காலம் 36 by kaalam magazine

g.77 K.ngh. gf;fq;fs; K.nghTk; mtuJ ftpijfSk; rhk;gypy; gpwe;J tpz;zpy; gwf;Fk; ... gz;zha; tpRk;gpy; glUk; RUjp Kuz;gl;Lk; cld;gl;Lk; ... ikak; cilf;Fk; kdj;jsk; ... K.ngh. Neu;fhzy; miuehs; n ghOJ kWgf;fj;jpd; Fuy;fs; iyyh vij ehd; cdf;Fj; jpUg;gpj; jUtJ glrhuh fhj;jpUf;fpd;whd; nt.rh.tpj;jpahrkhd kdpju; nrq;fly; jpug;glKd;Ndhl;lk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,Ue;J jkpOf;F ftpijfs; ftpijfs; jkpopy; gy;Yhlf Mtzg;gLj;jy; vd; Mju;]k; vd; Mrhd; vd; ez;gd; ftpijfs; xU ehlf Mrpupau; ehlfkhfpwhu; rpwF tsu;e;j Fuy;fSld; gwe;jtd; ftpijfs; mopf;fg;gLk; ngz;Foe;ijfSk; ... ftpQdpd; kidtp Tamil Identity and Multiculturalism in Canada ‘fhty;Nfhl;lk;’ rl;lehjdpd;rpWfijfs; mz;ikf;fhyf; ftpijAk; mofpaYk; ,yq;if-,e;jpah-<ok;: ... kpF czu;r;rpAk; tpku;rdg; gpwo;Tk;

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Nguh.rptj;jk;gp vd.Nf.kfhypq;fk; K.G];guh[d; m.NaRuhrh nkypQ;rpKj;jd; r.,uhftd; K.ngh

n[aNkhfd; Nrhgh~f;jp Nrud; v];uhkfpU~;zd; m.Kj;Jypq;fk; kzpNtYg;gps;is kA+ jpUkhtstd; ew;fPud; ngh.fUzhfu %u;j;jp G];guh[d; rr;rpjhde;jd; Rfpu;juh[h ,sq;Nfh jkpor;rp jq;fghz;bad; mUz;nkhoptu;kd; ngh.fUzhfu%u;j;jp Kirubhalini Giruparajah Njtfhe;jd; vd;.Nf.vk; nry;th fdfehafk; jh.rptjhrd; gpugQ;rd;

ftpijfSf;Fk; gpw ,lq;fspYk; mUe;jjpapd; Xtpaq;fs; gad;gl;Ls;sd. ed;wp! (www.oodaru.com)

g;gj;jp MW ,jo;fis fle;Js;Nshk;. ve;jtpj cgfhuKk; vjpHghuhky; vj;jidNah ,yf;fpa MSikfs; njhlHe;J vOJfpd;whHfs;. fhyj;jpd; fUj;JfSld; KOikahf cld;glhjtHfs; $l fhyj;jpy; vOJfpd;whHfs; vd;gJ xU cz;ikahd ,yf;fpaj;Jf;F ntw;wpjhd;.

K ,jo; 36

khu;fop 2010

Mrpupau; nry;tk; MNyhridf; FO vd;.Nf.kfhypq;fk; nropad;

tbtikg;G v];.tp.u Ngy; Kfg;G Xtpak; thRfp (ed;wp: www.oodaru.com) njhlu;G Kftup:

KALAM 16 Hampstead crt,Markham ON Canada L3R 3S7 Email: kalam@tamilbook.com KALAM 44,First Floor, 5th Street Om Sakthi Nagar, Valasarvakkam Chennai 60 00 87, TamilNadu Email: kaalammmagazine@gmail.com Tel: 94 44 42 74 205 tpiy: ,e;jpa &gha; 40 re;jhtpguk; ,e;jpah: Xuhz;L 160 &gha; <uhz;L 300 &gha; Ie;jhz;L 750 &gha; gpwehLfs;: Xuhz;L 640 &gha; <uhz;L 1200 &gha; Ie;jhz;L 3000 &gha; re;jhTf;F Nkw;fz;l njhiyNgrpapy; my;yJ kpd;dQ;rypy; njhlu;G nfhs;sTk;

cz;ikahd ,yf;fpak; kdpjHfspd; tho;it nrhy;Yk;. mtHfspd; tuyhw;iw fyhg+Htkhf gjpT nra;Ak;. vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl kdpj tho;it ca;tpf;Fk;. fhyk; rQ;rpifia xU Kw;W KOjhd ,yf;fpa rQ;rp ifahff; nfhz;L tUtJjhd; ekJ Nehf;fk;. Mdhy; vk; kPJ td;Kiwahf jpzpf;fg;gl;l murpaypy; ,Ue;J vk;khYk; flf;f Kbatpy;iy. ,e;j ,jo; K.ngh rpwg;gpjohf tUfpd;wJ. 'ePNuhL Kj;jk; epfo;j;Jk; mbthdpd;> Xuj;Nj Mb xspUk;> xU Ropg;gpy; jd;id ,dq;fz;L jhTk; kdg;NgL" jd; rpwFfis tphpj;J thdpy; gwe;J jd; ,wfhy; vOjp gilg;Gj; njhopypy; <Lgl;L tUgth;> ftpQh; K.ngh. Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf> ftpij> fl;Liu> ehty;> tpkh;rdk;> gj;jphpfhrphpak; vd;W mth; vOj;Jf;fs; tphpe;J nfhz;Nl nry;git. mtUila 'kjpg;gPL"> khh;fopf; Fkhp"> 'fhyp yPiy" Nghd;w ftpijfis ,d;Wk; epidtpy; itj;jpUf;Fk; thrfh;fs; gyh;. ' miu ehs; nghOJ"> 'jtk;"> 'fzq;fis tpOq;fpa Afq;fs;" vd;w rpWfijfs; jkpopy; gilf;fg;ngw;w rpwe;j fijfspy; rpy. 'ajhh;j;jKk; Mj;khh;j;jKk;" njhFg;gpy; ntspte;j fl;Liufs; ,d;Wk; gyuhy; Ngrg;gLgit. mit jkpo; tpkh;rdg; Nghf;Ff;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;fs;. 'jpir" vd;w gj;jphpif Aj;j fhyj;jpYk; JzpTld; gj;jphpifr; Rje;jpuj;Jld; rpy fhykhtJ aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J ntspte;jJ. mjd; Mrphpah; mth;. Nkyhf> mtUila r%f Nritfs; mth; fpuhkj;jpy; ,d;Dk; Ngrg;gLtit. mit midj;Jf;Ff;FNk Mj;kPfNt mbg;gil vd;W ek;Gfpwhh;. mij ehk; mjw;Fhpa khpahijNahL mZFtNj mthpd; gilg;Gf;fis kjpg;gpLtjw;F mbg;gil vd;W gzpTld; ek;GfpNwd;. 'vq;Fk; miyfs; vwpAk; fly; eLNt> Nguwpah er;Rg; gpuz;il tpisfpd;w Xh; jPtpy; xJq;fpf; fplf;fpd;w" K.ngh. vd;w ftpQiuf; nfsutpj;J ,r;rpwg;gpjio ntspapLtjpy; fhyk; ngUikg;gLfpwJ. mth; NkYk; gy;yhz;Lfs; Rfj;Jld; tho;e;J jkpod;idf;F tsk; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; gpuhh;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;. nry;tk; mUshde;jk;

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...vd; ftdj;ijf; ftu;e;j %d;W ngz; ftpQu;fs; Mopahs;> mdhu;> g`Pkh [fhd;. %tUf;Fkhd nghJf;$Wfs; vd;why; Nghu; kw;Wk; ,lk;ngau;jypd; R+oiy mtu;fs; vjpu;nfhs;fpwhu;fs; vd;gNj. nkd;ikahd El;gkhd ftpnkhop mDgtq;fSf;F Neu; ikahf ,Uj;jy;> thrfdpd; fw;gidia Nehf;fpg; NgRjy; Mfpa mk;rq;fspy; ,k;%d;W ftpQu;fSk; vdf;F Kf;fpakhdtu;fshfg; gLfpwhu;fs;...

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Fk; jUzk; mikAnkd;why; ftpij kpfkpf vspaJ vd;W xU fl;Liuapy; NjtNjtd; nrhy;fpwhu;. xU Foe;ijapd; kyu;ej ; tpopfSld; tho;fi ; fia Nehf;f Kbe;jhy; ftpij nrhw;fspy; ,ay;ghf te;jikfpwJ. g`Pkh [fhdpd; ftp ijapy; mire;J tUk; fupa ahidfisg; ghu;j;jthW iftplg;gl;l jdJ $l;il vz;zpf; fz;zPu; cFj;jplyhapw;W vd;W xU FUtpapd; jpdj;jpy; me;jpapd; tUif ahidfspd; mirthfr; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. me;j vspa Foe;ij epiyNa ftpijfspd; gpwg;gplk;. nfhs;iffs; Nfhl;ghLfs; my;y. murpaYk; jj;JtKk; my;y. nghJthf> ,e;jpag; ngz;ftpQu;fspd; ftpijfspy; fhZk; xU rpwg;gk;rj;ijAk; ,tu;fspy; fhz;fpNwd;. vd; mofpay; Nehf;fpy; mij Xu; vjpu;kiw mk;rkhfNt vz;ZNtd;. Mdhy; fpl;lj;jl;l mj;jid ftpQu;fspYk; ,f;$W cs;sJ vd;Dk;NghJ mjd; Ntu;fisg;gw;wpNa

...<of; ftpijfs; kPjhd vd; mtek;gpf;ifia kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gjpTnra;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpNwd;. fhuzk; <of; ftpijfs; kpfg;ngUk; ghYk; ntw;W murpay; $r;ry; fs;jhd;. mit mtw;iw vOjpatu; vt;thwhf jd;idf; fhl;bf;nfhs;s tpiofpwhu; vd;gjw;fhd rhd;Wfs; kl;LNk... ...MfNtjhd; ehd; <og;ngz; ftpQu;fis NkYk; $u;e;J ftdpf; fpNwd;. mtu;fsplk; xU nfhy;iyg; gf;fk; rhu;e;j ghu;it ,Uf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf; ifapy;...

Nahrpf;fNtz;bapUf;fpwJ. mij ftpAUtfk; ‘nkl;l/gu;’ vdyhk;. ftpijapy; ftpAUtfq;fis gad;gLj;JtJ rw;W fhyht jpahd tp~ak;. vg;gb mzpfSk; ctikfSk; xU fhy fl;lj;J mofpaYld; njhlu;Gs;sdNth mijg;Nghy. ftp AUtfq;fs; thrfDf;F fw;gidf;fhd rhj;jpaq;fisf; nfhLf;fhky; jq;fis mOj;jkhf epWtpf;nfhs;sf;$b ait. MfNt mtw;iw ftpij nrd;w fhy;E}w;whz;Lf; Fk; Nkyhf jtpu;j;Nj tUfpwJ. mtw;Wf;Fg; gjpyhfj;jhd; gbkq;fs; ftpnkhopahf Mapd. ftpAUtfq;fs; ehtYf; Fupait vd;whapw;W. ehtypy; juprdq;fis gy Nfhzq; fspy; tsu;j;J gy jsq;fSld; njhlu;GgLj;jp Kd;ndL j;Jr;nry;y mit cjtf;$bait. ms;spLk; jUznkyhk; kz;izAk; FWzpf;fw;fisAk; mts; fuq;fspy; vQ;ritj;J tpl;L ney; kzpfNshL epyj;jpy; xOfpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ fhyk;

36 vd;W g`Pkh [fhDk; Xbr; Ropj;J xd;wpize;jhLfpd;wd jirazpe;j ePu;r; Ridfs; vd;W mdhUk; ,ay;ghfNt ftpAUtfq;fisg; gad;gLj; Jtijf; fhzyhk;. nrhy;yte;jij mOj;j mbf;Nfhbl ngupjhf;fpf;fhl;l ,e;j ftpAUtfq;fs; mtu;fSf;F Njit ahfpd;wd NghYk;. rkfhy <of;ftpijapd; Kf;fpakhd Fuy;fshf ,tu;fis ehd; fhz;fpNwd;. ,r;nrhw;fspd; ftpj;Jtk; mspf;Fk; Gj;Jzu;r;rpAk; xsptpLk; JauKk; ftpij vd;w tbtj;jpd; rhj;jpaq;fis vd;Ds; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpj;jd. murpay; $r;ry;fs; xypf;Fk; <oj;jpd; jpz;izfSf;F mg;ghypUe;J nksdk; fdj;j tpk;ky;fs; Nghy> tPizajpu;Tfs; Nghy ,it xypf;fpd;wd.

mz;ikapy; fpilj;j Gj;jfq;fs; ...

thOk; jkpo;

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e;jf; fijia gbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ ve;j ,lj;jpyhtJ ePq;fs; xU Gd;difiar; nra;jhy; ,e;jf; fijnrhy; ypapd; Md;kh tf;fpuj;jhy; epiwe;Js;sjhf mu;j;jk;. my;yJ Gd;dif nra;j cq;fsJ Md;kh mt;thW rpije;J NghapUf;fyhk;. xUNtis ek;kpUtuJ Md;khf;fSNk tf;f upj;Jg; NghapUf;fTk; $Lk;.

...ghup]; efuj;jpd; xU fNgapy; ehd; nry;yj; Jiuiar; re;jpj;Njd;. ehd; mtuplk; 'mz;Nz> uh[uj;jpdk; ,yq;if ehafp vz;L ngau;... ma;k;gJ tarpUf;Fk;> yz;ldpyapUe;J vz;gj;jp %z;by Gnshl;Lf;F te;jtthk;. ,g;g gpuhd;]py; ,Uf;fpwh. Mis cq;fSf;Fj; njupAkh?" vd;W Nfl;Nld;.... ...,yq;if ehafp jdJ Ngr;ir Kbf;Fk;NghJ jdJ ifapypUe;j glj;ij caNu Jhf;fpf;fhl;b 'vq;fs; jiytu; gpughfud;" vd;whu;. mg;NghJ mtuJ Fuy; fzPnud xypj;jJ. md;W Nk vl;lhk; Njjp...

gpuhd;]pd; jw;Nghija mjpgu; epf;Nfhyh rhu;f; Nfh]p ehd;F tUlq;fspw;F Kd;G jdJ Nju;jy; gpuhr;rhu ciuapd;NghJ ghup]pd; Gwe fu;g; gFjpahd n]apd; JWth %ypd; nga iuf; Fwpg;gpl;L> jhd; gjtpf;F te;jhy; me;jg; gFjpiar; Rj;jpfupf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhu;. me;jg; gFjpapy;jhd; ehd; fle;j gj;J tUlq;fshf ,Uf;fpNwd;.

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rpwpa tuNtw;giwiaAk; xU rpwpa gLf;if miwiaAk; nfhz;lJ vdJ tPL. me;j njhlu;khbf; FbapUg;gpy; ,Ue;j vy;yh tPLfSNk mt;tifahditjhd;. vdJ khjr; rk;gsj;jpy; rupghjp thliff;Fg; Nghapw;W. ghup]; efuj;jpy; ,NjNghd;w xU tPl;by; thliff;F ,Ug;g njd;why; KOr; rk;gsj;ijANk thliff;fhfj; jhiuthu;ff ; Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. Ntiyf;Fr; nry;yhj ehl;fspYk; khiy Neuq;fspYk; mNefkhf ehd; vq;fsJ njhlu;khbf; FbapUg;gpd; fPo;j; jsj;jpypUf;Fk; thrw;gbf;fl;by; Fe;jpapUg;Ngd;. vd;NdhL me;jf; FbapUg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,isQu;fSk; Fe;jpapUg; ghu;fs;. gyJk; gj;Jk; NgRNthk;. vq;fspilNa mbf;fb iffyg;Gk; tUk;. vy;yhNk xUehs; Nfhgk;jhd;. mLj;j ehs; ifnfhLj;Jr; rkhjhdkhfptpLNthk;. ,uT Neuq;f spy; me;jg; gbfspy; cl;fhu;e;jpUe;J NgrpathNw Fbg; Nghk;. vq;fs; FbapUg;Gf;Fj; jdpahff; fhtyhsp Njitap y;iy. ve;j NeuhkhdhYk; ahuhtJ rpyu; thrw;gbfspy; cl;fhu;e;jpUg;Nghk;. rpyu; mq;NfNa cl;fhu;e;jthNw Jhq;fp tpLthu;fs;. vq;fis kpfTk; ,ilQ;ry; nra;tJ nghyp];fhuu;fs;jhd;. jpBnudr; Rw;wptisj;Jf; iffis cau;j;JkhW fl;lis apl;L vq;fisr; RtNuhL epWj;jp itj;Jr; NrhjidapL thu;fs;. fj;jp> fQ;rh> Nghyp tprh> jpUl;L nry;Nghd; vd VjhtJ mtu;fSf;Fr; rpf;Fk;. vq;fs; FbapUg;Ng jpuz;L epd;W nghyp];fhuu;fisj; jpl;Lk;. xUKiw nghyp]; thfdj;Jf;Fj; jP itj;j fijAk; ,q;Nf ele;jJ. gpuhd; ]py; Nghyp];fhuu;fSf;Ff; fhjypfs; fpilg;gjpy;iy vdr; nrhy;thu;fs;. mj;jifa xU ntWg;G ,q;Nf nghyp];fhuu; fs;kPJ kf;fSf;F cz;L. vq;fs; gFjpapy; nghyprhUf;Ff; fhjyp my;y> jtpj;j tha;f;Ff; Fbf;f xU kplW jz;zPu; $l ahUk; nfhLf;fkhl;Nlhk;. [dhjpgjp epf;Nfhyh rhf;Nfh]p vq;fsJ FbapUg;Gg; gFjpiar; Rj;jpfupf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;d rpy ehl;fspy; vq;fsJ njhlu;khbf; fl;llj;jpw;F ma;k;gJ taJfs; kjpf;fj;jf;f xU jkpo;g; ngz;kzp te;J Nru;e;jhu;. Kd;G vq;fsJ njhlu;khbf; fl;llj;jpy; rpy jkpo;f; FLk;gq;fs; ,Ue;jd. gps;isfs;> Fl;bfs; ngUf mtu;fs; ,q;NfNa maypy; NtW tPLfSf;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhu;fs;. mjd; gpd;G ,e;jg; ngz;kzp mq;Nf tUk;tiu ehd; xNunahU jkp od;jhd; mq;fpUe;Njd;. me;jg; ngz;kzp ehdpUe;j gj;jh tJ jsj;jpNyNa Vohk; ,yf;fj;jpy; FbNawpdhu;. vdJ fjT ,yf;fk; ma;e;J. me;jg; ngz;kzpiag; ghu;jj ; TlNdNa mtu; ghz;br;Nrupj; jkpoh my;yJ rpq;fsg; ngz;kzpah vd;w re;Njfq;fs; VJk; vdf;F tutpy;iy. nghJthf ma;Nuhg;ghtpy; thOk; ma;k;gJ taJ kjpf;fj;jf;f xU <og; ngz;kzp vg;gbap Ug;ghNuh> vt;thW MilazpthNuh> vg;gbj; jiy Kbia iag; gpd;dhy; $l;bf; fl;bapUg;ghNuh mg;gbNa mtu; ,Ue;jhu;. Mdhy; mtu; jdpahf mq;Nf Fbte;jJk>; ifapy; xU ehiag; gpbj;jgb nts;isf;fhup khjpup ntspNa cyhtr; nry;tJk;jhd; vd;idf; nfhQ;rk; Fog; gpaJ. me;j mofpa eha; ,uz;L cs;sq; iffSf;Fs;Sk; mlq;fp tpLkstpw;F kpfr; rpwpajhd Xu; ,dj;ijr;

Nru;e;jJ. me;j ntz;zpw ehapd; cly; rilj;j Kbfshy; %lg;gl;bUe;jJ. ehapd; fhnyq;Nf> thnyq;Nf vdf; fz;L gpbg;gNj rpukk;. ehapd; fz;fs; kl;Lk;jhd; ntspNa njupe;jd. me;jf; fz;fs; vg;NghJk; xspu;ej ; thNwapUe;jd. %f;Ff; fz;zhbapy; tiue;J xl;lg;gl;l fz;fisg;Nghy me;jg;; ngz;kzpapd; fz;fs; kuj;jpUe;jd. me;jg; ngz;k zpapd; fz;fspy; xUNghJk; czu;rpfis ehd; ghu;j;jNj fpilahJ. ehq;fs; fl;llj;jpd; thrw;gbapy; cl;fhu;e;jpUf;Fk;NghJ me;jg; ngz;kzpia vjpu;nfhs;tJz;L. mtu; ehAld; vq;fisj; jhz;br; nry;Yk; NghJ ehq;fs; \\nghd;A+ Nklk;|| vd tzf;fk; njuptpg;Nghk;. mtUk; gjpy; tzf;fk; nrhy;yptpl;Lg; Nghthu;. rpy jlitfs; \\vg;gb eykhapUf; fpwPu;fsh|| vd xd;wpuz;L thu;j;ijfs; vq;fsplk; NgRthu;. me;j xd;wpuz;L thu;j;ijfspNyNa mtu; gpuQ;Rnkhop iag; gpuQ;Rf;fhuu;fs; khjpupNa cr;rupj;Jg; Ngrf; $batu; vdj; njupe;jJ. fPo;j;jsj;jpy; ehq;fs; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; gbf spd; mUfpNyNa jghw; ngl;bfs; nghUj;jg;gl;bUe;jd. xUehs; me;jg; ngz;kzp jdJ jghw; ngl;biaj; jpwe;J fbjq;fis vLg;gijg; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j ehd; mtu; nrd;wJk; me;jg; ngl;baUNf nrd;W mjpy; vOjg;gl;b Ue;j ngaiug; gbj;Jg; ghu;j;Njd;. mjpy; uh[uj;jpdk; ,yq;if ehafp vdg; ngau; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,yq;if ehafp mq;F te;J xUkhjk; fope;jjd; gpd;dhfj;jhd; vdf;F mtNuhL Ngr tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. ehq;fs; ,UtUk; fPo;j;jsj;jpy; ypg;Lf;fhff; fhj;jpUe;j NghJ ehd; mtiug; ghu;j;Jg; Gd;difj;Njd;. mtu; vd;idg; ghu;j;J nkJthfj; jiyairj;jhu;. ypg;Lf;Fs; VwpaJk; ehd; mtupd; ifapypUe;j me;j ehiaf; fhl;b \\ey;y tbthd eha;...vd;d Ngu;?|| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. ,yq;if ehafp xU Gd;difAld; \\iyyh|| vdr; nrhy;yptpl;L jdJ ifapypUe;j me;j ehiaj; jltpf; nfhLj;jhu;. eha;f;F ahuhtJ iyyh vdg; ngau; itg;ghu;fsh? vdf;Fj;jhd; mtu; nrhd;dJ rupahff; fhjpy; Nfl;ftpy;iy vd;W epidj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. eha;f;F iyf;fh vdg; ngau; itg;gtu;fSz;L. Kjd; Kjypy; u~;a tpQ;Qhdpfs; tpz;ntspf;F mDg;gpa eha;f;F iyf;fh vd;W ngau;. vdNt ehd; ,yq;if ehafpaplk; kWgbAk; \iyf;fhth| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. mtu; thia mfyj;jpwe;J \iyyh|vd mOj;jkhf cr;rupj;Jtpl;L ehia vdf;F Kd;Nd xU Foe;ijiaj; jUtJNghy ePl;bdhu;. ehd; ehiaj; jltpf; nfhLj;Njd;. ,UtUk; gj;jhtJ jsj;jpy; ,wq;fpNdhk;. ehd; ,yq;if ehafpaplk; \\mf;fh> ehl;byapUe;J ntspf;fpl;L fdfhy Nkh|| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. ,yq;if ehafp vd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;jthNw \\Xk; jk;gp> vz;gjhk; Mz;L yz;lDf;F gbf;fntz;L NghdJ. vz;gj;jp %z;by mq;fapUe;J jpUk;gp ,e;jpahTf;F Nghapw;wd;. gpwF jpUk;gpAk; vz;gj;jhwpy ,Q;r te;jdhd;|| vd;whu;. \\yz;ldpyapUe;J Vd; jpUk;gpg; NghdPq;fs;> gbg;G KbQ;

36 Rjh ,y;yhl;b yz;ld; gpbf;fapy;iyNah?|| ,yq;if ehafp ehia ,wf;fpj; jiuapy; tpl;Lf;nfhz;Nl \\ehd; yz;ldpyapUe;J ,af;fj;Jf;Fg; Nghddhd; jk;gp|| vd;W nrhy;yptpl;Lj; jdJ fjit Nehf;fp elf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. ehd; ,t;thwhd xU gjpiy xUNghJk; vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;ftpy;iy. nkJthf ele;J fjitj; jpwe;J vdJ tPl;Lf;Fs; Eioe;Njd;. vd;d ,e;j kDrp xU iug;ghf; fijf;fpwNj vd;W Nahrpj; Njd;. Kd;gpd; njupahj Msplk; jhd; ,af;fk; vd;W nrhy; tnjd;why; ,yq;if ehafpapd; Ngr;rpy; VNjh cs;Nehf;fk; ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vd ehd; vr;rupf;ifahNdd;. vd;id mtu; csT ghu;f;fpwhuh? ,d;ndhU Gwj;jpNy \\me;j kDrp ,ay;ghfr; nrhy;ypapUf;fTk; $Lk;> mJ cz;ikahfTkp Uf;fyhk;> vijg; ghu;j;jhYk; jtwhfNt Nehf;fpr; re;Njf Kk; mr;rKk; nfhs;Skstpw;F cdf;Fj;jhd; %is tf;fpukile;Jtpl;lJ|| vd;W vd; kdk; FWf;fhNy nrhy;ypw;W. mLj;jehs; ehd; thrw;gbapy; cl;fhu;ej ; pUe;jNghJ Jhuj;Nj ehAld; ,yq;if ehafp ele;J tUtijf; fz;lJk; ehd; vOe;J ypg;Lf;F mUfhf te;J epd;Wnfhz;Nld;. mtu; ypg;bd; mUNf te;jJk; mtiug; ghu;j;Jg; Gd;difj;Njd;. mtu; nkJthfj; jiyairj;jhu;. ypg;Lf;Fs; nrd;W ypg;bd; fjTfs; %bf;nfhz;lJk; ehd; ,yq;if ehafpap lk; \\mf;fh> ePq;fs; ,af;fj;Jf;Fg; Nghdjhr; nrhd;dPq; fs;..ve;j ,af;fj;Jf;Fg; NghdPq;fs;|| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. mijf; Nfl;fhtpl;lhy; vdf;Fj; jiyntbj;jpUf;Fk;. mtu; gjpy; nrhy;tjhdhy; nrhy;yl;Lk;. ,yq;if ehafp new;wpiar; RUf;fp cjLfisf; fbj;J NkNy ghu;j;jhu;. gpd;G \\mJ.. Gnshl;Nlh vd;dNth xU Ngu; nrhd;dhq;fs;> ehd; mq;f rikaYf;F epz;ldhd;|| vd;whu;. ypg;bd; fjTfs; jpwe;jJk; mtu; vd;idj; jpUk;gpAk; ghuhky; jdJ fjit Nehf;fpf; fhy;fis mfy itj;J tpWtpWntd ele;jhu;. vdf;F kWNgr;R vd;d NgRtJ vd;Nw njupatpy;iy. VjhtJ jpUg;gpg; Ngrf; $ba khjpupah ,yq;if ehafp NgRfpwhu;. mtu; thiaj; jpwe;jhNy mtupd; thapypUe;J Kisj;J xU ghk;gy;yth vd;idj; jPz;LfpwJ. vdf;Ff; fb tp~k; Vwpg; Ngha;tpl;lJ. ,yq;if ehafpf;F nfhQ;rk; %isg; gprF vd;gijj; jtpu NtnwJTk; vdf;Fj; Njhd;wtpy;iy. xU vjpu;ghuhj Neuj;jpy; ypg;Lf; Fs; itj;J ,yq;if ehafp vd;idj; Jg;ghf;fpahy; Rl Kaw;rpg;gJ Nghy vdf;F vz;zq;fs; tu Muk;gpj;jd. mtu; Jg;ghf;fpia vq;fpUe;J cUTthu>; mg;NghJ ypg;Lf; Fs; vdf;Fk; mtUf;Fk; vt;tsT ,ilntspapUf;Fk> ehd; vg;gb mtuplkpUe;J Jg;ghf;fpiaj; jl;bg; gwpg;gJ> gwpj;jTld; mtiu ehd; Rl Ntz;Lkh> mtiur; Rl;lhy; kl;Lk; NghJkh my;yJ mtuJ ehiaAk; Rl Ntz;Lkh vd;W vd; kdjpw;Fs; Nfs;tpfs; xd;wpd; gpd; xd;whfj; Njhd;wp vd;id miyf;fopj;jd. cdf;nfd;d kdk; tf;fupj;Jtpl;ljh? vjw;fhf me;j mofpa eha; iyyhit eP Rl Ntz;Lk; vd vd;idNa ehd; Nfl; Lf;nfhz;Nld;. [hu; kd;did l;nuh];fp RLk;NghJ [hupd;

ehiaAk; Rl;Lf; nfhd;whu; vd;w tp~ak; me;j Neuj;jpy; vd; Qhgfj;jpw;F te;jJ. mLj;J te;j ehl;fspy; ehd; ,yq;if ehafpapd; eltbf;iffisf; fz;fhzpf;f Muk;gpj;Njd;. mJnthd;Wk; ,Nyrkhd fhupakhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mtu; jpBnud jdJ tPl;bypUe;J ehNahL ntspNa tUthu;. vq;fsJ FbapUg;gpd; maypy; ehNahL cyhTthu;. nfhQ;r Neuk; ehNahL Gy;ntspapd; Xuj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;b Uf;Fk; thq;fpy; cl;fhu;e;jpUg;ghu;. Ntwq;Fk; mtu; Ngha; tUtjhfj; njupatpy;iy. mUfpYs;s rPdhf;fhudpd; kypT Rg;gu; khu;fn ; fl;Lf;Fs; mtu; Eioe;J ntspNa tUk;NghJ ifapy; eha;f;fhd czT milf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; NgzpfS ld; tUthu;. ,yq;if ehafp vq;Nf Ntiy nra;fpwhu;? vd;d rhg;gpLfpwhu;; rikg;gjw;Fg; nghUl;fis vq;F thq; Ffpwhu; vd;gJ xd;Wkhf tpsq;ftpy;iy. vd;Dila fz;fhzpg;gpYk; FiwghLfs; ,y;yhkypy;iy. Ntiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; ehl;fspy; mjpfhiyapy; Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W khiyapy;jhd; jpUk;gp tUNtd;. ,uT vl;L kzpf; Fg; gpwF vd; jiyapy; ,bNa tpOe;jhYk; czuhj msTf;Fg; NghijapypUg;Ngd;. Ntiyapy;yhj ehl;fspy; ehd; Jhf;fj;jhy; vOtNj kjpak; fope;j gpwFjhd;. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ ehd; ,yq;if ehafpAld; ypg;by; jdpahfr; nry;Yk; jUzq;fisf; ftdkhfj; jtpu;j;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. tpiutpNyNa vdf;F xU top fpilj;jJ. cz;ikapy; ,yq;if ehafp Gnshl; ,af;fkh> ,y;iy kDrp Gj;jp Ngjypj;Jg; gpjw;Wfpwjh> ,y;iy kDrp fs;s kdNjhL vd;Dld; NgRfpwjh vd mwpa xU tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. ehd; nry;yj;Jiuiag; Ngha;r; re;jpj;Njd;. nry;yj;Jiu Gnshl; ,af;fj;jpy; Kf;fpakhdtuhf ,Ue;jtu;. kj;jpa FOtpy; $l ,Ue;jtu; vd;W ahNuh nrhd;djhf Qhgfk;. vz;gj;jhwpNyh vz;gj;NjopNyh Gnshl;bd; js khehL elf;Fk;tiu ,af;fj;jpypUe;J khehl;NlhL ,af;fj;jpyp Ue;J ntspNawpatu;. ,g;NghJ mtUf;F murpay; <Lghnly;yhk; fpilahJ. ,ilf;fpilNa ,yf;fpaf; $l;lq;fspwF ; nry;yj;Jiu tUthu;. mg;gb vdf;F mtu; gof;fk;. ghup]; efuj;jpd; xU fNgapy; ehd; nry;yj;Jiuiar; re;jpj;Njd;. ehd; mtuplk; \\mz;Nz> uh[uj;jpdk; ,yq;if ehafp vz;L ngau;.. ma;k;gJ tarpUf;Fk;> yz;ldpyap Ue;J vz;gj;jp %z;by Gnshl;Lf;F te;jtthk;. ,g;g gpuhd;]py; ,Uf;fpwh. Mis cq;fSf;Fj; njupAkh?|| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. nry;yj;Jiu nfhQ;rKk; Nahrpf;fhky; \\ X ePq;fs; iyyh Njhoiur; nrhy;YwPq;fs;|| vd;whu;. \\mz;Nz> iyyhj; Njhouh ,y;iy iyyhtpd;u Njhouh? njspthr; nrhy;Yq;Nfh> ehd; Vw;fdNt NghJkhd msTf;Ff; Fok;gpapUf;fpwd;|| \\mtTf;F iyyh vz;Ljhd; ,af;fj;jpy Ngu;|| \\iyyh> k[;D vz;nlyhk; nuhkhd;bf;fh cq;fpl ,af;fj;jpy Ngu; itf;f khl;Bq;fNs! nkz;b];> rq;fpyp>

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\\ckf;F iyyhntz;lh Mnuz;L tpsq;fapy;y. ghy];jPd tpLjiy ,af;fk; Kjy;Kjyha; g;Nsd; flj;japf;f me;j xg;gpNu~idr; nra;j xU ngz; Nghuhspf;F iyyh vz;L ngau;|| \\mz;Nz xU gpau; Fbg;gkh> jiyapbf;FJ|| vd;W nry;yj;Jiuaplk; Nfl;Nld;. mtUf;F rPdp tUj;jnkd;W nrhy;yp gpau; Ntz;lhk; vd;whu;. mtUf;F xU fWg;Gf; Nfhg;gpAk; vdf;F xU gpaUk; Xlu; nra;Njd;. \\mz;Nz mt yz;ldpyapUe;jh ,af;fj;Jf;F te;jt?|| \\XNkhk;..mnjd;dz;lh ,t yz;lDf;F gbf;fj;jhd; NghdJ. mq;fjhd; fPu;j;jp kh];lNuhl yt;thdJ. fPu;j;jp kh];lu; mg;g yz;ldpy Gnshl;Lf;F Ntiy nra;jtu;. ey;y murpay; njspTs;s Ms;. nuz;L NgUk; yz;ldpyap Ue;J xz;lhj;jhd; ntspf;fpl;lit. fPu;j;jp kh];lu; Neu gp. vy; X. l;nuapdpq;Ff;fhf nygdhDf;Fg; Nghapl;lhu;. iyyh ,e;jpahTf;F te;jpw;wh. ,e;jpahtpy Nf. Nf. efu; Gnshl; xg;gp]pyjhd; ,uz;L tUrkh ,Ue;jt.|| \\mg;g ,t iyyh ,Ue;jtth?||

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\\xg;gp]py Ntiy nra;jt. fpl;lj;jl;l ckhkNf];tuDf;F nrful;up khjpupj;jhd;. ,q;fpyP]; ey;yhj; njupAk;. mjhy ntspehl;Lj; njhlu;Gfs;> nkhopngau;g;Gfs; vz;L fd Ntiy nra;jt. ,tTf;F mq;f kQ;rs; FUtpnaz;L gl;lk;.|| \\mnjd;d kQ;rs; FUtp?|| \\Mk;gps nghk;gpis vz;L tpj;jpahrk; ghuhk vy;yhNuhlAk; ey;yhr; rpupr;Rg; goFth. cLg;GfSk; mg;gpb ,g;gpb yz;ld; ];ilypyjhd; NghLth. xUf;fh ckhkNf];tud; $l cq;fpl yz;ld; gof;fj;ij ,Q;r fhl;lhjPq;Nfh> fl;Lg;ghL Njitnaz;L ,tt VrpdJ. Miug; ghu;j;jhYk; topapw Nf]; vz;L mtTf;F xU NgupUe;jJ. iyyhj; Njhou; vq;fSf;F KjNy ,af;fj;jpyapUe;J tpyj;jpw;wh.|| \\Vd; ,af;fj;jpyapUe;J ntspapy te;jt?|| \\mJ vdf;Fr; ruptuj; njupNay;y> Mdhy; ,af;fk; cilaj; njhlq;fpd clNdNa nfl;bf;fhuq;fs; Xbj; jg;gpw;whq;fs;. iyyh yz;ld; gbg;ngy;yh.. ehq;fs; miu Fiwas; epz;L ,OTz;L te;jJ. nkhf;Ffs; vy;yhk; mq;fapUe;J nrj;Jg;Nghdhq;fs;. Gyp Nghl;lJ miu thrp...vq;fpl Mf;fNs Nghl;lJ miuthrp.|| \\me;jf; fPu;j;jp kh];lu; ,g;g vq;f?|| \\MUf;Fj; njupAk;! gp.vy;.XTf;Fg; Nghd Mis gpwF xUjUk; fz;ljhj; njupNay;y. mtu; nygdhdpNyNa

mbghl;by nrj;Jg;Nghdhu; vz;L xU fijapUf;F. mg;gpbapy;y nygdhdpy khzpf;fj;Njhl gpur;rpidg;gl;Lj; jpUg;gp ,e;jpahTf;F te;Jjhd; fhzhky; Nghdtu; vz;Lk; xU fijapUf;F.|| nry;yj;Jiuaplk; Ngrptpl;Lj; jpUk;gp tUk; topnay;yhk; vdf;F ,yq;if ehafp Fwpj;j rpj;jpuq;fNs kdjpw;Fs; te;J Nghapd. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ kdJ nfhQ;rk; epk;kjpahapUe;jJ. mLj;jehs; fPo;j;jsj;jpy; ypg;bd; mUNf fhj;jpUe;J mtUld; ypg;by; Vwp mtiug; ghu;j;Jg; Gd;difj;Njd;. mtu; toikNghyNt jiyiar; rpwpJ mirj;J itj;jhu;;. ehd; Gjpjhfg; ghu;g;gJNghy Xuf; fz;zhy; ,yq;if ehafpiaf; ftdpj;Njd;. mtu; jiy Fdpe;J ifapypUe;j ehiaj; jltpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,yq;if ehafp vYkpr;rk; go epwk;. mjdhy; $l mtUf;F kQ;rs; FUtpnad;W ngau; te;jpUf;fyhk; vd epidj;Jf;nfhz;Nld;. rw;Wg; gUkdhd cly;thF> my;yJ mtuJ Fs;skhd Njhw;wk; mtiug; gUkdhff; fhl;LfpwJ. jiyapy; xU eiu Kb $lf; fpilahJ. ypg;l; fjTfs; jpwe;jJk; tpWtpWntd mtu; fhy;fis mfw;wp itj;J Ntfkhf ele;J Nghdhu;. ,g;gbf; fhy;fis vwpe;J tpWf;fhf ele;JNghFk; ngz; fis Cupy; Mz;%r;Rf;fhup vd;ghu;fs;. xUehs; fhiyapy; ehd; fPo;j;jsj;J thrw;gbapy; cl;fhu;e;jpUe;jNghJ jghw;fhup te;J jghw; ngl;bfspw;Fs; fbjq;fisg; Nghl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jhs;. jpBnud xU Nahrid cjpf;f ehd; Ngha; jghw;fhupapd; mUfpy; epd;W ,yq;if ehafpf;F VjhtJ fbjk; te;jpUf;fpwjh vdf; ftdpj;Njd;. md;W ,yq;if ehafpf;Ff; fbjk; te;jp Ue;jJ. mijj; jghw;fhup ,yq;if ehafp vd;W vOjg;gl; bUe;j ngl;bf;Fs; Nghl;Ltpl;Lr; nrd;wJk; ehd; fPNo fple;j xU ePskhd nky;ypa Fr;rpia vLj;J me;jf; Fr;rpiag; ngl;bf;Fs; tpl;L yhtfkhff; fbjj;ij ntsp Na vLj;Njd;. vq;fs; njhlu;khbf; FbapUg;gpy; ,t;thW Fr;rptpl;L Ml;Lk; Ntiyia xspT kiwthfr; nra;a Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. nghJthfNt jghy; ngl;bf;Fr; rhtpapUf;fpwNjh ,y;iyNa mNefkhNdhu; ,t;thW Fr;rp tpl;Lj;jhd; fbjq;fis vLj;jhu;fs;. jghy; ngl;bfSf;Ff; fPNo ePskhd Fr;rpfs; vg;NghJk; fplf;Fk;. ehd; me;jf; fbjj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;L gj;jhtJ jsj;jpw;F te;Njd;. vq;Nf Ntiy nra;fpwhu;> vd;d tUkhdk;> mtupd; njhlu;Gfs; vj;jifait vd ve;jnthU jlaj;ij Ak; vdf;Fj; juhky; Gifahy; tiue;j xU rpj;jpuk; Nghy ,yq;if ehafp vq;fsJ FbapUg;gpy; ,Ue;jhu;. ,e;jf; fbjj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk; rhl;by; ,yq;if ehafpapd; tPl;bw; Fs; EiotJ> Fiwe;j gl;rk; mtu; fjitj; jpwe;J fbjj; ij thq;Fk;NghJ fjT ,ilntspf;Fs;shy; mtuJ tPl;bd; cs;Ns vl;bahtJ ghu;j;JtpLtJ vd;gJjhd; vdJ jpl;lk;. cz;ikapy; vdf;F ,JnthU Njitapy; yhj Ntiyjhd;. Mdhy; ahiug; ghu;j;jhYk; vijg; ghu;j;jhYk;; re;Njfj;JlDk; vr;rupf;ifahfTk; ,Uf;FkhW vdJ kdk; vd;id topelj;jpw;W. ehd; Vohk; ,yf;ff; fjtpd; Kd;Nd epd;W miog;G

36 kzpia mOj;jpf; ifia kzpapypUe;J vLf;ftpy;iy rlh nudf; fjT jpwe;jJ. ,yq;if ehafp fjTf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNyNa epd;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ ,t;tsT rLjpapy; fjT jpwgl tha;gN ; gapy;iy. jpwe;j fjT ehd;F mq;Fyq; fs; kl;LNk jpwe;jJ. fjTf;Fk; epiyf;Fk; ,ilNa cl;Gw khf xd;Wf;F ,uz;lhf ,uz;L rq;fpypfs; ,izf;fg;gl; bUe;jd. me;j eha; fPr;rpLk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ. jpwe;j fjT ,ilntspf;Fs;shy; %f;Ff; fz;zhbazpe;j ,yq;if ehafpapd; fz;fs; vd;idg; ghu;j;jd.

rQ;rpifiaAk; gj;jpupif xd;iwAk; ju ehd; vz;zpr; rpy;yiwfs; nfhLj;Njd;. rpy;yiwfis thq;fpf;nfhz;L nghbad;fs; Gwg;gLk;NghJ vdf;F me;j vz;zk; jpBnudj; Njhd;wpaJ. ehd; me;jg; nghbad;fisg; ghu;j;J \\jk;gp ,Q;r Vohk; ek;gupy GJrh Mf;fs; te;jpUf;fpdk;> mq;f NghdPqf ; sh?|| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. nghbad;fs; gpNuf; mbj;J epd;whu;fs;.

