Pine Creek, 65 pineapple express, 93 pines, 138 pingos, 99 plagioclase, 71 Planera (water elm), 65 plate tectonics, 61, 84 Pogue, Kevin, 197 pollution, 151, 154, 162 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), 132 decimation of, 11 description of, 133 forest associations, 131 grass-tree mosaic and, 177 old growth, 119, 123–124 presence of, 131 Potomas Creek, 46 Powder River volcanics, 64, 78–81, 78 Powell, Dave, 198 pre-Cenozoic geology, 60–63 precipitation, 42–45, 42, 43m prescribed burns, 160 prisons, 151 public lands, 13, 122, 161 pyroclastics, 72, 78, 80 pyroxene, 71
Q
quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), 131, 133
R
rafting, 46 rain shadow, 42 rainbow, iv Rainbow Lake, 50, 51 rain-on-snow event, 92–93, 95, 117, 151, 162 Raisz, Erwin, 84 rappelling, 75 recreation camping, 42 climbing, 48, 75, 78
fishing, 46 kayaking, 45 rafting, 46 rappelling, 75 value of, 37 red alder (Alnus rubra), 129, 129 red columbine, 114 red-tailed hawk, 150 reservoirs, 50–51, 90. see also dams Rhea Creek, 46 rhizomorphs, 14 rhyolite, 69 riparian vegetation, 129–130 riprap, 96 river otter (Lontra canadensis), 166 road and trail stability, 13 Roberts, Katrina, 23, 57, 198 rock climbing, 75, 78 Rock Creek, 46 The Rockwall, 79, 80, 96 Rodgers, Bill, 19, 199 Russell Creek, 41, 51, 111, 184
S
Saddle Mountains Basalt, 71 sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), 131 salmon, 155, 157, 173 San Juan River, 109 Sand Spring Butte, 28 sandstone, 65 sawmills, 160 School fire, 145, 146 Scroggins, Duane, 19, 199 sea level rise, 155, 155 sedimentary rocks, 72 Service Creek, 28, 46 serviceberry, 57 Seven Devils Mountains, 27 Sheep Creek, 44, 126 Sheep Creek Falls, 20, 47, 140 Siberian Traps, 69 siliceous cobbles, 72 silt, 52
silver pine. see ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) Sitka alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata), 129 Skookum Creek, 46 slickenlines, 84 slide alder (Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata), 129 slopes direction of, 10 failures, 93–94, 95 slumping, 103 Smith Hollow, 86 snags, 126 Snake River, 30, 51, 88 snow, 43, 174, 181, 208 measurements of, 42 snowpack, 13, 26 Snow, Donald, 200 snowshoe hare, 165 soils, 52–55, 85, 127 solar panels, 156 sole source aquifer, 158 solifluction, 102 sorted stripes. see stone stripes South Coppei Falls, 47, 48, 49 South Fork of the Walla Walla River, 171, 177 sponge effect, 11, 26 Spray, City of, 24, 31 spring, 154 Spring Lake, 51 Spring Mountain, 78 springs, 12 spruce, 116 Starkey, 30 state highways. see highways Stateline earthquake, 84 Steens Mountain, 27, 69 Stegner, Wallace, 151, 169, 174 sticky geranium, 115 stone stripes, 100–101, 104 Strawberry Mountains, 27
subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), 131, 139 sulfur buckwheat, 115 sulphur lupine, 180 sunset, 193 surface water, 44. see also water
T
Table Rock, 54 Table Rock Lookout, 178 tanager, 134 temperature, 42 Tenderfoot Basin Allotment, 161 terracettes, 100–106 terranes, 60m, 61–63, 62 Tertiary rocks, 67 thermokarst, 99 thinleaf alder (Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia), 129, 129 Thirtymile Creek, 46 Thompson Falls, 47 Three Sisters sandstone cliffs, 17 timber, 37 timber wolf (Canis lupus), 164 Tollgate, 33 topographic maps, 28 Touchet beds, 86, 87, 88 Tower Mountain Caldera, 30, 64 trail stability, 13 Troy, City of, 31 Tucannon River, 50, 51, 88, 101 tuff, 68 Twin Sisters, 105
U
Ukiah, City of, 30 Umatilla Indian Reservation, 33 Umatilla National Forest, 116 Diamond Peak, iii forest fires and, 146 history of, 122 map of, 28 old-growth in, 124–125 proximity to the Blues, 34
INDEX
205