KINOPORUMI

საქართველოს კინოაკადემია

იანვარი-ივნისი / 1 (1) / 2018

Jurnali gamocemulia saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centris mxardaWeriT mTavari redaqtori eTer okujava aRmasrulebeli redaqtori galina xarebaSvili mTavari redaqtoris moadgile saorganizacio dargSi qeTevan abulaZe dizaini vaxtang SataiZe foto Tako robaqiZe Targmani liana farcvania koreqtura eka beriSvili Jurnali `kinoforumi~ madlobas uxdis saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centris xelmZRvanelobas da piradad b-n zurab maRalaSvils; saqarTvelos Teatris, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumis xelmZRvanelobas; saqarTvelos literaturisa da xelovnebis erovnuli arqivis xelmZRvanelobas, b-n Tengiz abulaZis da q-n leila abaSiZis ojaxebs JurnalisTvis saWiro fotomasalebis mowodebisTvis. redaqciis misamarTi: 0108 Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, Zm. kakabaZeebis 2, tel. (+995 32) 299 60 13; (+995 32) 293 50 97 el-fosta: geofilmacademy@gmail.com kinoporumi@gmail.com (+995 32) 203 68 49 www.geofa.org.ge

Address of Editorial Office: KINOPORUMI 2 Kakabadze Brothers St., 0108, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Tel: (+995 32) 299 60 13; (+995 32) 293 50 97.

E-mail: geofilmacademy@gmail.com kinoporumi@gmail.com (+995 32) 203 68 49 www.geofa.org.ge

16

24

რედაქტორისგან 4

ოსტატობის სამანი

36

ქართული კინო დამოუკიდებლობამდე და დამოუკიდებლობის შემდეგ

2018 წლის ბერლინის სერთაშორისო კინოფესტივალი

40

არდაბრუნება... ანა ურუშაძის ფილმი ¨საშიში დედა¨

50

ნატა მურვანიძე: ¨ეს, ძალიან სახიფათო სამუშაო იყო¨...

61

თმენის ლიმიტი – სალომე ალექსი-მესხიშვილის ფილმის ¨კრედიტის ლიმიტის¨ გამო

64

ოსკარი – 2018

66

მერილ სტრიპი – მსახიობი, ვარსკვლავი, ცოცხალი ლეგენდა...

68

6

დროში დაკარგული ადამიანები ლევან კოღუაშვილის კინოდოკუმენტალისტიკა

16

თანამედროვე ქართული კინემატოგრაფი და ჟანრული კინო – კითხვები და ვარაუდები

20

ლევან ბერძენიშვილი: ჩემს თაობას კინო უყვარდა გულწრფელად

24

პირისპირ სიცარიელესთან

28

მარტოობა ¨ოჯახურ ინტერიერში¨...

32

40

66

28

36

პატარა ფილმის დიდი სათქმელი

72

CinéDOC-თბილისი, ჩაუღრმავდი რეალობას!

ხსოვნა. ლეილა აბაშიძე

76

მსოფლიო პრესა ქართულ კინოზე

102

კანის 71-ე საერთაშორისო კინოფესტივალი, ლაურეატები

78

ოთარ იოსელიანის ¨პასტორალი¨ ირონია თუ წინასწარმეტყველება?

104

მასტერკლასი თენგიზ აბულაძისგან – ¨სხვისი შვილები¨, 1958

80

მაშინ, მეოცე საუკუნეში, ანუ - ბალღო, აი, ეს არის შენი სამშობლო!

108

გზა წარსულისკენ, უცნობი ლანდები, ფილმში ¨სხვისი სახლი¨

86 საქართველოს კინოაკადემია

111

იდივიდუალიზმის გასაღები

90

ეთერშია... კინოფილმი უეკრანოდ

94

96

ავტორები 112

78

80

რედაქტორისგან / FROM THE EDITOR

ჩვენ ვიწყებთ Here we go wels qarTul kinos 110 weli Seusrulda. Cven gansakuTrebuli pativi gvergo wilad _ msoflios bevri qveyana ver iamayebs msgavsi xangrZlivi istoriiT, iseve, rogorc msoflioSi pirveli srulmetraJiani dokumenturi filmiT _ „akakis mogzauroba raWaleCxumSi~, romelic 1912 wels gadaiRo vasil amaSukelma. qarTuli kinos es unikaluri nimuSi udides poets mieZRvna, riTac qarTvelma xalxma erTxel kidev daadastura Tavisi gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba da siyvaruli WeSmariti xelovnebisadmi.

Jurnali „kinoforumi“ saqarTvelos kinoakademiaSi sagamomcemlo saqmianobis dawyebis pirveli cdaa. es ukve meore Jurnalia kinos Sesaxeb Cvens sinamdvileSi, maSin, rodesac wlebis ganmavlobaSi saerTod ar arsebobda kinosainformacio, da miT ufro _ SemecnebiTi daniSnulebis gamocema. xangrZlivi dumili `filmprintma~ daarRvia, romelic imxanad erovnuli kinocentris direqtori Tamar tatiSvilis iniciativiT gamovida. dReidan gveqneba `filmprintic~ da `kinoforumic~, risTvisac madlobas vuxdi erovnuli kinocentris amJamindel direqtors zurab maRalaSvils. ufrosi Taobis kinematografistebs axsovT Jurnali `kino~ (70_80-ian wlebSi rom ibeWdeboda saxkinokomitetis TaosnobiT da gazeTi `ekranis ambebi~ (1959-1991), romelsac didi interesiT elodebodnen kinos moyvarulebi da ara mxolod. sasiamovnoa, rom 1991 wlidan gazeTi axali saxelwodebiT gamodis _ `ekrani~. kinoakademiis mizania erovnuli da msoflio kinos popularizacia. aqedan gamomdinare, Jurnalis furclebze kinoakademiis saqmianobis amsaxvel masalebTan erTad mkiTxvels SevTavazebT informaciul-SemecnebiTi xasiaTis statiebs, sadac SeZlebisdagvarad gaSuqdeba msoflio kinoSi mimdinare TiTqmis yvela saintereso movlena, warmoCindeba erovnuli da ucxouri kinos cnobil xelovanTa wvlili kinokulturis saganZurSi da a. S. eqvs TveSi erTxel, anu weliwadSi orjer mkiTxveli miiRebs maRalprofesiul doneze momzadebul sxvadasxva Janrisa da Sinaarsis publikaciebs, romlebSic yovelTvis daculi iqneba avtorTa pozicia, mosazrebebi da individualuri stili.

Tqven winaSe Jurnali „kinoforumis“ pirveli nomeria. misi Sinaarsi, interesis obieqti, rogorc Tavadac naxavT, qarTuli da msoflio kinoa. amasTan pirvelad SevecadeT Jurnalis SigTavsi anotaciis saxiT gagvecno kinos ucxoeli TayvanismcemlebisaTvis inglisur enaze. qarTuli kinos 110 wlisTavis iubiles erovnuli kinematografi gardatexis axal safexurze xvdeba. Cveni Jurnali mzad aris asaxos misi istoriis es mniSvnelovani etapi. sasiamovnoa, rom avangardSi axalgazrdebi arian. Jurnalis pirvel nomerSi erovnuli kinos am mniSvnelovan Zvrebs ZiriTadad axalgazrda Taobis reJisorTa namuSevrebiT warmogidgenT. Cven ase gamovexmaureT qarTuli kinos saiubileo TariRs. eTer okujava, mTavari redaqtori

4

კინოფორუმი

Georgian cinema is 110 years old. We feel particularly privileged – not many countries throughout the world can be proud of such a long history along with the first full-length documentary – “Akaki’s Journey to Racha-Lechkhumi” shot by Vasil Amashukeli in 1912.

This unique masterpiece of Georgian filmmaking, dedicated to the greatest poet, is an example of a deep appreciation and affection of Georgian people towards genuine art.

The journal Kinoporumi (Film Forum) is the first attempt of starting the publication activity in the Georgian Film Academy. This is actually the second journal about the cinema for now, after a gap for years in providing informative periodicals related to filmmaking, much less the ones of educational importance. A long silence was broken by publishing Pilmprinti (Film Print) on the initiative of Tamar Tatishvili, Director of the National Film Centre by that time. From now on, both Pilmprinti (Film Print) and Kinoporumi (Film Forum) will be available thanks to Zurab Maghalashvili, Director of the National Film Centre.

Filmmakers of older generation remember the magazine Kino (Cinema – published in 1970s-1980s initiated by Sakhkinokomiteti) and the newspaper Ekranis Ambebi (Screen News 1959-1991) which were awaited with great interest by film fans and not only by them. It is so pleasant that the newspaper has been published with the new name Ekrani (The Screen) since 1991.

The aim of the Film Academy is to promote national and world cinema. Thus, the journal intends to offer its readers the activities of the Film Academy as well as the articles of informational and educational nature which will cover, as far as possible, almost all interesting current events about the cinema worldwide, the contribution of famous artists of the national and foreign filmmaking to the heritage of film culture, etc. Once in six months i.e. twice a year readers will get highly professional publications with different genres and contents. Positions, opinions and individual style of authors will be reserved.

Here is the first issue of the journal KINOPORUMI (FILM FORUM).

You can practically observe that its content, subject of interest is Georgian and world cinema. In addition, we have made our first attempt to introduce the content of the journal in English to foreign film-fans in the form of annotations.

National cinematography meets 110th anniversary of Georgian filmmaking at the new stage of development. Our journal is ready to reflect this very significant stage of its history. It is exceptionally nice that young people are in the vanguard of the film industry. In the first issue we present these major changes with the productions of directors of the new generation. We have decided to respond to the anniversary of Georgian filmmaking in such a manner.

ETER OKUJAVA, Editor-in-chief

მამამთავარი / PATRIARCH

vasil amaSukeli

კინოფორუმი

5

პროცესი

ქართული კინო დამოუკიდებლობამდე და დამოუკიდებლობის შემდეგ ლელა ოჩიაური saqarTveloSi pirveli kinoseansebi kapucinebis bulvarze parizuli Cvenebebidan erTi wlis Semdeg gaimarTa. informacia, romelic imdroindel gazeT `cnobis furcelSi~ 1896 wels gamoqveynda, iuwyeboda, rom: `dRes, 16 noembers, saTavadaznauro TeatrSi naCvenebi iqneba sinematografi _ mTels evropaSi ganTqmuli cocxali fotografiuli suraTebi 1904 wels, Tbilisis lumierisa.~ pirveli kinoTeatri `iluzioni~ mTavar quCaze _ golovinis (dRes rusTavelis) prospeqtze, yofil restoran `daTvis~ SenobaSi gaixsna.

1905 wels Tbilisis centralur parkSi, muStaidSi amoqmedda `xis saxli~ – sazafxulo iluzioni patara eleqtrosadguriT. 1907 wlidan qalaqis sxvadasxva quCaze ukve ramdenime kinoTeatri _ `muza~, `kolizei~, `apolo~, `lira~, `mulen eleqtriki~, `ampiri~, `sinema diski~ da mravali sxva gaxsnes.

6

კინოფორუმი

pirveli nabijebi pirvel Cvenebebze daswrebis Semdeg Laterna Magica-s naTebiT mojadoebulma qarTvelma enTuziastebma pirveli lumieruli filmi-siuJetebis gadaRebac daiwyes. es iyo epizodebi im realobidan, pirveli reJisor-operatorebi _ aleqsandre diRmelovi (diRmelaSvili), simon esaZe, vasil amaSukeli kavkasiaSi mogzaurobebisas rom naxulobdnen. es siuJetebi arsad SemorCenila, iseve, rogorc dakargulia 1908 wels aleqsandre wuwunavas mier gadaRebuli pirveli dasrulebulformiani

პროცესი dokumenturi Canaxati _ `berikaobayeenoba~ (qarTuli erovnuli saxalxo dResaswauli). informacia maT Sesaxeb mxolod Canawerebisa da dokumentebis saxiT arsebobs.

1912 wels vasil amaSukeli qmnis pirvel qarTul srulmetraJian da srulfasovan, kinoenaze `ametyvelebul~ dokumentur films `akaki werTlis mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi 1912 wels~ (rasac analogi imdroindel msoflio kinematografSi ar gaaCnia). es aris filmi qarTuli kulturis moRvawis, poeziis ugvirgvino mefed wodebuli akaki wereTlis mogzaurobisa da xalxTan uSualo Sexvedrebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mTianeTSi. `akakis mogzaurobis~ pirveli Cveneba qalaq quTaisSi, kinoTeatr `radiumSi~ gaimarTa. pirveli dokumenti, romelic mis quTaisur Cvenebebs ukavSirdeba da arsebobasac adasturebs, 1912 wlis 15 maisiTaa daTariRebuli. am faqtze dayrdnobiT qarTuli kinos dRed 15 maisia miCneuli.

1916 wels aleqsandre wuwunava iwyebs ukve pirveli srulmetraJiani mxatvruli filmis `qristines~ gadaRebas egnate ninoSvilis moTxrobis mixedviT da amiT safuZvels uyris, rogorc qarTuli mxatvruli kinos arsebobas, aseve mis erT-erT tendencias _ erovnuli literaturis ekranze gadatanis tradiciad qcevas. aq TiTqos pirobiTad sruldeba qarTuli kinoistoriis erTi etapi da cnobili istoriuli movlenebis gamo garkveuli siCume Camowveba.

aleqsandre wuwunava

aRmavlobidan krizisamde morig etapad Cvens kinoSi ukve qarTuli sabWoTa kino gvevlineba. sabWoTa wyobis damyarebas, bunebrivia, cvlilebebi mohyva _ ideologia axali socialisturi saxelmwifos Senebis mTavar safuZvlad iqca Zvelis fizikur ngrevasa da SenebasTan erTad. im periodSi saqarTveloSi moRvaweoba daiwyes sxva erovnebis reJisorebma _ ivane perestianma, vladimer barskim da amo bek-nazarovma, romlebic aq qveynis egzotikam da ucnobma samyarom, ucxo istoriebma da veluri kavkasielebis Tavgadasavlebma miizida. es TavisTavad saintereso mxatvruli azrovnebis reJisorebi, romlebsac ekranze xSirad gadahqondaT qarTveli da rusi mwerlebis nawarmoebebi (da romlebic, amave dros, axal revoluciur kinematografs qmnidnen), bunebrivia, zedapirulad xedavdnen da siRrmiseulad ver aRiqvamdnen qveynis namdvil suls, erovnul xasiaTebs da maTi xelwerac, rasakvirvelia, araqarTuli iyo.

Semdeg, rodesac am pirvelma talRam gadaiara, qarTul kinoSi 19231926 wlebidan ramdenime axalgazrda reJisori gamoCnda da morigi axali talRac agorda. maT am periodSi gadaRebuli filmebiT _ `Cemi bebia~ (reJisori kote miqaberiZe, romelsac am filmis gamo sabWoTa cenzuram samudamod Cauraza kinematografis kari), `eliso~ (nikoloz Sengelaia), `jim SvanTe~ (mixeil kalatoziSvili), `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~, `amoki~

simon esaZe

(kote marjaniSvili), `saba~, `xabarda~ (mixeil Wiaureli) _ garkveuli TvalsazrisiT ideologiis zemoqmedebisgan Tavis daRwevis gzebi moZebnes da erovnul cnobierebas, erovnuli kulturis tradiciebs axali azrovneba da mxatvruli xedvis axleburi, Tanamedrove formebi miusadages; axali kinospecifika Camoayalibes, axali mxatvruli formebi, Janrebi da erovnuli kinematografis saxe, kanonebi da Tvisebebi Seqmnes. cenzuris barierebis epoqaSi moRvawe Seuguebel xelovanTa nawili (maSinac da wlebis Semdegac) mainc axerxebda individualuri SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis gamovlenas, ris Sedegad mkacr CarCoebSi moqceul ideologizebul sabWoTa xelovnebas drodadro kometebis qrolvasaviT arRvevda calkeul individTa da mcirericxovani SemoqmedebiTi jgufebis damoukidebeli naTebebi da maT mier Seqmnili xelovnebis nimuSebis (dRes ukve klasikad rom aris miCneuli) brwyinvaleba. Tumca, kinos ganviTarebis es xazic male gawyda da kvlav axal tendenciebs dauTmo iZulebiT gza.

socialisturi realizmis epoqa 1930 wlidan sabWoTa kavSiris mmarTvelma klasma axal da yovlismomcvel ideologias Cauyara safuZveli da sayovelTao savaldebulo wesad xelovnebis mimdinareoba _ socialisturi realizmi gamoacxada, ramac

aleqsandre diRmelovi

კინოფორუმი

7

პროცესი

Salva dadiani

xelovnebas ganviTarebisa da srulqmnisTvis yvela gza mouWra. aman mniSvnelovnad Secvala qarTuli kulturisa da, maT Soris, kinematografis dinebis kalapoti da xeli Seuwyo surogatuli sabWoTa fsevdoxelovnebis Seqmnas. axali miTebis, axali legendaruli sinamdvilis (meorenairad _ socialisturi realizmis) dasamkvidreblad saWiro iyo axali moqmedi gmirebis Seqmna, romlebic Tavis analogebs Zvel, ukve Camoyalibebul, saukuneebgamovlil saxeebSi hpovebdnen. ase

`giorgi saakaZe~

8

კინოფორუმი

kote marjaniSvili

gaCndnen _ winaswarmetyveli revolucionerebi, maTi mociqulebi, raindi mxedarTmTavrebi, maTi saWurvelTmtvirTvelebi, mtrebi da monebi, uwmindurebi; axali xalxi, axali morali, axali demonebi, axali gmirebi... kino ki propagandisa da sazogadoebis masobrivi ideologizebisTvis saukeTeso gamogoneba iyo. am periodidan sabWoTa sazogadoeba saxelmwifo ideologiis generaluri kursis _ socialisturi realizmis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida. xelovnebaSi mTavari socialuri dakveTa

ivane perestiani

gaxda _ didaqtika, sworxazovani propaganda, rasac Tematikis SezRudva, konfliqtebisa da xasiaTebis xelovnuroba, sqematuroba, siyalbe da sicrue mohyva. ra Tqma unda, sabWoTa sistemam, ideologiam adamianis yofas, mis cnobierebas mniSvnelovani kvali daaCnia, Semoqmedic am ideologiis kanonebs daemorCila da Tavadve gamoigona fsevdoromantizmi da ideaTa fsevdoamaRlebuloba _ cxovreba, romelic arcTu mSvenieri iyo, idealur garsSi Semosa da rogorc mSvenieri, ise warmogvidgina. meore msoflio omma Tavisi koreqtivebi Seitana sazogadoebis cxovrebaSic da xelovnebaSic _ axali saxelmwifos Senebis propagandas omis propaganda daemata. am dros saqarTveloSi sul ramdenime filmi Seiqmna (maT Soris, mixeil Wiaurelis istoriuli, heroikul-paTetikuri, epikuri drama _ `giorgi saakaZe~) erTaderTi mizniT _ xalxis gamxneveba da maTSi patriotuli grZnobebis gaRviveba. xelovneba ki mxolod maSinaa marTali, rodesac masSi arsebobs realobiT mogvrili gancda; is mxolod am dros aris sakmarisad saimedo. socialisturi realizmis epoqaSi xelovneba swored imitom ver gaxda namdvili xelovneba, rom Semoqmedi iZulebuli iyo tyuili eTqva, cru ideas cru forma mosdevda. erTi tyuili sicrueTa mTel jaWvs iwvevda _ naxevarsimarTlisa da realobis gayalbebis gzaze ayenebda kinematografs.

პროცესი

cecilia wuwunava

barierebis ngreva sabWoTa saqarTveloSi karCaketilobis miuxedavad (rac mniSvnelovnad aferxebda garemomcveli sivrcis gaTavisebas), rkinis fardaSi mainc moiZebna patara RriWoebi, saidanac qveyanaSi Tavisuflebis sxivi aRwevda; mainc gaCnda patara xvrelebi gauval kedelSi, romlebic Tavisuflebismoyvare da Tamamad moazrovne adamianebma SeZlebisdagvarad gaafarToves. barierebis ngrevis pirveli da mTavari etapi 50-60-ian wlebis mijnaze daiwyo stalinis kultis damxobisa da xruSCovis epoqis, e. w. daTbobis periodis dadgomasTan erTad. ideologizebuli 30-50-iani wlebisgan gansxvavebiT 50-60-iani wlebis mijnaze gaCnda axali, meamboxeTa xelovneba, ramac yvelasa da yvelafers saTanado adgili miuCina.

kote miqaberiZe

lurja~ iyo _ filmi, romelsac imave wels kanis festivalis Jiuris specialuri prizi mieniWa alber lamorisis `wiTel buStTan~ erTad. 1962 wels giorgi Sengelaias mier Seqmnili `alaverdoba~ 60-ianelTa Taobis reJisorebis erTgvar SemoqmedebiT manifestad, moqalaqeobrivi poziciis gamoxatulebad, ganacxadad, mZafr stimulad da aRmoCenad iqca. filmSi gamoikveTa da ganisazRvra is gzebi, is saTqmeli, rogorc da risTvisac giorgi Sengelaias Taoba kinematografSi movida. isini da 70-ianelTa Taobis reJisorebi _ oTar ioseliani,

nata vaCnaZe

aleqsandre rexviaSvili, mixeil kobaxiZe, merab kokoCaSvili, rezo esaZe, nodar managaZe, irakli kvirikaZe da sxvebi _ imisTvis, rom eTqvaT saTqmeli, esaubraT problemebze, romlebic aRelvebdaT maTac da sazogadoebasac, rogorme moexerxebinaT cenzuris gverdis avla, iyenebdnen iseT kinoformebsa da Janrebs, rogoric aris igavi, legenda, miTi, komedia, tragikomedia. es maT TiTqos aTavisuflebda pasuxismgeblobisgan, radgan sinamdviles alegoriuli formiT saxavdnen da realobasTan pirdapiri Sexeba ar hqondaT.

miTologiur Cvenad qceuli Semoqmedi kvlav mesniSnian personad mogvevlina da yuradRebis obieqtad adamiani, misi Sinagani Tvisebebi, misi fsiqotipi iqca; daiwyo ganumeoreblisa da gansakuTrebulis Zieba; imisi, rac axlos iyo pirovnebis, sazogadoebis namdvil bunebasTan; rac axlos iyo im eris TvisebebTan, romelsac esa Tu is xelovani warmoadgenda. pirveli filmi, romelic axali qarTuli kinos dabadebis an meorenairad _ aRorZinebis mauwyeblad iqca, 1956 wels Tengiz abulaZisa da rezo CxeiZis mier gadaRebuli `magdanas

`magdanas lurja~

კინოფორუმი

9

პროცესი dsakacobrio problemebia, zneoba, tradiciebis erTguleba da meore mxriv _ pirovnuli zneobriobis gamovlena, brZola sakuTari moraluri principebis damkvidrebisTvis, arCevnis gakeTebis unari, rac yvelaferze maRla dgas, rac adamians gmirad aqcevs. maT, vinc saqarTvelos xelovnebis sivrceSi 50-60-ianelTa Taobis saxeliT arian cnobili, uTanasworo brZola moiges; moiges imitom, rom hqondaT rwmenac, mizanic da srulad gacnobierebuli es mizani. maT Zala daukarges yalb idealebs da daamyares axali cxovrebis Sesabamisi wesrigi. maT gaamarTles im droSi arseboba, romelSic cxovrobdnen da araTu fexdafex mihyvnen, aramed gauswres kidec mas.

`jariskacis mama~

maT filmebSi _ `magdanas lurja~, `alaverdoba~, `sxvisi Svilebi~, `firosmani~, `gza Sinisken~, `XIX saukunis qarTuli qronika~, `amaRleba~, `vedreba~, `didi mwvane veli~, `araCveulebrivi gamofena~, `Serekilebi~, `iyo SaSvi mgalobeli~, `jariskacis mama~, `giorgobis Tve~, `erTi cis qveS~, `axalgazrda kompozitoris mogzauroba~, `neilonis naZvis xe~, `qorwili~, `qolga~, musikosebi~, `maci xvitia~, `TuSi mecxvare~, `lazares Tavgadasavali~,

nikoloz Sengelaia

10

კინოფორუმი

`mocurave~ da araerT sxvaSi ikiTxeba individualuri cnobierebis ganTavisufleba koleqtiur-miTologiuri qvecnobierisagan da amdenad _ ideurpolitikur, ideur-sazogadoebriv kinematografTan dapirispireba. moqmedeba am filmebSi, ZiriTadad, istoriulad ganusazRvrel, pirobiT samyaroSi mimdinareobs. adgilebs, sadac sinamdvile abstrahirebulia, ar aqvs zusti ganzomileba, konturebi. am filmebis mTavari idea, saTqmeli sazogadoebis erovnuli da zoga-

Tamar bolqvaZe

1972 wels saqarTvelos Teatralur institutSi (dRes S. rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti) kinosareJisoro fakultetis gaxsnam safuZveli Seuqmna erovnuli kinoskolis daarsebas, rac qarTul kinoSi axali Taobis mosvlis mauwyebeli gaxda.

80-iani wlebidan am axali Taobis reJisorebis (Temur babluani, goderZi Coxeli, dito cincaZe, daTo janeliZe, oTar liTaniSvili, nana jorjaZe, nana janeliZe, tato kotetiSvili, gogita Wyonia, aleko cabaZe, levan Rlonti, levan TuTberiZe, levan zaqareiSvili, zaza xalvaSi, marine xoneliZe) filmebSi axali tendenciebi daisaxa, gaCnda axali Temebi, daiwyo axali stiluri Ziebebi. am

mixeil Wiaureli

პროცესი periodSi poetur-metaforuli kino, ekranze poeturi xerxebiT azrovneba adgils prozaul kinos uTmobs. es TiTqos bunebrivad gamomdinareobda im sakiTxebis realisturobidan, romlebsac 80-ianelebi exebodnen.

`natvris xe~

maT filmebSi (`beRurebis gadafrena~, `adgilis deda~, `mogzauroba sopotSi~, `oTaxi~, `Zma~, `uZinarTa mze~, `laqa~, `Ramis cekva~, `aqeT maSxalebi, kvazimodo~, `mdgmurebi~, `anemia~, `iq, CemTan~ da a.S. da a.S.) cxovreba Zalian mZimea; mZimea imitom, rom masSi bevri WuWyi, uzneoba, sulieri sicariele da borotebaa; gamouvalobis, uimedobis, uperspeqtivobis atmosfero sufevs. cxovrebas adamianebisTvis adamianuri saxe daukargavs; isini iolad imeteben erTmaneTs, iolad wiraven, ar ganicdian sxvis satkivars, sxvisi sixaruli ar uxariaT.

damoukideblobis Semdeg 1991 wlidan saqarTvelos politikur-socialuri cxovreba erTxel kidev radikalurad Seicvala da qveyanaSi axali `wesrigi damyarda~. daemxo rkinis godolebi, Zveli gmirebi axalma gmirebma Secvala, axali idealebi damkvidrda da axali miTebis SeTxzvis droc movida. monstri ssr kavSiris daSliT, berlinis kedlis dangreviT adamianebs, maT Soris, bunebrivia, xelovanebsac vrcel samyaroSi gasaWrelad yvela gza gaexsnaT, magram ganTavisuflebis aqti ar Sedga _ sulieri da fizikuri Tavisufleba uxilavi bedisweris gavlenis qveS moqceuli aRmoCnda da srulad

mixeil kalatoziSvili

realizebis nacvlad Tavisuflebis pirvel wlebSi saerTo disharmoniaSi Caikarga. qveyana da, rasakvirvelia, misi kinematografi Rrma ekonomikurma, politikurma da sulierma krizisma moicva. cxovrebis cocxali SegrZnebis gaqroba, niadagis gamocla, maradiul moralur-zneobriv safuZvelTan kavSiris (rac ase aqtiuri maxasiaTebeli iyo 60-70-iani wlebis kinosTvis) Sesusteba iqca im krizisis mizezad, romelmac postsabWoTa qarTuli kino moicva. axali samyaros iden-

mixeil gelovani

turi mxatvruli sinamdvilis Seqmna, im problemebisa Tu realobis Tanxvdenili, Tanafardi, Tanamedrove sazogadoebis Sinagani mdgomareobisa da arsis asaxvis survili da SesaZlebloba problemad iqca. amas ekonomikuri krizisi da axal realobasTan morgebis jer kidev ucnobi gzebisa da mimarTulebebis arcodna, vergacnobiereba daemata. qarTuli kinos krizisis daZlevas, warmoebis procesis Secvlas, gaumjobesebasa da SemoqmedebiT warmatebas kinowarmoebis saxelmwifo maregu-

kira andronikaSvili

კინოფორუმი

11

პროცესი

`gaseirneba yarabaRSi~

lirebeli uwyebis _ erovnul kinocentris (daarsda 2001 wels) Seqmnam Seuwyo xeli. Seiqmna damoukidebeli kinostudiebic. gaCndnen pirveli damoukidebeli produserebic, romlebsac faqtobrivad mihyavT qarTuli kinowarmoeba.

Tanamedrove kino bolo 10-12 wlis ganmavlobaSi aSkaraa winsvlisa da ganviTarebis procesebi da es ara mxolod filmebis raodenobis matebaze aisaxa. erT-erTi gamokveTili xazi da problematika, romelic bolo periodis filmebs axasiaTebs, is tragikuli movlenebia, romlebic kavkasiaSi XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi ganviTarda da romlebmac mniSvnelovani, radikaluri cvlilebebi gamoiwvia, adamianebis awmyosa da momavalze iqonia gavlena. am problemebs asaxavs da saqarTvelos uaxles istorias gviambobs _ levan TuTberiZis `gaseirneba yarabaRSi~, aleko cabaZis `rusuli samkuTxedi~, vano burdulis `konfliqtis zona~, zaza uruSaZis `bolo

12

კინოფორუმი

gaseirneba~ da `mandarinebi~, giorgi ovaSvilis `gaRma napiri~, `simindis kunZuli~ da `xibula~, nana eqvTimiSvilisa da simon grosis `grZeli naTeli dReebi~, Teona mRvdelaZegrenades `Zma~, rusudan glurjiZis `sxvisi saxli~, romlebic XXI saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi, maTSi asaxuli movlenebidan aTze meti wlis Semdeg da erTimeoris mimdevrobiTa Tu paralelurad Seiqmna. filmebis avtorebi Segvaxseneben, rom sanam iqneba omi, romelic yvelafers spobs da angrevs, romelsac aTasobiT adamiani ewireba, yovelTvis iqneba warsulis ukan dabrunebisa da axali tragediis, axali SurismaZieblebis gaCenis, axali danaSaulis Cadenis, axali msxverplis saSiSroebac. am filmebs, radikaluri gansxvavebulobis miuxedavad, bevri saerToc aqvs da ara mxolod im mxriv, rom mimdinare omebis ama Tu im etapebs, Cveni istoriis ama Tu im monakveTs asaxaven, aramed imitomac, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli kinos saerTo tendenciebis mauwyeblebi arian. axali Taobis reJisorebis Ziebebis meore xazi da mimarTuleba Tanamedroveobis fonze adamianis cxovrebis

asaxva da am yvelaferze misi Sinagani mdgomareobis gamoxatvaa. aseTi Ziebebisa da mogzaurobis mowme da Tanamonawile gaxdeba is, vinc aleko cabaZis axal kinosuraTs _ `rene midis holivudSi~ naxavs. filmi ormag konceptebs Seicavs _ privatulsa da zogadsakacobrios, piradi emociur-fsiqologiuri mdgomareobidan Tanamedrove sazogadoebis sulier portretad ganzogadebamde; problematikas _ konkretulsa da maradiuls, moqceuls araordinarul formaSi. metaforebisa da simboloebis erTianobiT reJisori qmnis samyaros, romelSic realobas warmosaxva anacvlebs, warsuli ise axlos modis awmyosTan, rom garCeva, Tu romelia namdvili realoba da romeli _ gamogonili, rTulia da zRvris gavleba am ganzomilebebs Soris _ SeuZlebeli. levan koRuaSvilis „quCis dReebi“ im Taobis ukve arcTu axalgazrda kacis istoriaa, romelsac pirovnebad Camoyalibeba da arCevnis gakeTeba 90ian wlebSi mouwia. es aris tragedia adamianisa, romlis dReebic erTad-

პროცესი erTi saqmianobiTaa datvirTuli _ rogorme narkotiki iSovos. bolos zneobrivi arCevani unda gaakeTos da gadawyvitos, rogor gaagrZelos (Tu ar gaagrZelos) cxovreba. filmSi „SemTxveviTi paemnebi“ levan koRuaSvili „quCis dReebis“ Semdeg (am or namuSevars SeiZleba dilogic vuwodoT) kvlav sazogadoebis monumentur portrets warmoadgens da kidev erTxel aCvenebs, rom mkafiod gamokveTili xedva, sakuTari Temebi da xelwera aqvs; aqvs principuli damokidebuleba sinamdvilisa da kinematografis mimarT da Tavisi personaJebisgan gansxvavebiT (romlebic, faqtobrivad, CixSi arian _ beds damorCilebulni da pasiurni), am damokidebulebebis, SegrZnebebisa da saTqmelis ganviTarebis interpretirebis aqtiur procesSi gacnobierebulad aris Cabmuli. reJisors ainteresebs ara imdenad sazogadoebis problemebis aqtualoba, aramed is, rac fasads miRmaa, rasac vxedavT an ver vxedavT da rasac araerTi mizezi Tu safuZveli aqvs. giorgi masxaraSvilis „mesaaTe“ maniaki mkvlelis realur ambavs uka-

vSirdeba, Tumca es mxolod sababia ambis mosaTxrobad. ambavi ki filmis gmirs sWirdeba dokumenturi filmisTvis, romelsac iRebs da paralelurad gaxmaurebuli mkvlelobebis saqmeebs iZiebs; sWirdeba mkvlelis fsiqologiuri portretis Sesaqmnelad da imis saTqmelad, rom: sazogadoebrivi azri, romelsac media, sxvadasxva uwyeba, Tavad sazogadoeba, stereotipuli azrovneba, usamarTloba da gulgriloba ganapirobebs, xSirad adamianis bedisweris ganmsazRvreli, pirovnuli ganadgurebis mizezi xdeba. zaza uruSaZis „sami saxli“ sami novelisgan Sedgeba, romlebsac TiTqos araferi aqvT saerTo, moqmedeba sxvadasxva droSi, sxvadasxva ojaxSi xdeba; siuJetebic sxvadasxvaa, gadaRebis manerac, stilic, temporitmic da amiTac aris saintereso, Tumca, novelebs erTi ram aerTianebs da akavSirebs _ siyvaruli, romelsac amqveynad yvelaferi, yvela winaaRmdegobis gadalaxva SeuZlia. rusudan Wyonias films „gaiRimeT“ safuZvlad mravalSviliani dedebis silamazis konkursis ambavi udevs. 10 qali, 10 ambavi, 10 bedi da

erTi mTavari mizani _ fulis mogeba. viRacisTvis es istoriebi Sous warmatebis Semadgeneli nawilia, Sous monawileebisTvis _ cxovreba. maT unda ibrZolon gamarjvebisTvis da raRac dakargon sanacvlod; unda gaiRimon, rodesac ar eRimebaT, iqcnen marionetebad da sakuTari Tavi uaryon sxvisi surviliT, radgan sazogadoebaa ase mowyobili da ganwyobili maT mimarT. magram Sou ar Sedgeba ise, rogorc Cafiqrebuli iyo da Tumca is tragikulad mTavrdeba, adamianebi ar kargaven mTavars _ Rirsebas. da kidev erTi: udavo mxatvruli Rirebulebebis garda, am films bolodroindeli kinosuraTebisgan isic ganasxvavebs, rom masSi pirvelad daixata qarTuli sazogadoebis wevris _ qarTveli qalis jgufuri portreti da is mravalferovani samyaroc gadaiSala, romelic reJisorma Tavisi personaJebis damoukidebeli Tu erToblivi istoriebiTa da fsiqologiuri Strixebis ganzogadebiT ostaturad „Seakowiwa“. marilis sanapiro viRacisTvis egzotikuri adgilia; viRacisTvis _ bunebis unikaluri movlena, viRa-

`rusuli samkuTxedi~

კინოფორუმი

13

პროცესი cisTvis ki ocnebis axdenas niSnavs da kidev _ imeds, romelsac xeli magrad unda CasWido da TviTonve aqcio realobad. mariliviT arcTu ise TeTr, laqebian da dakristalebul samyaroSi sami adamianis _ ninos (romelic zRvispira qalaqSi sezonur mimtanad muSaobs), patrulis TanamSromel nikosa da miusafari bavSvis _ sofos cxovrebis `fragments~ vuyurebT. arc maTi awmyo da arc warsuli erTmaneTs ara hgavs. TiTqos saerToc araferi aqvT im sivrcis (qalaqis) garda, romelSic erTmaneTs SemTxveviT Sexvdnen. SemTxveviTobam gadakveTa am martosuli adamianebis gzebi, romlebic maleve isev gaiyo da albaT aRarc arasdros gadaikveTeba. am istoriaSi sxvanairad arc SeiZleba moxdes. `mariliviT TeTri~ qeTi maWavarianis pirveli srulmetraJiani filmia da pirveli Sexvedra reJisorTan, romelsac aqvs poziciac, saTqmelic da momavali SexvedrebisTvis yvela pirobac. ra xdeba „cxra mTas iqiT“ Tanamedrove sofelSi, romelic TiTqos civilizaciasaa mowyvetili, romlisken mimavali gzac xSirad gauvalia, magram aq mcxovrebi adamianebisaTvis es ugzooba sakuTar TavTan darCenisa da gadarCenis saSualebaa. rodis aris SesaZlebeli ori gansx-

`sami saxli~

14

კინოფორუმი

vavebuli samyaros (Cveni da cxramTasiqiTelebis) mSvidobiani Tanaarseboba da rodis xdeba es SeuZlebeli? _ es da kidev sxva Temebi, saTqmelia moqceuli levan TuTberiZis filmSi „zRapruli“ saxelwodebiT _ „cxra mTas iqiT“. aq legendebi da realoba Tanasworuflebianebia _ reJisori ori realobis, ori samyaros zRvarze arsebul atmosferos qmnis. filmSi urTierTgamomdinare xazebi, Temebia moqceuli, rac dramatul daZabulobas sZens kinosuraTs da organulad avsebs Txrobis mdore, TiTqos gawelil, auRelvebel tempo-ritms, romelic yofiTi da pirobiTi detalebis gadajaWviT iqmneba. filmi „Cemi bednieri ojaxi“ is bednieri SemTxveva aRmoCnda, rodesac avtorebma _ nana eqvTimiSvilma da simon grosma moaxerxes iolad gamosuliyvnen wina filmis („grZeli naTeli dReebi“) Crdilidan da ara mxolod SeenarCunebinaT simaRle, aramed kidev ufro aewiaT. am filmSic wamyvani faqtori avtorebis simarTle da gulwrfelobaa. pirvel rigSi (sxva bevr faqtorTan erTad) swored es aniWebs maT Semoqmedebas mimzidvelobas da xarisxis niSniT gamoarCevs, rasac rogorc saerTaSoriso, aseve qveynis SigniT warmateba mohyveba.

kino yovelTvis metia da gansxvavebulia imisgan, rac da rogorc cxovrebaSi xdeba, radgan mTel cxovrebas 2 saaTSi uyris Tavs da mis ganzogadebul, mxatvrul saxed gardaiqneba. swored esaa mTavari da mniSvnelovani, Tu rogor iqceva Cveulebrivi cxovreba kinod. rogor Cndeba realobis ekranuli anabeWdi, rogor yveba da aCvenebs avtori cxovrebiseul ambavs. „namdvili cxovreba mas Semdeg iwyeba, rodesac mas arTuleben!“ P.S. qarTuli kino kvlav sakuTari Tavis, axali samyaros, kinos axali SesaZleblobebis, axali kinoenis, axali gamomsaxveli formebisa da sakuTari Tavis ZiebaSia. misi istoria akakis mogzaurobiT daiwyo, msoflio kinos istoria – matareblis SemosvliT. 100 wlis winaT dawyebuli svla rTuli da saintereso iyo, TavgadasavlebiTa da SexvedrebiT aRsavse, tragikulica da sixarulis momtanic. qarTuli kino dRes, XXI saukuneSic agrZelebs mogzaurobas da matarebeli, romelzec qarTveli kinematografistebi odesRac avidnen, axali sivrceebis aRmosaCenad, axal sadgurebze gasaCereblad da siaxleebTan Sesaxvedrad miemarTeba.

PROCESS რუბრიკა

“Corn Island”

Georgian Cinema Before and After Independence The first film shows in Georgia started a year later the screenings at the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris were held.

After that, Georgian enthusiasts even started to make their first film-plots - episodes from Georgian life shot by the first directors and cinematographers - Vasil Amashukeli, Alexandre Dighmelov (Dighmelashvili), Simon Esadze (1908-1910).

In 1912 Vasil Amashukeli made the first Georgian full-length documentary “Journey of Akaki Tsereteli to Racha-Lechkhumi” (which has no equivalent in world cinema of that time). The film was first screened in Kutaisi on 15 May 1912. Therefore, May 15 is marked the birth of Georgian cinema.

In 1916 Alexandre Tsutsunava started to shoot the first Georgian feature film, “Christine” (Kristine) which was followed by the films produced by I. Perestian, K. Marjanishvili and many others.

After that, several stages can be distinguished in the development of

Georgian cinema – the period replete with Bolshevik ideology related to October Revolution of 1917, the era of Socialist Realism. However, the 20s-30s can be considered as the years of modernist art in Georgian cinema (Saba, Khabarda by Mikheil Chiaurelis, Jim Svante (Salt to Svaneti) by Mikheil Kalatozishvili, etc). So called “shortage of films” in ‘40s is related to the films lifting patriotic spirit.

New art of “rebels” emerged in the years of 1950s and 1960s together with the end of “Stalin’s Cult“ and the beginning of the period of Khrushchev's Thaw. In 1956 the film Magdana’s Donkey (Magdanas Lurja) by Tengiz Abuladze and Rezo Chkheidze, was awarded a special prize at the Cannes International Film Festival along with Albert Lamorisse’s The Red Balloon.

In 1962 the film Alaverdoba by Giorgi Shengelaia became a kind of “creative manifesto” for the generation of directors in the 60’s. This is the generation that

LELA OCHIAURI

managed to demonstrate the best samples of modern and past Georgian cinema worldwide.

Further period of Georgian cinema is connected with 1991 when Georgia regained its independence. Recent history of the country was reflected in the following films: A Trip to Karabak (Gaseirneba Karabakhshi) by Levan Tutberidze, Russian Triangle (Rusuli Samkudhedi) by Aleko Tsabadze, The Conflict Zone (Konpliktis Zona) by Vano Burduli, Zaza Urushadzes’ Last Trip (Bolo Gaseirneba) and Tangerines (Mandarinebi) –(nominated for the Best Foreign Film at the Academy Award – Ed., G. Kh), Giorgi Ovashvili’s The Other Bank (Gagma Napiri), Corn Island (Simindis Kundzuli) and Khibula by Giorgi Ovashvili, Long Light Days (Grdzeli, Nateli Dgeebi)

by Nana Ekvtimishvili and Simon Groß, Brother (Dzma) by Teona MghvdeladzeGrenade, House of Others (Skhvisi Sakhli) by Rusudan Glurjidze and so on.

კინოფორუმი

15

დოკუმენტური კინო

დროში დაკარგული ადამიანები

ლევან კოღუაშვილის კინოდოკუმენტალისტიკა მაია ლევანიძე qarTuli dokumenturi kino ganviTarebis yvela etapze naklebad gamoirCeoda realobis pirdapiri, `SiSveli~ CvenebiT. Tumca 1960-70 wlebSi arsebobda termini `saavtoro dokumenturi kino~, ZiriTadad, mainc xdeboda ganyenebuli, zogadi Temebis damuSaveba da wina planze wamoweva, istoriuli warsulis CvenebiT TanamedroveobaSi arsebuli moralur-zneobrivi problemebis zogjer pirdapir, zogjer ki SefarviT aqcentireba. komunisturi reJimis periodSi es tendenciebi cenzuriT iyo gamarTlebuli, magram maSin, rodesac Cndeba SemoqmedisTvis Tavisufali sivrce da isev vxedavT zogadi TemebiT apelirebas, daismis SekiTxva: cdilobs ki qarTuli dokumenturi kino aqtualuri problemebis socialur-politikuri situaciis piruTvnel Sefasebas?