\\vf;];fpA+N] Kth Nklk;> cq;fpl ngau; uh[uj;jpdk; ,yq;if ehafpah?|| fjtpd; ,Lf;F topNa gjpy; VJk; tutpy;iy. \\,yq;if ehafp vz;l NgUf;F te;j fbjk; xz;L vd;u ngl;bf;f fple;jJ. jghy;fhup khwpg; Nghl;Ll; lhs; Nghy|| vd;W fbjj; ijf; fjT ,Lf;if Nehf;fp ePl;bNdd;. \\fbjj;ijf; nfhz;LNgha; vd;u jghy; ngl;bf;Fs;s NghLq;Nfh|| vd;W ,yq;if ehafp nrhd;dJk; fjT rhj;jg;gl;lJk; xNu Neuj;jpy; epfo;e;jd. xU Qhapw;Wf;fpoik ehd; gfy; Jhf;fj;jpypUe;jNghJ miog;G kzp xypj;jJ. khjj;jpd; Kjy; QhapW. vq;fsJ FbapUg;Gg; gFjpf;F ,af;fg; nghbad;fs; gj;jpupiffs; tpw;fTk; gzk; Nru;f; fTk; tUk; ehs;. ehd; vOe;J nrd;W fjitj; jpwe;jJk; vdJ ifiag; gw;wpf; FYf;fpathNw ,uz;L nghbad; fSk; cs;Ns te;J mku;e;jhu;fs;;. \\nrhy;Yq;f jk;gpat> ehl;by vd;d Gjpdk;?|| vd;W ehd; mtu;fs; vjpNu mku;e;jthNw Nfl;Nld;. \\nrhd;dh ePqf ; s; vd;d cjtpah nra;ag; NghwPqf ; s;|| vd;W mtu;fspy; xUtd; frg;Gld; nrhy;y> kw;wtd; vd;id tY jPtpukhfg; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl \\mz;zd;> ,g;g cyf ehLfs; vy;yhk; vq;fpl Nghuhl;lj;jf; ftdpf;FJ. jkpoPo muR mikQ;rpw;WJ. vq;fsl;l Kg;gilAkpUf;F> xU ePjp epu;thfk; ,Uf;F> fhty;Jiw ,Uf;F> tq;fp ,Uf;F. vq;fpl muir cyfk; mq;fPfupf;fpwJjhd; kpr;rk;. cq;fsg; Nghy Mf;fs vy;yhk; ,e;j Neuj;jpy vq;fSf;F cjtp nra;a NtZk;.|| vd;whd; ehd; mtu;fisg; ghu;j;J vdJ Kfj;ijg; ghtkhf itj;jthNw \\jk;gp ePq;fs; vd;d nrhd;dhYk; jhwJf;F vd;dl;lf; fhrpy;y. ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; Ngg;gUfisj; jhq;Nfh mJf;F kl;Lk; fhRjhwd;|| vd;Nwd;. mtu;fs; vd;dplk; xU

\\vd;d Ngu;?|| \\,yq;if ehafp|| \\rpq;fsg; Ngu; khjpupnay;Nyh fplf;F|| \\,y;iyj; jk;gp jkpo;jhd;. ,yq;if ehafp vz;lJ jkpo;g; Ngu;jhd;> rpq;fsnkz;lh yq;fhuhzpnaz;ly;Nyh Ngu; ,Uf;Fk;.|| nghbad;fs; ntspNa NghdJk; ehd; fjitr; rhj;jptpl;L cs;Ns epd;W fjtpy; ,Uf;Fk; ntspNa ghu;f;Fk; Jthuk; topahf ntspNa elg;gij mtjhdpj;Njd;. me;jg; nghb ad;fs; Vohk; ,yf;ff; fjtUNt Ngha; epd;W miog;G kzpapy; if itf;fTk; fjT rlhnudj; jpwe;jJ. nghbad;fs; cs;Ns ghuj;Jg; NgRtJ njupe;jJ. Mdhy; mtu; fs; NgRtJ ,q;Nf vdf;Ff; Nfl;fhJ. jpwe;j Ntfj;jpNyNa ,yq;if ehafpapd; fjT %lg;gl;lJ. ehd; nky;y vdJ fjitj; jpwe;J ntspNa te;J ,af;fg; nghbad;fsplk; \\jk;gp kDrp vd;d nrhd;dJ?|| vdf; Nfl;Nld;. xU nghbad; rypj;Jf;nfhz;Nl \\kDrp fjNt jpwf;fkhl;ld; vz;L nrhy;ypg; Nghl;LJ. ,af;fg; gj;jpupif thq;Fq;Nfh vz;L Nfl;lJf;F Ngg;giuf; nfhz;L Ngha;f; filapy NghLq;Nfh thq;Fwd;> tPli ; l tuf; $lhJ vz;L nrhy;ypg;Nghl;LJ|| vd;W nrhy;y> mLj;jtd; \\,yq;if

ehafp vz;lJ kDrpf;Fg; fplf;FJ|| vd;whd;.

nghUj;jkhd

Nguhj;jhd;

vd;w gjpy; te;jJk; fjT %lg;gl;lJk; xNu Neuj;jpy; epfo;e;jd.

vdf;F ,yq;if ehafp Nky; nkJ nkJthf Mu;tk; Fiw ayhapw;W. Vnddpy; mJf;F NkNy jiyNghfpw gpur;rpid fnsy;yhk; vd;idr; R+o ele;Jnfhz;bUe;jd. gpuhd;]py; thOk; xU ,yl;rk; jkpou;fspy; vdf;F ,yq;if ehafpAk; xUtuhdhu;. vg;NghjhtJ mtu; vjpu;g;gl NeupLifapy; ehd; tzf;fk; nrhy;tJk; mtu; jiyairg; gJk; njhlu;e; jJ. ehd; Gd;diff;Fk;NghJ mtu; vdf;Fj; jhd; jiyairf;fpwhuh my;yJ vg;NghJNk ifapypUf;Fk; jdJ ehNahL jiyairj;J mtu; nry;yk; nfhQ;Rfpwhuh vd;W vdf;F tutur; re;NjfkhapUe;jJ.

mJ =yq;fhtpy; Aj;jk; cf;fpukhf ele;Jnfhz;bUe;j Neuk;. Gypfspd; tpkhdq;fs; nfhOk;gpy; Fz;L tPrpajhfr; nra;jpfs; te;Jnfhz;bUe;j NeukJ.

xUehs; vdJ miog;G kzp xypf;ff; Nfl;L ehd; fjitj; jpwe;jNghJ mq;Nf ,yq;if ehafp epd;wpUe;jhu;. ehd; \\cs;Sf;f thq;f mf;fh|| vd;W $g;gpl;Ltpl;L miwf;Fs; te;J epd;Nwd;. mtu; Xub Kd;dhy; te;J jpwe;jpUe;j fjitg; gpbj;jthNw epd;whu;. vdf;Fk; mtUf;Fk; ,ilNa ,Ue;j Nkirapy; vdJ rpfnul; ngl;bfple;jJ. vjw;F ,tu; vd;dplk; te;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;W ehd; kz;iliaf; frf; fpathNw rpfnul; ngl;bia vLf;f Xub Kd;dhy; nrd;w NghJ ,yq;if ehafp gjwpg;Ngha; gpd;dhy; efu;e;J ntspNanrd;whu;. \\ehd; kQ;rs; FUtpa Nug; nra;ag; Nghwdhf;Fk; mJjhd; gag;gpLwh|| vd;W Mj;jpuj;Jld; ehd; kdjpw;Fs; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl xU rpfnul;il vLj;Jg; gw;w itj;Jf;nfhz;L ehw;fhypapy; cl;fhu;e;Njd;. mtu; vd;idg; ghu;j;J mt;thW gjwpabj;jJ vdf;Ff; nfhQ;rk; mtkhdkhAkpUe;jJ. ,yq;if ehafp kWgbAk; Kd;dhy; te;J fjitg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L epd;whu;. \\md;udpjhrd; ePq;fs; vdf;nfhU cjtp nra;tPq;fsh?|| vd;Dila ngau; vg;gb ,tUf;Fj; njupAk;..? rup mtUk; jghw; ngl;bapy; ghu;j;jpUg;ghu;Nghy vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;Nl \\nrhy;Yq;Nfh mf;fh vd;d nra;a NtZk;|| vd;W Nfl;Nld;. \\vdf;Fr; rupahd Rfkpy;yhky; fplf;FJ. ntspa Nghf Vyhkf; fplf;F. iyyhTf;F rhg;ghL thq;fNtZk; thq;fpf;nfhz;Lte;J jUtPq;fsh vd;W Nfl;lhu;. ehd; jiyahl;baJk; mtu; nkJthf ele;J te;J ifapy; itj;jpUe;j gzj;ijAk; czTg; nghUl;fspd; ngau;fs; vOjg;gl;bUe;j jhisAk; Nkirapd; tpspk;gpy; itj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;whu;. ehd; eha;f;fhd czTg; nghUl;fis thq;fpf;nfhz;L tUk;NghJ ,yq;if ehafp vd;d rhg;gpLthu;> mtUf;F VJk; Njitapy;iyah? vd Nahrpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl te;Njd;. ,yq;if ehafpapd; fjtpd; Kd;dhy; epd;W ehd; miog;G kzpapy; if itj;jJk; ehd; vjpu;ghu;j;jJ NghyNt fjT clNd jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. me;j ehd;F mq;Fy ,ilntspf; Fs;shy; ehd; nghUl;fis xt;ntd;whf vLj;Jf; nfhLf;f ,yq;if ehafp xt;nthd;whf thq;fp itj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. ehd; mj;NjhL te;jpUe;jhy; kupahij. ehd; Ngr;ir tsu;fF ; k; Mu;tj;jpy; \\ehl;by; vd;d nra;jpnaz;L VjhtJ mwpQ;rpaNsh|| vdf; Nfl;Nld;. \\vdf;F xz;Lk; njupahJ.

ehd; ,yq;if ehafpapd; cly;epiy Fwpj;J VjhtJ Nfl;bUe;jhy; mtu; gjpy; nrhy;ypapUf;fyhk; vd epidj; Jf;nfhz;Nld;. nfhLk;gdp nfhl;bf;nfhz;bUe;j fhykJ. Gy;ntspfs; vy;yhk; gdpg; ghiyfshf khwpapUe;jd. [dtup khjj;jpy; fpspnehr;rpia ,uhZtk; ifg;gw;wptpl;ljhfr; nra;jpfs; te;jd. ngg;utup> khu;r>; Vg;uy; vd vy;yh khjq;fSNk mtyr; nra;jpfSld; gpwe;J kbe;JNghapd. Nk khjj; njhlf;fj;jpy; Fspu; kbaj; njhlq;fpw;W. ehd; fPo;j;jsj;J thrw;gbapy; Fe;jpapUe;jNghJ ,yq;if ehafp Rkf;f Kbahj RikAld Jhuj;Nj ele;J tUtJ njupe;jJ. ehd; vOe;J mtiu Nehf;fp ele;Njd;. mtupd; ifspy; ,Ue;j ,uz;L igfs; epiwag; ghz; Jz;lq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mtupd; gpd;Nd iyyh nkJthf ele;J te;Jnfhz;b Ue;jJ. ehd; mtupd; iffspypUe;j igfis thq;fpf; nfhz;Nld;. ypg;by; NghFk;NghJ ehd; ,yq;if ehafpaplk; \\vJf;F ,t;tsT ghz;?|| vd;W Nfl;Lr; rpupj;Njd;. ,yq;if ehafp jdJ ehthy; cjLfis <ug;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L \\FspUf;f epz;L vq;fpl gps;isas; Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUf;FJfs;. mJfSf;F rhz;l;tpr; nra;Jnfhz; LNgha;f; FLf;fg; Nghwd;|| vd;whu;. ehd; ,yq;if ehafpapd; fjTtiu nrd;W ghz; Jz;lq;fs; epiwe;j igfisf; fPNo jiuapy; RtNuhL rha;j;J itj;Njd;. ,yq;if ehafp ehd; mq;fpUe;J efUk;tiu fhj;jpUe;Jtpl;L> jdJ fjitj; jpwe;J igfis ,Oj;Jf;nfhz;L cs;Ns Nghdhu;. iyyh cs;Ns Eioe;jJk; fjT %lg;gl;lJ. ehd; ,uT njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; nra;jpfisg; ghu;jJ ; f;nfhz; bUe;jNghJ <oj; jkpou;fs; ghup]; efupy; <gps; NfhGuj;jpd; fPNo ehw;gJ ehl;fshfj; njhlu;e;J elj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; fhz;gpj;jhu;fs;. NkNyapUe;J xspg;gjpT nra;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. vg;gbAk; Kg;gjhapuk; rdj;Jf;Ff; FiwahJ vd epidf;fpNwd;. ,g;NghJ njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; ,yq;if ehafp Njhd;wpdhu;. mtupd; ifapy; gpughfudpd; glk; ,Ue;jJ. nra;jpahsuplk; mtu; gpuQ;R nkhopapy; Jy;ypakhfg; Ngrpdhu;. \\,yq;ifapy; Nghiuj; jLj;J epWj;jp mq;Nf tpkhdj; jhf;Fjy;fshYk; nfhj;Jf; Fz;Lf shYk; nfhy;yg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; jkpo; kf;fisf; fhg; ghw;Wq;fs;> xU jhahff; Nfl;fpNwd;..ru;tNjrNk vdJ gps;isfisf; fhg;ghw;W|| vd;W tpk;kpa Fuypy; Ngrpdhu; ,yq;if ehafp. NgRk;NghJ mtupd; cly; gjwpf;nfhz;b Ue;jJ. mtupd; iffs; njhiyf;fhl;rpr; nra;jpahsiu mbg;gJNghy Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; Ngha;te;jd. mtu; xU epkplj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthfj;jhd; NgrpapUg;ghu;. Mdhy; mt

36 upd; FuYk; XyKk; Nfl;gtu;fspd; Md;khit cYf;ff; $bait. ,yq;if ehafp jdJ Ngr;ir Kbf;Fk;NghJ jdJ ifapypUe;j glj;ij caNu Jhf;fpf;fhl;b \\vq;fs; jiytu; gpughfud; vd;whu;. mg;NghJ mtuJ Fuy; fzPnud xypj;jJ. md;W Nk vl;lhk; Njjp. mjw;Fg; gpd;G xU khjk; fope;jpUf;Fk;> ehd; vdJ fjitj; jpwe;J ypg;il Nehf;fpr; nrd;wNghJ mq;Nf ehAld; ypg;Lf;fhff; fhj;jpUe;jhu; ,yq;if ehafp. ypg;l; fjTfs; Kbf;nfhz;ld. ,UtUk; xNujsj;jpy; gf;fj;Jg; gf;fj;J tPLfspy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;> Mdhy; ek;Kila Ngr;R thu;j;ijfs; vd;dNth ypg;by;jhd; elf;fpd;wd. ,af;fKk; murhq;fKk; nrhe;j ehl;by; Ngrhky; Kd;whtJ ehnlhd; wpy; Ngrpf;nfhs;tJNghy ekf;F ypg;l; Kd;whtJ jsk;. \\mf;fht nfhQ;r ehisf;F nra;jpapy; ghu;j;jdhd;.”

Kd;dk;

ehd;

gpuQ;Rr;

,yq;if ehafp nkJthfj; jiyairj;jhu;. mJ eha;f;fh my;yJ vdf;fh vd;gJ njupatpy;iy. ehd; mtupd; Kfj;ij cw;Wg; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl \\ifapyapUe;j glj;ij nay;yhk; Jhf;fpf;fhl;b mbf;Fkhg;Nghy NgrpdPq;fs;.” vd;Nwd;. ,yq;if ehafp cjl;ilr; Ropj;J NkNy ghu;jJ ; f;nfhz;Nl \\me;jg; glNkh> mJ gpughfuNdh vd;dNth vz;L nrhd; dhq;fs;” vd;whu;. ypg;l; fjT jpwe;jJk; ,yq;if ehafp fhy;fis mfy itj;J ele;J ntspNaNghdhu;. eha; mtupd; gpd;dhNy Xbw;W. ehd; ypg;bw;Fs; mg;gbNa epd;wpUe;Njd;. ypg;l; %bf;nfhz;lJ. New;W ehd; ntspNa ngUk; rj;jq;fisf; Nfl;L \\yPT ehspy$lg; gLf;f tpLwhq;fspy;iy” vdj; jpl;bf;nfhz;Nl gLf;ifapypUe;J vOe;Njd;. Neuk; fhiy gj;Jkzpahfpap Ue;jJ. fjitj; jpwe;J ntspNa vd;d rj;jk; vdg; ghu;j;Njd;. ,yq;if ehafpapd; fjT Kd;Nd $l;lkhap Ue;jJ. nghyp]hu; te;J fjit cilj;Jf; nfhz;b Ue;jhu;fs;. mq;Nf epd;wpUe;j Mwhk; ,yf;fj;jpy; Fbap Uf;Fk; me;j Mgpupf;fg; ngz;kzpaplk; \\vd;d tprak;?” vd;W Nfl;Nld;. jhd; ,uz;L %d;W ehl;fsh fNt Vohk; ,yf;f tPl;bd; cs;NsapUe;J Ju;ehw;wk; tPR tij czu;e;jjhfTk; ,d;W Ju;ehw;wk; msTf;F kPwpg; NghfNt jhd; nghyp]hUf;F mwptpj;jjhfTk; mtu; nrhd;dhu;. ehd; vd; ehrpia tpupj;J Mokhf %r;ir ,Oj; J tpl;Nld;. mg;gb xU Ju;ehw;wj;ijAk; ehd; czutpy; iy. ehd; vg;NghJ filrpahf ,yq;if ehafpiaf; fz;Nld; vd;gJ vdf;Fr; rupahf Qhgfj;jpy; tu kWj;jJ. MdhYk; fle;j gj;Jg; gjpide;J ehl;fshfNt ehd; mt iuf; fhztpy;iy vd;gJ vdf;F ciwj;jJk; vdf;F neQ;Rf;Fs; jz;zPu; tw;wpg;Nghapw;W. fjT cilf;fg;gl;lJk; nghyprhu; me;jg; gFjpia ahUk; neUq;fhjthW rptg;Gg; gpsh];bf; ehlhf;fisf; FWf;Nf fl;bdhu;fs;. cs;Ns ,yq;if ehafpapd; cly; fz;Lgpbf; fg;gl;lJ. mtu; ,we;J gj;J ehl;fshfpapUf;fyhk; vdr; nrhd;dhu;fs;. ehd; xU nghyp];fhuidf; $g;gpl;L mtdp lk; nky;ypa Fuypy; \\cs;Ns xU ehAk; ,Ue;jJ mJ

capNuhL ,Uf;fpwjh vdg; ghUq;fs;” vd;Nwd;.

cs;Ns Nghd nghyp];fhud; jpUk;gpte;J vd;id Vw ,wq;fg; ghu;j;Jtpl;L \\cs;Ns eha; vJTk; ,y;iy” vd;whd;. \\mJTk; nrj;jpUf;fyhk;” vd;Nwd;. \\vy;yhk; Njbg; ghu;j;jhapw;W mg;gbnay;yhk; vJTkpy; iy” vd;whd; nghyp];fhud;. ,yq;if ehafpapd; cly; gpsh];bf; igapy; nghjpag;gl;L ntspNa vLj;Jtug;gl;lJ. ehd; fz;fis ,Wf Kbf; nfhz;Nld;. ypg;Lf;Fs; mtu;fs; ,yq;if ehafpapd; cliy itf;Fk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJ. ehd; fz;fisj; jpwe;jNghJ ypg;l; Ngha;tpl;bUe;jJ. ehd; nky;y ele;J vdJ fjitj; jpwe;J cs;Ns te;J gLf;ifapy; tpOe;Njd;. gLf;ifapy; mg;gbNa fz;fis %bathNw fple;Njd;. ,uT VO kzpastpy; kWgbAk; fjitj; jpwe;J ntspNa te;J ghu;j;Njd;. ,g;NghJ ,yq;if ehafpapd; thrypd; Kd;Nd ahUkpy;iy. ehd; nky;y ele;JNgha;g; ghuj;j NghJ cilf;fg;gl;l fjT milf;fg;gl;L nghyp]huhy; rPy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,g;NghJ ehd; Ju;ehw;wj;ij mq;Nf czu;e;Njd;. clNd Mwhk; ,yf;ff; fjitg; Ngha;j; jl;bNdd;. me;j Mgpupf;fg; ngz; fjitj; jpwe;J ntspNa te;jhu;. ehd; gjw;wj;Jld; mtuplk; \\ePq;fs; Ju;ehw;wj;ij czu;fpwPu;fsh?” vdf; Nfl;Nld;. me;jg; ngz; vd;idf; ftiyNahL ghu;j;J \fhiyapNyNa rlyj;ijf; nfhz;LNgha; tpl;lhu;fNs...,g;NghJ Ju;ehw;wk; vJTNkapy;iyNa” vd;whu;. \\mtu;fs; xU rlyj;ij kl;Lk;jhd; nfhz;L nrd;whu;fs;” vd;W ehd; KZKZj;Njd;. me;j Mgpupf;fg; ngz; vd;id ,uf;fj;NjhL ghu;jJ ; \\,we;JNghd me;jg; ngz;kzp cd;Dila ehl;ilr; Nru;ej ; tuh?” vdf; Nfl;lhu;. ehd; Mk; vd;W jiyahl;bNdd;. \\ePq;fs; ve;j ehl;ltu;fs;?” vd me;jg; ngz; Nfl;fTk; \\=yq;fhNth vd;dNth xU Ngu;” vd;W nrhd;Ndd;. vdJ %is KOtJk; iyyhTf;F vd;d ele;jJ vd;w Nfs;tpNa epuk;gpapUe;jJ. me;j ehia ,yq;if ehafp iaj; jtpu NtW ahUk; nfhd;wpUf;fNth mopj;jpUf;fNth tha;g;gpy;iy vd;W jpBnud vd; kdjpy; xU vz;zk; Njhd;wpaJ. mij ehd; ek;gTk; Muk;gpj;Njd;. Muk;gk; KjNy ,yq;if ehafp kPJ vdJ mb kdjpNy kz;bf; fple;j re;NjfKk; ntWg;Gk; ,g;NghJ KOtJkhfj; jpuz;L NkNy tuyhapw;W. kQ;rs; FUtp xU ntz;zpw ehiaf; nfhd;wJ. mJjhd; ,e;jf; fijapd; Muk;gpj;jpNyNa ehd; nrhd;NdNd> ,e;jf; fijnrhy;ypapd; kdJ tf;fpuj;jhy; epuk;gpapf;fpwJ!

T.Jegatheesan

Barrister,Solicitor & Notary Public (ON)

2620 Eglinton Ave. E # 201 Scarborough ON Canada

T: 416 266 6154 | F: 416 266 4677

vij ehd; cdf;Fj; jpUg;gpj; jUtJ? Ntl;ifapy; tpisAk; Nfhgj;ijah? Fspu; cyu;j;jp tPrpa Gd;difiaah? fzpdpapy; gfpu;e;j fhkr;Ritapd; xspg; gjpitah? vij ehd; cdf;Fj; jpUg;gpj; jUtJ? Nerj;ijah? mJ jpUk;gp tuhjJ vd;W njupe;jhYk; mjd; KiwaPl;ilah? fz;zPUk; mw;Wg; Nghdgpd; tUfpw ntWg;igah? my;yJ md;gpd; tb epyk; frg;G vd;fpw fl;by; Qhdj;ijah? Kwpe;j cwtpd; tPupakw;w jPf;fdiyah? vg;gb cd;dplk; jpUk;gp tUtJ? miye;JoYk; Kfpy;fspy; xspe;jpUf;Fk; Kfq;fspd; gpd;dhy; ele;J tuth? gdpg; Gaypy; fg;gy; ftpo top jg;gp kpje;j mfjpapd; epoNyhL te;J cd; fjitj; jl;lth? vy;iyaw;Wg; ngUfpa cd; md;gpd; ,iofis gpd;d kWj;j vd; kyu;f; fuq;fis ntl;b mDg;gth? kJf;fpz;zq;fspy; nghq;Fk; fdTfis ePu; mwpahJ ePupy; fue;JiwAk; tz;zq;fis ehk; mwpNahk; Nghb> Ngh.

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zpfu; vd;w `k;rhtjp Mw;wpd; fiuapy; cs;s efupid glrhuh Mz;Lte;jhd;. me;j Mw;wpd; tlfpof;fpy; epg;gh vd;w ngupa Muz;ak; xd;wpUe; jJ. mq;Nf rpye;jptiy Nghy kuq;fs; xd;NwhL xd;W ,ize;J xd;W Nru;e;jpUe;jd. MfNt mij fle;J nry;tJ xU rthyhf ,Ue;jJ. me;j tdj;ij gw;wp vz;zpf;ifaw;w fijfs; ,Ue;jd. tdj;jpd; Clhf jpUkzk; xd;wpw;fhf kzg; ngz;iz mioj;J nrd;w fhzPFy $l;lk; xd;W ntspNaw topnjupahky; gyMz;Lfs; fhl;bd; cs;shfNt miye;J jpupe;jdu; vd;Wk; me;j kzg;ngz; tajhfp fhl;bd; cs;NsNa nrj;JNghdhs; vd;Wk; mtsJ rNfhju;fs; ,Utu; Kjpu;eJ ; gOj;j ,iy Nghyhfp fhl;bypUe;J vg;gbNah ntspNa te;J Nru;e;jdu;. Mdhy; rhFk;tiu mtu;fs; aNuhLk; xU thu;ji ; j Ngrhky; fz;zuP ; tbj;jgbNa ,Ue;jdu; vd;Wk; kf;fs; nrhd;dhu;fs;. me;j fhl;bd; cs;Ns xU gwit$l fpilahJ. kpUfq; fSk; rg;jkpLtJ fpilahJ. mq;Fs;s Fifnahd;wpy; nf~h vd;w jpUlDk; mtdJ gps;isfSk; tho;e;J tUfpwhu;fs; vdTk;> me;j fhl;by; tpghrp vd;w ngsj;j gpf;F xUtd; gy Mz;L fhykhf xNu kuj;jbapy; cl; fhu;e;J Mfhrj;ij ghu;j;jgbNa ,Ug;gjhfTk; fijfs; nrhy;yg;gl;ld. ,e;j fijfis ek;ghj rpyu; Muz;aj;ij fle;J nry;y Kad;W ntsptuhky; ,we;J NghapUf;fp whu;fs;. md;wpypUe;J rpuhtjpf;F nry;Yk; kf;fs; fhl;bid tpyf;fpNa fle;J Nghapdu;. tdj;jpy; vtUk; Eioe;Jtplh jgbNa ,uz;L gf;fKk; fhty; tPuu;fs; jLg;G muzpl;L fhty; Gupe;J te;jdu;. glrhuhtpd; muz;kidf;F xUehs; rP`h vd;w Kjpagpf; Fzp mtiu fhz te;jpUe;jhs;. glrhuh mtis tu

...glrhuhthy; ek;gKbatpy;iy. ,j;jid Mz;Lfhyk; ,e;j tpUl;rq;fspd; mbapy; fhj;jpUe;Jk; mtu; ,d;dKk; nrhu;f;fj;ij fhzNtapy;iyah.? mtu; ahUf;fhf fhj;jp Uf;fpwhu; vd;W Gupahky; mtiuNa ghu;j;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. gpf;Fzp jdJ FUit NghyNt jhDk; Mfhrj;ij Vwpll; gbNa mUfpy; cl;fhu;eJ ; nfhz;lhs;...

Ntw;W mUs; ciufs; mUSkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhu;. mtNsh jhd; epg;ghtdj;jpd; cs;Ns Nghf tpUk;Gtjh fTk; glrhuhtpd; tPuu;fs; mij jLj;jp epWj;jptpl;ljhfTk; nrhd;dhs;. me;j fhl;bd; cs;Ns nrd;wtu; vtUk; ntspNa jpUk;gpaNj apy;iy. vjw;fhf mq;Nf Nghf tpUk;GfpwPu;fs; vd;W glrhuh Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F rP`h vd;w gpf;Fzp tdj;jpd; cs;Ns tpghrp vd;w Jwtp ia juprdk; nra;tjw;fhf jhd; mtrpak; NghNa Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;whs;. tpghrp vjw;fhf me;j Muz;aj; jpy; ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;W glrhuh Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F rP`h vd;w gpf;Fzp mq;Nf ,uz;L tpUl;rq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Njhw;wj;jpy; xd;W Nghy cs;s me;j ,uz;L kuq;fSk; kpf caukhdit. ,uz;Lk; Gj;ju; gpwe;j mNj ehspy; cyfpy; Njhd;wpait. mtuJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; mit $lNt tsu;e;jpUf;fpd;wd. mjd; cauk; ,g;NghJ ,Ugj;jpnahd;gjhapuj;J ,UE}w;W ,UgJ mbfs;. mjhtJ Gj;jupd; nkhj;j tho;ehs;fspd; vz;zpf; ifAk; mjd; cauKk; xd;W. ,e;j ,uz;L

36 tpUl;rj;jpy; xd;wpd; cauj;jpy; Vwp epd;why; nrhu;f;fj;ij fhz KbAk; vd;Wk; ,d; ndhU tpUl;rj;jpy; Vwpdhy; efuk; njd;gLk; vd;Wk; ek;gpf;ifap Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ve;j kuj;jpy; Vwpdhy; nrhu;f;fk; njupAk;. vjpy; Vwpdhy; efuk; njupAk; vd;W kuq;fis ghu;j;J ve;j milahs Kk; njupe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. Vwp cr;rpia mile;jhy; kl;LNk mwpa KbAk;. Mdhy; mg;gb kuNkwpa vtUk; ,Jtiu fPNo tuNtapy;iy vd;whs; glrhuhthy; ek;gNtKbatpy;iy. nrhu;f;fk; eufk; vg;gbapUf;Fk; vd;W capNuhL ,Ue;jgbNa fz;zhy; ghu;ff ; KbAkh. mJ ep[khdJjhdh vd;w tpag;NghL me;j kuj;jpy; Vwp tpghrp nrhu;f;fk; eufk; ,uz;ilAk; fz;bUf;fpwhuh vd;W Nfl;lhu;. rP`h vd;w gpf;Fzp Mkhk; mjd; nghUl;Nl jhd; me;j tdj;jpDs; Ngha; me;j kfhid juprpf;f tpUk;Gtjhf nrhd;dhs;. glrhuh jhDk; mtSld; tUtjhf nrhy;yp clNd Vw;ghLfis Jtq;f Mizapl;lhs;. gpf;Fzp mij kWj;J gilgl;lhsq;fSld; Eioe;jhy; fhl;bd; mikjp nfl;LtpLk; MfNt glrhuh tpUk;gpdhy; mtid kl;LNk jhd; mioj;JNghf KbAk; vd;whs;. glrhuh md;wpunty;yhk; Nahrpj;jhd;. kWehs; fhiy mur nghWg;ig mtdJ jk;gp epFe;jdplk; xg;gilj;Jtpl;L rP`hTld; tdj;ij Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;lhd;. kd;du; vjw;fhf jpBnud fhdfk; nry;fpwhu; vd;W vtUf;FNk Gupatpy;iy. glrhuh ,ijg; gw;wp jdJ kidtp gps;isfsplk; $l nrhy; ypf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mtu;fs; epg;ghd tdj; jpid mile;j NghJ ,uT Jtq;fpapUe;jJ. glrhuh td Kfg;gpy; cs;s xU ,be;j klh yak; xd;wpy; jq;fp Nghfyhk; vd;whd;. gpf;F zpNah tdj;ij ,utpy; flg;gJ vspjhdJ vd;W nrhy;yp mtid cs;Ns mioj;J nfhz;L Nghdhs;. mtu;fs; tlfpof;F jpirapy; elf;f Jtq;fpdhu;fs;. Mfhrj;jpy; md;W epiwa el; rj;jpuq;fs;. mitAk; mtu;fs; $lNt fhl;bw; Fs; te;Jnfhz;bUe;jd. ,Us; ePuiy Nghy mtu;fs; Kd;dhy; jJk;gp Ngha;f;nfhz;bU e;jJ. tpbfhiy tiu mtu;fs; nkJthfNt ele;jdu;. tpbfhiyapy; tdk; tpopj;Jnfhz;lJ. fhl;rpfs; khwj;Jtq;fpd glrhuh jd;Kd;Nd nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpf;Fzpia ghu;j;jhd;. mtSf;F jd; jhapd; taijtpl mjpf kpUf;ff;$Lk;. Mdhy; Xa;T vLf;fhky; ele;J miye;J nfhz;NlapUf;fpwhs; vd;W tpae;jgbNa mts; gpd;dhb ele;jhd;. MWehl;fs; mtu;fs; fhl;bd; cs;shfNt ele;J jpupe;jdu;. kpf caukhd kuk; vd;why; mJ njhiytpy; ,Ue;jhYk; njupe;JtpLk; jhNd vd;W glrhuh Nfl;lhd;. gpf;Fzp gjpy; Ngrhky; ele;jhs;. mtu;fs; ,we;J fple;j kdpj vYk;G fis fle;J fhl;bd; cs;Gwj;jpw;Fs; ele;jdu;. fhL kpf mikjpahf ,Ue;jJ. fha;e;J Nghd ,iyfs; xd;iw $l fhztpy;iy. NtW ve;j tdj;jpYk; fhzKb ahjgb <uKk; gRikAk; mlu;e;J NghapUe;jJ. glrhuh ghiwfspd; kPNjwp ,wq;fp ele;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;. Nfhil fhyk; KOtJk; mtu;fs; ele;J nfhz;NlapUe;jdu;. fhl;L

goq;fis gpLq;fp jpd;wgbAk;. Mq;fhq;Nf ghiwfspy; gLj;J cwq;fptpopj;J ele;jgbNa ,Ue;jdu;. fhw;Wjhd; fhl;il Ms;fpwJ vd;gij glrhuh rpy ehl;fspy; Gupe;J nfhz;Ltpl;lhd; glrhuhtpw;F Muk;g ehl;fspy; ,Ue;j MirAk; cj;Nt fKk; nky;y tbe;J Nghf Jtq;fpaJ. mtd; vupr;rNyhL ep[khfNt tpghrp vd;w Jwtp ,Uf;fpwhdh vd;W Nfl;lhd;. gpf;Fzp mjw;Fk; gjpy; nrhy;yNtapy;iy. mtu;fs; jpUk;g Tk; ele;J nfhz;Nlap Ue;jdu;. fhL cUkhwpf; nfhz; Nlap Ug;gij glrhuh ghu;j;jhd;. cjpu;fhyk; Ngha; kiof; fhyk; Jtq;fpaJ. mtu;fs; cUtk; jsu;e;J fhl;L tpyq; fpd; rhaiy nfhz;bUe;jJ. Muk;g ehl;fspy; topnay; yhk; glrhuh Ngrpf; nfhz;Nl te;jhd;. ,g;NghJ mtd; NgRtNjapy;iy.

kfhnksdj;Jld; mtd; fz;fs; jiuia ghu;j;jgbNa ele;J te;jd. mtu;fs; fhw;W EiotijNghy kpf ,ay;ghf fhl;bDs; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jdu;. fhl;Lnfh bfs;> Kwpe;j tpUl;rq;fis fle;J Kd;nrd;wdu;. kio gfyputhf nga;a Jtq;fpaJ. kioapy; mtu;fs; xJq;fp nfhs;sNtapy;iy. ele;jgbNa ,Ue;jdu;. fhl;by; nga;Ak; kio cuj;jJ. mJ grp jhshj xU mRuid Nghy fj;jp Xa;fpwJ. <ukhd clYld; mtu;fs; kuq;fis jhz;b> Gju;ghijfspy; Vwp,wq;fp rpw;Nwhilfspd; Xuk; fle;J nrd;wdu;. fhL ePz;L nfhz;NlapUe;jJ. Kbtpy; kiof; fhyKk; epiwTw;wJ. fhl;by; gdp nga;a Jtq;fpaJ. fhy;euk;Gfis gdp Rz;b ,Oj;jJ. fz;fs; ciwe;JNgha;tpl;lJ NghypUe;jJ. GUtk; newpfl;baJ Nghy typj;jJ. ghjp fz;fis

kl;LNk jpwf;f KbtJ Nghy Ntjid nfhz;lJ. vtu; ifNah mirj;J nry;Yk; JLg; ngd ,aw;if jd;id Kd;elj;jp $l;bg; Nghtij Nghy glrhuh czu;e;jhd;. topapy; xU tz;zj;JG+r;rp mtid fle;J Nghifapy; xU epkprk; jpUk;gp ghu;j;J nrd;wJ. mJ jd;id eiff;fpwNjh vd glrhuh epidj;jhd;. gdpf;fhyj;jpd; Kbtpy; mtu;fs; ahidg;ghiwapd; kPNjwp aNghJ njhiytpy; ,uz;L kfhtpUl;rq;fis fz;ldu;. gpf;Fzp epd;w ,lj;jpNy kz;bapl;L tzq;fpdhs;. glrhuhthy; ek;gKbatpy;iy. me;j kuq;fs; fz;zpy; mlq;fhjgbNa cau;e;J nrd;W nfhz;NlapUe;jd. mjpy; Vwp NkNy Nghdhy; nrhu;f;fj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;Jtpl KbAk; vd;gJ ep[k; jhd; vd;W njhiytpNy czu;e;jhd;. gpf;Fzp Gd;rpupg;NghL glrhuhit ghu;j;jhs;. mjd; %dW ehs; eilf;F gpwF mtu;fs; me;j ,uz;L tpUl;rq;fspd; mUfhikia mile;jdu;. mij kuk; vd;W nrhy;yp RUf;fptpl KbahJ jhd;. me;j kuj;ij xU Kiw Rw;wptUtjw;F xU ehshfptpLk; Nghy mfd;W ,Ue; jJ. fpisfNs fz;zpy; njd;gltpy;iy. gy Mapuk; tUrkhf mJ tdj;jpy; ,Ue;jpUf;f$Lk;. nrk;gOg;G epw gl;ilfs; ,Wf;f kile;J NghapUe;jd. me;j ,uz;L kuq;fSk; Njhw;wj;jpy; xd;W NghyNt ,Ue;jd. me;j kuj;jpypUe;J eWkzk; frpe;J te;J nfhz;NlapUe;jJ. tpghrp mz;zhe;J ghu;j;jgbNa ,Ue;jhu;. me;j kuq;fspd; rw;W J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;j ruptpy; ePNuhil xd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. mq;Nf Xbr;nrd;W ,wq;fp epd;W kuj;ij Vwpl;L ghu;j;jhd;. mg;NghJk; ghjp kuk; $l njup atpy;iy. me;j kuq;fspd; mbapy; mku;e; jgbNa thid Nehf;fpagbNa ,Ue;j me;j Kjpa Jwtp mtu;fis jpUk;gpghu;f;fNt apy;iy. glrhuh mJ jhd; tpghrp vd;W fz;Lnfhz;lhd;. tpghrp Kjpu;e;J xU tpij NghypUe;jhu;. cly; RUq;fpapUe;jJ. jiy kapu;fs; xl;bg;NghapUe;jd. iffhy;fs; tise;J xLq;fpapUe;jd. glrhuh mtu; Kd;ghf kz;bapl;L tzf;fk; nrhd;dhd;. tpghrp jpUk;gNtapy;iy. gpf;Fzp kzpke;jpuq;fis nrhy;yp mtiu tzq;fp njhOjhs;. rP`h eP te;jpUf;fpwhah vd kpf nky;ypa Fuy; Nfl;lJ. mts; jiy airj;jhs;. cl;fhu;. ,d;Dk; rpy ehl;fspy; kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J nf~h ,wq;fp te;Jtp Lthd;. mLj;j epkprk; ehd; ,e;j kuj;jpd; kPNjwp nrhu;f;fj;ij vl;b ghu;j;JtpLNtd; vd;whu; tpghrp glrhuhthy; ek;gKbatpy;iy. ,j;jid Mz;Lfhyk; ,e;j tpUl;rq;fspd; mbapy; fhj;jpUe;Jk; mtu; ,d;dKk; nrhu;f;fj;ij fhzNtapy;iyah? mtu; ahUf;fhf fhj;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;W Gupahky; mtiuNa ghu;j;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. gpf;Fzp jdJ FUit NghyNt

jhDk; Mfhrj;ij Vwpl;lgbNa mUfpy; cl;fhu;e;J nfhz;lhs;. glrhuhtpw;F clNd me;j kuq;fspy; xd;wpy; Vwp NkNy Ngha; tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Jbg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; gpf;Fzp mtid fhj;jpUf;f nrhd;dhs;. me;j kuq;fspd; mbapy; %tUk; fhj;J nfhz;NlapUe;jdu; gpf;Fzpapd; topahf glrhuh Kd;G ele;j fijfis mwpe;J nfhs;s Jtq;fpdhd;. tpghrpAk; jd;id NghyNt

glrhuhTk; mjd;gpwF fhj;jp Uf;f Jtq;fpdhd;. mtu;fs; %tUk; kuj;jpd; mbapy; mku;e;jgbNa Mfh rj;ij Vwpl;L nfhz;b Ue;jdu;. ,isQdhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; ,e;j tdj;jpw;F te;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,uz;L tpUl;rq; fis Njb miye;J fz;Lgpbj;j NghJ vjpy; Vwpdhy; nrhu;f;fj; jpw;F Nghfyhk; vd;W njupatpy;iy. jd;dplk; ,Ue;j xiyr;Rtb apd;gb ve;j kuj;jpy; VWfpNwhNkh me;j cyfpw;Fs; Eioe;JtpL Nthk;> mq;fpUe;J gpd;G jpUk;gptuNt

36 KbahJ vd;w cz;ik mtUf;F ed;whf Gupe;jpUe;jJ. ,Jtiu mjpy; Vwpa ahUk; jpUk;gp tuNtapy;iy. MfNt vg;gb rupahd kuj;ij fz;Lgpbg; gJ vd;W Gupahky; mtu; kuq;fspd; mbapy; cl;fhu;e;j gbNa Nahrid nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mg;NghJ xU ehs; fhl;by; xspe;Jtho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j jpUldhd nf~h kuk; ntl;l nry;Yk; topapy; mtiu fhz te;jpUe;jhd;. jd;id fz;L me;j Jwtp gak; nfhs;sNtapy;iy vd;gJ mtDf;F tpag;ghf ,Ue;jJ. mtd; Jwtpaplk; vjw;fhf mtu; ,e;j kuq;fspd; mbapy; ehSk; nghOJk; cl;fhu;e;J nfhz;NlapUf;fpwhu; vd;W Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F tpghrp ,it nrhu;f;fk; eufk; ,uz;bw;Fk; nry;Yk; kuq;fs;. ,jpy; Vwpr;nrd;Wtpl;lhy; thd; cyfk; Ngha;tplyhk; vd;whu;. nrhu;ff ; j;jpy; vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nf~h Nfl;lhd;. nrhu;f;fk; eufk; gw;wp $l njupahky; ,Uf;fpwhNd vd;W mtd; mwpahikia fz;L eifj;j gpf;F mtdplk; eP tpUk;gpa mj;jidAk; nrhu;f;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. nghz;Zk; nghUSk; kJTk; kq;ifAk; Vd; ,e;j khdpl tho;tpy; cd;dhy; mDgtpf;f rhj;jp aNk ,y;yhj mj;jidAk; mq;Nf fpilf;f$Lk; vd;whu;. clNd nf~h eufj;jpy; vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W Nfl;lhd;. mJ ,Uz;l cyfk;. jz;lidAk; typANk fpilf;Fk; vd;whu;. ,e;j kuj;jpy; Vwp nrhu;f;fj;jpy; EiotJ rup. mq;fpUe;J ,Nj kuj;jpd; topahf fpNo tu KbAkh vd;W nf~h Nfl;lhd;. cz; ikia nrhy;y tpUg;gkw;W epr;rak; KbAk; vd;whu; gpf;F. mg;gb ahdhy; ,g;NghNj ,e;j kuj;jpy; Vw Jtq;fptpLfpNwd; vd;W nrhd;dhd;. gpf;F mtd; nrhu;f;fj;ij vl;btpl;lhy; ,e;j vOj;jhzpia Nky ,Ue;J fPNo tPrp vwp ehd; milah sk; fz;L nfhs;fpNwd;. xU Ntis eP eufj;ij vl;btpl; lhNyh cdJ fj;jpia fpNo J}f;fp NghL. ehd; Gupe;J nfhs;fpNwd; vd;whu;. jpUld; me;j kuq;fis ghu;j;jgbNa Nahrid nra;jhd;. tpghrp cdf;F gakhf ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mjw;F jpUld; gakpy;iy. cd;id gw;wp Nahrpj;J nfhz;bUe;Njd;. xUNtis ,J ngha;ahf ,Ue;jhy; ehd; fPNo ,wq;fpaJk; cd;id nfhd;WtpL Ntd; rk;kjkh vd;W Nfl;lhd;. tpghrp rk;kjk; njuptpj;jhu;. jpUld; clNd jdJ kuk;ntl;Lk; Nfhlhupia mq;NfNa itj;J tpl;L ,lg;Gwk; ,Ue;j kuj;jpy; tpLtpL ntd Vwj;Jtq;fpdhd;. ,d;W tiu mtd; fPNo tu Ntapy;iy. me;j kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOj;jhzpNah> fj;jpNah fPNo tpoNtapy;iy. nf~htpw;F vd;d MdJ vd;W tpghrpf;F Gupatpy;iy. xUNtis ,d;dKk; mtd; kuNkwpf; nfhz;NlapUf;fpwhNdh vd;dNth vd;whs; gpf;Fzp. glrhuhthy; ek;gKbatpy;iy. Mdhy; jpUld; tpl;L nrd;w Nfhlhup ntspwpg;Ngha;> KidkOq;fp mNj ,lj;jpy; mg;gbNa ,Ue;jJ. jpUlid Njb mtd; kidtp gps;isfs; tutpy;iyah vd;W glrhuh Nfl;lhd;. mtu;fSf;F jpUld; nrhu;f;fj;ij Njb nrd;wJ njupahJ vd;whs; gpf;Fzp. tpghrp mz;zhe;J ghu;j;jgbNa ,Ue;jhu;. ve;jNeuKk; thdpy; ,Ue;J fj;jpNah> vOj;jhzpNah fpNo tpoe;JtpLk;. clNd jhd; nrhu;ff ; j;ij Nehf;fp Vw Jtq;fp

tplyhk; vd;w ek;gpf;if mtuJ fz;fspy; xspu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ glrhuhTk; mjd;gpwF fhj;jpUf;f Jtq;fpdhd;. mtu;fs; %tUk; kuj;jpd; mbapy; mku;e;jgbNa Mfhrj; ij Vwpl;L nfhz;b Ue;jdu;. thdpy; ,Ue;J ve;j mjpra Kk; tuNtapy;iy. ,g;gb fhj;jpUg;gjw;F gjpyhf jhNd xU kuj;jpy; Vwp ghu;j;Jtpl;lhy; vd;dntd xU ehs; tyg; Gwk; ,Ue;j kuj;jpy; Mj;jpuj;Jld; Vwj;Jtq;fpdhd; glrhuh. Mdhy; nfhQ;r cauj;jpd; gpwF mt Df;F gak; gpbj;J nfhz;lJ. xUNtis ,e;j kuk; jd;id eufj;jpy; nfhz;LNgha;tpl;Ltpl;lhy; vd;dnra;tJ. mr;rj;jpy; kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J mg;gbNa jhtp fpNo Fjpj; jhd;. Koq;fhypy; ey;y mb. KJFk; ghiwapy;gl;L typj;jJ. xUthu fhyk; gLj;Nj fple;jhd;. me;j tpUl;rq;rfis fhw;W $l neUq;Ftjpy;iy. mtu;fs; fhj;J nfhz;NlapUe;jdu;. tpghrpapd; fz;fs; xU rpWtid Nghy Vf;fj;Jld; ,Ug;gij gpf;Fzp ftdpj; jhs;. vj;jidNah Mz;Lfhyk; mq;NfNa fhj;Jfplf;fpwhu;. ,d;dKk; thdpy; ,Ue;J miog;G tuNtapy;iy. kPz;Lk; NfhilAk; cjpu;fhyKk; kioAk; gdpAk; mtu;fis fle;J NghdJ. epg;gh tdj;jpw;Fs; nrd;w murd; jpUk;gptu Ntapy;iy vd;gjw; fhf ehl;Lkf;fs; Jf;fk; mD~;bj;jdu. glrhuhtpd; kidtpAk; gps;isfSk; mOJ jPuj ; j ; du;. gpd;G mtu;fSk; mtid kwe;J tho Jtq;fpdu;. ePz;lgy tUrq;fspd; gpwF xUehs; fhiy glrhuh ePNuhilapy; ,Ue;J jhkiu ,iyfspy; jz;zPu; ms;sp nfhz;LtUk; NghJ tpghrp mz;zhe;J ghu;j;jg bNa ,we;Jfple;jij fz;lhd;. mtiu mNj tpUl;rj;jpd; mbapy; Gijj;J itj;jdu;. gpd;G gpf;FzpAk; glrhuhTk; kl;LNk fhj;Jfple;jdu;. mtu;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; xU nrhy;$l Ngrpf;nfhs;sNtapy;iy. ,uz;L ghiwfs; mUfhikapy; ciwe;J fplg;gij Nghy mtu;fs; fhj;jpUe; jdu;. Kbtpy; xUehs; gpf;FzpAk; ,we;J Nghdhs;. jdpikg;gl;l glrhuh mlu;e;J rpf;Fgpbj;JNghd jiykapUld; fhl;Ltpyq;F xd;iw Nghy me;j kuj;jpd; mbapy; cl;fhu;eJ ; thid Nehf;fpagbNa ,Ue;jhd;. mt Df;Fk; taNjwpaJ. fhl;L tho;T kpf ,dpikahfTk; kpf nfhLe;JauhfTk; khwpkhwp ,Ue;jJ. gpd;G xUehs; ,dpAk; mq;Nf fhj;jpUf;f KbahJ vd;W mtd; tpuf;jpAw;whd;. nrhu;f;fNkh eufNkh ,uz; LNk ,e;j fhdftho; tpy; fpilf;fhj vijAk; je;Jtplg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W czu;ej ; hd;. fhl;by; ,Ue;J ntspNawp jdJ efupw;F nrd;WtpLtJ vd;W mtd; mq;fpUe;J elf;f Jtq;fpdhd;. kfhtpUl;rq;fis tpl;L tpyfp ele;J jl;lhk;ghiw kPJ Vwp epd;wNghJ tpUl;rq;fs; jdpj;J njupe;jd. mg;NghJ thdpy; ,Ue;J VNjhnthU nghUs; G+kpia Nehf;fp tpOe;J nfhz;bUg;gJ njupe;jJ. vd;d mJ> vOj;jhzpah. ,y;iy fj;jpah? tpghrp fhj;jpUe;jJ Nghy jpUld; cr;rpia fz;Ltpl;lhdh? xbg;Ngha; me;j nghU is NjbvLj;J ghu;ff ; Ntz;Lk; NghypUe;jJ. glrhuh me;j kuj;ijNa ntwpj;J ghu;j;Jnfhz;bUe;jhd;. gpwF mikjp ahf fhl;bypUe;J ntspNawp elf;Fk; ghijapy; nkJthf ele;J nry;y Jtq;fpdhd;.

