such as basements and attic areas where water seepage or condensation may occur are prime growing areas for molds. Most will reproduce quickly if the temperature (the ideal temperature range is 68 to 86) and humidity conditions (70% or higher) are right. The most common hazardous species associated with a water loss belong to the families: Aspergillius, Penicillium, Cladosporiu m, Mucor, Stachybotrys atra, Absidia, Alternaria, Fusarium and Cryptostroma. The greatest risks are caused by the Aspergillus and Penicillium strains. Various strains of these families of molds have been implicated in being causative agents in asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and pulmonary mycosis. Many species in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium are known to produce mycotoxins. These three groups of fungi are also very common indoors. Other toxigenic fungi frequently found indoors are Alternaria, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Chaetomium and Acremonium. When discussing mycotoxins, species of Aspergillus deserve special attention. Species of Aspergillus produce such well-known toxins as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and sterigmatoeystin. Aflatoxins that are produced by Aspergillius flavus and Aspparasiticus are detected in stored peanut and grains. Ochratoxins are produced by many species of Aspergillus as well as Penicillium. These fungi grow well on many common building materials soiled and contain higher than normal moisture content.
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Allergic fungal sinusitis (infection of the sinus) is a unique, probably under diagnosed condition similar to the lower airway disorder, allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis. Characteristic features of fungal sinusitis are signs or symptoms of chronic sinusitis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. The sinus contents in patients with fungal sinusitis contain allergic mucin, a thick cheese-like secretion, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and fungal elements. The fungi associated with this condition include Aspergillus, Curvularia, Drechslera, Bipolaris, Exserohilium, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, and Fusarium. (John W. Georgitis, MD, FCCP Professor of Pediatrics Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Vinyl Siding Institute, Inc. Cleaning How do I wash vinyl siding? Wash vinyl siding with a soft cloth or ordinary long-handled, soft bristle brush. For textured surfaces, use only a soft bristle brush to keep the grooves in the texture stain-free. For best results, start at the bottom of the house and work up and rinse the cleaning solution completely before it dries. If your house has brick facing, cover the brick so that it is not affected by the runoff. Can I use a power washer? Yes, though you should read the washer instructions carefully before use. When cleaning, hold the power washer straight at eye level to keep the water on top of the siding where it can clean most effectively. Do not aim the power washer upward as water may be driven behind the siding. You should also follow the siding manufacturer’s recommendations. Some manufacturers don't want pressure washers used on their products at all. Others allow them, but have limitations on the amount of pressure less than 1,000psi and the cleaners that can be used. Most will caution against the use of pressure washers around any opening in the wall, such as windows, doors, electrical wiring, and plumbing. How do I remove mold and mildew? Small spots of mold and mildew can be handled with cleaners such as Fantastik® or Windex®. For larger sections, a solution of vinegar (30%) and water (70%) has proven successful. Alternatively, you also could try the following solution: 1/3 cup (2 2/3 ounces) powdered laundry detergent (e.g., Tide®, Fab®, or equivalent), 2/3 cup (5 1/3 ounces) powdered household cleaner (e.g., Spic & Span®, Soilax®, or equivalent), 1 quart (32 fluid ounces) liquid bleach, and 1 gallon (128 fluid ounces) of water. What types of cleaners should I use for other stains? A list of commonly accepted cleaners is provided in the box on next page. Be sure to spot check any general or stain specific cleaner before using it on a large section of siding. After removing the stain, rinse thoroughly with water. Do not use cleaners containing organic solvents, undiluted chlorine bleach, liquid grease remover, nail polish remover, or furniture polish or cleaners. They can affect the surface of the siding.