`WeSmariti dokumenturi kinos mizania, daubrunos dokumentur films sisufTave, obieqturoba, sinamdvile da mayureblis ndoba~... _ lars fon trieris es sityvebi aqtualuria qarTuli dokumentalistikisTvisac. dRes am saxeobaSi arsebuli narativebi saSualebas iZleva vifiqroT, rom axali formis Zieba aSkaraa, Janruli sistemebi icvleba, rogorc Txrobis stili. damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi daiwyo umarTavi, qaoturi procesebi, Seiqmna mZime socialur-politikuri situacia. qveyanaSi gaCdnen ltolvilebi, ojaxisa da sazogadoebisgan gariyuli adamianebi, marginalebi, emigrantebi, romlebmac sasicocxlo minimumis mosapoveblad sxvadasxva qveyanas miakiTxes. qarTuli dokumenturi kinoc, Sesabamisad, Seecada ekranze gamoetana qveyanaSi dagrovili rogorc socialuri, aseve moralur-zneobrivi problemebi, Tumca sazogadoebisTvis mtkivneuli da aqtualuri sakiTxebis dasmisas avtorebi mxolod garkveuli aqcentebiT Semoifarglnen da ara pirdapiri CvenebiT, analiziT. isev aqtualuri darCa problemis `esTetizaciis~ tendencia. levan koRuaSvilis Semoqmedebisadmi interesi jer kidev misi pirveli filmidan _ `quCis dReebi~ _ iwyeba.

16

კინოფორუმი

დოკუმენტური კინო interesi garkveulwilad ganpirobebuli iyo unariT aqtualur problemebze moeTxro SedarebiT msubuqad da saerTo garemos, atmosferos Seqmnis tendenciiT. mis filmebSi rutinul yofaSi ikveTeba bolo periodis qarTul realobaSi arsebuli rogorc socialur-politikuri, ase moralur-zneobrivi problemebi. avtori aqtiurad arasodes gamoxatavs sakuTar pozicias, riTac mayurebels utovebs areals an arCevans TviTon gansazRvros, ifiqros, saTanado daskvna, pozicia gamoxatos arsebuli problemebis mimarT. aseTia misi bolo periodSi Seqmnili filmebi: `SemTxveviTi paemnebi~, `qalebi saqarTvelodan~ da `gogitas axali cxovreba~. samive filmSi levan koRuaSvili mogviTxrobs gmirebze, romlebsac cxovrebam, sazogadoebam pirovnuli arCevani ar dautova, aseve _ droSi dakargul adamianebze, romlebic inerciiT, SemTxveviTobaze damokidebulebiT agrZeleben cxovrebas. filmis _ `qalebi saqarTvelodan~ struqtura mozaikuria. igi erT sivrceSi moqceuli sxvadasxva socialuri fenis emigranti qalebis pirad istoriebs mogviTxrobs. swored am mozaikurobaSi ikveTeba problemebi, romlebic saSualebas gvaZlebs, davfiqrdeT emigraciasTan dakavSirebul Zalian mtkivneul, rTul mentalur problemebze. filmis mTavari gmiri axalgazrda emigranti qalia (aqve unda aRvniSno, rom levan koRuaSvilis dokumentur filmebSi yovelTvis aris xelovnurad Seqmnili personaJi, romelic xels uwyobs realobis sxvadasxva plastis ukeT gamovlenas), romelic cdilobs adaptirdes axal garemoSi, qveyanaSi, moZebnos sakuTari orientirebi `staJiani~ emigrantebis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. erT oTaxSi mcxovrebi qalebi emociurad, Riad saubroben Tavian problemebze, axloblebze. iqmneba fa-

ruli kameris efeqti, rac epizods gulaxdilobis, realurobis SegrZnebas aZlevs. TiToeuli emigrantis monaTxrobSi ikiTxeba moralur-zneobrivi problemebi, romlebic sazogadoebaSi maT mimarT arsebobs, rogorc amerikaSi, aseve samSobloSi. mcire monologebis fonze aqcentirebulia rogorc amerikuli realobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli elementebi, aseve am garemoSi `patara saqarTvelos~ Seqmnis tendenciebi, riTac reJisori xazs usvams da qmnis saintereso kontrasts am ori qveynis cxovrebis wessa da adamianis uflebebis, pirovnuli arCevnisa da Tavisuflebis xarisxisadmi. emigranti qalebi, ojaxis materialuri keTildReobis simbolo, saqarTveloSi aRiqmeba, rogorc sxvebis SesaZleblobebis realizebis, moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis saSualeba. sakuTar Tavze orientirebuli ojaxis wevrebi ukve ar aRiqvamen maT, rogorc sulier arsebebs, romlebsac, SesaZloa, hqondeT sakuTari survilebi, ocnebebi, miznebi. sakuTari keTildReobisaTvis boWaven maT yalbi movaleobebiTa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT. ojaxisgan ganwiruli da faqtobrivad uaryofili emigrantebi erT Caketil wreSi gamudmebiT moZraoben xvalindeli dRis SiSiT da TviTganwirvis SegrZnebiT. erT did tkivilsa da iluziaSi gadis maTi cxovreba. braldebasaviT ismis maTi frazebi `ra gaakeTes im fuliT, saqarTveloSi rac gavgzavneT?~ am frazebSi ikiTxeba maTi samSobloSi, ojaxSi dabrunebis uperspeqtivoba da wuxili. miuxedavad amisa, levan koRuaSvilis qalebi cdiloben moZebnon sakuTari sivrce, sadac Tundac ramdenime wuTiT ganmartovdebian, daiviwyeben maT, ukve sxva samyaroSi mcxovreb gaucxovebul axloblebs. nostalgiis didi grZnobiT uyureben videoCanawerebs, restoranSi mocekvave patara bavSvebs da telefoniT

`qalebi saqarTvelodan~

კინოფორუმი

17

დოკუმენტური კინო esaubrebian Svilebs, romlebisTvisac deda raRac ganyenebuli cneba da maTi materialuri keTildReobis pirobaa. saxezea daSlili, darRveuli sazogadoebrivi mentaliteti, ojaxis pirobiTi, maxinji formebi, formalurad SenarCunebulia moralur-zneobrivi orientirebi da kategoriebi. es is realobaa, romelic Tanamedrove saqarTveloSia. monologisa da dialogis monacvleobaSi kolaJurad, mozaikurad ikvreba reJisoris pozicia.

ferovnebis, usamarTlobiT gamowveuli sevdis daZleva. iq, im Caketil sivrceSi religia misTvis gaxda is sayrdeni, romelmac misca Sinagani resursebi axlidan daewyo cxovreba. pirvelive epizodiT levan koRuaSvili xazs usvams qarTuli sazogadoebis umravlesobis brma mijaWvulobas rwmenasa da eklesiaze. eklesia sazogadoebaSi adaptirebis aucilebeli elementia.

Tavisufali gogitasaTvis es elementi ukve saWiro aRar aris.

`gogitas axali cxovreba~ mxatvrul-dokumenturi filmia, ufro metad Camohgavs e.w. mokumentars _ fsevdodokumentur films. es aris istoria yofil patimarze, romelic sazogadoebis dadgenili normebis Sesabamisad cdilobs cxovrebas. cixeSi dakarguli wlebi, arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi, cxovrebidan amovardnis mwvave SegrZneba gogitas aiZulebs gamosavali ojaxis SeqmnaSi eZebos. esaa erTaderTi, rac mas SeuZlia da ramac SesaZloa Secvalos misi cxovreba; erTaderTi perspeqtivaa sazogadoebaSi TviTdamkvidrebisTvis. aqac arsebobs SezRudvebi, damkvidrebuli stereotipebi _ patarZali zustad unda Seeferebodes zogad moTxovnebs, ara mxolod Tavisi statusiT da SesaZleblobebiT, aramed garegnobiTac. `gogitas axali cxovreba~, es aris banaluri sasiyvarulo istoria uaryofasa da aRiarebaze.

internetiT dawyebuli urTierTobebi, komunikaciis martivi saSualebebi realobaSi gamousadegari xdeba, radgan virtualuri yofa TiTqmis SeuZlebels xdis imave ganwyobiT uSualo urTierTobis awyobis perspeqtivas _ is, rac SesaZlebelia virtualurad, miuRebelia realurad. ojaxis zegavleniT gogitas satrfo dawunebulia Warbi wonis gamo. virtualurobaSi gogitasTvis mniSvnelovania keTilganwyoba, ocneba, uzrunvelyofili momavlis danaxvis perspeqtiva, iluzia, romelsac satrfos garegnobasTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs. amitom is ar fiqrobs, ras ityvian sxvebi; xolo realobaSi sazogadoebis, ojaxis moTxovnis, stereotipebis winaSe is uZluri da damokidebuli xdeba, Tumca droebiT. realuri urTierTobebi xom gansxvavebul emociur speqtrTanaa kavSirSi.

filmis pirvel epizodSi, cixeSi aRebuli intervius Semdeg `Tavisuflebaze gamosuli~ gogita saxlSi wasvlamde aqtiurad eZebs Tavis sulier moZRvars, romlis daxmarebiT man SeZlo cixis rutinuli erT-

18

კინოფორუმი

baTumSi marto wasuli gogita urTierTobis awyobas fiqrobs, idealuri qalis moZebnas bulvarze cdilobs. sabWoTa periodis asociaciiT Seqmnili garemo, rusi turistebi da gogitas damokidebuleba maT mimarT migvaniSnebs rogorc sazogadoebis dabali fenis men-

დოკუმენტური კინო

“Gogita’s New Life”

talur mdgomareobaze, sabWoTa yofidan Cvevad qceul urTierTobis formebze, aseve mis Sinagan problemebze, kompleqsebze, romlebic mas Tavisufali urTierTobebis saSualebas ar aZlevs. cxovrebis `SemTxveviTi paemnebi~ ukvalod ar qreba da filmis gmirebic nebsiT Tu uneblieT isev agrZeleben urTierTobebs, vinaidan maTi kavSiri vizualze, sazogadoebis stereotipebze metia. TxrobaSi mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs musikaluri laitmotivi, romelic damatebiT emociur speqtrs da ganwyobas qmnis _ romantiul-nostalgiurs. bolo scenaSi, qarbuqSi, siciveSi moseirne wyvili, _ gogita da misi Seyvarebuli, _ cxovrebiseuli problemebis winaSe marto darCenilebi, ocneboben momavalze. Cndeba simsubuqis, TanagrZnobis, sevdis SegrZneba. vfiqrob, levan koRuaSvilis SemoqmedebisTvis niSandoblivi Txrobis simsubuqe qarTuli xasiaTis _ `poeziisa da prozis Tanaarsebobidan~ (guram asaTiani) modis. qarTuli xasiaTidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi problemebi ar uyvarT, maTze fiqri _ miTumetes. salaRobo, gasarTobi xdeba yvelaferi. esaa realobidan gaqcevis mudmivi tendencia, rac ers erT wreze siaruls aiZulebs. levan koRuaSvilis msubuqi Txrobis stilic filmis naxvisas TiTqos ar dagvafiqrebs _ ubralod, mivyebiT siuJets; magram Semdeg Cndeba raRac usiamovno SegrZneba, romelic mainc gvaiZulebs, problemebze davfiqrdeT.

People

Lost in Time Levan Koghuashvili's Documentary Film Directing MAIA LEVANIDZE

The review refers to Levan Koghuashvili’s documentaries – “Women from Georgia” and “Gogita’s New Life”. In the first film the director shows the Georgian women who, due to material hardship had to go abroad and become the only support for their families in need. The second documentary shows the psychological problems of a young man Gogita who is newly freed from prison and has to adapt to the situation again.

კინოფორუმი

19

თვალსაზრისი

თანამედროვე ქართული კინემატოგრაფი და ჟანრული კინო კითხვები და ვარაუდები მანანა ლეკბორაშვილი

Janri yofaSi myarad dafuZnebuli, yoveldRiuri kinoprocesis Cveuli da „moTvinierebuli“ terminia. nebismieri, visac hkiTxav, daufiqreblad gipasuxebs romeli Janris filmebi uyvars. bavSvebic ki arCeven Janrs, Tumca SesaZloa misi saxeli arc icodnen.

`cxeli ZaRli~

Janrs Zalze bevri ramis moyola SeuZlia epoqebze, istoriul situaciebze, eris xasiaTzec ki. am yvelaferze dafiqreba aucileblad giwevs, rogorc ki qarTuli kinos Janruli prioritetebis gaanalizebas an Tundac aRweras iwyeb. arsebobs myari prioritetebi _ drois, socialur-kulturuli, politikuri, ekonomikuri situaciis miuxedavad.

Tumca praqtika cxadyofs, rom prioritetebi icvleba xolme. amis mkafio magaliTia qarTuli kinos komediisadmi (an komediuri elementebisadmi mainc) siyvaruli. wlebis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli kinematografi amtkicebda da amkvidrebda Tavis siyvaruls cxovrebis komediur JanrSi aRqmis mimarT; iumoriT ganazavebda konfliqtis dramatulobas, xSirad tragizmsac ki; didaqtikis nacvlad iumoriT gvaswavlida Wkuas da qmnida qarTul kinoigavebs; iumoriT faravda politikur SekveTas. sad wavida es yvelaferi? Tanamedrove qarTul kinoSi komedia, rogorc Janri, aRar iZebneba; daaxloebiT aseve saZebaria iumoric, Tu ar CavTvliT sul ramdenime films, maT Soris rusudan

20

კინოფორუმი

Wyonias kinosuraTs „gaiRimeT“ (2011), levan koRuaSvilis sevdian komedias „SemTxveviTi paemnebi“ (2013), sul axlaxan gamosul nana eqvTimiSvilisa da simon grosis films „Cemi bednieri ojaxi“ (2017). ra moxda? cxovreba Seicvala? _ ki, namdvilad. _ da masTan erTad eris xasiaTic? ase advilad? ase ucbad?

Tumca, Tu davukvirdebiT, es sulac ar momxdara ucbad. ukve 80-iani wlebidan qarTul komedias daRla daetyo, am dros modis axali Taobac, romlis egzistencialur dramebSi adgili aRar darCa iumorisTvis. mdgomareoba kidev ufro mZimdeba 90-ian wlebSi, roca qarTvel sazogadoebas iumorisTvis saerTod aRar rCeba Zala, arc cxovrebaSi da miT ufro kinematografSi. Tu mainc aris

calkeuli epizodebi, sicili naZaladevis STabeWdilebas tovebs _ sicili sicilisTvis da ara rogorc samyaros aRqmis stili. mTel msoflioSi Semosavlis wyaroa Janruli kino, romelSic popularuli, samayureblo Janrebi igulisxmeba. ratom? albaT imitom, rom Janruli kino mkveTrad wamowevs kinematografiuli Txrobis im kuTxes, romelic izidavs auditoriis did nawils _ iumori iqneba es (komedia), filmis gmirebis gancdebis gaTaviseba da emociuri gantvirTva (melodrama), saocari Tavgadasavlebi (saTavgadasavlo), daZabuli molodiniT (Trileri) Tu mZafri gancdebiT (mZafrsiuJetiani filmi) sisxlis aRelveba da a.S. refleqsebis, Tandayolili grZnobebis doneze xom

თვალსაზრისი yvela adamiani erTnairia da didad ar Secvlila kacobriobis xangrZlivi istoriis ganmavlobaSi. mayurebels uyvars Janruli kino, uyvars yvelgan da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. Tumca, paradoqsia, uyvars mayurebels, magram ara reJisorebs. sabWoTa periodSi amas albaT hqonda Tavisi gamarTleba _ meTodTan da TemebTan erTad zemodan igegmeboda Janrebic. dawerili Tu dauwereli kanonebiT modelirebul realobas qarTuli kino zRaparSi, igavSi, iumorSi gaeqca. garemoebebma ganapiroba da qarTveli reJisorebisTvis mTavar metoqed ara mayurebeli, aramed cenzuris dawesebulebebi ufro

arazusti terminiT „fsiqologiuri drama“ an ufro martivad „drama“. kidev erTi mkvlevari, mixeil iampolski gvTavazobs am tipis filmebi ganisazRvros terminiT _ realisturi filmi, radgan mayurebelTa ZiriTadi masa am filmebs aRiqvams, rogorc realobis pirdapir asls. misi pirobiToba SeumCnevelia, samagierod, mis fonze sxva Janrebi avlens Tavis pirobiTobas da amgvarad, realisturi filmi gvevlineba damajereblobis normad, realobis adekvaturad asaxvis normad. es termini sakmaod nayofieri SeiZleba aRmoCndes Janruli kvlevisas da gansakuTrebiT, qarTuli Janruli `midioda matarebeli~

robiToba naklebad aris gamokveTili da ufro sinamdvilis „daumaxinjebeli“ tvifaris saxiT warudgeba mayurebels.

SeiZleba cota Segvacbunos sityva realisturma da daumaxinjebelma. qarTuli kinosTvis ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebeli ar aris realisturi formebisadmi siyvaruli, miT umetes yoveldRiuri, yofiTi realobisadmi. magram, Tu erovnul Taviseburebebs gaviTvaliswinebT, albaT swored ase aRviqvamT Cvens realobas. „realisturi filmis“ farglebSi eqceva qarTul kinoSi kidev ufro gavrcelebuli iseTi „arakanonikuri“ Janric, rogoric kinomoTxrobaa Sesustebuli dramatizmiT (an misi ararsebobiT). aseTi filmebi mihyveba cxovrebis nakads da emorCileba mocemuli garemosTvis, mocemuli droisTvis damaxasiaTebel „cxovrebis Janrs“. miT ufro axlo meCveneba es WeSmaritebasTan, rom magaliTad, komediac, romelic sruliad Camoyalibebuli popularuli kinoJanria, wesisamebr, qarTul kinorealobaSi ar eqvemdebareba komediebis arcerT cnobil klasifikacias (eqscentruli, situaciebis Tu xasiaTis). aq ver vipoviT erT RerZs da filmi Tavisuflad iTavsebs sxvadasxva nairsaxeobis niSnebs, raTa iumoriT asaxos garemo, cxovrebis wesi, personaJebi, situaciebi da ganaxorcielos mTavari mizani _ gaacinos mayurebeli.

iqca da kidev, ra Tqma unda, swrafva TviTgamoxatvisken.

Cemi dakvirvebiT, qarTveli reJisorebisTvis ufro axlobelia Janruli formebi, romlebic rusi mkvlevaris leonid kozlovis klasifikaciis mixedviT, mimeturi tendenciis dominirebiT aris Seqmnili. es tendencia upirispirdeba Janrul kinos, radgan Tavad tendenciaSi Cadebulia mxatvruli pirobiTobis uaryofis principi, principi, romelic Janrebis arsebobis aucilebeli safuZvelia. gamoricxvis meTodis gamoyenebiT _ ar gaaCnia mkveTrad gamoxatuli Janruli Tvisebebi, ar esadageba Camoyalibebuli Janrebis (deteqtivi, vesterni, muzikli da a.S.) models, _ am rigis filmebs, leonid kozlovis mixedviT, aerTianeben sakmaod

kinos kvlevisas, radgan, jer erTi, kuTvnil sivrces ubrunebs sakuTriv „fsiqologiur dramas“, rogorc specifikur Janrs, romlis ganviTarebiTac qarTuli kino ver daikvexnis; da meore, is faqtobrivad Caanacvlebs sakmaod bundovan da tipologiurad ganusazRvrel konglomerats, romelsac „saavtoro kinos“ saxeliT xSirad da arasamarTlianad upirispireben Janrul kinos.

ZiriTadad swored am tipis filmebiT aris warmodgenili qarTuli kinematografi. qarTuli drama, wesisamebr, ar aris agebuli klasikuri dramis principebze, arc mis kinematografiul saxecvlilebebze, is ufro axloa m. iampolskiseul dramis ganmartebasTan _ drama, rogorc „realisturi filmi“, romelSic pi-

rac Seexeba Janrul kinos, is pirobiTobis miseuli kanonebiT da principebiT mkveTrad determinebulia, maSinac ki, roca arRvevs an midis am kanonebis winaaRmdeg. iqneb swored es, kanonisadmi damorCilebis principi ar uyvars qarTul kinos, ar izidavs cxovrebaze sxvadasxva wertilidan Sexedvis SesaZlebloba. erTaderTi reJisori, romelsac es ainteresebs, vgoneb, giorgi Sengelaiaa, romelic meTodurad cdilobs sxvadasxva JanrSi gamoscados Tavi. mis SemoqmedebaSi iyo komediac, musikaluri komediac, miuziklic, saTavgadasavlo filmic, melodramac da politikuri igavic. sxvebisTvis es TiTqos erTeuli SemTxveviTi gamocdilebaa da, wesisamebr, warumatebeli. ase iyo adre, magram ukve 25 welia qarTuli kino damoukidebelia da damoukideblad wyvets ra Janris, ra stilis filmi gadaiRos. Tumca am da-

კინოფორუმი

21

თვალსაზრისი moukideblobas JanrebTan damokidebulebaSi bevri araferi Seucvlia _ prioritetebi, umniSvnelo cvlilebebis garda, igivea; ricxobrivad isev „realisturi filmi“ liderobs.

Tumca usamarTloba iqneba ar aRvniSnoT periodi, roca garkveuli interesi Janrisadmi SeiniSneboda. es interesi 90-ianebis bolos daiwyo da gansakuTrebiT axladfexadgmul serialebSi iCina Tavi: pioneri avTo varsimaSvilis „rozmaris Cvilis“ mixedviT gadaRebuli mistikuri hororis Janris „saxli Zvel ubanSi“ aRmoCnda, romelic 1994 wels gadaiRes. 2000-iani wlebis dasawyisidan mas mohyva, ZiriTadad, kriminaluri da deteqtiuri serialebi („mtvris gemo“, „cxeli ZaRli“, „yava da ludi“, „Tendeba gvian“, „mglebis xorumi“ da sxv.); am adreul wlebSive iyo mistikuri serialis kidev erTi mcdeloba „atagenusi“ (2004), iyo pirveli sitkomic _ „Zilis win“. am serialTa Soris iyo warumateblebic da warmatebulebic, Tumca mTlianobaSi dadebiT movlenad minda Sevafaso. iyo aqamde auTvisebeli teritoriebis aTviseba, tradiciisTvis safuZvlis Cayra; magram es kalmis mosinjvebi male damTavrda da qarTuli teleseriali, iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda, myarad SeCerda telenovelebze da sitkomebze.

`gaiRime~

22

კინოფორუმი

rac exeba did ekrans, erTi SexedviT, ufro gaumarTla melodramebs.

Tumca Tu dakvirvebiT ganvixilavT, xelSi SegvrCeba ZiriTadad ara melodramad, aramed dramad Cafiqrebuli filmebi, romlebic rigi mizezebis gamo melodramad aRiqmeba. es mizezebi ki mravalferovani SeiZleba iyos: personaJebis sworxazovneba, konfliqtis aradamajerebloba an susti ganviTareba, paTetikuroba da a.S. melodramaSi samarcxvino araferia, miT ufro _ karg melodramaSi. magram maSin mizandasaxulad unda ifiqro melodramis wesebis maqsimalurad swor da, sasurvelia, SemoqmedebiT gamoyenebaze; „SemTxveviT gamosuli“ melodrama ki, bunebrivia, ver iqneba misi saukeTeso nimuSi. melodramad Cafiqrebuli melodrama sul ori moiZebneba 2000-iani wlebis kinofilmebSi: zaza uruSaZis „darCi CemTan“ (2011) da mariam qacaravas „zRvari“ (2014). maTac, samwuxarod, ver moipoves verc kritikis da, rac mTavaria, verc mayureblis keTilganwyoba. horizontze ar Cans arc warmatebuli da xarisxiani komedia. qarTuli kino verc giorgi Sengelaias „midioda matarebliT“ (2005), verc avTo varsimaSvilis komediebiTa da ver „maita nasosebiT“ (reJ. g.kaWarava, s.

jaWvliani, 2010 da 2016) ver itrabaxebs axla Tu momavalSi. samagierod, qarTul kinorepertuarSi gamoCnda misTvis aqamde auTvisebeli Janri _ romantikuli komedia. erTi periodi es Janri sakmaod Tamamad Semovida qarTul kinosivrceSi: giorgi lifonavas „rac yvelaze Zalian giyvars“ (2008), giga aglaZis „gogona slaididan“ (2009), daviT imedaSvilis „ocnebis qalaqi“ (2010) da a.S. maTi Sesrulebis xarisxi (iseve rogorc iumoris) umetes SemTxvevaSi arc ki jdeboda kinoxelovnebis CarCoebSi, magram perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT mainc SeiZleboda is dadebiT movlenad migveCnia. Tumca moZraoba am mimarTulebiT maleve Sewyda, SesaZloa, warumateblobiT gamowveuli gulacruebis gamo _ ramdenime gamonaklisis garda, mayurebeli am filmebiT ar aRfrTovanebula. raRa darCa? SeiZleba gavixsenoT „sezoni“ (2010, reJ. daTo borCxaZe) _ mistikuri drama, Trileri _ „241 gradusi farenheitiT“ (reJ. levan baxia da beqa jguburia, 2011)... sxva Janruli filmebis gaxseneba Wirs, rac imaze mianiSnebs, rom, Tu aseTebi iyo kidec, maT qarTuli kinoprocesisTvis SeumCnevlad Caiares _ ver SeamCnia mayurebelma, ver SeamCnia kritikam. ra aris aseTi simwiris mizezi?

POINT OF VIEW

MODERN GEORGIAN FILMMAKING `SemTxveviTi paemnebi~

iqneb is, rom qarTuli kinosTvis mayurebeli abstraqtuli cnebaa. ase iyo sabWoTa periodSi, roca reJisorisTvis mTavari gamowveva zemdgomi organoebi iyo. ase rCeba dResac, roca aseT gamowvevad safestivalo cxovreba iqca. es arcaa gasakviri qveyanaSi sul ramdenime kinoTeatris, arasando aRricxvisa da kompiuterebs mijaWvuli mayureblis pirobebSi. festivalebi ki, cnobili faqtia, Janrul kinos didad ar swyaloben, mxolod gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi. am gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebs ki didi finansebi an didi SemoqmedebiTi niWi qmnis, an orive erTad. iqneb mizezi isic aris, rom „realisturi filmi“, rogorc zemoT vTqvi, cxovrebas minimalurad amuSavebs, ekranze misi gadatana TiTqmis intuiciiT xdeba, is ar moiTxovs pirobiTobis kanonebze fiqrs da maT zedmiwevniT dacvas. iqneb qarTvel reJisorebs, ara Tu ar ician da ar SeuZliaT, principulad ar surT imuSaon Janris kanonebis mixedviT, miuReblad Tvlian daemorCilon rames, garda sakuTari STagonebisa? vfiqrob, arc am mizezis gamoricxva SeiZleba, radgan am sijiutis kvali bevr Janrul kinos etyoba. asea Tu ise, damoukideblobis 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTul kinos gansakuTrebuli interesi Janruli kinosadmi ar gamouCenia da Tu gamouCenia, ufro xSirad warumateblad. maS, romeli Janris sivrceSia ganTavsebuli qarTuli filmebi, romelTa gamarjvebebis Sesaxeb weren festivalebi, romelTac elodebian Tbilisis ekranebze? isev da isev „realisturi filmis“ farglebSi, tradicia grZeldeba.

erTaderTi cvlileba, rac mkafiod gamoikveTa, es aris garkveuli moZraoba dramis Janrisken, ukve ara „realisturi filmis“ gagebiT. bolo periodis qarTul filmebs daetyo konfliqtis Ziebis, misi Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis survili, interesi personaJebis araerTmniSvnelovani daxasiaTebisken, yuradReba socialuri fonisadmi. es mimarTuleba arc iumors uxSobs kars, arc ironias da saSualebas iZleva tradicia spiralis axal xveulze gavagrZeloT. magram ra vuyoT siaxlis survils? iqneb jobs arc viocneboT popularul Janrebze da moTxovnileba garedan Semosuli produqciiT davikmayofiloT (deficitze namdvilad ver daviCivlebT), xolo warmoebiT vimuSaoT CvenTvis kargad nacnobi da gamocdili mimarTulebiT, sadac warmatebis gzebi karga xania gakvalulia. ara mgonia es kargi arCevani iyos.

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, erovnuli prioritetebi kargia, magram nebismier kinematografs unda hqondes kargad gantotvili Janruli sistema, romlis yvela toti SeiZleba erTnairad nayofieri ar aRmoCndes, magram yvelaze sustic ki amdidrebs da axal perspeqtivebs usaxavs qveynis kinematografiul ganviTarebas. arada, ra sainteresod SeiZleba qarTuli xasiaTis, qarTuli cxovrebis, azrovnebis stilis sxvadasxva Janrul sibrtyeSi gaSla da kvleva.

CINEMATOGRAPHY AND GENRE FILM – QUESTIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS MANANA LEKBORASHVILI Genre – is a fixed, common term of the daily filmmaking process.

Any person will readily tell you about their favorite genre when asked.

There are set priorities notwithstanding the time, social-cultural, political and economic situations. Perhaps you thought that it was stable and almost considered as the basis of national character. Then, we discover that it has worked differently: the thing you considered to be eternal has drastically changed. Nothing has been left from the past priorities. Fondness of Georgian cinema for comedy (or at least comic elements) will serve as a clear example.

I deeply believe that national priorities are important but any filmmaker should have a well-branched genre system. Every branch of it cannot turn out equally fruitful, however, even the weakest one enriches and advances the development of the country’s cinematography. It is possible to expand and study Georgian life, thinking style in different genres, though.

magram Cven, kritikas, mayurebelTan erTad SegviZlia mxolod viocneboT, saboloo sityva scenaristebze da reJisorebzea.

კინოფორუმი

23

კინო ჩემ ცხოვრებაში

ლევან ბერძენიშვილი:

ჩემს თაობას კინო უყვარდა გულწრფელად `kinematografi iseTive srulyofili, seriozuli xelovnebaa, rogoric poezia, musika, mxatvroba, arqiteqtura da sxv.~ _ ambobda andrei tarkovski. amasTan kino yvelaze masobrivi dargia zemoqmedebis uzarmazari SesaZlobiT. adamianebs uyvarT kino, es jadosnuri samyaro, romelsac raRac ucnauri ZaliT gadahyavxar Tavis samflobeloSi _ xan sixaruls gangacdevinebs, xanac sevdas; xan gacinebs da xanac gatirebs; xan Zalian sasurvels gTavazobs da xan ki _ sruliad miuRebels. Sen yvela SemTxvevaSi uyureb da ganicdi imas, rasac ekranze xedav, imitom, rom giyvars. xSirad imasac aRmoaCen, rom mas Sens cxovrebaze gavlena mouxdenia, Sens pirovnebad CamoyalibebaSi wvlili aqvs. yvela adamians Tavisi damokidebuleba aqvs kinosTan, subieqturi, mxolod miseuli da yvelas cxovrebaSi mas sxvadasxvagvari adgili ukavia. rubrikiT _ kino Cems cxovrebaSi, nomridan nomerSi SemogTavazebT sxvadasxva dargSi moRvawe adamianTa statiebs, romlebSic isini isaubreben TavianT damokidebulebaze kinosTan, kinos rolze maT cxovrebaSi. rubrikas xsnis ilias universitetis profesori levan berZeniSvili.

24

კინოფორუმი

CemTvis, rogorc klasikuri filologiis specialistisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT mniSnelovania xelovnebis is dargebi, romlebic Zveli berZnebidan momdinareobs. kino swored maT Soris aris. is, rogorc xelovnebis dargi, ver daibadeboda, rom ara berZnuli Teatri, romelic aRmoCnda fundamenti kinematografisa. ra Tqma unda, es me ar vicodi maSin, rodesac kino miyvarda, miyvarda didi gatacebiT. bavSvobidan mokidebuli dRemde SemrCa es siyvaruli. me, rasakvirvelia, gamonaklisi ar vyofilvar, Cems Taobas kinosadmi gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba hqonda. da ai, ratom: axla, ganvlil wlebs rom vuyureb, vfiqrob, rom ucxoeTidan Semosuli kino iyo erTaderTi namdvili, rac gvqonda. sxva yvelaferi, ZiriTadad, ideologizebuli iyo. Tanamedrove ucxouri literaturac ki ar iTargmneboda saTanadod, mxolod Zalian SerCeviT (folkneri rom iTargmna, magaliTad, CvenTan, me 22 wlis viyavi ukve). kinosTvis ki ratomRac sabWoeTis kari gaxsnili iyo _ miiCneoda, rom is su-

კინო ჩემს ცხოვრებაში raTebi, _ ZiriTadad frangul-italiuri da italiuri neorealizmis filmebi SemohqondaT, _ uwyinari iyo da aranair saSiSroebas ar uqmnida sabWoTa ideologias. es maTi didi Secdoma iyo, imitom, rom piradad Cemze da darwmunebuli var, me gamonaklisi ar gaxlavarT, arafers iseTi gavlena ar mouxdenia, rogorc im kinos, Torem iaffasiani Zexvi, ase Tu ise, aqac iSoveboda. ra maqvs mxedvelobaSi: kinom gviCvena is samyaro, romelzec Cven warmodgena ar gvqonda. maxsovs sul gaognebuli viyavi, Tu rogor cxovrobdnen Tavisufali qveynis Tavisufali adamianebi. erTi filmi gadioda _ `colqmruli cxovreba~ (igulisxmeba andre kaiatis 1968 wels gadaRebuli filmi _ red.), romelic gansakuTrebiT damamaxsovrda. orseriian suraTSi erT seriaSi coli yveboda maTi urTierTobis problemebze da meoreSi _ qmari. pirvelad davdeqi faqtis winaSe, rom raRac SeiZlebas iyos saeWvo. sabWoeTSi xom yvelaferi dalagebuli iyo _ raikomis mdivani yovelTvis marTali iyo, misi qveSevrdomi _ mtyuani; profesori marTali iyo, docenti _ nakleb marTali. muSa da glexi, raRa Tqma unda _ camde marTlebi da ase Semdeg. am sruli `garkveulobisa~ da ukonfliqtobis garemoSi raRac kiTxvis niSnebis dasma da Tanac upasuxod datoveba (reJisors araviTari survili ar gasCenia mtyuan-marTali gaerCia), es veeberTela siaxle iyo piradad CemTvis. amas mohyva ukve Sedevri iaponuri kinosi _ kurosavas `rasiomoni~, sadac saerTod gaurkveveli darCa vin vin mokla, ratom mokla da ase... amgvari rameebi gacilebiT met zemoqmedebas axdenda, vidre sxva yvelaferi. me absoluturad darwmunebuli var, rom Cems pirovnebad

CamoyalibebaSi dasavleTis kinom gacilebiT didi zegavlena moaxdina, vidre radio amerikis xmam. es ukanaskneli ideologizebuli iyo _ ZiriTadad ssr kavSiris kritikiT Semoifargleboda; kinos gacilebiT meti SesaZleblobebi aqvs. sabolood, SemiZlia vTqva, rom filmma _ `roko da misi Zmebi~ gadawyvita, me vin var. Tuki kargi ram moxda Cems cxovrebaSi, es aris literaturisa da kinos damsaxureba; es aris, ZiriTadad, dostoevskis `Zmebi karamazovebis~, folkneris `xmauri da mZvinvarebis~ da film `roko da misi Zmebis~ damsaxureba. is, rac me da Cemma Taobam vnaxeT am filmSi, ramac ase SegvZra maSin, _ rogor iTrevs industria adamianebs, qalaqi acarielebs sofels, rogor iSoveba pirveli fuli da ase Semdeg, _ es yvelaferi ukve Semdeg sakuTar qveyanaSi viwvnieT; ase vTqvaT, roko da misi Zmebi qarTuli SesrulebiT. ki, cenzuras gadioda suraTebi _ raRacas Wridnen, iRebdnen, magram gadaRebuls xom verafers uzamdnen da is, rac rCeboda am Wra-kuwvis Semdeg, mainc sakmarisi iyo. felinis, antonionis, viskontis ra unda daaklo?! ra unda daaklo im xarisxs, rac maT filmebs gamoarCevs. mxatvruli ostatobis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli filmebi, rasakvirvelia, im simaRleze ver iyo da ver aris dResac. Cveni kino Cvenive literaturis doneze ar yofila. mokled, kinoSi galaktioni ar gvyavs. Cveni filmebi sxva dadebiTi muxtiT gamoirCeva _ aq aris siwminde, sulieri sisufTave. ostatoba ki jer kidev saswavlia. gavlenaze ukve vTqvi. axla siyvaruli? _ Cem Taobas kino uyvarda gulwrfelad. davdiodiT yvela filmze ganurCevlad _ sad iyo imis fufuneba, gagverCia, ra gvenaxa da ra ara axlandeli pragmatuli Taobisgan

`naTlimama~

კინოფორუმი

25

კინო ჩემს ცხოვრებაში gansxvavebiT, winaswar rom arCeven, ra unda naxon da ra ara. yoveli axali Semosuli filmi movlena iyo Cvens yoveldRiurobaSi. maxsovs gadavsebuli darbazebi, bileTebis verSovna, grZeli rigebi, nacnobebisaTvis fulis da bileTis gadawodeba-gadmowodeba am rigebSi. Sexvidodi da SeiZleba dagxvedroda `fantomasis~ anda `Santekleris dedoflis~ msgavsi suraTi, magram es kino iyo da ar dagidevdiT, vargoda Tu ar vargoda. `Tavgadasavlebis maZieblebi~, magaliTad, verc getyviT, ramdenjer vnaxe _ ramdenjerac gavida baTumSi, imdenjer... maSin jer gemovneba ar mqonda Camoyalibebuli, rom gameanalizebina nanaxi; gamerkvia, romeli filmi iyo mxatvrulad Rirebuli da romeli naklebad. mere nel-nela daixvewa gemovneba, aRqma; TandaTan mivxvdi, laTinebis gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobas _ `Ars est celare ertem~ _ `xelovneba aris xelovnebis damalva~. me momwons es dafaruli xelovneba, aisbergis principi, rodesac imaze meti damalulia, vidre Cans; rodesac saTqmels bolomde ar giSifravs avtori da safiqrals gitovebs; amitom myavs Cemi avtorebi, Cemi reJisorebi. me vfiqrob, rom Cemi, rogorc mayureblis, saqme ar aris kinos Sida samzareulo. vTqvaT, saavtoro Tu masobrivi kino? CemTvis mTavaria kino kargi iyos. me ar vfiqrob, rom filmi apriori dabalmxatvruli Rirebulebisaa, Tu man soliduri Semosavali uzrunvelyo. `naTlimama~, magaliTisaTvis, CemTvis Sedevria da arc imas dagimalavT, arCevanis winaSe rom davdge _ `naTlimamaSi~ unda wavide, Tu `fani da aleqsandreSi~, pirvels avirCev. `fani da aleqsandre~ sxva garemoSi mirCevnia vnaxo _ saxlSi, myudrod, kompiuterTan, Sesabamis ganwyobaze myofma.

`rasiomoni~

kinos mxolod Cem Taobaze rodi hqonda didi gavlena. es Zala mas aqvs, is saukeTeso propagandistia da amdenad, misi gamoyeneba Zalian kargad aris SesaZlebeli. amis magaliTad gamodgeba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, romelic, SeiZleba iTqvas, sxva yvelaferTan erTad kinomac aaSena. iq kino mSvenivrad akeTebs Tavis saqmes. qveynis oficialuri kultura iq kinematografma seriozulad gansazRvra. politkoreqtulobis danergvaSi, magaliTad, lomis wili misia _ ofisebis sametyvelo ena man Camoayaliba. ojaxis gareT (ojaxebSi rogorc undaT, ise laparakoben), magaliTad, amerikeli ar ityvis: zangi, unda Tqvas afro-amerikeli, indielze _ mkvidri amerikeli da ase Semdeg. an kidev: Savkaniani aucileblad pozitiuri personaJi unda iyos. Tu borotia gamoyvanili, gverdiT uTuod keTilic unda iyos. Serifi mousyidavi da samarTliania da sxva amgvarebi...ase rom, kino `muSaobs~, qveynisaTvis irjeba. rac Seexeba amerikuli kinos, rogorc xelovnebis, specifikas, mas sakuTari wesebi aqvs: gmiris gamarjveba bolomde gamarjveba unda iyos. erT filmSi, magaliTad, gmiri ki imarjvebs, magram xels kargavs. es maTTvis ukve srulyofili gamarjveba aRar aris da amitom suraTma oskari ver miiRo. amerikelebis gemovneba ukve kargad vici, amitom momaval oskarosan films zustad ganvsazRvrav xolme. erT wels amerikaSi viyavi swored oskarebis dajildoebis win da erT Cems, CemsaviT kinos moyvarul, iqaur megobarTan erTad oskarze wardgenili aTi filmidan cxra vnaxe da zustad gamovicani, romeli dajildovdeboda. holivudis kinos, saerTod, anglo-saqsuri kinematografis specifikaa kargi dasasruli daaxloebiT amgvari paTosiT: cxovrebam yvelas Tavisi adgili miuCina. ese igi samarTlianoba aRdgenilia. sxvaTa Soris, hepiendi uxarisxobis niSani ar aris. kino aris Tanamedrove miTologia. is aucileblad unda Seicavdes miTosis elementebs da Tu is demiTologizebuli, desakralizebulia, uTuod kargavs raRac arsebiTsa da mniSvnelovans. magaliTisTvis movitan Tanamedrove rusi reJisoris andrei zviagincevis films `arsiyvaruli~ (`Нелюбовь~). sakmaod Zlieri suraTia, Tumca oskari ver miiRo, rac ar gamkvirvebia, radgan filmSi aris uzarmazari simarTle da mxolod simarTle da araa miTis elementebic ki. es ukve maTi gemovnebis ar aris. me orive miyvars; sulelur filmsac ki SemiZlia vuyuro Tundac erTi lamazi kadris, momxiblavi miTis gulisTvis. zemoT `Tavgadasavlebis maZieblebi~ vaxsene. filmSi aris kadri _ triumfaluri TaRis qveS TviTmfrinavi gafrindeba. am filmis naxvidan karga xnis Semdeg davadgine, rom es SeuZleblia _ TaRis qveS ver gafrindeba veranairi TviTmfrinavi da parizSi yofnisas (sxvaTa Soris, roca bavSvobasa da axalgazrdul wlebSi amdeni franguli filmi gaqvs nanaxi da Semdeg parizSi xvdebi, iseTi grZnoba giCndeba, TiTqos nacnob, mSobliur garemoSi moxvdi) erT rigiT frangs vkiTxe, SeiZleba Tu ara arkis qveS TviTmfrinavi gafrindes-meTqi. _ kino iyos da... frTebs mokecavs da ise gafrindebao, mipasuxa RimiliT. es aris kinomiTosi. marTlac, ra mniSvneloba aqvs sinamdvileSi, es asea Tu ara, ra mniSvneloba aqvs, gafrindeba Tu ara uremi Serekilebis Wkuaze, Cven xom viciT, rom isini gafrindnen!

26

კინოფორუმი

CINEMA INრუბრიკა MY LIFE

MY GENERATION DID LIKE THE CINEMA FRANKLY LEVAN BERDZENISHVILI

We had the special attitude to the cinema. I will tell you why: films from abroad were the only real things we owned by then. Everything else was artificial, ideologically driven. For some reason, Soviet doors were open to the cinema – it was considered so that those imported films, basically French-Italian, and Italian neorealist ones – were mild and did not threaten the Soviet ideology. It was a big mistake made by them because nothing had a more impact on me personally than the cinema of that time and I am sure I am not an exception. I mean the following: the cinema showed us the world we had not known before. I am absolutely sure that the cinema of the west had a far more effect on shaping my personality than the Voice of America. The

latter was dictated by an ideological bias – generally, it was limited to the criticism of the Soviet Union; the cinema has much more possibilities. I can definitely say that the film “Rocco and His Brothers” decided who I am. If anything good happened in my life it is because of literature and the cinema; Basically, I owe much to “The Brothers Karamazov” by Dostoevsky, “The Sound and The Fury” by Faulkner and the movie film “Rocco and His Brothers”. The cinema affected not only my generation.

This power belongs to it which makes the cinema the best promoter. Therefore, it is possible to use it well.

The United States of America is a good example. It can be said that among others the cinema contributed to the building of the US, too. The cinema does its best there.