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ve;jg; Gj;jff; filia vq;Nf fz;lhYk; cs;Ns Eioe;J Gj;jfq;fis jl;bg; ghu;g;gJ vd; tof;fk;. Gj;jfj;ij thq;FfpNwNdh ,y; iyNah gpd;dl;ilfis jtwhky; gbj;Jtp LNtd;. mit GJikahf ,Uf;Fk;. rpyNtisfspy; Gj;jfj;ijtpl Rthu];akhf miktJk; cz;L. me;jg; Gj;jfj;ij gw;wpAk; mij vOjpa vOj;jhsiu gw;wpAk; mq;Nf tptuq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Kf;fp akhf gpd;dl;ilfspy; me;jg; Gj;jfj;ijg; gw;wp NtW gpugykhd vOj;jhsu;fSk; gj;jpupiffSk; tpku;rdkhfr; nrhd;dJ gjpthfpapUf;Fk;. ‘xt;nthU tPl;L Gj;jf mykhupapYk; fl;lhakhf ,Uf;fNtz;ba Gj;jfk;.’ ‘,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ntspte;j Mfr; rpwe;j 100 Gj;jfq;fspy; ,JTk; xd;W.’ ‘Gj;jfj;ij ifapnyLj;jhy; kWgbAk; Kbj;Jtpl;Lj;jhd; fPNo itf;fKbAk;.’ ,g;gbahd GfOiufs; gpd;dl;ilfis myq;fupg;gjpy; mjprak; ,y;iy. ve;jnthU Neu;ikahd vOj;jhsu;$l Gj;jfj;Jf;F fpilj;j ghjfkhd xU tupia gpd;dl;ilapy; NghLtJ fpilahJ. gpd;dl;ilfs; Gfo;e;J NgRtJjhd; tof;fk;.

‘,J ,g;gbapUf;f gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; ntrh vOjpa ‘mf;fpufhuj;jpy; fOij’ vd;w E}iy gbj;jNghJ vdf;F Kjy; mjpu;r;rp fpilj;jJ. me;j E}ypNy ntq;fl; rhkpehjd; me;j E}iyg;gw;wp rpy vOj;jhsu;fs; vOjpa tpku;rdf; fbjq;fis ntspapl;bUe;jhu;. mjpNy rpy fbjq;fs; Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s Fiwfis ngupjhf;fp tpku;rpj; jpUe;jJ vdf;F mjpu;r;rpahf ,Ue;jJ. ,J ahu; ,e;j ntrh> tpj;jpahrkhdtuhf ,Uf;fpwhNu vd;W vd;id Nahrpf;f itj;jJ. ghjfkhf te;j fbj;jj;ij mtu; ntsp aplNtz;ba mtrpaNk ,y;iy; MdhYk; Jzpr;rYld; ,izj;jpUe;jhu;. mJ vdf;F gpbj;jJ. gy tUlq;fs; fopj;J ntspte;j mtUila ‘,r;R+oypy;’ E}iy gbj;jNghJ NkYk; mjpu;r;rp fpilj;jJ. ,e;j kdp ju; tpj;jpahrkhdtu;jhd; vd;w vd;Dila vz;zk; cWjpg; gl;lJ. me;jg; Gj;jfk; ntsptu Kd;du; mtUld; RKf cwT ,y;yhj> gifikf; fha;r;ry; nfhz;l> fUj;J Nkhjy;fis ngupjhf;Fk; vOj;jhs ez;gu;fisj; Njbr; nrd;W mtu;fsplk; E}ypd; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpia nfhLj;J

36 mtu;fs; mgpg;gpuhaj;ij vOjp NeNu gjpg;ghsUf;F mDg;gr; nrhy;yp ntrh Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. mtu;fs; me;j Kd;Diuapy; vd;d vOjpapUg;ghu;fs; vd;gJ ntrhTf;F njupahJ. Gj;jfk; ntspte;j gpd;dNu mtUk; thrfu;fs;Nghy mijg; gbj;Jg; ghu;g;ghu;. ,ij mtNu me;j E}ypy; $Wfpwhu;. ,g;gb NtW ahuhtJ vq;NfDk; cs;sduh? ,e;j cyfj;jpNyNa mg;gb xUtu; ,Ue;jhy; mJ ntrhthfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. ntrh fdlh te;jNghJ ehDk; xU ez;gUk; mtiu Xu; <uhdpag; glj;Jf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;Nwhk;. gPl;]h tpepNahfpf;Fk; xU rhjhuz kdpjidg; gw;wpa glk;. mtDila njhopy; epkpj;jk; mtd; nry;te;ju;fSila tPLf Sf;Fk; twpatu;fspd; tPLfSf;Fk; nry;fpwhd;. glk; tpWg;ghf Kbit Nehf;fpg;Ngha; ,d;Dk; rpy epkplq;fspy; Kbe;JtpLk; vd;w epiy. mg;nghOJ ehq;fs; vjpu;ghuhky;> Kbtjw;F rupahf xU epkplk; ,Ue;jNghJ glk; mWe;J jpiuapNy Xu; mwptpg;G te;jJ. ‘jaTnra;J kd;dpAq;fs;. ,d;Dk; gjpide;J epkplq;fspy; rupahf;fptpLfpNwhk;.’ ehq;fs; fhj;jpUe;j Neuj;jpy; glk; vg;gb KbAk; vd;W fw;gidapy; G+u;j;jpnra;ag; ghu;j;Njhk;> ,aytpy;iy. jpUk;g glk; Xlj;njhlq;fpaJk; xNunahU fhl;rpAld; Kbr;R mtpo;e;J> glk; Kw;wpYk; Gupe;jJ. me;jf; fijia vOjpatu; Gfo;ngw;w <uhdpa ,af;Feu; mgh]; fpnuh];jhkp. fhupNy jpUk;Gk;NghJ topnay;yhk; me;j jpiug;glj;ij gw;wpNa ntrhtplk; NgrpNdhk;. mJ vg;gb 95 epkpl glj;jpy; ehq;fs; 94 epkplq;fs; ghu;j;jgpwFk; glj;jpd; Kbit Cfpf;fKbatpy;iy. ntrh jpiug;glf; fij vOjp mDgtk; ngw;wtu;. xU jpiuf;fijia vg;gb mikf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gJ mtUf;F njupAk;. xU fijia nrhy;tJ my;y jpiug;glk;. vij Kjypy;> vij ,ilapy;> vij filrpapy; nrhy;tJ vd;w fl;likg;Gj;jhd; jpiuf; fij. md;W me;jg; glj;ij njhlu;e;J ele;j tpthjq;fs; me;j ehis vd; kdjpy; vd;Wk; mopahky; epWj;jptpl;lJ. ntrhit vdf;F njupahJ. mtu; vOjpa E}y;fisAk; mt;tg;NghJ vOjpa fl;LiufisAk; njhlu;e;J gbj;J te;jJz;L. mtw;iw gbf;f gbf;f mtUila gpk;gk; tsu;e;jJ. tof;fkhd jkpo; vOj;jhsupd; gpk;gj;Jf;Fs; mtu; mlq;fhjtuhfNt ,Ue;jhu;. fdlhtpd; jkpo; ,yf;fp aj; Njhl;lKk; njd;dhrpa fy;tp ikaKk; ,ize;J 2003k; Mz;L ,ay;tpUJ mspg;gjw;fhf mtiu nuhnwhd; NuhTf;F mioj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; mtiu tuNtw;f ehDk;> Nguhrpupau; nry;th fdehafKk;> fhyk; Mrpupau; nry;tKk;> ftpQu; nropaDk; nrd;wpUe;Njhk;. mtiu glj;jpy; ghu;j;jNjad;wp Neupy; ehq;fs; xUtUk; ghu;j;jjpy;iy. MfNt ey;y mofhd G+q;nfhj;J xd;iw thq;fp ifapNygpbj;Jf;nfhz;L gazg;ngl;bAld; ntsp NatUk; xt;nthiuAk; cw;Wg; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;L epd;Nwhk;. md;iwf;F gazpj;j vy;NyhUk; ntrhtpd; Kfj;Njhw;wk; nfhz;ltu;fshfNt fhzg;gl;lhu;fs;. xUKiw xUtuplk; neUq;fp fpl;lj;jl;l G+q;nfhj;ij ePl;btpl;Nlhk;; mtNuh kpuz;LNgha; Xu; mb gpd;Df;Fg; Ngha; vq;fsplkpUe;J jg;gpj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. rw;W Neuq;fopj;J ntrh ngupa js;Stz;b xd;wpy; rpwpa gazg;ngl;bia itj;J js;spf; nfhz;L ntspNa te;jijg; ghu;j;jNghJ vq;fSf;F xUtpj re;NjfKk; votpy;iy. Fbtutpy; VjhtJ gpur;

rpid ,Ue;jjh vd;W tpdtpNdhk;. ‘gy;fiyf;fofk; mDg;gpa fbjj;ij ePl;bNdd;. mtu;fs; jpwe;J$l ghu;f;f tpy;iy. ey;tuT vd;W nrhy;yp vd;id mDkjpj;jhu;fs;’ vd;W nrhd;dhu;. ntrh fdlh tUk; Kd;dNu ez;gu;fs; vq;fis vr;rupj;jp Ue;jhu;fs;. ,tUld; ftdkhfg; gofNtz;Lk;. epiwa vjpupfs; ,tUf;F. fwhuhf ,Ug;ghu;. vg;gTk; Kiwg;ghL fs; nra;thu;. ,tuplk; ey;y ngau; vLf;f KbahJ vd;W gytpjkhf nrhy;ypitj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. Mdhy; Kjy; re;jpg;gpNyNa gj;J tUlk; gofpaJNghy ntrh el;Gld; ele;Jnfhz;lhu;. xU Foe;ijg; gps;isNghy epiwaf; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;lhu;. mbf;fb jd;id tpUJf;F Nju;T nra;jtu;fis Fiw $wpdhu;. ‘vd;dpYk; ghu;f;f jFjpahd tu;fs; epiwag; Ngu; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. vd;id Ngha; Nju;T nra;jhu;fNs’ vd;W mq;fyha;j;jhu;. el;ghdtuhf> md;gh fg; goFgtuhf> kdpjNeak; kpf;ftuhf vq;fSf;F mtu; njupe;jhu;. ntrh %d;W ehl;fs; nuhnwhd;Nuh gy;fiyf; fofk; Vw;ghLnra;j tpLjpapy; jq;fp> kPjp ehl;fis ez;gu; kfhypq;fk; tPl;by; fopj;jhu;. kfhypq;fk; Ntiyf;F Nghdgpd;du; ntrh jdpNa ,Uf;Fk; rkaq;fspy; mtiu vd; tPl;Lf;F tpUe;Jf;F mioj;J tUNtd;. ,jpNy vdf;F ngUk; gpur;rpid ,Ue;jJ. vd; kidtp Kiwahf rikay; nra;af; fw;Wf;nfhz;lJ fdlh te;j gpwFjhd;. ,d;W$l rikf;Fk;NghJ mtUf;F mbf;fb Iak; vOe;jgbNa ,Uf;Fk;. fLF jhspg;gJ vg;NghJ? filrpap yh Kjypyh Nghd;w mbg;gil re;Njfq;fs;. ,yq;if rikaYf;Nf ,e;jg;ghL vd;why; vg;gb ,e;jpa rikay; nra;J ntrh Nghd;w ngupa vOj;jhsiu jpUg;jpg;gLj; JtJ. vq;fs; tPl;by; Njhir> ,l;yp> rhk;ghu; vy;yhk; fw;gid nghUs;fs;. tPl;bNy Njhirf; fy;Nyh ,l;ypg; ghidNah fpilahJ. ,bag;gk;> Gl;L ntspNa ,Ue;J tUtpf;fg;gLk;. ngUk; eLf;fj;Jld; jdf;F njupe;j Kiw apy; kidtp rikj;J gupkhwpdhu;. me;j czit ntrh rhg;gpl;Ltpl;L kfpo;e;J ghuhl;bdhu;. ntrhit cw;W Nehf;fpNdd;. mtu; cz;ik NgRtJNghyj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. vd; kidtp Ntjpapay; ghlj;jpy; Kjy;jukhf gh]; nra; jJNghy ngUk; re;Njhrk; mile;jhu;. mjw;F gpd;du; mtuhf ‘cq;fs; ez;giu ,d;iwf;F czTf;F mioj;J thUq;fs;’ vd;W mbf;fb nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpdhu;. mg;gb te;J rhg;gpLk; xt;nthU jlitAk; ntrh Gfo;e;jhu;. vd; kidtpf;F ,yf;fpaj;ijg; gw;wpa kjpg;gPLfs; gy klq;F $baJ me;jf; fhyj;jpy;jhd;. ntrh ,e;jpah jpUk;gpa gpwF xt;nthU jlitAk; fbjk; vOJk;NghJ kidtpapd; rikaiy Qhgf%l;b ed;wp nrhy;thu;. vd; kidtp vd;dplk; ‘cq;fs; vOj;jhs ez;gu;fspy; ntrh ntspg;gilahdtu;. cz;ikahdtu;’ vd;W gyjlit $wpapUf;fpwhu;. ntrhtpd; ‘rpy ,yf;fpa MSikfs;’ E}iyg; gbj;jNghJ mjpNy ntrhit re;jpf;f te;j ,Ushz;b nrhd;dJ Qhgfj;Jf;F te;jJ. ‘ehq;fs; te;jJ cq;fNshL rz;ilNghl. md;W ePq;fs; vt;tpj jw;fhg;G czu;Tkpd;wp kdk; jpwe;J NgrpaJ vq;fs; kdij khw;wptpl;lJ. xspf;f cq;fsplk; VJkpy;iy. gag; glTk; VJkpy;iy.’ vd; kidtpapd; cs;Szu;T ngha;gg ; jpy;iy.

nksdpapd; vOj;J Kiwgw;wp ntrh tu;zpj;jpUf;fpwhu;. nksdp fLikahf ciog;ghu;. gyKiw jpUj;jp jpUj;jp vOJthu;. Ngdhit ifapy; vLj;jJk; jPtpukhd rpuj;ij mtUf;F te;JtpLk;. VNjh xd;iw xUKiw vOjp mj;Jld; mtu; jpUg;jpaile;jhu; vd;gJ fpilahJ. filrpj; Njjp neUq;Fk;tiu gpuRufu;j;jupd; nghWik vy;iy flf;Fk;tiu jpUj;jk; nra;Jnfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghu;. ,jw;F Neu;khwhdJ ntrhtpd; Kiw. mtuplk; ehd; fl;Liu Nfl;L gyjlit thq;fpapUf;fpNwd;. xUKiw$l mtu; nrhd;d Neuj;jpw;F fl;Liu juhky; flj;jpaJ fpilahJ. epA+l;ld; vd;w ngupa tpQ;Qhdp fhiyapy; gLf;ifapypUe;J vOk;gp xU fhiy jiuapNy Cd;wptpl;L mLj;j fhiy vLj;Jitf;fhky; gy kzp Neuk; mirahky; cl;fhu;e;jpUg;ghu;. mtu; %isapy; tpQ;Qhd rpj;jhe;jq;fs; gputhfkhf Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. me;jg; gputhfk; epd;Wtplf;$Lk; vd;w gaj;jpy; mirahky; ,Ug;ghuhk;. ntrhtpd; mDgtKk; ,g;gbj;jhd;. fl;Liuf;fhd fUj;Jf;fs; %isapy; jpuz;L fiu Guz;L Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ehl;fs; js;spg;NghFk;. filrp jpdk; neUq;fp aJk; cl;fhu;e;J> fUj;Jf;fs; cUz;L xt;nthd;whftu vOjp Kbg;ghu;. mtNu nrhy;fpwhu;. ‘kdk; rQ;rupj;jnjy;yhk; vOjNtz;LNk vd;W cl;fhUNtd;. vOj Muk;gpj;jhy; mJtiu kdk; rQ;r upj;jnjy;yhk; ghjp Ngha;tpLk;. Gjpjhf mjd; ,lj;jpy; NtW VNjh ghjpte;J epug;Gk;. Gjpa rQ;rhuq;fs; Mr;rupakhf ,Uf;Fk;. gpd;dhy;> tpl;Lg;Nghdnjy; yhk; vJvd;W Nahrpj;J kdjpy; Njhd;wj; Njhd;w ,ilr; nrUFNtd;. mg;gbAk; mNefk; tpl;Lg;NghFk;.’ mtu; vOJtJ xUKiwjhd;. rpy rkak; jpUk;g gbg;gJk; fpilahJ. mg;gbNa mDg;gptpLthu;. mtUila fl;Liufis gbf;Fk; NghJ fpilf;Fk; mDgtNk GjpJ jhd;. vz;zq;fs; gha;e;J gha;e;J NghFk; mjpraj;ij fhzyhk;. xd;iwr; nrhy;yptpl;L ,d;ndhd; Wf;F jhtptpLthu;. Mwmku ,Ue;J Nahrpj;J ghu;f;Fk; NghJjhd; fl;Liu GupAk;. mtu; tpl;Lr; nry;Yk; ,ilntspfis epug;gpf;nfhz;Nl gbf;fNtz;Lk;. mJ ey;y mDgtkhf mikAk;. ,g;gbr; rpe;jpf;Fk; jpwdhy;jhd; gpwpnjhU fiyQupd; kdij mtuhy; Mokhfg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ. cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w rpj;jpuq;fisAk; jpiug;glq;fisAk; ,yf;fpaq; fisAk; fiy cs;sj;Jld; urpf;Fk; xU kd epiyia mtuhy; cUthf;f KbfpwJ. vdf;F njupe;j xU Gifg;gl epGzu; ,Uf;fpwhu;> cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wtu;. gy gupRfs; ntd;wtu;. mtuplk; ,Uf;Fk; 10>000 nlhyu; fhkpuhit mtu; kj;jpahd Neuj;jpy; ntspNa vLf;fkhl;lhu;. fhiy

my;yJ khiyjhd; Gifg;glj;Jf;F cfe;jNeuk; vd;gJ mtu;fUj;J. Gifg;glk; vd;why; vd;d? mJ xspapd; tpisahl;Lj;jhd; vd;W mbf;fb $Wthu;. cyfg;Gfo; irj;uf P u;fSk; ,ijNa nrhd;dhu;fs;. nud;thu; vd;w rpj;jpuf;fhuu; R+upaxspapy; xU itf;Nfhw;Nghu; mil Ak; epwkhw;wq;fis njhlu;e;J 16 - 17 rpj;jpuq;fshf ,il tplhJ tiue;JjPu;j;jhuhk;. xsp ,Ug;gJk; ,y;yhjJk; Xu; cau;e;j rpj;jpuj;ij jUtJ Nghy> thu;j;ij ,Ug;gJk; ,y;yhjJk; Xu; cau;e;j ,yf;fpaj;ij rhj;jpakhf;FfpwJ. cjhuzj;Jf;F jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; ehtiy vLj;J ntrh

tpsf;Ffpwhu;. ghyp vd;Dk; ngz; rpWtajpypUe;Nj jq;fuh[{Tf;F epr;rapf;fg;gl;lts;. Mdhy; mtSf;F mtdplk; <LghL fpilahJ. jdf;F vd;W xU kdk;> ,r;ir> tho;f;if ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W epidf;fpwhs;. jd;id jhWkh whfg; Ngrpdhd; vd;gjw;fhf itad;dhit nfhiynra;J tpl;L te;J epw;fpwhd; jq;fuh[{. mtid ghyp Vkhw;w Ntz;Lkh? mz;zhe;J ghu;j;j ghypapd; fz;fspy; jQ;ir NfhGuj;jpd; cr;rpapy; ,uz;L fhf;iffs; cl;fhu;e;jpUg;gJ njupfpwJ. mts; epidf;fpwhs;> ‘,uz;L fhf;iffs; cl;fh uj;jhdh ,t;tsT ngupa thdshtpa NfhGuj;ij xUtu; epu;khzpj;jhu;.’ mjd; gpd;du; thu;j;ijfs; ,y;iy> ngupa gha;r;ry; fijapy; epfo;fpwJ. ‘mg;gh> ePq;fs; nrhy;wJ rupd;D Njhd;Wjg;gh’ vd;fpwhs;. xspapd;ikAk;> xspAk;> thu;j;ijapd;ikAk;> thu;j;ijAk;.

36 ,itjhd; Neu;j;jpahd fiyg; gilg;ghf cUkhWfpd;wd. ,g;gb El;gkhf fiyQdpd; gilg;G kdJf;Fs; nrd;W> mtd; czu;e;jij czu;e;jgb ntspf;nfhzu;tJjhd; ntrhtpd; Ngdh. tpku;rfuhf ,Ue;jhNy giftu;fs; cz;lhfptpLthu;fs;. mjpYk; Neu;ikahf xUtu; ,Ue;jhy; nrhy;yNt Ntz;lhk;. jd;khdk;> Neu;ik ,tuJ cjhu Fzq;fs;. ,tu; vOjpa gy E}y;fis ehd; gbj;jpUe;jhYk; mnkupf;f jfty; ikaj;Jf;F ,tu; vOjpa fbjk; xU classic vd;W nrhy;Ntd;. mtuplNk mij nrhy;ypAkpUf;fpNwd;. 1997y; vOjpa me;jf; fbjk; ,d;Wtiu Ngrg;gLfpwJ. mnkupf;f fhq;fpu]; E}yfj;Jf;F E}y;fs; Nju;T nra;Ak; gzpf;F ntrhit mioj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. ,tu; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljhy; my;y> mnkupf;f jfty; ikak; jhdhfNt ,tiu mZfp apUe;jJ. ,tu; mq;Nf mtu;fisr; re;jpf;f NghdJk; mtu;fs; xU tpz;zg;g gbtj;ij nfhLj;J mij epug;gp tur; nrhd;dhu;fs;. VNjh ntrh mtu;fsplk; Ntiy Nfl;L te;jJNghy mtiu mtkjpj;jhu;fs;. me;jr; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mtu; vOjpa fbjk;jhd; mJ. ‘40 tUl nghJtho;tpy; vd; Rje;jpuj;ijAk;> vd; Neu;ikiaAk; vd; topapy; kpFe;j Mf;Nuh~j;JlNdNa ghJfhj;J te;Njd;. ‘cd; Neu;ikiaAk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; fhg;ghw;w Ntz;bdhy; cd; vOj;NjhL rk;ge;jg;glhj xU Ntiyia> ,uT eld tpLjpapy; gpahNdh thrpg;gJNghd;w Ntiyia nra;.’ ,J Xu; mnkupf;fu;> tpy;ypak; /ghf;du; nrhd;dJ. vd; jFjpia msf;Fk;gb ehd; cq;fsplk; Nfl;fNt ,y;iyNa.’ ntrh vOjpa me;j ePz;l fbjj;jpy; Neu;ikiaAk; Rje;jpuj;ij Ak; tYAWj;jp ,g;gb Kbj;jpUf;fpwhu;. ntrh nuhnwhd;Nuh gy;fiyf; fof muq;fpy; ,ay; tpUJ Vw;Giuapy; nrhd;dJ epidTf;F tUfpwJ. xU Qhdpapl kpUe;J kl;LNk mg;gbahd thu;j;ijfs; ntsptUk;. ehw; gJ tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; mtUila mYtyfk; mtUf; F ehL ehlhf Rw;wp gzpahw;Wk; xU tha;gi ; g nfhLj;jJ. Mdhy; me;j tha;gg ; pd; ngWkjp njupahj xUtu; nfhLj;j epu;g;ge;jj;jhy; me;j Ntiyia mtu; ,of;f Neupl;lJ. MfNt mtUf;F Vkhw;wq;fSk; ,og;GfSk; gofpg;Ngh dit. mtw;iw vjpu;nfhs;Sk; kdg;gf;Ftk; ,Ue;jJ. mtu; tho;f;ifapy; xd;iwAk; ngupjhf vjpu;ghu;f;fhkyp Uf;fg; gofpf;nfhz;ltu;. ‘kfhuh[h Mil apy;yhky; tUfp whu;’ vd;W fj;jpa rpWkpNghy mtu; cz;ikia vOjpdhu;. mJ mtUf;F ,ay; tpUij ngw;Wj; je;jpUf;fpwJ. me;j tpUJf;F jFjp ngw;wtuhf mtu; jd;idf; fUjtpy;iy. ,J ngha;ahd mlf;fk; my;y vd;fpwhu;. gyu; mtuplk; ‘eP tpku;rdk; vOJfpwha;> MfNt cdf;F xU tpUJk; fpilf; fg;Nghtjpy;iy’ vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;fs;. mJ ngha;j; Jg; Nghdjpy; mtUf;F rpW kfpo;r;rp. md;W Ngr;irf; Nfl;ltu;fspy; xUtUf;F$l mtUila thu;j;ijfs; ,Ujaj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jit vd;gjpy; Iak; ,Uf;f KbahJ. rpy khjq;fSf;F Kd; ntrh tOf;fp tpOe;J kUj;Jt kidapy; mDkjpahfpapUf;fpwhu; vd;w jftiy ez;gu; NrJgjp vdf;F mDg;gpapUe;jhu;. ehd; clNd xU kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;gp mtu; eyj;ij tprhupj;Njd;. ntrh Vw;fdNt Kd;Gk; xUKiw fhypy; KwpT Vw;gl;L kUj;Jtkidapy;

rpfpr;ir ngw;wtu;. mtu; fdlh te;jpUe;jNghJ mWitr; rpfpr;irnra;J rpykhjq;fNs MfpapUe;jd. fhypNy cNyh fk; itj;J nghUj;jpapUe;jhu;fs;. vt;tsT vr;rupf;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; fdlhtpy; fy; gjpj;j NkL gs;skhd ghijfspy; jLf;fptpOe;JtpLthu;. clNdNa vOe;J epd;W cil ia rupnra;Jnfhz;L ‘xd;Wkpy;iy> xd;Wkpy;iy’ vd;W iffis mfykhf tpupg;ghu;. ‘mLj;jKiw tpUJ nfhLf; Fk;NghJ cNyhff;fhy; nghUj;jhj xUtiu Njbf; fz;Lgpbj;J nfhLq;fs;’ vd;W nrhy;yp rpupg;ghu;.’ ,g;gb vijAk; ntrh Rygkhf eifr;Ritahf;fptpLthu;. mtu; jq;fpapUe;j ehl;fspy; rpy jpfpy; rk;gtq;fSk; ele;jpUf;fpd;wd. mbf;fb ez;gu;fs; te;J mtiu tpUe;J f;Nfh> $l;lj;Jf;Nfh my;yJ re;jpg;Gf;Nfh mioj;Jr; nry; thu;fs;. ehq;fs; mtuplk; ,d;d Neuk; jpUk;gp te;Jtp Lq;fs; vd;W nrhy;yp mDg;GNthk;. xU ehs; vOj;jhs ez;gu; xUtu; mtiu kjpa czT rhg;gpl cztfk; xd;Wf;F mioj;Jg; Nghdhu;. gy kzp NeukhfpAk; mtu; jpUk;gtpy;iy. ehq;fs; fhj;Jf;nfhz;NlapUe;Njhk;. filrp apy; mtu; te;jJk; vd;d ele;jJ vd;W tprhupj;Njhk;. mtu;fs; rhg;gpl;lgpd; ez;gu; gzk; nrYj;j fld;ml;ilia ePl;bapUf;fpwhu;. cztfk; me;jf; fld; ml;ilia Vw;f tpy;iy. ntrhit mq;Nf ,Uj;jptpl;L ez;gu; gzk; khw;wptu tq;fpf;F NghapUf;fpwu;. Nghdtu; tu Neukhapw;W. ntrhtpd; kdk; gak; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jJ. mtu; vd;id ,q;Nf mlF itj;Jtpl;L Ngha;tpl;lhu;. jpUk;gp tUthuh> vg;gb ehd; jq;fpapUf;Fk; tPl;Lf;F top Nfl;Lg; NghtJ. fdlhtpy; gzk; juhtpl;lhy; vd;d jz;lid> khthl;lr; nrhy;thu;fsh? my;yJ rpiwapy; milg;ghu;fsh? my;yJ jpUg;gp mDg;Gthu;fsh? ,g;gb vy;yhk; ntrhtpd; kdk; fw;gid nra;jJ. rpwpJ Neuj;jpNyNa ez;gu; te;J jd;id kPll ; ij nrhy;yp jiyia gpd;Df;F vwpe;J rpupj;jhu; ntrh. rpy gj;jpupiffs; vOj;jhsu;fis Neu;fhzy;nra;J vOJk;. Mdhy; xU gj;jpupifAk; vOj;jhsUf;F cWJizahf ,Ue;J mtUf;F cw;rhf%l;b mts; vOj;JNtiyf;F Cf;fkspf;Fk; kidtpau;gw;wp vOJtjpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;j tof;fj;Jf;F khwhf rkPgj;jpy;; mnkupf;f khj ,johd njd;wy; ntrhtpd; Neu;fhziy ntspapl;lNghJ mtUila mUik kidtpahupd; Gifg;glj;ijAk; gpuRupj;jp Ue;jJ. ,J vdf;F mstw;w kfpo;r;rpia mspj;jJ. clNdNa ntrhTf;F xU kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;gp vd; tho;j; ijAk; kfpo;rr ; piaAk; njuptpj;Njd;. me;j Neu;fhzy; te;J rpy thuq;fspNyNa mtUila kidtp fhykhdhu;. ,J ntrhTf;F kpfg;ngupa ,og;G. mtu; mjpypUe;J ,d;W tiu kPsNt ,y;iynad;Wjhd; epidf;fpNwd;. mtu; Fzq;fspy; cau;e;J epw;gJ Neu;ikAk;> kdpj NeaKk;. Ik;gJ tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf vOjpf;nfhz;bU f;Fk; ntrhit ,d;iwf;Fk; gyu; G+uzkhf mwpe;jpUf;f tpy;iy. ehd; Kd;G nrhd;dkhjpup vdf;F ntrh vd;why; Crimson Gold jhd; epidTf;F tUfpwJ. filrp xU epkp lj;ij jtwtpl;lNghJ KOj; jpiug;glj;ijAk; tpsq;fKbahky; md;W ehq;fs; jpifj;J epd;Nwhk;. ntrh Nghd;w ngupa MSikia mwpa mtuplKs;s Neu;ik> kdpj Neak; gw;wpAk; njupaNtz;Lk;. mJ ,y;yhky; mtiu Kw;wpYk; Gupe;Jnfhs;sNt ,ayhJ.

jpiug;gl Kd;Ndhl;;lk;

g;gJ tUlg; Nghu;! Nghupd; jlaq;fs; NtfNtfkha; kiwf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Nghu; ,we;j fhynkd;why; tpLjiy vg;NghJ epfo;fhykhFk;? fLe;Jaupd; rhl;rpaha; fhyk; ek;gpf;if ntWk; thu;j;ij! ,j; jpiur; rpj;jpuk; cz;ikapd; rydk;!!

fsk;:

,dr; Rj;jpfupg;GfshYk; gLnfhiyfshYk; tijfshYk; mfjpfspd; Xyj;jhYk; fUfpg;Nghd <oj;J epyj;jpd; rhk; gy; ‘ghf; ePupiz’apy; kpje;J tUfpwJ. me;jr; rhk;gypy; nry;Yk; jkpof kPdtu;fspd; Njhzpfs; flypy; vupAk; fijfs; Kbtw;W ePz;Lnfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wd. fly; vupfp wJ. rfy kPl;gu;fshYk; iftplg;gl;bUf;Fk; kPdtu;fspd; ,uj;jKk; fz;zPUk; ,uhNk];tuj;jpd; fiufis epiwj;J s;sd. mg;ghtp kPdtu;fs; flypd; eLNt GypfnsdTk; flj;jy; fhuu;fnsdTk; csthspfnsdTk; nfhy;yg;gLfpwhu;fs;. kPdtu;fspd; Xyk; miyfspd; eLNt ,ufrpakhfg; Gijf; fg;gLfpwJ. fliyj; jtpu NtnwijAk; mwpahj me;j kf;fs; kPz;Lk; kPzL ; k; capiug; gzak; itj;J xUgpb czTf;fhf cg;G ePupy; ,wq;Ffpwhu;fs;. mtu;fs; jkJ Njhzpfs; nry;Yk;

ghijapy; kPl;gu;fisNah ,ul;rfu;fisNah ,Jtiu fz;ljpy;iy. Mdhy; xt;nthUehSk; nfhiyfhuu;fis mtu;fs; fhz;gJz;L. vg;NghjhtJ mtu;fs; eLf; flypy; jj;jspj;Jf; nfhz;b Uf;Fk; <oj;J mfjpfisf;fhZk;NghJ xU Jaug; Gd;d ifAld; mtu;fis tuNtw;fpwhu;fs;.

fij

Gay;> efupd; ngUk;gFjpiaf; flypy; Row;wp vwpa> vQ;rpapUf;Fk; rpjpyq;fisAk;> mjpy; frpAk; capu;fisAk; Cnudj; jhq;fp epw;Fk; jD~;Nfhb. ,e;jpag; ngUq;flYk;> tq;fhs tpupFlhTk; fyf;Fk; mjd; fiuapy;>Kg;gJ tUlq;fshfj; jPuhj ,yq;if cs;ehl;L ,dg; NghUf;Fj; jg;gp <oj;J mfjpfs;> jq;fs; tho;tpd; ,Wjp ek;gpf;if iag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L nrj;Njh> capNuhNlh te;jtz;zk; cs;sdu;. MAjKk;> ,dntwpAk; nehUf;fpa <oj; jkpou;f spd; tpLjiyf; fdit tuyhW vl;b epd;W ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyf;fl;lk;. rpq;fsg; Ngupdthjk;> mopj;njhopf;fg;gl;l Nghuhspfs;> tPzbf;fg;gl;l uj;jk; ciwe;J epw;Fk; gPuq;fpfs;> ,d;Dk; Gijj;J Kbahj gpzq;fs;> Ntz;lg;glhj capu;fsha; Ks;NtypfspilNa milj;J itf;fg;gl;l kdpjtpyq;Fg; gz;izfs;> xykplTk; rf;jpaw;W rpjwbf;fg;gl;l jkpopdk;

36 kpr;rKs;s tho;fi ; fia tho;eJ ; tpLk; Mirapy; VNjh xU ehl;bd; vy;iyapy; jd; filrp xU gpb%r;irj; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L epw;fpd;wJ. flw; jz;zPupy; rpq;fs ePnuJ? jkpo; ePnuJ? vd;w mr;rj;jpw;fpilNa jpdKk; kPd; gpbf;fr; nry;Yk; jkpof kPdtu;fs;. tpLjiyg; Gypnad;Nwh> flj;jy;fhundd;Nwh> csthspnad;Nwh re;Njfj;jpd; Ngupy; rpwpyq;fh vy;iyf; flw;gilahy; ehs;NjhWk; mbj;Njh> nfhy;yg;gl;Nlh> nfhs;isabf;fg;gl;Nlh Jd;GWj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,Ue;Jk; mLj;jNtis czTf;fhf flypy; ghAk; ts;sq;fs; RoYf;Fk;> GaYf;Fk;> kiof;Fk; NghyNt Fz;lbf Sf;Fk;> Jg;ghf;fpr;R+l;Lf;Fk; mQ;rhky;> vg;gbAk; fiuf;Fj; jpUk;gptpLk; cWjpia kPdt;u;fSf;F jUfpd;wd. ,e;j Roypy; jq;fs; ,Ug;igj; jf;fitf;f miyf;fopf; fg;gLk; kPdtu; KDrhkp> mfjpfs; eyDf;fhd fpwp];jt ikaj;jpy; gzpnra;Ak; Nuh];Nkup kw;Wk; Mtzg;gl ,af;Fdu; kzpNkfiy xU ikag; Gs;spapy; re;jpg;gJk;> ntspNaWtJkha; fijiag; gpd;Dfpd;wdu;. Aj;jj;jhYk;> rjh Juj;Jk; kuzq;fshYk; fhyj;ijAk; ntspiaAk; jd; ,Og;Gf;F tisj;Jf; FWf;Frhy; NghLk; xU fpWf;fdhf mwpag;gLk; <oj;J mfjp R+up cz;ikapd; kaf;fj;ij Kd; dwptpj;j jPu;f;fjuprp. mjpfhuk; mtdpd; ehTfisj; Jz; bj;J vwpfpwJ> kzpNkfiyiar; rl;lj;jpd; ngauhy; xLf; FfpwJ> KDrhkpiaf; nfhd;W NghLfpwJ> Nuh]; Nkupia flTspd; ifapy; gpbj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwJ. flTs; mbikfspw;fhfTk; Vjpypfspw;fhfTk; nrq;fliy ,uz;lhfg; gpse; jhu;. tpLjiy vq;Nf xspe;jpUf;fpwJ? FUjpr; rfjpapy; nehz;b abj;J nky;y elf;fpwhs; fhyNjtij .

cUthf;fk;

,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilNa tpupe;J fplf;Fk; flypd; eLNt tijgLk; kPdtu;fs; Fwpj;Jk;>,e;jf; fliyj; jhz;b capiuf; fhg;ghw;w XbtUk; <oj;J mfjpfs; Fwpj; Jk; vspatu;fspd; Jauq;fis mrl;LilAld; ghu;f;Fk; mjpfhu tu;ff ; k; Fwpj;Jk; nrq;fly; jpiur; rpj;jpuk; xspT kiwTfs; VJkpd;wp Neubahfg; NgRfpwJ. fk;gpg;ghL> ,J 1964y; Mopg;Nguiyahy; epu;%ykhf; fg;gl;l xU jD~;Nfhbf; fpuhkk;. mJ ,d;Wk; jdJ rpij TfSlDk;> me;j kz;zpd; kPdtf; FLk;gq;fSlDk; capu;gG ; ld; ,Uf;fpwJ. fly;topNa <oj;J mfjpfs; te;J epiwAk; me;j ,lNk nrq;fly; jpiur; rpj;jpuk; epfOk; ,lkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;jj; jpiur; rpj;jpuj;jpy; ,uhNk];tu kPdtu;fSk; kz;l gk; Kfhkpy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; <oj;J mfjpfSNk ebj;jp Uf;fpwhu;fs;. Jizf; fjhghj;jpuq;fspy; fplhj;jpUf;iff; fpuhkj;J eldf; fiyQu;fSk;> ehlff; fiyQu;fSk; gq; nfLj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. nrq;flypy; ebj;j gyUk; ,jw;F Kd; xU glk;gpbf;Fk; fUtpiaj; jq;fs; tho;tpy; vjpu;nfhz;ljpy;iy. me;j xl;Lnkhj;j r%fNk kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; tupirahfj; jpiuf;

fijia thrpj;Jk; ebg;Gg; gapw;rpg; gl;liwfspy; fye;J nfhz;Lk;> xj;jpif ghu;j;jtz;zKkpUe;jdu;. fg;gpg;ghL kPdtu;fs; ngUk;ghYk; vy;yh jahupg;Gg; gzpfspYk; jq;fis <LgLj;jpf;nfhz;ldu;. czTj; jahupg;G> thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> $l;lj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;> glg;gpbg;gpd; NghJ njhopy; El;ff; fiyQu;fspw;F cjTtJ Nghd;w vy;yhtpjkhd gzpfspYk; mtu;fs; cw;rhfj;jld; jk;ik <LgLj;jpf;nfhz;ldu;. nehbf;nfhUjuk; khwpf;nfhz;bUe;j fhyepiy> Gay; mwp tpg;Gfs;> jpBnudf; nfhe;jspj;Jg; ngUFk; jpBnud cs; thq;Fk; fly;> kpd;rhukpd;ik> njhiyj;njhlu;G trjpf spd;ik> rPuw;w kzy; ghijapy; glg;gpbg;G cgfuzq;f Sld; ePz;l gazk; Nghd;witNa glg; gpbg;Gf; FO vjpu;Nehf;fpa Kjd;ikg; gpur;ridfshapUe;jd. <oj;J mfjpfs; kz;lgk; mfjp Kfhkpd; midj;J fl;Lg; ghLfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;GeilKiwfisAk; mDrupj;Nj glj;jpy; ebj;jdu;. mtu;fs; fhiy vl;L kzpf;Fj; jq;fs; md;whl NtiyfSf;fhf kl;LNk Kfhik tpl;L ntspNaw Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; khiy MW kzpf;F Kd;djhfNt Kfhkpd; tUifg;gjpNtl;by; ifnaOj;jpl jpUk;gpahf Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; Vw;gLk; VNjDk; rpWgpio$l mtu;fis Nkhrkhd rpf;fy;fSf;Fk;> Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;nrd;W tpLk;. ,j;jid rpukq;fSf;F mg;ghYk; mtu;fs; kdg;G+u; thd <Lghl;Lld; nrq;flypy; ebj;jhu;fs;. flypYk; jPilap Yk; RLkzpypYk; Foe;ijfs; $l fLk; rpukj;Jld; ebj;Jf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. jD~;Nfhbapd;fiu ,yq;ifapypUe;J ntWk; gjpndl;L fpNyhkPl;lu; njhiytpypUf;fpwJ. jD~;Nfhb epyg;gug;G flNyhuf;fhtw;gil> fhtw;Jiw> flw;gil> kj;jpa Gydha; Tj;Jiw> fpA+gpupT Kjypaitfshy; njhlu;e;J fz;fhzpf; fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. fk;gpg;ghL fpuhkj;jpd; rpijTfspd; epoypy; ,e;jpa csTj; Jiwapdu; kiwe;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. nrq;fly; jpiug;glf;FO epoy;fisg; glkhf;Ftjpy; Mu;tk; fhl;ltpy;iy. mJ cz;ikia kl;LNk Njbr; nrd;wJ ...mijg; glkhf;fpAkpUf;fpwJ.