Maintenance What causes vinyl siding to fade and oxidize? UV radiation and acid rain are the primary causes of surface deterioration. The result is - siding with dull, chalky appearance. The surface is then subject to becoming brittle. The oxidation creates a rough surface that absorbs moisture, which makes it a perfect breeding ground for the growth of mold, mildew and fungus. How can I protect vinyl siding from discoloration? Cover vinyl siding when using stains, sealants, and wet concrete as part of other home renovation projects. Certain insecticides or herbicides can potentially stain vinyl siding. Consult the product labels and/or the insecticide or herbicide manufacturer before applying. How does heat affect vinyl siding? Vinyl siding is made from organic materials and can melt when exposed to a significant heat source. Vinyl is a combustible material, but will not readily ignite unless exposed to flames from an existing fire. Home and building owners with all types of siding should always take precautions to keep heat sources such as barbeque grills, and readily ignitable materials such as dry leaves, mulch, and trash away from the structure. How does heat from reflected light affect vinyl siding? Abnormally concentrated sunlight reflected onto vinyl siding by windows can result in surface temperatures far exceeding those caused by direct exposure to the sun. Temperatures necessary to cause significant distortion of vinyl siding are not routinely achieved, even when siding is exposed to both direct sunlight and the reflection from normal, flat window glass. However, under some conditions the glass in energy efficient windows can become concave, forming a mirror that concentrates sunlight in a small area. Temperatures in this area can be greater than many building materials, including vinyl siding, are designed to withstand. The best way to avoid or reduce this problem depends on the specific circumstances. However, anything that blocks the path of sunlight, either to the window or between the window and the siding, will eliminate or reduce the problem. This includes the strategic placement of trees, bushes or other landscaping elements and the use of sunshades above windows. Screening applied to windows may reduce the total amount of reflected energy sufficiently to avoid the problem. Can I paint vinyl siding? Consult with your vinyl siding manufacturer before painting vinyl siding. Many manufacturers void their warranties if the siding is painted. What kind of vinyl siding should I use if I'm planning to reside my home? There are many different shapes, colors, and textures of vinyl siding. While VSI does not recommend any one type or brand, it does sponsor the VSI Product Certification Program that helps ensure the quality of vinyl siding through a third-party inspection process. Vinyl siding certified through VSI's Program carries a special logo on its packaging that means it has been independently verified to meet or exceed the industry standard for quality. For more information about which brands of vinyl siding are certified, click here for our searchable database of certified products.
Vinyl Siding Cleaners General cleaners (e.g., Simple Green®, Nice & Easy®, Armor All®, etc.) can be used to clean dirt, bird droppings, and spider webs. Stain-specific cleaners are listed below. Rinse all cleaners with water before they dry. Stain
Cleaners*
Bubble Gum
Fantastik®, Murphy Oil Soap®, solution of vinegar (30%), water (70%) and Windex®
Crayon
Lestoil®
DAP (oil-based caulk)
Fantastik®
Felt-tip Pen
Fantastik®, water-based cleaners
Grass
Fantastik®, Lysol®, Murphy Oil Soap®, Windex®
Lithium (car) Grease
Fantastik®, Lestoil®, Murphy Oil Soap®, Windex®
Motor Oil
Fantastik®, Lysol®, Murphy Oil Soap®, Windex®
Paint
Brillo® Pad, Soft Scrub®
Pencil
Soft Scrub®
Rust
Fantastik®, Murphy Oil Soap®, Windex®
Tar
Soft Scrub®
Top Soil
Fantastik®, Lestoil®, Murphy Oil Soap®
*Cleaning Materials are listed in alphabetical order. *VSI does not endorse products or processes and makes no warranties for the products referenced herein. Reference to proprietary names is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to imply that there are not equally effective alternatives.
29797 Beck Road • Wixom, MI 48393-2834 • 248-668-6400 • Fax 248-668-6470
Technical Bulletin F4-07 Foundry Shapes/Shakes and Heat Distortion by Reflected Light As a member of the Vinyl Siding Institute ( VSI ) and a producer of VSI certified siding, The Foundry refers to the following statement by the VSI ( www.vinylsiding.org ) :
Exterior building materials, by their nature, have always been subject to potential damage from abnormal weather phenomena. The issue of unusually intense reflected sunlight and its potential consequences has been heightened due to the growing popularity of highly reflective windows in recent years. In this statement, the Vinyl Siding Institute ( VSI) has outlined the currently available information related to this phenomenon and its effect on vinyl ( PVC ) siding in particular. Ongoing research is being conducted to collect data about the combination of building and environmental conditions that must occur before vinyl siding is affected by abnormally concentrated sunlight reflected by windows. Abnormally concentrated sunlight reflected onto vinyl siding by windows can result in surface temperatures far exceeding those caused by direct exposure to the sun. Temperatures necessary to cause significant distortion of vinyl siding are not routinely achieved, even when siding is exposed to both direct sunlight and the reflection from normal, flat window glass. In cases where distortion has occurred, mechanisms that tend to increase the intensity of the reflected sunlight above natural levels are usually found. There is a correlation between the increased use of energy-efficient windows made with low-emissivity ( Low-E ) glass and the incidence of exterior building material damage, according to field observations. Low-E glass reflects a greater percentage of incident sunlight than normal glass, especially in the infrared ( heat ) part of the spectrum. Combined with other factors, the higher reflectance of such glass can cause a temperature rise on the siding surface that well exceeds normal conditions. There is strong evidence that most cases of distortion are the result of the partial collapse of double-pane insulating glass elements. When the pressure between the panes of glass is different from that of the outdoor environment, the glass may bend slightly inward. This creates a concave reflective surface that concentrates the reflected beam of sunlight. Siding that is struck by this narrowed beam of sunlight will be at greater risk of being raised to its distortion temperature, even without exposure directly from the sun. These conditions far exceed the normal, natural conditions for which vinyl siding and other building materials are designed.