კინოფორუმი

27

რეცენზია

პირისპირ სიცარიელესთან ნათია კოპალეიშვილი

kino eris da istoriuli mexsierebis rTuli periodebis amsaxveli saukeTeso gamogonebaa. ase iyo misi gamogonebis pirvelive wlebSi da asea dResac. giorgi ovaSvilis uaxlesi namuSevari `xibula~ qarTveli eris istoriis erT-erT urTules periods _ 90-iani wlebis sinamdviles exeba; periods, rodesac samoqalaqo dapirispirebam umZimesi formebi SeiZina.

28

კინოფორუმი

prezident gamsaxurdias devnilobis bolo ramdenime dRis amsaxveli filmi giorgi ovaSvilma 2017 wels Seqmna. `xibulas“ scenarze man holandiel dramaturg rolaf ian minebosTan erTad imuSava; filmis operatoria italieli enriko luCidi; montaJi ki cnobil koreel memontaJes kim son-mins ekuTvnis, romelmac giorgi ovaSvilis bolo sam filmze imuSava. reJisorisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganzogadebis da daxvewili esTetikis niSnebi Tavs iCens filmis pirvelive epizodebSi. ekranze vxedavT erTgvar filosofiur-warmosaxviT realobas, romelSic SeiZleba aRmoCndes urTules situaciaSi moqceuli adamiani. TavisTavad, amgvari arCevani ukve ganapirobebda sirTuleebs filmis avtorisTvis. ker-

Zod, saavtoro koncefciis ZiebaSi advilad SeiZleboda filmi politikur da tendenciur, da amdenad, sruliad gaumarTlebel CarCoSi moqceuliyo. Tumca amjerad saqarTvelos istoriis es faqti ubralo adamianur tragediamde, devnisa da gariyvis rTul sinamdvilemde ganzogadda.

Tavdapirvelad devnili prezidentis mZime, dramatuli gancdiT aRsavse pirovneba Riad ar Sedis mayurebelTan kontaqtSi, distancirebulia _ Tavis mxleblebTan erTad gadaadgildeba, imaleba, fiqrobs, rTul gadawyvetilebebs iRebs, xvdeba agresiulad ganwyobil adamianebsac da Tayvanismcemlebsac, magram arasodes amJRavnebs Tavis damokidebulebas bolomde. sul ramdenime wuTSi Cven Tvalwin igi

რეცენზია gardaiqmneba tragikul adamianad, romelsac esmis, ra ubedureba moutana mis xalxs am dapirispirebam, rom gamosavali aRar arsebobs da rom dasasruli axlosaa. filmis avtorebi pirquS, magram ulamazes, xalxisagan daclil adgilebs, soflebs, gzebs ise gviCveneben, TiTqos aqaurobas omi an usiamovneba arc ki Sexebodes. TeTr Tovlsa da zamTris, xandaxan ki gazafxulis (filmis finalur epizodebSi) peizaJebSi saocrad uadgiloa omis, xmauris, vertmfrenebis gugunisa da dartymis molodini, Tumca yovelive es Tavsebadicaa, vinaidan Tavad adamianuri buneba itevs pozitivTan erTad Ralats, cinizms, ugunurebas, rac, sxvaTa Soris, mTavari gmirisTvisac ar aris ucxo _ igi yoveliveSi sakuTar Secdomebsac moiazrebs. is am sivrceSi Cveulebrivi, ganwiruli adamiania da swored axla aqvs dro mixvdes, dafiqrdes, inanos, an ganrisxdes. am daZabul, pirquS garemoSi filmis avtorebi mainc axerxeben adgili

moitovon yofiTi simsubuqisaTvis _ mdinareze gadasvlisas dasvelebuli yofili premier-ministris komikuri mdgomareoba iqneba es, rac bavSvurad gaaxalisebs devnil prezidents, Tu misi dacvis wevris moulodnelad aRZruli vneba SemTxveviTi qalis mimarT. esec ubiZgebs devnil prezidents, gaacnobieros sinamdvile; mixvdes, rom, upirvelesad buneba, sicocxle karnaxobs adamianebs Tavis kanonebs da mxolod mere _ politika, pozicia, sazogadoeba; rom yvelafris miuxedavad samyaro Tavisi cxovrebiT icxovrebs, rom mas Tavisi, dauwereli, martivi kanonebi aqvs. giorgi ovaSvilisTvis mniSvnelovania reJisorisa da operatoris harmoniuli muSaoba, rac am filmSic aSkaraa da rac, Cemi azriT, misi Semoqmedebis warmatebis erT-erTi ganmapirobebelia. dinamikuri, cocxali da tragikuli gancdiT damuxtuli namuSevari, savse xedviTi mignebebiT da amdenad _ garkveuli mxatvruli momxibvlelobiT, swored

reJisorisa da damdgmeli operatoris individualizms usvams xazs. sainteresoa aseve reJisoris muSaoba msaxiobTan, vinaidan misi ZiriTadi sayrdeni, iseve rogorc sxva filmebSi, `xibulaSic“ mTavari moqmedi gmiria, romlis xasiaTis gasaxsnelad SerCeuli Zunwi StrixebiT eZebs ganwyobis Sesatyvis gansakuTrebul aqcentebs da yovelTvis midis Sedegamde. filmis vizualuri struqtura TiTqmis erTiania, drodadro garTulebuli azris koncentrireba am azris sirTulis ki ara, rTuli TxrobiTi jaWvis Sedegia.

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom avtorma SeZlo mTavar gmirTan da danarCen ramdenime xasiaTTan dakavSirebuli saWiro konkretuli niSan-Tvisebebis migneba da gamoyeneba. giorgi ovaSvili bunebriv dramaturgiul qargas gvTavazobs, rac, rogorc Cans, misi saavtoro stilia _ mTavari gmiris urTierToba adamianebTan, emociebisa da replikebis gacvlagamocvla esTetikurad daxvewili gamosaxulebis xarjze, vfiqrob,

კინოფორუმი

29

რეცენზია

bunebrivad gamoiyureba. avtori ar acxadebs pretenzias am tragikuli movlenis masStabur ganzogadebaze, magram, vityodi, rom TviT movlenis, istoriis interpretirebis mcdeloba CemTvis bevrad ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre vrceli Temebis fragmentuli xedva. es pozicia saSualebas aZlevs avtorebs, ar Caiketon Txrobis erT, romelime mZime CarCoSi, erT mTlianobad aRiqvan ambavi da srulyofilad SeigrZnon dasasrulisken mimavali mTavari gmiris gancda. xasiaTis Zlivs SesamCnevi cvlilebebi, romelic Cven Tvalwin sacnauri xdeba, swored am ritmis Sesatyvisia. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos dokumenturi masalis specifika, sirTule da garkveuli aucilebloba, rac masalisadmi midgomisas dakvirvebul, zust da mtkiced Camoyali-

30

კინოფორუმი

bebul xedvas moiTxovda avtorisagan, rasac, man vfiqrob, warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi. igi advilad iazrebs mis xelT arsebul masalas da bunebrivad gvawvdis mas; ainteresebs cocxali portreti Tavisi gmirisa da ar kmayofildeba mxolod martivi monaxaziT. unda iTqvas, rom TiTqmis arsad aris gamoyenebuli mxolod informaciuli, istoriuli, mSrali masala. filmma metad saintereso da TviTmyofadi xasiaTi gamoZerwa da im samyaros warmoCenasac Seecada, romelic TiTqos erT mTlian wres kravs gmiris irgvliv, aRsavses simSvidiTa da amavdroulad ukiduresi daZabulobiT. xasiaTi, romelsac giorgi ovaSvili gviCvenebs, ukve calke arsebuli, TavisTavadi, kinematografiuli, ganyenebuli realobaa. amgvar kinematografs SeuZlia

dainaxos ori realoba _ realurad arsebuli da mis aRqmaSi gacocxlebuli. yofis, yoveldRiurobis qronika am realobas cocxal movlenad aqcevs. film `xibulaSi~ avtorma kvlav warmoadgina erTgvari xedviTi saavtoro stili, romelic misi xelweris maxasiaTebel niSnad iqca, da rac bunebisa da daxvewili esTetikis xazgasmiT miiRweva. avtori erT mTlian, sevdian gancdas gviqmnis, rac saSualebas aZlevs mayurebels iolad gaiazros ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad aucilebeli sazRvrebi; igulisxmos, daasrulos devnili adamianis tragikuli ambavi, mixvdes im amaoebas, romlis Tanaxmadac yvelaze mniSvnelovani da moCvenebiTad gazrdili politikuri poziciac ki kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas da araraobad gadaiqceva.

REVIEW

Facing the Emptiness

"Khibula"

NATIA KOPALEISHVILI Khibula is a village in the west Georgia. The tragedy took place here, in this village: President Gamsakhurdia became the victim of a bullet. In 2017 Giorgi Ovashvili made the film about the las+t days of the President Gamsakhurdia in exile.

The signs of generalization and refined aesthetics characteristic to the director are vivid from the very first episodes of the film. We can see on the screen a certain philosophical-virtual reality in which a human being in the most difficult situation found himself.

To make such a choice obviously caused problems to the author of

the film. Particularly, while searching the author’s concept the film might have been easily limited to political and tendentious and, thus absolutely unjustifiable frames. However, this fact from the history of Georgia has been generalized to the complex reality of the ordinary human tragedy, persecution and ostracizing so far.

The film created excessively interesting and original character and even made an attempt to demonstrate the world which seemingly forms one complete circle around the protagonist full of peace and at the same time, ultimate tension. The character

shown by Giorgi Ovashvili is already the separately existed, peculiar, cinematographic, abstract reality.

A filmmaker like him can see two realities – really existed and the one revived in his perception. Chronicles of everyday life turns this reality into live phenomenon.

In the film “Khibula” the author presented one more time a certain visual style which has become a characteristic feature of his own signature and which is achieved through emphasizing the nature and refined aesthetics.

კინოფორუმი

31

რეცენზია

მარტოობა ¨ოჯახურ ინტერიერში¨... �ჩემი ბედნიერი ოჯახი�

ფილმის ავტორები: ნანა ექვთიმიშვილი, სიმონ გროსი qarTuli kinos istoriis gansakuTrebiT gamorCeul periodSi, XX saukunis 60-70-an wlebSi, Secvlil realobaSi danaxulma sinamdvilem jer kidev im Taobis mayureblisTvis gaxsna da farTod gaSala Tematika, romlis irgvlivac yovelTvis iqmneboda azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. pirovnuli da zogadi drama adamianisa, romelsac arCevnis saxifaTo zRvarze uwevs yofna, didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iwvevda kamaTs. arada, amgvari daZabulobis sindromi Cveni mentalobis ganuyofeli nawili iyo imxanad da, bunebrivia, yovelTvis icocxlebs garkveul sivrcesa da mocemulobaSic.

32

კინოფორუმი

`didi mwvane velis“ (1967, reJ. merab kokoCaSvili), `ramdenime interviu pirad sakiTxebze“ (1978, reJ. lana RoRoberiZe) da sxva filmebis Tematur safuZvelSi arsebuli winaaRmdegoba sazogadod miRebul cxovrebiseul valdebulebebTan Tu tyveobis momaswavebel cxovrebis wesTan sakmaod mwvaved da, rac mTavaria, dramatuli konfliqtis sicxadiT asaxavda xelovanis, moazrovne adamianis Seugueblobas mentalurzneobriv dilemasTan. magram qveynis krizisis periodTan erTad es Temebic ganviTarebis gareSe darCenili qarTuli kinos nawilad iqca. ZiriTadad, es gasuli saukunis 90-an wlebs exeba. 2000-ani wlebidan dawyebuli, axali procesebis kvaldakval, qarTul kinoSi kvlav daiwyo Tematuri siaxlisa da arsebuli, mudmivad aqtualuri motivebis gacocxlebis

ქეთევან ტრაპაიძე xana. Tumc, amgvari Ziebebi arasdros warimarTeba calmxrivi pozitiurobiT da misi Tanmdevi yovelTvis an sazogadoebrivi azria, an mxatvruli azrovnebis garkveuli tipis sawinaaRmdego pozicia. am realobis sapirispirod unda iTqvas, rom mxatvruli Txrobis stili, xerxi, romelic reJisorebma nana eqvTimiSvilma da simon grosma airCies 2017 wels gadaRebul filmSi `Cemi bednieri ojaxi“, sruliad gamoricxavs sazogadoebriv standartTan dapirispirebis an agresiuli uaryofis niSnebsac ki.

XX saukunis 60-70-ani wlebis ori kinonamuSevari SemTxveviT ar vaxsene, romlebic, cxovrebiseul pirobiTobasTan dapirispirebuli adamianebis mZime sulier tragediaze mogviTxrobs. igive problema Cndeba

რეცენზია ba, sxvadasxva Taobis sami wyvili saxlSi, stumrebi, Zma da naTesavebi, romelTa dasaxvedrad, Sesagebeblad da gasamaspinZleblad mananas dedas (berta xafava), savaraudod ganvlili wlebis naxevarze meti aqvs daxarjuli, axalgazrda Svilebi _ aqedanve SeCveulni amgvar yofas; qmari (merab niniZe), romelic wesieri kacis (Tavad ganmartebac ki uneblie Rimils iwvevs) imijs atarebs (aris kidec amgvari adamiani, vinaidan wesiereba misTvis primitiul simSvidesTanac asocirdeba) da mama (goven WeiSvili), romelic drodadro mZime simarTlesac ityvis, Tumca upasuxod darCeba... aseTia sivrce, romelic mananasTvis `mSobliuri saxlia“. filmis avtorebma albaT Tavidanve Tqves uari amgvari yofis damZimebaze dramatuli detalebiT, rac maT naazrevs mxatvrulad gawonasworebul namuSevrad aqcevs. naqiraveb binaSi, sadRac gareubanSi, mouwyobel yofaSi wasuli manana uars ambobs srulwlovan SvilebTan Tanacxovrebazec ki _ warmoudgeneli da umZimesi faqti adamianisTvis, visac araferi aqvs sakuTari da visi piradi sivrcec, savaraudod, mxolod loginis oriode metria... uaxlesi qarTuli kinos ekranebze da `Cemi bednieri ojaxi“ aramed bunebrivad motanili problemebis mTeli speqtris gamoxatulebad iqca erTi kerZo, konkretuli, TiTqos arafriT gamorCeuli ojaxuri ambis Txrobis fonze. ra aris martooba maTTvis, visac sakuTar TavTan marto darCenisaTvis brZola unda gadaxdes Tavs? _ savaraudod, ojaxis mtrad, an kidev uaresi, arajansaRi fsiqikis mqone adamianad gamoacxadeben. da Tumca mananas (ia SuRliaSvili), romelmac 50 wels gadaabija, yovelive amis daZleva SeuZlia, mas mainc uwevs gaiaros yvela safexuri, romelsac mSoblebis, qmris, Svilebisa da gaugebari misiis, magram yovelTvis CarevisaTvis mzadmyofi naTesavebis protesti mohyveba. qali, romelic iZulebulia brZoliT gamoglijos martooba garemocvas, uars ambobs namdvil komunaSi cxovrebaze _ sxvagvarad ver vuwodebT samyaros, romelic filmis avtorebma zomieri detalebiT asaxes ekranze: Cveuli, viwro, martivi interierebiT da ganZarculi, mwiri yofiT aRbeWdili garemo, arsebobas SeCveuli yoveldRiuro-

`Cemi bednieri ojaxis“ ironiuli qveteqstic swored am mimarTulebiT viTardeba _ tragedia ibadeba da izrdeba imis paralelurad, ramdenadac mananas axireba (ase aRiqvamen mis gadawyvetilebas ojaxis wevrebi), ubralo gadaRlilobad da droebiT movlenadaa miCneuli, Tumca dro gadis da araferi icvleba. piriqiT, nebismieri azris sapirispirod, manana yovelgvari konfliqtis gareSe iwyebs cxovrebas sxva saxlSi, sxva nivTebis, aivanze gulubryvilod Carguli mcenareebisa da mis mier aseve gulmodgined, siyvaruliT mowyobil axal yofaSi, sadac TiTqos komikur, droul metaforul protestad Cndeba sayvareli Cvevebic _ magaliTad, sadilobis magivrad tortis mirTmeva TiTqmis yoveldRe. yovelive es TiTqos pasuxia mananas dedis gauTavebel SeniSvnebze, rodis, vin, sad da rogor unda isadilos, vin rogor unda moiqces, vin rogor unda daafasos qmari, ojaxi da ase Semdeg. manana ar iwyebs Ria konfliqts, ar epasuxeba agresiul, momTxovn naTesavebs, romelTa laquci da pirferoba, samwuxarod, zemoT naxsenebi mentaluri valdebulebis ganuyofe-

li nawilia. martivad asaxul pasiur nabijebSi, romelsac filmis gmiri dgams yvela mimarTulebiT, araferia iseTi, rac sxvas Seuracxyofs, Tumca is Tavad bevrjer Seuracxyves _ SemTxveviT aRmoCenili adreuli RalatiT, nayalbevi da kategoriuli paTosiT ojaxuri valdebulebebis Sesaxeb, tyveobis ukidegano da mzardi formiT, xalxmraval, mouwyobel yofaSi sxva adamianebisaTvis angariSgawevis moTxovniT. rogoria qarTuli kinos dRevandeli gmiris pasuxi yovelive amaze? _ kinematografiulad saintereso, emociebiT, Tumca ara dramatuli siWarbiT gamorCeul kadrebSi, mananas martoobisa da misi xalxmraval garemoSi yofnis epizodebSi yovelTvis Cndeba martivi ambis aseve martivad Txrobis stili. naqiravebi binis Rarib aivans miRma gadaSlil, mudmivad qarian amindSi cocxali simwvane xmaurobs. ucnauria, magram am pasiur protestSi Tavs iCens da mniSvnelobas iZens yvela detali. manana, romelic qmris warsulSi Ralats aRmoaCens, misi ucnobi Svilisa da yofili metoqis gasacnobad gazis inkasatoris saxeliT SeaRwevs komunaluri saxlis kidev ufro mouwyobel yofaSi, vidre misi sakuTari gaxldaT. telefonis yurmils akruli, gacxarebul Worsa Tu marTalSi CarTuli qali (nana Sonia) da zedmeti woniT gamorCeuli misive qmris mozardi vaJi mananasTvis marTlac rom Sokismomgvrel sanaxaobad unda iqces... da mayurebeli misi poziciidan xedavs am realobas.. bundovnad aRqmuli detalebi, gza karisken, emocia, romelic ar gaZlevs saSualebas, erT mTlianobad aRiqva adgili, sadac imyofebi. faqtia, rom filmis avtorebisTvis amgvari gaigiveba gmirTan sakmaod mniSvnelovan gardamtex xasiaTs atarebda. mananas klasi, romelic saiubileod emzadeba, iseTive sadadgmo komikur etiuds waagavs, rogorc mTeli misi cxovreba _ aRsavse arafrismTqmeli sadRegrZeloebiTa da diTirambebiT, WorebiT, simarTliT da aseve komikurad mowesrigebuli, gamowyobili qalebiT da mamakacebiT, romelTa umravlesoba finansur usaxsrobas an ojaxur sibriyves ukidures Semgueblebad gadauqcevia. arafriT gansxvavdeba amgvari garemo sxva, materialurad kargad uzrunvelyofili, mowesrigebuli da finansuri problemebisagan Sors

კინოფორუმი

33

რეცენზია mdgari saxlebisagan, sadac pirobiToba, savaraudod, pirobiTobadve rCeba, oRond filmSi yovelive es mwiri ojaxuri yofis fonze da ufro dramatulad ikiTxeba erTi adamianis mSvidi gadawyvetileba, _ ubralod, ar icxovros qmrisa da Svilebis (romlebic didi xania aRar arian `bavSvebi“) interesebiT; saerTod ar icxovros am erTobis nawilad, ar uyuros yoveldRiurobas, ar elodos nacnob nabijebs, replikebsa da ar gaiziaros qalbatoni lamaras _ sakuTari dedis, TiTqos erTi SexedviT, keTilmosurne, meore mxriv mtacebluri instinqti _ wuwuniTa da moTqmiT daimorCilos sakuTari ojaxis wevrebi, rogorc yovelives momwesrigebelma, patronma, damlagebelma, mzareulma, bebiam, dedam. manerul da komikur infantilizmSi CarCenili mananas Zma am samyaros aseTive ganuyofeli nawilia _ Zalian aRelvebs mananas bedi, misi gadawyvetileba, vinaidan rogor aisaxeba es mis gaugebar, Zmur avtoritetze, aravin icis... naTesavebs _ komunad Sekrul, ufunqcio erTobas, agresiuli gerontofiliiT Sepyrobil adamianebs aseve aRelvebT mananas gadawyvetileba da damnaSaves eZeben. deda mananasTvis pirdapiri, dauZinebeli ideologiuri mteria _ Ria fanjridan swored misi isteriuli

34

კინოფორუმი

protesti iRvreba quCaSi, mananas gadawyvetilebis winaaRmdeg gamarTul sanaxaobaSi, sadac filmis avtorebma gamoiyenes berta xafavas mier ostaturad mignebuli sul ramdenime emociuri aqcenti. mxolod mama, TiTqos daucveli da uZravad myofi xanSiSesuli mama, warmoTqvams martiv replikas: `dautoveT adamians raime piraduli“... rac ojaxis wevrTa protestsa da Seuracxmyofel ignorirebaSi Caikargeba... samyaros, sadac manana urTierTobs moswavleebTan (is skolis maswavlebelia), ucxo adamianebTan da binis mepatronesTan Tu Zmis mier mis dasacavad mobilizebul ubnel biWebTan, aseve ver xsnis, ar igebs da ar ainteresebs misi Seugueblobis mizezi, marto darCenis mZafri survili. `Cemi bednieri ojaxi“ ar gaxlavT martivi Tematuri variacia, Seqmnili dramatul ambavze. is mxatvrulad gamarTuli, konceptualurad naTeli da emociurad sisxlsavse sinamdvilea, rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, aseve saxelovnebo faqtisa da realobis axali xedvis TvalsazrisiT. filmis finalSi masTan stumrad misul qmars, romlis mxatvruli saxec, SeiZleba iTqvas, absoluturi sinamdvilis ekvivalentad Seqmna merab niniZem, Zunwi, zomieri gamomsaxveli saSualebebiT, ostatobiT,

manana uecari emociiT daubrunebs kiTxvas: `da Sen ki ici, vin xar?“... aqamde albaT aravis dausvams es martivi da bevrismTqmeli kiTxva sakuTari TavisTvis. sadRac, romeliRac rutinul, pirobiT morCilebas SeCveul cxovrebaSi iseve Sewyda am personaJis, qmris survilebi Tu adamianuri iniciativis niSnebi, imedebi, ukvalod gaqra, rogorc filmis finalSi rCeba upasuxod es kiTxva. merab niniZis gmiri amaze albaT arc dafiqrebula... yofis garTulebis ar swamda... savarudod, arc qalbatoni lamara, arc mananas Svilebi da naTesavebi fiqroben imaze, Tu vin arian, ra surT da surT Tu ara sxvisi cxovrebiT ganagrZon arseboba samyaroSi, sadac yoveldRiuroba Wams, klavs da anadgurebs yoveli maTganis pirovnul saxes. `Cemi bednieri ojaxi“, swored is namuSevaria, romelic saSualebas iZleva mxatvruli sisavsiTa da simwvaviT davusvaT igive kiTxva dRevandelobas, yoveldRiurobas. da Tu ekranze naCvenebi sinamdvile erT Cveulebriv, nacnob sivrced iqneba aRqmuli, maSin es kiTxva aucileblad gaCndeba _ viciT ki, ra gvinda da vin varT an viRebT Tu ara sakuTar Tavs adamianebad, romelTac aRar surT gadawyvetilebis miReba sxvebis angariSgawevis gareSe, Tu varT isini, vinc ar unda moiazrebodes sityvaSi `sxvebi?“...

REVIEW

LONELINESS IN THE FAMILY INTERIOR

KETEVAN TRAPAIDZE

“MY HAPPY FAMILY” BY NANA EKVTIMISHVILI AND SIMON GROSS In the particularly prominent period of the Georgian film history, 60-70s of the last century, the truth seen in a different reality gave the way to the topical subjectmatter even for the spectators of that time. Those topics arouse different opinions. General and personal drama of a character standing on the verge of making the serious choice has been a subject of the discussion for a long time. There is no doubt,

above mentioned topic will always be relevant in the definite space and reference. The way of artistic narration chosen by the directors Nana Ekvtimishvili and Simon Gross in the 2017 film “My Happy Family” utterly excludes opposition against the standards set in the society.

Their refusal to burden the lives of the characters with dramatic details turns their directing to masterly balanced work.

“My Happy Family” is the production which enables us to ask questions with artistic richness and sharpness about everyday life. And if the reality shown on the screen is perceived as an ordinary, habitual condition the following question will be asked: Do we actually know ourselves and what we want? Or do we accept ourselves as humans who do not want to make decisions without being accountable towards others?

კინოფორუმი

35

მთავარი როლი

ოსტატობის სამანი ია შუღლიაშვილი პრემირებულ ფილმზე, წარმატებულ როლზე, საყვარელ პროფესიაზე და საკუთარ თავზე SarSan rig saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebze nana eqvTimiSvilis da simon grosis filmma _ `Cemi bednieri ojaxi~ TvalsaCino warmateba moipova. transilvaniis (rumineTi) da astanis festivalebze qalis rolis saukeTeso SesrulebisTvis msaxiobi ia SuRliaSvili festivalis mTavari priziT dajildovda. mas `brwyinvale msaxiobi~ uwodes, films ki _ `aucileblad sanaxavi~, romliTac mayurebels `namdvili kinosiamovneba~ elis. ia SuRliaSvili Tbilisis kote marjaniSvilis saxelobis Teatris msaxiobia. `Cemi bednieri ojaxis~ diasaxlisi, profesiiT pedagogi manana, SeiZleba iTqvas, misi pirveli kinorolia. ram ganapiroba filmis da rolis aseTi warmateba? ra iyo misTvis es roli da, saerTod, ra aris yoveli morigi axali roli misTvis? cxovreba Tavisi sirTuleebiTa da yoveldRiurobiT; saqme, romelsac mTeli cxovreba emsaxureba; ukve miRweuli da jer arnaTqvami mayureblisaTvis... am da kidev sxva Temebze saubrobs.

zogadad, filmis warmatebas bevri faqtori ganapirobebs. gamonaklisi arc Cveni filmia. dawyebuli scenariT: nana TviTon kargi scenaristia da amdenad, gasakviri ar aris, rom srulyofili scenari gvqonda _ bolomde gaazrebuli, daxvewili, gamarTuli dialogebiT. Semdeg _ msaxiobTa ansambli, romelsac Zalze skrupulozurad arCevs TviTon, didxans eZebs saTiTao marcvals msaxiobebSi, rac mis mier Cafiqrebuli gmiris srulyofilad warmoCenisaTvis gamodgeba. Semdeg: uSualod gadaRebebis dros da aseve gadaRebebis dawyebamde, mosamzadebeli samuSaoebisas, repeticiebis dros iseTi atmosfero

36

კინოფორუმი

Seiqmna, rogoric filmSi unda yofiliyo. TiTqos marTla erT WerqveS mcxovrebi ojaxis wevrebi viyaviT (filmSi sxvadasxva Taobis sami ojaxi cxovrobs erTad), ise vsaubrobdiT, vxumrobdiT, vicinodiT, vbrazdebodiT, rogorc namdvil ojaxSi, realur garemoSi. mere ukve filmSi TiTqos ki ar vTamaSobdiT, aramed vcxovrobdiT. yvelaferi ise bunebrivad gamodioda. amitom filmis yurebisas mayurebels uCndeba gancda, rom am ojaxis wevrebs icnoben, isini maT gverdiT cxovroben, ganicdian, uxariaT, swyinT. yvelaze metad iman gamaoca da gamaxara, rom dasavleTis mayurebelma zustad miiRo da gaigo erT Cveulebriv qar-

მთავარი როლი

კინოფორუმი

37

მთავარი როლი Tul ojaxSi Seqmnili situacia da problemebi. filmis stilistikac, _ uwyveti kadri, axali xelwera dasavleTis kinematografSi, _ gasagebi da maxlobeli aRmoCnda rogorc kinos profesionalebisTvis, aseve mayureblisaTvis. filmis ena maTTvis nacnobi gamodga.

uron almacerad), magram es mTavari ar aris, es, ubralod, adamianuri sisustea. mTavaria roli gamovides damajerebeli. isic cnobili faqtia, rom zogjer uaryofiTi gmiri ufro saintereso gamosaZerwia profesionalizmis TvalsazrisiT, vidre dadebiTi.

berlinis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis masalebidan: nana eqvTimiS-

kvlav literaturuli reminiscencia: avtoris mier dadebiT gmi-

vilisa da simon grosis filmi _ `Cemi bednieri ojaxi~ `evropuli kinos saukeTeso tradiciebze Seqmnili suraTia~.

rad Cafiqrebuli melani rogor daCrdila alqajma skarlet o,haram margaret mitCelis `qarwaRebulebSi~.

yoveli axali roli CemTvis TiTqos axali gamowvevaa; erTgvar siaxlesTan Sexeba, SeWidebaa. raRacas unda CauRrmavde, unda moirgo. zogjer SeiZleba gaWirdes rolis gaTaviseba, magram saWiroa Zieba, muSaoba, raRac axlis povna, migneba. es Sromatevadi, magram Zalze sasiamovno procesia. me, rogorc msaxiobs, es procesi ufro momwons da miyvars, vidre _ premiera, rac TavisTavad, raRa Tqma unda, kargia, amaRlebulia, magram scenaze, repeticiebze Tu gadasaReb moedanze gatarebuli dro CemTvis Seucvleli da ganumeorebelia, ufro Zvirfasi da mniSvnelovania.

msaxiobs sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba Zalian exmareba rolze muSaobisas; gansakuTrebiT, Tu roli gamorCeulad daZabuli da dramatulia. rodesac nacnobia emocia _ gancdili grZnoba, gadatanili tkivilebi Tu sixaruli, ufro srulyofilad da advilad gadmoscem mas. anu emociebSi gavarjiSebuli sulisTvis es amocana Zneli Sesasrulebeli ar aris. da kidev erTi, uaryofiT rolTan dakavSirebiT: rolze muSaoba rom damTavrdeba, aucilebelia, ganagdo Sengan is uaryofiTi muxti Tu ganwyoba, ra davarqva, romelsac ginda_ar ginda atarebdi rolSi yofnisas da, romelic Tavis kvals udavod tovebs. unda ganTavisuflde misgan. profesionalizmic albaT eg aris, rom droze moiSoro is da daubrunde Cveul kalapots.

literaturuli reminiscencia: sxvaTac gamoucdiaT msgavsi ram da amgvarad gadmouciaT _ `vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi~ (guram rCeuliSvili).

rodesac axal rolze muSaob, axal saxes qmni, gmiris xasiaTis garda, sakuTar Tavsac TiTqos metad uRrmavdebi, akvirdebi; SeiZleba raime aRmoaCino kidec _ sruliad axali da gansxvavebuli. es TiTqos cxovrebisgan raRac axali SemoTavazebaa. ZiriTadi `sakvebi~ rolisaTvis Seni Sinagani samyaroa. amitom rac metad saintereso da mravalmxrivi pirovnebaa msaxiobi, rac ufro Rrmaa is, miT metad srulyofili gamodis mis mier Sesrulebuli rolebi. mokled, ostatobis sazRvrebi, samani unapiroa. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi rolebi... profesionali msaxiobi, rasakvirvelia, orives warmatebiT unda TamaSobdes. es sadavo ar aris. piradad me, subieqturad, dadebiTi rolebi mirCevia. zogjer TiTqos identifikacia xdeba da mayurebeli rolisaTvis gankuTvnil siTbos Senze avrcelebs, rac sasiamovnoa (vidre is, rom cudi rolis gamo Sen giy-

38

კინოფორუმი

cnobili faqti kinos istoriidan:

erTi cnobili msaxobi qali Wirveul gmirze muSaobisas ise Rrmad SeiWra rolSi, rom TviTonac zustad misnairi gaxda da `Cveul kalapotze~ veRar daubrunda. saocnebo rolebi? es yvela msaxiobs aqvs. uamisod warmoudgenelia Cveni profesia. magram ocnebebis dro CemTvis ukve wasulia, survilebma ukana planze gadaiwia. dRes vcdilob bolomde movirgo da gaviTaviso is, rasac SemomTavazeben. ise, axalgazrdobaSi Jana d’arki mindoda meTamaSa. musikasTan Cemma axlo kavSirma ki ganapiroba is, rom edit piafi mindoda meTamaSa...

muxti Tu ar gaCnda, muSaoba Zneldeba. garda amisa, CemTvis Zalze didi mniSvneloba aqvs partniors. is Tanamoazre unda iyos da araviTar SemTxvevaSi _ metoqe. saboloo mizani, orientiri rolia, is saqme, ramac Segvyara erTad adamianebi scenasa Tu gadasaReb moedanze. partniorebi erTi mTlianoba unda iyos, romlebic erTmaneTs exmarebian, da ara ori dapirispirebuli mxare. maT Soris harmonia muSaobisaTvis komfortul garemos qmnis, rac, saboloo angariSiT, saqmeze aisaxeba dadebiTad. filmSi Cemi partniori merab niniZe, es is bednieri SemTxveva iyo, rodesac kolegis didi gamocdileba Senc gexmareba da didwilad gansazRvravs saboloo miznis warmatebiT daZlevas. filmSi araCveulebrivi partniorebi myavda _ berta xafava, goven WeiSvili, dima oragveliZe, giorgi xurcilava, giorgi tabiZe, cisia qumsiSvili. ise gamovida, rom mTeli gadaRebebis dros TiTqos mananad gadaviqeci. Cacmis stilic ki Sevicvale. raRacnairad Cavjeqi rolSi da aRar gamovdiodi. imdenad Seviyvare roli, rom mgoni mayurebelsac gadavde. marTali unda iyo sakuTar TavTanac da mayurebelTanac. mxolod ase gendobian. mTeli koleqtivi gansakuTrebiT velodebodiT Tbilisur premieras. SarSan seqtemberSi gaimarTa Cveneba da mgoni mayurebelma filmi kargad miiRo, rac CvenTvis yvelaze didi jildoa. kinos istoriidan: erTi cnobili msaxiobi Tavis axalgazrdobisdroindel SemTxvevas ixsenebda, Tu rogori formiT daexmara mas ufrosi, gamocdili kolega erT epizodSi, rodesac mas Zalze dramatuli epizodi hqonda Sesasrulebeli, saxiT ekranisaken mdgars. Sesabamisad, zurgiT kamerisken da saxiT misken mdgari kolega... am dros tiroda.

liaSvili momReral inola gurgulias da kompozitor mixeil SuRliaSvilis Svilia. sakmaod kargad mReris. sxvagvarad gasakviric iqneboda.

Tavad rogor rolebs vaniWeb upiratesobas... momwons da ufro Cemia fsiqologiuri, Rrma, emociuri rolebi; speqtaklebi, saintereso, araerTgvarovani urTierTobebiT da Sinaganad saintereso xasiaTebiT, vidre calkeuli tipaJebi. zedmetad Teatralizebuli rolebi, groteskis Janris nawarmoebebis gmirebi Cemi amplua ar mgonia. rolis, ase vTqvaT, Sinagan gaxsna garegnuli efeqtebis dauxmareblad mirCevnia.

rolze muSaobisas yvelaze did emociur muxts Tavad roli iZleva. es

mgonia, rom bunebrioba moeZala scenas; naturalizmamde misulic

informacia mkiTxvelisaTvis: ia SuR-

მთავარი როლი

ki. aqcents vakeTeb bunebriobaze da ara SiSvel naturalizmze. RmerTma dagvifaros. am bolo dros literaturasa Tu xelovnebaSi moZalebuli quCuri leqsika saSinlad Wris yurs. bunebriobis misaRwevad es yvelaze uvargisi xerxia. profesionalizmi da ostatoba is aris, rom esTetikurad momawodo saTqmeli. uxeSi formebi saamisod miuRebelia. erT speqtaklSi, magaliTad, reJisorma sainteresod gadawyvita usiamovno, magram saWiro scena _ mTvral gmirs guli unda aerios. amozidebis dros is SeumCnevlad iRebs jibidan margalitebs da scenaze abnevs. xom moinaxa gamosavali. ase rom, Tu eZieb, ipovi. warsulidan: cnobili msaxiobi

ixsenebda, bavSvobaSi, speqtakl `oidiposis~ Semdeg maTTan ojaxSi stumrad misul oidiposis rolis Semsrulebeli akaki xoravasTvis ukiTxavs, ratom scenaze ar daiTxareT Tvalebio. `mere, Sen magas gauZlebdi, Svilo?~ _ upasuxia scenis korifes. ideali msaxiobi... gafanateba maincdamainc ar miyvars. bevri artisti momwons, Zalian vafaseb. rodesac

vuyureb, rogor akeTebs esa Tu is artisti rols, rogor muSaobs masze, mowonebis paralelurad, Tavs viWer imis fiqrSi, me rogor gavakeTebdi amas, ras Sevcvlidi ama Tu im kadrSi, scenaSi. esec bunebrivi mgonia. adamianebi xom erTmaneTs ar hgvanan. yvela calke samyaroa da samyaroc swored amiT aris saintereso. rasakvirvelia, filmi mainc reJisorisaa da warmateba Tu warumatebloba ZiriTadad mas ekuTvnis. swored mas aqvs Tavidan bolomde gaazrebuli filmi, rogorc aseTi. is gTavazobs orientirebs, gisaxavs lokalur amocanebs. ra Tqma unda, Sen Sensas eZieb, _ msaxiobis gasakeTebels sxva veravin gaakeTebs, _ magram diriJoris funqcias reJisors veravin Seecileba. mas da sxva aravis mihyavs koleqtivi saboloo miznisaken. saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebi, romlebzec filmma _ `Cemi bednieri ojaxi~ sxvadasxva prizi moipova: sandensis (aSS), berlinis berlinale, italiis leCes `evropuli kinos festivali~, rumineTis, sofiis, odesis, hong-kongis, astanis kinofestivalebi.

Leading Role Ia Shughliashvili about prize-winning film, successful role, her favourite profession and herself The first factual film role of a theatre actress IA SHUGHLIASHVILI in “My Happy Family” was particularly successful: she was awarded for the best performance of the leading role at the festivals of Sundance (USA), Transylvania (Romania), Astana. She was called “an excellent actress” and the film was evaluated as a “must-watch movie” as the viewer “will definitely enjoy it”. What has made the film and the role so popular? What does every new role mean to her? The life with its difficulties and routine; the job she has dedicated her whole life; her achievements and something which is still left to tell to her spectators… The actress is talking about these and other things in her publication.

კინოფორუმი

39

კინოაღლუმი

¨დათვები¨ ზამთარში იღვიძებენ დავით ბუხრიკიძე

ბერლინის 68-ე საერთაშორისო კინოფესტივალი: შავ-თეთრი ესთეტიკიდან ფერად პოლიტიკურ კონიუნქტურამდე... ანიმაციაზე გავლით

40

კინოფორუმი

კინოაღლუმი

კინოფორუმი

41

კინოაღლუმი

kinos moyvarulebma kargad

axali drois konteqsti

ician, rom Tebervali

berlinis 68-e saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis Jiuris Tavmjdomare Tanamedrove germanuli kinos erTerTi gamorCeuli persona, reJisori tom tikveri iyo, romelmac Tavis droze sakmaod pretenziuli arthauziT daiwyo („gaiqeci lola, gaiqeci~, „parfiumeri~), Tumca Semdgom naklebad saintereso meinstrimze gadainacvla (`vardisferi bavSvebi~, `merve grZnoba~), amJamad ki serialebis gadaRebiTaa dakavebuli.

berlinales Tvea da 1951 wlidan moyolebuli (swored am wels daarsda berlinis saerTaSoriso kinofestivali), is garkveulwilad gansazRvravs kidec axali kinematografiuli wlis tendenciebs. amjerad 15-dan 25 Tebervlamde marlen ditrix placze Tavi moiyares msoflios gamorCeulma reJisorebma, msaxiobebma Tu prodiuserebma. filmebis seleqciaSi asobiT eqsperti da kritikosi monawileobda, romlebmac oficialuri konkursis garda filmebi paraleluri programis _ panoramisa da forumisaTvis SearCies. sul berlinSi oTxasamde axali filmi uCvenes, romelTac sami aTasze meti akreditebuli Jurnalisti Tu kritikosi aSuqebda. maT Soris, cxadia, qarTuli mediac.

jer kidev festivalis dawyebamde ramdenime TviT adre saerTaSoriso mediam swrafad aitaca cnoba, rom SesaZloa ukve 2019 wels berlinis kinofestivals axali direqtori hyavdes. saqme is aris, rom baton diter koslikis saxelze, romelic ukve 18 welia berlinales ucvleli xelmZRvanelia, cnobilma germanelma reJisorebma, scenaristebma da msaxiobebma (maT Soris arian fokler Slondorfi, hana Sigula, dominik grafi, kristian pecoldi, fatih akini, maren ade, sebastian Siperi da sxvebi) Jurnal „SpigelSi~ Ria werili gamoaqveynes, sadac mkacrad akritikeben baton koslikis safestivalo politikas bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. isini mizezad `berlinis saerTaSoriso festivalis sistemur kriziss“ asaxeleben; rom berlinalem, didi

42

კინოფორუმი

socialur-politikuri warsulisa da mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, bolo dros poziciebi gansakuTrebiT daTmo. pirvel rigSi ki _ kanisa da veneciis saerTaSoriso festivalebis sakonkurso programisa Tu kreatiuli safestivalo politikis fonze. arada, ras aRar akeTebda batoni kosliki berlinSi kinomanebisa Tu turistebis gulis mosagebad: xan amerikel varskvlavebs epatiJeboda festivalis gaxsnaze, xan mkveTrad socialur Tu politikur Temebs aniWebda upiratesobas (berlinale isedac yovelTvis gamoirCeoda mgrZnobiare politikurobiT), xan iranel disidentebs TanaugrZnobda (magaliTad, jafar panahisadmi miZRvnili carieli skamis aqcia), xanac Jiuris Tavmjdomared aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi poziciis mqone aRiarebul artistebsa da reJisorebs uxmobda (Tundac mkveTrad politikuri poziciis mqone tilda svintoni gavixsenoT). Tumca, rogorc aRniSnavdnen, `misi dro da SesaZleblobebi amoiwura~. daiwera imis Sesaxebac, rom didi albaTobiT, momavali wlidan diter kosliks kontraqts aRar gaugrZeleben da festivals axali direqtori eyoleba. Tumca, vinc unda gaxdes momavalSi festivalis direqtori, berlinale Cveuli ritmiT ganagrZobs cxovrebas _ salaroebTan rigebi ar ileva, gigantur wiTel xaliCasTan yovelTvis xalxmravlobaa, kinos moyvarulebi mudam

კინოაღლუმი kiTxuloben zedmet bileTebs da samoqalaqo aqtivistebi isev raRacas aprotesteben... erTi sityviT, safestivalo cxovreba, pesimisturi prognozisa Tu `sistemuri krizisis~ miuxedavad, grZeldeba. istoriaSi pirvelad festivali animaciuri filmiT _ `ZaRlebis kunZuli~ gaixsna. reJisori ues andersoni ucxo kaci namdvilad ar aris berlinSi: is ukve samjer monawileobda sakonkurso programaSi, xolo 2014 wels swored misi aSkarad ironiuli da eleganturi filmiT _ „oteli „grand budapeSti~ gaixsna berlinis kinofestivali. ase rom, amerikel reJisors, scenaristsa da prodiusers ukve meored ergo berlinales gaxsnis pativi.

adina pintiles, vityodi, fsiqofiziologiur dramas saxelwodebiT `ar Semexo~. ufro xatovnad da ironiulad rom vTqvaT, berlinisTvis mosalodneli socialur_politikuri travmebis poezias amjerad fiziologiurma poeziam ajoba da kinosamyarom kidev erTi rumineli reJisori gaicno, romelic Tavis intimur filmSi `ar Semexo~, fizikur realobasa da seqsualur warmosaxvas Soris isedac myife zRvars TiTqmos bolomde Slis...

prizebi da siuprizebi

`miTxari, rogor ginda, rom giyvarde da gavigeb rogor gipasuxo...~ _ mTavari gmiris, reJisori qalis es pretenziuli da filosofiuri fraza sinamdvileSi intimuri samyaros gasaRebia, romelmac travmirebuli adamianebis seqsualuri samyaros kari unda gaaRos. Tumca, ara mgonia SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis fsiqologiur da seqsualur cxovrebaze dakvirveba eTikuri iyos, raTa Semdeg es adamianze zrunviT avxsnaT.