,af;fk;: yPdh kzpNkfiy jahupg;G: [hdfp rptf;Fkhu;> Njhy;ghit jpNal;lu;]; jpiuf;fij: rp.n[uhy;l;> N\hghrf;jp> yPdh kzpNkfiy trdk;: N\hghrf;jp $Ljy; trdk;: rp.n[uhy;l; xspg;gjpT: vk;. N[ uhjhfpU\;zd; ,ir: vy;.tp.fNzrd; glj;njhFg;G Nkw;ghu;it: ];uPfu; gpurhj; glj;njhFg;G: J`pdhNgh K[{k;jhu; fiy: khaf;fz;zd;> Nf.b. fhe;jpuh[d; xypg;gjpT: `upFkhu; khjtd; ehau; xyptbtikg;G: RgjPg; nrd;Fg;jh jahupg;GNkw;ghu;it: ,sq;Nfh uFgjp

tpj;JtrpNuhkzp fNzirau; mtu;fspd; mWgjhk; Mz;L epiwT tpohtpy; Rthkp tpGyhde;ju;> f.eNlrgps;is MfpNahUl;gl jkpo; mwpQu;fSld; Rthkp Qhdg;gpufhru;.

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opngau;g;G vd;gJ xNu rkaj;jpy; ,uz;L vrkhdu;fSf;Fg; gzpahw; WtJ Nghd;wJ. jkpo;> Mq;fpy vrkhdu;fs; ,UtUk; jpUg;jpg;gLk; tz;zk;> Mq;fpyj;jpyp Ue;J jkpOf;F nkhopngau;g;gjpy;> ehk; vjpu; Nehf;ff;$ba rpukq;fisAk;> mtw;iw vjpu;nfhs; tjpy; vkf;Fj; Jizepw;ff;$ba cj;jfisAk; ,ad;wtiu ,dq;fhz;gNj ,e;j Ma;tpd; jiyaha Nehf;fk;. nrhy;> njhlu;> ghzp vd;Dk; %d;W cg jiyg;Gfspd; fPo; mtw;iw ,q;F ehk; gFj;jhuha vz;zpAs;Nshk;.

...,lf;fulf;fy; fUjp> handicap (Cdk;) vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ FiwT. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf disability (tYtPdk;) vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJz;L. mJTk; jw;nghOJ kq;fp> differently abled (khw;WtYtpdu;)> special needs persons (jdp trjpapdu;) Nghd;w gjq;fs; Xq;fp tUfpd;wd. mtu;fis physically challenged vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; tof;fKk; cz;L. vkf;F te;j xU kpd;dQ;rypd;gb> nrd;id tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; ,J nka;g;Gy miw$tyu; vd;W nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ! ,q;F physical nka;ia> mjhtJ cliyf; fUJfpwJ. Gyk; vd;gJ ,lk;> Gyd;> ikak; vd;nwy;yhk; nghUs;gl ty;yJ. vdpDk; miw$tyu; vd;gJ ,q;F mwNt nghUe;jhJ...

(1) nrhy;: Mq;fpyg; gjq;fis Kjw;fz; Mq;fpyj;jpy; tpsq;fpf;nfhz;l gpd;dNu> mtw;Wf;Fj; jkp opy; nghUs;nfhs;Sk; tpjj;ij> ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;tJ eyk; gaf;Fk;. rhf;fpuj;jPrpd; jj;Jtj;ij kPs; Nehf;fj; jiyg;gl;l Xu; mnkupf;f mwpQu; $Wfpwhu;: nkhopngau;g;Gfisf; nfhz;L Vw;Gila Kiwapy; murpay;> jj;Jt mDkhdq;fis vtuhYk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gij ehd; fz;Lnfhz;Nld;. nkhopngau;g; ghsu;fs; jpwikaw;wtu;fs; vd;gjy;y mjw;fhd fhuzk;. fpNuf;f nkhopg; gjq;fs; – Nfj;jpu fzpjj;jpy; $wg;gLtJ Nghy; – mtw;Wf;F epfuhd Mq;fpyg; gjq;fSld; Kw;wpYk; xj;jpirahikNa mjw;fhd fhuzk;. Mq;fpyj;jpy; gUkl; lhfg; nghUe;Jk; gy;NtW gjq;fSs; xd;iwj; njupTnra;aNtz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; nkhopngau;g;ghsUf;F Vw;gLk;. fpNuf;f nkhopapYs;s fUJnghUl; gjk; xd;iw tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kw;gLk; xUtu;> fpNuf;f nkhopapNyNa me;jg; gjj;Jld; ky;yhb mjid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; Nghjpa msTf;fhtJ fpNuf;f nkhopiaf; fw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. me;jg; gjk; czu;j;jf;$ba fUj;Jfs;> eak; midj;ijAk; xUtuhy; me;j nkhopapNyNa GupeJ ; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tz;zk; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;s

f;upahtpd; jkpo;-jkpo;-Mq;fpy mfuhjp> jw;fhyj; jkpo;jkpo;-Mq;fpy kuGj;njhlu; mfuhjp> xf;]N ; ghu;l; Mq;fpyk;Mq;fpyk;-jkpo; mfuhjp> Nghd;wit jiyrpwe;j vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfs; MFk;. ve;j nkhopapYk; xUnghUl; gjq;fis tpl> gy; nghUl;gjq;fNs mjpfk;. rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;: 1. abbreviate = FWf;F 2. abide armchair-critics = jpz;izj; jpwdha;thsu;fisr; rfpj;Jf;nfhs; 3. abide by the rules = tpjpfSf;F mike;njhOF 4. abandon property = cilikiaf; iftpL 5. act with abandon = guhKfj;Jld; nraw;gL 6. abandon yourself to nostalgia = (1) jhaf Ntl;ifapy; %o;F (2) kPl;rp Ntl;ifapy; %o;F 7. address a meeting = $l;lj;jpy; ciuahw;W 8. address card = Kftup ml;il 9. address the needs = Njitfisf; ftdp 10. address your application to me = cd; tpz;z;g;gj;ij vdf;F mDg;gpit

11. peace accord = rkhjhd cld;ghL 12. in accord with our policy = vkJ nfhs;iff;F ,zq;f 13. of my own accord = ehdhftpUk;gpNa = ehNd csKte;J 14. with one accord = xUkdJld; = Vfkdjhf 15. accord importance to education = fy;tpf;F Kf;fpak; nfhL Nkw;gb vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfspy; ngupJk; tpid tpidahf Tk;> ngau; ngauhfTk;> cupr;nrhy; cupr;nrhy;yhfTk;… ngau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mNjNtis abandon tpidahfTk; (4>6); ngauhfTk; (3) gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. address tpid ahfTk; (7>9>10); ngauhfTk; (8) nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. accord ngauhfTk; (11>12>13>14>); tpidahfTk; (15) ,lk;ngw; Ws;sJ. xU nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ,lj;Jf;fplk; khWgLk; tpjk; ,q;F czu;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kd;ndhl;LfisNah> gpd;ndhl;LfisNah $l xU Fwpg;gpl;l fUj;Jf;Fs; xLf;f KbahJ. gpd;tUgit -ize vd;Dk; gpd;ndhl;Lld; $ba gjq;fspd; jkpohf;fq;fs;: amortize = jtizf;fld; jPu; Capitalize your possessions = cd; cilikfis tpw;Wf; fhrhf;F I realized my mistake = vdJ jtiw ehd; czu;e;Njd; prioritize = Kjd;ikg;gb tupirg;gLj;J Visualize your future = cd; tUq;fhyj;ij vz;zpg; ghu; mNjNtis> -ize gpd;ndhl;Lld; $ba xNu nrhy; iyNa gy;NtW nghUs;fspy; vLj;jhsyhk;: vdJ jtiw ehd; czu;e;Njd; We realized our ambition = vkJ Fwpf;Nfhis ehk; va;jpNdhk; Our worst fears were realized = ehk; kpfTk; mQ;rpagbNa epfo;e;jJ Realize your assets = cd; nrhj;Jfisf; fhrhf;F The stage designs were realized = Nkil tbtikg;GfSf;F nraYUtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ = Nkil tbtikg;Gfs; nraYUg;ngw;wd Socialize with students = khztu;fSld; ClhL Socialize the children = gps;isfSf;F r%f elj;ij fw;gp Socialize the nation = ehl;il r%fTilik kakhf;F Capitalism socializes the cost and privatizes the profits = Kjyhspj;Jtk;> nryit r%fj;jpd;kPJ nghWg;gpf; fpwJ> ,yhgj;ij jdp ahUf;F mspf;fpwJ. I realized my mistake =

(2) njhlu;: gpd;tUk; jkpohf;fq;fs; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g vkJ fz;zpy; gLgit my;yJ fhjpy; tpOgit: travel preparation = gazj; jahupg;G cultural values = gz;ghl;Lg; ngWkjpfs;

economic pressure = nghUshjhu mOj;jk; reflective mood = gpujpgypf;Fk; kdepiy ,tw;iw ehk; fz;Zw;Nwh> nrtpkLj;Njh gofpagbahy;> vkf;F ,it nghUj;jkhditahfNt njd;glf;$Lk;. vdpDk;> ,it NjuhJ njspjypd; ghw;gLk;. ,q;F rk;ge;jg;gLk; nrhw;fSf;F NtW nghUs;fSk; cs;sd. vkJ cldbj; Njitf;fhf> mit xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; ,U nghUs;fis khj;jpuk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;Nthk;: preparation = 1. jahupg;G 2. Maj;jk; value = 1. ngWkjp 2. tpOkpak; pressure = 1. mOj;jk; 2. epu;g;ge;jk; reflective = 1. gpujpgypf;Fk; 2. rpe;jpf;Fk; Nkw;gb epuiy ehk; Nju;e;J njspe;jhy;> vkJ jkpohf;fk; gpd;tUkhW mikAk;: food preparation = czT jahupg;G travel preparation = gaz Maj;jk; monetary value = ehzag; ngWkjp cultural values = gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fs; blood pressure = FUjp mOj;jk; economic pressure = nghUshjhu epu;g;ge;jk; reflective plate = gpujpgypf;Fk; jfL reflective mood = rpe;jpf;Fk; kdepiy NjuhJ njspjy; tpe;ijahd nkhopngau;g;Gf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk; vd;gjw;F ,d;Ndhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gpupj;jhdpag; gpujku; Nfl;gjw;fhfTk;> fw;Wf;nfhs;tjw; fhfTk;> gpujpgypg;gjw;fhfTk; ghy];jPdj;Jf;F nrd;whu; . ,jd; Njhw;Wtha;: …to listen,learn and reflect… kpfTk; fdjp tha;ej ; ,k;%d;W tpidfSk; NkNy fUj;J}d;wp nkhopng au;f;fg;gltpy;iy. Lost in translation vd;gjw;F ,J xU rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;L! ,jd; Neupa jkpohf;fk;: mtu; ...nrtpkLg;gjw;fhfTk;> fw;gjw;fhfTk;> rpe;jpg;gjw;fhfTk;... ghy];jPdj;Jf;F nrd;whu;. kuGj;njhlu;fs; (idioms)> gonkhopfs; (proverbs)> cUtfq;fs; (metaphors)> ,lf;fulf;fy;fs; (euphemisms) Kjypatw;Ws; xUrpytw;iw kl;LNk nrhy;Yf;Fr; nrhy;yhf nkhopngau;f;fyhk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf: at a snail’s pace = ej;ij Ntfj;jpy; People who live in glass-houses shall not throw stones = fz;zhb khspifapy; trpg;gtu;fs; fy;nywpaf; $lhJ a deafening silence = nrtpLgLk;gbahd mikjp ngUk;ghyhd kuGj;njhlu;fisAk;> gonkhopfisAk;> cUtfq;fisAk;> ,lf;fulf;fy;fisAk; ehk; nefpo;j; jpNah> khw;wpNah ngau;f;f Ntz;bAs;sJ: in limbo = fplg;gpy; Put the cart before the horse = khl;Lf;F Kd;Nd tz;biag; G+l;L a heart of stone = fy;neQ;rk; an accessible building = tYjsu;e;Njhu; cl;Gfty;y fl;blk; ,lf;fulf;fy; fUjp> handicap (Cdk;) vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ FiwT. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf disability (tYtPdk;) vd;Dk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJz;L. mJTk; jw;nghOJ kq;fp> differently abled (khw;WtYtpdu;)> special needs persons (jdp trjpapdu;) Nghd;w gjq;fs; Xq;fp tUfpd;wd. mtu;fis physically challenged vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; tof;fKk; cz;L. vkf;F te;j xU kpd;dQ;rypd;gb> nrd;id tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; ,J nka;g;Gy miw$tyu;

36 vd;W nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ! ,q;F physical nka;ia> mjhtJ cliyf; fUJfpwJ. Gyk; vd;gJ ,lk;> Gyd;> ikak;… vd;nwy;yhk; nghUs;gl ty;yJ. vdpDk; miw$tyu; vd;gJ ,q;F mwNt nghUe;jhJ. xU tpthjj;Jf;F miw$ty; tpLg;gJ challenge for a debate MFk;. mjpy; vJtpj ,lf;fulf;fYk; ,y;iy. Physically

nrhy; ,lk;ngwhikNa! The role of men and women vd;gjw;Fk; The role played by men and women vd;gjw;Fk; ,ilNa fUj;jstpy; vJtpj NtWghLk; ,Ug;gjhfj; njup atpy;iy. Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; tfpf;Fk; gq;F vd;Nw ,t;tpU njhlu;fSk; nghUs;gLfpd;wd. ngau; ngauhfTk;> tpid tpidahfTk;> cupr;nrhy; cupr; nrhy;yhfTk;… khj;jpuNk jkpo;g; ghzp Mq;fpyg; ghzp Mq;fpyg; ghzpapy; jkpo; ngaUk; vd;gjw;fpy;iy. vLj;Jf;fhl; lhf> flute accompaniment vd;Dk; njhjkpoupd; milahsk Tamil identity jkpo; milahsk; liu kpfTk; ,yFthfTk;> nrhy;Yf; jkpoupd; irtj;jpy; in Tamil Saivaism jkpo;r; irtj;jpy; Fr; nrhy;yhfTk; Foy; gf;fthj;jpak; jkpoupd; kj milahsq;fs; Tamil religious identities jkpo; kj milahsq;fs; vd;W ngau;f;fyhk;. Violence is a comjkpoupd; kjr;rhu;gw;w milahsk; Secular Tamil identity kjr;rhu;gw;w jkpo; milahsk; mon accompaniment to hatred vd;Dk; challenged vd;gJ handicap (Cdk;) vd;gjw;F Xu; trdj;ijAk; $l> td;Kiw vd;gJ ntWg;Gf;F xU ,lf;fulf;fy; MFk;. mjid cly;tY jsu;eN ; jhu; vd;Nwh> nghJthd gf;fthj;jpak; vd;Nwh> td;Kiw vd;gJ nka;tY jsu;e;Njhu; vd;Nwh… nfhs;syhk;. ntWg;Gf;F xU nghJthd Nru;khdk; vd;Nwh… nkhopngau;f;fyhk;. ,j;jifa nkhopngau;g;igNa ghujpahu;> (3)ghzp: Mq;fpy eilapy; jkpo; vd;W rhbdhu;. Violence is a common Mq;fpyk;-jkpo; nkhopngau;g;Gfspy; ,iof;fg;gLk; tOf; accompaniment to hatred vd;Dk; Mq;fpyf; $w;W Xu; mupa fspd; jhf;fj;jhy;> jkpo;g; ghzp kq;fp tUfpwJ. Mq;fpyg; cz;ikia czu;j;jp epw;fpwJ. ,jd; jkpohf;fk; vd;d ghzp jkpo;g; ghzpaha; Xq;fp tUfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> vd;W rpe;jpg;gijtpl> mJ vj;jifa jkpo;f; $w;wpd; (Ntw;Wik cUGld; $ba) jkpoupd; milahsk; my;yJ Mq;fpy cUtk; vd;gij ,dq;fhz;gNj Gj;jprhypj;jdk;. (ngauil cUtpy; mikAk;) jkpopd milahsk; cUgp me;j tifapy;> ,jid ,g;gb nkhopngau;f;fyhk;: oe;J> milapoe;J jkpo; milahsk; Mfp tUfpwJ. ntWg;Gld; td;Kiw Nru;tJ toik. mt;thNw jkpoupd; irtk; vd;gJ jkpor; ; irtk; vdg;gLfpwJ: Violence is a common accompaniment to hatred. NkNy violence (td;Kiw)> hatred (ntWg;G) vd;Dk; jkpopd; milahsk; NtW> jkpoupd; milahsk; NtW. ngau;fs; ,uz;Lk; jkpopYk; ngau;fshfNt mike; Tamil identity vd;Dk; Mq;fpyj; njhlupy; Tamil xU Js;sd. Common vd;Dk; cupr;nrhy;Yf;F jkpopy; toik ngau;r;nrhy; my;y> Xu; cupr;nrhy; MFk;. Identity vd;gjd; vd;Dk; ngau; cUtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Accompaniment ngauilahfNt ,q;F Tamil mike;Js;sJ. Mq;fpyj;jpy; vd;Dk; ngau; jkpopy; Nru;tJ vd;W tpidg;ngau; Tamil ngau;rn ; rhy;yhfNth> cupnrhy;yhfNth mikaty;yJ: MfpAs;sJ. mjhtJ> ntWg;Gld; td;Kiw Nru;tJ I am a Tamil (ngau;r;nrhy;) toik vdj;jf;f xU $w;Nw Mq;fpyj;jpy; Violence is a comA Tamil word (cupr;nrhy; = ngauil) mon accompaniment to hatred vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ! Mq;fpyj;jpy; Tamil ngau;r;nrhy;yhfNth> cupr;nrhy; ,dp> ntWg;Gld; td;Kiw Nru;tJ toik vd;Dk; yhfNth mikaty;yJ vd;Dk; cz;ik fUj;jpy; nfhs; trdj;ij> It’s usual for violence to accompany hatred vd;W sg;gl;bUe;jhy;> jkpoupd; milahsk;> jkpoupd; irtk;> ehk; kPsTk; nkhopngau;f;fyhk;: ntWg;Gld; td;Kiw Nru;tJ toik. jkpoupd; Njrpathjk;… Nghd;W jkpo;g; ghzpapy; mike;j Violence is a common accompaniment to hatred. njhlu;fs; kq;fNth> jkpo; milahsk;> jkpo;r; irtk;> It’s usual for violence to accompany hatred. jkpo;j; Njrpathjk;… Nghd;W Mq;fpyg; ghzpapy; mike;j Nkw;gb Mq;fpy trd Nrhbapd; nrhy;njhlupay; njhlu;fs; Xq;fNth tha;g;gpy;iy. gq;F> gq;Ftfp> gq;Ftfpg;G> gq;Ftfpf;if> khWgl;lhYk;> nghUs; khWglhik ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. Xu; gq;Ftfpj;jy;… vy;yhk; Vw;nfdNt jkpopy; epiyA+d;wpa Mq;fpyf; $w;wpd; jkpohf;fk; vd;d vd;W rpe;jpg;gijtpl> gjq;fs;. jw;nghOJ tfpghfk; mtw;iw tpQ;rp mJ vj;jifa jkpo;f; $w;wpd; Mq;fpy cUtkha; epiynfhz;Ls;sJ. fUj;jpay; epiyg;ghl;bd; tfpghfk; mikaj;jf;fJ vd;W rpe;jpg;gNj> vk;ik ,ay;ghd jkpo; vd;gjd; Njhw;Wtha;: The role of ideological stance. vq;fs; eilf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;. ve;j xU $w;iwAk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tpjq;fspy; cs;sj;jpy; ciwe;Js;s jkpo; tof;if Mq;fpy tof;F mg;Gwg;gLj;jp tUtij ,J cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. The role nkhopngau;f;fyhk; vd;gJk; Nkw;gb vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfspyp of ideological stance vd;gJ vj;jifa xU jkpo;j; njhlupd; Ue;J GydhfpwJ. ,jw;F ,d;Ndhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L: jw;fhy Mq;fpy cUtkha; mikaj;jf;fJ vd;Dk; tpdhit ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;thsu; xU gy;fiyfofj;jpy; trpg;gJ vOg;gpdhy;> mJ vk;ik fUj;jpay; epiyg;ghL tfpf;Fk; mtu;jk; Fztpay;ghFk;. ,e;j trdj;jpd; Njhw;Wtha; jkpNo vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,jidg; gpd;t gq;F vd;Dk; njhlUf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;. Mz;fsJk; ngz;fsJk; tfpghfk; vd;gjd; UkhW vLj;Jiuf;fyhk;: It is characteristic for a modern literary Njhw;Wtha;: The role of men and women. ,q;F of, and critic to inhabit a university. ,jid NtnwhU tpjkhfTk; ,uz;Lk; Nru;e;J jkpohf;fj;ij jlk;Gus itj;Js;sd. Kd;itf;fyhk;: The modern literary critic characteristically in,jid Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; tfpf;Fk; gq;F vd;W habits a university. cz;ikapy; vk; fz;zpy; gl;l ,e;j ,ay;ghfTk;> ,yFthfTk; ngau;j;jpUf;fyhk;. ngau;f;fhj Mq;fpy trdj;ijNa NkNy> jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;thsu; fhuzk;: ,e;j Mq;fpyj; njhlupy; tfpf;Fk; vd;gjw;Fupa xU gy;fiyfofj;jpy; trpg;gJ mtu;jk; Fztpay;ghFk;

vd;W ehk; Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. “,jd; Njhw;W tha; jkpNo vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy” vd;W ehk; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Ntz;L nkd;Nw! (mts;) kpfTk; re;Njh~khf czu;e;jhs; jhj;jh fisg;gha; czu;e;jhu; Nkw;gb trdq;fspd; Mq;fpyj; Njhw;WthAk;> jkpo;g; ghzp Ak; gpd;tUkhW: (She) felt very happy = (mts;) kpfTk; re;Njh~g;gl;lhs;. Grandpa felt tired = jhj;jh fisg;gile;jhu;. I feel good, We feel happy, They feel tired Nghd;w trdq;fspy; feel nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wpa tpid (intransitive verb) MFk;. njk;G> kfpo;r;rp> fisg;G Nghd;w nrhw;fspy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l czu;T nghjpe;Js;sik ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. xUtu; kfpo;ej ; hu; my;yJ kfpo;r;rp mile;jhu; vd;gNj cupa nghUis czu;j;j ty;yJ. mtu; kfpo;r;rpahf czu;e;jhu; my;yJ fisg;gha; czu;e;jhu; vd;W nfhs;tJ jkpo;g; ghzp MfhJ. vdpDk; feel vd;Dk; nrhy; nrag;gLnghUs; Fd;wh tpdahf (transitive verb) mikAk; ,lq;fspy; czu; nghUe;jf;$Lk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> I felt something crawl up my leg = vd; fhy;kPJ VNjh Cu;tij ehd; czu;e;Njd;. jkpo;> Mq;fpy vrkhdu;fs; ,UtUk; epiwTWk; tz;zk; Mq;fpyj;jpypUe;J jkpOf;F nkhopngau;g;gjpy;

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Sunshine Dental

Dr.Seshanthri Viswasam Family Dentist

416 490 7716 | 416 291 1011 45 Milner Ave #6 Toronto, ON M1S 3P6

NE corner of McCowan and High way 401

Super Care Pharmacy 3228 Eglinton Ave. East Scarborough, ON M1J 2H6 T: 416 298 3784 F: 416 298 3052

Pharmagrace Drug Mart 3850 Finch Ave. East Scarborough ON M1T 3J6 T: 416 267 9900 F: 416 267 1800

Contacts: Ram Pharmacist

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Foe;ijfs; jiuapy; njd;df;fPw;Wf;fspy; cl;fhu itf; fg;gl;ldu;. nghUshjhu tsq;nfhz;l Nkl;Lf;Fbapdu; jkJ gps;isfis aho;g;ghzk;> gUj;jpj;Jiw> njy;ypg;gio> rhtfr;Nrup> Rd;dhfk; Mfpa efuq;fSf;F mDg;gpf; fy;tp gapy itj;jhu;fs;. 19k; E}w;whz;by; njhlf;fg;gFjpapy; ,e;epiyia mtjhdpj;j> GJitA+uhu; kotuhau; vdg;gLk; Gifapiy tzpfupd; kfd; fe;ijah vd;gtUf;F Gj;J}upy; xU gs;s;spf;$lj;ij cUthf;fNtz;Lk; vd;Dk; ey;nyz;zk; jPtpukhf cUthfpaJ. mtu; ,d;Dk; jpy;iyehju;> nghd; dk;gyk; vd;Dk; ,U Gutyu;fSld; Nru;e;J 1931,y; ];uP Nrhkh];fe;jh jkpo;tpj;jpahyak; vd;fpw ghlrhiy ];jhgpj;jhu;. ,ytrf;fy;tp gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l mg;ghlrh iyapd; Muk;gfhy Kjy;tu;fshf jpU.Re;juhr;rhupahUk; mtiuj;njhlu;e;J jpU. tp.tPurpq;fk; (Mde;jrq;fupapd; je;ij) mtu;fSk; gzpahw;wpdu;. mtu; Xa;Tngw mjpgu; gjtpia Vw;w jpU FkhuRthkp mtu;fs; jd; tho;ehs; ciog;G midj;ijAk; fy;Y}upf;Nf mu;g;gzpj;jhu;. ,g;ghlrhiy 1965 ,y; murpdhy; RtPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. jkpOk; Mq;fpyKk; gapw;Wnkhopfshf ,Ue;j fy;Y}up mjpgu; jpU.R.FkhuRthkp mtu;fspd; mupa ciog;gpdhy; 1956 ,y; ];uP Nrhk];fe;jhfy;Y}upahfj; juk; cau;jj ; g;gl;L murpd; cjtpAld; fy;Y}upapd; Ma;Trhiyfs;> E}y;epiy ak; vd;gd tp];jupf;fg;gl;ld. mjpgu; jpU.FkhuRthkpapd; rpwe;j Nritapdhy; fy;tpepiyapy; Kjy; juj;ij milaTk; fy;tpf;fhf gpw efuq;fis ehba khztu;fs; mf;fy;Y}upia ehlyhapdu;. ehsiltpy; Gj;J}u; khztu;fistplTk; ePu;Ntyp> Nfhg; gha;> mr;RNtyp> trhtpohd;> Gd;dhiyf;fl;Ltd;> kl;Ltp yhfpa may;fpuhkq;fspypUe;Jk; khztu;fs; te;J gapd;W gy;fiyf;fofq;fspDs;Sk; Gfyhapdu;. MapDk; mt; mjpgUk; Gj;J}u; ];uP Nrhkh];fe;jh fy;Y}upapy; mjd; ju;kfu;j;jhf;fis vjpu;j;Jf;nfhz;L gQ;rku; Foe;ijfis mDkjpf;fj; jaq;fpdhu;. mq;Nf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjpg;gpuptpidar; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;j vz;zpa mg;Nghija ];uPkhNth gz;lhu ehafhtpd; muR 1966 ,y; nrhf;fjply; vd;Dk; gFjpapy; jypj;Jf;fSf;fhfNt gQ;rrPy ngsj;j ghlrhiy vDk; xU ngsj;jghlrhiyia Muk;gpj;jJ. mq;F khztu;fs; kl;Lky;y Mrpupag; gzpGupaf;$l jypj;Jf;fs; kl;LNk epakpf;fg;gl;ldu;. rpq;fsKk; ngsj;jKk; mq;Nf xU ghlkhfg; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkpNfhtpy; Myag;gpuNtrg; Nghuhl;lk;> epr;rhkk; rhjPaf;fytuq;fs; Jg;ghf;fpr;R+Lfs; md;d epfo;Tfs; ahg;ghzj;jkpo;r;r%fj;jpy; ele;NjwpKbe; jhYk; mitgw;wpa ve;jr; ];kuizfSkw;W Gj;J}upd; rhjpar;r%fk; ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ xU Mr;rupak;. Gj;J}u; ];uPNrhkh];fe;jh fy;Y}up njhlu;e;Jk; jdJ rhjpj; J}a;ikiaAk; ghFghl;ilAk; filg;gpbj;J tUq;fhy; 1971 ,y; rkj;Jt r%frpe;jidahsUk;> rPu;jpUj;jthjpAkhd jpU.ngh.fdfrghgjp mtu;fSf;F mjd; mjpguhFk; mupa tha;g;Gf;fpilj;jJ. ,ay;gpNyNa rkj;Jt rpe;jdhthjpAk;. Gj;njhspkpf;fnjhU rhj;tPfr%fj;ij mikg;gjpy; Ntl; ifAKs;s mjpgUf;F ,e;j eilKiw gpbf;ftpy;iy. jhd; gjtpNaw;wTld; Kjw;fhupakhf fy;Y}up jUkfu;j; jhf;fspd; vjpu;gg ; pidAk; kPwpf;nfhz;L xLf;fg;gl;l r%f

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K.G\;guh[d; 24-05-2010

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Ml;lk; Kbe;j gpd;

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<oj;jpy; ,tDf;F rptrk;G vd;nwhU fzpj thj;jp tha;j;jpUe;jhu;. kDrdpd; kNdhepiy fdlh fhyepiyNghyj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. vg;NghJ ey;y epiyapy; ,Ug;ghu; vg;NghJ nfhjpf;fpd;w vz;nza;ahf ,Ug;ghu; vd;W vtUk; vspjhf mwpe;JtplKbahJ. mJTk; tPl;bypUe;J ntspf;fpLk;NghJ mtupd; kidtpNahL gpzf;Fg;gl;L te;jpUe;jhy;> md;W tFg;gpy; nfhg;gpfs; tpshq;fha;f;F vwpfpd;w fy;Yfs; khjpup tFg;Gf;F ntspNa gwf;fj; njhlq;fptpLk;. xt;nthU ehSk; ahNuh xUtu; ,g;gb gypf;flhthf Ntz;Lk;. gpwF tFg;Gf;F ntspNa Nts; tpf;Fj; jahuha; epw;fpw ML khjpup tFg;G Kbfpwtiu jiyFdpe;J mtkhdj;Jld; epw;fNtz;Lk;. rptrk;G thj;jpapd;iu ,e;j mf;fpukj;jhNyNa gy ngbaq;fSf;F fzpj ghlk; njhlq;fg;Nghfpd;wJ vd;whNy -fdlhj; jkpo;f; filfspy; ciwg;G kpFe;j nfhj;Jnuhl;biaj; jpd;wgpd; tapw;Wf;F tUk; cgj;jpuk;Nghy- fyf;fkhapUf;Fk;. ,tdJ tFg;gpy; jkpo;g; ngl;ilnahUj;jp ,Ue; jhs;. Rk;khNt moFjhd;> Mdhy; mJ Nghjhnjd;W xt;nthUehSk; xt;nthU fyupy; myq;fhuk; nra;Jnfhz; LtUths;. xUehs; rptg;Gtu;zj;jpy; Milfs; mzpe;J tUfpd;whs; vd;why; fOj;jpy; Nghl;bUf;Fk; nrapd;> fhy;/if tpuy; efq;fs;> Vd; rpyNtisfspy; jiykapu; $l mzpe;jpUf;Fk; Milfspd; tu;zj;jpw;F Vw;g khwpap Uf;Fk;. czT ,ilntspfspy; nlhkpNdh> gpsf; [f; vd;W fhR itj;Jr; R+jhLk; ngbaq;fs; rpyu; $l> mts; ,d;iwf;F vd;d fyupy; tUths; vd;gij itj;J R+jhLk; mstpw;F mtspd; moFk; myq;fhuKk; ghlrhiy tl;lh uj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ,g;gb vy;yhtw;iwAk; ghu;j;Jg; ghu;j;J Neu;j;jpahfr;nra;Ak; mtSf;F gpbf;fhj xU tplakpUe;jJ> mJ fzpjk;. ,e;j xU tplaj;jhy;jhd; ,tNdhL mts; Kjd;Kjypy; gofj;njhlq;fpdhs;. mt;tg;NghJ jug;gLk; tPl;LNtiyfs;> mird;nkd;l;fs;> Fap];fspy; nfhQ;rk; ey;y Gs;spfs; ngw;Wtpl;lhy; gpwF ,Wjpg;guPl;ir mt;t sT nra;ahtpl;lhYk; ftiyg;glj;Njitapy;iy. rpyNtisfspy; rpy fzf;Ffis ,td; tpsq;fg;gLj;Jk;NghJ mts; vq;ifahtJ Ntbf;if ghu;j;Njh my;yJ Nghl;b Uf;Fk; myq;fhuj;ijr; rup nra;Njh nfhz;bUg;ghs;. ,ijg;ghu;j;J ,tDf;F vupr;ry; te;J> ',g;gb myq;fhuk; NghLfpd;w Neuj;jpy; nfhQ;r Neuj;ijahtJ fzf;Fg; gbf;f gad;gLj;jpdhy; ed;whfr; nra;ayhNk' vdf;

'tp];fp' Nghy kpfTk; fdpthd kDrd;. NkYk; ,ts; ghlk; elf;Fk;NghJ ghlj;ijf; ftdpf;fhJ vijahtJ nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jhy; $l> x];Nuh];tp];fp thj;jp Cupy; ,tDf;F thj;jpkhu; nra;tJNghy> mtis tFg;gpy; vOk;gp epw;fr;nrhy;ypNah> tFg;igtpl;L ntspNa Nghfr; nrhy;yNth -Kf;fpakhfgpuk;ig vLj;J mbf;fNth khl;lhu;. ; .

,e;j ,lk;ngau;T Kd;ida fhyq;fspy; epfo;ej ; J Nghy my;yntd vy;NyhUf;Fk; ed;F tpsq;fptpl;lJ. ,dpNky; epue;jukhf ,e;j Ciu... gbj;j ghlrhiyia... tpl;Lg;gpupag; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;w ftiy ,Ue;jhYk; mij Nktpajhf nfh^u Aj;jk; fz;Kd;Nd epfo;e;Jnfhz;b Ue;jJ. ,uhZtk; Kd;Ndwp Gjpa ,lq;fisg; gpbj;J Kfhk; mikj;jgpd; Fz;Lr; rj;jq;fs; rw;W Xa;e;jJ khjpup ,Ue;jJ. kio epd;whYk; J}thdk; epw;fhjJ Nghy mt;tt;NghJ ,uhZtKk; ,af;fKk; Kl;Lg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. xt;nthU thuKk; Gjd;fpoikfspy; ngbas; ghijfisf; fpspau; nra;JnfhLf;f> Cu;r;rdk; tPLfspYk; Njhl;lq;fspYk; tpl;Lte;j cilikfis vLj; Jtuj; njhlq;fpapUe;jdu;. mg;NghJjhd; ,td; jd; ghl rhiy mjpgiu ePz;l ehl;fSf;Fg;gpwF fz;lhd;.

46 rz;il %shj gFjpapy; mjpgupd; tPbUe;Jk; Vd; ,q;F te;J ,e;jhs; f~;lg;gLfpwJ vd;Wjhd; Kjypy; epidj;jhd;. Mapuk; NgUf;F Nky; gbf;Fk; ghlrhiyapy; mjpguha; mtu; ,Ue;jhYk; ,tDf;Fk; mtUf;Fkhd cwT vd;gJ jdpj;JtkhdJ. rpyrkaq;fspy; rpytplaq;f Sf;F vt;tsT fhuzq;fisr; nrhd;dhYk; Nghjhik ,Ug;gJNghy mjpgUlhd jdJ cwT vg;gb Kfpo;e;j njd;gij epidf;Fk;NghJk; ,tdhy; xU njspthd gjpiyf; fz;lwpa KbahjpUf;Fk;.. fle;jfhyj;ijg; gw;wp ,g;NghJ epidj;jhYk;> mtDf;F mJ R+whtsp te;J Xu; cYf;F cYf;fp tpl;Lg; Nghdijg; Nghy tpjpu;tpjpu;f;fr; nra;fpwJ. mf;nfh Lq;fhyk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; <oj;jpy; te;J Kfhq;fs; mikj;j fhykha; ,Ue;jJ. ,af;fk;> rhjhuz ngbaq;fs; Nghy rhuj;JlDk;> kiwf;fg;gl;l fpuidl;Lkhfj; jpupe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,tdJ mg;ghtpw;F nfhOk;gpy; filnahd;wpy; Ntiy. gpur;rpidfs; jPtpuk; Mf Mf te;J NghFk; ghij mbf;fb %lg;gl mg;gh CUf;F te;Nj khjq;fs; gy MfpapUe;jJ. twpa R+oy; vd;whYk; mtdJ mk;khtpw;F vy;NyhUf;Fk; ,ad;wsT cjtNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; vg;NghJkpUe;jJ. ,af;fj;jpypUe;j ngbaq;fSf;F mtutu;fspd; tPl;by; $l cs;Eioa mDkjpg;gjpy;iy; vnddpy; vg;NghJk; ,e;jpad; Mkp ,af;fj;Jf;Fg; Nghd Mf;fspd; tPli ; lf; fOFf;fz;NzhL fz;fhzpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,af;fg; ngbaq;fs; tPl;il te;J Nghdhq;fs; vd;W Nfs;tpg;gl;lhy; gpwF mf;FLk; gq;fspd; epiyik tpguPjkhfptpLk;. xU gps;isiaj;jhd; ehl;Lf;F jiyKOfptpl;lhr;R> kw;wg; gps;isfisahtJ xOq;fha; tsu;j;J Mshf;FNthk; vd;w vz;zNk md;iw afhyj;jpy; gy ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ. jk; rhit ehl;fzf;fpy; xj;jpg;Nghl;L> ,e;jpad; Mkpf;F xOq;iff Sf;Fs; Eioe;J Ropj;Jg;Nghl;L tho;e;Jnfhz;bUe;j ,af;fg; ngbaq;fSf;F md;wd;iwa rhg;ghL fpilg;gJ vd;gJ ngUk; jpz;lhl;lkha; ,Ue;jJ. Mgj;J gpd;tl P L ; f;Fs; gJq;fp epd;whYk;> ngbaq;f Sf;F mtpj;Jf; nfhl;lhky; ,Uf;fkhl;Nld; vd mtdJ mk;kh ,af;fj;jpw;F rikj;Jf;nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. mNefkha; ngbas; ,utpy;jhd; tUthu;fs;. mtdJ Cupy; kpd;rhuk; vd;w xU rhkhNd ,y;yhjjhy; rdnky; yhk; MW VO kzpf;Nf ,uTzitr; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;L vl;L xd;gJ kzpf;Fs; cwq;fg; Ngha;tpLk;. rhg;gpl tUfpd;w ngbaq;fs; jdpj;J tukhl;lhu;fs;. ,uz;L %d;W Nguha;j ;jhd; Nru;e;J tUthu;fs;. xUtd; rhg;gpl kw;nwhUtd; ,uz;L tPLjs;sp epd;W Mkpapd;elkhl;lk; njd;gL fpd;wjh vdr; nrd;wp ghu;g;ghd;. gpwF nrd;wp ghu;j;jtd; rhg;gpl> Vw;fdNt rhg;gpl;ltd; Mkpapd; mirTfs; njupfp wjh vd ,Uspy; tpopnawpe;J cw;Wg;ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;b Ug;ghd;. ,g;gb tUfpd;w ngbaq;fspy; rpyu; jq;fsJ ngw;Nwhiuf; fz;L tUlq;fs; rpythfpapUf;Fk;. mtu;fs; rhg;gpl;lgb jq;fsJ mk;khf;fspd; epidTfis ,tdJ mk;khNthL gfpu;e;J nefpo;e;jgb epw;ghu;fs;. rpy ngbaq;fs; czu;r;rpg;ngUf;fpy; 'mk;kh ,t;tsT ngUk; Mgj;ijAk; ghu;f;fhJ vq;fSf;F rhg;ghL rikj;J jUfpwpas;. cq;fSf;F vd;d mk;kh ehq;fs; ifkhwha;j; jug;

Nghfpd;Nwhk;?' vd;ghu;fs;. ,tdJ mk;khTk;> ,tidf; fhl;b ',td; cq;fspd; taJf;F tUk;NghJ vd;idtpl;L tpl;L ,tDk; cq;fisg;Nghy ,af;fnkd xspe;Jjpup ah ky; epk;kjpaha; tho ,e;jf; Nfhjhupg;gl;l gpur;rpid vy; yhk; nfjpaha;j; jPuNtz;Lk;' vd;ghu;. mtu;fs; ,e;j thu;j; ijfisf; fhw;Wld; fhtpf;nfhz;L ,Ul;bdpy; kiwthu;fs;. ehl;fs; nry;yr; nry;y> Nuhe;J Nghfpd;w ,e;jpad; Mkpf;F ngbaq;fs; gy ,lq;fspy; mbf;fj; njhlq;fptpl; lhq;fs;. ,uz;L gf;fKk; jpdk; ,og;Gf;fsha; ,Ue;jJ. ,J Nghjhnjd;W ,af;fk; jq;fisj; jtpu NtW ,af;fk; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;W kw;w ,af;fg; ngbaq;fisAk; Nghl;Lj; js;sj;njhlq;fptpl;lJ. ,tdJ mk;kh ,tw;iw nay;yhk; Nfs;tpg;gl;L> rhg;gpl tUfpd;w ngbaq;fsplk; ,itgw;wp tprhupg;ghu;. 'mtq;fs; vy;yhk; vq;fil ,yl;rp aj;ijf; fhl;bf;nfhLf;fpd;w JNuhfpfs; mk;kh' vd;ghu;fs;. 'ahuha; ,Ue;jhYk; mtq;fisAk; vd;idg; Nghd;w mk;khf;fs;jhNd ngj;jJfs;> vy;NyhUk; vq;fSf;Fg; gps;isfs;jhNd jk;gpfkhu;' vd mk;kh nky;ypa Fuypy; nrhy;ths;. NkYk; njhlu;e;J fijf;fg;Nghdhy; rpy ngbaq;fs; rhg;ghl;bd; ,ileLtpy; Nfhgj;Jld; vOk;gpg; Ngha;tpLthu;fs;. ,jw;fhfNt gpwF mk;kh ,t;thwhd tplaq;fisf; fijg;gij epWj;jp mtu;fspd; fijfis kl;Lk; Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

xU ehs; Ie;jhW Mkp ,tq;fspd; Cu;g;gf;fkha; [Pg;gpy; tpbaf;fhiy te;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. ngbas; ,iuf;fha; ,uNthL ,utha; fz;zpntbiag; Gijj;Jtpl;L fhj;jpUe; jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;. [Pg; fz;zpntbapy; mfg;gl;Lj; jlk;Gus> jg;gpNahba MkpiaAk; Juj;jpr; Juj;jpr; Rl;bUf; fpd;whu;fs;. ,g;gb MW Mkp xNu rk;gtj;jpy; nfhy;yg; gl;lJ mJNt Kjy; jlitahf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jpad; Mkpf;fhuu;fs; ,uhzpj;NjdPiar; R+Ok; NjdPf;fs; Nghy Ciur; Rw;wp tisf;fj; njhlq;fptpl;lhu;fs;. mjpf neUf;f bapd;wp Rk;kh fsj;jpy; ,wf;fhj> nfhLk; $u;ff ; hg; gilAk; $l te;jpUe;jJ. Cu;r;re;jpapy; Nghw thw rdj;jpw;F ahupijr; nra;jJ vdf;Nfl;Lf; Nfl;Lg; gaq;fu mbahk;> tPLfspypUf;Fk; ngbaq;fisAk; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L Nghfpd;whq;fshk; vd;W fijfs; vy;yhj; jpirfspypUe;J gutj;njhlq;fpd. tPl;by; mk;khTk; ,tDe;jhd; jdpj;jp Ue;jdu;. 'mk;khshr;rpNa vq;fil rdj;Jf;F xU gpur;rpid Ak; tuhJ fhg;ghj;J' vd mk;kh Kdfpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;. fpSit Ntypfis ntl;b ntl;bf; nfhz;L rpW rpW FOf;fha; Mkp xOq;iffSf;Fs; cs;Eioe;J tuj;njhlq; fptpl;lhu;fs;. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpw;Fupa xUtif thr idf;F xt;thJ eha;fSk;> khLfSk; rj;jk; Nghlj; njhlq;fptpl;ld. ,dp elf;fg;NghFk; rk;gtq;fSf;Fr; rhl;rpaha;jhd; ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iynadr; R+upad; fUk; Nkfj;ijg; Nghu;j;jpf;nfhz;L gJq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,tdJ tPlL ; f;Fs;Sk; xU Mkpf; F&g; Vwptpl;lJ. toik aha; Nuhe;J tUfpd;w Mkpf;FOtha; ,J ,y;iy. mtu; fs; mbf;fb Nuhe;J tUfpd;wgbahy; mtu;fspd; Kfk; ,tDf;Fg; gupl;rakha; ,Ue;jJ. me;jf; FOtpy; jkpo; NgRk; MkpnahUtu; ,Ue;jjhy; mtNu gpwiuf; fhtYf;F tpl;Ltpl;L toikahd NjLjy;fis tPlL ; f;Fs; elj;Jthu;. 'kw;w Mkp mg;gb VJk; NjLjy; elj;j tPl;Lf;Fs; te;jhy;

36 ePq;fs; xUtUk; cs;Ns epw;fNtz;lhk;> Kw;wj;jpy; te;J epy;Yq;fs;> mJNt ghJfhg;ghdJ' vd;W xUKiw mtu; mk;khtplk; $wpapUe;jhu;. NtW rpy tPLfspy; cs;Ns ngz;fs; ,Ue;jNghJ Vw;gl;l rpy mrk;ghtpjq;fs; mtUf; Fk; njupe;jpUf;Fk; NghYk;. Mdhy; ,k;Kiw te;j Mkpf; F&g;gpy; me;j jkpo; MkpiaNah my;yJ Ntnwe;j njupe;j Kfj;ijNah fhzhjJ mk;khtpw;Fg; glglg;ig ,d;Dk; $l;btpl;lJ.

mk;kh cs;spl;l ,we;j ,af;fg;ngbas; gyupd; gy;NtW tifahd Fuy;fs; ,tDf;Fs; gy;fpg; ngUfj;njhlq;fpd. ghlrhiyf;Fg; NghdhYk; ,tdhy; ghlq;fspy; ftdQ;nr Yj;jKbatpy;iy> mk;kh RLgl;Lr; nrj;jij gy;NtW epiyfspy; itj;Jg; ghu;ff ; j; njhlq;fpdhd;. ve;jj; jUzk; epfohJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mk;kh fhg;ghw;wg;gl;bUg;ghs; vd;gJ gw;wp mjpfk; Nahrpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;

Mkp cs;Ns jk; NjLjy; Ntl;iliar; nra;al; Lnkd ,tDk; ,tdJ mk;khTk; Kw;wj;jpy; te;J epd;wNghJ rl;nld;W GOjpiaf; fpsg;gpf;nfhz;L xU [Pg; te;J epd;wJ. mjpypUe;J ,wq;fpa MkpNahL xU jiyahl;bAk; $lNt te;J ,wq;fpdhu;. ,e;jpa muR epthuzk; jUfpd;w muprp igiaj; jiyfPohf jiyahl; bapd; Kfj;jpy; ftpo;jJ ; > fz;fSf;F kl;Lk; Xl;il Nghl;b Ue;jdu;. mt;tpopfspy; kuz gak; gpJq;fpf; nfhz;bUe; jJ> VNjh mrk;ghtpjk; epfog;Nghfpd;wJ vd;W ,tdJ cs;kdk; nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,Jtiu jd; Jbg;igf; fhl;lhJ gJq;fpapUe;j ,jak;> ,g;NghJ mijf; ifapy; itj;J cw;Wg; ghu;g;gJNghy mjpNtfkha;j; Jbf;fj; njhlq;fpaij ,tdhy; czuKbe;jJ.