Because a beam of sunlight reflected from the glass can be so intense, both light and dark colors can be affected. The relative darkness of the siding appears to be, at most, a secondary factor. The issue is not limited to vinyl siding. According to the April 2007 edition of Energy Design Update, outdoor items such as solar collectors, painted surfaces, and automobile parts have been damaged by sunlight abnormally reflected by windows. Cases also have been reported in buildings under construction where the weather resistant barrier has been damaged by window reflection before the cladding was applied. It can be expected that the lifetime of other building materials, including paints and other finishes, will be adversely affected by long term exposure to high-intensity reflected sunlight. Certain steps can be taken to reduce the potential effects of concentrated sunlight. Anything that blocks the path of sunlight, either to the window or between the window and the siding, will eliminate or reduce the problem. This includes the strategic placement of trees, bushes or other landscaping elements and the use of sunshades above windows. Screening applied to windows may reduce the total amount of reflected energy sufficiently to avoid the problem. Siding manufacturers are working to develop techniques that can be applied in specific cases to reduce the effect of concentrated sunlight. Homeowners can contact the manufacturers of the windows and the siding for additional techniques to address their specific situation. VSI and several window manufacturers have jointly initiated a study, currently being conducted by Architectural Testing, Inc. ( ATI ) , into the conditions most likely to cause siding distortion issues. The research is considering many factors with the potential to contribute to siding distortion, including sunlight reflection from different types of glass ( b oth coated and uncoated ) and from insulating glass in various stages of collapse. Information from this study is likely to support further research into techniques that can be used at both the design and construction phases to better understand the circumstances that result in this phenomenon and potentially reduce its occurrence. For applications where the remedies mentioned above, provide unsatisfactory results, The Foundry has available a high-heat resistant formulated compound which can be produced upon recommendations from a qualified Foundry Field Representative. Please direct requests to Brian Martucci, CSI, CDT – Building Envelope Specialist – brian _martucci@tapcoint.com.
PVC exposed to UV light is especially prone to oxidation. Polyvinyl chloride or vinyl is a common plastic used to make siding and many other products. Despite its many desirable properties, PVC is less oxidation-resistant than other plastics such as polyacrylonitrile and acrylic, a characteristic it shares with polyethylene. Addition of antioxidant chemicals can help retard the oxidation process.
Photo-Oxidation The most important degradation process for vinyl siding is photo-oxidation or photod gradation. Light in the UV range of the spectrum has sufficient energy to break the bonds between chlorine and carbon atoms in the PVC, releasing reactive intermediates that participate in reactions contributing to polymer breakdown. The presence of oxygen greatly accelerates this process, and since vinyl siding outdoors is always in the pre ence of oxygen, this photo-oxidation process can potentially pose a problem.
Antioxidants Antioxidants retard photo-oxidation to some extent, but they do so by reacting with the radicals once these have already been formed. They are also used up in the process, so their effectiveness decreases over time. Consequently, PVC siding often incorp rates chemicals that absorb strongly in the UV instead, since they prevent the formation of radicals in the first place. These compounds are called light stabilizers. Benzoph nones are a common choice.
Effects As the vinyl becomes degraded, the polymer chains become cross-linked and the ox gen content of the material increases. You may observe discoloration, yellowing and cracking; sometimes the plastic will develop a chalky surface. Products of photo oxidation include carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and -- at higher temperatures -- hydrogen chloride. Increasing temperature increases the rate of oxid tion. The strength and flexibility of the siding deteriorate as the vinyl becomes oxidized over time.
Considerations PVC products are inherently susceptible to photo-oxidation. Ultimately, however, the vulnerability of vinyl siding to oxidation depends on the kinds of pigments, stabilizers and other additives the material contains. Since vinyl siding is designed for use ou doors, it will typically perform better than vinyl materials intended for indoor use. Non theless, when purchasing vinyl siding, you should consider stability and performance in outdoor conditions as important factors in your choice of product.
See other areas of the site For Thermal window fogging and Vinyl siding melting www.RainbowPressureCleaning.com