TiTqmis yovelTvis gamoucnobi finalis mqone berlinis kinofestivalma amjeradac gaaoca skeptikosebi, rodesac mTavari prizi _ oqros daTvi, miakuTvna rumineli reJisoris,

sxvaTa Soris, ramdenime aSkarad rTulad mosanelebeli intimuri scenis Semdeg Jurnalistebisa da kritikosebis udidesi nawili darbazidan gavida. festivalis daskvniT

vercxlis daTvi saukeTeso reJisurisTvis swored mis am animaciur films gadaeca.

saRamos, rodesac suraTi oqros daTviT daajildoves, bevri erTmaneTs ekiTxeboda, filmi rogor damTavrdao... es faqti kidev erTxel metyvelebs krizisze, romelic berlinis kinofestivals udgas da romlis gadalaxvas albaT misi direqtoris, diter koslikis msxverplSewirviTac ver moaxerxebs.

Jiuris didi prizi gadaeca reJisor malgoJata Sumovskas filmisaTvis `saxe~, romelic poloneTis erT-erT patara qalaqSi qristes uzarmazari qandakebis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs. paralelurad, filmi mZafri socialuri da religiuri kritikiTa da ironiiT gamoirCeva. sxvaTa Soris, kritikosTa didi nawili gamarjvebas swored am films uwinaswarmetyvelebda. saukeTeso scenarisTvis vercxlis daTvi meqsikeli reJisoris, alonso ruis palasiosis films `muzeumi~ gadaeca, romelSic mTavar rols gael garsia bernali asrulebs. wiTel xaliCaze Sekrebili misi asobiT Tayvanismcemlebi ufro metsac moelodnen, rom mas saukeTeso samsaxiobo namuSevrisaTvisac daajildovebdnen. Tumca Jiurim mas axalgazrda frangi msaxiobi antoni ba-

კინოფორუმი

43

კინოაღლუმი Joni amjobina. vercxlis daTvi qalis rolis saukeTeso SesrulebisaTvis ana brunis gadaeca, romelic mTavar rols asrulebs daxvewil fsiqodramaSi `memkvidreebi~. kinematografis ganviTarebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis sapatio oqros daTviT wels cnobili amerikeli msaxiobi, uiliam defo daajildoves, romlis artistuli diapazoni marTlac STambeWdavia _ lars fon trieris `antiqristeSi~ gansaxierebuli rolidan abel feraras filmSi naTamaSebi pier-paolo pazolinis tragikuli personaJiT damTavrebuli. rom aRaraferi vTqvaT bolodroindeli filmis Sesaxeb (`maradisobis zRvarze~), romelSic is vinsent van gogs ganasaxierebs.

kinos Sav-TeTri magia berlinales sakonkurso programaSi ori Sav-TeTri filmi uCvenes _ lav diasis `eSmakis dro~ da emili atefis `sami dRe kiberonSi~, rac safestivalo politikis gabed-

44

კინოფორუმი

ulebaze metyvelebs. akreditebul JurnalistTa da kritikosTa didi nawili mouTmenlad eloda arthauzis didostatis, filipineli reJisoris, lav diasis axal namuSevars, romelic, cxadia, Sav-TeTria (mas karieris ganmavlobaSi feradi filmi saerTod ar gadauRia) da, cxadia, Zalian grZelia (misi yoveli filmi 5-6 saaTze mets xans grZeldeba). `eSmakis dro~ meoce saukunis 70-ian wlebSi gvabrunebs, kerZod, diqtator ferdinand markosis epoqaSi, romelsac filmSi narcisiod moixsenieben. filmis mTavari ucnauroba is aris, rom igi kinomiuziklia. ufro zustad, antimiuzikli, romelmac kritikosebis nawils lars fon trieris `sibneleSi mocekvave~ gaaxsena.

TiTqmis yvela personaJi reCitativiT metyvelebs Tu mReris da yvelaze sazareli scenebic ki (magaliTad, fizikuri Zaladobisa da gaupatiurebis) simRerisa da cekvis fonze mimdinareobs. jalaTebisa

da msxverplis erToblivi simRera, erTi SexedviT, paradoqsuli SeiZleba mogveCvenos, Tumca, amis gamo gacilebiT didi fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebiT gamoirCeva. daviwyebuli Sav-TeTri kinos magia aseve Segvaxsena iranuli warmoSobis frangma reJisorma emili atefma filmSi `sami dRe kiberonSi~, romelic frangi kinovarskvlavis, romi Snaideris cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis krizisul periodze mogviTxrobs.

zogi ram `evas~ Sesaxeb kritikosTa garkveuli imedebi, romelic kidev erT sakonkurso films _ `evas~ ukavSirdeboda (izabel iuperis monawileobiT, romelic benua Jakom jeims hedli Ceizis romanis mixedviT gadaiRo), samwuxarod, ar gamarTlda. yalTabandi da gaiZvera axalgazrda mwerlis, bertranisa (gaspar ulie) da mdidari meZavi qalis, evas (izabel

კინოაღლუმი

iuperi) sasiyvarulo istoria gacilebiT saintereso sanaxavi iqneboda, films kamerulobisa Tu Teatralurobis kvali rom ar etyobodes. reJisors mSvenivrad esmis da icis, rogor gamoiyenos iuperis unari saocrad iTamaSos axlo xediT da metyveli TvalebiT. amitomac am xerxis gameorebasa da tiraJirebas iwyebs, rac aSkarad sagrZnobia mTeli filmis ganmavlobaSi. gaoreba namdvil da meZav evas Soris filmSi yvelaze sainteresoa. fataluri qalis saxe izabel iuperTan cota xelovnur da nawvaleb-daswavlil STabeWdilebas tovebs. Tumca benua Jakos films sabolood isev iuperis TamaSi Svelis, romelmac festivalis pirvel dReebSi yvela da yvelaferi daCrdila.

festivalis politikuri gzavnilebi sakonkurso programaSi aseve monawileobda ori sruliad gansxvavebuli

filmi, romlebic realurad momxdar ambebs eyrdnoba _ reJisor erik popes `utoia 22 ivliss~, romelsac safuZvlad daedo 2011 wlis 22 ivliss norvegiaSi, kunZul utoiaze momxdari teraqti (rodesac anders breevikma daaxloebiT erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi 79 adamiani mokla) da reJisor Joze padilas `7 dRe entebeSi~, romelic 1976 wlis ivnisSi, palestineli teroristebis mier Air France TviTmfrinavis gatacebis (reisi Tel-avivi-parizi) motivebze Seiqmna.

utoiaze gamgzavrebis win dagegma da ganaxorciela. amis Semdeg uSualod kunZulze gadaRebul kadrebs vxedavT da 17 wlis mozards _ kaias (andrea betnseni) vecnobiT, romelic kameras pirdapir mimarTavs: `Sen verasodes gamigeb, amitom ubralod momismine~... da mxolod mogvianebiT irkveva, rom is telefoniT dedas esaubreba, da ara mayurebels.

erik pope dRes norvegiaSi erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso reJisoria, romlis wina namuSevari `mefis arCevani~ nominaciaSi _ `saukeTeso ucxouri filmi~ wardgenili iyo oskarze.

Tumca `utoia 22 ivlisi~ sruliad gamorCuli filmia, romelSic mZafri emociuri foni da dokumenturi Txroba zogjer erTmaneTs awonasworebs.

swored kaiasTan gatarebuli 72 wuTi (zustad imdeni, ramdeni xanic teraqti mimdinareobda) aRmoCndeba filmSi erTgvari `emociuri detonatori~, romelic mTlian da gauWrel kadrs dokumentur damajereblobas matebs. am erT, mTlian kadrSi Cateulia gogonas tragedia, romelic aseve mTel mis cxovrebas itevs. reJisori axerxebs, rom reportaJuli Txrobis miuxedavad bolomde SeinarCunos distancia da neitraluroba.

filmi oslos samTavrobo rezidenciis win momxdari afeTqebiT iwyeba, romelic breevikma kunZul

araviTari spekulacia, sisxli da gvamebi, mxolod ramdenime StrixiTaa danaxuli teraqtis Tanamdevi

კინოფორუმი

45

კინოაღლუმი

Semzaravi siCume, romelic marTlac emociur zemoqmedebas axdens. arc raime gansakuTrebuli sagmiro Tu sasiyvarulo ambebia aRwerili, ramac daRupulebisadmi TanagrZnoba unda aRZras. TiTqos fiordebze gadaRebul raRac dokumentur masalas vuyurebT da ara _ Semzaravi teraqtis amsaxvel films. dokumenturi realobis asaxvis sxva saSualebas irCevs brazilieli reJisori Joze padila filmSi `7 dRe entebeSi~ (sxvaTa Soris, 2008 wels misi filmi „elituri razmi“ berlinis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis gamarjvebuli gaxda). 1976 wels Air France TviTmfrinavis gatacebisa da teraqtis Sesaxeb kidev ramdenime filmia gadaRebulia. amdenad sainteresoa rogor `waikiTxa~ brazilielema reJisorma es istoria xelaxla, ukve 21-e saukuneSi. igi istorias sxvadasxva kuTxiTa da rakursiT gviCvenebs. jer teroristebs vecnobiT, Semdeg israelis

46

კინოფორუმი

mTavrobis sxdomas veswrebiT, sadac Simon peresisa da icxak rabinis sapirispiro poziciebs vismenT. calkea naCvenebi mravalerovan mZevalTa fsiqologiuri portretebi. paralelurad ki vxedavT, rom korumpirebuli diqtatori idi amini molaparakebebs teroristebTanac marTavs da israelis mTavrobis wevrebTanac. amgvari diferencirebuli Txroba reJisors saSualebas aZlevs garkveulwilad neitraluri darCes, an pozicia aSkarad ar gamoxatos; garda amisa, met-naklebi obieqturobiT daanawevros mTavari saTqmeli. moqmedeba xan entebes aeroportSi mimdinareobs, xan _ israelis samxedro StabSi, xan _ aeroportis binZur tualetSi, xanac _ sarepeticio darbazSi, sadac erT-erTi jariskacis Seyvarebuli cekvavs. sabolood, yvela dramaturgiuli xazi finalSi ikveTeba, rac teroristebis ganadgurebiT mTavrdeba.

erTi sityviT, berlinale yvela droSi cdilobda da axlac cdilobs politikuri imiji Tundac iseTi mravalganzomilebiani da rTuli TemiT gadairCinos, rogoric terorizmia. garkveul politikur gzavnilebs Seicavs aleqsei german-umcrosis filmic „dovlatovi“, romelic cnobili sabWoTa mwerlis, sergei dovlatovis axalgazrdobis periods gvacnobs; ufro zustad _ 1971 wlis noembris dReebs, roca sabWoTa leningradi mondomebiT emzadeba revoluciuri TariRis _ 7 noembris aRsaniSnavad. amasobaSi ki dovlatovi redaqciebSi, quCebsa Tu megobrebTan daexeteba. mas arc samuSao aqvs da arc axali nawarmobebis dabeWdvis perspeqtiva. totaluri uimedoba da politikuri siSlege TiTqos sizmriseulad aris gadmocemuli: grZeli da usasrulo xedebi, kadrSi viTom

კინოაღლუმი

SemTxveviT moxvedrili personaJebi, aseve SemTxveviTi frazebi, mravalganzomilebiani saundi... da es yvelaferi sazareli sabWoTa kagebes TanamSromlebis fonze, romlebic yvelas da yvelafers uTvalTvaleben.

TinaTin yajriSvilis „horizonti“ da ana uruSaZis `saSiSi deda~ berlinSi berlinis kinofestivalze qarTuli kino sxvadasxva programaSi iyo warmodgenili. `panoramaSi~ TinaTin yajriSvilis axali filmi `horizonti~ uCvenes, xolo ana uruSaZis araerTi saerTaSoriso festivalis gamarjvebuli `saSiSi deda~ _ berlinales kritikosTa prestiJuli kvireulis gaxsnaze. saqarTvelo moxvda aseve berlinales aT rCeul proeqts Soris Talent Project Marketze, sadac rati wiTliZis da nino varsimaSvilis `carieli saxli~ iyo

warmodgenili; Market screening-ze ki distributorebisa da seilagentebisTvis zaza xalvaSis `name“ uCvenes. ana uruSaZis films sakmaod saintereso Sefasebebi mohyva. magaliTad, frangi kritikosi nikola bardo onlaingamocema `filmkultSi~ wers: `Cven SeiZleba visaubroT filmis ormag bunebasa Tu xasiaTze. reJisors ucnauri, nevrozuli da amavdroulad sakmaod ironiuli damokidebuleba aqvs siuJetis mimarT. es aris mudmivi diskomfortisa da poeziis ambivalenturi gancda, romliTac Sepyrobilia 50 wels gadacilebuli manana _ diasaxlisi, romelic aRmoaCens, rom werisa da ganmartoebis survilma imdenad Seipyro, rom iZulebuolia ojaxi da Svilebi miatovos... axalgazrda reJisoris namuSevari gemovnebiT, ironiiTa da simZafriT Segvaxsenebs im qalTa mdgomareobas, romlebic iZule-

buli arian patriarqalur zewolas gauZlon da sakuTari cxovreba da Semoqmedeba ojaxidan gaqcevis an eqstremaluri nabijis xarjze SeinarCunon“. rac Seexeba TinaTin yajriSvilis `horizonts~, is qarTul-Svedurgermanuli koproduqciaa, romlis msoflio premiera swored berlinis festivalze gaimarTa. ori wlis winaT aseve `panoramas~ farglebSi uCvenes amave reJisoris `patarZlebi~, romelmac mas warmateba moutana. berlinis 68-e saerTaSoriso kinofestivalma mravali ucnauri gamocana dagvitova, romlis diapazoni Sav-TeTri esTetikidan ferad politikur koniunqturamde meryeobda.

Tumca, maTi amoxsna ukve momaval wels, savaraudod, festivalis axal direqtors mouwevs.

კინოფორუმი

47

კინოაღლუმი

"Bears" Wake Up In Winter Berlin International Film Festival 2018 68th Berlin International Film Festival: From Black-and-White Aesthetics to Color Politics …Through Animation Berlin International Film Festival, as always, offered the film admirers surprises this time, too. Unexpected for Berlinale, the poetry of socialpolitical traumas was “oppressed” by the physiological poetry and the world of the cinema got acquainted with one more Romanian filmmaker

48

კინოფორუმი

– Adina Pintile with her psychophysiological film “Touch Me Not”.

The film won the main award – Golden Bear. Grand Jury Prize went to “Mug” (original name “Twarz”) by the director Małgorzata Szumowska.

Silver Bear for Best Screenplay was won by Manuel Alcalá and Alonso Ruizpalacios’ film “Museum”. Among others Georgian films were screened out of competition.

DAVIT BUKHRIKIDZE

irakli kvirikaZe

IRAKLI KVIRIKADZE

EUROPEAN SHOOTING STARS 2018-ze dasaxelda 10 axalgazrda msaxiobs Soris, rogorc `niWieri, imedismomcemi msaxiobi evropis masStabiT, romelic mzad aris Seabijos msoflios kinosamyaroSi~.

IRAKLI KVIRIKADZE WAS NAMED AMONG 10 YOUNG ACTORS AT EUROPEAN SHOOTING STARS 2018 AS A „TALENTED, PROMISING ACTOR ALL OVER EUROPE WHO IS READY TO STEP INTO THE FILM INDUSTRY WORLDWIDE“.

კინოფორუმი

49

dina oganovas foto

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით

არდაბრუნება... ანა ურუშაძის ფილმი ¨საშიში დედა¨ ეთერ ოკუჯავა ana uruSaZem Tbilisis SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis kinofakulteti daamTavra 2013 wels (pedagogi profesori levan TuTberiZe). „saSiSi deda“ (2017) misi debiutia kinoSi da pirveli srulmetraJiani filmi, romelmac safestivalo cxovrebis dasawyisSive ori prizi moipova: lokarnos saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze _ „oqros leopardi“ da saraevos saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis mTavari prizi _ „saraevos guli“. aseve, kritikosTa prizi saukeTeso debiutisTvis. Semdeg iyo araerTi kinofestivali, e.w. aziis oskari, sadac nata murvaniZes qalis rolis saukeTeso SesrulebisaTvis mTavari prizi gadaeca da los-anjelesi, sadac „axali xedvis“ reJisoris sapatio jildo miakuTvnes. es ukanaskneli gansakuTrebuli profesiuli Rirsebis mauwyebelia, rac kinoxelovnebaSi axali SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis xelovanis dabadebas niSnavs. saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebis presaSi (Va-

50

კინოფორუმი

riety, The Hollywood reporter, Cineuropa) araerTgzis ga-

JRerebuli epiTeti _ „axali xedva“, „unikaluri xedva“ _ qarTuli kinos mesveurebs, mkvlevarebsa da sazogadod, Tayvanismcemlebs gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebiT aRavsebs. dResdReobiT ana uruSaZe 24 saerTaSoriso prizis laureatia. es marTlac didi gamarjvebaa, rogorc 26 wlis debiutanti reJisoris cxovrebaSi, ise Tanamedrove qarTuli kinematografisa da qarTuli kinoskolis istoriaSi. sixarulic gansakuTrebulia, radgan axalgazrda xelovanis sadebiuto namuSevari jildovdeba. es amZafrebs interess nawarmoebis mimarT da filmis mxatvrul-esTetikuri Rirsebebis miRma gsurs dainaxo meti, anu gaerkve, ratom ganixilavs msoflio kinosamyaro ana uruSaZis films aRmatebiT xarisxSi da kinokulturaSi siaxlis ra parametrebs amCnevs; rogor ewereba axali xedvis reJisoris nawarmoebi msofliosa da, cxadia, Tanamedrove qarTuli kinos procesSi.

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით filmi „saSiSi deda“ qalis cxovrebis droSi SemWidroebuli portretia. is ar moicavs mxolod ekranze asaxul dReebs. mTavari personaJis, mananas, mwerlobiT gataceba dramaturgiis is qvakuTxedia, romelic qalis warsuls acocxlebs, mniSvnelobas aniWebs awmyos da samomavlo kiTxvebsac svams. filmiT aRZruli TemaTa wre kidev ufro Rrmavdeba da farTovdeba, roca reJisori yoveldRiurobis amsaxveli kadrebiT, magram ganzogadebuli xedvis gansakuTrebuli gzebiT miuyveba Txrobas.

xilva JRalTmian qals vercxlisferi, brWyviala Citis formis Tmis sarWi ukeTia da rweviT miiwevs win. sad, ar Cans. albaT TviTonac ar icis... mis mxars sadacaa misive qaliSvilis xeli miswvdeba, masac iseTive Tmis sarWi ukeTia... deda TiTqosda droiTsivrcobriv sxva ganzomilebaSia... isini erTmaneTs didi xnis winaT daSordnen. im dros qaliSvili patara gogo iyo... gogonam, axla ukve zrdasrulma qalma, icno deda... deda ki verc mis miaxloebas grZnobs da iqneb, verc icnos saerTod xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg. „gogonas“ ki deda moenatra, amJamad TviTon Svilebis dedas „Cumi alersis“ dabrunebis wyurvili klavs. ana uruSaZis filmi, romelic mananas portretad movixsenie dasawyisSi, monatrebis, siyvarulis moTxovnilebis, urTierTgagebisa da sulTa kavSiris Sesaxebaa. konkretulad xilvis epizodSi mananas mier gandobili es Temebi dramaturgiulad koncentrirebuli Tezisia. mananam TiTqmis naxevari cxovrebis gza Sealia maT gacnobierebas, radgan wlebis ganmavlobaSi galiaSi gamomwyvdeuli hyavda tanjuli suli da mxolod axla dadga misi ganTavisuflebis dro.

martosuli mayurebeli mananas sisxam diliT ecnoba. mananas rols Teatrisa da kinos cnobili artisti nata murvaniZe asaxierebs. mas, rogorc msaxiobs, pirvelsave kadrSi seriozuli gamocda aqvs „Casabarebeli~. Tumca iqamde, mainc reJisori „waradgens“ erTaderTi StrixiT _ axlo xedSi, mananas mxolod safeTqeli da sadad gadavarcxnili Tmis nawili Cans, rac

gafiqrebinebs, rom filmis gmiri uTuod saintereso garegnobis qali unda iyos. wamieri Seyovnebis Semdeg „Semodis“ msaxiobi. aq ukve aqcentirebulia namZinarevi Tvalebi, romlebic qalis naazrevs – guSindelisa da dRevandelis tvirTadqceuli realobis SegrZnebas, misgan Tavis daRwevis survilsa da yoveldRiurobis amaoebas ireklavs; SemaZrwunebeli gamoxedva, – aziduli warbi, Rrma Zilisgan SeSupebuli quTuToebi, – qalis sulier qvesknelSi Cabudebuli erTgvari veluri stiqia martosul mgels gvaxsenebs. epizodTan dakavSirebuli yoveli wvrilmanis, ufro zustad ki gamosaxulebiTi niSnebis erToblivi warmodgena, ukve gasagebs xdis erT garemoebas – filmSi detalebis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas. TiToeuli kadri, epizodi, mTlianobaSi filmis Sinaarsi detalebis erTobliobiT yalibdeba. am erTobliobaSi TiToeul detals Tavisi adgili, aqcenti, rangi aqvs. maTi TiTqosda SemTxveviToba da bunebrioba mkafiod organizebul mTlianobas emorCileba. teqnikuri danawileba mxatvrul realobas emsaxureba, iseve, rogorc nawili mTelze qmnis warmodgenas. martosuli mglis mzera mananas TiTqosda grZneuli Tvalis miRma arsebuli SoreTia, saidanac gvimzers da imavdroulad afiqsirebs adgilsamyofels – Cveul binas, romelTanac Ramis ganmavlobaSi gaucxovebula... aqa-iq tiktikis xma ismis, romelic mTlianad ipyrobs mananas smenasa da yuradRebas. TandaTan mayurebelic gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs am xmas, radgan masSi grZnobs ekranidan momdinare kods. mogvianebiT es bgerebi filmis kidev erTi, an sulac mTavari, personaJi xdeba, mananas dedis „usaxo“ xati. mananas TvalSi areklili fiqris yvela niuansi TandaTan gadmolaxavs tkivilian zmanebaTa samyaros, mZime realobis zRvars, sadac yvela da yvelaferi nacnobia misTvis, Cveuli da TiTqmis mosabezrebeli, da mainc misi... manana wamodgeba savarZlidan, fumfula sabaniviT rom Semoxveoda sxeuls. sayvarel soroSi mas Cacmuls eZina, myudrod da Tbilad, Tumca albaT mouxerxeblad... mananasaTvis ase iwyeba dRe. mananas hyavs meuRle _ anri (dimitri tatiSvili) da sami Svili. jer kidev axalgazrda eTqmis, diasaxlisia, ojaxis warmmarTveli. misi diasax-

lisoba xels aZlevs ojaxs – qmars, Svilebs, naTesavebs... kargia Tbili da myudro ojaxi, romelSic diasaxliss yvelaferi mowesrigebuli aqvs. paralelurad mananas Tavisi „sabediswero“ istoriiT vecnobiT: „sabediswero~, es misi mwerlobiT gatacebaa. visTvis „gataceba“, mananasTvis ki _ namdvili bediswera. imis miuxedavad, rom qmarsa da Svilebs sauzme, sadili, vaxSami Zveleburad gamzadebuli xvdebaT, ojaxi mainc ukmayofiloa, radgan lamazi da maTi survilebis damakmayofilebeli deda da meuRle daakldaT. amgvarad, danakargebiT da martosulobaSi cxovrobs manana da misi ojaxi, oRond gansxvavebulad esmis orive mxares am ori cnebis Sinaarsi. da mainc, danakargis SegrZneba is kritikuli zRvaria, rac gamoikveTa mas Semdeg, mananam romanis wera rom daiwyo. zRvari warmoSobs daZabulobas, emociur ukiduresobebs da aSiSvlebs adre CaxSobil fiqrebs, vnebebs, sulier Zvrebs. ojaxi Taviseburad mwvaved grZnobs mijnas. dedas maT yoveldRiurobaSi didi adgili ekava. `gandgomili~ mananac Sesabamis sivrceSi gadadis, da martosuloba, mTeli cxovrebis manZilze misi Tanmdevi rom iyo, TvalsaCinod dasanaxi axla xdeba. eqspoziciis mravlismTqmeli nawili kameris erTiani da tevadi moZraobiT da xmovani fonis daxvewili profesionalizmiT isaxeba filmSi. am ori komponentis – operatoris namuSevris da xmovani rigis gancalkevebiT kvlevas ar visaxav miznad, radgan im SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme, roca filmis Semadgeneli yvela mimarTuleba – Tematuri, saxviTi, xmovan-bgeriTi, samsaxiobo – rogorc ityvian, „kvdeba“ avtoris xelSi da qmnis erTian mxatvrul samyaros, romelsac saavtoro filmi hqvia. mananas dilis pirveli nabijebi ojaxTan aris dakavSirebuli. quCaSi jer aravinaa. manana da misi mezobeli qali yoveldRiuri, Cveuli ritmiT brundebian saxlSi – manana sanovagiT datvirTuli, mezobeli – samsaxuridan momavali. isini rkinabetonis „portaliT“ ubrundebian sakuTar ojaxebs. es is gza-xidia, romelsac mayurebeli mobinadreTa usaxuri yofisa da gaxevebuli sulis erTgvar metaforad aRiqvams Semdgom. ase gadis reJisori gamomsaxvelobis resursis klasikur gzas, gzas Canafiqridan saxe-xatamde da, rac metad mniSvnelovania – Semo-

კინოფორუმი

51

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით qmedebiTad gaazrebul dramaturgiul Tezisamde. amgvarad, „martosuli mgeli“ diasaxlisad iqca. aq erT rames gamovkveTdi: es ar aris personaJis transformacia, Tundac gansxvavebuli rakursiT danaxva. es aris adamianis suliT xorcamde gulwrfeli moqmedeba, rac aseve bunebrivad ikiTxeba orsaxovnad da Tumca am epizodis safuZvelze viRac ityoda, manana Tavdauzogavi diasaxlisia da amasTanave romans werso, – rac simarTle iqneboda, _ aseTi komentariT mainc ver gavigebdiT Tavad faqtis gansakuTrebulobas, anu faqts, rogorc „bedisweras“ gavacnobierebT mxolod mas Semdeg, rac gavigebT, Tu raze wers da saiT mihyavs manana sulier swrafvebs. rogorc ukve aRvniSne, reJisori gulwrfelad da martivad miuyveba ambavs da gvixsnis faqtebis wyebas. paralelurad filmis eqspoziciidanve TandaTanobiT SegrZnebebis iseTi qvedinebebi Semodis, rom mkafiod ixsneba qalis „ucnaurobebi“ fsiqokrizisul zRvarze (rogorc afaseben axloblebi da naTesavebi mananas mdgomareobas). faqtebis qveteqstebidan Cans, rom mananas orsaxovneba, – ojaxi da mwerlobiT gataceba, anu realoba da SeTxzuli samyaro, _ arc bolomde gaorebaa da arc fsiqikuri aSliloba. is mTeli arsebiT ekuTvnis sakuTar warsuls, fiqrTa samyaros, mis sulSi Rrma kvali rom daumCnevia, da yovelive amis qaRaldze gadatana surs. esaa da es. magram verc imas uarvyofT, rom reJisori gamomsaxveli stilistikiT, rasac TiTqmis mTlianad afuZnebs mananas personaJze da nata murvaniZe TavisTavad SesaniSnavad iTavsebs, _ saubris dros pauzebiT Tu metyvelebis daZabuli, zogjer idumali dinamikiT, plastikiT, _ qmnis or samyaros. Cven maT paralelur samyaroebs vuwodebT; da mainc _ paraleluri Tu erTiani da mTliani?! xilvadi Tu uxilavi? da sad varT Cven, an igive manana am sivrceTa nakadebSi?...

„CveulebrivSi araCveulebrivi~ isev eqspozicia... oRond SedarebiT ganviTarebul safexurze, esaa mananas dialogi mezobelTan, romlis cnobismoyvareobas pasuxebiT mudmivad ver akmayofilebs. dialogi martivi da yofiTia. mkafiod Cans,

52

კინოფორუმი

rom ori qali sruliad gamijnulia interesebiT. manana Sorsaa yofiTi cnobismoyvareobisgan, reJisori ar pedalirebs mananas sinamdvilisgan gandgomas, amgvari ram mas arc Caufiqrebia qalis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad, amitomac ar iyenebs gansakuTrebul eqscentrikul ileTebs, iseTebs, rogoricaa verbaluri Tu araverbaluri, TavisTavSi Caketili arsebis mdumare pasaJebis, an sulac e.w. uneblie moZraobebi. sinamdvilesTan SeuTavseblobis msgavsi suraTebi gvinaxavs sxvadasxva droisa da gansakuTrebiT, 60-iani wlebis evropul kinoSi. ana uruSaZis ukve aRiarebuli xedvis meTodi personaJis gandgoma-gaucxoebas gamoxatavs CveulebrivSi araCveulebrivis danaxvis meTodiT anu WeSmariti xelovnebis sivrceSi miRebuli klasikuri normebiT. TiTqos martivi gansasazRvria, magram mainc _ damafiqrebeli erT garemoebaze, kerZod imaze, rom XVIII saukunis ganmanaTleblis, filosofosis da dramaturgis deni didros (17131784) gamoTqmuli Sefaseba xelovnebis arsis Sesaxeb sruliad Tanamedroved isaxeba dRevandeli qarTuli kinopoetikis sivrceSi. mxedvelobaSi maqvs epizodis informaciuli nawili, an sulac damuSavebis meTodi, riTac mxatvruli Sedegi miiRweva; anu epizodis Sinaarsobrivi monacemi ise yalibdeba, rom arsebiTze arc saubaria da arc raimegvari aqcentireba. efeqts iZleva moqmedebis Cveulebrivi detalebis iseT TxrobiT konstruqciaSi moqceva, rodesac Sedegad sruliad gansxvavebuli fiqrTa nakadi iqmneba. am ukanasknels reJisoris mier ekranis magiuri SesaZleblobebis daZlevis unars mivakuTvnebT, rac uSualo kavSirSia gamomxatveli resursebis flobasTan. vgulisxmob sada da martiv gamomsaxvel xerxebs, romelTa kontrapunqtuli arseboba, rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, qmnis axal Tematur nakads, amjerad sasowarkveTamde misul safiqrals. amgvarad, zemoTqmuli orsaxovneba, iseve, rogorc CveulebrivSi araCveulebrivis danaxva, avtoris araordinaruli xedvis maxasiaTebelia, romelic mTlianad gasdevs filmis qsovils da movlenaTa WeSmariti amocnobis stils reJisoris xelwerad amkvidrebs. igive gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxi sxva epizodis magaliTze: diliT

produqtebnavaWr mananas anri wvrilmani sayvedurebiT avsebs. mananas ki esmis tiktiki – mayureblisTvisac ukve nacnobi xma. am dros is anris mosaubre aRar aris. gonebiT aRar imyofeba masTan. grZneul xmebSi TiTqosda raRacas an viRacas eZebs. es bgerebi igive xmovani signalia, filmis pirvelsave kadrebSi rom gaisma, da (adrec vaxsene) gardacvlili dedis Tanyofnis mauwyebel kodad iqca _ ori samyaro gaerTianda. amave epizodidan modis damatebiTi dramaturgiuli Tema, cxadia, isev yofiTad da iumoriT Seferili. mxedvelobaSi maqvs qmarTan abazanaSi moulodneli Sexvedris epizodi. albaT Tbili Sexvedra eTqmis, roca anri naxevrad xumrobis toniT eRlabuceba meuRles: „makoce“... Semdegi replika – „kide minda“... mayurebels msubuqi ganwyoba eufleba. anris intonaciac naxevrad bavSvuri, naxevrad mamakacuria. Semdeg loginSi Cagordeba da isev ambobs: „makoce“... es yvelaferi TiTqos xumrobaa. ver ityvi, rom mananasaTvis meuRlis alersi iZuleba iyos. Tumca, nacnobi sxeulis wamieri mofereba iqve wydeba _ mananas guli sxvagan miuwevs. da mainc, epizodis ZiriTadi Sinaarsobrivi muxti anrisgan modis: es ar aris sayvareli qalis monatreba, es aris pirovnuli simyudrovis SenarCunebis survili. gansxvavebuli elferiT Seferadebuli monatrebis Tema filmis eqspoziciis ramdenime monakveTma ukve gvauwya. amjerad kidev erTi epizodiT gavixseneb, rodesac dilis sauzmeze, ufrosi vaJi gamotydeba, rom deda moenatra. gulwrfeli gancda kalamburul sityva-pasuxSi gadadis da monatrebis namdviloba fermkrTaldeba... „Seni deda Tu Cemi deda“ .... „Seni dedac da Cemi dedac“... ase „dacuravs“ reJisori yofiT-verbalur alegoriebSi da saTqmeli yovelgvari utrirebis gareSe gvesmis, Zaldautaneblad, magram TviTironiiT. maTTvis monatreba droebiTi gaxsenebaa da ara tkivili. monatrebas manana ojaxis wevrebisagan gansxvavebulad ganicdis. Tundac imitom, rom dedis monatrebis gaRvivebuli marcvali gaxda mwerlobiT misi gatacebis mizezic, ramac reJisors am monatrebis saburvelad siuJetis Seqmna SeaZlebina. am saburvelSi yvela da yvelaferi mananas irgvliv TamaSdeba, misi pirovnuli Taviseburebi ki misave mravalwaxnagovan bunebas avlens. magaliTad, maSin, rodesac

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით

ugasaRebod darCenil qaliSvilsa da mis megobrebs manana kibeze sulmouTqmeli arbeniT autans gasaRebs (liftSi ar jdeba _ klaustrofobia!) da arc ki axsendeba, rom oTaxSi palto unda gaixados (disaxlisi paltoSi rCeba stumrebis momsaxurebis dros). qaliSvili aSkarad Sewuxebulia dedis araadekvaturi qceviT da TiTqmis iZulebiT xdis paltos. mananasTvis ki paltoTi Tu upaltood yofna SeumCneveli detalia; da es ara darRveuli Termoregulaciis gamo; ase pragmatikosi ityoda. mananam daagviana paltos gaxda, riTac gaakvirva qaliSvili. TandaTanobiT imasac vamCnevT, rom es detali arc dabneulobis CarCoSi zis. viciT isic, rom manana Sepyrobilia erTi mizniT, momavali wigniT, romelic mis mogonebebsa da xilvebs eZRvneba. da maSin, rodesac es survili gansakuTrebulad prevalirebs mis gonze, igi imdenad atacebulia vnebiT, rom aRaraferze fiqrobs. amjerad qals TiTqosda temperaturis SegrZneba uqreba; mudmiv stresul mdgomareobaSi araferia gasakviri, radgan vnebasayolili da mogonebaTa mRelvare talRaze myofi qali gancdebis gansxvavebul sivrceSi arsebobs.

amave TxrobiT intonaciaSia warmodgenili epizodi, rodesac manana mamasTan wasvlis win ezoSi, siciveSi, civ wyalSi banaobas apirebs... misi saqcieli Seusabamoa sinamdvilesTan imdenad, rom mis megobar da misiT mudmivad aRfrTovanebul megobar nukrisac akvirvebs. aseTia manana Tavis samyaroSi da sakuTar SezRudul sivrces wamiTac ver tovebs. es misi saarsebo velia, ukve saaSkaraod gamotanili daxuruli sivrce, sadac marto furclebi ar elodebian. iq misi cxovrebaa, warsuli, romelic ara da ar eTmoba... fiqri... da dedaxma _ tiktikis saxiT Tavs rom axsenebs mudam da albaT uxmobs Tavis enaze qaliSvils. kacma rom Tqvas, ra unda iyos gasakviri, rodesac iq, im sivrceSi deda da misive „fesvebi~ eguleba?! ar Semwydara maTi kavSiri, ojaxis diasaxlisi da sami Svilis deda, patara gogonas daukmayofilebeli moTxovnilebebiT agrZelebs arsebobas. Tavis emociur sazrisSi zRvargavlebuli ara aqvs ori usazRvro sivrce _ aq da iq. amitomacaa xma, _ filmis personaJi _ uxilavi deda masTan. manana sxva adamianebsac ixsenebs warsulidan, visTanac sxvadasxva dros

Sexeba hqonia. es erTgvari TamaSia, Tvalis da fantaziis TamaSi. abazanis kedlis filebSi, moxatulobis burusSi nacnobi adamianebis da „anabeWdebis“ amocnoba kritikulad ganawyobs anris, sxva axloblebs, (pirobiTad maT pragmatikosebi vuwode zemoT). amitomac aRizianebs anris mananas literaturuli mcdelobebi; yvelaferi, rac mis pirovnul esTetikur dogmebSi ar jdeba. anris erTi Sefaseba aqvs: „ar momwons“, „ar mainteresebs!“ rogorc Cans, anris gagebiT, yvela raRac CarCoSi unda CavsxdeT, viRacas rom movewonoT (?!). mananas ki CarCo ara aqvs, is Tavisufalia haeriviT da arc sxvisgan moiTxovs CarCos etikets. CarCos forma misTvis mxolod abazanis kedelze gakrul filebs aqvs. da rogoradac unda axsenebdes igi anris warsulSi maT nacnob adamianebs _ qmari Seuvalia. misi mdumarebis pasuxad ismis mananas xalasi, gulwrfeli sicili.

ojaxi gansakuTrebiT amazrzenia anris saqcieli wignis dawvis epizodSi. es ukve ulmoblobaa. colisTvis xel-

კინოფორუმი

53

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით

ic rom gadauxvevia, TiTqos fizika struqturulad gamoxatavs anris survils – morCilebis xafangidan ar gausxltes coli. manana ki arc apirebs gasxltomas. uxmod, sruli morCilebiT iRebs ganaCens, iqneb imasac fiqrobs, rom ojaxis wevrebs misi romani ar moewonaT da imsaxurebs aseT „ganaCens.“ autodafe sakuTar ojaxSi sayvareli adamianebisgan... TvalebdaTxrili Tevzis formis aivanze aseTive brmebi an TvalebRia brmebi dganan. mananas uxmod TanaugrZnobs mxolod qaliSvili, Tumca TanagrZnobis motivacia ar scildeba dedis trivialuri xatis moTxovnelebas da es Cans momdevno epizodSi mamasTan saubarSi, romelSic mama-Svilis, „Tanamedrove jalaTebis“ uxmo kavSiri udavod sagrZnobia. rom ara mananas gamZleoba, rac arCevnisadmi misi erT-

54

კინოფორუმი

gulebiT aixsneba, stresis gadatana SeuZlebeli iqneboda. ra klavs adamians? – axloblebis ulmobloba. Tanac klavs Zalian advilad, da rac mTavaria, gareSe TvalisTvis SeumCnevlad, sagnobrivi samxilebis gareSe. amgvarad, ojaxSi mananas „mexsierebis“ dawva ulmoblobis umaRles xarisxSi, magram Cveulebrivad, zedmeti emociebis gareSe Caivlis. oRond manana RamiT sizmars naxavs da diliT isev anris uziarebs sizmriT gamowveul gancdas, romelsac isev ar esmis colis; usmens, radgan SiSsaa atanili. es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac igi ar dascinis mananas da ukve seriozul saSiSroebas xedavs mis sulier portretSi. ver da ar xvdeba, rom sizmari pasuxia wina dRis mis sastik saqcielze...

da naambobs pragmatulad axsnis, rogorc yovelTvis yvelafers...

sizmari mananas sakuTari Tavi manananggalis saxiT gamoecxadeba, welSi gadaWrili qveda nawils tovebs da welszeviT frens... am ambavs yveba ubralod, Tumca monstris ieriT SeZrwunebas ar malavs. nata murvaniZe vrcel monologs erTi, TavdaWerili emociis horizontaluri melodikiT awvdis mayurebels, mozomili intonaciiT. mxrebze moxuruli sabnis fonze misi xelebi, TiTebi da saxe „muSaobs“ mxolod. araCveulebrivi plastikuri monaxazia... ambobs tiktikebdao. es ucnauri CurCuli Tu xmauri mananas Tan sdevs. dedis SegrZneba naxevari cxovrebis gavlis Semdeg ewvia da

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით gagebis unariT. arc erTia damnaSave da arc meore. deda-Svilma ver gaugo erTmaneTs, dedas eCqareboda isev da isev maTi momsaxureba, qaliSvils ki mosiyvaruleba undoda – deda moenatra! an meore magaliTi: samzareulo, ojaxuri garemocva... manana sakmaod xalisiania, vidre mis pirad sivrces Seexeba vaJi, romelic mobilur telefonSi erT-erTi kompiuteruli testiT daberebis efeqts uCvenebs. yvela erToba, manana ki isterikaSi vardeba. aravis esmis, ratom. afeqtur, aralogikur emociur gadasvlebSi is adre argamoxatul protests gamoTqvams da es ar aris fsiqiatriis sagani, es aris siyvarulis deficitisgan gaxevebuli sulis xavili. kidev erTxel rwmundebi, rom adamianis sulis moZraobis amsaxveli sarke mxolod xelovnebaa. es Cans rogorc aRweril epizodebSi, ise Semdgom, konkretul SemTxvevaSi. filmis reJisors esmis Tavisi gmiris, Tanac icis mayureblisTvis aucilebeli ram _ rogori unda iyos kinoxelovnebis enaze saTqmelis gamoTqmis gramatikuli forma. ufros vaJTan xsenebuli konfliqtis Semdeg manana damnaSaved grZnobs Tavs, Tumca ver utydeba mas. aivanze, moajirTan mdgomi Svils TvalebiT, usityvod acilebs. misi statikuri gamosaxuleba imdenad datvirTulia gancdiT, rom mayurebelSi suicidisTvis gmiris mzadyofnaze fiqrs aRZravs _ miniSnebiT da wamierad.

masTan Tanacxovrebis gancda dabada. pasuxad mananasaTvis sayvareli adamianebi, maT Soris anri, mis koSmarul sizmrebs „sigiJed~ miiCneven, arnaxul gulcivobas iCenen da mtrebi xdebian mxolod imitom, rom ar esmiT gverdiT myofi axloblebisa. minda gavamarTlo yoveldRiur qaosSi myofi adamianebi: maTTvis xom rTuli aRsaqmelia sxva adamianis sulis krizisuli mdgomareoba, sulieri tkivilis gageba, garda im sinamdvilisa, rogoric sikvdilia, sabediswero faqti, romelic Sedegs iqve gaZlevs. magram faqtis miRma uamravi mizezia, rasac mihyavs adamiani saboloo aRsasrulamde. es TandaTanobiT xdeba, ufro metic _ rogorc aRvniSne, mouxelTebelia cnobieri samyarosaTvis. winapiroba, metadre winapirobebi, rac

nabij-nabij sulier kvdomebs iwvevs, samedicino anamnezSi ar aRiniSneba. samagaliTod movixmobdi mananas damokidebulebas SezRudul sivrcesTan, Tumca, rogorc sxva maxasiaTeblebs, reJisori xazgasmiT arc mas ukavSirebs personaJis sulis moZraobebs. SezRuduli sivrcisadmi SiSi, rogorc sxva Tematuri motivaciebi, konkretuli faqtiT Cndeba epizodSi. rodesac mananas qaliSvili saxlSi momaval dedas dainaxavs, liftis karTan daimaleba da surs bavSvurad gaiTamaSos misi SeSinebis scena. gaiReba liftis kari da... mis win mxolod ori parkia, manana ki kibeebze amorbis, raTa gaCerebul lifts mouswros da saswrafod gamoitanos navaWri. mizezi zemoT vaxsene _ klaustrofobia. gogona gaognebuli rCeba – mas ver ugebs sakuTari deda, arc TviTon gamoirCeva

manana damnaSaved grZnobs Tavs umcrosi vaJis winaSec, romelic sauzmis dros dedaze saubarSi ar monawileobs da anazdeulad gadis samzareulodan. midis, sadac deda eguleba da monusxuli SeCerdeba, rodesac manana saZineblidan saabazanoSi, sul oriod nabijSi, ise „gasrialdeba“, rom sityvasac ar etyvis; ki, gaxedavs bavSvs, magram Tvalebi mxolod gacla-gaparvaze fiqroben. es albaT erTaderTi epizodia, sadac manana realurad amJRavnebs Tavisi miznis magnetizms _ mTeli arsebiT gadavides wignis sivrceSi, im samyaroSi, romelic misTvis ufro organulia, vidre ojaxuri sinamdvile, raoden mtkivneulic unda iyos es dedisTvis. mananas sulis fskerze sinanulis amokiTxva umanko bavSvis erTma gamoxedvam SeZlo. Svili pirvelad SeeWvda _ dedisadmi ndobam da gulwrfelobam (rac jerjerobiT kidev arsebobs masSi da rasac droTa

კინოფორუმი

55

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით ganmavlobaSi isic dakargavs) bzari ganicada. reJisori specialurad ar aSiSvlebs gancdebis winapirobebs. ar daviRlebi imis mtkicebiT (da aRtacebiT), rom filmSi „mSvidad“ ibadebian gancdebi da mayurebelTan analitika modis faqtebis miRma, movlenebis aRqmis da abstrahirebis Semdgom, rogorc cxovrebiseuli movlenebisa da maTze mayureblis emociur-racionaluri reagirebis nazavi. Txrobis mxatvrul-stilisturi Taviseburebis gadamwyveti ori nakadi reJisoris mier gansakuTrebuli gaTvliTa da SefarulobiT isaxeba, kadrisa Tu epizodis Sinaarsobriv monacemTa gancalkevebis gareSe. amasTanave, faqtis ormagi wakiTxvis uflebiT sargeblobisas igi SeumCnevlad axerxebs Tvalis axelas maTTvis, visTvisac ulmobloba jer kidev SeumCnevelia. maSin, rodesac ojaxis sadistur saqciels xisti mTxrobeli ganxeTqilebis kulminaciad warmoidgenda. cxadia, ana uruSaZis safiqrali da tkivilis gancda aq ar Tavdeba. filmisadmi miZRvnil statiebSi xSirad Semxvedria mananas asakis xseneba. piradad CemTvis mananas istoria asakTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. igive SeiZleboda gadaxdomoda nebismieri asakis adamians da ara mxolod qals. miT ufro araswori iqneboda filmis, rogorc „postsabWoTa qveynis realobaSi“ amokiTxuli istoria. gana im realobaSi ar iyvnen gamorCeuli, dRevandeli moduri terminologiiT _ „sensitiuri“ adamianebi? ufro metic, saukuniT adre, dostoevskim „idiotad“ moaxseniebina Tavisi gmiri personaJebs, romlebmac ver amoicnes pirovneba, vinc TvalsaCinod ganasaxierebs qristes mowodebas _ iyaviT viTarca bavSvebio... („vinc bavSviviT ar miiRebs RvTis samefos, ver Seva masSi“. markozi, X,13-16).

nukri sapirispirod meuRlisa, mananas SezRudul sivrceSi bunebrivad ewereba mananas megobari da misi niWiT monusxuli nukri uniWieresi msaxiobis, ramaz ioselianis gansaxierebiT. manana Tavisi zmanebebiT da nukri Tavisi praqticizmiT SesaZloa am azrisken ar gangvawyobdes, magram rodesac davfiqrdebiT, rogor ugeben isini erTmaneTs, pirveli, rac gvafiqrdeba, Tanamoazreobaa _ nukris mier mananas niWis aRiareba. aSkaraa, rom manana da nukri, yvela personaJisgan gansxvavebiT, erT kul-

56

კინოფორუმი

turaSi arseboben. amitomac mananas garemocvaSi nukri gansxvavebulia. isini eTvisebian erTmaneTs imitom, rom nukris aqvs unari Cawvdes movlenebs siRrmeSi; anri ki mxolod fuls aZlevs mananas Tavis mosawesrigeblad da ar cdilobs misi interesebis gagebas, da rac mTavaria, ar sTavazobs siyvaruls, rac mas, rogorc Seyvarebul mamakacs, unda gamoarCevdes. nukri ki gancdebis adamiania, erTguli, mebrZoli moyvasisTvis, azartuli adamiani, wignis „Wia“, literaturis mkvlevari. erTi SexedviT, gandegilis cxovrebiT macxovrebeli sicocxliT savsea, ufro metic, Tavis rwmenasa da energias mananasac gadascems. nukris msgavsi adamianebi amdidreben samyaros. nukri yvelafers akeTebs imisTvis, rom mananas romani daibeWdos, oRond TanamoazreTa moZieba rTulia. kidev erTi megobar-gamomcemlisgan Seuracxyofili nukri midis moxucTan, romelsac uvlis dangreul qoxSi. es misi saidumloa, calke mdgomi mananas istoriisgan. isev ormagi cxovreba... manana TandaTanobiT nukris gasaidumloebuli cxovrebis mowme xdeba. igi xidze mimaval nukris, rogorc mtacebeli msxverpls, ise aedevneba. am dros nukri ukve misi romanis personaJia da ara megobari. es siuJeturi gadaxveva mananas romanis kidev erTi dramaturgiuli svlaa, romelic fragmentad rCeba. sruliad calke novelaa stambis epizodi. nukri aq eZebs xsnas, aq eguleba sabeWdi dazga, romelzec mananas romans dabeWdavs. reJisori, miuxedavad TiTqosda epizodis, ase vTqvad, meoradi xasiaTisa, saguldagulod gviCvenebs wignebis am mavzoleums.