,t;thW ,td; jdf;Fs;NsNa jd;idNa njhiyj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy;jhd; ghlrhiy mjpgu; ,tdpy; jdpg;gl;l ftdk; vLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhu;. ,tdpd; je;ijAk; CupypUe;J xd;Wk; nra;aKbahJ vd nfhOk; Gf;F kPz;Lk; nry;y ,td; mtdpd; mk;kk;khNthL ,Uf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

jiyahl;b jd; jiyia NkYk; fPOkha; 'Xk;' vd;gjw;F milahskha; mk;khitg; ghu;j;J Ml;bdhd;. mijj; njhlu;e;J xU $u;f;fh mk;khtpd; jiykapiug; gpbj;J [Pg;gpy; tYf;fl;lhakha; Vw;wj;njhlq;fpdhd;. mk;kh> 'ehd; ve;jj; jtWk; nra;atpy;iy> vd;id vjw;F [Pg;gpy; Vj;Jfpwpas;' vdf; fj;jpdhs;. mtspd; mywy;> eprg;jk; ngUfptope;j ntspia xU fj;jpiag; Nghy fpopj;Jf;nfhz;L NghdJ. [Pg;gpy; VwhJ jd; fhy;fis epyj;NjhL Nja;jJ ; f;nfhz;L mk;kh gpbthjkha; epw;fpwhs;. xU Neuk; rhg;gplhJ tpujk; ,Ue;jhNy Nrhu;e;JtpLk; mk;khtpw;F vt;thW ,e;jg; ngUk; gyk; te;njd ,tDf; Fj; jpifg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. mk;khtpd; gpbthjj;ijf; fz;l> ,d;DnkhU $u;f;fh [Pg;gpy; mtis Vw;wj; Jizf;F tUfpd;whd;. jd; Njhspy; mtdJ if gbtijj; jtpu;f;f mk;kh thahy; mtdpd; ifiaf; fbj;JtpLfpd;whs;. ntwpnfhz;l eha;Nghy me;jf; $u;f;f;fh ntFz;nlOe;J mk;kh tPl;by; mzpe;jpUe;j 'Nrhl;b'iaf; fpopj;JtpL fpd;whd;. vq;fpUe;Njh te;jpw;Nwh njupahJ ,t;tsT ngUk; %u;ff ; k;. Njq;fha; ntl;Ltjw;fha; Kw;wj;jpy; fple;j fj;jpiaj; J}f;fpf;nfhz;L 'Ntir ktNd' vd mtidntl;l mk;kh Xbdhs;. me;j nrhw;g ,ilntspf;Fs; fhw;iw tpl tpiutha;j; Njhl;lhf;fs; ckpog;gl;bUe;jd. mtDf;F kl;Lkpy;yhJ ,af;fg; ngbaq;fSf;Fk; mk;kh thapUe;j mk;kh epyj;jpy;> FUjpapy; rupe;JNghapUe;jhs;. gpwF ele;jnjy;yhk; ahUila nrhw;fisf; Nfl;L mtd; nra;jJ kl;LNk. vy;NyhiuAk; jtpu;j;J mk;kh NthL kl;Lk; ,td; jdpNa ciuahlj; njhlq;fpdhd;. mk;khtpd; Fuy;fs; ,utpy; kl;Lkpy;yhJ gfypYk; Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpd. mk;kh vg;NghJk; jd;id mUtkha; gpd; njhlu;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;whs; vd;gij ,td; kpfj; jPtp ukha; ek;gj;njhlq;fpdhd;. mk;khtpw;F ele;jJ mwpe;J mtdJ mg;gh nfhOk;gpypUe;J te;jpUe;jhu;. mtNuhL ,tdhy; mjpfk; xl;l Kbatpy;iy. fhyk; nry;yr; nry;y

cs;kdf;Fuy;fis cw;Wf;Nfl;fg; gofpa ,td; ehsiltpy; mit mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; jpirfspw;F vy;yhk; miyaj;njhlq;fpdhd;. rpy ,lq;fs; mtd; ,Jtiu NghapUf;fhj ,lq;fsha; ,Uf;Fk;. fhuzk; vJTkpd;wp vg;gb ,q;Nf te;jile;jhd; vdg; Gjpa ,lq;fisf; fz;L ,td; jpifg;ghd;. vy;NyhiuAk; tpl mtdJ ghlrhiy mjpgUf;Nf mtdJ gpur;rpidfs; Jy;ypakhfg; Gupaj; njhlq;fpd. ghlrhiy Kbe;jgpd; jpdKk; jd; tPl;Lf;F tur; nrhd;dhu; mjpgu;. ehd;F iky;fs; irf;fps; cof;fp ,td; Nghthd;. mq;F mtUk; mtuJ kidtpAk; mofha;g; guhkupj;j Njhl;lj;jpy; mtu;fNshL Nru;e;J Ntiy nra;tJk;> ,isg;ghW tJkha; nghOJfs; fopaj;njhlq;fpd. 'cd;dhy; gbg;gpy; ftdQ;nrYj;j Kbatpy;iynad;why; cdf;Fg; gpbj;jJ NtW vd;d vd Nahrpj;J mjpy; ftdQ;nrYj;jg;ghu; vd;whu; mjpgu; xUehs;. kdij xUq;Nf Ftpf;Fk; NghJjhd; Fuy;fs; Nfl;fpd;wd vdNt cliy Kd;dp Wj;Jk; cijge;jhl;lj;jpy; ,td; ftdQ;nrYj;jj; njhlq;fp dhd;. ,lJfhy; gof;fKilatdhfTk;> tpiuthf XLgtdhfTk; ,Ue;jjhy; cijge;jhl;lj;jpy; ,tdhy; gpufhrpf;f Kbe;jJ. mtd; vjpuzp tPuu;fisr; Ropj;Jg; ge;ijf; tpiutha;f; nfhz;LNghfpd;wtdha; ,Ue;jjhy; 'Ropad;' vd;w gl;lg; ngau; $l mtDf;F itf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpgu; xUehs; mtDf;F uTdpypUe;J md;iwa fhyj;jpy; gpugy;akhap Ue;j kuNlhdhtpd; N[u;rpia thq;fpf;nfhz;L te;J md;gspg;ghfj; ju ,td; nefpo;e;jhd;. nky;y nky;y mtdpd; cs;kdf;Fuy;fs; mlq;fpg;Nghf ,ay;Gf;F tuj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

kPz;Lk; rz;ilfs; njhlq;fptpl;ld. ,e;jKiw ,yq;if ,uhZtj;NjhL. Ciu tpl;L ,uTfspy; ntspNaWtJk; gfypy; tUtJkha; ,Ue;j fhyk; Ngha; Kw;W KOjhf Ciutpl;L ePq;f Ntz;bajhfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ ,tDf;F. xU Gjd;fpoik tPl;bypUf;Fk; kpr;r cilikfisAk; vLf;f te;jNghJjhd; mjpgiuf; fz;L> Vd; ,e;jhs; ,q;Nf te;J epw;fpwJ vd;W Nahrpj;jhd;. gpwF mtUld; fijj;jNghJjhd; khztu;fspd; rhd;wpjo;f isAk; Kf;fpa Mtzq;fisAk; vLf;f te;jpUf;fpd;whu; vd;gJ njupe;jJ. mijnay;yhk; vLj;jgpd; ,lk;ngau;e;

jpUe;j ghlrhiyf;Fj; Njitahd jsghlq;fisAk; vLf;fNtz;Lnkd mjpgu; xw;iwf;fhypy; gpbthjk; gpbj;j gb epd;whu;. mq;Nf ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;Jnfhz;bUe;j ,af;fg; ngbaq;fSk;> tPL ghu;f;f te;j rdq;fSe;jhd; ,e;jepiyapy; ngupa nghUl;fis efu;j;jKbahJ> NtnwhU rkaj;jpy; mijr; nra;ayhk; vd;W mjpgiur; rkhspj;J mDg;gpitj;jhu;fs;. 'epiyik Nghfpd;wNghf;ifg; ghu;j;jhy; ,d;Dk; Nkhrkhf MFk; Nghy ,Uf;fpwJ. ePAk; ,q;fpUe;jhy; ,af;fj;jpw;Fj;jhd; NghfNtz;btUk;. ntspehl;Lf;Fg; Nghfpd;w topiag; ghu;' vd mjpgu; ,tidg; ghu;j;J mf;fiwahfr; nrhd;dhu;. mJjhd; mtiu ,td; ,Wjpah fg; ghu;j;jJ. ,lk;ngau ,lk;ngau me;je;j ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;j ghlrhiyfspy; jw;fhypfkha; ,td; gbf;fj;njh lq;fpdhd;. Vw;fdNt ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j ,d;ndhU ghlrhiyNahL ,ize;J ,tdJ Cu;g;ghlrhiyAk; vq;Nfh njhiytpy; nfhQ;rg;gps;isfNshL ,aq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,tdhy;jhd; mq;Nf Ngha;g; gbf;f Kbatpy;iy.

nfhOk;gpy; Ntiy nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j mg;gh ,tidf; nfhOk;Gf;F tur;nrhd;dhu;. mk;kh mg;ghit jpUkzQ; nra;jNghJ rPjdkha;f; nfhLf;fg;gl;l fhzpia tpw;W> ,tdpd; jfg;gd; V[d;rpf;F fdlhtpw;Fg; Nghfg; gzk; fl;bdhu;. VO khjkha; ehiye;J ehLfspy;miye;J jpupe;J ,Wjpapy; fdlhtpw;F te;J mi]yk; mbj;jhd;. Gjpa ehL> Gjpa fyhrhuk;> Gjpa fhyepiyNahL> Mq;fpynkhopAk; njupahJ mtjpg;gl;lNghJ> cs;Ns ,JtiufhyKk; mlq;fpg;NghapUe;j Fuy;fs; kPz;Lk; fufuf;fj; njhlq;fpd. mtdJ mk;kh nghopAk; gdpf;Fs; ,ilapilNa Njhd;wp mtid kPz;Lk; Gjpa ,lq;fSf;F miyj;Jr; nry;yj; njhlq;fpdhu;. Cupy; Nghytd;wp ,q;Nf Fuy;fisg; gpd; njhlu;e;J nrd;W> njhiye;j ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J kPz;Lk; tPl;Lf;F tUtJ vd;gJ kpff; fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ. jpirNfl;L xOq;fha; te;J Nru;tjw;F ,tDf;F nkhopAk; Njhypd; epwKk; xU jilahf ,Ue;jJ. G+r;rpaj; Jf;F fPNo 20 ghiff;Fg; NghFk; fhyq;fspy; $l cupa Milfs; mzpahJ> tPl;Lf;Fs; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; MilfSld; Fuy;fisg; gpd; njhlu;e;J Nghfpd;wtdhfTk; Mfp apUe;jhd;. ez;gd; xUtdpd; cjtpahy; mjpgupd; jw;fhypf Kftupiag; ngw;W mjpgUf;F xU fbjk; vOjpdhd;. jhd; kPz;Lk; Fuy;fisf; Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpapUg;gjhfTk;> Kf;fpakha; jd;dhy; Mq;fpyk; ,y;yhJ ,q;Nf xU NtiyAk; nra;a KbahJ ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gijAk; mjpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhd;. mjpgupd; gjpy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; te;jpUe;jh Yk; mtdpw;F mJ kpfTk; ,jkhapUe;jJ. Mq;fpyk; fw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mt;tsT xd;Wk; fbdkpy;iynad> jhd; Mq;fpyk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l mDgtq;fis fbjj;jpy; ,tD ld; mtu; gfpu;e;Jnfhz;lhu;. ,yq;ifiag; Nghy md;wp> cs;spypUe;J xypf;Fk; Fuy;fSf;F fdlhtpy; cupa rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; itj;jpUg;ghu;fs; mtw;iw mZfpg; ngWf vd;w mjpgupd; njhlu;r;rpahd mwpTiuia Vw;W ,td; itj;jpau;fsplk; MNyhrid Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

36 8.

fdlhtpd; tho;f;ifr; R+oYf;Nfw;W jd;idj; jftikf;fTk;> Mq;fpyKk; xusT gpbglTk;> mtd; ghlrhiyf;F tpUg;Gld; nry;yj; njhlq;fpdhd;.. fzpjj; jpy; kPjpUe;j Mu;te;jhd; ,g;NghJ ,e;jg; ngl;iliaAk; ,tNdhL neUq;f itj;jpUf;fpwJ. mtSf;Fk; ,tidg; gpbj;jpUf;fpwJ NghYk;. ,g;gbapg;gb ,d;dpd;d fyupy; eP Milfs; mzpe;jhy; ,d;Dk; gspr;nrdj; njuptha; vd mbf;fb $wTk; njhlq;fpdhs;. ,td; xU fhjyu; jpdj;jd;W mNefkhd Mz;fs; nfhLg;gJNghy xU rptg;G Nuh[hTk; tho;j;jl;ilAk; nfhLj;J g;uNgh]; nra;Jnfhz;lhd;. 'eP fzpjk; nrhy;ypj; jUk;tiu ehd; cd;idf; fhjypf;fj;jhNd Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ> NtW topapy;iy' vd ef;fybj;J Nuh[hg;G+it thq;fpf; nfhz;lhs;. ,tDf;F mts; mg;gbr; nrhd;dJ Nfl;L Kfk; RUq;fpg;NghdJ. mijf; fz;L> ',y;iy> vdf;Fk; cd;idg; gpbj;jpUf;fpwJ> ,y;yhtpl;lhy; Nuh[hit thq;fpf;nfhs;Ntdh?' vd mtidj; Njw;wp xU Kj;jq; nfhLj;jhs;. md;W Kjd; Kjyhf mtspd; iftpuy;fisf; Nfhu;j;Jf;nfhz;L mts; tPLtiu ele;J NghapUe;jhd;. gpupakhd ngz;Zk;> Nghupy;yhr; mikjpahd epiyikAk; fdlhtpy; ,Ue;Jk; $l> ,iyAjpu;fhyq; fspYk; - R+upad; Kfq;fhl;lhJ Gije;jpUf;Fk;- gdpf;fhyq; fspYk; mk;kh ,tNdhL mjpfk; Ngrj;njhlq;Ftij ,tdhy; jtpu;f;f Kbtjpy;iy. ',af;fg; ngbas; rhg;gpl tPl;il tug;Nghfpwhq;fs;> jk;gp nfjpaha; ,e;j ntq;fhaj;ij ntl;bj;jhlh' vd;Nwh ,y;iy 'ce;jg; Gspaq;Nfhij cilj;J Gspiaj; jz;zpapy; fiuj;Jj; jhlh> Fok;G nfhjpr;rpl;Llh' vd;Nwh neUq;fp te;J Nfl;fj; njhlq;fptpLthu;. mk;khtpy; mtDf;F mt;tsT ghrk;. vdNt mk;kh ePq;fs; js;spg;Nghq;Nfh vd;W nrhy;yhky; mtu; fijg;gijnay;yhk; mtd; nghWik ahfr; nrtpkLf;fj; njhlq;fptpLthd;. cau;fy;Y}up Kbe;J mLj;J nfhyPapw;fh my;yJ A+dpNtu;rpl;bapw;fh NghtJ vd;w Fog;gk; ,tDf;F te;jJ. jdf;F gbg;gpypUe;J xUtUl ,ilntsp Ntz;Lnkdr; nrhy;yp cztfk; xd;wpy; KONeukha; Ntiy nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhd;. mts; jhd; A+dptu;rpl;bf;F Nghfg; Nghfpd;nwd njhiy J}u tshfk; xd;wpy; mDkjp vLj;Jg; Ngha;tpl;lhs;. ,td; ld;lh]; ];FaUf;F mUfpypUf;Fk; cztfk; xd;wpy;jhd; Ntiy nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhd;. Kjyhk; tUlk; gbg;G Kbj;J mts; ,tidr; re;jpj;jNghJ nrhy;yNtz;ba vijiaNah njhz;ilf;Fs; itj;Jf;nfhz;L jtpg;gJ Nghyj;njupe;jJ. 'vd;d..jaq;fhky; nrhy;Y?' vd;whd;. 'ehq;fs; cau;fy;Y} upapy; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;jJNghy ey;y ez;gu;fsha; ,Ue;JtpLNthkh' vd;whs; mts;. ,tDf;F fOtjw;F fhj;jpUe;j xU E}W rhg;ghl;Lf; Nfhg;igfs; epyj;jpy; xNu Neuj;jpy; rpjwptpOe;jJ khjpupahd czu;T neQ;rpw;Fs; voj; njhlq;fpaJ. 'Vd; ehd; cd;NdhL Nru;e;J gbf;f tuhjjh? fhuzk;' vd ,td; Nfl;lhd;. 'mg;gbapy;iy> eP ,d;dKk; cd; mk;khNthL ciuahbf;nfhz;bUg;gJjhd; vdf;F kpfTk; mr;r%l;LfpwJ. vy;NyhUf;Fk; mtutu;

36 tho;f;if Kf;fpak; my;yth?' vd;whs;. 'Are you seeing someone?' vdf; Nfl;lhd;. 'Hmm, May be' vd;whs; mts;. ‘Now I know the reason Bitch' vd;whd; ,td;. 'Really, When we had sex, I was your soul, Now, I'm a F***ing Bitch. I know guy's philosophy. Get a Life' vdf; $wptpl;L mts; kiwe;jhs;.

,td; kPz;Lk; ePz;lehl;fspd; gpd;> jhd; mDgtpj; Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; vy;yh NtjidfisAk; nfhl;b mjpgUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjj; njhlq;fpdhd;. mjpgu;> jhd; ,g;NghJ ghlrhiy mjpgu; nghWg;gpypUe;J ,isg;ghwp ,yq;if murpd; mgptpUj;jp rk;ge;jkhd xU Jiwapy; Ntiy nra;tjhf vOjpapUe;jhu;. 'rkhjhd cld;gbf;if Vw;gl;L ,g;NghJ epiyik R%fkha; ,Uf;fpwJ> cdf;F fdlhtpypUg;gJ f~;lnkd;why; ,yq;iff;F th> jhd; VjhtJ xU Ntiy vLj;Jj; jUfpd;Nwd;' vdf; $wpapUe; jhu;. 'fdlh vd; fz;Zf;Fj; njupahj fz;zpfshy; vd;idg; gpizj;J itj;jpUf;fpwJ> tpiutpy; mtw;iw mWj;njwpe;Jtpl;L tUfpd;Nwd;' vd ek;gpf;ifAld; ,td; gjpy; vOjpdhd;.

gUtk; khwp ,iyfs; cjpu;e;Jnfhz;bUe;j xU ehs;> vupnghUs; epiyaj;jpy; jdJ fhu; ,ileLtpy; ngw;Nwhy; ,y;yhJ epd;Wtpl;lJ. ,e;jf; fydpd; ngw;Nwhy; epug;gNtz;Lnkdf; Nfl;L ngw;Nwhiy epug;gpdhd;. jd; fhjypAk; jhDk; ghlrhiy Kbe;J> ele;JtUk; Gy;nt spapy; gLj;jgb fUQ;rhk;gu; thdj;ij ePz;lNeukha;g; ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. gpwF 'mk;kh ehd; cq;fspl;il nfjpaha; tUfpNwd;' vdr; nrhy;ypagb cly; KOJk; ngw;Nwhiy Cw;wpj; jPiag; gw;w itj;jhd;. ,td; jd; milahsq;fis Kw;whf mopj;Jf; nfhz;l %d;whk; ehspy; mjpgUk; ,de;njupahj egu;fshy; mtupd; tPl;by; itj;Jr; Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;lhu;. mtu; mjpg uhapUe;j ghlrhiyapy; gbj;j khztd; xUtd; jhd;> mjpgiur; Rl;lnjdTk;> mtDf;F ,tidg; Nghd;w Kfr; rhay; ,Ue;jjhfTk; rdq;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; ,ufrpakha;f; fijj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. 2010

e.kA+u&gd; ftpijfs; epow;FUjp nghOJfs; tpOq;fplq;F tsu;e;Js;NshLfpwJ fl;ilfsbj;j ntz;glq;Fs; nghOJfisj; jpzpj;J Mo tpOfpwJ vd; epoy;. glq;fpd; %lhg;gliyia Kl;LfpwJ ,Us; vjpu;tUk; ehl;fisr; rg;gpagb...

%r;Nrha;e;j ehl;fisr; Rke;JtUk; fhz;lhtdk; fe;Js; Rke;J NkhJfpwnjq;Fk;. vq;fs; fdTfspd; kpLf;Ffis jd; Ropf;Fs; kwpj;jpOf;fpwJ . mirtope;j vk; fdTfs; Gifgbe;JNghfpd;wd.

typ Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhw;wpd; fUf;Ffspy; Fe;jpapUf;fpwJd; kdJ. FQ;Riw tpOj;jpa fpisikaw;w Ks;kiw Kf;fhL %bj;jq;FfpwJd; irdpaj;Js;. mWe;JtpOnkht;nthU rpidfspYe; njhq;fp me;jupf;fpNwd; ehd;.

kWtho;T Gjpjhff; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l gjhu;j;jj;jpd; rikay; Fwpg;ngd MfptpLfpd;wd rpyUf;F> rpy tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fs;. Ik;gJ tUl ,uj;jKk;> rijAkhd mjd; tuthW> 21k;E}w;whz;bd; VNjh xU ,ytr fz; rpfpr;ir Kfhkpy; xg;gid nra;ag;gl;l Kfnkhd;why; Ie;J epkplj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ mG+u;tkhd Gjpa rikay; fiy fz;Lgpbg;igg; Nghy. mjpfhuk; mUfpUf;f> Gifg;glf; fUtpfs; gspr;rpl xU ,dj;jpd; mtyk; ,ytr fz;rpfpr;irAld; md;iwa ehspd; jiyg;G nra;jp kl;LNkahfpwJ. $l;bf;> Fiwj;J> nkU$l;br; nra;ag;gLk; Gjpa czTg; gjhu;j;jj;ijj; jahupf;fpd;w KfghtidAld; mjpgu;fs; mLj;j ehs; gd;dhl;Lr; nra;jpahsu;fisr; re;jpf;fpwhu;fs;. ruptpfpj rk czT vd;gjpy; ‘khdKk;’ mlq;Fk; vd;gij ahu; mtu;fSf;Fr; nrhy;tJ $Noh> fQ;rpNah NghJnkd;why; $l mitAk; mofhd ghypj;jPd; kbg;Gfspy;. gidAk;> ney;Yk; tpisAk; jd;epyk; rPd rikaw;fhuu;fSf;Fk;> gf;fj;Jg; gRikg; Gul;rpahsu;fSf;Fk; gq;Fgpupf;fg;gl> ghypj;jPd; ig mfjpfs; mLj;njhU ‘Celebrity’ te;J nrhl;L kUe;J tpLk; tiu ‘Rfkha;’ ,Ul;Lf;Fs; ,Uf;fyhk;.

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“Its not a child. Its a girl baby, and we can't keep it. around these parts, you can't get by without a son. girl babies don't count." rPdhtpy; gpwe;J jw; NghJ yz;ldpy; trpj;JtUk; ]{ ]pd;ud; (Xue Xinran) vOjpa The good woman of China vd;fpw Gj;jfj;jpy;> rPdhtpy; ngz; Foe;ijfs; gpwf; fpd;wNghJ nghJg;Gj;jp vt;thW mij vjpu; nfhs;Sfpd;wJ vd;gij NkNy nrhd;d tupfspy; njuptpj;J ,Uf;fpd;whu;. it’s a girl baby, and we can't keep it vd;fpw mtu;fs; kd epiyf;F if Nky; gydhf ,d;Dk; 10tUlq;fspy; rPdhtpy; ,Uf;fpd;w xt;nthU 5 ,isQu; fspYk; xUtu; jdf;fhd ngz; Jiz ,y;yhJ tho NeupLk; vd;W chinese academy of social sciences (CASS) vd;fpw mikg;G vr;rupj;Js;sJ. mjhtJ 2020 mstpy; rPdhtpy; ,Uf;fg; Nghfpd;w 19 taJf;Fl;gl;l Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;if mq;Nf ,Uf;fg; Nghfpd;w 10 taJf;Fl;gl;l ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 30 Kjy; 40 kpy;ypad;fshy; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fkhk;.

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Xtpak;: Mujp - www.oodaru.com

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1. Genderside vd;w gpuNahfk; Kjypy; Mary Anne Warren My; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. fUf;fiyg;G gw;wpa Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l ,tu;> Foe;ijapd; ghypdj;jpd; fhuzkhf nra;ag;gLk; fUf;fiyg;Gfs; gw;wp Genderside: The Implicaions of Sex Selecion vd;W 1985y; vOjpa Gj;jfj;jpy; ,e;jg; gpuNahfk; gad;gLj;jgg;gl;lJ. 2. ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; ,Uf;fpd;w jfty;fisAk; juTfisAk; fPo;f;fhZk; ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;. I. Genderside: What Happenedn to 100 million baby girls - The Economist II. Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? - The World Bank III.htp://www.imesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/aricle1403517.ece 3. rPdhtpd; xU gps;isj; jpl;lk; vd;w fl;Liuapy; gy ,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nsd;. rPdhtpd; vy;yh khfhzq; fspy; ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghL ,y;iy vd;wNghJk;> ngUkstp yhd khfhzq;fspy; ,f;fl;Lg;ghL ,Ug;gjhNyNa ,t; thW Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.s

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36 NkYk; tpl;l ,lj;jpy; Ngr;irj;njhlu;e;Njhk;. rhjdhit kzf;fKjy; ftpQd; jhd; jd;dhu;tj; njhz;ldhfg; gzpGupe;j ,lj;jpy; xU njd;dhgpupf;fg; ngz;izAk;> mLj;J kz KwpT nra;jpUe;j xU jkpo;g; ngz;izAk; capu; eP-kapu; ehd; vd;W fhjypj;jpUe;jhd;. mnjy;yhk; rhjdhTf;Fk; njupANkh njupahNjhahk; mwp Nahk;. mdhy; ,tu;fsJk; fhjy; jpUkze;jhd; vd;W Nfs;tpg;gl;bUe;Njd;. mtSk; mg;gbj;jhd; nrhd;dhs;. vspikahd mtu;fs; jpUkzk; jkpofj;jpy; eilngw;wjhy; vdf;Ff; fye;Jnfhs;Sk; tha;g;Gf;fpilf;ftpy;iy. ‘cq;fSf;F ftpQdplk; gpbj;j tp~aq;fs; vd;d. vijf;fz;L mtDf;F kdjpy; ,lk; nfhLj;jPu;fs;?’ vd;W Nfl;Nld;. ‘mtuJ ngz;zpar; rpe;jidfs;> khdpltpLjiy kw;Wk; kz; rhu;e;j ftpijfs; mjd;Nkyhd <LghL Nghd;wd kdij Mfu;~pj;jd. ,d;Dk; Nkilg;Ngr;R fspd;NghJ czu;rpg;gpok;ghf;fp Fuy; jsu;e;J NghapLth uy;yth? mg;Nghnjy;yhk; ,g;gbnahU kdpjUld; tho Neu;e;jhy; tho;tpy; vj;jid If;fpaKk; tpl;Lf;nfhLg;Gk; gpNuikAk; gputfpf;Fnkd fdTfs; fhzj;njhlq; fptpl;Nld;. vd; jtWfspd; njhlf;fKk; mJjhd;. Mdhy; ep[ tho;f;if apy; mitnay;yhk; mrhjhuz tp\aq;fs; vd;gJ ,j;jid Nyl;lhfj;jhd; GupfpwJ. fiyQu;fs; ftpQu;fs; vy;yhk; fdTyfrQ;rhupfs;> ,ay;ghd tho; Tf;F xj;Jtuhjtu;fs; vd;W mz;iz mbj;Jr; nrhd; dhd;’ vd;Wtpl;Lj; jd; ghu;itia tpyf;fp [d;dYf;F ntspNa njupe;j njhLthdj;ij neLNeuk; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. ‘vd;d Nghdhy; Nghd ,lnkd;W ,Ug;ghu;. tPl;L epidg;G tuhJ> jz;zpfz;l ,lj;jpy; fr;Nrupjhd;> xU Nghd; vLf;fNtZnkd;W Njhd;whJ> my;yJ vg;Ngh tUNtndd;Nwh nrhy;ykhl;lhu;. rup te;Jjhd; vd;dj;ijf; fpopf; fg;Nghfpwhnud;W tpl;LtpLNtd;. nfhQ;rf;fhyk; nry;Nghd; xd;W ahNuh md;gspg;ghff; nfhLj;jJ vd;W nfhz;L jpupe;jhu;. mjpy; vq;Nf njhq;fpl;bUf;fpwhnud;W tprhupg; Nghk;. gpwF ehsiltpy; mjw;Fupa gpy;fSk; Vwp vd;D ila vf;fTz;bypUe;Nj fope;jjhy jhq;fKbahk mijj; J}f;fpf;Fg;igAs; Nghl;Ltpl;Nld;. rj;jk;NghLthnud epidj;Njd;> xd;Wk; giwahkypUe;jhu;. rpyNtiyfspy; kD~Df;F kdrhl;rpNtiy nra;tJKz;L. cly; ciog;ig Jr;rkhf epidg;gJ> gq;];...[q;fP]; guNjrp fs;Nghy tpl;Nlj;jpahf tho epidg;gJ> ml xU ehNlh bf;Ff;$l xU FUtpNah fhiliaNah nfhz;zhe;J tPl;by Mf;f nfhLf;fZnkd;W xU nghWg;G ,Uf;Fkpy;y mg;gb vJTkpy;yhj gpwtp ,J. njhlu;e;J tPl;y ehl;by ,Uf;fhjjhy mtUf;fhd (muR jUk; cjtp) nty; /ngaUkpy;iy. I `ht; L tpd; mtu; gpnwl;> `p ,]; nehl; mN~k;l; mgTl; jp]; ml; Xy;!’ ,ijr;nrhy;ifapy; Jspu;j;J epiwe;j fz;fis b];]{tpdhy; eR+f;fhfj; Jilj;jhs;. mtd; vq;Nf Nghap Uf;fpwhd; vd;W ehd; NfshkNy tpl;bUf;fyhk;. cz;ikapy; mJ mtSf;F njupe;jpUf;fhJjhd;. ‘mtUf;F ml;it];D ahUk; nrhy;yg;Gwg;gl;lhy; mtu;fisf; fz;lgbf;F fd;dhgpd;dhntd;W nfl;lthu;j; ijfspy; vy;yhk; mu;r;rpj;JtpLthu;. gpd;du; mLj;j ehs; Nghd;gz;zp ‘ml xU mf;fiwapyjhNd ePAk; mg;gBr;

nrhd;Nd kr;rhd;> ehDk; cd;dpy cupik vLj;Jf;nfhz; LjhNd mg;gpbg;Ngrpl;Nld;. xz;Zk; kdJy itr;Rf; nfhs;shj fz;zh ey;ygps;is‘’ vd;W nfQ;Rthu;. ‘rupj;jpuj;jpy; ngupa fiyQu;fs;> ,yf;fpau;fs;> jj;Jtthjpfs; gyUk; ,g;gb tpl;Nlj;jpahfj;jhd; tho;e; jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. ehd; mij ,g;NghJ nrhd;dhy; mtDf;fhf thjhLtjhf MfptpLk;. mtidr; rgpf;fTk; Ntz;lhk;> xj;J}jTk; Ntz;lhk;. FLk;gtptfhuq;fSs; Eiotijj;jtpu;j;Jg; Ngr;rpd; jpiria khw;Wtjha; epidj;J cq;fSf;F kpfTk; gpbj;j mtdJftpij xd;wr;nrhy;Yq;fNsd;’ vd;W Nfl;Nld;. ‘mnjhz;Zk; vdf;F njupahJ.’ ‘rup fd;dj;jpy tpshrpdkhjpup... fz;Zf;f kpd;dy; gha;Qr; khjpupgg ; z;w mtdJ gy E}Wtupfs; ,Uf;Nf> mJy cq;fs; kdk;ftu;ej ; xU tupiaahtJ nrhy;Yq;fNsd;’ ‘ep[khfNt vdf;Fj;njupahJ> mnjhd;iwAk; ehd; kdjpy gpbr;R itr;Rf; nfhs;sTkpy;iy.’ njhlu;e;J nksdk;... mk;nksdj;jpd; epoYk; rhk;gYk; miwKOtJk; tpahgpj;jJ. mij mWf;f kPz;Lk; Kaw;rpj;Njd;. ‘gpwpd;]; uhk; tu;kh vd;nwhU Mu;b];l; Nfushtpy; ml;lfhrk; gz;ZwhNu mtjhdpj;jPu;fsh’. mg;Jy;fyhk; fhyj;jpy; mtuJ uh~; b ugjpgtd; fr;Nrup xd;iw nel;y ghu;j;Njd;> mq;Nf ve;jNuh k`hD ghT Yit vk;.b.uhkh ehjd; ghzpapy; tpsk;gj;jpy; gz; zpapUe;jhu;>ey;y Rfkhd rhuPuk;. ,jkhd fw;gid fs;. mghukhap Ue;jJ.’ ‘ m t u ; jpUtpjhq;$u; mur FLk;gj; ijr; Nru;e;j xU fiyQd;. ,d; Xtpak;: Mujp - www.oodaru.com Dk; nrhy;yg;Ngh dhy; Rthjpj;jp Uehs; kfuh[htpd; nfhs;Sg;Ngud;. tha;gg ; hl;L kl;Lky;y tPizapYk; kfhnfl;bf;fhuu;. vk;.b.uhkehjdpdJk; fpN~hu;FkhupdJk; guk urpfd;. mtu;fisg;NghyNt Nyh nlk;Nghtpy; mrj;Jthu;. ghyKuspfpU~;zhtplKk; rpl; i~ ngw;Ws;shu;. He is a Prince among Musicians and a Musician among Princes... you know? kD~d; ghu;j;jpuhj tpUe;JfSk; tpUJfSkh...mjdhy tpsk;guq;fs; Mu;g; ghl;lq;fs; vJTk; ,y;yhky; mikjpahfNt mrj;Jfpwhu; kdpju;> ey;y jpwikrhyp> mG+u;tf;fiyQu;’ vd;whu;. Nkw;fj;ija ,irf;fUtpfSldhd (unconvenional) kuigkPwpg; ghLk; RrPyh uhkdpd; Kiwgw;wpf; Nfl;lNghJ mij mtu; mt;tsT tuNtw;ftpy;iy.

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g;uhz ey ]hk; NahfK ty;y g;uzt ehjK ]g;j ];tuKiy guf tPzh thjd NyhYnls rpt kNdh tpj nkWfhU j;ahf uh[ epDj...(Nkh) ,q;Nf ek;g jpahfg;gpuk;kj;Jf;F nuhk;gTe;jhd; Nguhir. ‘Nyhfg;gw;Wf;fisj; Jwf;fhjtDf;F vg;gpb Nkhf;~k; fpilf;Fk;?’ rupjhd;. ‘rq;fPjQhdk; ,y;yhjtDf;F Nkhf;~k; fpilf;Fkh?’ mJTk; guthapy;iy. me;jr;rpd;d f;Ujpf;Fs; mLj;J vg;gpbf; Fj;Jfpwhu; ghUq;fs;. ‘tPizapd; je;jpfs; mjpu;e;J vOg;Gk; ehjj;jpy; gpukj;jpd; rhaiy czuKbahjtDf;F Nkhf;~k;; vq;fpUe;Jkh tUk;?’ ‘md;iwf;Fk; ]hukjp> ,d;iwf;Fk; ]hukjp...Vd; cq;fSf;F ]hukjp vd;why; mj;jid ,];lNkh’ vd;Nwd;. ‘tht;... cq;fSf;F uhfq;fis vy;yhk; El;gkhff; fz;gpbf;f KbfpwNj!’ mts; fz;fs; mfd;W Rod;wd.

‘Rk;kh nfhQ;rk; Nfs;tpQhde;jhd;... mjpfg;gbah xz;Zkpy;y’ ‘cq;f ftpQDf;F fu;ehlfj;Jf;Fk; ,e;J];jhdpf;FNk Ngjk; GupahJ. vy;yhk; jueh... jueh...eha; eha;...eha;jhndd;ghu;.’ ‘vd;d cq;f ftpQd; vd;W RUf;fpl;Bq;f.... ,g;gpugQ;rf;ftp ay;yth....mtd;? ‘k;k;k;k;...fpopr;rhu; gpugQ;rj;Jf;Fk; ftp> tPl;Lf;Fk; ftp jhd;!. me;j ,uz;lhtJ ftp ,q;Nf ,uz;lhtJ (-Fuq;F-) mu;j;jj;jpy;jhd;. mtsJ jPuhj mtek;gpf;iff;F mtSf;Fk; Nghjpa fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;Nghy; Njhd;wpaJ vdf;Fk;. ‘ePq;fs; vg;Ngh CUf;F fpsk;gZk;?’ ‘vdf;F fhiyapyjhd; njhlu;tz;b.’ ‘vg;NghJk; fd;dpj;jkpo;jhdh? rup ez;gd; ,y;iyNa vd;Wtpl;Lf; Fok;gNtz;lhk;. ePq;fs; jhuhskh ,q;Nf jq;fpapl;L fhiyapy; cq;f njhlu;tz;biag; gpbf;fyhk;. vdf;Fk; cq;f jdpj;jkpo; njhj;jpbr;R.’ rpupj;jhs;. Njhou; ,Ue;jhy; guthapy;iy. ehd; jaq;fpNdd;. ‘vJf;Fk; ehd; vd; tpLjpapNyNa jq;fptpLNwNd> vdf;F xd;Wk; rpukkpy;iy.’ ‘,g;Ngh tpLjpapy; fzf;nfy;yhk; nrw;wpy; gz;zpl;L kd;dpf;fTk; Neu;gz;zpl;Lj;jhNd te;jpUg;gPq;f. FWf;f Ngrhky; ,g;Ngh vd; Ngr;irf;NfSq;f’. ftpQu; jd; miwapy xU Nkyjpf fl;by; Nghl;L itr;rpUf;fhu;..’ ‘mjpy [k;D J}q;Fq;f. ehd; fhiyapy vOg;gptpbNwd;> njhlUe;ijg;gpbf;fyhk;. cq;fis uhj;jpupapy ntspNa mDg;gptr;Nrndd;W mwpQ;rhy; mtNu vd;idf; Nfhgpg;ghu;. ,Njh Njhir RLfpNwd;> cq;fs; ,\;lkhdkhq;fha;Nghl;l kPd;Fok;Gk; ,Uf;F.’ Njhirapd;thrk; vd; gpbthjj;Jf;F krF Cj;j> kPd; Fok;G thupf;Fg;Gwf; ftpo;j;jJ. rhg;gpLk;NghJ Nkirf;F te;j mtu;fs; kfs; jhd; Njhir rhg;gplNt khl;lndd;W mlk;gpbj;jhs;. ,q;F gpwe;j gps;isfSf;F VNdh Gspg;ghd rkhr;ruq;fs; mj;jid gpbg;gjpy;iy. rhjdh mt Sf;F cldb E}by;]; gz;zpf;nfhLj;jhu;. Njhir J}f;fj;Jf;F gpuhz ez;gd;> ,Ue;Jk; vdf;F ,ltpj;jpahrj;jhy; clNd J}f;fk;tu kWj;jJ. Guz;L Guz;L gLj;Jg;ghu;j;Njd; Kbatpy;iy. vOe;J nfhQ;rNeuk; mtdJ E}y;Nrfuq;fis Muha;e;Njd;. eLr;rhkKk; fle;jJ. ftpQdJ khb miwapypUe;J fPNo tjpAkiwAkhfpa mtu;fs; $lj;ijg;ghu;ff ; yhk;. ehd; fPNo Fspg;giw Nghtjw;fhf vOe;J NghdNghJ rhjdh fPNo nrw;wpapy; jiyf;Ff; ifia itj;Jf;nfhz;L gLj;jp Ug;gJ njupe;jJ. vg;gbg;NgrpAk; jPuhJ Rikf;Fk; Vuhsk; tp~aq;fs; mts; kdjpd; Moq;fspy; kz;bf;fplf; fpd;wd. kWehs; fhiy njhlUe;jpy; CUf;Fj; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; jPuhj mtek;gpf;iff;F mtSk;> khwhj Fbf;F mtDk; Vd; Mshfp ,Uf;fpwhu;fnsd;gJ vdf; Fk; Nyrhfj; njsptijg; NghypUe;jJ. vtu;kPjhapDk; Fw;wq;fs; Rkj;JtJ> tof;Fj;njhLg;gJ> jPu;g;Gf;fs; toq;FtJ vJTNk ,Nyrhd tp~aq;fs; my;y.