Taroebze miyrili wignebis feri gaxrwnili gvamebisas hgavs. stambis mepatrone ki _ sasaflaos direqtors. is uxiagia, amitom mananasTan konfliqti gardauvalia. samagierod dazgas meore dResve moitans nukri da es iqneba mananas dabadebis dRis saCuqari. madlierebis gancdiT aRvsili manana eamboreba nukris, agrZnobinebs sakuTari sxeulis siTbos... am ambors nukri Rirseulad, amaRlebuli gancdiT iRebs. manana sakuTari dabadebis dRis meore diliT, gamTeniisas, saRamos kabiT brundeba nukrisTan. misi safasado saxe sul erTi RamiT dabrunda. es droebiTi gasvla iyo misi warmosaxviTi realobidan, iZulebiTi, movaleobiT gamowveuli... nukrisTan misuli lamazi qali igive qalia,

vinc mawanwalasaviT dadioda wuxel da erTaderTi, rac mayurebels mis e.w. respeqtabelur yofas axsenebda, paltoze SemorCenili bewvis sayelo iyo. am dabrunebas sakraluri mniSvneloba aqvs nukrisaTvis, razec ar ilaparakebs; mananas warmosaxvaSi ki maTi uxmo dialogi gasagebia.

manananggali miTi Tu realoba films, rogorc adamians, Tavisi sametyveli ena aqvs, kinopoetika. vgoneb, ukve gasagebia, rom filmze `saSiSi deda~ pragmatuli eniT ver ilaparakeb. radgan avtori gitacebs Tavis samyaroSi, gavsebs Tavisi sulis siRrmiT. iqneb imitom, rom erTerTi personaJi da mTavari personaJi miTosidan gacocxlebuli manananggalia. miTebis biblioTeka ki gvamcnobs, rom mananggalebi xSirad cxovroben cocxal garemoSi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi (dedamiwazec, adamianebis garemocvaSi), isini ar iqceven yuradRebas, arc raime eWvs aRZraven. SesaZloa is Citic, JRalTmiani qalis TmebSi rom brwyinavda da Semdgom mananas sakuTrebad iqca, rogorc maTi sacnobi niSani sxvadasxva sicocxleSi gadasvlis amosacnobad. filmis poetika, Tavisi orsaxovnebiT mananggalebis sulTa moZraobis Sesabamisia pragmatul sinamdvileSi xilviT movlenili. am poetikaSi ewereba e.w. utyvi samyaroc – mZime da sevdiani, ufro ki uxamsi Senobebi ukve xsenebuli TvalRia mkvdari TevzebiviT rigSi Cawyobili aivnebiT; esec igive galaqtikaa, rasac ukve gavecaniT filmSi mananas ojaxis saxiT; gulgrilobis, siborotis, maxinji urTierTobebis galaqtika. es aris monstrebad qceuli betonisa da rkinis konstruqciebi, saidanac gadian realur sivrceSi adamianebi (filmis personaJebi) da sadac isev brundebian soroebSi, kidev ufro SezRudul sivrceebSi, gacnobierebuli Tu gaucnobierebeli SiSebis samefoSi. rkinis monstrebic maTi msgavsi adamianebis agebulia, isini bevrni arian. maTi mizania adamianebis „mowesrigebuli“ ganTavseba saxlebSi, sadac damalaven survilebs, ocnebebs, fiqrebs, Sinagan impulsebs. erTgvari geto... da isev, vimeoreb, Canafiqris gamosaxatad, arc aq aris reJisoris mizandasaxuli Zalisxmevis, iarliyis miniWebis niSanwyali.

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით axalgazrda reJisori im Taobas ekuTvnis, romelic TviTon aseTi „arqiteqtoruli Sedevrebis“ garemocvaSi gaizarda, Tumca adamianisaTvis SeuTavsebel garemod miiCnevs rkinabetonSi cxovrebas. xolo imisaTvis, rom mayurebelma ukeT gaigos misi saTqmeli, realur garemos iyenebs. reJisoris gamomxatvel resursSi aseTi gadawyvetileba TiTqmis yvelaze metyvel metaforad iqceva. monstri Senobebis bina-satusaRoebSi advilia adamianis izolireba, Caketva, arakomunikabelur TvalRia leSad qceva. arsebobis es forma SeiZleba ganivrcos. amitom msgavs „ujredSi“ cxovreba, ufro ki Caketva, adamianze monstris gabatonebas niSnavs, Tundac uxilavi manipulatoris SeZenas.

ucnauria, ana uruSaZes realur da qveteqstiT amokiTxul nafiqralze mizandasaxulad arc aq miuTiTebia, magram saTqmeli pirdapir da savsed gamoTqva. man asaxa erTi ojaxis cxovrebis garkveuli monakveTi, ufro ki ramdenime epizodi, ramac ara imdenad siuJeturi ganviTarebiT, ramdenadac asaxul suraTTan mayureblis identifikaciiT mravalsaxovani fiqrebi aRZra.

mama avtori sentenciebis gareSe gvixsnis adamianebis bedis, tkivilisa da sixarulis, gatacebis saidumloebebs. es yvelaferi Tavs iyris

mananas mamasTan stumrobis epizodebSi. rogorc ki aRmoCndeba binis interierSi marto, ismis xmebi _ isev tiktiki. deda aqaa... mama, asakovani da daavadebuli (msaxiobi avTandil maxaraZe) mZinare dauxvdeba samuSao magidasTan. mayurebeli xedavs, rom Svili mamis mimarT Secodebas da danaSauls grZnobs. is TiTqos mZinare mamis saxeze danaSaulis monaniebis niRabs xedavs; niRabs, radgan Semdeg ukve gamoRviZebuli mama ironiulmkacr, ulmobel da mrisxane saxes ibrunebs; albaT iseTs, rogoric mananas bavSvobidan axsovs. es mogvianebiT. iqamde ki, vidre sZinavs mamamTargmnels, manana isargeblebs amiT da Sedis dedis oTaxSi, TvalebiT efereba dedis nivTebs. aq yvelaferi

კინოფორუმი

57

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით isev isea, rogorc adre, misi sicocxlis dros. WaRis sakidis narCenic ki, sazarel mogonebas rom aRviZebs, isev Camoglejilia. Rame aq sibnelea. vin Sedis am bnel oTaxSi RamiT? _ albaT is, vinc Werze gawyvetili mavTuli xeluxlebeli datova... manana dedis saZinebelSi Sesvlis dros magididan SeumCnevlad (visgan, iq aravinaa) iRebs mis erT-erT mosarTav nivTs, Tmis sarWs. Semdeg sizmarSi orives, _ dedas da Svils, _ erTnairi Tmis sarWi ukeTiaT frTosani manananggalis SegrZnebiT. manana aRsavsea dedasTan sulieri siaxloviT. amave dros filmis dasasruls (meore Sexvedrisas) SevityobT, rom manana aseve mamis „namdvili Svilicaa“ _ filmis qsovilSi mananas da mamamisis erTgvari gaTiSulobis miuxedavad, vxedavT, rom mama Targmanis xelovnebiT imgvarive vnebiT aris Sepyrobili, rogorc manana – wignis weriT. mamis sityvebi: „wignis dasruleba mis damTavrebas ar niSnavs...“ _ mananasTvis ganaCenic aris da gafrTxilebac. mamam icis, rom wigni izolirebis momaswavebelia da mananasTvis kidev ufro rTuli iqneba Semdgomi cxovreba. mas gamocdili aqvs wignis samyarosaTvis Tavis Sefareba, rac Svebis momtani ar aris. amgvari vneba sulis simartovis Sedegia; im simartovisa, martosulobas rom niSnavs da rom adamianebiT savse garemoSi itrialeb Tu marto iqnebi oTx kedelSi, arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs. ucnauri mxolod isaa, rom am gancdis mqone adamianis bednierebac da ubedurebac es aris. yofaSi amas mosdevs mTeli rigi „moulodnelobebi“, mananas SemTxvevaSi _ Tundac kldeze asvla da Camovardna (fragmentulad rom gaivlis mananas mSvid replikaSi) da, rac mTavaria, daZabuli urTierTobebi ojaxis wevrebTan... TandaTan mosabezrebeli xdebi SenTvis sayvareli adamianebisTvis. ase moxda rogorc mamis, ise mananas cxovrebaSi. maSin, rodesac mananas mxolod erTi ram unda, rom uyvardes mamas, anris, Svilebs... urTierTobebis Catexili xidebi ki devnis mananas saaxloblo sivrcidan. isic morCilad ewereba usiyvarulo garemoSi. is ar laparakobs siyvarulis deficitze, magram mayurebeli grZnobs Caklul vnebas. albaT igive surda mamasac sakuTar ojaxTan damokidebulebaSi. samwuxarod, misi „miuRebloba“ mananas ojaxSic gavrcelda. simartove ki TandaTan sul ufro gausaZlisi gax-

58

კინოფორუმი

da. muSaobidan daRlil mama-mTargmnels mxolod Zili da sizmrebis samyaro uwvdis xels.

Zalian martivad daingra RvTisgan dawesebuli samkuTxedi... manana – deda – mama. sayvareli saqmiT dakavebuli mama-mTargmnelis yuradReba da siyvaruli mananas mudmivad aklda. deda _ usayvarlesi arseba... man tragikulad daamTavra sicocxle. mamiseul saxlSi Camoglejili WaRis sakidis narCeni, rogorc bedisweris Tanmdevi niSani, mananas mudmivad axsnebs mas. mananas cxovrebis dramatizmi mSoblebis tragediebSia ganfenili da xangrZlivi warsuli aqvs. mamamTargmnels sruliad gansxvavebuli ieriT warudgeba manana-avtori

_ lamazi, pasuxismgeblobis mqone, Tavdajerebuli avtoris saxiT. igi mzad aris TiToeuli sityvis dasacavad, yvelaze ulmobeli verdiqtis mosasmenad. sapirispirod, aRfrTovanebuli mTargmnelis STabeWdilebis mosmena uwevs. avtorsa da mTargmnels Soris TiTqmis bolomde sufevs kolegialur-profesiuli distancia. mxolod nukrisTan seqsis epizodze laparakis dros mama ubrundeba manana_Svils, „warmosaxva ara gaqvs“, _ miaxlis risxviT... pasuxad manana sisxliT savse abazanaSi mkvdar nukris „xedavs“. mama ki agrZelebs monologs, romlis warmoTqmac iqneb mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi surda. mis aRsarebaSi mananggalia mTavari gmiri: „SiSma mokla, SiSma

დებიუტი ახლო ხედით Caukla yvelaferi. yvelafers Tavis sasargeblod akeTebs manananggalia Tu viRac...“ _ yviris ukanaskneli ZalisxmeviT mama da bolos dasZens: „finalisTvis moxvedi?“ radgan xvdeba, rom kamaTs azri ara aqvs da verafers gaawyobs mananasTan; man waago SvilTan brZola; brZola siamayis SesanarCuneblad. sakuTar siZliereSi darwmunebuli da RvTiuri Zalis uarmyofeli mama motyda da danebda Svils iseve, rogorc damarcxda sayvarel qalTan, romelmac sikvdiliT mougo. „dedaSenis Tavis CamoxrCobis scenas mainc nu maTargmnineb“, _ Cailaparakebs da gadis. SesaZloa samudamodac. masac Tavisi cxovrebis Teatri aqvs da am TeatrSi surs dabruneba. mamasTan dialogi kafeSi Tavs uyris mananasTan dakavSirebul yvela siuJetur xazs, yvela Tematur daskvnas da klasikuri finalis funqcias asrulebs. mananas mama, rogorc personaJi, klasikuri dramaturgiidan nacnobi saxea; xasiaTebi meordeba; adamianis vneba, safiqrali, adamianis reagireba maTze ar icvleba. adamiani, rogorc maradiuli arseba, ucvleli rCeba, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra daxvewilobas miaRwia misma Sinaganma samyarom. saocaria, rogori siTamamiT Caifiqra mamis saxe ana uruSaZem filmSi, sadac miTosis Tema Semoitana da ar moerida mniSvnelovan monologSi mamis intonaciasa da mimikaSi groteskuli Strixis gamoyenebas. avTandil maxaraZes, sturuas Teatraluri dadgmebis gamocdilebis mqone msaxiobs, rolis mravalferovnad gaxsnis teqnikuri problema ar gaaCnia, magram mamis saxeze muSaobisas ana uruSaZis siTamames zurgs ufro metad umagrebs pirobiTobis sakuTari xedva, esaa xilvis epizodi, xmovan-bgeriTi idumali kodis migneba, zogadad, filmis orsaxovnebis (Cveulebrivi _ araCveulebrivi) koncefcia. anu SemoqmedebiTi xedvis `gamocdileba~, rac debiutantma reJisorma amave filmSi gamoimuSava. `saSiSi dedis~ magaliTze Cans, raoden Rirebulia WeSmariti xelovneba, an ufro zustad, xelovanis originaluri xedva. ara aqvs mniSvneloba, ra erisaa igi, roca is Seqmnilia maRali xelovnebis xarisxSi da Tavisufalia drois moTxovnebisgan an sulac erTi romelime kulturis wiaRSi... dazRveulia konkretikisgan. filmis bolo kadrSi avtori mama-Svilis urTierTdamokidebulebas sab-

olood wyvets. manana xarbad iniSnavs mignebuli finalisaTvis sityvebs _ xelze, majaze, Tan gaurkveveli Rimili etyoba tuCebs. saidanRac imis gancdac gveufleba, rom TiTqos monstrma gaiRviZa masSi. sulis tkivili ganidevna da xarbad ewafeba sakvebs.... isev tiktikis xma. am saubris Sedegad mananam ipova romanis finali, rasac didi xnis ganmavlobaSi eZebda. ipova da SimSilis grZnobam gaiRviZa masSi, amitom xarbad daewafa saWmels, romelic aSkarad mas ar ekuTvnoda. ... da films daesva wertili. gazeTi `sinevropa~ `saSiSi dedisadmi~ miZRvnili statiis saTauria `saSiSi deda~: ojaxi rogorc monstrebis inkubatori~ (Scary Mother: Family as an in incubator of monsters, by VASSILIS ECONOMOU, CINEUROPA, 03/08/2017 - LOCARNO 2017), aRiarebs mananas metamorfozas. vfiqrob, aq mainc remarkaa gasakeTebeli. wertiliT marTla ar mTavrdeba nawarmoebi. ramdenime wamSi SesaZloa manana mixvdes, rom cxovrebaSi aravinaa gamarjvebuli; gamarjvebuli iseTive damarcxebulia, rogorc TviT damarcxebuli. ai, amitom filmis finalSi dasmuli moulodneli wertili mravalwertilad iqceva da Ria finalad darCeba.

„Cumi alersis ardabruneba“ „saSiSi deda“ Sinaganad Tavisufali axalgazrda xelovanis manifestia.

SemTxveviT ar uTqvams roman karmens, cnobil kinodokumentalists da araerTi Taobis kinoxelovanTa maswavlebels, rom kino axalgazrdebis xelovnebaa. am gamoTqmis logikur gagrZelebad JRers marsel prustis xma warsulidan: mxolod axalgazrdobaSi SeiZleba raimes gagebao, rom wers. ana uruSaZis Taoba saukuneTa gayris, XX-XXI saukuneebis mijnaze dabadebuli Taoba, pirveli Taobaa, romelmac mTlianad moicila postsabWoTa dogmebi. isini rkinabetonSi gacxadebuli ideologiiT icnoben warsuls da midian axali realobisken. bunebrivia, am realobasac Tavisi monstrebi hyavs da eyoleba, Semdeg isinic Seicvlebian. maradiuli mxolod miTia. Tumca, progresi da yovelgvari mankierebisagan ganwmenda mxolod am gziT xdeba. filmis avtori da misi gmiri, rogorc erTi mTlianoba, grZnoben sastiki samyaros meore, sapirispiro napirs, magram saxels ar arqmeven.

sxvadasxva epoqaSi mas sxvadasxva saxeli erqva _ ZiriTadad es iyo saxelmwifo an religiuri sisastikiT gamorCeuli reJimi, maT Tavisi „gmirebi“ hyavdaT. dRevandel sinamdvileSi maTi saarsebo sivrce ar izomeba pozitiur-uaryofiTi ideologiis dapirispirebiT, is ufro socialur-mentaluri farTia, sadac Zaladobis samiznea adamianis suli da naklebad _ misi fizikuri ganadgureba. es kidev ufro sastiki formaa ganadgurebis. „saSiSi dediT“ mayurebelma gaicno individualuri xedvis reJisori, romlis bolo wertilsac eqneba gagrZeleba, radgan igi realobas mihyveba da iqidan iRebs sazrdos. mizez-Sedegobrivi ganmartebiTi Txrobis stili, moqmedebis ganviTarebis kadridan kadrSi aRmavali gadasvla, axalgazrda Semoqmedis TiTqosda „naivuri“ xedva, sadac TvalsaCinoa sinamdvilis polifoniuri xedva, mafiqrebinebs, rom reJisorma da scenaristma ana uruSaZem araTu icis raze saubrobs, misi codna gulwrfelobaSia. aqedan gamomdinare, mas ar gaurbis saTxrobi masala, rac TiTqosda bunebrivad iqceva dramaturgiad, rac debiutant reJisors myari da Zlieri xeliT upyria, anu misi gasaxiereba individualuri sareJisoro azrovnebiT aqvs daZleuli. aucileblad aRsaniSnia, rom ana uruSaZe kinoxelovnebaSic da zogadkulturul sivrceSi klasikuri ganaTlebis fundamentze dgas, magram Tavis gzas ki adgas. adrec vTqvi da axlac vimeoreb, misi xedva, msoflio presaSi araerTgzis wodebuli „axal xedvad~, klasikuri dogmebis gaTanamedrovebuli xedvisa da Tanamedrove, iqneb momavlis reJisuris erT-erTi saxeobis nazavia (erT-erTi, radgan procesis ganviTareba erTi mimarTulebiT arasdros xdeba). swored aqedan iRebs saTaves misi interesi maradiuli Temebisadmi, rasac gvixsnis gulwrfelad da uSurvelad dRevandeli realobis impulsebis SegrZnebiT. dasawyisSive ganvacxade, rom esaa filmi maradiul Temebze, haeriviT rom sWirdeba adamians Tanamedrove qaotur yoveldRiurobaSi; filmi _ monatrebis, siyvarulis moTxovnilebis, sulieri urTierTgagebis deficitis Sesaxeb. CamonaTvals davumatebdi: mTlianad filmi da mananas romanis wakiTxuli Tu

კინოფორუმი

59

A CLOSE-UP VIEW OF A DEBUT დებიუტი ახლო ხედით

waukiTxavi furclebi aris „Cumi alersis ardabrunebaze“... romlis Sesaxeb werda 25 wlis galaktonic 1916 wels. dRes ana uruSaZem `ardabrunebis~, rogorc Temis, mxatvruli asaxvis erT-erTi, Tanamedrove varianti gviCvena, romelic aucileblad saWiroebs „Tanaavtor mayurebels“ (marina cvetaevas cnobili gamoTqmis _ “Читатель _ это соавтор” _ perifrazi). ana uruSaZis filmis msoflio warmateba imaze metyvelebs, rom man „Tanaavtorebi“ moipova.

P.S. da bolos is, rac erT daskvnaSi ileqeba _ samyaroSi arseboben faqizi energiebi adamianebis saxiT, es dasturia sulierebis maradiulobisa, sawinaaRmdegod pragmatizmisa, cinizmisa, egoizmisa. da isev, Tezisis gaormagebuli datvirTva _ mTavari gmiris gamometyvelebiT utrirebuli, rac mayurebels gadaecema, kerZod: sulierebis Ziebis rTuli da vrceli gza Tavis ukidures gamovlinebebSi saSiS gatacebad SeiZleba eqces adamians da man SesaZloa iseTi metamorfoza ganicados, rom Tavad gaxdes monstri.

60

კინოფორუმი

Gone forever...

Ana Urushade’s film “Scary Mother” ETER OKUJAVA

Ana Urushade’s film “Scary Mother” is a time-limited portrait of a woman’s life. Manana’s passion for writing is the cornerstone of the drama which revives the woman’s past, makes the present significant and also raises future questions. Ana Urushadze’s film is about missing, mutual understanding and closeness of souls.

It should be noted that both in the film art and general cultural space, Ana Urushadze follows the fundamentals of classical

education. However, she has her own stand. Her point of view, called as “the new vision” in the world press several times, is the mixture of the modernized classical dogmas and contemporary, perhaps one of the types of future film-making (one of the types because the development of the process never takes only one direction).

This is where her interest towards eternal topics originates and tries to explain it to us earnestly and with the feeling of impulses of the present reality.

მთავარი როლი

ნატა მურვანიძე:

ეს ძალიან სახიფათო სამუშაო იყო�...

�

am bolo wlebSi qarTul kinematografSi mravalferovani Ziebebi mimdinareobs. procesi daiwyo TiTqmis yvela mimarTulebiT. gafarTovda dramaturgiuli sivrce. Seiqmna saSualo Rirebulebis mqone mxatvruli filmebi. esec kanonzomieria. ufro mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom Cvens qveyanaSi maRalmxatvruli filmebi gadaiRes axalgazrda reJisorebma. ana uruSaZis filmi _ `saSiSi deda~ mravalmxrivi kvlevis survils aRZravs. amjerad warmogidgenT nata murvaniZes, romelmac filmSi mTavari rolis saukeTeso SesrulebisaTvis daimsaxura aziuri oskari.

_ ra STabeWdilebas tovebda Tqvenze Tavdapirveli masala da ra transformaciis gza gaiara Tqvenma gmirma Canafiqridan mis ekranul sicocxlemde. vfiqrob, es personaJi seriozuli fsiqo-filosofiuri gansjis obieqti xdeba dRes. _ marTali giTxraT, Cemi midgomac aseTi iyo. ana uruSaZe reJisoris specialobisTvis Zalze axalgazrdaa. Tu msaxiobisTvis am asakSi raRac mniSvnelovani ar daiwyo, SemdegSi muSaoba misTvis garTuldeba. reJisori ki, piriqiT _ gamocdilebas agrovebs. ra iyo CemTvis xelCasaWidi am scenarSi... Zalian bevri scenari maqvs wakiTxuli, Tumca Zalze iSviaTia dramaturgiuli TvalsazrisiT amdenad gamarTuli namuSevari. qarTuli kinodramaturgia did gavlenas ganicdida. Tundac oTar ioselianis `iyo SaSvi mgalobelis“ Tematikis safuZvelze _ wlebis manZilze iqmneboda filmebi, sadac gmiri iRviZebs, dgeba, midis, midis da ase Semdeg. ZiriTadad, es scenarebi pirobiTad araferze mogviTxrobdnen. gadis erTi dRe, sami dRe, erTi kvira... naxevari saaTi...

Tumca ra saTqmels emsaxureboda gmiris gadaadgileba erTi adgilidan meoreze, gaugebari rCeboda. aqedan gamomdinare, bevr namuSevarSi arc mimiRia monawileoba. magram anas scenarma Tavidanve damainteresa _ masSi araferi iyo imis msgavsic ki, rac vaxsene. scenari, romelic man gamomigzavna, jer dasrulebuli arc iyo, Tumca masSi yvelaferi naTeli gaxldaT. xolo is xazebi, romlebic daxvewas da konkretikas moiTxovda, ukve erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad dasrulda.

Zalian saintereso faqtia isic, rom scenari, erTi mxriv, axalgazrduli gulubryvilobiT, meore mxriv, sakmao gamocdilebiT iyo agebuli. es ori faqtori rogor gam-

Tlianda, CemTvis gaugebaria. Cven detalebis daxvewas movandomeT didi xani. da kvlav: erTi mxriv, bavSvurad miamiti da meore mxriv, fsiqologiurad sakmaod travmirebuli personaJi iseT STabeWdilebas tovebda, TiTqos seriozulad arc udgeboda im ambavs, rac Tavad daiwyo. Zalze bevr rames itevs es personaJi, magram ara motivaciis gareSe. reJisori, saerTod, mosamzadebeli periodis Semdeg iwvevs msaxiobs, Cven ki erTad gaviareT es gza. Tumca iyo garkveuli mosamzadebeli periodi _ daaxloebiT, erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi yoveldRe gvqonda kontaqti da mxolod scenarze ar vsaubrobdiT, rac saSualebas gvaZlevda bolomde gagveazrebina yvelaferi. naTeli xdeboda, Tu ra surs reJisors da ra molodini SeiZleboda hqonoda Cemgan. erTmaneTs vuziarebdiT mosazrebebs sxvadasxva sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. ibadeboda saintereso asociaciebi. aseve, Zalian bevri momca meTodma, romlis Tanaxmad me garkveul literaturul personaJs veyrdnobi, vikvlev mas, Semdeg ki Cems naazrevs vamateb gmirs, romelic unda viTamaSo. am SemTxvevaSi gamoviyene mixeil javaxiSvilis moTxroba `kurdReli“ travmirebuli da amgvarad, gatexili personaJiT, romelic Sepyrobilia mis cxovrebaSi adre momxdari tragediiT. es CemTvis erTgvari karnaxia _ ara aqvs mniSvneloba, literaturuli personaJi qalia Tu mamakaci... _ rodesac am filmze vwerdi, Tqveni gmirisken mimavali romeli gzac unda amerCia, yovelTvis garemosTan konfliqtamde mivdiodi. sivrcesTan, realobasTan disharmoniaSi myofi manana ar aris mxolod garemosTan SeugueblobiT datanjuli personaJi. is uamravi saxis winaaRmdegobas ganicdis _ sakuTar TavTan, realobasTan, warsulTan, awmyosTan, TiTqos sxva ganzomilebaSi arsebul sakuTar mesTan da ase Semdeg. Tqven rogor fiqrobT, ikiTxeba Tu ara es namuSevarSi da gqondaT Tu ara amaze erTi da igive mosazreba reJisorTan? _ diax, Cven gvqonda erTi pozicia da swored amisTvis dagvWirda is erTi Tve, sanam yvelafers davalagebdiT. manamde, ra Tqma unda, arsebobda kiTxvebi da saWiro iyo pasuxebis povna. saintereso iyo kritikuli azris mosmenac. CemTvis, saerTod, Zalze mniSvnelovania profesiuli kritika. is didi saCuqaria da realuri Sedegebi moaqvs: iwyeb fiqrs, Tu sad, rogor da ratom ar gamovida is, riskenac iswrafodi. oRond, vgulisxmob, ra Tqma unda, motivirebul SeniSvnebs da ara gemovnebis doneze gamoTqmul mosazrebas. profesiuli TvalsazrisiT bevri ram zrdis am dros msaxiobs. _ Cndeboda Tu ara mananas personaJTan dakavSirebiT kiTxva: `ratom ara?“

კინოფორუმი

61

მთავარი როლი _ TavisTavad, ra Tqma unda! _ Tu aris mananas personaJis xasiaTis niSnebSi raime iseTi, rac yvelaze met kiTxvas badebs? _ nebismieri personaJis qcevis mizezi, motivacia unda vicode... unda viyo darwmunebuli Cemi personaJis simarTleSi, sxva SemTxvevaSi ver viTamaSeb. sirTule swored aq Cndeboda _ gareSe Tvali xedavs, rom mananas raRac krizisi aqvs, romlis mizezic ar Cans, Tumca arsebobs travma, romelic mananas dedas ukavSirdeba... rac mTavaria, problema cocxalia. misi es `ucnauroba“ ormag aRqmas ejaxeba, rac dResac arsebobs Cvens sazogadoebaSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, Cveulebisamebr, ojaxis wevrebi amgvar mdgomareobaSi eqimis daxmarebas mimarTaven; meore SemTxvevaSi ki xdeba adamianis sruli izolireba, Caketva mxolod imitom, rom is, ubralod, sxvas ar hgavs. mananas hyavs fanatikosi, romelic yvelafers uwonebs _ nukri (ramaz ioseliani), Tumca, romc ar arsebobdes is, mainc ase moxdeboda yvelaferi.

Cans, rom mananas nukris damokidebuleba arafers aZlevs. droul da saintereso garemocvas qmnian qmris (dimitri tatiSvili), aseve mamis (avTandil maxaraZe) personaJebi. aq iCens Tavs gansxvaveba dasavlur kulturasTan. magaliTad me, Zalian didxans vatarebdi mokled SeWril Sav Tmas, xolo filmisTvis Tma davigrZele da SeviRebe. Cemma meuRlem miaqcia yuradReba am cvlilebas, dainteresda, ramac gamaxara. ucxoeTSi ki epizods, rodesac mananas eubnebian, Tma SeiRebeo, zewolad aRiqvamen. arada, zustad xuTi wuTis win qmari qals fexebs bans. es faqti xom raRacaze metyvelebs maT urTierTobaze. _ vfiqrob, Tqveni personaJi filmidan `saSiSi deda“, gansxvavebulia nebismieri xasiaTisgan, romlebzec adre gimuSaviaT. _ amis saSualebas iZleoda masala, vinaidan swored is giwyobs xels, waSalo sakuTari Tavi bolomde: Zalian sainteresoa, ramdenad SeZleb gaqrobas, gauCinarebas... _ aziur oskarTan dakavSirebiT, rogor fiqrobT, rogor gamoiyureboda Cveni filmi iq, zogad fonze? am konkurss sakmaod specifikuri maxasiaTeblebi aqvs. Tanamedrove kinosamyaroSi es prizi Zalian mniSvnelovania. mixaria, rom aqac miaRwia warmatebas qarTulma kinom. _ moxda ise, rom am konkursSi pirvelad monawileobda qarTuli delegacia da sami prizi wamoiRo. sasiamovnoa, gixaria, roca yovelive es sxvagan xdeba. Tumca, arsebiTad, es marTla arafers cvlis, garda imisa, rom zustad iseve ginda gaagrZelo muSaoba, rogorc manamde gsurda. qarTuli kinosTvis marTla mniSvnelovania amgvari Sefasebebi. ai, axlac xom viyaviT oskaris kampaniaze amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi da amazec SemiZlia visaubro, radgan iq Cvidmeti dRiT gaxldiT. eqvsi Cveneba iyo, Semdeg _ Sexvedrebi da akademiis wevrebTan saubrebi. Zalian saintereso adamianebi, Tavisi profesiis kargad mcodneebi, mekiTxebodnen, vin iyo damatebiTi inspiraciis wyaro, romeli avtori. ZiriTadi mesiji, rac filmidan modis, adekvaturad iyo aRqmuli.

Cems SemTxvevaSi dainteresdnen Cemi wina namuSevrebiT. vuTxari, rom bolo filmSi 2007 wels miviRe monawileoba (vgulisxmob, ase vTqvaT, sanaxav films, anu „sami saxli“) da Semdeg _ aTi weli pauza... _ es albaT warmoebis problemebamdec midis da Cveni realobaa. _ diax... gaognebulebi darCnen, radgan Tuki msaxiobi xuT-eqvs proeqtSi ar monawileobs, rogor unda gaizardos?! me veubnebodi, rom vizrdebiT TeatrSi, radgan Cven TeatrSi vmuSaobT. iq, Cvengan gansxvavebiT, fiqroben,

62

კინოფორუმი

rom Tu TeatrSi muSaob, ese igi kargi profesionali xar. miaCniaT, rom Tuki msaxiobi TeatrSi ver muSaobs, ese igi sakmarisad ver flobs profesias _ niWieri adamiania, magram xelobas ver flobs. esec Zalian sainteresoa, Tu ras niSnavs iq msaxiobad muSaoba. is, rac CemTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovania, ar aris dakavSirebuli, vTqvaT, arc materialurTan, arc sxva araferTan. procesi, kvleva, rac me ase mainteresebs... amis saSualeba iq ar meqneboda. ver gamovicvlebodi... gavtydebodi albaT da Zalian male damTavrdeboda Cemi muSaoba. CemTvis telefonis zaric ki stresia da iq rogor gavZlebdi... ramdenime qveyanaSi gavlili maqvs treningebi pedagogebTan; magaliTad inglisSi, sadac iyvnen sxvadasxva qveynidan mowveuli, sxvadasxva teqnikiT momuSave pedagogebi; aseve Cexovis festivalze, sadac mixail Cexovis meTodiT muSaobdnen, rac principSi strasbergis skolaa. iyvnen amerikeli, kanadeli, Svedi, frangi pedagogebi. yovelive es saWiroa imisaTvis, rom sxeuli iyos mzad saTanadod moqmedebisaTvis, vinaidan adamiani yovelTvis iqceva arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesabamisad. suli da xorci erTianad mobilizebuli rom iyos, amisTvisaa saWiro trenaJebi da amgvari wvrTnebi, rac nel-nela, raRac etapis Semdeg, avtomatikaSi gadadis. es ukve didi ostatobaa _ TiTqos TviTon personaJi iwvevs raRaceebs. magaliTad, „saSiS dedaSi“ gavixseneb, rom mTeli filmis manZilze muStebi maqvs Sekruli, imitom, rom mananasTvis es mdgomareoba bunebrivia. oRond, ratom moxda ase, ar vici. xelisgulebs mxolod muSaobis dros xsnis, rodesac unda weros. es SevniSneT da gamoviyeneT. manana mxolod maSin grZnobs Tavs kargad, rodesac frTebs Slis, danarCeni yvelaferi misTvis aris marili muWebSi, anu amgvari mdgomareoba.

Teatris msaxiobebi pirvel rigSi grZnobasa da gonebaze viwyebT fiqrs; es Zalian saxifaTo samuSao iyo swored imis gamo, rom danis wverze gavlas udrida; gamoxatvis saSualebebi ar aris vualizebuli, rac kinoSi sakmaod saxifaToa. es kargad mesmis. swored amitom dagvWirda winaswar dro, marTali rom vTqva, me mindoda, rom ase yofiliyo; mindoda, rom mayurebels bolomde ver gaego, personaJi ar moswons Tu me ar movwonvar personalurad. amas veubnebodi anas, rom Tuki mivaRwie imas, rom personaJi ki ara, nata aRizianebs, kargia. da mimaCnia, rom raRacas mivaRwieT Tundac am gaRizianebiT. mokled, iRbalia, rom aseTi masala Semxvda da momeca saSualeba amgvari ram mecada. kinoSi pirdapir cxovrob, Tumca es amave dros masze damokidebuls gxdis, radgan im mdgomareobas organizmi TviTon iwvevs, eCveva. yoveldRe, Tormeti-Tvrameti saaTi xar am mdgomareobaSi... Cven 34 dRe viRebdiT da davamTavreT Tu ara, meore dResve mqonda TeatrSi speqtakl „bakulas Rorebis“ repeticia. erTi mdgomareobidan uecrad meoreSi gadavvardi. gadasvla isea, TiTqos Tavidan kargad xar, Semdeg ki aRmoaCen, rom Saqari mogmatebia, dieta unda daicva, raRaceebi SezRudo... am dros giJdebi... rac ufro mets muSaob, miT ufro gadadixar Wkuidan. marTla narkotikis efeqti aqvs am yovelives. yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ase warmomidgenia. _ amJamad axal kinoproeqtebze verafers gvetyviT? _ Cveni reJisorebi didxans inaxaven saidumlos. vici, rom raRaca igegmeba, magram ver wavarTmev reJisors imis fufunebas, rom bolo wuTSi gadaifiqros. es xom misi filmia. _ gisurvebT mraval saintereso proeqtSi monawileobas! _ didi madloba. qeTevan trapaiZe

მთავარი როლი

Nata Murvanidze: "It was a very challenging task" Nata Murvanidze won the award Asian Oscar in Australia at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards for the Best Performance by an Actress. It is worth mentioning that an absolutely new, versatile character was born on the screen. Nata Murvanidze talks about it in her interview. The actress emphasizes artistic associations and realization of a heroine’s feature which gives the ground of multi-sided analysis of a main heroine of the film. In addition, the actress expresses interesting opinions regarding the peculiarities of working in the film as an actor/actress. It refers to some nuances of her personal experience and skills.

კინოფორუმი

63

რეალობის მხატვრული სახე

თმენის ლიმიტი სალომე ალექსი-მესხიშვილის ფილმის კრედიტის ლიმიტის� გამო � salome (nuca) aleqsi-mesxiSvili daibada 1966 wels TbilisSi. daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia.

1988-1992 wlebSi salome da kostumebis mxatvrad muSaobda ramdenime mxatvrul da moklemetrJian filmze, agreTve Teatralur dadgmebze. 1996 wels man warCinebiT daamTavra parizis kinoskolis (FEMIS) sareJisoro ganyofileba. `kreditis limiti~ aris misi pirveli srulmetraJiani sadebiuto filmi. `kinoforumi~ siamovnebiT warudgens mas kinomayurebels da imedovnebs, rom filmi advilad miaRwevs adresatamde.

64

კინოფორუმი

problemis danaxva reJisoruli xedvis amocnobaSi upirvelesi maCvenebelia. salome aleqsi-mesxiSvilma gadalaxa Tanamedrove qarTuli kinos stereotipi _ narkomania da omi da dainaxa am ori ubedurebis Semdgomi realoba _ gaRatakebuli sazogadoeba; sazogadoeba, romelic sul ramdenime wlis winaT cxovrebis naRebs warmoadgenda. am suraTis miRma ki aris raRac, rac gansakuTrebul elfers sZens „kreditis limits“. ver vityvi, rom xsenebuli Tema ar ikiTxeboda guguli mgelaZis mier 2003 wels gadaRebul „gaWedilebSi“. piriqiT _ masSi pirdapir iyo gamoTqmuli duxWiri cxovrebis amsaxveli mware `Tezisi~ _ mecnieri rom daxlTan dadgeba... mas Semdeg gavida 13 weli. orjer Seicvala erTmaneTisgan radikalurad gansxvavebuli xelisufleba. da isev _ xelmokleoba, materialuri krizisi, adamianebis sulieri daknineba... magram

aris erTi ram, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom realobis masStabi Seicvala, avtoris gulwrfelobam filmi ufro damajerebeli da dramatuli gaxada. ai, es Tviseba gamoarCevs salome aleqsi-mesxiSvilis films masSi asaxuli sinamdviliT adre nanaxTagan; Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom arc sxva filmebi („gaiRime“, „me var beso“ da sxv.) malaven igive sinamdviles. salome aleqsi-mesxiSvili axali Taobis reJisoria. igi qarTuli kinos procesSi mSvidad da gulwrfelad Semovida. mas ar usargeblia cnobili dedis _ qalbaton lana RoRoberiZis da arc cnobili mamis _ arqiteqtor lado aleqsimesxiSvilis saxelebiT; filmisTvis SerCeuli Tema adamianebisadmi TanagrZnobiT tkivilian siuJetSi gaacocxla. Cveni azriT, piradad salomes xasiaTis niSnebi filmis mSvid tempo-ritmSi aisaxa, Tumca, saTxrobi masalis Sinagani daZabuloba amiT ar gamqrala. piriqiT,

IMAGERY OF REALITY sandoobiT aRiWurva da mayureblis keTilganwyoba umal moipova. vfiqrobT, suraTis saTqmels gansakuTrebul masStabs sZens msaxiobi nino kasraZe _ mTavari rolis Semsrulebeli. sazogadod am msaxiobis gansakuTrebuloba marTlac aRsaniSnavia. misi saSemsruleblo teqnika, samsaxiobo ostatobis palitra, xasiaTis konceptualuri amoxsnis sada da metyveli monaxazi SesaniSnavia, am yovelives erTobliobaSi xasiaTis mTlianoba iZerweba. usasrulod SeiZleba mis ostatobaze saubari. amasTan isic saTqmelia, rom qalbatoni nino im asakSia, rodesac aqtiurad unda iwvevdnen kinematografistebi. dasasrul, am patara Canawers filmis Sesaxeb erTsac davamtebdiT: „kreditis limiti“ realobis is sivrcea, _ da vrceli sivrce, _ romelsac uTuod Rirs Cawvde Rrmad. amitom mkiTxvels movuwodeb gahyves avtoris mier ekranul saxeebSi Caqsovil fiqrebs.

salome aleqsi-mesxiSvili filmografia „Rame“ / Une nuit, 1994. „zRvaze xom ar wavsuliyaviT?“ /Si on allait à la mer?/, 1996. `bedniereba~ / Felicità, 2009.

jildoebi: veneciis 66-e kinofestivalis moklemetraJiani filmebis Jiurim stiuart gordonis TavmjdomareobiT gadawyvita gansakuTrebuli aRniSvniT _ specialuri priziT daejildovebina nuca aleqsi-mesxiSvilis filmi `bedniereba~ seriozuli ekonomikuri da politikuri problemis cincxali da TavSesaqcevi warmodgenisaTvis. kinofestivali TRIESTE (moklemetraJiani filmebis konkursi, xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis kinos jildo) _ gansakuTrebuli aRniSvna, specialuri prizi, `filmi aris qarTuli da evropuli periferiuli sazogadoebis zusti, mware da TavSesaqcevi portreti ekonomikuri da politikuri riskebis dros.~ me-16 kinofestivali DELLA LESSINIA, BOSCO CHIESANUOVA (italia), 2010, Grand Prix Lessinia / LESSINIA GOLD, `am filmSi dramatuli socialuri sakiTxi damuSavebulia mgrZnobelobiT, ironiiTa da originaluri TxrobiTi gamomgoneblobiT. Jiuri gansakuTrebiT aRafrTovana filmis teqnikurma donem, reJisuram da msaxiobTa TamaSma. es filmi warmatebulia, erTi mxriv, imiT, rom axerxebs mayurebelTa emociur CarTulobas, meore mxriv, STaagonebs iseT Zireul sakiTxebze dafiqrebas, rogorebicaa siyvaruli, sicocxle da sikvdili.~

THE LIMIT OF PATIENCE “LINE OF CREDIT” BY NUTSA ALEKSI-MESKHISHVILI Salome Aleksi-Meskhishvili was born in Tbilisi, 1966. She graduated from Tbilisi State Academy of Fine Arts. In 1988-1992 Nutsa worked as a designer and costume designer for several feature and short-length films as well as for stage performances.

In 1996 she graduated from the Film School of Paris (FEMIS), Director’s Faculty with Honours. “Line of Credit” is her first fulllength debut film.

To see the problem is the principal indicator of identifying the director’s vision. Nutsa Aleksi-Meskhishvili has overcome the barriers of Georgian film stereotype – drug addiction and war – and has seen the further reality of these two disasters – impoverished society representing cream of the crop most recently.

There is something beyond this image that adds a specific tone to “Line of Credit”.

Nino Kasradze - actress in the leading role makes the film particularly extensive.

Generally, the peculiarity of this actress in the artistic gallery is indeed worth mentioning.

კინოფორუმი

65

რუბრიკა კინოაღლუმი

ამერიკის კინოაკადემიის დაჯილდოება kinematografiul xelovnebaTa da mecnierebaTa amerikuli akademia (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, AMPAS), daarsda kaliforniis StatSi 1927 wlis 11 maiss, rogorc sazogadoebriv sawyisebze arsebuli profesionalTa organizacia, romlis mizania kinematografis ganviTarebisaTvis xelSewyoba. akademia aerTianebs aSS kinoindustriis TiTqmis 6000 profesionals. akademia yovelwliurad gascems premias _ oskars, amasTanave ajildoebs studentebs da kinodramaturgebs (arsebobs 5 nominacia), moicavs biblioTekas da piqfordcentrs holivudSi. akademia aerTianebs SemoqmedebiT da teqnikur 13 seqcias (msaxiobTa, reJisorTa, produserTa, memontaJeTa da sxv.).

oskari _ yovelwliuri erovnuli premia metro-goldvin _ maieris (Metro Goldwyn Mayer) xelmZRvanelma luis b. maierma moifiqra. saqarTvelodan oskaris nominantebi iyvnen: 1997 wels nana jorjaZe _ kinoreJisori, scenaristi, msaxiobi, mxatvari, prodiuseri, qarTul-franguli filmiT „Seyvarebuli kulinaris 1001 recepti“.

2015 wels kinoreJisori, scenaristi da produseri zaza uruSaZe filmiT `mandarinebi~.

saukeTeso filmi

saukeTeso musika filmisaTvis

wylis forma (THE SHAPE OF WATER), aSS

wylis forma (THE SHAPE OF WATER), aSS

giliermo del toro (Guillermo del Toro)

aleqsandr despla (Alexandre Desplat)

filmis saukeTeso reJisura

saukeTeso ucxoenovani filmi

wylis forma (THE SHAPE OF WATER), aSS

fantastiuri qali (UNA MUJER FANTÁSTICA), Cele, germania, espaneTi, aSS

giliermo del toro (Guillermo del Toro)

sebastian lelio (Sebastián Lelio)

mamakacis saukeTeso roli bneli droebebi (DARKEST HOUR), didi britaneTi geri oldmani (Gary Oldman)

saukeTeso animaciuri srulmetraJiani filmi kokos saidumlo (COCO), aSS edrian molina, li ankriC (Adrian Molina, Lee Unkrich)

qalis saukeTeso roli sami bilbordi ebingis sazRvarze. misuri (THREE BILLBOARDS OUTSIDE EBBING, MISSOURI), aSS

saukeTeso originaluri scenari

frensis makdormandi (Frances McDormand)

Jordan pili

Sors Cemgan (GET OUT), aSS

saukeTeso saoperatoro namuSevari danis pirze morbenali 2049 (BLADE RUNNER 2049), didi britaneTi, kanada, aSS rojer dikinsi (Roger Deakins)

66

კინოფორუმი

კინოაღლუმი

giliermo del toro frensis makdormandi

geri oldmani

კინოფორუმი კინოფორუმი

67

პერსონა

68

კინოფორუმი

პერსონა

მერილ სტრიპი

მსახიობი, ვარსკვლავი, ცოცხალი ლეგენდა... meril stripi _ sicocxleSive legendad qceuli amerikeli kinomsaxiobi, varskvlavi. is msaxiobze metia da varskvlaze popularuli. mas aramarto afaseben, aramed uyvarT. misi azri angariSgasawevia nebismier auditoriaSi. is erTnairad sainteresoa Tavisi Tamami da principuli azrovnebiT, profesiuli da moqalaqeobrivi rwmeniT. igi bednieri da sisxlsavse cxovrebiT cxovrobs Tavis ojaxTan erTad.

rac Seexeba miRwevebs, meril stripi oskarebis flobelTa Soris namdvili lideria (mTavari da meore planis rolebisaTvis _ 21 nominacia) da oskarTan erTad _ oqros globusi, bafta, sezari da sxv. vinc naxa 2012 wlis BAFTA dajildoeba, mowme gaxdeboda im araCveulibrivi samsaxiobo masterklasisa, romelic meril stripma Caatara prizis aRebis dros _ scenisken mimaval aRelvebul msaxiobs fexsacmeli gasZvra. is ar SeCerebula, viRacas gaxeda, raRac replika esrola, gulianad gaicina da mikrofonTan mivida. qolin fiortmac, prizs rom waradgenda, mSvenieri partnioroba gauwia miss strips am daugegmav etiudSi _ rainduli moxdenilobiT saswrafod miutana fexsacmeli, CaiCoqa da Caacva. meril stripma ki madloba amboriT gadauxada.

konkiasTan asocirebuli siuJetis eqspromtad gaTamaSeba auditoriam, romelsac zedmiwevniT kargad esmis samsaxiobo ostatobis yvela xriki, mSvenivrad gaugo da saTanadod daufasa msaxiobs es xumroba _ aplodismentebiT daajildova. meril stripma, dedofaliviT mdgarma, ukve mikrofoniT gaagrZela samadlobeli sityva. sxvaTa Soris, dedoflobis gancda mas sisxlSi hqonda gamjdari, rac misive mogonebidan Cans. is ixsenebs, rom bavSvobaSi araswori Tankbilvis gamo breketebiT `galamazebulma~, saTvaleebianma, muqTmianma gogonam mSoblebis sawinaaRmdegod rogor gadaiReba Tmebi, moixsna breketebi, saTvalis nacvlad kontaqturi linzebi gaikeTa da gabrwyinebuli saxiT da RimiliT gamocxadda saskolo mejlisze, sadac yvelam erTxmad mejlisis dedoflad airCia.

კინოფორუმი

69

პერსონა beli... denisTan (redfordis gmiri) erTad koconTan gatarebuli saRamoebi mxolod urTierToba ar aris.

SesaZloa es iyos momavali cxovrebisaTvis mzadeba, denisTan ganSorebis Semdeg rom daewyeba. filmis reJisorma sidni polakma meril stripis Sesaxeb Tqva: `mas mdidari warmosaxvis unari da saukeTeso intuicia aqvs, myisierad grZnobs adamianis moqmedebas, maSin, rodesac uyuradRebo da narcisuli naturis adamianebi amas ver igeben~.

1987 wels meril stripi jek nikol-

sonTan erTad gvxvdeba socialur dramaSi `narSava~. jek nikolsoni _ didi msaxiobi da aseve qalTa gulebis mpyrobeli meril stripTan wyvilSi!.. Tumca brwyinvale duetma gamomgoneblobiT gamorCeuli varskvlavuri filmi aseve gamorCeul mxatvrul nawarmoebad ver aqcia.

meril stripi mxiaruli, araCveulebrivi iumoris grZnobiT dajildoebuli adamiania, rac skolaSi xSirad problemebs uqmnida. mizezi, ZiriTadad, misi dramatuli wriT gataceba da maswavleblebis parodireba iyo. an ... rodesac yovelgvari gramatikuli wesebis dacvis gareSe Tavmomwoned saubrobda frangul enaze, radgan moswonda franguli ena da a.S. meore planis ramdenime rolis Semdeg meril stripma maikl Ciminos `irmebze monadireSi~ (1978) axalgazrda qalis, lindas roli ganasaxiera. roli isev meore planis iyo, magram iyo gmiris pirovnebaSi iseTi xveulebi, rac meril strips mis Sinagan bunebaze, ase vTqvaT, meditirebis pirobebs uqmnida. misma gamoCenam pirvelsave kadrSi TvalsaCino gaxada personaJis sityva da fiqri, mayurebeli ki raRac ucnauri ndobiT aRavso misdami. filmi saocrad daZabuli da vnebiani dramaturgiuli struqturiT gamoirCeva. qorwilis epizodi megobrebis vietnamis omSi gamgzavrebis win, sadac linda da maikli (robert de niro) siZe-patarZlis xelismomkideebi arian, isea gadaRebuli, rom qveteqstebiTa da meore planis xedebiT filmis gmirTa urTierTobis ganviTareba da dasasrulic ki ikiTxeba. am qargaSi stripisa da de niros per-

70

კინოფორუმი

sonaJebi obieqtivis centrSi arian da namdvil virtuozul samsaxiobo teqnikas avlenen. lindas rolisaTvis meril stripma pirveli oskari aiRo (meore planis rolisaTvis). Semdeg iyo joana filmSi `krameri krameris winaaRmdeg~ (1979), sofi `sofis arCevanSi~ (1982) da a.S. _ erTi sityviT, yvela warmatebuli roli msaxiobs varskvlavur momavalTan aaxloebda. arcerT mimoxilvaSi ar aris dasaxelebuli melodrama `Seyvarebulebi~ _ 1984 wlis filmi isev de nirosTan erTad. saqme is aris, rom TiTqmis arafriT gamorCeuli siuJeti, ordinaruli ambavi araCveulebrivi gaxda swored maT gamo. sxvaTa Soris, isini megobrebi arian dResac.

1985 wels meril stripi monawileobs

filmSi `afrikidan~ robert redfordTan erTad. filmis gmirebi afrikaSi xvdebian erTmaneTs da miuxedavad maT Soris aRZruli gansakuTrebuli grZnobisa, siyvaruli siyvarulad rCeba. es aris ori Tavisufali, Tavisi cxovrebiTa da mrwamsiT mcxovrebi adamianis Sexvedra, romlebmac aRmoaCines da Seiyvares erTmaneTi. maTi siyvaruli hgavs ori meteoris Sejaxebas, afeTqebam galaktika rom gaanaTa da amave Sejaxebis Zalam Sors gadaagdo erTmaneTisgan. filmSi `afrikidan~ meril stripi namdvili emansipirebuli qalia, Tavisufali, aqtiuri, niWieri mTxro-

meril stripi ukideganod farTo diapazonis msaxiobia _ mas yvelafris TamaSi SeuZlia. is erTi xediT gadaRebul epizodSi axerxebs gancdebis sruli palitris, Sinagani impulsebiT gamowveuli garegani Seferilobis Cvenebas. am dros mas TiTqos saxis feri da kanis struqturac ki ecvleba. mayurebeli xedavs grZnobaTa moZraobis, gancdis maqsimums. cxovrebaSi qalbatoni stripi mudam moRimari, yovelTvis sazogadoebis centrSi myofi da aqtiuria _ yovelgvari qvena azrebis gareSe gaxarebuli Tavisi kolegebis warmatebis gamo, maSin, rodesac romelime maTgani oskars iRebs, is ki nominantad rCeba. igi aRsavsea rwmeniT, uyvars cxovreba da Tavisi saqme. cxovrobs sinamdvileSi ise, rogorc cxovrobs ekranze, anu maqsimaluri daxarjvis JiniT, warmatebis mopovebis bunebrivi SegrZnebiT ekranze. maqsimalurad ixarjeba yvelgan. is ukve aRiarebulia. axali Taoba modis da misi warmateba, misi ostatoba mxolod gakveTilia maTTvis. masTan TamaSi ki nebismieri rangis msaxiobisTvis didi pativia. is aris ukve legenda, romelic cxovrobs aq da axla. filmSi `medisonis olqis xidebi~ (1995) qalis mTavar rolze araerTi cnobili msaxiobi moiazreboda: jesika lengi, izabela roselini, siuzan sarandoni, anjelika hiustoni... kritikosebi weren, rom meril stripis arCeva am rolze klint istvudis damsaxurebaa, romelic mamaka-

PERSONALITY

cis mTavari rolis Semsrulebeli da filmis reJisoric aris. filmi siyvarulzea, ufro zustad, siyvarulis im ramdenime dReze, romelic franCeskas (meril stripi) cxovrebaSi samudamo siyvarulad darCa. albaT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom meril strips siyvarulis gancdis yvela waxnagi amocnobili aqvs Tavisi personaJebis sulis siRmeebis safuZvelze, rasac gansakuTrebuli warmateba moaqvs. magram... roca vixsenebT filmebs `eSmaki atarebs pradas~ (2006), `rkinis ledi~ (2011) da sxva, JanriT da TematikiT, istoriuli viTarebiT gansxvavebul filmebs, unda vaRiaroT, rom meril stripis Semoqmedeba samsaxiobo ostatobis mwvervali da xelovnebis namdvili nimuSia. `rkinis ledis~ gamosvlis Semdeg meril stripi aRiarebs, rom ar eTanxmeba tetCeris zogierT politikur gadawyvetilebas. magram mas sjera, rom yvela misi gadawyvetileba momdinareobs misive saukeTeso ganzraxvebidan. meril stripis azriT,

is ar iyo `kosmetikuri~ lideri, romelic icvleboda sxvadasxva dinebis mixedviT. tetCers sjeroda Tavisi mrwamsis; mrwamsis erTgulebis SenarCuneba ki Zalian rTulia. `me aRfrTovanebuli var imiT, _ ambobs meril stripi, _ rom mas yovelTvis hqonda damoukidebeli azri. misTvis mniSvnelovani ar iyo, uyvars is Tu ara sazogadoebas, Tanamoazreebs, ras fiqroben oponentebi. igi yovelTvis myarad idga Tavis mosazrebebze. axla amas aravin akeTebs.~ tetCerisadmi gamoxatuli pozicia TviT meril stripis sazogadoebrivpolitikuri poziciis demonstrirebaa. amitomacaa, rom aSS sinamdvilisa da misi amJamindeli prezidentis gamo igi Tavs nebas aZlevs iyos Tavisi gmiriviT Tamami da damoukidebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom saWiroebis dros mis gverdiT arian misi megobrebi, maT Soris upirvelesia robert de niro, romelic nebismieri sarisko gancxadebebis dros meril stripis mxardaWeriT gamodis. warmatebebi, meril!

Meryl Streep An Actress, Star, Living legend...

MERYL STREEP – An American film actress, star who has become a legend in her own lifetime. She is more than an actress and popular than a star.

She is not only respected but loved, too.

Her opinion is taken into consideration by any audience. She is similarly interesting for her daring and principled thinking, professional and civilian belief. She leads happy and active life together with her family. As far as her achievements are concerned, she is a real leader in earning the greatest number of Oscars (for leading and supporting roles – 21 nominations) and Oscar nominees (apart from Oscar Golden Globe, BAFTA, Cesar and other awards).

კინოფორუმი

71

რეცენზია

პატარა ფილმის

დიდი სათქმელი ეთერ ოკუჯავა

pirveli, rasac SeamCnev dito cincaZis xelovnebas _ inteligenturobaa. am gansazRvrebis miRma vgulisxmob reJisoris xelweris iseT maxasiaTeblebs, romlebsac saTqmeli gansakuTrebuli formiT moaqvs. ra formebia es? _ sityvisa da saekrano masalis gamomsaxveloba, rac filmis saazrovno sawyisis da koncefciis, misi esTetikuri gansaxovnebis iseT flobaze metyvelebs, romelic efuZneba gamomxatvelobis klasikur normebs, magram imavdroulad gamorCeulia daxvewili avtoriseuli sulieri aRnagobiT.

swored es maxasiaTebeli, anu avtoriseuli xdeba kvlevis sagani, radgan swored man uzrunvelyo filmis inteligenturobis nimbi, anu mniSvnelovani, metad mtkivneuli Temis savsed (magram ara uxeSad), siRrmiseulad (magram ara sworxazovnad), principuli mizandasaxulobiT (magram ara amoCemebiT) saTqmelis gamoTqma. da kidev erTi ucnauri Tviseba dito cincaZisa: rafinirebulma, delikaturma Txrobam icis, rogor miaRwios mayureblamde. erTi sityviT, araerTi Tviseba mxiblavs dito cincaZis SemoqmedebaSi da es mizidavs `ojaxSic~, romelic teleekranze SemTxveviT vnaxe. es aris patara, kameruli filmi sami msaxiobiT: col-qmari Temo da eka (Teimuraz WiWinaZe da nino kasraZe) da Temos megobari qali (megi kobalaZe). Tumca, filmSi vxvdebiT amerikel endrius da dedamissac, ZiriTadad, mainc es sameulia filmis Sinaarsis ganmasaxierebeli personaJi. dito cincaZis filmi „ojaxi“ gadmoscems ambavs, romelic Tanamedrove qarTuli yofa-cxovrebis Tematikis erTi damoukidebeli segmentia. gayofili ojaxi, umetesad _ qali, wasuli sazRvargareT samuSaod da saxlSi darCenili qmar-Svili, bavSvi bebiasTan, meuRle ki fuqsavati, Tanac amayi fuqsavati da colis moRalate

72

კინოფორუმი

რეცენზია

namdvili qarTveli vaJkaci. yovelive es garegnuladac mravlismTqmelia. magram filmSi aris uxmo garemoc, mravalmxriv ganmapirobebeli ZiriTadi saTqmelisa. esaa oTaxebSi miyril-moyrili nivTebi, samosi. es ukve aRar aris ojaxi… upatronod mitovebuli Tevzebi: lusi da lili... ekas usayvarlesi arsebebi an ojaxis mosagonar simyudroveSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone arsebebi, romelTa mogonebac TemosTan saubarSi ekas emociur afeTqebas iwvevs. samwuxarod, es yofili ojaxia.

saZieblad. meore mxriv sabazro ekonomikam yvela, saqmis mcodne Tu armcodne, biznesSi gaaqcia. magram saxelmwifo samsaxurSi usaqmurobas miCveuli adamianebi, _ sadac imuSavebdi Tu ara, arc ise Seetyoboda saerTo saqmes, radgan viRac mainc gaakeTebda Sen gasakeTebels, _ biznesma ver igua, gamoriya, kidev ufro gaRaribebuli da gaRatakebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, piradi pasuxismgeblobis arqona, umetesobas Cvevad rom hqonda gadaqceuli, damarcxda saqmian cxovrebaSi.

amgvarad, wyvili erTmaneTs skaipiT esaubreba. isic garkveviT migvaniSna reJisorma, rom proeqtori ekam gamogzavna amerikidan. saubari exeba, ra Tqma unda, bavSvs, Tbilisur cxovrebas, samsaxurs, romelsac, rogorc meuRle _ Temo ambobs, vera da ver „moaba Tavi~.

Tavis mxriv, qmari kiTxvebs usvams meuRles amerikel asakovan da sakmaod brge mamakacze, turistul codnas rom amJRavnebs Cvens ubedur da bedkrul samSobloze _ xaWapuri, xinkali, ojaxi da a.S. da cdilobs gaigos, rogor cxovrobs misi meuRle im kacis gverdiT, visac Tanxa gadauxades fiqtiuri qorwinebisTvis.

gadarCenis gzebis ZiebaSi qalebma ufro gamoZebnes gamosavali _ sazRvargareT yvelaze saWiro saqmianoba moiZies da iqauri avadmyofebisa da moxucebis movliT ojaxebi ixsnes SimSilisagan. amerikuli gasamrjelo ojaxsac yofnida da maT amerikaSi cxovrebasac.

damoukidebeli saqarTvelos motanilma erT-erTma udidesma problemam _ totalurma umuSevrobam qveynis mosaxleobis didi nawili ucxoeTSi gafanta sarCos

problema imdenad nacnobia, rom fiqrob, ra unda iTqvas axali. magram xelovnebis nawarmoebs yovelTvis rCeba adamianis sulSi SesaRwevi naprali, saidanac moCans e.w. lamazi cxovrebis metamorfozebi. es ara marto amerikuli, qarTulic SeiZleba iyos. Zvelis moSlas da axali cxovrebis yaidasTan SeCvevas Znelia, ar Seewiros adamianTa urTierTobebi. gansxvavebul gruntSi gadarguli yvavilebiviT qalebsac gauWirdaT ojaxebidan Sors. istoriebi sxvadasxvagvaria, miuxedavad

კინოფორუმი

73

რეცენზია erTgvari tonalobisa; Tema gansxvavebulad waikiTxes qarTvelma kinoreJisorebma, magram yvelam _ tkiviliT da gansakuTrebuli danakargisa da efemeruli landebis monatrebis gancdiT. Znelia aseT viTarebaze zusti sityvebis morgeba. ucxo adamianebi, cxovrebis axali wesebi, sxva naxevarsfero, samSoblo da axloblebi ki Sors... mudmivad drois acdenaSi _ iq dRisiT rom Ramea, aq RamiT _ dRe... bunebrivad izRudeba kontaqtebi... yovelive did travmebsa da sulier stresebs iwvevs, adamianebi Taviseburad ganicdian am cvlilebebs. dito cincaZec samSoblodan wasuli adamiania, Tumca sruliad sxva mizeziT, is warmatebuli reJisoria, ojaxTan erTad germaniaSi cxovrobs da saqarTveloSi iseve muSaobs, rogorc sxva qveynebSi. filmi `ojaxic~ swored am Tavisufali moZraobis Sedegia. magram masac sxva monatreba da sxva nostalgia awuxebs albaT. Tumca, misi filmebis gmirebis bedi misTvis gasagebia aqac da iqac, igi kargad xedavs Tavis TanamemamuleTa gasaWirs. rac Seexeba msaxiobebs... ar SeiZleba ar iTqvas, rom qarTul kinosa da TeatrSi nino kasraZe namdvili ganZia Tavisi gasaocrad mravalferovani gamomsaxvelobiTi palitriT. misi gansakuTrebuloba, pirovnuli TviTmyofadobisa da gamorCeulobis niSnebi sruliad warmoudgeneli saxe-niSnebiT aRibeWdeba ekranze. rasac unda ganasaxierebdes, nino kasraZe yvelgan organuli da gamorCeulia sxvebisganac, metic, sakuTari kino Tu saTeatro rolebisganac ki.

Temo _ Teimuraz WiWinaZe, tipuri warmomadgenelia XXI saukunis xelmocaruli qmar-mamisa. qalaqeli biWi, romelic vera da ver dakacda. misi megobari qali ufro drois produqtia meZavis niSnebiT da isic xelmocarulobis msxverplia. megi kobalaZis megobari qalis funqcionaluri amplituda moZraobs vulgarizmidan, uxamsobidan saintereso personaJamde. TandaTanobiT qali saintereso funqcias

74

კინოფორუმი

iZens: is Temosa da ekas urTierTobis Semfasebelia, verdiqtis gamomtani, romelic TiTqosda yofiT saubars problemad aqcevs. yovelive es ki xdeba TiTqos SeumCnevlad, farulad, magram utyuari SedegiT. Cndeba reJisoris xeli, Semodis ganwyobileba, tkivili, sixaruli, fiqri... yoveli sityva gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa, miT ufro _ pauzebi. filmis bolo kadrebSi gvesmis endrius dedis Ronemixdili xma, romelic mReris melodias, didi xnis winaT CvenSic iseve popularuli rom iyo, rogorc iq. mas ecno saxeli, lili... `Hi-Lili, Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo…~ Cans, rom loginSi uRonod mwoliare xandazmuli adamiani, romlis sicocxlis dReebi daTvlilia, mainc inarCunebs Sinagani silamazis, romantikuli gancdis impulss; xedav da ar ici, vin vis ufro exmareba da vin vis ufro sWirdeba _ ekas amerikelebi Tu amerikel qalbatons materialur-yofiTi problemebiT aRsavse, magram sxvisi tkivilis gamgebi da TanagrZnobiT savse gulis eka. dito cincaZem mxolod ki ar mogviyva sevdian ambavs, aramed miagno am areul, aramwyobr cxovrebaSi Zlier guls. swored es guli aZlebinebs, akeTebinebs ekas im saqmes, rasac dRes qarTveli qalebi mZime WapaniviT ewevian ucxoeTSi sakuTari ojaxebis gadasarCenad, Svilebisa da mSoblebis, qmrebis uzrunvelsayofad; meore mxriv materialuri dovlaTiT savse amerikul ojaxebSi miusafar mdgomareobaSi myofi adamianebis sanugeSod. `ojaxi~ gadaRebulia sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis telefilmebis studiaSi. misi winapari telefilmebis studia, Semdeg ki kompania qarTuli telefilmi, ganTqmulia mokle metraJis filmebiT, romlebic imdenad daxvewili iyo saTqmeliTa da formiT, rom kritikosebi aqaur produqcias miniaturebad ganixilavdnen. dimitri cincaZis filmi agrZelebs tradicias ukve dRevandeli kinoesTetikis gaTvaliswinebiT _ gansakuTrebiT daxvewili, kameruli, Tbili da adamianuri ganwyobiT, rac SesaniSnavadaa morgebuli mxatvrul formas. is am gziT aRwevs yvela ojaxSi da rac mTavaria _ adamianebis sulSi.

რეცენზია

A Little Film With A Big Message Dito Tsintsadze's Film "The Family" ETER OKUJAVA

“The Family” is produced at the TV movie studio of the Public Broadcasting. Its predecessor “Telefilm Studio” later the company “Georgian TV Movie” famous for its shot films was so sophisticated with their topics and forms that the critics considered them as “short-short stories”.

Dito Tsintsadze’s film “The Family” depicts the story which is one individual segment of a topical subject-matter in modern Georgian lifestyle. A divided family, in most cases

the woman working abroad leaving her husband and child behind – the child with the grandmother; the husband is idle but ambitious at the same time and unfaithful. Everything conveyed in a simple scheme says a great deal in its way. However, there are also non-verbal conditions in the film bearing the main idea. These are the things, clothes scattered in the rooms, a neglected fishbowl… This is not a family. It used to be a family.

კინოფორუმი

75

ხსოვნა

ლეილა აბაშიძე mas legendaruls uwodebdnen, cnobil msaxiobebs, varskvlavebs adarebdnen... 1954 wels sabWoTa filmebis kvireulze amerikaSi presam aseTi sityvebi miuZRvna qarTvel msaxiobs: `axla ukve hyavs sabWoeTs Tavisi ekranis varskvlavi, Tavisi meri pikfordi~. magram leila qarTveli iyo suliT xorcamde, mayureblis nebiera igi mxolod niWis wyalobiT gaxda. didma qarTvelma kinoreJisorma rezo CxeiZem leila abaSiZes uwoda xasiaTiT da rwmeniT qarTveli xalxis namdvili gansaxiereba.

leila abaSiZe cxra wlidan ekranze iyo... pirveli roli, kato, konstantine pipinaSvilis filmSi `qajana~ dRemde ar kargavs xasiaTis momxibvlelobas. raoden gasaocaric unda iyos patara gogonas mier gansaxierebulma saxem dros gauZlo da dRes Tanamedroved ikiTxeba.

76

კინოფორუმი

ramdenime wlis Semdeg ukve _ iuta (`oqros biliki~, 1945), nazibrola (`poetis akvani~, 1947), qaliSvili yvavilebiT (`qeTo da kote~, 1948), patara, magram dasamaxsovrebeli rolebi iqmneba leilas mier. marine feraZis rolma filmSi `WriWina~ (1953) leila abaSiZes namdvili

gamarjveba moutana. Semdeg: cicino _ `Cveni ezo~ (1956); lela _ `isini Camovidnen mTidan~ (1954); lia _ `abezara~ (1956). rezo CxeiZis istoriul filmSi `maia wyneTeli~ (1959), sadac maias _ mTavar rols ganasaxierebs, igi ukve Semdgari msaxiobia da mis popularobas ar aqvs sazRvari.

ხსოვნა siko doliZis filmSi `Sexvedra warsulTan~ (1967) is dramatuli rolis ubadlo Semsruleblad mogvevlina. am rolisaTvis msaxiobi sakavSiro kinofestivalis laureati gaxda nominaciaSi premia samsaxiobo xelovnebisTvis.

leila abaShidZe

`molodinma~ (1969), romlis scenari leila abaSiZem kinodramaturg gigla xuxaSvilTan da reJisor konstantine pipinaSvilTan erTad dawera, mis SemoqmedebaSi dramatuli ferebi Semoitana. am filmisaTvis man karlovi varis kinofestivalis prizi daimsaxura. mayurebels uyvarda misi mzia (`sad aris Seni bedniereba, mzia?~ 1959), dagmara (`me vicekveb~, 1963 `azerbaijan-filmi~), ZiZia (`xevisberi goCa~, 1964), mzevinari – lali (`Sexvedra mTaSi~, 1966), vardisaxari (`didostatis marjvena~, 1969), lia (`namdvili Tbiliseli da sxvebi~, 1976) da a. S. lana RoRoberiZis filmSi `oromtriali~ leila abaSiZem mTavari roli ganasaxiera. misi gmiri, manana iaSvili, popularuli kinovarskvlavi, xalxis rCeuli, magram uiRblo da martosulia... manana iaSvilis saxes araerTi prototipi hyavda CvenSic da msoflio kinoSic. leila abaSiZe aqac gulwrfeli iyo da mayurebeli Tavisi gmiris Tanaziari gaxada. ...da mainc, ra edo safuZvlad im magiur urTierTobas, ris gamoc mis gamoCenas fexze mdgomi mayurebeli ovaciebiTa da yvavilebiT xvdeboda. maTTan pirispir mdgomi leila abaSiZe maTi siyvarulis pasuxad bednierebas da usazRvro siyvaruls asxivebda. am dros mayureblis winaSe ar idga saqarTvelosa da CeCen-inguSeTis saxalxo artisti, wiTeli droSis ordenosani, Rirsebis ordenis kavaleri, Tbilisis sapatio moqalaqe... es iyo umaRlesi klasis msaxiobi qali, romelsac aRiareben uxilavi da mouxelTebeli magnetizmis da misi niWis gamo.

2009 wels kinoTeatr `rusTavelis~ win misi saxelobis varskvlavi gaixsna. gaxsnis dRes mas mokrZalebiT uTqvams: `dRes me meored davibade. adre Tu gvian aRar viqnebi dedamiwaze, es varskvlavi ki, romelzedac Cemi saxeli da gvaria amotvifruli, samudamod icocxlebs. Tqven ar iciT es raoden didi pativia CemTvis. miT ufro, rom Cemi varskvlavi gaixsna genialuri qarTveli msaxiobis, nata vaCnaZis gverdiT.~ leila abaSiZe 2018 wlis 8 aprils aResrula, marTlmadidebel qristianTa upirvelesi dResaswaulis _ macxovaris brwyinvale aRdgomis dilas.

She was called legendary, compared to famous actresses, stars… – Mary Pickford among them.

In 1954, at the Soviet Film Show in America, the press described the Georgian actress with the following words: “Now the Soviet Union has its own film star, its own Mary Pickford”.

However, Leila being Georgian with all her heart and soul. Thanks to her talent, she became viewers’ favourite.

A great Georgian film director Rezo Chkheidze called Leila Abashidze the

real embodiment of Georgian people with her character and belief.

Leila Abashidze–the Georgian film star, had been on the screen since she was 9 years old. The roles performed by her always attracted viewers. She was admired and loved by people up to date.

Leila Abashidze passed away on April 8, 2018–in the morning of Easter, the resurrection of Jesus Christ -the primary holiday of Orthodox Christians.

კინოფორუმი

77

კინოაღლუმი

kanis kinofestivali kinematografis istoriaSi iTvleba yvelaze prestiJul kinoforumad da kinofestivalad. msoflio kinematografSi umaRles jildod iTvleba `oqros palmis rto~. festivalis farglebSi muSaobs Semdegi programebi: sakonkurso, arasakonkurso, gansakuTrebuli xedva, reJisorTa orkvireuli, kritikis kvireuli, kinoatelie. kinobazrobebze yovelwliurad warmodgenilia 700-mde filmi. kanis festivalze gamarjvebuli qarTuli filmebia: 1956 _ `magdanas lurja~ _ prizi saukeTeso moklemetraJiani

78

კინოფორუმი

mxatvruli filmisTvis (reJisorebi: Tengiz abulaZe, rezo CxeiZe); 1984 _ `Wiri~ (animacia) _ Jiuris prizi moklemetraJiani filmebis konkursSi (reJisori daviT TayaiSvili); 1987 _ `monanieba~ _ Jiuris specialuri didi prizi, kinokritikosTa saerTaSoriso asociaciis (FIPRESCI) prizi, ekumenuri Jiuris prizi (reJisori Tengiz abulaZe); 1987 _ `robinzoniada, anu Cemi ingliseli papa~ _ prizi `oqros kamera~ saukeTeso debiutisTvis, naCvenebi iyo konkursgareSe programiT `gansakuTrebuli xedva~ (reJisori nana jorjaZe).

კინოაღლუმი

keit blanSeti _ kanis 2018 wlis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis Jiuris Tavmjdomare Cate Blanchett President of the Jury of Cannes Film Festival 2018

oqros palmis rto „maRaziis qurdebi“, reJisori hirokaZu koreeda gran-pri „Savi ku-kluks-klaneli“, reJisori spaik li Jiuris prizi „kapernaumi“, reJisori nadin labaki saukeTeso reJisori „civi omi“, reJisori pavel pavlikovski saukeTeso scenari „bednieri, rogorc LAZZARO“, reJisori aliCe rorvaxeri da „sami saxe“, reJisorebi nader saievari, jafar panaxi

mamakacis saukeTeso roli „dogmeni“, msaxiobi marCelo fonte qalis saukeTeso roli „aika“, msaxiobi samal eslamova „oqros kamera“ da „kvir palma“ „qaliSvili“, reJisori lukas donti konkursidan „gansakuTrebuli xedva“ „oqros palmis rto“ moklemetraJul konkursSi „yvela es qmnileba“, reJisori Carlz uiliamsi „specialuri oqros palmis rto“ franguli da msoflio kinos klasikoss, 87 wlis kinoreJisors Jan-luk godars filmisaTvis `gamosaxiulebaTa wigni~

კინოფორუმი

79

რუბრიკა

masterklasi Tengiz abulaZisgan “sxvisi Svilebi~, 1958

MASTER CLASS FROM TENGIZ ABULADZE “OTHER PEOPLE’S CHILDREN”, 1958

Tengizi abulaZe (31. I. 1924, quTaisi, – 6. III. 1994, Tbilisi), kinoreJisori. saqarTvelos kinematografistTa SemoqmedebiTi kavSiris wevri. saqarTvelos xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe (1961), saqarTvelos (1967) da ssrk (1980) sax. artisti, daRestnis xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe (1972). evropis kinoakademiis wevri, avstriis saxviTi xelovnebis akademiis profesori. daamTavra sakavSiro kinematografiis saxelmwifo. institutis kinosareJisoro fakulteti, sergei iutkeviCis saxelosno (1953).

TENGIZI Abuladze (31. I. 1924, Kutaisi – 6. III. 1994, Tbilisi), a member of the Union of Georgian Filmakers, Honored Artist of Georgia (1961), People’s Artist of Georgia (1967) and the USSR (1980), Merited Artist of Dagestan (1972), member of the European Film Academy, professor of the Austrian Academy of Fine Arts. He studied theatre direction at the Shota Rustaveli State Theatre Institute (1943-46) but did not finish. In 1946 he moved to Moscow and studied filmmaking at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography, the studio of Sergei Yutkevich (1953).

gadaRebuli aqvs 6 dokumenturi da 7 mxatvruli filmi

80

კინოფორუმი

He made 6 documentaries and 7 fictions.

ჩანაფიქრიდან ფილმამდე

eskizebi da kadrebi filmidan “sxvisi Svilebi”, 1958 reJisori Tengiz abulaZe, operatori levan paataSvili mxatvrebi: givi gigauri, kaxi xuciSvili

Scenic sketches and shots from the film “Other People’s Children” (“Skhvisi Shvilebi”) 1958 Director Tengiz Abuladze, Cinematography by Levan Paatashvili, Designers: Givi Gigauri, Kakhi Khutsishvili.

კინოფორუმი

81

ჩანაფიქრიდან ფილმამდე რუბრიკა

82

კინოფორუმი

ჩანაფიქრიდან ფილმამდე რუბრიკა

კინოფორუმი

83

ჩანაფიქრიდან ფილმამდე რუბრიკა

84

კინოფორუმი

ჩანაფიქრიდან ფილმამდე რუბრიკა

კინოფორუმი

85

რეცენზია

გზა წარსულისკენ

უცნობი ლანდები ფილმში სხვისი სახლი� � ნათია კოპალეიშვილი

Cvens cxovrebaSi, samwuxarod, Cveul movlenad iqca Seuwynareblobisa da sayovelTao agresiis sxvadasxva formiT gamovlineba. amisaTvis Tanamedrove samyaroSi yvela saSualeba arsebobs _ socialuri qselebi, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisi xelSemwyobi pirobebiT, rogoric aris arastabiluroba da uamravi sxva faqtori. miT ufro sasiamovnoa, rom uaxlesi qarTuli kinos nimuSebSi sul ufro xSirad iCens Tavs humanurobis, sikeTisa da adamianuri tragediis Rrmad SegrZnebis, mZafrad danaxvis survili. gansakuTrebiT ikveTeba es bolo periodis qarTul filmebSi. rusudan glurjiZis mier 2016 wels gadaRebuli `sxvisi saxli“ amis erT-erTi magaliTia.

86

კინოფორუმი

qarTvelebisagan dacarielebul sofelSi, Tavisi ganumeorebeli xedebiTa da feradovnebiT mitovebul, Serisxul samoTxes rom mogvagonebs, bundovani warsulisa da albaT zogadi areulobidan gamorCenis momlodine personaJs (riJas rom eZaxian) Camohyavs afxazi warmomavlobis ojaxi _ mama astamuri, deda da ori Svili. saTavisod gamarTul molaparakebaSi kargad Cans riJas, _ e.w. araformaluri mebrZolis, _ survili, sakuTar samflobelod da sxvebis sajildao qvad aqcios aqauroba; daasaxlos sofeli yvelasgan mitovebuli, omSi dainteresebuli adamianebiT da rac SeiZleba meti sargebeli miiRos am procesidan. aseTive mitovebul saxlSi meore afxazi ojaxi Casaxlebula _ debi, ira (salome demuria), azida (ia suxitaSvili) da azidas Svili, nata. mitovebul, usaxsrod darCenil adamianebs

daukargavT adamianisTvis aucilebeli funqciebi, radgan aq aranairi pirobebi ar aris saimisod, rom iSromon da yofa moiwyon, Tumca, rogorc astamuris coli, slavi warmoSobis qali SeniSnavs mokrZalebiT, `mTavaria, yvela cocxalia“. ... da iwyeba konfliqti, mwvave konfliqti sakuTar TavTan, usamarTlo yofasTan, martoobis da ufunqciobis gancdasTan. filmis avtorma erT sivrceSi moaqcia adamianebi, romelTa arsebobasac aq, pirobiT kunZulze, araviTari momavali aRara aqvs da aqve unda daiwyos an tragikulad dasruldes kaTarzisis mZime, xandaxan auxsneli procesi Tavad am adamianebSi. rCeba STabeWdileba, TiTqos filmis gmiri qalebi ufro advilad umklavdebian yofis saSinelebas _ ubralod, duxWir cxovrebas ki ara, aramed sxva sivrceSi, ucxo garemo-

რეცენზია Si, gaugebar da mitovebul garemoSi samudamod darCenis perspeqtivas. ira winaaRmdegobrivi personaJia _ misive saqcieli, replikebi, uxeSad wamosrolili sityvebi, survili aafeTqos odesRac danaRmuli bilikebi Tu mindvrebi spobs masSi yovelive adamianurs. magram amave dros is daucveli, mitovebuli arsebaa, romelsac, miwis barvasa Tu daze zrunvaSi garTuls, xandaxan aviwydeba sakuTari arsebobis es tragedia. debi mtrebad ar mokidebian erTmaneTs, ubralod, sxva sivrceSi, sxvis saxlSi cxovreba zedapirze amoativtivebs yovelive negatiurs maTSi. igive xdeba astamuris ojaxSic _ ucxo saxlSi, ucxo nivTebis garemoSi moxvedrili mSvidi, Zalian tragikuli gmiri mxolod erT rames iTxovs: ar gamoiyenon araferi, rac sxvas ekuTvnoda... misi saxlic iseve daiwva omis dros, rogorc sxva saxlebi... am ambavs ufrosi vaJi _ 10 wlis luka yveba Zalze mSvidad, zRaprad monaTxrobi ambis msgavsad. aq, am tragikul adgilas, am adamianebSi ibadeba yvelaferi _ codvaca da sikeTec, dardic da sasowarkveTac. arcerT maTgans ar miuRia sikeTe omisgan. savaraudod, `ganmaTavisufleblebi“ maTi saxeliT spekulirebdnen, rac dRemde grZeldeba.

rusudan glurjiZe

ra unda oms sofelSi, bunebaSi, romlis erT-erTi orazrovani metafora _ Citebis didi gundi xan avismomaswaveblad, xan ki uzado, esTetikurad daxvewil zmanebad Cndeba astamuris, an sxva, sruliad ganadgurebuli personaJebis Tavze. mudmivad nislian, wvimian, avdrian sofelSi warRvniswina ganwyobis msgavsi grZnoba ibadeba, romelic izrdeba da vrceldeba yvelaferze, rasac ki vxedavT, rasac gmirebi exebian. da es yvelaferi _ TiTqos sveli miwa rom sunTqavs; TiTqos ia suxitaSvilis gmiri Jinis ZaxiliT sruliad SemTxveviT rom dawveba riJasTan dabali, buCqis msgavsi xeivnis siRrmeSi... es yvelaferi ganadgurebis, ngreviswina apokalifss waagavs. da mainc, es samyaro, sasowarkveTili da sxvis saxlSi ganTavsebuli patara ori samyaro TavganwirviT uxmobs mSvelels _ bnel, avdrian RameSi mozardi nata deidis Camo-

კინოფორუმი

87

რეცენზია

tanili ambis sapasuxod dakarguli da, savaraudod, SecdomiT mamamisad miCneuli adamianis saZebnelad garbis. dedamisi, fexmZime azida, aWedili da carieli soflis fonze, natas gamodevnebuli Caikargeba Ramis ukun sibneleSi. astamuric midis saxlidan, rodesac gaigebs, rom riJa mokles da gaurkveveli momavlis Sesagebeblad miemgzavreba naomar mxareSi... dabolos, ira, romeli personaJic gamoiyena filmis avtorma sasowarkveTilebis dros miRebuli ucnauri da ulogiko gadawyvetilebebis sailustraciod, danaRmuli gziT midis sxvebisken, maTken, vinc, savaraudod, am saxlebSi cxovrobda erT dros, an maTken, vinc aqamde mtris xatad iyo CarCenili mis mexsierebaSi... Tan gaurkvevlad iTvlis nabijebs, monakveTebs, xma sul

88

კინოფორუმი

ufro da ufro daxSulad ismis da bolos qreba. sxvisi saxli, sxvisi gza, sxvis mier danergili cxovrebis wesi da bavSvebiviT mitovebuli adamianebis tragedia... yovelive es SeiZleboda sruliad gansxvavebul garemoSi, ufro mZafrad daxatul konfliqtur adgilebSi eCvenebina avtors, Tumca man sxva gza airCia _ mSvidi da Tavis martosulobaSi tragikuli sofeli, romelic mTeli konfliqturi samyaros mikromodelia. ekranze Ramis bindSi CaZiruli debis sacxovrebeli saxlis farTo fasadi moCans saerTo xediT. ira qalaqidan ar dabrunebula. marto darCenili deda, Svili da SviliSvili wynarad saubroben. da uceb... natas mier SeTavazebuli, ganTavisuflebis surviliT anTebuli winadadeba _ `modi erTad viyviroT!“ _ zus-

tad pasuxobs kadrs, saxlis pirquS xeds, Caketil, gamouval wres... da ismis ganwiruli yvirili, TiTqos bavSvuri kivili, romelsac aravin gamoepasuxeba. ra dainaxa momavalSi sxvisi saxlis kibeze Camomjdarma, yvelasagan mitovebulma iram filmis finalSi? _ savaraudod, arc araferi... anda _ jojoxeTi, romelsac verasdros daaRwevs Tavs. imdenad mZafria miusafrobis es SegrZneba, TiTqos mTeli sofeli sunTqavdes da cocxlobdes mayureblis Tvalwin daWrili adamianiviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rusudan glurjiZis filmSi gamoiZebna is saerTo ena, romelsac ZaluZs sxvadasxva erovnebisa da socialuri kuTvnilebis adamianebTan miitanos sayovelTao martoobisa da Seuwynareblobis tragedia; daanaxos yve-

რეცენზია

las sxvis saxlSi, sxvis samyofelSi cxovrebis ganucdeli saSineleba, rac yvelasaTvis erTgvaria, iqneba es mteri Tu moyvare, mezobeli Tu Sorebeli, keTili Tu moSurne. filmma mravali festivali moiara da uamravi jildo daimsaxura. maT Sorisaa prizebic, romelTa profesiuli moTxovnebi Zalze maRalia: karlovi varis kinofestivalis mTavari prizi _ brolis globusi, presis saerTaSoriso akademiis jildo saukeTeso sadebiuto naSromisaTvis da sxv.