36 kupj;j NjtDk; kf;jNydhTk; fy;yiwf;F ntspapy; fhj;jpUf;fpNwd; Rthkp xU fy; jpwe;J vid cs; mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ghtk; Jzpah J}ahj;khf;fs; Nfhlup rTf;F nfhLths; rfpjk; Juj;jptUfpd;whu; fz;zb nrhy;yb jhq;fpa vd;dhy; fy;yb jhq;ftpayh(J)Njth Japd;wJ NghJk; jpwTk; fjit gdptay;fspd; tpisr;riyj; Jwe;J ghilAk; rpYitAk; Rkf;fg;Nghdtu; Nkg;gps; epoy;Rfk; ePq;fpNa

Cupd; NkdpfUf;fpLk; ntapiy tpioe;jtu; ck;ik tpRtrpj;jjhy; ntl;ltUfpwhu; jpwe;jpLk; fjit njz;ldpLfpNwd; ,iza ntspfspy; Gul;rp tpijj;jtu; fhfpjf; fg;gypy; khDlk; kPl;ltu; tpul;b tUifapy; tpisahlhjPu; Rthkp ck;ik tpRtrpj;jts; tPo;e;jplg; ghu;j;jYk; ghrprk; MFk; gjw itf;fhky; jpwTNkd; fjit.

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Tamil Identity

Multiculturalism and

Canada

Kirubhalini Giruparajah Multiculturalism in Canada is presented by the Canadian government as a policy that “recognizes and tolerates minorities, subalterns and various cultural and ethnic groups.”i In reality, however, the Tamil-Canadian protests of January - May 2009 illustrates how this policy fails to fulfill its mandate. The Tamil-Canadian diaspora experienced discrimination when it attempted to bring public awareness to the Sri Lankan military’s indiscriminate shelling of Tamils in the North of Sri Lanka. Major Canadian news agencies and media misrepresented Tamil identity (linked to its culture and historical narrative) as one that was inherently violent and susceptible to terrorist influence via the LTTE. Subsequently, the Canadian nation state placed the individual rights of the modern, rational secular citizen over the collective rights of certain cultural communities (in this case Tamils) which multiculturalism purports to protect. In this way, the Canadian state is able to dictate the characteristics of popular culture in the Canadian public sphere, while simultaneously forcing Tamil identity and culture into the private sphere and vilifying its public expressions. The Canadian state, however, does not realize that in a globalized world, diasporas provide viable economic links across the globe. To take advantage of such economic opportunities, if for nothing else, the Canadian government must re-conceptualize its Multicultural policy to incorporate the views and needs of cultural communities into the Canadian political system. Multiculturalism as a policy in Canada

fails to accommodate the politicization of cultural and ethnic groups in the nation. For example, when scores of Tamil-Canadians took to the streets of downtown Toronto to protest and bring awareness to the death of thousands of Tamils in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka, the Canadian government and various state actors discriminated against and stereotyped most Tamils as violent, irrational rioters. Acting as a state apparatus, media outlets such as CityPulse and the CBC portrayed some Tamils as a violent cultural community. Consequently, the Canadian state denied certain collective rights to the Tamil – Canadian diaspora. According to Sunhil Sondhi in his essay “Different Strokes: Multiculturalism and Civil Society in Canada and India,” Canada should be seen as a leader of democratic nations because the current Canadian focus is to “…regain the ethos of a community” while also having a “strong resistance to talk of morality and responsibility in public discourse.”ii

Although, Sondhi makes viable arguments about the importance of allowing various cultural communities the right to a productive and safe life free from economic, political and cultural discrimination, Sondhi fails to explain why culture is posed as a problem to racialized communities and not to Caucasian residents in the nation.iii Why

2010 MtJ Mz;Lf;fhd ,yf;fpaj; Njhl;lj;jpd; khztu;fSf;fhd Gyikg;guprpy; ngw;w fl;Liu

36 does the Canadian State have to ensure that cultural groups do not face discrimination in a democratic society? What does this say about racism in that country and why is racism not the focus of government policies? If cultural groups are being protected by the Canadian government then, why is there still public outcry over issues such as the denial of indigenous sovereignty in Canada, illegal detention and deportation of ethnic and racial minorities because the state brands them as “illegal persons” and why are temporary workers still exploited in various workplaces in Canada? iv Sondhi fails to mention that these issues are still pertinent in Canada because certain institutions are designed to ensure the prosperity of upper classes and political elites at the expense of immigrants and racialized individuals. The Canadian state uses the media to bolster its image as protector of the Canadian citizenry; the state brings into the public discourse morality and responsibility when it wishes to dismiss or deny rights to certain groups who it deems supports terrorists. The police misconstrue a collective body’s right to protest against a specific grievance as a threat of violence to society at large. Similarly, in 2009, the Canadian government denounced the Tamils protests claiming that they threatened to bring social unrest by recalling the violence and civil war from their Sri Lanka to Canada. The Canadian state, like all other major nationstates systematically disenfranchised Tamils that “threatened” to dismantle existing power structures within the polity. Likewise, the Canadian government manages difference and allocates rights based on a hierarchical structure of race and society as well as on the western notions of the rational secular individual. According to Kiran Mirchandani and Evangelina Tastsoglou in Towards a diversity beyond tolerance, the policy of Multiculturalism in Canada does not seem to respect or accept various cultures; instead it relays the message that the state and the status quo will never understand or try to understand different cultures and communities but it will nonetheless tolerate differences because that is what is characteristic of a “democratic, progressive society.”v Both Mirchandani and Tastsoglou assert that tolerance connotes a system of hierarchy that “entrenches the opposition between national self and groups or individuals constructed as the other.”vi For Mirchandani and Tastsoglou, since the power structure in Canada is white, the national and ideal self is a white settler society that is representative of the Canadian values and goals in opposition to the immigrant “other”.vii Similarly, in the book, the Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society, Frances Henry and Carol Tator argue

that the policy and practice of multiculturalism continues to position certain ethno-racial groups at the margins rather than within the mainstream of public culture and national identity.viii This means then there is a threshold to tolerance of ethnic and cultural groups as outlined by the policy of multiculturalism. The toleration, accommodation, even the appreciation and celebration of difference is only promised if it “allows for the preservation of cultural hegemony of the dominant cultural group.”ix In the eyes of the Canadian government the Tamil-Canadian protests were threatening because they attempted to move the diaspora out of the margins demarcated by multiculturalism and into the centre, and found pushing back on it the limits of legislated “tolerance.” Hence, the Canadian nation state curtails collective rights to certain communities it deems as problematic, such as the pluralistic and dynamic Tamil community in Canada. Collective rights and the very identity of the specific cultural group is constructed as dangerous (with regards to terrorism and the LTTE for Tamil protestors) and posited as antithetical to the modern rational, secular citizen. In other words, Canada is committed to the western conception of the liberal social contract. Liberal social contract theory foregrounds the ideal citizen as the rational individual who is a member of the contractual civil society.x In contrast, transnational kinship and family relations as well as divergent national aspirations or sympathies characterized by divergent cultural markers are conceptualized as the antithesis to the ideal citizen. Communities with cultures that recognize and uphold the importance of family and kinship that is not in accordance with the Canadian national stance are designated as apolitical entities, existing outside civil society and thus denied the privilege of certain rights. Repeatedly, the Canadian state resorts to using institutions that are supposed to operate for the best interest of the public to consolidate the state’s decisions and interests. Similarly, the problematic media coverage of protests and state reaction illustrates how the Canadian state attempts to consolidate its authority. According to Jürgen Habermas in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, the public sphere ought to be a place where citizens can critique the state,xi a place for the development of civil society and as well as a viable tool for the dissemination and normalization of democratic values.xii Instead, as the case study illustrates the public sphere becomes reconfigured as a space for the media to support the government and corporate business of the elite in Canada. Mirchandani and Tastsoglou’s characterize the media’s complicity in

siding with the state and not broadcasting “all interests or concerns” as mainstream media’s subordination to “…society’s power structure,” serving to “… [legitimize] a capitalist, patriarchal and militarist socio-political system.”xiii Since the Canadian “power structure is predominately white, these media networks express mostly white hegemonic viewpoints”, news that “sets the boundaries of public discourse within the range of interests which are acceptable to these hegemonic groups” is broadcast to mainstream Canadian society. xiv Even though many Tamil-Canadians protested against the fascist Sri Lankan state and the death of innocent Tamils in Sri Lanka, the coverage of the protests by CityPulse24 and the Canadian Broadcasting Company in Toronto consisted of routine criticism of most Tamils carrying LTTE flags. There was an abundance of new reports on the history of the LTTE and their brutal acts and yet unequal broadcasting of the Sri Lankan government and their history of state terrorism. Concrete evidence includes a publication of an article on the Tamil Diaspora protests by the Toronto Star entitled: “Protesters vs. the Public”.xv This title implies that Tamils are not a part of the Canadian public.xvi In fact, it seems to argue that the politicization of Tamil identity and culture is untenable with Canadian popular culture. Here again some forms of print media such as the Toronto Star is moving away from Tamil appeals to the international community to put an end to the death and destruction of Tamils in Sri Lanka. Instead the Toronto Star focused on how the protesters were inconveniencing the Canadian populacexvii and disrupting the routine, normal, democratic workings of the Canadian polity. The Tamils become the “Others” to the national/rational self, who are unable to understand that their attempt to preserve their culture and identity is disrupting the working of the nation, wasting the precious time and money of citizens who are “faithful” to the Canadian nation state. In this way, we see how the Canadian state protects its authority in the management of difference, the allocation of rights and the conceptualization of popular culture in the nation state. Talal Asad in “Multiculturalism and British identity in the wake of the Rushdie Affair,” discusses the policy of multiculturalism or the construction of diversity as an “effect of modern government.”xviii States refuse to address the political needs of cultural communities because they are fundamentally contradictory to the popular culture of the status quo and thereby the state.xix The state alleviates the problem of culture by taking it upon itself to “define crucial homogeneities and differences in order to simultaneously alleviate the perceived threat to authority of centralized state and the ideological

unity of the nation-state.” Tamils are posed as guilty and irresponsible for being terrorist supporters while the state is posed as the moral and responsible protector of patriotic Canadians. The state alleviates its fear of the “other” cultures by using multiculturalism as a manager of difference. xx

While Prime Minister Stephan Harper refused to even publicly address the protest, according to an online article released on the CBC website on May 13, 2009, the only politician that took the time out to personally address members of the Tamil diaspora at the protests was Toronto Mayor, David Miller. The article explains that David Miller’s colleagues stayed away from the protests because of LTTE-supporting flags at the demonstrations. Indeed Miller seemed to corroborate this publication when he said, “Some people would be probably offended by the flag and afraid to show their support for these people, but I’m not here about politics.”xxi The use of the phrase “these people” and “I’m not here about politics” has implications for the Tamil diaspora in Canada. Miller implied that not only were the protests about Tamil support for a terrorist organization but the protesters themselves were unrepresented in the democratic framework of Canada. Miller’s comments alienate 200,000 members of the Tamil diaspora in Toronto; the largest Tamil diaspora in the world. These comments convey a message to Tamils that certain aspects Tamil culture will not work in the “progressive” nation of Canada. Therefore, public demonstrations are rendered futile because nation-states ultimately do not care about the population within the nation.xxii The state only wishes to ensure its interests in the world political sphere.xxiii This includes protecting its economy, property and corporations from the threat of terrorism.xxiv Toronto civil rights lawyer, Clayton Ruby is quoted as saying “Anti-Terrorism Law of 2001 will wind up being used against peaceful protests and demonstration and to suppress opposition.” xxv This is precisely what happened with the Tamil diaspora protests when the state positioned the protests as supportive of an identified terrorist group, and responded accordingly under fear of the threat of terrorism, rather than under the guise of inclusivity that is the Canadian multiculturalism policy. The Anti- Terrorism Law is another example of how the Canadian government uses policies and the language of the law to protect its authority over the various cultural, ethnic communities in Canada. Accordingly, the Canadian government’s ability to “centralize state power and aestheticise moral identities” deny Tamils social acceptance of their identity.xxvi According to Charles Taylor in the article “Politics of Recognition”, just like individuals, peoples should be able to practice their culture, which is a significant part of their identity.xxvii Human beings and cultural groups define their identity dialogically.xxviii That is to say in dialogue with and sometimes in struggle against the things others see in us.xxix In the public sphere it is crucial to ensure the dignity of citizens.xxx Mutual cooperation and respect within any community based on differences is important for opportunities in creativity and progress.xxxi Therefore, the recognition of the Tamil social identity and culture by the Canadian society and the nation state enables Canada to live up to the universal principle of equality, and allows the Tamil identity and community to confidence to flourish. Moving forward from the events of 2009 it is likely that Tamils will not easily concede to the Canadian states aggression and hide their cultural beliefs and allegiances. The national consciousnesses of these diaspora no longer need a single nation state to express or realize their sense of community. According to Arjun Appadurai, “electronic mass mediation and transnational mobilization have broken down the monopoly of autonomous nation-states over the project of modernity.”xxxii Similarly, according to Cheran in “Theorizing Diasporas; Diasporcity: Citizens of Many World”, as the spread of globalization makes the migration of cultural groups inevitable, the ability of

diasporas to incorporate cities as cultural centers also becomes inevitable. The city becomes a central metaphor and location- the Diasporcity.xxxiii Therefore, national imaginings remain potent in the world because of the proliferation of mass media, transcending borders and other territorial or political barriers. As the world becomes more interconnected, the same media reports that demonize cultural groups will become available on the World Wide Web. The information highway will inform brother and sister diasporas in other parts of the world of the suffering of their fellow brethren. These “invisible colleges” or “communities of sentiment” among diasporas across the world can “move from a shared imagination to collective action” by manipulating modernity for their own benefits.xxxiv Diasporas abroad could even threaten to stop trade relations with Canadian businesses. Thus, the Tamil diaspora’s viable links to markets across the world requires that the Canadian nation state take steps toward forging benevolent relations with Tamil and other cultural communities in Canada.xxxv If 40 % of the Canada’s GDP is based on export, then in order to truly construct economic ties with the global world the Canadian state must work at alleviating systemic racism in the nation.xxxvi Both Frances Henry and Carol Tator argue that systemic racism in Canada can be tackled through the implementation of “radical or critical multiculturalism”. Critical multiculturalism moves away from the “paradigm of pluralism premised on hierarchical order of cultures that allows nondominant cultures to not only participate in the dominant culture but allows the empowerment, the politicization, and mobilization of marginalized groups accommodated by the transformation of social, cultural and economic institutions.”xxxvii Therefore, the dismantling of dominant cultural hierarchies, structures and systems of representation not only allow the dissemination of authentic democratic rights to all humans in the world but allows the equality, recognition, and prosperity for not only Tamils, but all citizens of the world. Cultural essentialism by any nation state or a dominant group will only reinforce inequality and discord in the world. Canada should take it upon itself to become a trailblazer of sorts and encourage the political advancement of cultural communities. Ensuring cultural pluralism and diversity in this way will bring about some semblance of economic productivity and order in the world.

Charles Taylor, “The Politics of Recognition,” in Multiculturalism: Examining The Politics of Recognition. Charles Taylor [et al.] ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton University (1994), 25 . ii Sunil Sondhi, ‘ Different Strokes: Multiculturalism and Civil Society in Canada and India,” in Multiculturalism: Canada and India. Ed. D.K. Paddy. Prestige(2005), 243- 246 . iii Talal Asad, “Multiculturalism and British Identity in the Wake of the Rushdie Affair,” in Genealogies of Religion: discipline and reasons of power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, (1994),. iv No One is Illegal Website ( A Social Activist Group who is very active in Canada) Summation of their demands found at : http://toronto.nooneisillegal.org v Kiran Mirchandani &, Evangelina Tastsoglou, “Towards A Diversity, Beyond Tolerance.” Studies in Political Economy 6,. (Spring, 2000), 49-51 . vi Mirchandani & Tastsoglou, 49-51 vii Ibid. viii Frances Henry & Carol Tator, The Color of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society, 3rd Edition. Thompson/ Nelson Publishing, (2006), 49-50. ix Frances & Tator, 49-50. x Partha Chatterjee,. “The Rights of the Governed” Identity, Culture and Politics Volume 3, Number 2, (December 2002), 54-58. xi Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: i

36 An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Translated by Thomas Burger and Fredrick Lawrence. Cambridge: MIT Press, (1991). xii Habermas, basic argument of this book. xiii Mirchandani & Tastsoglou, 50. xiv Mirchandani & Tastsoglou, 51. xv Online publication of an editorial posted by the Toronto Star entitled “ Protestors vs. the Public.” Published on April 30, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2010 at: http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/626522 xvi Online publication of an editorial posted by the Toronto Star entitled “ Protestors vs. the Public.” Published on April 30, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2010 at: http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/626522 xvii Asad, 259-268. xviii Asad, 266-267.. xix Asad, 260-261. xx CBC Online article entitled: “Tamils Crowd Downtown Streets in latest Protest.” Published Wednesday, May 13, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2010 at : http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2009/05/13/tamil-wednesday.html xxi Ibid. xxii J. Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations: The Struggles for Power and Peace, 6th edn. New York: Knopt ( 1985), basic argument about the realist theory in political science . xxiii Morgenthau, throughout his essay addressing the realist theory in political science. xxiv Ibid. xxv Frances & Tator, 290-292. xxvi Taylor, 29-30, & Asad, 266. xxvii Taylor, 31-32. xxviii Taylor,31-32. xxix Ibid, 31. xxx Ibid, 32. xxxi Ibid. xxxii Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. (University of Minnesota Press: Minnesota, 1996), 8-10. xxxiii Cheran R, “Citizens of Many Worlds: Theorizing Tamil DiasporCity,” in History and Imagination: Tamil Culture in the Global Context. Ed. R. Cheran, Dharshan Ambalavanar, Chelva Kanaganayagam, ( 2007),159161. xxxiv Appadurai, 8-9. xxxv Appadurai, 8-10. xxxvi Frances & Tator, 50. xxxvii Ibid. Bibliography Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. (University of Minnesota Press: Minnesota, 1996). Asad, Talal. “Multiculturalism and British Identity in the Wake of the Rushdie Affair,” in Genealogies of Religion: discipline and reasons of power in Christianity and Islam. (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1994). Bissoondath, Neil. Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada. ( Penguin Publishing, 2002). Chandra, Subhesh, “Canadian Multicultural Mosaic,” in Multiculturalism: Canada and India. Ed. D.K. Paddy. ( Prestige, 2005). Chatterjee, Partha. “ The Rights of the Governed” in Tamils Studies SAS214h1f reader. Habermas, Jürgen . The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere:

An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Translated by Thomas Burger and Fredrick Lawrence. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991). Henry, Frances& Tator, Carol. The Color of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society, 3rd Edition. (Thompson/ Nelson Publishing, 2006). Mirchandani, Kiran & Tastsoglou, Evangelina, “Towards A Diversity, Beyond Tolerance.” Studies in Political Economy 6,. (Spring, 2000) 49-78 . Morgenthau, J. Politics Among Nations: The Struggles for Power and Peace, 6th edn. (New York: Knopt , 1985) R. Cheran, Theorizing Diasporas; Diasporcity: Citizens of the World in Sondhi, Sunil. ‘ Different Strokes: Multiculturalism and Civil Society in Canada and India,” in Multiculturalism: Canada and India. Ed. D.K. Paddy. ( Prestige, 2005) . Taylor, Charles. “The Politics of Recognition,” in Multiculturalism: Examining The Politics of Recognition. Charles Taylor [et al.] ed. Amy Gutmann. (Princeton University, Princeton, 1994). Imprint CBC Online article entitled: “Tamils Crowd Downtown Streets in latest Protest.” Published Wednesday, May 13, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2010 at : http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2009/05/13/tamilwednesday.html Online publication of an editorial posted by the Toronto Star entitled “ Protestors vs. the Public.” Published on April 30, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2010 at: http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/626522 No One is Illegal Website ( A Social Activist Group who is very active in Canada) Summation of their demands found at : http://toronto.nooneisillegal.org

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36 thrfHfSf;Fk; mHj;jKs;sjhf khWfpd;wJ. ftpQdpd; ftiyAk; Jd;gKk; ahtUila ftiyahfTk; Jd;gkh fTk; khwptpLfpd;wJ. ,t;thW elf;Fk; NghJ ftpij mofpay; Nehf;fpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wJ. rpy tiffspy; gf;jp ,yf;fpak; gilj;j ftpQDf;Fk;> murpay; khw;wj;ijg; gw;wp vOjpa ftpQDf;Fk; ,ilapy; xw;Wik cz;L. ,UtUNk nghJthd mDgtr; #oypd; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J vOJfpwhHfs;. xU fhyg;gpuptpy; nja; tPfk; vq;Fk; gutpaJ. ,d;ndhU fhyj;jpy; Jd;gk; vq;Fk; gutpaJ. ,Ue;jhYk; ehqf;s; epidT $Wk; mz; ikf;fhy ftpijfs; gy vd;W $wKbahJ. Fwpg;gpl;l rpy ftpijfNs vq;fisg; ngUk;ghYk; ftUtijf; fhzyhk;. ,jw;F xU fhuzk; ehq;fs; tha;nkhop gz; ghl;bypUe;J> vOj;J rhHe;j gz;ghl;bw;F khwpaJ vdyhk;. Mdhy; mJ Kw;wpYk; cz;ikay;y. ehshe;j tho;f; ifapy; tha;nkhop rhHe;j tof;FfSf;F ,g;nghOJk; Kf;fpa ,lKz;L. 1984 k; Mz;L gjpndhU <oj;Jf; ftpQHfs; vd;w E}y; vOjg;gl;l NghJ mjpy; 11 ftpQH ,lk; ngw;wdH. mLj;j Mz;L kue;j;Js; tho;Nthk; vd;w njhFjp ntspte;j NghJ mjpy; 31 ftpQHfs; NrHf;fg;gl;ldH. ,t;thW $Wk;NghJ xd;W kw;wijtpl rpwg;ghdJ vd;W fUj KbahJ. murpay; epyik khw $ba mstpy; ftpQHfs; cUthf Ntz;ba epiyik Vw;glyhk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; $ba mstpy; juTfisf; ifg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba NjitAk; cs;sJ vdyhk;. ,e;jf; fhyg;gpuptpy; fl;LiufSk;> gj;jpupiffSk; gy;NtW fl;Lg;ghLfSf;Fs; ,aq;fpdhYk;> kf;fSila tho;tpy; mj;jpahtrpakhd Njitia g+Hj;jpnra;jJ. ,tw;wpD ila Kf;fpaj;JtNk cldbahf nra;jpfis kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf; $Wtjpy; jq;fpapUe;jJ. ,j;jifa ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;ifAk; ftpijapd; Nehf;ifAk; xNu jsj;jpy; itj;J vilNghl KbahJ. jfty; njuptpg;gJ ftpijapd; Nehf;fky;y. ,jdhy; jhd;> ,d;W murpay; epiyik khwpa gpd;dH rpy ftpijfs; jkJ Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,oe;JtpLkh vd;w Iak; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. Kd;dH Fwpg;gpl;l gf;jpf; ftpijfs; ,d;W tiu nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wd. kjr; rhHG ,y;yhjtHfs; kj;jpapYk; ,it epiyj;jpUf;fpd;wd. mz;ikf;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; epiyik vt;thW mikAk; vd;gJ Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tp. Nrud; jd;Dila ftpijnahd;wpy; E}WE}whapuk; Njhs;fspy; epd;W ftpij ,aw;Wtijg; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;whH. ,j;jifa vz;zj;jpd; gpd;Gyk; vd;d? kuig mutizg; gjpd; nghWg;Gfs; vd;d? jkpo;r; #oypy; ftpQdpd; mil ahsk; vd;d?

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ftpQHfs; rkaq;fspy;

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kz;zpnyk; fhiy Mog; gjpj;J kuz Njtij ,aw;ifaha; te;J tUf vd;Dk; ,Wjpf; fzk;tiu %f;Fk; KopAkha; thoNt vOe;Njhk;! vd;W n[aghyd; vOJk; NghJ me;j nkhopapd; jhf;fk; GjpanjhU fw;gidia cUthf;fpd;wJ. ,Nj jhf;fj;ij Nrudpd; rpy tupfspy; fhzyhk;.

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epw;fpd;wd. jkpo;f; ftpijiag; nghWj;j tiuapy; kuigg; Gwf;fzpg;gNjh> kwg;gNjh Kbahjfhupak;. ,e;j kuG ftp Qdpd; fw;gidf;F ts%l;LtJky;y> rpwg;ghd ftpij fhyj;jhy; mopahJ vd;gij epidTWj;Jfpd;wJ. mNj rkaj;jpy; goikia kPz;Lk; cUthf;f KbahJ. jw;fhy ftpQd; ntz;ghtpy; ftpij ,aw;wp thrfHfisf; ftu KbahJ. ,d;iwa ftpij etPdj;ijg; Ngzj;jhd; Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; vg;nghOJ etPdj;Jtk; mofpaiy kwe;J> mDgtj;jpw;F Kjyplk; nfhLf;fpd;wNjh mg;ngh OJ ftpij gj;jpupifapd; ciueil Nghd;W khwptpL fpd;wJ. mjDila Nehf;fk; nra;jpiaf; $WtNjnahopa nkhopia khw;wpaikg;gJ my;y. E}y;fs; ngUk;ghYk; mofpaYf;F Kjd;ik nfhLj;J ftpijfisg; gbg;gjpy;iy. nkhopf;Fk; fUj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; cUth Fk; jfuhwpd; tpisthf Vw;gLtNj rpwe;j ftpij.

...ftpijapaYf;Fk; mofp aYf;Fkpilapy; NtWghL cz;L vd;gJ cz;iknad; whYk;$l mofpaiy cs;slf;fhj ftpijapay; gadw;wjhfp tpLfpd;wJ... ...,d;iwa ftpij etPdj;ijg; Ngzj;jhd; Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; vg;nghOJ etPdj;Jtk; mofp aiy kwe;J> mDgtj;jpw;F Kjyplk; nfhLf;fpdw ; Njh mg;nghOJ ftpij gj;jpupifapd; ciueil Nghd;W khwptpLfpdw ; J... ,Wjpahf rz;Kfk; rptypq;fj;jpd; ftpijNahL fl;L iuia Kbf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ,e;jf; ftpij ve;jr; #oypy; vOjg;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;W Cfpj;J mwptJ fbd kpy;iy. ,q;F $wg;gLtJ jdp kdpjdpd; Jauk;> nghJ kf;fspd; Jauk;. ,jw;F Nkyhy; vq;fspd; ftdj;ij <Hg;gJ ftpijapd; tbtKk;> mjd; nrhw;gpuNahfj;jpd; MoKk;> ctikAk; cUtfKk; mfepiyapd; gy;NtW jsq;fisAk; jOtp tUfpd;wJ. ftpijapd; Nehf;fpy; vg;nghOJ kdk; kuj;Jg; Ngha; epw;fpd;wNjh me;j Neuj;jpy; jhd; Jd;gk; jzy; Nghy; vupfpd;wJ. thdKk; g+kpAk; gpsf;fpd;w Neuj;jpy; jhd; njspthd fhl;rpAk;> jplKk; cUthfpd;wJ. ,e;jf; ftpijapy; mofpaypd; Nkd;ikiaf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

fy;yhfpg; Nghdtu;fs; ehk; fy;yhfpg; Nghdtu;fs; fy;yhfpg; Nghdnjq;fs; fz;fSk; cjLfSk; mr;rKk; gaKk; mw;Nw Nghapd kpQ;rp ,Ug;gJ nte;joy; khj;jpuk; ntsptuf; fdd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; jPg;gpok;G ,e;jg; ghiwapd; kPJjhd; vq;fs; ehLk; efUk; cUthFk; ,e;jg; ghiwfspd; kPJjhd; vq;fs; gRk; NrhiyfSk; cUthFk; mJtiuapy; fly;fs; gpsf;Fk; epyq;fs; ntbf;Fk; thdk; fpopAk; el;rj;jpuq;fs; cilAk; ,tw;wpilNa epkpu;e;J epw;Nghk; ehk; fy;yhf. mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Vuhskhd ftpijfis xl;Lnkhj;jkhf Nehf;Fk;> mofpay; rhHe;j juTfs; cUthf;fg;glhJ Nghdhy; kuigg; NgZtJ fbdk; vd;gJ njspthFk;. Mq;fpyf; ftpQH Ntl];Ntj; (Word worth) ftpijapay; gw;wpf; $Wk; NghJ> ftpij ‘mfepiyapd; jhf;Fjyhy; kil jpwe;j nts;sk; Nghy;’ ntsptUk; vd;W $Wfpd;whH. mNj rkak; mfepiyapd; jhf;fk;> mDgtj;ij kPs;Nehf;fk; nra;Ak; GwepiyapNyNa cUthf Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nrhy;fpd;whH.

,yq;if

,e;jpah <ok;

j.rptjhrd;;

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jak; gytPdkhdtu;fs; jkpo;g; gFjpfSf;F tuNtz;lhk;’ vd;w vr;rupf;ifNahL ez;gu; ciuahliy Muk;gpj;jhu;. rkPgj;jpy; aho;g;ghzk; Ngha; te;jjd; gpd;tpisT mJ. mtu; xU ePz;lfhy ‘Gyp; tpku;rfu;’. ePz;l fhykhfg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Nghf;Ffis tpku;rpj;jtu; constructively, of course!.

...njd;-fpof;F Mrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; jw;NghJ ,Uf;fpd;w tYr; rkd;ghl;by; ,yq;iff;Fk; xU gq;F ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ijNa gfilf;fhahfg; ghtpj;J k`pe;j Gypfis ntd;whu;. mJ ePzl; fhyj;jpw;F epiyf;fhJ... ...mLj;jfl;l MAjg;Nghiuj; jkpouhy; jdpNaepd;W elhj;j KbahJ. nghUshjhuj; Njitfis kPwpj; jhu;kPfj; Njitfis Kd;dpiyg;gLj;j cyfk; jahuhtpy;iy...

jkpou; milahsq;fs; ntF Ntfkhf mopf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. jpl;lkpl;l tifapy; mjpfhuq;fs; gwpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. jl;bf; Nfl;f ahUkpy;iy. Gypfs; Njhw;fbf;fg;gLthu;fs; vd;W ,yq;if muRkl; Lky;y Gypfisg; gytPdg;gLj;JfpNwhk; vd;W epidj;J fz;Lk; fhzhky; ,Ue;j cyf ehLfSk; vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf; ftpy;iy. Gypfspd; mopT Nkw;fpd; jpl;lq;fisAk; Nru;jN ; j mopj;Jtpl;lJ. Gypfspd; Ml;rpapd; cr;rk; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijf;F Kd;ghd fhyk; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;yyhk;. Nrhou; Ml;rpf;Fg; gpd;du; jkpoupd; nghw;fhyKk; mJNt. me;j ntw;wpapd; ghw;gl;l nefpo;tw;w jd;ikNa mtu;fsJ moptpd; Muk;gk;. There was writing on the wall. kiy cr;rpapy; Muk;gpf;Fk; rpW rupTfs;jhd; mbthuj;jpy; gyj;j mopTfisf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ. Jujpu;~;ltrkhf mq;Fjhd; mtu;fspd; ‘Fbkf; fSk;’ thoNtz;bAk; NeupLfpwJ. Gypfspd; mopT Vw;gLj;jg; NghFk; ghupa cl;rpijitj; (massive implosion) jhq;Ftjw;fhd jahupg;gpy; vtUNk

,Ue;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;if muR kl;Lky;y jkpo;ehL kw;Wk; Gyk; ngau;e;j jkpoUq;$l vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;ftpy;iy. xU tifahd avalanche jhd;. mijj; jLj;J epWj;Jk; ty;yik vtUf;FNk ,Ue;jpUf;ftpy;iy. czu;r;rp trg; gl;l $r;ry;fis epug;gpf;nfhz;L ‘jhu;kPfg; gilfs;’ te;jpwq;fp jq;;fisf; fhg;ghw;Wk; vd;W kf;fis ek;g itj;jjpy; ntspehl;Lj; jkpou;fSf;F (jkpo;ehL Nru;e;j) ghupa gq;Fz;L. Gypfspd; mopthy; te;j ghupa cl;rpijT KO ,yq;ifapdJk; rpijTf;fhd Muk;gNkjhd;. Gypfs; ,Ue;j cr;rp ,d;W k`pe;jtpd; Ml;rpapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ntw;wpf; fspg;gpd; Nfspf;iffs; Kba mtuJ ghjq;f Sf;Ff; fPNo rupTfs; Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,e;jj; jlit mJ jkpou; jug;gpypUe;J my;yhJ njd;dpyq;if kf;fsplkpUe;J Muk;gpf;Fk;. N[.tp.gp kw;Wk; khztu; fpsu;r;rpfs; mijf; nfhz;L elj;Jk;.

74 jkpoiuj; Njhw;fbj;jjw;fhf <oj; jkpou;fs; ,e;jpahit nehe;J nfhz;lJk; mjd;kPJ rhgkpl;lJk; Gupe;Jnfhs; sg;gl Ntz;baNj. Mdhy; xU epue;ju jPu;itg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjpy; ,e;jpahitj; jtpu Ntnwe;j rf;jpahYk; KbahJ vd;gijAk; ehk; czuNtz;Lk;. ntWk; czu;r;rp trg;gl;l J}w;wy;fSk; fho;gG ; zu;TfSk; jkpoUf;F ve;jtp jj;jpYk; cjthJ. ,e;jpahitg; gq;fhspahf;fhJ ghJfhg; ghd ntspehLfspypUe;J ehk; vLf;fpd;w ve;j Kaw;rpfSk; kPz;LnkhU Ks;sptha;f;fhiyNa cUthf;Fk;. gdpg;NghUf;Fg; gpd;du; cyf xOq;if khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xNu tpir nghUshjhuk;. mnkupf;fhtplkp Ue;J cyf ty;yhjpf;fj;ijf; $WNghl rPdh> u~;ah> ,e;jpah Nghd;wit Kad;Wnfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. jdJ nghUshjhuj;ijg; NgZtjw;fhf njd;-fpof;F Mrpahtpd; Mjpf;fj;ijr; rPdh - ,e;jpahtplk; jhiuthu;f;f mnkupf;fh jaq;fhJ. jha;thdpd; tpl;Lf;nfhLg;G ,jw;F ey;y cjhuzk;. I.eh.tpd; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapy; epue;ju ,Ug;gplk; ngWtjw;fha; ,e;jpah Vida ty;yuRfspd; jaitg;ngw Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. ,jw;fhf ve;j tpl;Lf;nfhLg; gpw;Fk; ,e;jpah jaq;fhJ. njd;-fpof;F Mrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; jw;NghJ ,Uf;fpd;w tYr; rkd;ghl;by; ,yq;iff;Fk; xU gq;F ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ijNa gfilf;fhahfg; ghtpj;J k`pe;j Gypfis ntd;whu;. mJ ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F epiyf;fhJ. ty;yhjpf;f rf;jpfspd; gpuhe;jpa Nts;tpf;F Kjw; gyp Gypfs; vd;why;; ,uz;lhtJ k`pe;jtpd; Ml;rp;. jw;NghJs;s ,yq;if - ,e;jpa cwT jw;fhypfkhdJ> gu];guk; ek;gpf;ifaw;wJ. vg;NghJ ahu; ahuJ fOj;ij mWg;ghu;fs; vd;W njupahJ. njd;dpyq;ifapy; jhk; kf;fspilNa ,oe;j nry;thf;if kPz;Lk; ngw N[.tp.gp apw;F ,Uf;Fk; xNu xU MAjk; ‘,e;jpa vjpu;g;G’. gpsT gl;Lg;NghapUf;Fk; A+.vd;.gp. Ak; ,jw;Fg; gpw;Gyj;jpy; Jiz NghFk;. ,ij ,e;jpah czuhky; ,y;iy. tlf;F fpof;fpy; ,e;jpah jdJ nghUshjhu Mjpf;fj;ijr; nrYj;JtjdhNyNa ,yq;ifapy; jdJ ,Uj;jiy epu;zapf;Fk;. xU tifapy; tlf;F fpof;if xU tpjkhd ‘soft take over’ tbtj;jpy; jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;LtUk;. Gypfspd; moptpd; gpd;dhy; ‘jkpo; kf;fis ehk; fhg;ghw;WNthk;’ vd;W ,e;jpah nrhy;tJ mtu;fsJ nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;il cUthf;FtijNa fUJtjhFk;. Gypfspd; mopTf;F Kd;djhfNt fpof;fpy; gps;isahid ‘mku;j;Jtjpy;’ ,J Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. tlf;fpy; ,e;jpahtpd; ek;gpf;iff;F cupa vtUk; ,Jtiu ,y;iy. ,e;j ntw;wplj;ij k`pe;j jdf;F rhjfkhfg; ghtpj;J tlf;ifr; rpq;fs kakhf; Ftjpy; Ntfkhfr; nraw;gLfpwhu;. njd;dpyq;iff; fpsu;r; rpfSf;F kf;fshjuT fpilf;fhkypUf;f mtu;fSf;F k`pe;j NghLk; jPdpNa tlf;F ‘fpof;F rpq;fs kakhf;fy;.

36 ,ijj; jLj;J epWj;j jkpou;fSf;F ,g;NghJ tYtpy;iy. ,e;j Ntisapy; vkf;F ,Uf;Fk; xNu jaT ,e;jpahjhd;. jkpo;ehL rpd;dhgpd;dg;gl;Lg; NghapUf;fpwJ. Gypfs; ,d;Dk; mopff ; g;gltpyi ; y vd;w tha;gg ; hl;il ,yq;ifAk; ,e;jpahTk; ,d;Dk; rpy tUlq;fSf;Fg; ghbf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghu;fs;. mtu;fspd; murpaYf;F mJ Njitahf ,Uf;fyhk;. jkpoUf;Fj; jdpehL Njitf;fhd fhyk; ,JNtjhd;. mijr; rpq;fs NjrNk cUthf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;jj; jlit jkpou; mjw;Fj; jahuhftpy;iy. mLj;j fl;l MAjg; Nghiuj; jkpouhy; jdpNa epd;W elhj;j KbahJ. nghUshjhuj; Njitfis kPwpj; jhu;kPfj; Njitfis Kd;dpiyg;gLj;j cyfk; jahuhtpy;iy. vdNt ehk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ murpaw; Nghu;jhd;. mjd; fsk; ,yq;ifapy;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. mjpy; Kf;fpa gq;fshsp ,e;jpahthfNt ,Uf;f KbAk;. ,e;jpahtpd; fhy;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Mokhfg; gjpa Ntz; Lk;. mJ nghUshjhug; ghijapD}Ljhd; tuNtz;Lk;. jkpou; tu;j;jfk; rpq;fstupd; iffspy; Nghtijtpl jkpo;ehl;Lj; jkpouplk; Nghfyhk;. ,e;j tu;j;jf Mjpf;fk; jd;NdhL fyhr;rhu Mjpf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L tUk;. mjdhNyjhd; tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; ,oe;J NghFk; nkhopAk; fyhr;rhuKk; kPz;Lk; epiy epWj;jg;gLk;. rpq;fs kakhf;fiy cldbahfj; jLj;J epWj;j ,JNt ,g;Ngh ijf;F xNu top. ,e;jpa-rPd G+ry; cr;rk; ngWtjw;fhd rhj;jpak; ,g;Nghijf;F ,y;iy. 2000k; Mz;L 3 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nts;spfs; vd;wpUe;j tu;j;jfk; ,d;W 60 gpy;ypad;fis vl;bapUf;fpwJ. cyfj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ nghUshjhug; G+jkhf rPdh cUntLj;Js;s epiyapy; ,e;jpah rPdhNthL cuRtjw;fhd #oy; ,g;Nghijf;F ,y;iy. mg;gbay;yhJ Nghu; %Sk; gl;rj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; jlk; gjpg;gJ ,e;jpahTf;F kpfTk; mj;jpahtrpakhdjhfptpLk;. mg;NghJ ,yq;ifapd; rpijT Kw;Wg;ngw;wjhfptpLk;. mJtiu vkJ Ml;Lf; fy;ypy; murpay; kl;Lk;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kpF czu;r;rpAk; tpku;rdg; gpwo;Tk; gpugQ;rd;

kpou;fs; czu;r;rptrg;gl;ltu;fs; vd;W gyUk; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;. mJ jtW. mtu;fs; kpF czu;r;rp trg;gl; ltu;fs;. cau; fl;blk;> mtu;fSf;F thdj;ijKl;l Ntz;Lk;. jdpkdp ju;fs; $w;Wfisf; fhl;bYk;> kf;fs; $l;lk; FOkpa murpay;> kw;Wk; rpdpkhj;Jiwg; gpuKfu;fSf;F mtu;fs; R+l;Lk; cr;rg; GidTfs; mjpu;r;rpA+l;lf; $bait. jq;fs; jiytu;fis mtu;fs; ngau; nrhy;ypNa miog;gjpy;iy. mJ kupah ijf; FiwT. jiytu;fs;> jq;fs; jhahu;fspd; tapw;wpyp Ue;J ntspg;gl;lTlNdNa> jhahu;fNs mf; Foe;ijfisg; ghu;j;J KidtNu> jkpNo> ,l xJf;fPl;Lr; r%fePjpf; fhtyNu vd;Wjhd; mioj;jhu;fs;. jiytu;f Sf;Fk; ngaNu ,Uf;fhjh? ,Uf;Fk;. mJ gs;spf; $lj;jpy; Nru;gg ; jw;fhf. xU jiytiu ePqf ; s; tpNuhjpj; Jf;nfhs;s Rygkhd top> mtiug; ngau; nrhy;yp miog;gJ kl;Lk;jhd;. KWf;Nfwpa cr;rg; GidTfis ePq;fs; rpdpkhtpy; ghu;f; fyhk;. xU ,af;Feu; ‘,kak;’ vd;Wk; xU ,af;Feu; ‘rpfuk;’ vd;Wk; mwpag;gLfpwhu;. murpay; rpdpkh ,uz;Lf; Fk; vq;fs; ehl;by; tpj;ahrk; ,y;iyNa! xU ebfu; ‘R+g;gu; ];lhu;’ vd;W mwpag;gl;lhu;. kw;nwhU ebfu; ‘my;bNkl;’ Mdhu;. ,d;DnkhUtu; ‘Rg;upk;’ vd;whdhu;. glk; vg;gb vd;W xU urpfiuf; NfSq;fs;. ‘R+g;gu; ^g;gu;’ vd;ghu;. R+g;gu; GupfpwJ> mJ vd;d ^g;gu;? xd;Wkpy;iy. mJ xU cr;rk;!

...ney;Yk; capu; md;Nw> ePUk; capu; md;Nw kd;dd; capu;j;Nj kyu; jiy cyfk;... ney;Nyh> ePNuh my;y r%fj;jpd; capu;. khwhf> kd;dNd r%fj;jpd; capu;...