SeiZleba didi dro gavida omis tragediidan, magram Cven kvlav da kvlav unda SevaxsenoT erTmaneTs mTavari: ar arsebobs adgili, romelsac mexsierebas davukargavT, wavarTmevT warsuls da imeds _ ipovos gza Tavisive fesvebisaken. es filmi swored amgvari Sexsenebaa.

THE PATH TO THE PAST STRANGE GHOSTS IN THE FILM "THE HOUSE OF OTHERS" NATIA KOPALEISHVILI

In Georgian movies of the last period the willing to have a deep feeling and perception for humanness, kindness and human tragedy is not a rare occasion. One of the indicators of this tendency is “House of Others” directed by Rusudan Glurjidze in 2016.

The house of others, the path of others, the lifestyle determined by others and the human tragedy abandoned in a similar way as children… – all these might have been shown by the author

in the absolutely different circumstance, in more sharply depicted conflict situation. However, she chose the other way – a quiet and tragically lonely village which is the reflection of the whole world full of conflict. Long time has passed since the tragedy of the war but this film timely reminds the main thing to us: there is no place we might force to lose its memory, take away the past from it and not leave the hope to find the road to its own roots.

კინოფორუმი

89

რუბრიკა

ინდივიდუალიზმის გასაღები wardgineba: kinooperatorTa saerTaSoriso konkursis `oqros Tvalis~ orgzis gamarjvebuli (2009 da 2011 w.w.), rigi qarTuli mxatvruli da dokumenturi filmebis damdgmeli operatori giorgi SveliZe.

profesia kino Zalian axloa literaturasTan, musikasTan, mxatvrobasTan. is xSirad sazrdoobs da poulobs inspiraciebs am da xandaxan xelovnebis sxva dargebSic ki. kinooperatoris profesia gaCnda maSinve, roca adamianebma moifiqres fotoebis SeerTeba da moZrav gamosaxulebad gardaqmna. Cemi azriT, operatoroba yvelaze saintereso profesiaa gadasaReb moedanze. bevri ram daixvewa da Seicvala am wlebis ganmavlobaSi, Tumca mTavari mainc ucvlelia _ Cven isev ise vzrunavT ganaTebaze, kompoziciaze, kameris moZraobaze, ritmze. operatoris da saoperatoro gundis mTavari mizani aris ideis, literaturis swori vizualizacia. man unda uzrunvelyos sityvebis trasformireba kadrebad ise, rom darCes filmis organul, Semadgenel nawilad. Tu gardaqmnis procesi warmatebulia, maSin es mTavar miznamde gadadgmuli didi nabijia, Tumca sakmarisi namd-

90

კინოფორუმი

vilad araa. sabolood, films qmnis reJisori, is aris misi erTaderTi avtori. kino mravali adamianis Sromis Sedegia, romelsac reJisorma unda STahberos suli da gaacocxlos.

reJisorTan urTierToba pirveli da yvelaze mZafri STabeWdileba modis scenaris kiTxvis dros, am dros iwyebs Seni fantazia mZlavrad muSaobas, winadadebebi gadaiqceva moZrav kadrebad. scenari inspiraciis pirveli wyaroa, Semdeg modis urTierToba reJisorTan, saubrebi, kamaTi, referencia. aq mza formula ar arsebobs, yvela reJisori individualurad muSaobs, zogs Zalian mkafio xedva aqvs, zustad icis, rogori kadri unda iyos, sad daiwyos da sad damTavrdes, zogi ukeT erkveva teqnikur sakiTxebSi, zogi _ naklebad, zogs urCevnia Sen

პერსონა mogandos kadris awyoba da teqnikis SerCeva. albaT, rogorc operatorisTvis, ufro komfortulia, roca reJisors SeuZlia ideis an Tundac konkretuli mizanscenis kinoenaze gadayvana da meti konkretikiT gadmocema. Tumca, aranakleb sainteresoa, roca adgilze erTad miiReba gadawyvetilebebi. mTavari da idealuri ki is aris, rom reJisors zustad hqondes warmodgenili TviTon ra unda, iyos damajerebeli da hqondes sakuTari mkafio azri.

xeloba da xelovneba bevri SeiZleba visaubroT operatoris mniSvnelobaze, ramdenad kreatiuli da ZiriTadi poziciaa, rogor gadadis misi sulieri mdgomareoba kameraze, kameridan _ firze, firidan _ ekranze, ekranidan ki _ mayurebelze, Tumca, saboloo angariSiT, es profesiac aris xeloba, SeiZleba cota metad SemoqmedebiTi, Tumca Cveulebrivi xeloba. ar arsebobs calke aRebuli saoperatoro namuSevrebi, romlebic xelovnebad SeiZleba miviCnioT. Sen, ubralod, exmarebi reJisors, rom Seqmnas xelovneba, arc unda CamorCe da arc gauswro mas. Sen xar monawile didi jadoqrobisa da es roli rac SeiZleba kargad unda Seasrulo.

sxvadasxvanair wignebs, vuyurebT gansxvavebul filmebs, vmegobrobT da vurTierTobT gansxvavebul adamianebTan. yvelaferi es ki gansazRvravs individualizms. sadRac Rrmad daleqili istoriebi da nanaxi kadrebi gvamoqmedebs Cven gansxvavebulad. es mexsiereba ayalibebs Cvens Sinagan samyaros. Tumca, gemovneba SeiZleba xSirad Seicvalos da es arc ise cudia, _ Tu adamians aqvs unari ganviTardes, Secvalos Tavis TavSi raRac da sxvanairad Sexedos samyaros, es Zalianac kargia. swored am garemoebebis gamo yvela operators aqvs raRac Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli Strixebi. gqondes erTi, Seucvleli stili, Zalian uintereso iqneboda. miyvars, roca yvelaferi aris dagegmili da kargad mofiqrebuli, mirCevnia meti dro mqondes mosamzadebel periodSi, kargad movifiqro, Tu rogor gakeTdeba TiToeuli scena, bevrjer mivide gadaRebis adgilas da gavTvalo ra, sad, rodis iqneba. ase ufro komfortulad vgrZnob Tavs da mjera, rom swori muSaobac esaa. Tumca, imaSic davrwmundi, rom yvelafers ver gaTvli da arc unda gaTvalo. xandaxan ufro mniSvnelovania, rom yvelaferi Secvalo, uceb gadaakeTo an sulac iqve moifiqro. kinos magiurobac albaT eg aris, rac unda gaTvlili gqondes, Tu kidev raRac ara aqvs, kargi ar gamodis.

gamorCeuli namuSevari gemovneba nebismieri adamiani aris gansxvavebuli, individualizmi aris ganmsazRvreli yvelgan da yvelaferSi. Cven vibadebiT da vizrdebiT sxvadasxva garemoSi, Cvenze zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva adamiani, bavSvobaSi Cven vuyurebT gansxvavebul mzis Casvlebs, ganxvavebul cas, gansxvavebul cxovrebis dinamikas, vkiTxulobT

filmze muSaobisas gulwrfelad ggonia, rom is yvela danarCenze ukeTesi gamova da es albaT asec unda iyos. ar minda romelime suraTze muSaobis gamoyofa, radgan yvelgan iyo raRac gansakuTrebuli, sxvebisgan gansxvavebuli. zogan bevri xalxi muSaobda, zogan _ cota, zogze bevri teqnika gamoviyeneT, zogze _ Zalian cota, zogi dagegmili iyo, zogi _ naklebad, zogi ufro

კინოფორუმი

91

პერსონა

warmatebuli aRmoCnda, zogi _ naklebad, Tumca es procesi da urTierTobebi imdenad intensiuria, rom yvela tovebs raRac gansakuTrebul kvals Sens mexsierebaSi.

sakuTari stili muSaobis dros gxvdeba sxvadasxva scenari, sxvadasxva reJisori, sxvadasxva idea da Senc cdilob gansxvavebulad miudge maT. arcerTi operatori ar aRiarebs, rom aqvs raime erTi stili, Tumca namdvilad arsebobs detalebi, rac maTs xelweras erTmaneTisgan gamoarCevs. es bevr ramezea damokidebuli. Zalian kargia, rodesac miagneb imas, rac mxolod da mxolod Senia da sxvisas arafriT hgavs. xSirad xdeba ase: dgebi konkretuli amocanis winaSe da fiqrob, rogor gadawyvito? yvela amocanas Tavisi, mxolod misTvis mosargebi gasaRebi sWirdeba. individualizmis gasaRebic albaT swored es aris. rac Seexeba teqnikur codnas, esec uaRresad mniSvnelovania, miTumetes Cvens droSi, roca yoveldRe axali teqnika gamodis da iZulebuli xar swrafad gaiaro adaptacia da mudmivad ecnobodes siaxleebs. mniSvnelovania, sworad SearCio calkeuli proeqtisTvis is teqnika, romelic dagexmareba filmis stilis SeqmnaSi da ideis gamosaxulebad sworad tranformirebaSi. Tumca, ufro mniSvnelovani albaT mainc ideis sworad wakiTxvaa, reJisorTan saerTo enis gamonaxvaa, swori gundis SerCeva da maTTan urTierTobaa. films xom mainc adamianebi qmnian da ara teqnika.

maswavleblebi Teatralur institutSi Cemi pedagogi iyo araCveulebrivi adamiani, miSa mednikovi, Tumca vTvli, rom swavlis da studentobis periodi, samwuxarod, namd-

92

კინოფორუმი

vilad ar iyo srulyofili. mimaCnia, rom mec da Cemi Taobis bevri operatori aris TviTnaswavli, rac arc ise kargia. Cven ar gvaqvs miRebuli srulyofili profesiuli ganaTleba, Cven ar gvqonda Tanamedrove teqnika, ar gvqonda mudvivi praqtikebi, Zalian naklebad gvqonda wvdoma Tanamedrove tendenciebTan kinoSi da ara marto kinoSi. es yvelaferi ufro finansebis da im rTuli periodis brali iyo, romelSic vcxovrobdiT, Tumca mgonia, rom maSin iyo problemebi, rac axlac aqtualuria _ Tavisufleba, SemoqmedebiTi siTavxede, gansxvavebuloba, eqsperimentebi. mgonia, rom maSinac da axlac xeli ar ewyoba am Tvisebebis ganviTarebas. swavlis procesi ufro meqanikuria, vidre SemoqmedebiTi. Zalian mniSvnelovania kargi filmebis yureba. amiT yalibdeba gemovneba, miRebuli emociebi ileqeba da gaZlierebs, rogorc Semoqmeds, Tumca aranakleb mniSvnelovania, rom swavlisas waxalisdes ara is, Tu rogori warmatebiT axerxebs studenti vinmes mibaZvas, aramed dafasdes ganxvavebuloba da eqsperimentebi. im uRimRamo droSi mainc sul vcdilobdiT, rom sakurso da sadiplomo naSromebSi `gvemaimuna~ da `gvecelqa~, Tumca namdvilad gvaklda adamianebi, vinc amaze gaazrebulad da sistematurad gvesaubreboda. kargi is iyo, rom studentobisas bevri saintereso adamiani gavicani, romlebTanac axlac vmegobrob da vmuSaob.

dRes da axlo momavalSi zafxulSi miwevs or filmze muSaoba, orive Zalian saintereso da gansxvavebulia, axla aris yvelaze sasiamovno da intimuri, mosamzadebeli periodi, ivlisSi ki SevikribebiT bevri gansxvavebuli adamiani da SevecdebiT gavakeToT kargi kino.

PERSONALITY

THE KEY TO INDIVIDUALISM The author of an article is a winner of the International Festival of Cameramen Golden Eye (in 2009 and 2011) and cinematographer of over 10 Georgian feature and documentary films.

The author speaks about the following topics: profession, attitude towards the director, craft and art, an individual style, taste, teachers, today and the nearest future.

The essence of the article is the thesis: according to above mentioned, all cameramen have their own signature which is characteristic only to them. Otherwise, one unchanged style would have been boring. During working process we can meet different screenplays, different directors, different ideas and you try to take a different approach to them. It is happiness when you discover something which is only yours and does not have anything in common with anyone else’s. It happens frequently: you face the specific task and think how to deal with it, how to shoot it so that you make it valuable and not just an ordinary photographing. Every task needs only its proper key.

This seems to be the right key to the individualism.

კინოფორუმი

93

პერსონა

ეთერშია... კინოფილმი უეკრანოდ გალინა ხარებაშვილი pirveli reaqcia _ es rogor?! filmi ekranis gareSe?! es xom igivea, rac musika instrumentis gareSe, mxatvroba tilos gareSe. asea ki?! saqarTvelos radios eTers ager ukve wlebia warmatebiT avsebs lia ZiZiguris saavtoro gadacema _ `kinofilmi uekranod~. ase rom, fraza _ `guSin radioSi vnaxe filmi~ absurdad aRar eCveneba mas, vinc am gadacemas icnobs. xolo visac survili gauCndeba naxos filmi radioSi, SeuZlia `Causafrdes~ am radios SabaTs saRamos 10 saaTsa da 10 wuTze da mianiWos sakuTar Tavs esTetikuri siamovneba.

_ eTerSia `kinofilmi uekranod~ _ saqarTvelos radios 80-iani wlebis proeqti... _ iwyeba gadacema da yvelasaTvis ukve kargad nacnobi da sayvareli xmebi, frazebi, melodiebi qarTuli filmebidan gvabrunebs CvenTvis sayvarel droSi _ zogs axalgazrdul wlebSi, zogsac _ mTlad bavSvobaSi. modis mogonebebi, asociaciebi, cocxldeba miviwyebuli Tu naxevrad miviwyebuli suraTebi. iq, sadac gamosaxuleba aucilebelia, wamyvani saubrobs saxalisod, xatovnad, lakonurad... erTmaneTs cvlis kinokadrebi, dialogebi, saubrebi, musika, simRerebi. da sabolood gamodis, rom... vnaxeT filmi radioSi. proeqts saintereso `begraundi~ aqvs. jer gaCnda idea. rogor gaCnda is? _ ideebi xom sxvadasxvanairad Cndeba. zogs vaSli daecema TavSi da es msoflio mizidulobis kanons aRmoaCeninebs, zogsac... Tumc jobia Tavad proeqtis avtors qalbaton lia ZiZigurs movusminoT: _ erT dRes Sin, samzareuloSi vsaqmianobdi da Tan iqiT, oTaxSi CarTul televizors vusmendi, romelSic qarTuli filmi gadioda. Cemma Svilma SemamCnia, rom SigadaSig mecineboda da mkiTxa, raze icinio. films viyureb-meTqi, _ vupasuxe. aba, filmi sad ariso? _ uekranod vuyureb-meTqi da... ideac gaCnda.

Tavidan yvelas absurduli moeCvena Canafiqri. TviT kinoreJisorebmac eWviT Sexedes amgvar Tamam ganacxads. _ me ki Cemsas ar viSlidi. ise, unda vaRiaro, cota ki davbrkoldi. amdenma uarma SemaSina, magram Sinaganad mjeroda, rom gamovidoda. da gamovida. _ gamovida swored imis xelSewyobiT, visic yvelaze metad meSinoda _ radiomauwyeblobis maSindelma ufrosma, batonma petre SamaTavam gaiziara Cemi optimizmi _ mxari damiWira. da daiwyo gadacemaze muSaoba. sagangebod SeirCa pirveli filmi, romlisTvisac ekrani unda gamoecalaT da, Sei-

94

კინოფორუმი

Zleba asec iTqvas, axali sicocxle mieniWebinaT. ifiqra, rom rezo gabriaZis araCveulebrivi teqstobrivi masala amgvari SemTxvevisaTvis saukeTeso `Tanamoazre~ iqneboda da amis gaTvaliswinebiT arCevani `Serekilebze~ SeaCera.

1978 wlis oqtomberi. eTerSia gadacema _ `kinofilmi uekranod.~ ase daibada gadacema, romelsac, rogorc Semdgom aRmoCnda, didi dRe ewera _ Zalze sicocxlisunariani da reitinguli gamodgeboda, swrafad gaikvlevda gzas msmenelebamde da karga xniT daikavebda eTers. mere, wlebi rom gavida, sadRac, saukuneTa gasayarze SeCerda. 2010 wlidan ki kvlav aRadgines _ meore sicocxlis wlebi daewyo. ase gacocxlda sxvadasxva dros radios eTerSi mxatvruli filmebi: rezo CxeiZis `jariskacis mama,~ `nergebi,~ rezo esaZis `neilonis naZvis xe,~ oTar ioselianis `giorgobisTve,~ Tengiz abulaZis `monanieba,~ nodar managaZis `ambavi ivane kotoraSvilisa,~ goderZi Coxelis `samoTxis gvritebi~ da mravali sxva. warmoidgineT, ra iyo es usinaTloTaTvis. yofila SemTxveva, specialurad maTTvis, calke, originaluri versiac SeuqmniaT. droTa ganmavlobaSi proeqtis areali gafarTovda _ mxatvrulis garda, radioSi SesaZlebeli gaxda multiplikaciuri filmebis naxva Tu mosmena (`bati tasiko~, `me wvimad moval~, `sizmara~, `soflis maSeneblebi~. am multfilmis reJisori merab saraliZe xumrobda kidec, mgoni radiofilmi ukeTesi gamovidao), dokumenturebisac. msmenelma miiRo, magaliTad, lana RoRoberiZis `naRvliani sixarulis qronika~, merab kokoCaSvilis `ivane javaxiSvili,~ andro Wiaurelis `eqvTime,~ nana janeliZis `galobis raindebi~. magram rogor idgmeboda pirveli nabijebi... _ Zalian miyvarda Cemi saqme. uSualo kontaqti ar mqonia msmenelTan, _ Ria eTerSi ar vmuSaobdi, _ magram yovelTvis vgrZnobdi maTs yuradRebas da Tanadgomas; siyvarulsac, SeiZleba iTqvas...

პერსონა esec siyvarulis Tvisebaa _ upasuxod ar rCeba, roca namdvilia. adamians xom ukan ubrundeba mxolod is, rasac gaiRebs _ pozitiuric da negatiuric. diax. siyvaruls saswaulebis Cadenac SeuZlia, isic ki, filmi giCvenos uekranod. _ axla rom magondeba, TiToeul gadacemaze ra dro da energia ixarjeboda, Tavadve mikvirs, ram unda SegaZlebinos es?! _ ambobs qalbatoni lia. saqmis siyvaruli iseTi ramaa, imgvar muxts warmoSobs, rom nebismier sirTules dagaZlevinebs. Tu ara amgvari muxti da siyvaruli saqmisa, rogor unda gaataro saaTebi magaliTad, Wadrakis dafasTan?! (cnobilia, rogor uyvarda mixeil tals Tavisi saqme. kiTxvas _ moWadrake rom ar yofiliyaviT, ra saqmes gaakeTebdiTo, man daufiqreblad upasuxa, Wadrakis figurebs gamovTlidio); anda rogor unda idge cxovrebis udidesi nawili ZelTan, rogorc balerinebi _ dReSi minimum 8 saaTs xom muSaoben, an _ pianistebi roialTan da romeli erTi, visac xvdomia wilad bedniereba, raime faseuli da Rirebuli Seeqmna da SeeTavazebina adamianebisaTvis. swored es siyvaruli hqonda Tavisi saqmisa maSin axalgazrda da enTuziazmiT aRsavse lia ZiZigurs. TanamoazreebTan da TanamSromlebTan erTad, _ aseTive mobilizebulebi da motivirebulebi rom iyvnen: mzia JRenti, lali gegenava, manana xuroSvili, jemal pateiSvili da sxvebi, _ ras ar akeTebdnen, ra samuSaos ar asrulebdnen _ ramdeni gavlili kilometri diRmidan, kinostudia `qarTuli filmidan~ televiziamde da ukan, saidanac mohqondaT babinebi filmebis firebiT! saproeqtoSi (filmebis gasaSifrad), samontaJoebSi (dasamontaJeblad) gatarebuli ramdeni saaTi! (vin iTvlida samuSao da arasamuSao saaTebs?!), vizebisaTvis kabinetidan kabinetSi siaruli (xanac _ sirbili)! da es yvelaferi mxolod imisaTvis ara, rom dakisrebuli saqme SeesrulebinaT. ara. es ufro metia, vidre pasuxismgebloba, movaleobis grZnoba. es swored is siyvarulia, rac zemoT vaxsene; es is siyvarulia, maSinac rom hqonda da dResac aqvs lia ZiZigurs, rodesac gadacemaTa xuT cikls amzadebs (am asakSi! bodiSs ki vixdi, qalbatonebTan dakavSirebiT xom asaks ar axseneben). es gadacemebia, msmenelebis ara erTi da ori madloba rom daumsaxurebia. ase iyo. asea dResac. _ qalbatoni lias damsaxureba fasdaudebelia. man gaamdidra saqarTvelos televiziisa da radios cnobili `oqros fondi.~ mis gadacemebSi imden aqtualur Temaze imdeni cnobili adamianis saubaria Semonaxuli warsulze, awmyoze, momavalze... gava kidev dro da es yovelive gansakuTrebul fass SeiZens momavali TaobebisaTvis. calke saubris Temaa qarTuli kinos winaSe misi damsaxureba. misma gadacemebma didad Seuwyo xeli Cveni kinos popularizacias, kidev ufro gaaRviva siyvaruli sakuTari kinosadmi. garda amisa, Zlieri pozitiuri muxti msmenelzec gadadioda da karga xniT dadebiTs ganwyobas unarCunebda mas. Tavad lia ki, misi pirovneba, misi saqmisadmi damokidebuleba, profesionalizmi misabaZi unda iyos momavali Taobis profesionalebisaTvis. _ ambobs damsaxurebuli Jurnalisti, televiziisa da radios samauwyeblo enis mTavari redaqtori, profesori Tamaz tyemalaZe. lia ZiZiguris cxovrebaSi saqmes imxela adgili uWiravs, bunebrivad ifiqreb, rom is (saqme) sxva aRarafrisTvis utovebs adgils, rom am adamianis zurgic da frontic, ai, es aris: `eTerSia lia ZiZiguris saavtoro programa~... magram... aris kidev ufro meti, is, rac sicocxleze metia... _ batoni paata wiklauri marTlac rom araCveulebrivi eqimia. is pacientis calkeuli organoebis funqcionire-

bas ki ar ikvlevs mxolod, adamians ganixilavs, ase vTqvaT, erT mTlianobaSi da saocar Sedegebs aRwevs. axla rogori pirovnebaa, arc ki vici, romeli upiratesia _ batoni paata, eqimi Tu is, rogorc pirovneba. an rogori TanagrZnoba SeuZlia, rogori Tanadgoma, rogori yuradRebis gamoCena da ara mxolod pacientis mimarT. gadaWarbebuli ar mogeCvenoT Cemi sityvebi. me kidev yvelaferi ar miTqvams, piriqiT _ bevri davakeli. ubralod, mixaria, rom Cvens sazogadoebaSi kidev arseboben misi msgavsi adamianebi. _ es cnobili eqimis paata wiklauris pacientebis sityvebia. magram, ra kavSiri aqvs am yovelives lia ZiZigurTan? _ yvelaze pirdapiri: eqimi-Terapevti paata wiklauri misi vaJiSvilia. ukeTesi daxasiaTeba dedisaTvis ar arsebobs, vidre kargi Svilia. lamazad Svilis gamzrdels mxolod poetebi rodi umRerian, radgan saqme, ragind aRmatebuli da mniSvnelovani, dedobis movaleobasTan SedarebiT araferia, vinaidan RmerTi, Tuki man qali dedobis Rirsi gaxada, upirates movaleobad swored am misiis Sesrulebas usaxavs. qalbatoni lia pirnaTelia gamCenis winaSe _ is kargi Svilis deda, mSvenieri ojaxis Tavkacia. diax, Tavkaci. saqarTveloSi xom odiTgan maqsima _ qali aris qali, plus cota kaci _ yovelJam gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobi da aqtualuri iyo. qalbatoni lia Tavis ojaxSi namdvilad iyo qali, plus cota kaci, yovel SemTxvevaSi _ sanam paata dakacdeboda; misi ojaxi kidev erTi wevriT gamdidrda _ qalbaton lias SvilTaSvili SeeZina _ nikolozi. eWvi ar aris, sazogadoeba momavalSi kidev erTi Rirseuli wevriT gamdidrdeba _ jansaR Reros jansaRi ylortebi gamoaqvs. kidev erTi kvira gavida, erTi kvira kidev miiTvala maradisobam, kvlav movida SabaTi saRamo da Jurnalisti lia ZiZiguri kvlav esalmeba Tavis msmenels: eTerSia `kinofilmi uekranod~ _ saqarTvelos radios 80-iani wlebis proeqti...

THE FILM WITHOUT THE SCREEN IS...

ON THE AIR GALINA KHAREBASHVILI It has already been more than 30 years since author’s programme of LIA DZIDZIGURI “The Film Without The Screen” is on Georgian radio. Yes, the film without the screen.

There is no mistake. But how? – It works as follows: The programme starts and one can hear very familiar and favourite voices, phrases, melodies from Georgian films. Memories, associations have their way. Forgotten or partly forgotten images are revived. Where the visual is necessary, the presenter talks pleasantly, figuratively and succinctly… Then, in turns, it is followed by shots, dialogues, conversations, music, songs, etc. Finally, it seems that we have seen the film on radio, the film without the screen.

კინოფორუმი

95

ფესტივალის ადგილი – საქართველო

ჩაუღრმავდი რეალობას! aseTia wlevandeli slogani dokumenturi filmebis saerTaSoriso festivalisa, romelic erTaderTia samxreT kavkasiaSi da wels 60-ze meti filmi aCvena. pirveli xuTi festivali _ CinéDOC-Tbilisi 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 da 2017 wlebSi gaimarTa. wlevandel, meeqvse kinofestivals 3-8 maiss maspinZlobda Cveni dedaqalaqi. festivali miznad isaxavs dokumenturi kinos popularizacias. festivalis produseris, medea SariqaZis TqmiT, „warmodgenili filmebi ar aris informaciuli, BBC filmebis msgavsi, es aris saavtoro kino, art-hausi. filmebSi faseulia sinamdvilis avtoriseuli subieqturi xedva; iqmneba hibriduli filmebic, mxatvruldokumenturi. aseTia Tanamedrove tendenciebi. dRes msoflioSi saavtoro dokumenturi kinosadmi interesi mzardia.“

Jiuri festivalis mowveul stumarTagan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia: viland Speki _ reJisori, msaxiobi da programisti, berlinale panoramis seqciis mTavari kuratori 1993-dan 2017 wlamde; amJamad _ berlinale saerTaSoriso festivalis oficialuri programis mrCeveli.

96

კინოფორუმი

haruka hama _ 2001 wlidan iamagatas saerTaSoriso dokumenturi filmebis festivalis koordinatori da 2015 wlidan tokios ofisis direqtori.

Jiuris wevrebi iyvnen agreTve warmatebuli reJisorebi da prodiuserebi, mravali jildos mflobelebi, saerTaSoriso festivalebisa

(maT Soris IDFA, Nuremberg adamianTa uflebebis saerTaSoriso dokumenturi kinofestivalis, DOC Leipzig, Docudays UA adamianis uflebebis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalis) Tu programebis xelmZRvanelebi. eseni arian: andrea kuni, rehad desai, gediminas andriukaitisi, lena pasaneni, stefan tolci, roman bondarCuki, juli nederkorni.

ფესტივალის ადგილი – საქართველო CinéDOC-Tbilisi 2018 gamarjvebulebi

bebia, romelic biWebis erTaderTi marCenalia, yvelanairad cdilobs SviliSvilebs humanuroba Caunergos.“

saerTaSoriso sakonkurso seqciidan

FOCUS CAUCASUS sakonkurso seqciidan

filmi `zRvars miRma~ (poloneTi, germania, fineTi. reJisori marta prusi) _ Jiuris specialuri prizi. filmi axalgazrda aTletis olimpiuri TamaSebisTvis mosamzadebel process asaxavs da imavdroulad vxedavT mTavari gmiris sasowarkveTilebasa da tkivils im wnexis fonze, romelSic mas uwevs cxovreba. Jiuris sityviT, es aris „SesaniSnavad damontaJebuli filmi, amaRelvebeli portreti axalgazrda qalisa, romelic reJimis moTxovnebis fonze mainc axerxebs Rirsebis SenarCunebas.“ filmi `ZaRlebis Soreuli yefa~ (dania, SvedeTi, fineTi. reJisori simon lereng vilmonti) _ mTavari prizi (sponsori _ Current Time TV, 3000 aSS dolari). Jiuris azriT, „STambeWdavi kadrebiTa da saucxoo montaJiT gamorCeuli filmi aRmosavleT ukrainaSi, frontis xazze mcxovrebi ori patara biWis yoveldRiur cxovrebas asaxavs. qvemexebiT garSemortymuli sofeli TiTqmis carielia, iq darCenilni ki uZlurni arian moaxloebuli omis winaSe.

haruka hama

filmi `mziani Rame~ (germania, saqarTvelo. reJisorebi _ soso dumbaZe da lea hartlaubi) _ Jiuris specialuri prizi. Jiuri gamoarCevs filmis Txrobis unikalur maneras da SesaniSnav montaJs; „Cven taSs vukravT reJisorebs gambedaobisTvis _ farda axadon religiisa da Zalauflebis urTierTkavSirs.“ filmi `gamWvirvale samyaro~ (reJisori _ vaxtang kuncev-gabaSvili, sponsori _ Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagento, 3600 lari) _ mTavari prizi. festivali am filmiT gaixsna da imTaviTve favoritad moiazreboda. reJisorma filmi mamis xsovnas miuZRvna da igi mamisa da Svilis urTierTobaze mogviTxrobs. Jiuris sityviT, igi „afasebs reJisoris unars asaxos filmis mTavari gmiris piradi sivrce da mogviTxros misi interesebis Sesaxeb, amaRelvebeli da emociebiT savse filmi qmnis erTgvar universalur istorias, romelSic yvelas SeuZlia sakuTari cxovrebis elementebi dainaxos“.

CIVIL DOC sakonkurso seqciidan filmi `isev xvalindeli dRe~ (CineTi (reJisori _ fan iani) _ Jiuris specialuri prizi. Jiuris sityvebiT, mas „surs gamoarCios gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone xelovani qalis siRrmiseuli da saTuTi portreti. filmis mTavari gmiri win aRudga socialur normebs da, yvela winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, warmatebas miaRwia.“ filmi `qali tyveobaSi~ (ungreTi, germania. reJisori _ bernadet tuza-riteri; sponsori _ fondi Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo, 1200 aSS dolari) _ mTavari prizi. filmis wardginebaSi naTqvamia, rom „es aris filmi 52 wlis ungrel mariSze, romelic aTi welia emsaxureba erT ojaxs da dReSi oc saaTs anazRaurebis gareSe muSaobs. mariSi dReebs SiSsa da sakuTari cxovrebis dabrunebaze ocnebaSi atarebs. mas swored kamera exmareba gaacnobieros, rom marto ar aris. gadaRebebidan ori wlis Tavze is gambedaobas ikrebs da Tavis gegmas amxels: „me gaqcevas vapireb.“ filmi kvaldakval mihyveba mariSis gmirul mogzaurobas Tavisuflebisaken.“

viland Speki

კინოფორუმი

97

ფესტივალის ადგილი – საქართველო

`gamWvirvale samyari~

sxva gamarjvebuli filmebi CinéDOC-YOUNG gamarjvebuli gaxda `baSiri saocrebaTa qveyanaSi~ (niderlandebi; reJisorebi _ els durani da evelin vehofi). studenturi Jiuris jildo (1500 lari) ergo films `bobi jini~ (dania, SvedeTi; reJisori _ elvira lindi). qarTveli kinokritikosebis jildo (sponsori _ saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri, 3000

lari) miiRo filmma `hari harale, dedao, gadavjeq kurdRelzedao~ (ruseTi; reJisori _ leo gabriaZe). am filmisadmi mayureblis interesi gamorCeuli iyo. filmi rezo gabriaZeze mogviTxrobs misive Seqmnili naxatebis meSveobiT. esaa avtobiografiuli animaciuri dokumenturi filmi, romelic Seexeba adamianurobas, sikeTesa da mxneobas rTul periodSi, meore msoflio omis Semdeg.

gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia agreTve filmebi: `farajanovi. maradisobis bileTi~ (aSS; reJisori – hari tamraziani), romelic sergo farajanovis cxovrebaze mogviTxrobs da `tarzanis saTesle jirkvlebi~ (safrangeTi, rumineTi; reJisori _ aleqsandru solomoni), romelic afxazeTs ukavSirdeba. filmi mogviTxrobs sabWoTa kavSiris dros soxumSi dafuZnebul samedicino institutze, romelic TiTqos maimunisa da adamianis hibridis Seqmnas cdilobda. filmSi warumatebeli samecniero eqsperimentis Temas erTvis warumatebeli politikuri eqsperimentis Tema. festivalis farglebSi filmebis Cvenebebs mosdevda Sexvedrebi mowveul reJisorebTan. aseve gaimarTa masterklasebi da Ria sesiebi kinoprofesionalebisa da mowveuli stumrebis monawileobiT.

`qali tyveobaSi~

98

კინოფორუმი

ganxorcielda proeqti cocxali biblioTeka (asociacia droni da CinéDOC-Tbilisi). kinoTeatr `amiranis~ foieSi mayureblebma pirdapiri dialogiT „waikiTxes“ iseTi „cocxali wignebi“ (mowveuli cnobili adamianebis saxiT), rogorebicaa: vegani, aTeisti, sasuliero piri, qali mexanZre, mewarme, astronomi, mogzauri da sxvebi.

ფესტივალის ადგილი – საქართველო

`ZaRlebis Soreuli yefa~

festivalis farglebSi korneliu porumboius filmis `usasrulo fexburTi~ gmirma laurentium (romelic, filmis mixedviT, fexburTis axal wesebs igonebs) 6 maiss veris baRSi saintereso eqsperimenti moawyo. man fexburTis moyvarulebi Secvlili wesebiT aTamaSa. erTmaneTs CinéDOC-Tbilisis gundi da festivalis stumrebi daupirispirdnen. matCs festivalis ucvleli megobari tue miuleri msajobda. gamarjveba CineDOC-Tbilisis gunds xvda wilad.

Temebze. SerCeuli dokumenturi filmebis ideis avtorebs saSualeba hqondaT emuSavaT reJisorebTan da monawileoba mieRoT samdRian treningSi. fondSi Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo gaimarTa CivilPitch farglebSi Seqmnili proeqtebis prezentacia, sadac proeqtebi donor organizaciebsa da mowveul stumrebs warudgines.

CIVIL PITCH gamarjvebulebi mTavari prizi _ cisana xundaZe (kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centri _ CRRC) da qeTi maWavariani (reJisori) proeqtisaTvis _ mziuri (sponsori _ fondi Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo, 5000 aSS dolari). nana biCinaSvili (konfliqtebis marTvisa da mSvidobis mSeneblobis axalgazrduli centri) da lali kiknaveliZe (reJisori) proeqtisaT-

CinéDOC-Young farglebSi (koordinatori gigi janaSia) kinoTeatr `amiranSi~ filmebis Cvenebis Semdeg reJisorebTan diskusia gaimarTa. umcrosi asakis mayureblebma gadaiRes bevri gifi, iTamaSes sinegeimi (kinomoyvarulTa jgufuri saxaliso TamaSi) da miiRes kuTvnili serTifikatebi. festivalze (wels ukve mesamed) Catarda CivilPitch-is iniciativa, romelic samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebsa da sainiciativo jgufebs saSualebas aZlevs ipovon dainteresebuli reJisorebi Tu prodiuserebi da maTi daxmarebiT Seqmnan dokumenturi filmebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebisTvis aqtualur

კინოფორუმი

99

ფესტივალის ადგილი – საქართველო

vis _ bulingi skolaSi (sponsori _ Current Time TV, 1000 aSS dolari).

eTer arsaniZe, Tornike foladaSvili).

TaTia razmaZe (asociacia sazogadoebis keTildReobisTvis) da gvanca mefariSvili (reJisori) proeqtisaTvis _ saxli karis gareSe (sponsori _ Current Time TV, 1000 aSS dolari).

dajildovda kidev oTxi proeqti (TiToeulisTvis 700 lariT): CineDOC axal baRSi (nino Certkoeva, SoTiko kokauri, luka xabelaSvili, marita laRiZe, magamed toxosaSvili, ana barjaZe); sazafxulo dokumenturi kinofestivali (gvanca narimaniZe, nika davlianiZe); ucnobi sabWoTa kavSiri (neno qavTaraZe, onise xaCikiZe, sofiko ToqmajiSvili, Teimuraz inasariZe, TaTia TanaSvili); urTierTobebi sazRvrebis gareSe (TamTa SveliZe, vasiko jangibaSvili, daviT WikaiZe, ana baxtaZe, ana CxartiSvili, laSa arjevaniSvili).

TaTia mWedliSvili (organizacia axalgazrdebi mSvidobisa da TanasworobisTvis) da Tiko nadiraSvili (kinostudia `orni~) proeqtisaTvis _ auditoria 115 (sponsori _ fondi Ria sazogadoeba – saqarTvelo, 1.350 aSS dolari). festivalis dasrulebas mosdevs CinéDOC-turi mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, romlis farglebSic festivalze naCvenebi filmebis naxvas regionebSic SeZleben. wels turebi gaimarTeba somxeTsa da azerbaijanSic. gamovlindnen regionaluri koordinatorebis Pitching gamarjvebulebi saqarTvelos masStabiT kinoCvenebebis jgufuri proeqtebisTvis (sponsori _ Visegrad fondi). es proeqtebia: WiaTura _ maRaroelebis qalaqi (1000 evro; daviT xilaZe, mariam kapanaZe, levan Wanturia, lika gaxaria, naTia soyuraSvili, Tamar furcelaZe); raWa _ kino Ria cis qveS (1000 evro; Tea foladaSvili, naTia maisaSvili,

100

კინოფორუმი

Sakdoc Film jildo saukeTeso proeqtisaTvis montaJis etapze (sponsori _ saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri, 1000 lari) gadaeca Sorena TevzaZes proeqtisaTvis _ cixe-simagre. festivalis donorebi da partniorebi arian: evrokavSiris proeqti Creative Europe, IDFA Bertha Fund, fondi Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo, Movies That Matter Foundation, saqarTvelos kinematografiis erovnuli centri, saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis samin-

istro, Tbilisis meriis kulturuli RonisZiebebis centri, goeTes instituti da sxvebi (romelTa naxva SesaZlebelia festivalis vebgverdze). dabolos, zogadad, festivali ar aris mxolod kulturuli mniSvnelobis movlena. Noosfera Foundation gancxadebiT (damfuZneblebi _ arCil xeTaguri da ileana stankulesku), romelic awyobs saerTaSoriso dokumentur kinofestivals CineDOC-Tbilisi (direqtori _ arCil xeTaguri, koordinatori _ ileana stankulesku), festivali „cdilobs samxreT kavkasiaSi Seqmnas Zlieri regionaluri identoba, romelic eyrdnoba unikalur kinokulturas, saerTo istoriasa da kulturul Rirebulebebs.“ eka beriSvili, `kinoforumis~ korespondenti

THE PLACE OF THE FESTIVAL – GEORGIA

Zoom into Reality!

Competitive sections indicate the accents of the festival. Besides International Competition, here is Focus Caucasus (for regional films), CivilDoc (for films on human rights and social problems) and CinéDOC-Young (for children and young people).

This year side sections included the following: Short films, Erotic DOX, Special Screenings, Georgian Film, French Program, German DOX and Guest country – Romania (which is introduced annually by a distinguished country from the cinematographic point of view).

Within the festival the film screenings were followed by the meetings with invited film makers. Master classes and open sessionswith film professionals and invited guests were also conducted. In addition, various projects were carried out. For example, it is worth mentioning that Laurentiu, the character from Corneliu Porumboiu’s film Infinite Football (who invents the new rules ofthe football

game according to the film) arranged the football match between the teams of CinéDOC-Tbilisi and festival guests with changed rules.

CivilPitch initiative was held at the festival which enables civil society organizations and interest groups to find directors or producers and make documentary films with their help on actual topics of the civil society.

Winners of the CIVIL PITCH are the following projects: Bullying in Schools, House without Door, Sunny, and Auditorium 115.

The end of the festival is followed by CinéDOC – Tour throughout Georgia.

Within the tour the regions will be able to see the screened films of the festival. Tours will be arranged in Armenia and Azerbaijan too. Regional Coordinators Pitching Award winners were revealed for group projects in terms of Georgia. These projects are: Chiatura – the city of mineworkers and Racha – Open Air Cinema.

Majority of films presented at the festival is new (2017-2018). Film screening is premiered and it is possible to watch them only at the festival.

Donors and partners of the festival are European Union Project Creative Europe, IDFA Bertha Fund, Open Society Foundation – Georgia, Movies That Matter Foundation, Georgian National Film Center, etc.

And finally, it is obvious that the festival is not only the event of the cultural importance. According to the statement by Noosfera Foundation (founders: Archil Khetaguri and Ikeana Stanculescu), who organizes the International Documentary Film Festival CinéDOC-Tbilisi (Director – Archil Khetaguri, Coordinator – Ikeana Stanculescu) “tries to create strong regional identity based on the unique film culture, common history and cultural values”.

JUR. EKA BERISHVILI

კინოფორუმი

101

ქართული კინო საზღვარგარეთ britaneTis kinoinstitutis biuleteni, 1973 avtori keit lukasi: `firosmani~ weliwadis ara marto originaluri filmia, aramed, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris pirveli filmi, romelSic kinematografiuli saSualebebiT gamoxatulia mxatvris ferweruli ideebi. londonis festivalis biuleteni, 1973 braian baqsteri, kritikosi: yvelaze mniSvnelovani is aris, rom reJisorma da misma operatorma warmatebiT ganaxorcieles eqsperimenti: filmis feradovani speqtri da vizualuri manera mTlianad dafuZnebulia TviT mxatvris teqnikaze. `СОВЕТСКИЙ ЭКРАН~, 1974 avtori vera Sitova: es aris pirveli SemTxveva, roca mxatvris istoria da sulieri kompleqcia misive suraTebis mxatvrobis struqturidan zustad aris gadmotanili da ganviTarebuli. ... es filmi gamoxatavs gulistkivils imis gamo, rom Seusrulebeli rCeba yvela survili raimes gakeTebisa, raimes Secvlisa da mTavari is aris, rom dRes aseTi mxatvrebi gvexmarebian imis axsnaSi, Tu rani arian dRevandeli adamianebi.

მსოფლიო პრესა ქართულ კინოზე dRes xSirad ibeWdeba Tanamedrove qarTuli filmebis Sesaxeb ucxour presaSi gamoqveynebuli werilebi. `kinoforumi~ nomridan nomramde mkiTxvels SesTavazebs am masalebs. dRevandel nomerSi ki gadavwyviteT cota ukan gavixedoT da gavixsenoT 1969 wels 32 wlis giorgi Sengelaias mier gadaRebuli filmis, `firosmanis~ ucxouri presa _ cxadia, nawili da am formiT gavixsenoT qarTuli kinos gasuli saukunis 60-iani wlebis kinoxelovanTa saamayo Semoqmedeba. maSin film `firosmans~ dasavleTis presaSi momavlis saukeTeso filmic ki uwodes. aqve vTxovT yvela Taobis kinomoRvaweebs, mogvawodon maTi filmebis Sesaxeb arsebuli ucxouri presa da, Tu SesaZlebelia, eleqtronuli versiebi.

102

კინოფორუმი

... es aris mSvidi, naRvliani filmi, nisliani, Savi, Rrma, wiTeli da mwuxare TeTri tonebiT. es aris filmi xelovanis simartoveze, geniaze, yoveldRiur autanel siRaribeze, mware Tavisuflebaze da SimSiliT sikvdilze; kidev im adamianebze, romlebsac surdaT daxmarebodnen nikalas da amis SesaZlebloba ki ar gaaCndaT, kidev imaTze, visac SeeZloT da ar exmarebodnen. `THE TIMES~, londoni, 1974 devid robinsoni _ `mxatvroba saqarTveloSi~: `firosmani~ qarTuli kulturis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia ...firosmanis Cumi, magram dauokebeli xateba filmis bolomde iseTive misteriuli rCeba, rogoric misi genia, romelic Tavad misTvisac gaucnobierebeli darCa imdenad, rom igi Tanaxma iyo savaWroe-

ქართული კინო საზღვარგარეთ / GEORGIAN FILM ABROAD bis abrebi moexata, an Tavisi genialuri suraTebi meduqnisaTvis mieyida... ... saboloo sceniT Sengelaia, Zalian Rrmad dagvafiqrebs xelovanis rolze da mis mZime xvedrze.

da uaxlovdeba maradisobas, anu xelovnebas. aseTia maTi bolo filmic _ giorgi Sengelaias `firosmani~.

“THE GUARDIAN”, 1974, 26 ivlisi

sidneis festivalis biuleteni, 1974

derek malkolmi, `primitiuli saswauli~:

festivalis direqtori devid stratoni:

Sengelaias filmi misi talantis nayofia, odnav Semosili biografiis formiT. kinematografiisa da mxatvrobis es patara Sedevri vizualurad gansacvifrebelia da Tumca filmi wamoWrili sakiTxebis umetesobas upasuxod stovebs, rasac nawilobriv xels uwyobs Txrobis elifturi teqnika, SegrZnebaTa TvalsazrisiT igi dasrulebulia.

reJisorma giorgi Sengelaiam da scenaris avtorma erlom axvledianma detaluri biografiis nacvlad Seqmnes adamianis emociuri. dialogi dayvanilia minimumamde da mxatvris istoria gadmocemulia natifi vizualuri scenografiiT. ... `firosmanis~ SeqmniT Tanamedrove qarTvel xelovanTa jgufma Zalian lamazad moixada vali Tavisi didi Tanamemamulis winaSe. “THE CONTEMPORARY”, 19 ivlisi, 1974 (inglisi) pariz-pulmanis kinoTeatri rogorRac axerxebs, rom monopolia iqonios iseT filmebze, romelTac didi vizualuri silamaze da momajadoebeli Zala aqvs. es silamaze drois miRmaa

firosmani mogviTxrobs Semoqmedis agoniis Sesaxeb...

The World Press about the Georgian Film

Giorgi Shengelaia Nowadays we frequently encounter articles about Georgian films published abroad. These materials are available for us, too.

However, for the time being “Film Forum” decided to introduce the part of the foreign press release about the film of the last century “Pirosmani” directed by 32-year-old Giorgi Shengelaia in 1969. This is our way of reminding the reader about praiseworthy creation of the cine-art of the Georgian film in 60s.

“THE DAILY NEWS”, 18 noemberi, 1974 `firosmani~ reJisoris giorgi Sengelaias biografiuli nawarmoebia 20-iani wlebis qarTvel mxatvarze.

1974 wels Cikagos festivalze suraTi aRiarebuli iqna, rogorc momavlis saukeTeso filmi.

კინოფორუმი

103

რუბრიკა

ოთარ იოსელიანის "პასტორალი" – ირონია თუ წინასწარმეტყველება? მარინე სხირტლაძე „pastoralis“ ekranebze gamosvlidan 40 welze meti gavida. maSin, daaxloebiT, filmis mTavari gmiris, edukis asakis viyavi. filmis naxvis Semdeg sevdasTan erTad wuxilic dameufla... vnaxe iseTi ram, romlis magvari ar menaxa. mayurebelSi gamowveul amgvar emocias krZalavda e.w. socialisturi realizmi _ orientirebuli optimizmze; krZalavda im kiTxvebsa da molodins, romelic edukis TvalebSi Canda. partiuli ideologia, ase vTqvaT, sakuTar reJisuras ayalibebda, romliTac unda warmarTuliyo adamianuri cnobiereba. amitom iyo miuRebeli misTvis simarTle, rac maSin gansakuTrebul siTamamed miiCneoda.

Cvenda sabednierod, qarTul kinos ganviTarebis yvela etapze hyavda reJisorebi, romelTa Tavisufali azrovneba axerxebda am marwuxebidan Tavis daZvrenas. amis dasturia oTar ioselianis „pastorali“.

104

კინოფორუმი

ქართული კინოს წარსულიდან maSin ar vicodi, rom es filmi, romelmac berlinis saerTaSoriso kinofestivalze (1982), fipresis prizi daimsaxura, oTar ioselianis bolo namuSevari iqneboda sakuTar samSobloSi, Tanac _ mesame kategoriis filmad miCneuli. amis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT mis CanawerSi amovikiTxe: „gairkva, rom „pastoralis~ Semdeg kinematografSi Cemi adgili aRar iyo. „giorgobisTve“, „iyo SaSvi mgalobeli“, „pastorali“... es filmebi absoluturad sistemis gareT idga. gamomdinare iqidan, rom upiratesobas msubuq qarTul komediebs aniWebdnen, am filmebma moskovi Zalian gaaRiziana da miTxres, Tqven kinos aRar gadaiRebTo. maSin eduard SevardnaZes vTxove, rom ucxoeTSi muSaobis ufleba mainc moecaT. wavedi da gadaviRe „mTvaris favoritebi~ safrangeTSi. „pastoralis“ gadaRebebi 1974 wlis 2 oqtombridan iwyeba (scenaris avtorebi: rezo inaniSvili da otia ioseliani). gadasaRebi adgilia Tbilisi-soxumi, Tavdapirvelad films ewodeboda „zafxuli soflad“. im droisaTvis oTar ioseliani ukve cnobilia qarTul kinematografSi, rogorc paradoqsuli filmebis avtori: „Tavidanve paradoqsul filmebs viRebdi, rac moskovs Zalian aRizianebda. rasakvirvelia, saqarTvelos xelmZRvaneloba emorCileboda centralur mTavrobas...“ Sesabamisad, kritika gadaRebis procesSive daiwyo. 1975 wlis 4 noembers II SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianebisa da centraluri redaqciis Sekrebaze erT-erTma gamomsvlelma (gamomsvlelTa gvarebs ar vasaxeleb, vinaidan Cemi mizani viTarebis warmoCenaa da ara adamianTa mxileba _ m.s.) gadaRebuli masalis naxvis Semdeg ganacxada: „... imdenad damajerebladaa gadaRebuli yvelaferi, xalxi, faqtura, xandaxan gaviwydeba, rom ekrans uyureb. saxlis patronebis saxeebi, maTi cxovreba imdenad mkveTrad da zustadaa daxatuli, rom arasasiamovnoc kia maTi yureba... roca uyurebs kolmeurneTa cxovrebas aseT aspeqtSi, adamians uCndeba azri, rom kolmeurneoba friad arasasiamovno ramea. es saqarTvelosTvis aratipiuria... kinematografiis ssrk komitetis Tavmjdomaris f. ermaSis axal brZanebaSi weria, rom unda veridoT filmebSi Rreobebis Cvenebebs. aq ki erTi sufraa, magram rom Semokl-

des jobia. kargi iqneba amoviRoT is frazac, roca maspinZeli saxlSi nasvami modis da ambobs: „glexkacma unda dalios...“ 1 gamodis, rom filmSi yvelaferi damajereblad, mkveTrad da zustad asaxula, magram simarTlis ekranidan naxva arasasiamovno yofila da radgan filip ermaSis brZanebaSic ewera amisa da amis Cvenebas erideTo, sufris kadrebic Sesamoklebeli yofila, frazebic amosaRebi da Tu filmis msvlelobisas SevityobT, rom „cxeni dasaWedia, magram mWedeli sul mTvralia“, arc amis gaxmaureba ivargebs, radgan simTvralec aratipiuri yofila saqarTvelosTvis (?!).

1975 wlis 2-3 Tebervals masalis gasinjvis monawile gaxldaT ssrk saxkinos mTavari sascenaro-saredaqcio kolegiis Tematuri jgufis mTavari redaqtori m. marCukova. gamoiTqva mTeli rigi SeniSvnebi, kerZod, rom `masalaSi jer-jerobiT saTanadod ver aisaxa sakolmeurneo Sromis procesi, xolo glexkacis is ojaxi, romelic reJisoris daxasiaTebis erT-erTi mTavari obieqtia, scodavs metismeti karCaketilobiT, obivateluri interesebiT, meSCanobiT“. da saWirod miiCnies, rom `am ojaxis romelime wevri mainc sakolmeurneo cxovrebis aqtiuri

monawile iyos, rom reJisorma gadaiRos damatebiTi masala, sadac ufro farTod da mravalmxrivad iqneba warmodgenili kolmeurnis SromiTi, sazogadoebrivi saqmianoba“. 2 es SeniSvnebi Semdeg „qarTulma filmma“ miTiTebebis saxiT miiRo moskovidan.

1975 wlis 10 aprils, m. marCukovas xelmoweriT gamogzavnil werilSi (1/250) vkiTxulobT: „...В дальнейшей работе над фильмом авторам прежде всего следует обратить внимание на: 1. Создание позитивной атмосферы современной и колхозной деревни, ее труда. важно, чтобы зритель почувствовал, что за пределами замкнутого домашнего мирка с его повседневными заботами , в котором существуют родители юной героини, идет другая жизнь, с совсем иными мерилами ценностей . Когда в конце фильма девушка идет работать в колхоз, в этом должен быть виден сознательный поступок человека, выбравшего активную позицию жизни не только для себя и своего личного благополучия.

2. Как мы отметили на обсуждении, пока не ясна функция музыкантов, их позиция. Здесь тоже очень важно найти верное решение...” 3

კინოფორუმი

105

ქართული კინოს წარსულიდან kinostudia „qarTuli filmis“ mTavari sascenaro-saredaqcio kolegia periodulad awyobda gadaRebuli masalis ganxilvas da werilobiTi daskvnebiT aZlevda mas Sefasebas. daskvnebi g. marCukovasa da f. ermaSis SeniSvnebis analogiuria. kritika Seexo filmis yvela aspeqts _ mxatvrul-azrobriv koncefcias, tipaJebis SerCevas, sigrZe-siganes, monotonurobas, megrul enas. amonaridebi daskvnebidan: „kolegias miaCnia, rom gadaRebuli masala ascda scenaris mxatvrulazrobriv koncefcias... seriozul gadaazrebas moiTxovs soflis yofis kadrebi, rig SemTxvevaSi arasworad dasmuli aqcentebi. cudad SerCeuli tipaJi reJisors saSualebas ar aZlevs saTanado mxatvruli simarTliT asaxos Tanamedrove soflis yofa... filmi Zalian grZelia da dasawyisi da finali srulad ar erwymis mas... me vurCevdi oTars, erTgvari monot-

onuroba rom Seneldes, filmi daemoklebina. Tavi da bolo, absoluturad zedmetad mimaCnia... roca Cven films rusul enaze gadavitanT, maSin ra vuyoT megrul enas? rogori mxatvruli datvirTvac unda mivceT am qarTul-megruls, es aravis sWirdeba, arc ioselians da arc Cven... masalaSi naklebad igrZnoba Tanamedrove sakolmeurneo soflis pozitiuri atmosfero, didi da mCqefare cxovreba, romelic edukis ojaxis miRma midis da romelsac sxva zneobrivi kriteriumebi da idealebi aqvs...“ 4 oTar ioselianisaTvis miuRebeli iyo SekveTili mxatvruli Semoqmedeba. mis films gansazRvruli esTetika da problematika aqvs. „другая жизнь, с совсем иными мерилами ценностей“, Tanac Selamazebuli SinaarsiT, misi interesis sfero ar aris. „pastorali“ analizia mocemuli sazogadoebisa, romelsac mankieri Tvisebebi Separvia da ti-

piuria Tu aratipiuri es Tvisebebi, droulad unda yuradRebis miqceva. erT-erTi gamomsvleli gadaRebuli masalis ganxilvisas SeniSnavda: „filmi gadawyvetilia dokumenturi maneriT, magram aklia CemTvis mTavari ram _ siTbo“. 5 swored siTbos nakleboba da usiyvaruloba iyo is problema, romlis aqcentirebac TiToeuli kadris, TiToeuli frazis detalizaciiT reJisorma mkafiod dasva. kidev ramdenime amonaridi gamosvlebidan: „filmSi aris Cveulebrivi ojaxi. me maTi momxveWeloba ki ar mawuxebs, aramed maTi gulgriloba da reJisoris gulgriloba am xalxisadmi... „oTars axla dro sWirdeba, rom es yvelaferi wesrigSi moiyvanos, magram dro ar iTmens. igi axla studias ayenebs seriozuli dartymis winaSe. es gulgrilobaa oTarisa studiisadmi da aseTive gulgriloba aqvs mas Tavisive gmirebisadmi. me mimaCnia, rom es oTaris wina namuSevrebze bevrad susti filmi iqneba“. 6 gadaRebuli masalis Cveneba-ganxilvebs reJisori da scenaris avtoric eswrebodnen. maTi pasuxebi amxanagebis kritikisadmi maRalprofesionalizmisa da zomierebis naTeli magaliTia: „r. inaniSvili: `Cven roca scenars vwerdiT, gvindoda gveCvenebina, rom gogona, romelic Cveni momavlis simboloa, safrTxis winaSea. Tu ase icxovreben adamianebi, es mSvenieri gogonac SeiZleba maT daemsgavsos, rac samwuxaro iqneboda. mTeli filmis manZilze soflelebs vakvirdebodi da TvalSi meca erTi garemoeba _ isini naklebad iRimebian... rac Seexeba culis warTmevis scenas, am ambavs (rom glexebs, iq, sadac meqanizacia ar miudgeba, SeuZliaT TviTon mocelon balaxi!) oficialuri brZaneba dasWirda, romelic axlaxan damtkicda.~ oTar ioseliani: „me bodiSs movixdi yvelas winaSe, visTvisac ar mindoda meCvenebina es masala aseT mdgomareobaSi. unda giTxraT, rom aq gamosulma amxanagebma gamaoces, radgan, Cemi azriT, naxes sul sxva filmi (me aq gamoTqmuli azrebis mixedviT vmsjelob)... CemTvis filmi damTavrebulia, sigrZisa da ritmis mxrivac. axla minda davamTavro yvela samuSao da mere vekamaTo da vusmino gamomsvlelebs.

106

კინოფორუმი

FROM THE PAST OF GEORGIAN CINEMA რუბრიკა

axla, rac Seexeba Cem indeferentulobas: samwuxaroa, rom aseTi azri Seiqmna Cemze. nuTu dros uqmad vacdendi da arafers vakeTebdi? nuTu Tavs vzogavdi da Rameebs ar vaTenebdi? veravin damdebs brals imaSi, rom me cudi moqalaqe var da yvelaferi, rac SemiZlia gavakeTo, Cems respublikas ekuTvnis.

Cemi xalxisTvis me Tavs arasodros davzogav. rac Seexeba megruls, ratom ar SemiZlia gadaviRo filmi megrul dialeqtze, Tu naxevari filmebisa kaxur, gurul da imerul dialeqtebzea gakeTebuli. da saerTod, yvelafer amaze vilaparakoT maSin, roca filmi mTlianad dasruldeba (mxedvelobaSi maqvs musika, xmauri da saerTod, mTlianad gadawerili filmi). meti me araferi SemiZlia vTqva“. 7 avtoris ironia, romelic filmis Secvlili saTauriT gamoixata, aseve dauSvebeli aRmoCnda moskovisaTvis: „директору киностудии “Грузияфильм”, тов. Чхеидзе Р. Главная сценарная редакционная коллегия, рассмотрев просьбу киностудии “Грузия-фильм” о замене

названия фильма “лето в деревне” (режис. О. Иоселиани), считает, Что новое название -“Пастораль” неудачно ввиду своей непрокатности и не дает разрешения на изменение названия.

Otar Ioseliani's

Главный редактор Главной сценарной редакционной коллегии Д .К. Орлов“. 8

Irony or Prediction

Tumca, mainc moxerxda da 1976 wlis 9 seqtembers films ukve ewodeba orive saxeli „pastorali“ da „zafxuli soflad.“ 9 sabolood, filmi saqarTveloSi aCvenes. ruseTma is ar miiRo. 1 saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, lxg, fondi №52, a.5,s.230 2 lxg, fondi №52, a.5,s.230, gv. 89-90 3 lxg, fondi №52, a.5. s.230, gv.124-125 4 lxg, fondi №52, a.5,s.230, gv. 94-95. 1975 w.

2-3 Tebervali.

5 lxg. fondi №52, a.5. s.230, gv. 110-122.

6 lxg. fondi №52, a.5. s.230, gv. 110-122.

7 iqve.

8 lxg. fondi №52,a.5,s.230, gv.127. 18.11.1975 w.

9 iqve, gv.131.

"Pastorale" MARINE SKHIRTLADZE More than four decades have passed since the release of “Pastorale”. The film was shot at the time when the whole art was politically driven.

Otar Ioseliani is among those artists who did not recognize dictated creative work.

His films are characterized with certain aesthetics and topics.

“Pastorale” represents analysis of the given society bearing vicious properties.

The concept of artistic reflection, type casting, manner of shooting, absence of time sense has been widely criticized.

The director himself was blamed for the indifference and negligence towards his characters. After finishing the film it turned out that there was no room for Otar Ioseliani in the Soviet cinematography.

კინოფორუმი

107

რუბრიკა

qarTlos xotivari da operatori nikoloz suxiSvili

მაშინ, მეოცე საუკუნეში, ანუ

ბალღო, აი, ეს არის შენი სამშობლო! ქართული ტელეფილმები და კიდევ სხვა, რაც გამახსენდა რამაზ (ბუბა) ხოტივარი Cemi Zma qarTlosi mirekavs moskovSi 1968 wlis gazafxulze: „filmis gadaReba davamTavre da montaJs viwyeb. sxvisi ar vici da Cemi gadaRebuli masala me TviTon Zalianac momwons, visac vendobi _ imaTac. da, saerTod, droze Camodi TbilisSi, Cvenebsac uTxari ar wavidnen arsad sxvagan, saqarTvelos garda, samuSaod _ CvenTan kargi ambebi iwyeba!“

kargi ambebi is iyo, rom axali studia yalibdeboda _ saqarTvelos telefilmebis studia. ufro sworad, studia ukve daarsebuli iyo, filmebsac iRebdnen iq, oRond Cven ar gvegona, Tu SesaZlebeli iyo televiziaSi xarisxiani kinofilmis Seqmna.

Cven telefilmebisa maSin ara gagvegeboda ra. Tavs sufTa kinematografze vdebdiT da telefilmi kinofilmis cudi varianti gvegona. amitom telefilmebs zemodan vuyurebdiT da verc ki warmogvedgina, rom momavali telefilmebisa aseTi saintereso iqneboda da rom namdvil telefilmsa da namdvil kinofilms Soris aranairi gansxvaveba ar iqneboda, garda mwarmoebeli studiis dasaxelebisa. qarTlosi CvenebSi gulisxmobda ВГИK qarTvel studentebs. maT, vinc vamTavrebdiT kinoreJisuris fakultets da vdgebodiT didi problemis winaSe _ Cvens miRebaze kinostudia `qar-

108

კინოფორუმი

Tuli filmis~ direqcia sastik uarze idga. metic, 60-ian wlebSi Cveni kinostudiis direqtorma ВГИК xelmZRvanelobas werilic ki gaugzavna, qarTvelebi Tqvens institutSi aRar miiRoT, Cven isedac uamravi kinoreJisori gvyavs, samuSaos ver vaZlevT da axalgazrda kinoreJisorebis mozRvavebiT axali problemebi gveqmnebao. am binZuri qaRaldis gamo bevrma qarTvelma gadaifiqra kinoSi mosvla. samarTlianoba ki iTxovs imis Tqmas, rom ВГИК pedagogebi da xSirad reqtoratic TviTonve uvlidnen gverds am qaRalds. esmodaT, rom, Tu viRac Cinovnikis am uzneo moTxovnas daemorCilebodnen, amiT qarTuli kinos momavals mospobdnen.

– Что за кино без грузин? Это – поле без цветов, это – музыка без “Сулико”, это – футбол без тбилисского “Динамо...” _ ambobdnen Cveni rusi, ebraeli, germaneli pedagogebi da qarTveli Cinovnikebis jibrze mainc iRebdnen institutSi qarTvelebs. pedagogebad ki moRvaweobdnen msoflio kinos namdvili klasikosebi: eizenSteini, dovJenko, pudovkini, pirievi, romi, gerasimovi, karmeni, gordoni, Sirokovi, felonovi, baboCkini... es gamorCeuli adamianebi yovelgvar Cinovnikur miTiTebebs SeZlebisdagvarad ewinaaRmdegebodnen da saqmes maqsimalurad samarTlianad wyvetdnen.

Cemma pedagogma, kinos didma profesionalma ioseb gordonma erTx-

ქართული კინოს წარსულიდან el miTxra: „Когда ваш Сосо Чхаидзе вошёл в аудиторию, все ахнули. И не только потому, что очень был хорош собой. Мы увидели Личность. И нас, экзаменаторов, уже мало волновало, как он отвечал, ибо Личность – самая большая ценность в мире. Как такого не принять? arc Semcdara sikeTiTa da WkuiT savse es adamiani. mas xom yvelaferi esmoda _ jojoxeTi hqonda gamovlili. didi rene kleris montaJori ioseb gordoni 1937 wels ruseTSi Cavida sacolis parizSi wasayvanad, magram bolSevikebma wyvili daapatimres da gulagSi Casves... 17 wliT _ es iqneba Tqveni saqorwino mogzaurobao! miuxedavad gaTelili cxovrebisa, es kaci araTu gaborotda, piriqiT, TiTqos amaRlda da ganiwminda, RmerTis arseboba cixeSi vigrZeni, madloba Cems jalaTebso, _ ambobda xolme. yvelafers amqveynad bibliiT zomavda da Cvenc gvaCvevda umaRlesi zneobrivi kategoriebiT azrovnebas: „mieCvieT, momaval samsjavroze gagiadvildebaT codvili Tavis dacva! _ ityoda da TiTebs tuCebze miidebda, _ Cu, amaze bevrs nu iybedebT, vadaze adre aqaur sasamarTloze ar wagaTrioT aTeistebis kagebem!“ _ da idumalad gaiRimebda.

iyvnen amave dros _ saqme arasodes zaraldeboda. yoveli qarTveli, undoda Tu ara, Tavisi jgufis lideri xdeboda. mas ujerebda yvela, xSirad _ pedagogebic. axalmisulebs gza ukve gakvaluli gvqonda: Tu qarTveli xar, ese igi xar niWieri, wesieri, zrdilobiani da, saerTod, kargze kargi. ar vazviadeb. damijereT, aseTi avtoriteti hqondaT im dros Cems Tanamemamuleebs ruseTis (da ara mxolod ruseTis) kulturul wreebSi. es aZlierebda Cvens pasuxismgeblobasac: wesierad viqceodiT da gaormagebuli energiiTac vswavlobdiT... mixeil zoSCenkos moTxroba `serenada~ qarTlos xotivars skolidanve moswonda _ am ukrainelma zoSCenkom ra qarTuli ambavi dawerao! daviTisa da goliaTis Serkinebis problema qarTloss sul aRelvebda: ar moudriko Tavi Senze Zliers, ar daemono, kacad darCi, aitane yvelaferi _ tkivili, SimSili, usamarTloba... oRond kacad darCi, darCi pirovnebad! Znelia yvelafris atana, magram unda gaZlo. nu geSinia,

nurafris geSinia! Tu suli mtkice gaqvs da gesmis ra ginda, Sensas miaRwev _ iqnebi Tavisufali, veraferi wagaqcevs. es filmi Cvena varT. Cveni istoriaa, mTeli erisac da calkeuli individisac... es filmi Tu ar gadaviRe, kinos Tavs davanebeb! _ ambobda xolme. maxsovs, rogor mouyva Canafiqrs SoTa saluqvaZes. SoTa maSin televiziaSi muSaobda, mgoni, mTavar redaqtorad. SoTam, TviTon komunistebisgan natanjma, uvaJkacesma pirovnebam legendaruli warsuliT, aitaca es idea. maxsovs, rogor wamodga es marTlac goliaTi kaci, anTebuli TvalebiTa da moRerebuli muStebiT rogor gaiTamaSa scenebi, qarTlosi rom uyveboda. orivem momavali filmi Cems Tvalwin dadga. roca daamTavres da daRlilebi Caexutnen erTmaneTs (rogorc Semdeg filmis finalSi zozo da ramazi), gulamovardnilma SoTam qoSiniT Tqva, kaci ar viyo, es scenari CvenTan Tu ar davamtkicebinoo! qarTlosi moulodnelad Caqra.

aseTi xalxis TvaliT roca Sevxede Cems qveyanas, ufro davafase igi. ver warmoidgenT, ra pativs scemdnen qarTvelebs. xSirad uTqvamT CvenTvis Cumad, yurSi: „Грузия – островок духовности в этой страшной империи. Вы и ваше кино – исключение. Держитесь крепче, ребята, и как можно дольше“. es, cota ar iyos, gazviadebuli Sefaseba mTlianad qarTuli kulturisa da ufrosi Taobis kinematografistebis damsaxureba iyo: vasil amaSukeli, aleqsandre wuwunava, ivane perestiani, mixeil kalatoziSvili, nikoloz Sengelaia, kote miqaberiZe, mixeil Wiaureli, daviT rondeli, SoTa managaZe... omisSemdgomi Taoba: rezo CxeiZe, Tengiz abulaZe, eldar Sengelaia, giorgi Sengelaia, merab kokoCaSvili, oTar ioseliani... maT filmebs aCveneben studentebs dRemde, maTi filmebiT aswavlian kinoreJisoris profesias, miaCniaT etalonebad, romlebmac unda aRzardos Taobebi. pirveli kursidan mesmoda pedagogebisa da ufrosi studentebisgan, rogor raindulad iqceodnen qarTvelebi, rogor ar wuwunebdnen gasaWiris Jams, rogor SeeZloT purze da xaxvze sami dRe-Rame mxiarulad eqeifaT da rogori disciplinianebi

qarTlos xotivari, levan xotivari da giorgi SavguliZe

კინოფორუმი

109

ქართული კინოს წარსულიდან / FROM THE PAST OF GEORGIAN CINEMA didi brZolebis Semdeg Tavisi gaitana: piradad misi pasuxismgeblobiT qarTlos xotivars `serenadis~ gadaRebis ufleba misces.

qarTlos xotivari

_ ar gamova araferi, SoTa, _ uimedod Tqva man, _ migvixvdebian, risi Tqmac gvinda sinamdvileSi da ar miiReben scenars. mapatie, tyuilad dros gakargvi... _ Seni mikvirs, kaco! _ gaawyvetina uecrad bavSviviT gabrazebulma SoTam, _ razec films iReb, cxovrebaSi igive ar unda gaakeTo?! Tu gulSi yvelani CumCumad daviTi varT, bolosdabolos, SevebaT cenzuris goliaTs da davamarcxoT eg oxeri! oRond kargad SeviniRboT, viTom sul sxva rames vakeTebT! _ ise roxroxiT Tqva, ise iyo darwmunebuli Tavis simarTleSi, rom qarTloss uneblieT gaecina. _ ra romantikosi xar, SoTa, amaTTan Sebmas, rac unda SeiniRbo, azri ara aqvs. amas seriozulad veravin verc ki bedavs. simarTleSereuli filmis gakeTebas ki misi argakeTeba sjobs. Tumca... _ qarTlosma nerviulad daiwyo aqeT-iqiT siaruli. _ arc is SemiZlia filmi ar gadaviRo. Tu films Seqmna uweria, is unda iyos swored iseTi, rogorsac vxedav me da ara rame sxva. marTali xar, SoTa, vibrZoloT mainc. bolomde vibrZoloT, iqneb raimes mivaRwioT kidevac!

SoTam xeli moxvia da iseTive bavSvuri uSualobiT uTxra: _ ai, naxe, Tu ar gavimarjvebT, ai, naxe! xom vici, gulSi Senc ase fiqrob. da marTlac, Tumca didi xnis ganmavlobaSi sabWoTa cenzuras am scenaris gagonebac ar surda, SoTa saluqvaZem

110

კინოფორუმი

qarTlosma pirvelad verc ki daijera, imdenad ar moeloda, rom SoTa amas miaRwevda, magram Semdeg saocari enTuziazmiTa da TavdaviwyebiT daiwyo filmze muSaoba. `serenada~ gadaRebulia erTis amosunTqviT... qarTlosi yoveldRe gvirekavda moskovSi. maSin binas vqiraobdiT soso CxaiZe, me da Cveni megobari iuri Sileri (dRes is ukve didi reJisori, araCveulebrivi dokumenturi filmebis avtoria. ruseTis kinoakademiam es, jer kidev axalgazrda kaci, gamoacxada, rogorc Национальное достояние России. didi germanelis mogvare suliT xorcamde rusia; iseTi, rogoric sasurvelia iyos yvela rusi da, kargi iqneboda, zogi qarTvelic). qarTlosi gviyveboda filmis ambebs, kargi trio Sevkribeo _ lali xabaziSvili, zozo baqraZe da ramaz giorgobiani, operatorad iuri kikabiZe moviwvie, mxatvrad juna TuTberiZe, originaluri musika am films ar sWirdeba, unda mxolod kompilacia romansebidano. bolos ki, roca zozo da ramazi erTmaneTs silebs aRar gaawnaven _ `Glory Glory Hallelujah!~ _ amerikeli abolicionistebis simReram jon braunis ambebze mayurebels ieso qristes sityvebi unda gaaxsenoso. urTierTSerigebisa da Sendobis am motivis aranJirebas vaxo kuxianiZe, niWiT gapentili kaci, kargad gaakeTebso... samuSao gaxurdao... erTxelac dareka da yru xmiT miTxra, SoTa saluqvaZe gardaicvalao. infarqtiTo... meore dRes isev dareka da Tqva: „Tu filmis damTavreba meRirsa, SoTas xsovnas mivuZRvni, oRond, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu filmi kargi gamova, SoTas cuds verafers vakadreb“. SoTam ki masalis xeirianad naxvac ver moaswroo... `serenadis~ jer daumontaJebeli masala ukve rezo CxeiZem naxa, telefilmebis axalma samxatvro xelmZRvanelma. moiwona, qarTloss miuloca da uTxra: „am filmis gakeTebas aq da mxolod aq, telefilmebSi, Tu SeZlebdi, isic cxonebuli SoTas TavgamodebiT. kinostudia `qarTul filmSi~ am Sens scenars dasamtkiceblad arc ki ganixilavdnen da arc Sen migiwvevdnen filmebis gadasaRebad. ase fiqroben egeni Cveni kinos momavalze...~

By then, in the 20th century i.e. this is your country, baby!

Georgian TV films and something else that I have remembered BUBA KHOTIVARI Kartlos Khotivari liked Mikhail Zoscheko’s story “Serenade” since his school years as he found theclose ties between Georgian and Ukrainian narratives. Do not bow down to someone who is morepowerful, do not obey, be a man, bear everything, maintain personality! It is difficult but if your spirit is firm and if you know what you want, you will reach your goal, you will be free, nothing can knock you down. In this film we see ourselves, our history – both national and individual – he used to say.

However, he did not hope that one day he would have had to shoot a film on this topic. He thought that their intention would have been revealed and the screenplay would have been rejected. However, it happened so that the director fulfilled his wish and Georgian cinema was enriched with one more exciting film. The director’s brother Buba Khotivari remembers interesting peripetias of the film shooting.

სიახლეები / NEWS

საქართველოს კინოაკადემია The Georgian Film Academy kinos saxlis mcire kinodarbazi rekonstruqciis Semdeg aRiWurva axali, Tanamedrove aparaturiT, rac gulisxmobs kinosaproeqcios, ekrans, 5.1 DOLBY surround audio sistemas, sakonferencio audio sistemas.

After the reconstruction, the Small Hall of the Cinema House was equipped with new, modern equipment which includes film project, screen 5.1 DOLBY surround audio system, and conference audio system.

darbazSi mTlianad ganaxlda _ skamebi 92 mayurebelze. iataki, kedlebi, scena, damontaJda specialuri akustikuri masala, axali ganaTeba da Seicvala gaTbobisa da kondencirebis sistema.

In the hall chairs for 92 viewers, the floor, walls and the scene were renewed; special acoustic materials and new lighting were installed; heating and conditioning systems were renovated.

2018 wlis gazafxulze daiwyo kinosaxlis didi kinodarbazis ganaxleba-rekonstruqcia. ufro meti ix. _ `kinoforumis~ Semdeg nomerSi.

The renovation and reconstruction of the Grand Hall of the Cinema House began In spring 2018. More details will be available in the following issue of the “Kinoporumi” (Film Forum).

2018 wlis 19 maiss gaimarTa kinoakademiis yriloba, romelmac saqarTvelos kinoakademiis prezidentad airCia kinoreJisori zaza uruSaZe.

On May 19, 2018 the assembly of the Film Academy was convened where the film director Zaza Urushadze was elected as the president of the Georgian Film Academy.

`kinoforumis~ Semdegi nomeri gamova saaxalwlod, 2018 wlis dekembris meore naxevarSi. JurnalSi ixilavT werilebs eldar Sengelaias, rezo esaZis, aleqsandre rexviaSvilis Semoqmedebis, karlovi-varis da veneciis saerTasoriso kinofestivalebis Sesaxeb da sxva statiebs.

Georgian Film Academy has started to issue the “Film Forum” (Kinoporumi). Next issue will be published in December, 2018.

In the journal you can see articles on the creative works of Eldar Shengelaia, Rezo Esadze, Alexandre Rekhviashvili, Karlovy Vary and Venice International Film Festivals, etc.

კინოფორუმი

111

ავტორები lela oCiauri kinomcodne. kulturis Jurnalisti. kinosa da Teatris mkvlevari. xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori profesori. kinos Teoriisa da kritikis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli. bakalavriatis, samagistro da sadoqtoro programebis xelmZRvaneli. samecniero naSromebis, wignebis, publikaciebis avtori da redaqtori. maia levaniZe kinomcodne, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, asocirebuli profesori; 1991-2014 w.w. muSaobda saqarTvelos rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos universitetis samecniero-kvleviT centrSi mecnier-TanamSromlad; 2003-2006 w.w. iyo amave universitetis kino-tele fakultetis dekani; 1993 wlidan dRemde aswavlis amave universitetSi; manana lekboraSvili kinomcodne, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori. daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino institutis samkurnalo fakulteti 1983 wels; moskovis saxelmwifo kinematografiis institutis kinomcodneobis fakulteti 1993 wels. 1987-1993ww. kinostudia `qarTuli filmi~, reJisoris asistenti; 1993 wlidan SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universiteti, kinokabinetis gamge, kinos samecniero seqtoris ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli, wamyvani mecnier-TanamSromeli, asocirebuli profesori; levan berZeniSvili filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori. ilias saxelobis universitetis sruli profesori, saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis profesori da kavkasiis universitetis asocirebuli profesori.

1978-95 wlebSi muSaobda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, kiTxulobda leqciebs antikuri literaturis istoriaSi. 1996 wlidan muSaobs arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. iyo „samoqalaqo sazogadoebis institutis“ direqtori (1996-97).

2009-2011 wels muSaobda amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, kiTxulobda leqciebs amherstis, mount holiokis, stenfordisa da kolumbiis universitetebSi. giorgi SveliZe 2003 wels daamTavra Tbilisis rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos universiteti. gadaRebuli aqvs filmebi: `sami saxli~, `rac yvelaze Zalian giyvars~, `uSenod mgoni movkvdebi~, `mesaaTe~, `dabadebulebi saqarTveloSi~, `mariliviT TeTri~, `cxra mTas iqiT~, `aRsareba~, `name~. aris kinooperatorTa saerTaSoriso konkursis _ `oqros Tvalis~ orgzis gamarjvebuli (2009 da 2011 w.w.).

112

კინოფორუმი

naTia kopaleiSvili kinomcodne, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, asistent-profesori. 1994-2004 w.w. iyo saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobis `me-2 arxis“ saeTero badis pasuxismgebeli redaqtori; gadacemebis avtori da reJisori. Semdeg iyo telekompania `mecxre arxis“ programirebis direqtori, sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris ufrosi. 2004 wlidan dRemde samauwyeblo kompania `rusTavi 2~ programirebis menejeria, paralelurad aris saqarTvelos rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis asistent-profesori. qeTevan trapaiZe xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, saqarTvelos rusTavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori, akademiuri sabWos wevri, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis saganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis specialisti; kiTxulobs saleqcio kurss kinos istoriasa da TeoriaSi, aseve qarTuli kinos istoriaSi. 2017 wlidan dRemde, ganaxorciela 20-mde saganmanaTleblo proeqti, maT Soris, animaciisa da mxatvruli kinos Temaze. daviT buxrikiZe Jurnalisti, kritikosi, publicisti. daamTavra Tbilisis, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifi universitetis filosofia-fsiqologiis fakulteti. aseve sazogadoebrivi mecnierebisa da xelovnebaTmcodneobis meoradi fakulteti (kinomcodneobis specialobiT). 90-iani wlebidan muSaobs qarTul presaSi da aSuqebs kulturis umniSvnelovanes movlenebs. eTer okujava kinomcodne, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori. kinokavSiris da Semdgom kinoakademiis wevri. 1973-dan dRemde. iyo saqarTvelos rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo Teatrisa da kinos universitetis kinos istoriisa da Teoriis samecniero kvleviTi centris mTavari mecnier-TanamSromeli, samecniero kvleviTi centris xelZRvaneli da sruli profesori 1994 _ qarTuli kinos akademiis damfuZnebeli rezo CxeiZesa da olRa TabukaSvilTan erTad, 2004 _ kulturuli iniciativebis fondis damfuZnebeli da prezidenti. avtoria 50-ze meti statiisa da oTxi wignisa. galina xarebaSvili Jurnalisti, sxvadasxva dros muSaobda gazeT `komunistis~, `respublikis~, `saqarTvelos respublikis~, `samSoblo fortes~ redaqciebSi (saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba _ publicistika); 1994_2004 w.w. muSaobda telekompania `I arxze~ saparlamento korespondentad (saavtoro programebi: `parlamentis saaTi~, `versia~, `meoTxedi~, `musikaluri sesia~). presasa da televiziaSi gamoqveynebuli aqtualuri masalebi-

saTvis 1995 w. miRebuli aqvs saqarTvelos JurnalistTa federaciis jildo _ respublikis saukuTeso Jurnalistis wodeba. 2004 wlidan aris gamomcemloba `xarebas~ damfuZnebeli. eka beriSvili filologi, mTargmneli. aqvs samecniero publikaciebi enaSi, TanamSromlobs sxvadasxva redaqciebTan, Targmnis rusuli da inglisuri enebidan. sxvadasxva dros, paralelurad, muSaobda Jurnalistad kulturisa da socialur sakiTxebze samuSao gamocdileba: Tbilisis samedicino institutis leqtori qarTul enasa da literaturaSi; saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis enis, literaturisa da xelovnebis ganyofilebis laboranti; gazeT „samSoblo fortesa“ da „moqalaqis“ korespondenti; gamomcemlobebis: „diogene,“ „agora,“ „alilo“ avtori, redaqtori da Tanam-Sromeli. marine sxirtlaZe Jurnalisti, xelovnebaTmcodne. 1985 wlidan muSaobs saqarTvelos erovnul arqivSi wamyvani mecnier-Tanam-Sromlis, xolo 2010 wlidan dRemde _ literaturisa da xelovnebis ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelis Tanamdebobaze. 1982 wlidan ibeWdeba respublikis periodul presasa da samecniero gamocemebSi; monawileobs tele-radio proeqtebSi: „istoria epizodebSi“, „aqcentebi istoriaSi“, „qalebis narativi“ da sxv. ramaz (buba) xotivari reJisori. saqarTvelos kinematografistTa kavSiris wevri (1974). swavlobda Tbilisis SoTa rusTavelis sax. saxelmw.

Teatralur institutSi Teatrmcodneobis fakultetze (1965_66). daamTavra sakavSiro kinematografiis saxelmw. institutis kinosareJisoro fakulteti (roman karmenis saxelosno, 1971). iyo kinostudia `qarTuli filmis~ (1965) da saqarTvelos telefilmebis studiis (1968_74) reJisori, kinostudia `qarTuli filmis~ meoTxe gaerTianebis samxatvro xelmZRvaneli (1986_91); qarTul-inglisuri firmis `mTvaris globusis~ gamgeobis wevri (1988_92); kinostudia `adam da evas~ direqtori da prodiuseri, kulturis centris `adam da eva-92~-is direqtori (1992_99); studia `mematianes~ direqtori (2004_06). x. eweva pedagogiur moRvaweobas SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos universitetSi (1974-dan) da Tbilisis saxelmw. universitetSi.