FLk;gq;fspy; ngz;fs; ,d;Dk; mofhf kl;Lk; ,y;iy. ‘yl;Rkpfukhf’ ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. tPL - nrhu;f;fk;> nrj;jtu;f Sf;Fr; rptNyhf gjtpAk; itFe;j gjtpAk; epr;rak; cz;L. ,yf;fpaj; JiwapYk; ,J jiyfhl;lhkyh ,Uf;Fk;. ftpQu; vd;gJ NghJkhdjhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ftpr; rf;uthj;jpfs;> ftp muru;fs;> ftpf;Nfhkhd;fs;... ,e;j czu;r;rpg; gputhfr; nrhy;yhky; mJf;Fj; jkpo; kugpy; VNjDk; Mjhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh? ,Uf;fpwJ. rq;f ,yf;fpak; vd;W Rl;lg;gLk; Mjp ,yf;fpaq;fspypUe;Nj ,e;j tif czu;r;rpg; gPwply;fSf;fhd mbj;jsk; fhzf; fpilf;fpwJ. Gytu;f;s; kd;du;fSf;$lhd cwTfspd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpy; gyg; gbj;jtu;f;s;. mr;rj;ij Nehf;fp ,tu;fspd; Gfo;nkhopfs; nry;tijg; gbg; gbahff; fhzyhk;.

gb:1

ghz;bad; neLQ;nropaidf; FlGytpadhu;. ghbaJ : GwehD}W 18. kf;fspd; mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; gw;wp Nahrp> cly;> ePuhYk; czthYk; mtNtJ> czT kdpj tho;f;iff;F ,d;wpaikjhJ. kf;fSf;F czT je;jtu;> capiuj; je;jtu; Mtu;. czT cw;gj;jp> ePu; Mjhuj;jhy; MdJ. Mf> ,aw;ifahff; Fope;j epyj;jpy; Fsk; ntl;L. epiuf; fl;LNthu;jhd; ey;y muirj; jUk; kd;du;fs;. mtu;fNs epiyj;j Gfiog; ngWtu;. mjpfhuj;jplk;> Gytu;f;s; kf;fSf;fhd Njitfisr; nrhy;yp> mtu;fSf;F mwpT Cl;ba fhyfl;lk; ,J.

gb:2

mjpfhuj;Jf;Fk; r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; epd;W> r%fj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;g;ig mjpfhuj;jplk;> vLj;Jiuj;J Mf;f G+u;tkhfr; nray;gl;l Gyik tu;ff ; k;> jhNd r%fk; vd;W jd; mjpfh uj;ij epiy epWj;jpa muru;fspd; mjpfhuj;ij epiy epWj; jpa muru;fspd; mjpfhuj;ij tpOq;fpf;nfhz;L mij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lNjhLk; epy;yhky;> kf;fSf;Fk; mijr; rpghupR nra;fpw fhyKk; te;J Nru;e;jJ. Nkhrpfpudhu; ghbaJ. Gwk; 186. ,e;j NkhrpfPud;> Nrud; ,Uk;nghiwapd; muz;kidf;Fs; GFe;J> fisg;gpd; fhuzkhf mq;fpUe;j fl;bypy; gLj;J cwq;fptpl;lhs;. mf;fl;by; kd;ddpd; KuR itf;Fk; fl;by;. mjpy; gLg;gJ murid mtkhdg;gLj;JtJ. jz;lid jiyntl;Ljy;> Mdhy;> Nrud;> Gytu; tpope;njOk; tiuf;Fk; mtu; jiykhl;ba epd;W tprpwp tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,r;rk;g tj;ij NkhrpfPud; (Gwk; 50) gjpT nra;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,Nj tp~aj;ij Qhdf;$j;jd; mq;fjPkhf> ‘murhq;fj;Jf; fl;blj;jpy; J}f;fk; Nghl;l Kjy; kdpjd;> ghbaijAk; epidT $u;jy; jUk;. ,e;j NkhrpfPud; jhd;> ,g;gbg; ghLfpwhu;. Guk; : 186. ney;Yk; capu; md;Nw> ePUk; capu; md;Nw kd;dd; capu;j;Nj kyu; jiy cyfk;... ney;Nyh> ePNuh my;y r%fj;jpd; capu;. khwhf> kd;dNd r%fj;jpd; capu;... mjpfhuj;ij> mjd; msit> nfhjpg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mij topnkhope;j Gyiktu;f;fk; cUthfptpl;lJ.

36 gb 3.

mjpfhuj;ij newpg;gLj;jpa Gyiktu;f;fk;> ,g;NghJ kd;du;fis> Nte;ju;fis tho;j;Jk; epiyf;F te;J tpLfp wJ. Gwk; 43-y;> jhkg;gy; fz;zdhu;> Nrhoid> ‘cd; MAs; rpwf;fl;Lk;> fhtpup kzypd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhl;bYk;> cd; tho; ehs; ePs;tjhf’ vd;fpwhu;. Nru murid ,sq;Nfh>nghUis kzy; Jspfisf; fhl;bYk; ePU tho;ehs; ngWf’ vd;fpwhu;. ghz;baid xU Gytu;. g/Wsp Mw;W kzYk; mjpf ehl;fs; tho;f vd;fpwhu;. tho;j;Jjy;> ruprkkhd ,Utu;f;Fs;Sk; epfOk;. NkLk; gs;sKkhd ,UtupilNaAk; epfOk;. ,J xU fhyfl;lk;.

gb:5.

Nrud; fLq;Nfh thopahjidf; fgpyu; ghLk;ghly;> Gfo;e;J NgRjypd; cr;rk;. ‘R+upad; Nghd;wtd; Nrud; vd;fpwhu;fs;. mJ jtW. R+upad; gfypy; kl;LNk gpufhrpf;fpwhs;. Nrud; ,utpYk; $l. epyTf;Fr; R+upad; Gwq;nfhLj;J kiwfpwJ. Nrud; Gwk; nfhlhjtd;. R+upad; kiyapy; kiwfpwJ. Nrud; ahUf;fhfTk; kiwe;J ,Uf;fhjtd;...! ,J $lg; guthapy;iy. ghupiag; ghuhl;LtJjhd;> ,d;Wtiu ePbf;fpw kughfpwJ. ghu; ghu; vd;W Gfo;e;J nfhz;LtUfpwPu;fNs> ghup kl;Lkh cyifg; ghJfhg;gtd;. khup vd;fpw kioAk; $l cyiff; fhg;ghw;Wfpw G+e;JjhNd? tiaj;Js;s Rkhu; 500 Mz;Lf; fhyq;fspy; vg;gb khwp topjtwp ,Uf;fpwJvd;gijf; fhZk;NghJ> ve;nje;jg; gb epiyfisf; fle;J nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij czUk;NghJ> ,d;J tiu jkpou; tho;tpy; ePbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpw xUjtwhd Nghf;if ,dk; fhz KbfpwJ.

fhyk; K.ngh. rpwg;gpjo;

K.nghtpd; Gifg;glq;fs; cjtp: fw;Rwh

2010 october

fhyk; 36

N.K.S Ketha Nadarajah President

Drapery & Blinds Fabric Ltd.

210 Silver star Blvd# 825 Scarborough, ON M1V 5J9

Tel: 416 321 6420 Fax: 416 321 2217 Email: info@nskdrapery.ca | Web: www.nskdrapery.ca

K.nghTk; mtuJ ftpijfSk; Nguhrphpah;

fhh;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gp

K.ngh gw;wpa Fwpg;nghd;wpid jUkhW fdlhtpy; ,Ue;J vdf;F XH miog;G te;Js;sJ. ehd; Kjypy; Nfl;l Nfs;tp Mq;fpyj;jpy; mtiug; gw;wpAk; mtH vOj;Jf;fisAk; gpuRhpf;fg; Nghfpd;wPHfsh? vd;gJ jhd;. K.nghitg; gw;wpa ,d;ndhU fUj;Jj; njhFg;G ntsptUtJ tuNtw;fg;gl Ntz;baNj. ,tH njhlHe;Jk; vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wikahy; Complete Works vd xd;iwf; nfhz;L tu KbahJ> nfhz;L tuf; $lhJ. K.ngh gw;wp Kjypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;baJ mtH jk; ftpijfspNy nfhz;L tUk; jj;Jtk; MFk; (nka;apay;). K.nghtpDila mwpthoKk;> mfw;rpAk; tpaf;fj;jf;fit. Mq;fpy mwpT mthplj;jpy; cz;L vd nrhy;tJ KO cz;ikiaAk; ntspf; nfhzu khl;lhJ. Mq;fpyj;ij %y nkhopahf nfhz;L ntsp tUk; ftpijg; gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa mwpT ,thplj;jpy; epiwa cz;L. rHtNjr murpay; gw;wpa rpuj;ijAk; <LghLk; cz;L. ,tw;why; K.nghtpd; ftpijfs; kpf tpj;jpahrkhf cs;sd. ‘nghwpapy; mfg;gl;l Njrk;| vd;w mtuJ ftpij E}Yf;F vOjpAs;s Kd;Diuapy; ,jid mOj;jkhfNt vLj;Jf; $wpAs;Nsd;. K.nghtpd; ftpj;Jt nry;newpf;F ‘ftpijapy; Jbf;Fk; fhyk;| ey;y cjhuzkhFk;. jiyg;gpy; tUk; Jbf;Fk; vDk; nrhy; kpf Mokhd kdg;gbkq;fis fpswp tpLfpd;wJ. ftpijapd; XH ,ay;G mjpNy nrhy;yg;gl;lit khj;jpuNk my;yhky; nrhy;yg;gl;lit fpswp tpLk; kd mjpHTfs; MFk;. ,e;j mjpHtpd; Mo mfyk; thrfUf;F thrfH NtWgLk;. xt;nthU thrfUk; VNjh xU tifapy; jdf;F Vw;gl;l mDgtq;fisAk; mit Vw;gLj;Jk; gl;nlwpT fpsHTfisAk; (Reflections) nfhz;Nl jdJ thrpg;gpd; njhpTfisAk; nra;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ftpj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfspy; xd;W mJ rpwpanjhU rk;gtk; %yk; tho;fi ; f KOtJk; gw;wpa ntspr;rk; ,LtJ jhd;. me;j ntspr;rj;jpNy mr;rpW rk;gtk; xU Kf;fpakhd rpe;jid Cw;whf mike;J tpLfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F mjpf J}uk; miya Ntz;bajpy;iy. ‘ftpijapy; Jbf;Fk; fhyk;’ vDk; njhFg;gpy; tUk; KjyhtJ ftpijia vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. fhyk; vdf;F ,Ue;jjha; njhpatpy;iy> fhrpUe;j fhyj;jpy;! fhR ifiaf; fbj;jNghJ fhyk; %f;if Eioj;jJ. fhjy; trg;gl;L kaq;fp ,Uf;ifapYk;

fhyk; ,y;yhJ Nghapw;W. gpd;ndhUehs; fhjypahs; fz;zPH rpe;jj; njhlq;Fifapy; fhyk; muT Nghy; Kd;nespe;J mr;RWj;jpw;W. ,d;ndhUehs; vkJ Clypy; vOe;j curypy; fhyk; mWe;J mts; fOj;J kzpkhiynad vd;Kd; rpjwpw;W. xUthW mts; kde;Njw;wp> nfhl;Lz;l kzpNfhh;f;f> fhyNk E}yha; cs;Eioe;J vd;idf; fps;spw;W. fhjypahs; kidtpahdJk;> fytpapy; tpise;j gps;isfs; gpwe;Jk; fhyk; vd;id cUl;b vLj;J tPrpw;W fiuapy; vj;Jz;l kPdha; JbJbg;G. MapDk; vd;NdhL $lte;j mwpT fhyj;ij ,ilf;fpil mWj;J tpl;nlwpAk; vd;idg; NgH ntspapy; mfhyf; Fspg;G! vd; fhf;ifr; rpwFjwypy; vidg; Nghh;j;jpUe;j fhyePH njwpj;jfy mfhyf; Fspg;gpy;> Md;kh! (mfhyf; Fspay; vd;w ftpij) jdJ tho;f;ifapy; xt;nthU tsHr;rpf; fl;lq;fisAk; epidT gLj;jp tpl;L me;j rpe;jidr; rq;fpypapd; tpisthf Vw;gLk; kd epiyia filrp thpfs; $Wfpd;wd.

fis jUgtuhf K.ngh tpsq;Ffpwhh;. K.ngh tpd; ftpijg; nghUs; gpugQ;rj;Jtk; (Universality MFk;. mjhtJ gpugQ;rk; nghJthd tplaq;fs; gw;wpNa ,tUila ftpij rpuj;ij mikfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf ‘gpugQ;r Fk;kp|> ‘mZGuhzk;| Mfpatw;iw fhl;lyhk;.

‘vd; fhf;ifr; rpwFjwypy; vd;idg; NghHj;jpUe;j fhyePH njwpj;jfy mfhyf; Fspg;gpy; Md;kh!| Nfhapy; jpUtpohf; fhyq;fspy; Kd;dH ‘mtpl;L| vDk; thzj;ij tpLtH. mjid epiyahf itj;J mjw;F neUg;G Vw;wpaJk; mJ FGFGntd NkNy Ngha; ntbj;J rpjWk; nghOJ xt;nthd;Wk; ntspr;rf; fjpHfsha;> gytHzf; Nfhyq;fsha; thdj;jpy; tphpAk;.

mz;zhe;J ghh;j;Njd; E}ypUe;J fPopwq;Fk; fhyj;jpy; CQ;rypLk; rpye;jp fz;fhzh fhy Kfl;by; Kbr;rpl;L Viznad MLk; gpugQ;rk; K.ngh ek;kpilNa tho;fpd;w xU mw;Gjkhd ftpQh;. Vw;fdNt ntspte;j ,tuJ ftpij E}y;fs; ,tuJ ghh;it tprhyj;ij fhl;LfpwJ. [duQ;rfkhf ey;y jkpo; ftpijfs; ,d;W rpdpkhTf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;Nj ntsptUk; ,e;ehl;fspy; mj;jifa trjp tha;gG ; f;fs; mw;w <oj;jpNy tho;e;J nfhz;L Mdhy; jdJ ftpj;Jt Nehf;fpy; gpugQ;rk; KOtijANk xd;whf ghh;f;fpd;w xU ftpQd; ,dq;fhzg;glhkNy Ngha;tpLk; Mgj;Jk; cs;sJ.

cz;ikapy; NkNy nrhd;d thpfis thrpf;Fk; NghJ mj;jifa Mfha epiyg;gl;l xspr;rpjwy;fNs vdf;F njhpfpd;wd. Mq;fpyj;jpy; From the general to the particicular vd;w xU njhlH cz;L. K.ngh ,jidNa nra;fpwhh;. nghJg;ilahdtw;wpy; ,Ue;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rj;ijAk;> xU Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rj;jpy; ,Ue;J nghJ epiyiaAk; rpj;jhpf;fpd;w jpwd; ,q;F gspr;rpLfpd;wJ. ,d;W ek;kpilNa ftpij gw;wp epyTk; nrhw;gpjph; top gpur;rpidfs; ahtw;Wf;Fk; mg;ghNy nrd;W cz;ikahd ftpij-

Ez; ngUf;fpapd; fz;fSs; Kl;ilf; Fkpo; vd kpd;DfpwJ mZ Qhapw;Wg; Gs;spaha; mZtpd; ikak; Nfhsepiuaha; Rw;wp mij tUk; Jzpf;if mZf;fs; gpugQ;rk; mZtpy; Kfk; ghh;f;fpwJ mZ gpugQ;rj;ij mil fhf;fpwJ Vo;fly; tpOq;fpaha; (#j;jpuh; tUif) ,tUila ftpijfspy; Fwpg;ghf ,j;njhFg;Gf;fspy; tUk; Kf;fpa mk;rk; fhykhFk; (Time). ,J K.ngh tpd; rpe;jpg;G vy;iyfis ekf;F fhl;LfpwJ. rpe;jpg;G vy;iy vd;gjpYk; ghh;f;f mthpd; kdg;gjpT (Perception) vd;Nw ,tw;iw $wNtz;Lk;. mt;tif apy; K.ngh thkhdtjhukhfNt vdf;F fhl;rpaspf; fpwhh;. tho;f;ifapy; md;whl gpur;ridfshy; ciy Tw;W (ghh;ff ; Tk; Gay; vd;w ftpij) jdJ ftiyfis elg;G epiy Kiwikf;Fs;NsNa jPHj;JtpLfpd; w tho;f;if Kiwia nfhz;Ls;s K.nghd;dk;gyj;jpd; rpj;jk; (Mind) vj;Jiz tprhykhdJ vd;gij ca;j;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ ekf;F rpyph;g;Ng Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

mjp~;ltrkhf K.ngh tpd; ez;gHfs; gyH K.ngh vd;w ftpQdJ urpfHfNs. mjdhy; K.ngh it ehq;fs; njhlHe;J mwpe;J nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,tw;iw

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tplaj;ijAk; gjpT nra;J nfhs;s tpUk;GfpNwd;. ftpQdhf ,Ug;gjw;F ahg;gwpT> nrhy;tsk; Mfp ait my;y Kf;fpakhdit. ftpj;Jtkhd cs;sk; (Poetic Mind) Kf;fpak;. ey;y thrfHfs; gyhpilNa ftpj;Jt cs;sk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,tHfSf;F ftpijfis ,aw;w Kbahky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ftpj;Jt cs;sk; ,y;yhJ ftpijfis urpf;f KbahJ. ftpj;Jtk; cs;s thrfHfsplj;J mtHfspd; ftpj;Jt cs;sj;ij NkYk; NkYk; nrOikg;gLj;Jk; ftpijfis K.ngh vOJfpwhh;. nghJtpNy ftpijfis nkhop ngaHf;f KbahJ. Fwpg;gpl;l ftpijapd; ftpj;Jt rhuj;ij me;j nkhopapd; ftpj;Jt kuGf;Nfw;g nrhy;yyhk;. (cjhuzk; ckHf; ifahk; ghly;fspd; Mq;fpy nkhop ngaHg;Gf;F jkpopy; te;Js;s ngaHg;GfshFk;. mtw;iw ftpkzp Njrpa tpehafk; gps;isAk;> r.J.R. NahfpAk; mg;Jy;fhju; nyg;igAk; nra;Js;sdH). K.nghtpd;

ftpijfis

Mq;fpyj;jpy;

ngaHj;jy;

mtrpak;. me;j ngaHg;gpD}lhf K.ngh tpd; gpugQ;rj;Jtj;jd;ik (Universality) njhpatUk;. K.ngh tpw;F jkpo; mtuJ gpugQ;r Nehf;Ff;fhd VWgbfNs. K.nghtpd; mLj;j ftpij njhFjpia vjpHghHj;J epw;Fk; ... ... ...

rhk;gypy; gpwe;J tpz;zpy; gwf;Fk; /gPdpf;]; gwit> ftpQh; K.nghd;dk;gyk; vd;.Nf.kfhypq;fk;

K.nghd;dk;gyk; (1939) vd; Ciur; (Gq;FLjPT) Nrh;e;jth;. vd; cwtpdh;. Mdhy; mtiu ehd; re;jpj;jJ ,uj;jpdGhpapy;. ,uj;jpdGhp th;j;jfh;fs; jq;fs; gps;isfis Mq;fpyg; gs;spfspy; gbg;gpg;gjw;fhf mq;Nf mioj;Jr; nry;th;. mg;gbr; nrd;wth;fs; jhd; ehDk; mtUk;. gjpd;k taJfSf;F Kd;dNu mth;fs; miof;fg;gl;L tpLth;. ,ilepiyg; gs;spapy; Muk;gpj;j mth;fs; fy;tp gy;fiyf; fofk; tiu nry;yyhk;. Mdhy; nrd;wth;fs; kpff; FiwT. gjpd;k taJg; gps;isfSf;Nf chpa Fog;gbfSk; mth;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gz trjpAk; mth;fisj; jk; fy;tpapy; ftdk; nrYj;jhky; itj;J tpLtJk; cz;L. K.ngh vd;dpYk; xU rpy Mz;Lfs; %j;jth;. mjdhy; mtUld; goFk; re;jh;gg ; k; mg;NghJ fpilf;ftpy;iy. mj;Jld;> ehd; jpUk;gTk; aho;g;ghzk; gbf;fr; nrd;W tpl;ljhy; jpUk;gTk; ,uj;jpdGhpapy; gbf;f te;jNghJ jhd; mtiu Kjd; Kjypy; re;jpj;Jg; NgRk; tha;g;igg; ngw;Nwd;. xU khiyNeuk; efug; gpujhd tPjpahy; ve;j Nehf;fKk; mw;W ele;J nfhz;bUf;ifapy; nghd;dk;gyk; jq;fs; filapy; ,Ue;J VNjh thrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mtUila el;ghd ghh;itNah vd;dNth mtiu ehbr; nrd;Nwd;. ,UtUf;Fk; xUtiu xUth; njhpAk;. Mdhy; Ngrpajpy;iy. mth; vdJ gbg;igg; gw;wp tprhhpj;jhh; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;. gpwF jd;dplk; ,Ue;j vd;fTz;lh; rQ;rpif xd;iwj; je;J mjpypUe;j rpWfij xd;iw thrpf;fj; je;jhh;. /nghf; vd;w me;jf; fijapd; jiyg;G ,d;Wk; vdf;F epidtpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; fij kwe;J tpl;lJ. mJ 61 Mk; Mz;lhf ,Uf;fyhk;. mth; mg;nghOJ yz;ld; V.vy; Njh;Tf;F jd;id jahh;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j fhykhfthfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;.. mthpd; jikad; K.jisarpq;fk; gy;fiyf; foff; fy;tpia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L ,uj;jpdGhpf;Fj; jpUk;gp te;j fhyk;. Å

K.ngh. gy NrhjidfSf;F cs hPjpapYk;> cly; hPjpapYk;> cl;gl;lth;. mthpd; je;ij ,uj;jpdGhpapy; nghpa th;j;jfh;. K.j.Tk; K.ngh.Tk; rpWth;fshf ,Ue;jNghNj mth; ,we;J tpl;lhh;. mj;Jld; mth;fSf;F %j;jnthU jkf;ifAk; ,Ue;jhh;. K.j.Tk; K.ngh.Tk; ,uj;jpdGhpapy; fy;tp fw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyk; mJ. mth;fSf;Fr; nrhj;Jf;fs; ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; mtw;iwAk;> mth;fisAk; Nkw;ghh;it ghh;j;jth;fs; mthpd; neUq;fpa cwtpdh;fs;. jhAk; jkf;ifAk; Chpy; ,Ue;jdh;. mf;fhyj;jpy; gy nghUshjhuf; f~;lq;fSf;Fk;> neUf;fbf;fSf;Fk;> kd cisr;ry;fSf;Fk; cs;shfpdh;. mjdhy; mth;fspd; gs;spf; fy;tp$l rpy fhyk;

jilg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld;> K.j. ,we;j gpwF K.ngh> Tf;F gy tifahd cly; Neha;fs; te;jd. ghpr;rakhdJk;> ghpr;rakw;wJkhd gy ngah;fisf; nfhz;l me;Neha;fisg; gw;wpAk; mtw;why; mth;; Jd;gg;gl;lijAk;> mtw;wpypUe;J mth; vg;gb tpLgl;lhh; vd;gijAk;> kuzj;jpd; thapypypUe;J vg;gb ve;jr; rf;jpahy; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lhh; vd;gijAk; mthpd; ehtyhd ‘NehapypUj;jy;’ tphpthfNt nrhy;fpd;wJ. mth; jg;gpg; gpioj;jJ Xh; mw;Gjk;.. Å

K.nghd;dk;gyj;jpw;Fk; mth; rNfhjuh; K.jisarpq;fj;jpw;Fk; ,Ue;j cwT mz;zd;-jk;gp cwTf;Fk; Nkw;gl;lnjhd;W. mth;fs; ,UtUk; Njhoh;fs;> ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,ul;ilah;> jj;Jtk;> tuyhW> ,yf;fpak;> Mj;kPfk;> murpay;> r%f Nrit Nghd;w ahtw;wpYNk xj;J ,aq;fpath;fs;. xUtUf;nfhUth; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jth;fs;. ghypay; gpur;rpidfs; njhlq;fp> gpw r%f> cyfg; gpur;rpidfs;tiu mz;zd; -jk;gp cwTfSf;F mg;ghy; me;epNahd;akhf> gu];guk; tpth jpj;jth;fs;. Mo;e;J tpthjpj;J jk; fUj;Jf;fis jpUj;jpAk; cah;j;jpAk; nfhz;lth;fs;. K.j. 1973 ,y; ,we;j gpwF gytifapYk; K.ngh. jdpj;Jg; Nghdhh;. Fwpg;ghf> ,yf;fpak;> jj;Jtk;> Mj;kPfj; jsj;jpYk;> jdpg;gl;l tho;f;ifj; jsj;jpYk;. Fwpg;ghf> mJtiu jpUkzk; Kbf;fhkNy ,Uf;f epidj;jpUe;j K.ngh. jd; 35 tJ tajpy; jpUkzk; Kbj;jNj K.j. ,we;J rpy Mz;Lfspd; gpd;dNu. K.ngh. gp.V. ,Wjp Mz;Ltiug; gbj;Jtpl;L> Njh;it vOjp mij Kbf;fhky;> r%fk;> ,yf;fpak;> Mj;kPfk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; KONeukhf ,aq;fg; NghfpNwd;; vd;W K.j.Tf;Fr; nrhd;dNghJ ‘mJ cd; tpUg;gk;’ vd;W mjw;Fk; gr;irf; nfhb fhl;bath;. cyfpay; QhdKk;> kdg;ghq;FKs;s NtW ahuhf ,Ue;jhYk; ‘mg;gbr; nra;ahNj> Njh;it vOjp rhd;wpjio> fhg;GWjpg; gj;jpuk;Nghyf; ifapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L> vjpYk; <LgL’ vd;W jhd; nrhy;ypapUg;gh;. mj;Jld; vk; aho;g;ghz kdk; mjw;F filrptiu cj;juT nfhLj;jpUf;fNt khl;lhJ. Mdhy;> K.j. jd; Mrphpaj; njhopiyNa ,yf;fpaj;jpw;fhf Jwf;fj; jahuhf ,Ue;jth;> NtW vg;gbg; gjpyspj;jpUg;ghh;? mj;Jld;> K.ngh.tpd; gp.V. fy;tpAk; Njh;T vOjhkNy Kw;Wg; ngw;wJ. Å

mtUila gj;jphpifj; Jiw mDgtk; 1970-71 ,y;

aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ‘rj;jpak;’ vd;w gj;jphpiff;F Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jJld; Muk;gpj;jJ. mr;rpW gj;jphpif Gq;FLjPtpy; ,aq;fpa rh;Nthjak;-rh;tkj rq;fk; Mfpatw;iwAk; <oj;J murpay;> ,yf;fpak; Mfpatw;iwAk; Gjpa jpirapy; newpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU Kaw;rpNa. mJ aho;gg ; hz efuj;jpy; ,aq;fpaJ. K.j. mjpy; murpay;> tuyhw;Wf; fl;Liufs; vOjpdhh;. ‘g+uzp’ rQ;rpif ntspaPl;bYk; K.ngh. gq;Fgw;wpAs;shh;. 1989 ij Kjy; 1990 itfhrp tiu aho;g;ghzj;jpyp Ue;J ntspte;j ‘jpir’ vd;w murpay;-r%f-fiy ,yf;fpa gj;jphpiff;F Mrphpauhfg; gzp Ghpe;jhh;. mg;gj;jphpif Gypfspd; xLf;FKiwf;F cl;glg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gjw;F Kd;dNu jd;id ,Oj;J %bf; nfhz;L jd; gj;jphpifr; Rje;jpuj;ijf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhz;lJ Cuwpe;j xd;W. Å

K.ngh.tpd; r%f Nrit rh;Nthja> rh;tkj rq;f mikg;Gf;fSld; Muk;gkhfpaJ.. mf;fhyj;jpy; (1967) K.j. ,uj;jpdGhpapypUe;J khw;wyhfp Gq;FLjPTf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;jhh;. K.ngh.Tk; Gq;FLjPTf;;Fr; nrd;whh;. mth;fSld; ,d;Dk; gy ,isQh;fs; Nrh;e;J nfhz;ldh;. mth;fspd; r%f> Mj;kPf nraw;ghLfs; Kjypy; Gq;FLjPtpy; Muk;gkhfpaJ. K.ngh. mjw;F cWJizahf ,Ue;jhh;. jho;;j;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; eyd;fspy; rh;Nthjak; <Lgl;lJ. K.ngh. mth;fSf;Ff; fy;tp fw;gpj;jhh;. mth;fspd; eyd;fspy;

gq;Fgw;wpdhh;. K.j. Tk; R.tp Ak; rj;jpahf;fpufk; nra;jNghJ> K.j. ,tiu ntspNaapUe;J mjd; Nehf;fk;> mJgw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;T> gj;jphpif Mfpatw;Wf;F mwpf;if tpLjy; Nghd;w gpur;rhuj;jpy; <Lgl epakpj;jhh;. ‘kf;fs; fil’ vd;w $l;LwT tpahghu ];jhgdj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa rh;Nthja mikg;G> mjw;Fg; nghWg;ghf K.ngh.it epakpj;jJ. mf;fil rpy Mz;Lfs; gaDs;s tifapy; mth; jiyikapy; ,aq;fpaJ. rh;Nthja murpay; mikg;G jPTg;gFjp ghuhSkd;w Njh;jypy; gq;Fgw;wp> rh;Nthjaj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fis kf;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;ypaJ. rh;Nthja fPjkhd ‘rh;Nthjak;> rh;Nthjak;> rfyjw;Fk; Rak; vnjd;W Nfl;Fk; jj;Jtk;’ vd;gij K.ngh.Nt ,aw;wpdhh;. kfhj;kh fhe;jp Ehw;whz;L tpoh (1969) Gq;FLjPT kfh tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; Ch; vOr;rpAld; eilngw;wJ. mij elj;jpaJ rh;Nthja ,af;fNk. mijf; nfhz;lhLtjpy; jPtpu gq;fhw;wpdhh;> K.ngh. K.ngh.tpd; Md;kPf Nrit> Md;kPfj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rh;t kj rq;fk; Clhf ,aq;fpaJ. mf;fpuhkj;jpy; Md;kPf tpopg;Gzh;it Nkk;gLj; Jtjw;fhf $l;Lg; gpuhh;j;jidfs;> jpahdq;fs;> tpthjq;fs;> fy;tp tl;lq;fs;> Mfpait xOq;F nra;agl;ld. jhd> jh;kq;fs; eilngw;wd. ,r;nray;fspy; gy K.j.tpd; kuzj;Jld; Klq;fpg; Nghapd. mjd; gpd;dh; K.ngh. Gq;FLjPT $l;LwTr; rq;fj;jpy; Ntiy ghh;j;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; $l;LwTr; rq;fj;ij Kd;Ndw;WtjpYk; cioj;jhh;. K.ngh. 1967 ,ypUe;J 2001 tiu njhlh;e;J jd; Nritfisg; Gq;FLjPtpy; nra;J nfhz;Nl te;jhh;. rh;tkj rq;f mYty;fspy; KONeu Copauhff; flikahw;wpdhh;. mNjNtis ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpAk; mg;NghJ ele;jJ. mJ Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wg;gl Ntz;baJ xd;W> jPTg; gFjpia ,uhZtk; Rw;wp tisj;Jf; ifg;gw;wp mjpy; epue;jukhf ,Ue;jJld;> mq;fpUe;jth;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; ,utp uthff; aho;g;ghzk; Nehf;fpr; nrd;wNghJ -1991 ,y;mf;fpuhkj;jpy; xU rpyUld; jd; FLk;gj;Jld; jq;fp> mth;fSf;F jd;dhyhd Nritfisr; nra;jth;fs; rpyhpy; mth; Kf;fpakhdth;. mf;fhy epfo;r;rpfs; rpytw;iw mtUila rpWfijahd ‘ifJ nra;ag;gl;l fpuhkk;’ (‘Kbe;JNghd jirahly; gw;wpa fij’ vd;w njhFjp gf;fk;> 117-161) vd;gjpy; nrhy;fpd;whh;. mf;fhyj;jpy; Chpy; Mrphpah; ,y;yhj Fiwiaf; fz;L mtUk; kfhtpj;jpahyaj;jpy; fy;tp fw;gpj;jhh;.

K.ngh. gy ftpQh;fis newpg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhh;. mjpy; ehDk; xUtd;. vd; ‘Nghh;g;ghl;L’ ftpijia fpof;fpyq;ifapypUe;J ntspte;j ‘ftpQd;’ vd;w rQ;rpiff;F mDg;gpdhh;. mJNt ehd; vOjpa ftpijfs; rpytw;wpy;> ntspte;j Kjy; ftpij. (1969) jh.,uhkypq;fk; vd; jkpo; Mrphpah;. mtiu 60 Muk;g fhyq;fspy; K.ngh.Tf;Fk; ‘vOj;J’ gj;jphpiff;Fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpNdd;. mjd; gpwNf> mth;> GJnka;f; ftpijfs; vOjpdhh;. mf;ftpijfis vOjf; Jhz;bajpYk; newpg;gLj;jpaYk; gq;fspj;jth; K.ngh. cau;ju tFg;G khztdhf K.j.tplk; fw;w R.tpy;tnuj;jpdk; kuGf; ftpijfs; gbg;gjpYk;> Njthuj; jpUKiwfisg; ghLtjpYNk Kjypy; Mh;tk; fhl;b te;jhh;. mtiuf; ftpijfs; vOjr; nra;jjpy; gytopfspYk; Jhz;LNfhyhf ,Ue;jth;> K.ngh. mj;Jld;> R.tp apd; Kjy; ftpijj; njhFg;Gf;F Kd;Diu mspj;J Cf;fg;gLj;jpatUk; mtNu. ,d;Dk; gy <oj;Jf; ftpQh;fSld; ciuahb ,Uf;fpwhh;. tpthjpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. tpkh;rdk; nra;Jk; vOjpAk; ,Uf;fpwhh;> Cf;Ftpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. 2 ,e;jg; gFjpapy; mtUila ftpijfis myryhk; vd;W mth; vOjpa ftpijfs; midj;ijAk; thrpj;jNghJ mij Fwpf;fg;gl;l kl;Lg;gLj;j ,g;gf;fq;fspy; vOj KbahJ vd;gij czh;e;J nfhz;Nld;. fhuzk;> mth; vOjpa ftpijfs; ehY njhFjpfshf ntspte;Js;sd. nkhj;jkhf> rpy EhW ftpijfs;. fhyp yPiyj; njhFjpapy; kl;Lk; ehY gph Tfs;. mtw;iw ehY Ehy;fshfg; gpuRhpj;jpUf;f KbAk;. kw;wf; ftpQh;fs; mg;gbr; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. mtUila r+j;jpuu; tUifapYs;s Jahp vd;w ftp ijAk; jdpf; fhtpakhfg; Nghlf; $banjhd;W. mjdhy; ,f;fl;Liu mtUila ftpijfis myRk; fl;Liu my;y vd;gijAk;> mjdhy; mthpd; ftpijfSf;F ehd; cz;ikahd epahak; nra;ag; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gijAk; gzpTld; ,q;Nf gjpe;J itf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;. Muk;gj;jpy; K.ngh. tpd; rpWfijfs;> ftpijfs; jPthd; vd;w Gidngahpy; Rje;jpud; gj;jphpifapy; ntspte;jd. (mit> mth; njhFj;j njhFjpfs; vjpYk; ntsptutpy;iy) K.ngh. tpd; Ehy;fspy; Fwpg;gplf; $bait> mJ

(ftpijfs;)> ajhh;j ; j ; Kk; Mj;khh;jj ; Kk; (fl;Liufs;)> flYk; fiuAk; (rpWfijfs;) Nehapy; ,Uj;jy; (ehty;)> jpwdha;T rhh;ej ; ghh;itfs; (tpkh;rdq;fs;)> nghwpapy; mfg;gl;l Njrk; (ftpij)> r+j;jpuh; tUif> (ftpijfs;)> tprhuk; (fl;Liufs;)> CQ;ry; MLNthk;> ePh;f;Nfhyk; (rpWth; Mf;fq;fs;)> tpyq;if tpl;nlOk; kdpjh;fs; (ftpijfs;)> Mq;fpyj;jpy; A country Entrapped (ftpijfs;) MFk;. Kjypy; kuGf; ftpijfs; vOjpath;> ‘vOj;J’ rQ;rpifapy; ‘kpd;dy;’ vd;w GJf;ftpij vOJfpd;whh;. gpd;dh; kuGf; ftpijfSk; GJf; ftpijfSk; vOjpdhh;. mthpd; kuGf; ftpijfshd kjpg;gL P > khh;fopf; Fkhp> fhyp yPiy Nghd;wit gyuhYk; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wit. mit Xir eaKk;> nrhy;yLf;Fk;> ftpij eaKk;> fw;gidAk; xUq;Nf tha;f;fg; ngw;wit. ‘kjpg;gPL’ ftpijia gy;fiyf; foff; ftp muq;;fpy; mth; ghlf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. mJ ftpQhpd; tho;f;ifapd; xU gFjpia epidg;g+l;bdhYk;> KOf;f KOf;f mtUila tho;tpd; gFjpay;y vd;gNj vd; mgpg;gpuhak;. Fwpg;ghf> Ntiy> jhapd; kuzk; vd;git. mthpd; cly;> cs> Md;kPf tsh;r;rpiaAk; ftp cs;sj;ijAk; mtw;Wf;NfAhpa Mo;e;j rpf;fy;fSld; njspthff; fhl;Lk; ftpij mJ. ‘mJ’ ftpijj; njhFjp ntspte;jNghJ mjw;F ftpQh; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;j tuNtw;Gf; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. KUifad; mJ gw;wp vOjpdhh;. k`hftp gyiuAk; thrpf;fr; nrhy;ypj; Jhz;bapUf;fpwhh;. (ehlff; fiyQh;> Nf.v];.ghyr;re;jpud; ,ijf; Fwpg;gpl;b Uf;fpwhh;.) ftpQh; Nrud; kjpg;gPL vd;w ftpijia ,UgJ> Kg;gJ jlitfSf;F Nkyhf jd; ,stajpy; thrpj;J kfpo;e;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;W Nkilapy; xUKiw nrhd;dhh;. mf;ftpij ghujpapd; RarhpijAld; xg;G Nehf;fj; jf;fJ. K.ngh.Tk; jd; Rarhpijapy; fy;tpapy; fhy; ,lwp tpOe;J vOk;gpaij ,g;gbr; nrhy;fpwhh;;. ‘gs;spapNy Mrphpah; Ngah cdf;fpq;F> fy;tp tuhJ fspkz;Nz %isnad md;dhh; jpUnkhopf;F mg;gOf;F NeuhJ..’ vd;fpwhh;. ‘mize;j neUg;gha; mtpo;e;j Fkpz; rphpg;gha;> fhw;wpy; fye;jntd; fhy;Ehw;W Mz;LfNs!| vd;Wk; njhlq;Fk; mf;ftpij ‘vq;Fk; miyfs; vwpAk; fly; eLNt .Nguwpah er;Rg; gpuz;il tpisfpd;w

,d;ndhU Kf;fpa epfo;r;rpAk; mg;NghJ ele;jJ. mJ Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $wg;gl Ntz;baJ xd;W> jPTg; gFjpia ,uhZtk; Rw;wp tisj;Jf; ifg;gw;wp mjpy; epue;jukhf ,Ue;jJld;> mq;fpUe;jth;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; ,utputhff; aho;g;ghzk; Nehf;fpr; nrd;wNghJ -1991 ,y;-mf;fpuhkj;jpy; xU rpyUld; jd; FLk;gj;Jld; jq;fp> mth;fSf;F jd;dhyhd Nritfisr; nra;jth;fs; rpyhpy; mth; Kf;fpakhdth;. Xh; jPtpy; te;Nj xJq;fpf; fplf;fpd;Nwd;...| ‘ePNuhL Kj;jk; epfo;j;Jk; mbthdpd; Xuj;Nj Mb xspUk; xURopg;gpy; jd;id ,dk;fz;L jhTk; kdg;NgL...| vd;Wk;> ‘fhjy; xbe;Jtpof; fhkk; jiyJhf;Fk; Nriyr; rurug;G rpd;d ,il> fhw;why; NknyoNt Mil mjDs; kpDq;Ffpw thioj; njhilfs; tapw;wpd; ,ilntspfs; MSf;Fs; vijNah mUl;btpl ....| vd;Wk; nrd;W> ‘vy;yhk; KbfpwJ> vq;Nfh neLe;njhiytpy; ky;yhe;Nj mk;kh kuzj; JizNahL nrhy;yhl> ehNdh RUz;L nfhOk;g+hpy;.. ,isa guk;giuapd; nry;td;...| vd;W njhlh;e;J> ‘VjhYk; ehtha; tUk; rpykd;? Jhuj;Nj me;jr; Ropg;gpd; xspahl;lk;..?| vd;W KbAk;. Å

mthpd; ‘khh;fopf; Fkhp’ vd;w ftpij mth; gy;fiyf; fof fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jNghJ vOjg; ngw;wJ. mf;ftpij vOjg;gl;ljd; gpd;dzp vdf;F ,d;Dk; Qhgfj;jpy; cz;L. mth; GJf;ftpij xd;iw vOjp ,sq;fjph; vd;w gy;fiy rQ;rpiff;Ff; nfhLj;jNghJ> mij thrpj;j jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah; xUtUf;F mf;ftpijapd; GJf; ftpij cUtk; rq;flj;ijf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. mjdhy; mJ jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mjidj; njhlh;e;J K.ngh. vOjpf; nfhLj;jNj khh;fopf; Fkhp vd;w ftpij. mij thrpj;j mg;NguhrphpaUf;F mJ gpbj;jJ kl;L ky;yhky; mijr; rpyhfpj;Jg; gyUf;Fk; fhl;bajhfTk; fij. mf;ftpijia R.tpy;tnuj;jpdk; Fuypy; ghlf; Nfl;gJ kpf mUikahd mDgtk;. ‘khh;fopf; Fkhp fhh;Kfr; nry;tp Ch;fsp nfhs;s cyhtU fpd;wha; gdpeid njd;wy; Kidglj; jsphpd; fdTfs; mjpUk;> fhjypd; ,Wf;fj; Njitfs; kyh;e;J Mirapy; eLq;fj; jhjpidj; js;Sk; fhh;Kfr; nry;tp Ch;fsp nfhs;s cyhtU fpd;wha;!| khh;fop khjj;ij fd;dpahf (personify) cUtfg;gLj;jp ,aw;ifiar; nrhy;Yk; ftpQh;> gpd; fhh;Kfr; nry;tpapd; Ciu th;zpf;fpwhh;. ‘Mopapd; miyfs; fPopOj; jlq;f Njhspdpy; Rke;j ghnahL fyq;fs; Ch;kid eLNt cwq;fpa thtp... ehiufs; fiuapy; ehl;ba jtKk; Njiufs; tuk;Gs; Njf;fpa FiuTk; rPnudf; nfhz;L khh;fopf; Nfhjha; Ch;fsp nfhs;s cyhtU fpd;wha;!’ khh;fop khjj;jpy; fpuhkj;jpy; fhZk; Nfhyq;fisAk;> Nfl;Fk; xypfisAk; $Wfpd;whh;. ‘tpsf;fpa Kw;w xspj;jiu kPjpy; gspr;nrdf; Nfhy ntspr;rq;fs; Jha> ghitah; ghLk; ‘ghitapd; fPjk;’ Myakzpapd; Xirapy; Njha... ikapUs; mfw;Wk; ijtop Nehf;fp khh;fopf; Fkhp fhh;Kfr; nry;tp Ch;fsp nfhs;s cyhtU fpd;wha;!’ vd;W ij khjk; Nehf;fpa khh;fop elg;gij> ‘kUq;F tz;L rpwe;jhh;g;g> kzpg;g+ Mil mJ Nghh;j;J> fUk; fay; fz; tpopj;J> xy;fp> ele;jha; thop fhNthp! vd;W ,sq;Nfh nrhy;tJNghyr; nrhy;fpwhh;> ftpQh; K.nghd;dk;gyk;. mthpd; ‘fhyp yPiy’ ftpij nra;As; eilapYk;>

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‘mJ’ njhFjpapy; gy mUikahd XireaKs;s ey;y ftpijfis vOjpa K.ngh. tpd; ,uz;lhtJ njhFjp ‘tpyq;Ffis tpl;nlOk; kdpjh;fs;;.’ (1989) mf;ftpijfspy; gy Gjpa cUtj;ij vLj;jit> jkpoPoj;ij tuNtw;git. mg;gb ,Ue;jNghjpYk; vdf;Fg; gpbj;j rpy rpy thpfs; mtw;wpy; ,y;yhky; ,y;iy. nfhy;Yk; nfhiyfsj;Jk; ek;Ks;Ns $h;g;gtNs vy;iy fle;j ,dpahNs vk; ehl;bd; vy;iyf; fuzha; ,Uf;f ,ire;jtNs cd;idf; fle;Nj xUth; Eioe;Js;Ns vk;ik mZfNth? ,q;fbik nfhs;sNth? fhypNa> ePypNa> fhl;lhidr Nridapid g+spg;gLj;jpNa g+ntd;W CjhNah? jhNa tpLjiyNa> jh;k KbAilaha; cd;id tOj;jpNa cr;rhpj;J ke;jphpj;njk; Njrf; nfhbkuj;jpy; Vw;wp rpuq;ftpo;e;Njhk; tPrp vOfNt epd; ntw;wpg; ngUkhl;rp Gul;rpf;F tpj;Nj> vy;yhj; jdpaurpd; jpul;rpf;Fk; fhyhd nja;tj; jpfo;Nt tpopNa> mwk;tsh;f;Fk; nrq;Nfhy; tpupFilNa xspNa> ekjhd;k cs;Szh;T fhl;Lk; ntspNa> tpLjiyNa> Nghw;wp! cld; vOf!.. Å

mthpd; ‘fhyp yPiy’ njhFg;gpy; jd; ftpijfis 6070> 70-80> 80-90> 90-2000 vd;W ehY gphpTf;Fs; mlf;Ffpwhh;. mit mf;fhy fl;lq;fspy; vOjg;

ngw;w ftpijfshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; gFjp mth; 68 ntspapl;l ‘mJ’ njhFjpf; ftpijfs;. mit ,d;Wk; rpwg;ghditfshfNt cs;sd. 70-80 ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gFjpapy; vOjg; ngw;wtw;wpy; mjpfkhdit> GJf; ftpij tifikf;Fs; mlf;ff; $bad. jhprdk;> gpiwnahU fhyk; KO epythFk;> gpugQ;rf; Fk;kp Nghd;wit mUikahd ftpijfs;. ‘r+j;jpuh; tUif’ vd;w mtuJ %d;whtJ ftpijj; njhFjpapy; cs;s ‘Jahp’ vd;w ePz;l ftpij> fhyp yPiy vd;w ftpijAld; xg;G Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. mjpy; Xh; ,lj;jpy; mfjp Kfhk;fs;gw;wp tpghpf;fpwhh;. Nky; ehl;bYs;sitay;y. <oj;jpy; cs;s cz;ikahdit. ‘fhiyf; fjph;fs; epye;njhl Kd;dNu mfjp Kfhk; mkh;f;fsg;gl;lJ Foe;ijfs; mOjd mth; %f;fpy; tope;j rspfSk; $lNt NkYk; fPOk; Ngha; te;jOjd %j;jpuk; Cwpa fe;jy; mOjd mtw;wpdpilNa miuf; Fz;b njhpa fple;J r+k;gpa tapWfs; mOjd... <f;fs; gwe;J %f;Ffs; tha;fs; Njbf; Fe;jpd Kfhkpd; Kw;wj;jpy; nfhl;lhtp tpl;Nlhuha; Jhuntspiaj; Johtpj; Johtp jkf;Fs; VNjh muw;wpd fpoq;fs;...| K.ngh. tpd; ftpj;Jtk; ‘Jahp’ vd;w ePz;l ftpij apy; - mij xU fhtpakhff;$lf; fzpf;f KbAk;. tphpj;Jg; nghUSiuf;ff; $ba ftpij. ghujpapd; Fapy; ghl;L Nghy- Md;kPf Kfj;JlDk; ajhh;j; jj;JlDk; mofhf ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ. cz;ikapy; mthpd; ePz;l ftpijfs; kdijg; gpzpg;gdthf cs;sd. mjd; re;jKk;> kughh;ej ; nra;As;; jd;ikAk; mjw;F xU fhuzk; vdyhk;. mj;Jld; Ngr;NrhirAk; md;whl nrhw;fs;> nrhw; $l;lq;fs;> ciuahly;fs; Nghd;wit nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; te;J tpOtJk; Njdpy; fye;j ghy; Nghy ,Uf;Fk;. mthpd; ,d;ndhU ePz;l ftpijahd ‘nghwpapy; mfg;gl;l Njrk;’ mnkhpf;fhtpd; ,ul;ilf; NfhGur; rhptpw;fhd fhuzj;ij Rl;Lfpd;wJ. gyUk; mr;rhp tpw;fhd fhuzj;ij vOjpAs;sdh;. Mdhy; K.ngh. mnkhpf;fhtpd; tPo;r;rpia ,ul;ilf; NfhGuj;Jld; ,izf;fpwhh;. mnkhpf;f Vfhjpgj;jpaj;ijAk; mij eph;zapf;Fk; mur fUtpfisAk;> Kjyhspj;Jt mikg;igAk;> mnkhpf;f kf;fisAk; xd;whf rkd;gLj;j Kad;wpUf;fpwhh;. mj;Jld; mjw;fhd fhuzk;> mnkhpf;fh ,Jtiu nra;j fh;k tpid vd;W Kbj;jhy;> <oj;; jkpoh; ehw;gjpdhapuk; Ngh; Ks;sptha;f;fhypy; GijAz;L Nghdjw;F mth;fs; nra;j fh;k tpidah fhuzk;? nghwpapy; mfg;gl;lJ

njhlh;e;J vOjptUk; ftpQUf;F> Ik;gJ tUlq;fspy; mth; ngw;w mDgtk; ,yf;fpa cUt> cs;slf;f tuyhw;wpy; nghpjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; xU ftpQhpd; ftpijfs; ,Wjpapy; Mj;kPfj; jsj;ij vl;b tpLtJk;> cUtj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; eilngWtJk; Mo;e;j mt;tDgtj;jhy; fpilj;j ngWNgWfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk;. mJNt K.ngh.Tf;Fk; ele;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpoh; nra;j fh;ktpid vd;W ftpij vOjyhkh? ,q;Nf fh;ktpidf; Nfhl;ghL gpur;rpidf;FhpajhfpwJ. nghwpapy; mfg;gl;l Njrk; vd;w ftpijia A Country Entrapped vd;w jiyg;gpy; V.N[. fdful;dh Mq;fpy nkhopahf;fk; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;. mj;Jld; K.ngh.Nt Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa ,d;ndhU ePz;l ftpij A Song of a Liberated Zone. mJTk; mj;njhFjpapy; ntspte;Js;sJ. mj;njhFjpiag; gw;wp Mq;fpy ,lJrhhp tpkh;rfuhd nuwp <fps;ld;> thrpg;gDtj;ij Ez;zakhd> ,ay;ngOr;rp ftpij vd;fpwhh;. fWg;gpirf; ftpQh; ngQ;rkpd; nr/g;idah> ,f;ftpij kw;wth;fs; ghh;f;fhj Gjpa Nfhzj;jpypU e;J ,ul;ilf; NfhGu tPo;r;rpia kw;wtw;Wld; njhlh;GgLj;jpg; g+uzkhfg; ghh;f;fpwJ vd;Wk;> fyhrhuk;> rkak; Mfpatw;iwAk; njhLj;Jg; ghh;j;J Kf;fpa Nfs;tpfisAk; vOg;GfpwJ vd;Wk; nrhy;fpwhh;. K.ngh. ftpijapy; cUtg; ghpNrhjidfis fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;. Kjypy; kuGf;

ftpijAld; Muk;gpj;j mth;> GJf;ftpij tbtj;ijAk; gpd;dh; ,sfpa nka;As; tbtj;ijAk; ifahz;bUf;fpwhh;. gpd;dh; %d;iwANk fye;Jk; ftpij gilj;Js;shh;. nkhj;jkhf mthpd; ftpijfis thrpf;Fk; xUth; mthpd; Xir eak; kpf;f kuGf; ftpijfisNa rpwe;jit vd;W fzpg;gh;.

ahj;jpiufs;> mthpd; xJq;fpapUj;jy;; mNjNtis vy;yhtw;iwAk; ftdj;jpy; vLj;jy;> cyfpay; epfo;Tfs;> jd; FLk;gj;ij tpl;Lg; gphpe;jpUj;jy;> mJ mth; epidTfspy; te;J nry;Yjy; Mfpatw; iwf; fhl;Lk;> gpujpgypf;Fk; xU r%fg; glg;gpbg;G ,e;j ehtypd; Kjy; ghfk;.

K.ngh. jd; ftpijfspy; ,e;jpa a+Nlh-fpNuf;f Guhz> ,jpfhrf; fijfis Njitahd ,lq;fspy; vLj;jhSfpd;whh;. mfj;jpahpypUe;J mfypifa+lhf> Gnwhkpj;jpa]; tiu. mit mthpd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F jh;f;f gyj;ijAk; jhh;kPf mbg;gilfisAk; nfhLf; fpd;wd.

kapypl;bf; fpuhkk; flw;fiuNahuj;jpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; xU kPd;gpbf; fpuhkKk; MFk;. jkpoPo ,af;fj;jpdh;> mf;flw;fiuia ,e;jpahTf;Fg; Ngha; tUk; flw;fiu ahfTk; ghtpj;jth;fs;. mjdhy; mt;tplk; ,yq;iff; flw;gil> ,uhZtk; Mfpatw;wpd; mlf;FKiwf;Fk; Fz;L tPr;Rf;Fk; ,iuahd ,lk;. ,e;ehtypd; gpd;dzpapy; mt;tplj;jpy; Ngha; tUk; ,uhZt> flw;gil thfdq;fSk;> flypy; ,Ue;J fiuNahuq; fspypUe;j kPdth; Fbirfspd; Nky; NghLk; Fz;LfSk; ,ilf;fpil te;J Nghfpd;wd. mf;fhyk; xg;gPl;lstpy; ,af;fKk;> ,uhZtKk; nghpjhf Xbj; jphpe;j fhyk; my;y. ,af;f eltbf;iffs; njhlq;fpa fhyk;. ,Wjpapy; ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpd; fijia ,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpNyNa Kbf;fpd;whh;.

‘mJ’ njhFjpf;F K.jisarpq;fk; vOjpa Kd;Diu apy;> ‘... jd;id tphpj;J vy;yhtw;wpYk; jd;idg; ghh;f;Fk; Xh; Qhdg; ghh;it mtUilajhfj; njhpfp wJ.’ ,e;j Qhdg;ghh;itiaj; jhd; K.ngh. gpd;dh; Mj;khh;j;jk; vd;W mbf;fb $Wfpwhh; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;. njhlh;eJ ; vOjptUk; ftpQUf;F> Ik;gJ tUlq;fspy; mth; ngw;w mDgtk; ,yf;fpa cUt> cs;slf;f tuyhw;wpy; nghpjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjdhy; xU ftpQhpd; ftpijfs; ,Wjpapy; Mj;kPfj; jsj;ij vl;b tpLtJk;> cUtj;jpy; khw;wq;fs; eilngWtJk; Mo;e;j mt;tDgtj;jhy; fpilj;j ngWNgWfs; vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk;. mJNt K.ngh.Tf;Fk; ele;jpUf; fpwJ. gyh; ftpijfspy; fiuapy; epd;W ‘mijAk; ,ijAk;’ vOjpg; ghpNrhjidfs; nra;J gaj;Jld; ePej ; pf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; Mog; Ngha;; Kj;ij vLj;J tUfpwhh; K.ngh. Å

NehapypUj;jy; ehty; ,uz;L ghfq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. Kjyhk; ghfk; 1984 Mz;L ,Wjpapy; kapypl;bf; fpuhkj;jpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; fhrNeha; M];gj;jphpapy; mth; fhrNeha;f;Fr; rpfpr;ir vLj;j gpd;dzpiaf; nfhz;lJ. mf; fhr Neha; M];gj;jphp –rdNuhwpak;aho;g;ghzj;jpy; fhr Neha;f;fhuh; jq;fpr; rpfpr;ir ngw;W MNuhf;fpakhfp tUk; xNu ,lk;. mt;tplj;jpy; mth; %d;W khjk; jq;fpapUf;fpwhh;. mq;F eilngWk; md;whl epfo;r;rpfs;> Mrphpahpd; cs;kd Mj;kPf

,uz;lhk; ghfk; 1987 ,y; eilngWfpwJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,af;fq;fs; gy tsh;ej ; J kl;Lky;yhky; ,yq;if-,e;jpa xg;ge;jk; mKyhfp> gpd;dh; ,e;jpag; gilfSf;Fk; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpdUf;Fk; eilngw;w Aj;jk; Muk;gkhfp Kw;wp tpl;lJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; ,th; aho;g;ghz M];gj;jphpapy; rpfpr;irf;fhfj; jq;fpapUf;fpwhh;. mth; nghyp epAw;iw];-poly neuritis,d; ghjpg;ghy>; gLf;ifapy; fplf;fpwhh;. mq;Fk; mthpd; kdk; Mj;kPf myry;fspy; <LgLfpd;wJ. mNjNtis fijAk; rpwpJ Ntfk; nfhs;fpd;wJ. Kjyhk; ghfj;jpYk; ghh;f;f. filrpapy; mth; fple;j M];gj;jhpf;Nf mk;Nkhjy; te;J Nrh;e;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; M];gj;jphpf;Fs; Eioe;J gyiuAk; nfhd;wJ. VNjh Xh; mUl;Lzh;tpy; mJ elf;ftpUe;j md;W gfNy tYf; fl;lhakhf> nlhf;uhpd; myl;rpaj;ijAk; nghUl;gL j;jhJ> jd;id ‘Jz;L ntl;b tpl Ntz;Lk;’ vd;W tplhg;gpbahf epd;W tPL Nghfpwhh;. md;wpuT M];gj;;jphpf;Fs; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; GFe;J ml;lfhrk; nra;fpd;wdh;. gyh; ,wf;fpd;wdh;. gyh; fhag;gL fpd;wdh;. ,th; gfNy Nghdgbapdhy; jg;gpg; gpiof;; fpwhh;. vg;gb mJ ele;jJ? mJ mw;Gjk; vdyhkh? my;yJ ,th; ek;Gk; ,iwaUs; fhg;ghw;wpajh? ,uz;lhtijNa ek;Gfpwhh; K.ngh. ,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; K.j. tpd; Mj;kf P nraw;ghLfSk; mth; ,we;j filrpj; jUzKk; mtUld; K.ngh. elj;jpa rk;gh~izfSk; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. NehapypUj;jy;

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fhuzq;fshy; ngWkjp tha;e;jJ. vz;gJfSf;Fg; gpwF Vw;gl;l <oj;Jr; rkfhy r%f> murpay;> ,af;f> ,yq;if> ,e;jpa ,uhZt eltbf;ifisg; gw;wpg; NgRk; ehty; vd;gjhy; mJ mjpfk; Ngrg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; Ngrg;gltpy;iy. fhuzq;fs; rpyTs. mthpd; Mj;kPf tprhuiz msTf;fjpfkhd gf;fq;fis vLg;gjhy; ehtypd; Kjy; gf;fq;fspy; mYg;Gk; njha;Tk;> ,ilntspfSk; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ehtNyh> rpWfijNah vLj;jvLg;gpNyNa thrfidf; ftu Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtw;wpd; mbg;gilj; jd;ik. mij mth; ftdj;jpy; vLf;ftpy;iy. cz;ikapy;> ehtypy; mg;gFjp RUf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy;> my;yJ gjpg; gpj;Njhh;> Mrphpaj;Jtk; nra;jpUe;jhy; me;ehty; ,d;Dk; $Ljyhfg; Ngrg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ehtypYs;s fjhehafdpd; Neha; kl;Lky;y> vq;fs; Njrj;jpd; Neha;> jdp kdpjdpd; Mj;kPf Neha; Mfpatw;wpd; FwpaPlhfNt ngUksT mJ fzpf;fTk; gl;bUf;Fk;. u~;a ehtyhrphpauhd mnyf;rhd;lh; nrhy; nrdP];hPdpd; ‘fhd;rh; thl;’ u~;a r%fj;ijg; NgRtijg; Nghy> ,JTk; jw;fhy ,yq;ifr; r%f> murpaiyg; NgrpapUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; K.ngh.tpd; Nehf;fk; jdJ jdpg;gl;l Mj;kPf tsh;r;rpiag; NgRtijNa fUj;jhff; nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghy; ,Ue;jjhy;> me;ehty; mt;tifapy; r%f> murpay; Kf;fpaj; Jtj;ij ,oe;J tpl;bUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,yf;fpa thrfh;fs;> r%ftpayhsh;fs;> tuyhw;whrphpah;fs;> ,yf;fpaj;jpDhlhf 1980 f;Fk; 2000 f;Fk; ,ilgl;l <oj;J murpaiy> r%fj;ij Nehf;Fgth;fSf;F ,jpy; mhpa jfty;fs; fpilf;Fk;. ,e;ehtypy; rpy jfty; gpiofisAk; rpy Kuz; ghLfisAk; jtph;j;jpUf;fyhk;. cjhuzk;> lr;Rf; fhy rq;fpypad;> Co;tpidiag;; Gwf;fzpf;Fk; Mrphpah; fh;kh cz;nld;fpwhh;. fh;khTk; Co;tpidAk; xd;wy; yth? ,e;ehty; GidT vd;gjpYk; ghh;f;f nka;As;> mjhtJ ele;jtw;iwf; $Wk; cz;ikf; fij vdyhk;. Mdhy; ,thpd; kdk; gw;wpa Ma;T gyNtisfspy; msT fle;J Ngha; thrfid rypg;gilar; nra;tjhy; mJ tPhpak; ,oe;Jk; tpLfpwJ. gytPdkhd ehtyhfTk; khwp tpLfpwJ. Å

‘flYk; fiuAk;’ rpWfijj; njhFg;gpYs;s ‘miu ehs; nghOJ’ rpWfij (1964) xU ,Ug;gpay;thjf; fijahfTk;> Kjyhspj;Jtj;Jf;F vjpuhd Xh; mUikahd fijahfTk; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpy; tUk; fhkpdp> fijnrhy;yp Mfpath;fspd; elj;ijfs;> Ez;zpa ftdpg;Gf;fs; ,Ug;gpay; rhh;ej ; itfs;. mth;fs; ,UtUk; Gwj;jpahd; ufj;ijr;

Nrh;e;jth;fs;. rhjhuz xOf;fq;fisf; fle;jth;fs;. ,Wjpahf mth;fs; N`hl;lypy; ,Ue;J ntspNa tUk;NghJ ntapy; fha;fpwJ. mJ fr;rpjkhf mike;j KbT. K.ngh.tpd; rpWfijfspNyNa vdf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd fijAk; mJNt. mJ kpfr; rpwpa fijahf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;. ,f;fijia V.N[.fdf ul;dh Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jpUf;fpwhh;.

Neha;fs; gy jhf;fpaNghJk;> jdpgg; l;l ,og;Gf;fs; Kf;fpakhf K.j.tpd; kuzk;> je;ijapd; kuzk;> epue;ju tUkhdk; ,y;yhik> epue;juj; njhopy; ,y;yhik> tWik> epue;ju ,lkpyy ; hj miyr;ry;> Mj;kf P j;jpy; fhyj;jpwF ; fhyk; Vw;gl;l eprr ; akpdi ; k> cwtpdh;fSld; cz;lhfpa rpff ; y;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J tpLgl;L jhq;fp epdw; jw;F mthpd; Mj;kf P ek;gpfi ; fahy; Vw;gl;l jd;dk;gpfi ; fNa fhuzk; ‘jtk;’ vd;w rpWfij 1968 ,y; vOjg; ngw;W ‘Afk;’ vd;w njhFjpapy; ntspte;jJ. mJ K.ngh.tpd; Mj;khh;j;jf; fijf;F ey;y cjhuzk. msthf> fr;rpjkhf rpWfij tbtj;jpw;Fs; mlq;fpa fij mJ ‘fzq;fis tpOq;fpa Afq;fs;’ (1989) mJ ,e;jpa rkhjhdg; gil ,yq;ifapypUe;j fhyk;. GypfSf;nfjpuhd khw;W ,af;fq;fs; jq;fs; gopj;jPh;g;ig elj;jpf; fhl;ba fhyk;. mjpy; kh];uh; vd;gth; khw;W ,af;fj;jpd; iffspy; g];]py; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhs;fpwhh;. ,e;j kh];uh; GypfSf;Fr; rhh;ghfg; gpur;rhuk; nra;jth; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

me;j kh];uhpd; gPjpia> mr;rj;ij> gaj;ij kpfj; njspthf mtw;wpd; rfy mtyl;rz Kfq;fSlDk; K.ngh.rpj;jphpf;fpwhh;. khw;W ,af;fg; ‘nghbad;fspd;’ elj;ijfs;> ntUl;ly;fs;> mth;fs; ,sk; ngz;; xUj;jpapy; fhl;Lk; ‘fz;’ $j;Jf;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; msNthL mq;nfhd;W ,q;nfhd;whff; fhl;bf; fijia efh;j;jpapUf;fpwhh;. ,e;jf; fijAk; mthpd; rpwe;j fijfspy; xd;W vd;Ngd;.

Ehy;fspd; Kd;Diufs;> kw;wth;fSf;F mspj;j Kd;Diufs; Mfpatw;wpy; mthpd; ftpijapay; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. ftpij vd;why; vd;d? ftpijapd; vjph;fhyk;> ,d;W GJf; ftpijapd; epiy vd;d? nrhw;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gw;wp tphpthfr; rpe;jpj;J vOjpAs;shh;. ‘tpyq;if tpl;nlOk; ftpij’ njhFjp Kd;Diu mthpd; tpkh;rdf; nfhs;ifia vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ.

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Kuz;gl;Lk; cld;gl;Lk; K.ngh. njhlh;ghf...

m.NaRuhrh

nghd;dk;gyj;Jldhd vdJ Kjw; njhlh;G Kuz;ghl;LlNdNa Vw;;gl;lJ. 1970 ,d; gpw;gFjpnfhOk;gpy; Gwf;Nfhl;il jghw; je;jpg; gapw;;rpg; ghlrhiyapy; gapd;Wnfhz;bUe;Njd;. xUehs;> ,uz;Nlh %d;W ‘rj;jpak;’ khjg; gj;jphpifg; gpujpfs; jghypy; te;Jfpilj;jd. rh;tkj rq;fk; - rh;Nthja ,af;fj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;ljhd mg;gj;jphpifia> K.ngh. aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J elj;jpf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. K.ngh.Tld; mwpKfkhfpapUe;j ez;gd; K. G~;guh[d; vdJ Kfthpiaf; nfhLj;jjpy; mit vdf;F mDg;gg;gl;ljha;g; gpd;dh; mwpe;Njd;. jkpouRf; fl;rpiaj; jhf;fpAk;> Nrhrypr ehl;lj;Jld; rpwPyq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rp murhq;fj;Jf;Fr; rhh;ghfTk; gy tplaq;fs; mjpy; ,Ue;jd. mtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;L> ‘xU rpq;fsj; Njrpa Kjyhspj;Jtf; fl;;rpia Mjhpg;gJ vt;tpjk; rhpahFk;?’ vd K.ngh.tpw;Ff; fbjk; Nghl;Nld;.; mth; rw;Wf; fpz;lYld; fhukhf mQ;ryl;il vOjp dhh;; ehd; gjpNyJk; vOjtpy;iy. gpd;dh; ‘ky;ypif’> ‘g+uzp’ ,jo;fspYk; NtW gj;jphpiffspYk; ntspte;j mtuJ ,yf;fpaf; fl;Liufs;> ftpijfisg; gbg;gjpy; <LghL Vw;;gl;lJ. xU jlit K. G~;guh[Dld; Gq;FLjPTf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;Njd;; K.jisarpq;fj;ijf; fz;l xNunahU re;jh;g;gKk; mJNtjhd;. gpd;dh; K.ngh.> R.tpy;tuj;jpdk; MfpNahUlndy;yhk; neUf;fk; Vw;;gl;lJ. gy jlit mq;F nrd;W te;Js;Nsd;. 1975 ijkhjk; vdJ ‘njhiyTk; ,Ug;Gk; Vida fijfSk;’ rpWfijj; ;njhFg;G ntspaPL ehd; gbj;j vdJ}h;r; rpwpa ghlrhiyapy; ele;jNghJ K.ngh. jiyikjhq;fpdhh;. MapDk;> Kuz;ghLk; cld;ghLfSk; gpize;jjhfNt ,d;Wtiu mtUldhd njhlh;G ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. 0 0 0 mWgJfspd; eLg;gFjpapypUe;J njhlq;fp vOgJfspy; jPtputhrfdhf khwpf;nfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fspy;> K.ngh.tpd; fl;Liufs;> vjph;tpidfs; vd;idf; fth;e;jd. ;n]d; ngsj;jKk; `ha;f;F ftpijfSk;’> ‘ftp ijapy; Vd; ehlfk; vOj Ntz;Lk;?’> ‘%d;W jj;Jt Nehf;FfSk; cz;ikAk;’> ‘,yf;fpa Coy;fs;’ E}y; gw;wpa tpkh;rdk; vd;gdnty;yhk; mt;thW thrpj;jitNa. mtuJ gue;j jkpo; - Mq;fpy ,yf;fpa mwpT> nka;apay; <LghL> $h;ikahd tpkh;rd Nehf;Fk; ,uridAk; fye;jjha; - jh;f;fhPjpapy; gilg;Gj;jpwDld; ntspg;gLk;; mJ ntspr;rj;ijAk; re;Njh~j;ijAk; jUtJ. ‘ajhh;j;jKk; Mj;khh;j;jKk;’ E}y; ,jw;F cjhuzkha; epw;fpwJ. gilg;Gj;jpwd; ntspg;gLk; ,j;jifa fl;Liufis rz;Kfk; rptypq;fk;> E/khd;> KUifad;> ntq;fl;> rhkpehjd; KjypNahhplKk; fhz ,aYk;; tpkh;rfh;fshff; nfhzlhlg;gLk; Ma;thsh;fshd ifyhrgjp> rptjk;gp Nghd;NwhUlk; ,ijf; fhz;gjhpJ! ‘miy’ ,jopYk; K.ngh. tpd; Kf;fpa fl;Liufs; gytw;iw ntspapl;Nlhk.; 0 0 0

mWgJfspd; Kf;fpa ftpQh;fspy; xUtuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;; ftpauq;fq;fspYk; gpufhrpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ‘ftpQd;’ ,jopy; (gq;Fdp-1970) ntspte;j ‘kjpg;gPL’ vd;Dk; ePz;l ftpij mg;NghJ vd;id kpff; fth;e;jJ. ‘khh;fopf; Fkhp’ ftpijAk; mt;thNw;; ,f;ftpijia R.tp.apd; Fuypy; ghlf; Nfl;gJ gutre; jUk; mDgtk.; r%f> murpay;> Md;kPfj; js mDgtq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jgit mtuJ ftpijfs.; vz;gJfspypUe;J $h;ikaw;w jkpo;j; Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpid - mur xLf;FKiw> Nghuhl;lk; rhh;eJ ; Vuhskhd jdpf;ftpijfisAk; ePzl ; ftpijfisAk; vOjpapUf;fpwhh;. ‘Mj;khh;j;jk;’> ‘nka;As;’ vd;w Nfhl;;ghl;L epiyrhh;e;J ntspg;ghL nfhz;lit mit. gyKk; gytPdKk; mtw;wpy; gutpapUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. vdpDk;> mtUf;NfAhpa jdp milah sj;ij mit nfhz;Ls;sd vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;Nlahf Ntz;Lk;. 0 0 0 ey;y ftpQh;fs; ey;y rpWfijfis vOj KbAnkd;W nrhy;yg;g LtJz;L. K.ngh.tpd; ,uz;L rpWfij E}y;fs; ntspahfpAs;sd. ey;y rpWfijfs; gytw;iw mtw;wpy; fhzyhk; vdpDk>; ‘miuehs;; nghOJ’> ‘Afq;fis tpOq;fpa fzq;fs;’> ‘ifJ nra;ag;gl;l fpuhkk;’ Kjypad Kf;fpakhditaha;g; gLfpd;wd. Afq;fis tpOq;fpa fzq;fs; fijapy; nrhy;yg;gLtJ> mth; rk;ge;jg; gl;l caph; mr;rk; R+o;e;j cz;ik epfo;T. mJ epfo;e;j kWehs; ‘jpir‘mYtyfj;jpy; mJgw;wp vdf;Fr; nrhy;ypAs;shh;. 0 0 0 ‘epA+ <uh gjpg;gfj;jpdh;’ ‘jpir’ thu ntspaPl;ilf; nfhz;Ltu KbT nra;J> Mrphpauhf ahiu epakpg;gJ vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;f jkJ eph;thf rigiaf; $l;b MNyhrpj;jdh; K.ngh.tpd; ngaUk; Mrphpah; gjtp;f;F Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. mf;$l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;l V. N;[. fdfuj;jpdh> ‘aho;g;ghzj;jpd; Kf;fpa Gj;jp[Ptpfspy; xUth;; ftpQh; - tpkh;rfh; vd K.ngh. Tf;Fr;; rhh;ghff; fUj;Jj; njhptpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. M.rghuj;jpdk; kh];uh; Nghd;W kw;iwath;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljpy; K.ngh. Mrphpauhfj; NjHT nra;ag;gl;lhH. xUehs; K.ngh. irf;fpspy; vdJ tPl;Lf;F te;jhH. vdJ tPl;Lf;F mtH te;jNj me;j xU jlitjhd;! jd;id ‘jpir’ thu ntspaPl;Lf;F Mrpup auhf epakpj;jpUg;gjhff; $wptpl;L> ‘ePjhd; vdf;F m]p];ud;w.; ntspf;fpl;L th> gzpg;ghsUf;F cd;id mwpKfg;gLj;j NtZk;’ vd;whH. gj;jpupif njhlHghfr; rpytw;iw tprhupj;Jtpl;L> mtUld; nrd;W Jiz Mrpupauhfg; nghWg;Ngw;Nwd;. K.ngh.tpd; fUj;JepiyAld; cld;ghLk; cwT njhlHgpy; vd;id tplTk; neUf;fKk; nfhz;bUe;j NtW ,yf;fpaf;fhuH ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> fUj;J

36 epiyapy; Kuz;gLk; vd;id Vd; mtH njupe;jhH vd;gJ md;W njspthfj; njupatpy;iy. Vnddpy;> ‘nka;As;’ Nfhl;ghl;Lld; cld;ghby;yhjtd;. flTs; ek;gpf;ifAkw;wtd; ehd;! xUNtis> cs;SzHtpd; mbg;gilapy; me;j KbTf;F mtH te;;jpUf;ff;$Lk; vd;W ,d;W Njhd;WfpwJ. ‘jpir’ aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ntspte;j fhyk; (1989 ij - 1990 itfhrp ) kpfTk; neUf;fbahd fhyk;. ,e;jpa ‘mikjpg;gil’apdJk;> mjDld; NrHe;jpaq; fpa jkpo; MAjf; FOf;fspdJk; nfLgpbfs; cr;rj;jpypUe;j #oy;. ‘epA+ <uh epWtdNkh’ jkpo;j; Njrpa czHtw;w - Mq;fpy Nkhfq;nfhz;l ‘ngd;rdp aH’fspd; Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;jJ. gj;jpupifahsH rpyUk; vOj;jhsH rpyUk; gzpg;ghsiur; re;jpj;J> ‘rhe;jkhf’ vkf;nfjpuhff; fUj;Njw;wk; nra;aTk; Kide;jdH. mtUk; xU jlit vk;kplk; ‘A+ M iww;wH]; nehl; N[zyp];w;’ vd;W mijg; gpujpgypj;jhH! Mdhy; V.N[.fdf uj;jpdh> jpU> gj;kehg IaH Nghd;Nwhupd; xj;Jiog;Gld; - jdJ rhkHj;jpaj;jpd; gyj;jpy;> jilfs;jhz;bj; ‘jpir’ia ntw;wpfukhd - gyUk; tpUk;gpg; gbj;j - Kd;Djhuzkw;w gj;jpupifahf K.ngh. elj;jpf; fhl;bdhH. fyhrhug; gf;fq;fNs (ehd;F) Kjypy; vdf;Fj; jug;gl;lit. gpd;dH NtW rpy gFjpfspd; nghWg;igAk; je;jhH. mtupd; vt;tpj jiyaPLkw;W ‘Mdhy; Njitahd xj;Jiog;igg; ngw;W’ Rje;jpukhf Ntiy nra;j> kdepiwitj; je;j ehs;fs; mit. 0 0 0 K.ngh.Tld; Kuz;gLtdtw;iwAk; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. k`hftpAk; v];.ngh.Tk; <oj;Jg; gilg;G yfpy; Kf;fpa MSikfs;. Mdhy;> ‘ Mj;khHj;jk;’ vd;w fUj;J epiyiag; gpuNahfpj;J K.ngh. ,tHfSf;F caupa ,lk; toq;Ftjpy;iy Fiwj;Nj kjpg;gpLfpwhH. ‘flTs; ,Uf;fpwhH vd;gij czHjy; %yk;> mjhtJ flTs; ,Uf;fpwhH vd;gij czHe;J mtNd vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; fhuzd; vd;gij mwpe;J ekJ tho;f;ifiaNa mHg;gzpj;J tho;tJ’ vd;gJtho;it - vy;yhr; nray;fisANk fiyahf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;gtH K.ngh. (‘ajhHj;jKk; Mj;khHj;jKk;’) flTs; kWg;Gthjpfsha; k`hftpAk; v];.ngh.Tk; ,Ug;gjhdJ> mtHfisg;gw;wpa K.ngh.tpd; kjpg;gPLfspy; ‘FWf;fPL’ nra;fpwNjhntd;w Iak; vdf;F cz;L. NkYk;> cld;ghlhd fUj;ij (cs;slf;fj;ij) ntspg;gLj;Jk; gilg;Gf;fis Vw;W Vidatw;iw epuhfupj;j ‘Kw;Nghf;Fthjpfs; - jkpo;jN ; jrpathjpfs;’

NghyNt K.ngh.Tk; nraw;gLfpwhnudj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ‘nka’;ia cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;l ‘nka;As;’ - tbtq; fle;J fiyj;Jtj;Jld; ,Uf;Fnkd mtH fUJfpwhH. ‘Mj;khHj;jj;’ jsj;jpy; epd;W ntspg;gLj; jg;gLgitAk; mt;thNw mikAnkdTk; ek;GfpwhH. Mdhy;> K.ngh.tpd; gpw;fhyg; gilg;Gfs; gytw;wpy; fUj;JfNs JUj;jpepd;W fl;Liuj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sd. mtH epuhfupf;Fk; twl;rpahd ‘Kw;Nghf;F’j; jahupg;Gf;fspypUe;J ,tw;iw vt;thW NtWgLj;JtJ? 0 0 0 K.ngh.tpd; NeHik> Mw;wy;> njspT> epiyg;ghL vd;gtw;wpy; vdf;F kupahijAz;L. jhd; rj;jpak; vd;W ek;Ggtw;wpy; Jzpthf - cWjpAld; nraw;gLgtH mtH. rkurq;fs; mtuplkpy;iy. jkpo;j; Njrpa epiyg;ghl;by; epd;wgb mtH Mf;fpaspj;j mspf;Fk; gilg;Gfs;> tpkHrdq;fs; Jzpr;ry; epiwe;jit. gyUk; njuptpf;f mr;rg;gLk; tplaq;fis vOj;jpYk; Ngr;rpYk; ntspg;gLj;jp tUfpwhH. vOj;jhsH - fiyQH vdg;gLNthupy; gyH> Gfo;Ntl;ilf;fhuuhAk; gr;Nrhe;jpfshAk; cyTk;

#oy; vk;KilaJ. ‘rhfpj;jpa ,uj;jpdq;fs;’> ‘Nfl;L thq;fpg;’ ngU ikg;gLk; ‘fyhG+~zq; fs;’ Nghd;w jFjpaw;w ‘gl;lq;fs;’ kypfpdw ; d. jhHkPf epiyg;ghL VJkw;W ‘gpugy Nkhfj;Jld;’ kl;Lk; nraw;gLk; Gjpa ,yf;fpaf;fhuupd; ngUf; fk;. 2009itfhrp khjj; jpd;gpd; fod;W tpOe;j ‘Kf%bfs;’ Vuhsk;. ,e;j Kf%bfs;> GyprhHG GypvjpHg;G ‘[dehaf’ Nfh~kpl;l vOj;jhsH gyUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhapUe;jit! ,r;#oypy;> K.ngh. NkYk; jdpj;Jj; njupfpwhH - jdJ epiyg;ghl;by; ‘,ul;il Ntlk;’ VJkpy;yhj Kd;Djhuzuha;!

K.ngh.Tf;F vd; tho;j;Jf;fs; !

- Nekp

100

ikak; cilf;Fk; kdj;jsk; ... ... ... (K.nghd;dk;gyk; gw;wpa nrhw;Nfhyk;) nkypQ;rpKj;jd;

01 ‘ahNuh js;sptpl;lJNghy ,Uf;fpwJ ehd; vOjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;> gpuf;iQaw;W vOjtpy;iy> vOj;Jr; Rakw;Nwh> ahiuAk; rhu;e;J epd;Nwh vOjtpy;iy. n`kpq;Ntapd; fpotd; tpl;l J}z;bw; fapw;iw ngupa kPd; ,Oj;Jr; nry;tJNghy... ... ...vOj;J ,Oj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. ‘,Uik vd;w ,e;jg; gpugQ;rr; rpiwapd; rpYitapy; miwag;gl;l rPt uhrpfSs; vd;idj; NjlhjPu; vd;W $wpa Xu; vOj;jhsdpd; ,yf;fpa Kfj;ij vd; vOj;jhy; JUtg; ghu;f;fpNwd;..... JUtpf; nfhs;tjw;F vOj;J cfe;j xd;Wjhdh? vz;fshy; xU rkd;ghl;il nra;J ghu;g;gJ Nghy vOj;jhy; nra;J ghu;f;fyhkh? vz;fshy; xU tpiliar; nrhy;y KbfpwJ .vOj;jhy; tpil nrhy;yyhkh? vOj;J vg;NghjhtJ xOq;fhd tpil nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwjh? rup Vd; vz;fshy; xU ,yf;fpak; vOj Kbatpy;iyNa? ehNd vdf;Fs; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd; ... ... ...

tpQ;QhdKk; ,yf;fpaKk; if Nfhu;j;J epw;Fk; fhynkhd;wpy;jhd; ,d;W epw;fpNwhk;. tpQ;Qh dj;jpd; Jiz nfhz;L ,yf;fpak; jd; rl;lfq; fis cilj;J tpLjiy czu;ntOr;rpia ekf;Fs; cUthf;fp ntw;wpfz;l ‘mtjhu; ‘ Nghd;w 3D jpiug; glq;fs; te;jpUf;Fk; fhyk;jhNd ,J ... ... ... ,t;thnwy;yhk; vdf;Fs; rpy ciuahly;fs; ele;Jnfhz;bUf;ifapy; ehd; vOj;jpd; me;j uq;fj;ij Njb efu;fpNwd;. <oj;J ,yf;fpak; >jkpo; ehl;L ,yf;fpak;> Gyk;ngau; ,yf;fpak; >fj;jupf;fha;> Glyq;fha;...,tw;Wf;Fs; vq;Nf epw;fpwhu; K.nghd;dk;gyk;? vjw;Fs;Sk; rpiwg;gl;Ltplhky; efu;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;j vOj;Jr; rpj;jdpd; gpd;dhNyNa Xbr; nry;fpNwd; ....nfhQ;rk; epy;Yq;fs; ehd; cq;fis vOj KidfpNwd; .... ‘vdf;Fs; Xu; GJf; Fuy; vO vd xypf;Fk; nky;y tpopf;fpNwd; ,g;Ngh -,lk; >tyk;>Fwpfs;> ROKid <u;g;gpy; GJ top miof;Fk;’

vz;fs; NghFk; ghij xU xw;iwabg; ghij. Mdhy; vOj;Njh tpupAk; jd;ik nfhz;b Uf;fpwJ vd;W xUthW gjpy; nrhy;ypf; 02 (R+j;jpuu; tUif) nfhs;fpNwd;. ,d;W tsu;e;J epw;Fk; tpQ;Qh ek;ik vg;NghJNk vtw;whyhtJ ms;sp epiwf;f dj;jpy; vz;fspd; gq;fspg;GjhNd Kf;fpakhdJ? tpUk;GfpNwhk; .

ekJ grpfis gpLq;fp vwpaKbatpy;iy . ,d;ndhU Gwk; vtw;WlNdh fye;JtpLtjw;F jahuhdtu;fshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ‘ehd; ‘ vd;fpd;w ikak; njhlu;e;J cilf;fg; gl;Nl jd;id cUtfpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ. ehNkh jpUk;gj; jpUk;g ms;sp epiwf;fpNwhk; rpjwbf;fg; gLtjw;fhf ek;kpy; vtw;iw vy;yhNkh................ Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. Nru;g;gJk; rpijg;gJkhd ,e;j ‘Kuz;mDgt ePl;rp’ vjw;fhf? tpLjiyia Nehf;fp efUk; kdpjkdjpd; ,aq;F jsNk tho;f;if. mePjp> ePjp vd;w fl;Lkhdq;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L kdpj kdJ MLfpwJ. mjd; ,yf;F tpLjiyNa/ kdj;ijf; flf;Fk; tpLjiy czu;T kdjpDs;NsNa gJq;fpf; fplf;fpwJ. kdpj kdJ mePjpia rhu;e;J ,aq;Fk; rhj;jpaj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;gjhfNt vdf;Fg; Gyg;gLfpwJ . Mdhy; tpLjiyf;F cfe;j fl;Lkhdkhf mJ ePjp topiaNa Kd; itf;fpwJ. mjd; mLj;j fl;lkhf mJ ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;ijNa rj;jpag; Ngupaf;fkhff; fhz;fpwJ.......

101 ,it ,yf;fpaj;Js; fzf;Fr; nra;a tUk; Nfhl;ghl;Lg; gw;whsu;fspd; NtiyNa. ,tu;fshy; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; rhj;jpakhd vy;iyfis xUNghJk; vl;l Kbtjpy;iy .<oj;J ,yf;fpaj;ij mwpa KaYk; xUtUf;F kpf Nkyhy; njupaf; $baJ Kw;Nghf;F ,yf;fpak; Njhw;Wtpj;j vOj;Jf;fNs. <o tpLjiy Nghuhl;l R+oypYk; mjd; jhf;fj;NjhL te;j vOj;Jf;fNs ngUthupaha; te;jd. gyu; jk;kplk; ,Ue;j ‘murpay; uridia’ ,yf;fpaj;Js; Njbdu; my;yJ mjw;Fg; ngaNu ,yf;fpak; vd;Wk; fz;ldu;. aho;g;ghzj;J ,bj;j muprp khT fdbaf; filfspy; thq;FtJ Nghy ,d;W xU ftpij Mfpg; NghdJ ,e;jg; ghijtopg; gazj;jpd; gyd;jhd; vd;Wk; $w ,lKz;L . nrhw;fspypUe;J mu;j;jq;fs; fisag;gLtjpYk; nrhw;fspd;Nky; mu;j;jq;fspd; Rik Vw;wp itf;fg; gLk; fhykpJ. tbtq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jpUg;jpaPdq;fshy; Vw;gLk; gf;f tpisT nrhw;fSf;Fs; mu;jj ; q;fis nrhUfpitf;fpd;wJ. fdjpahf nrhw;fspd;Nky; Vwp mku;e;jpUf;Fk; ngUk;ghyhd mu;j;jq;fspd; fhuzpfs; Gwr; R+oy; ,af;fj;jpd; xl;Ljy;fspypUe;Nj.

(jPik vJ> ed;ik vJ mg;gb Xu; ,Uik ,Uf;fpwjh? ,y;iy ,Ug;gJ xd;Wjhd;. me;j xd;Nw ,g;gb ,uz;lhfp khak; GupfpwJ NghYk;... K.ngh- Kbe;J Nghd jirahly; ,yf;fpaj;ij ahiu Nehf;fp Kd; itf;fpNwhk;? nkhop kw;wtu;fSld; NgRtjw;F kl;Lk;jhdh gw;wpa fij ) mg;gbnad;why; ek;NkhL ehk; vjdhy; Ngrpf; kPz;Lk; ehd;jhd;... vdf;Fs;NsNa Ngrpf; nfhs;fpNwhk;?ekJ ,ufrpaq;fis ve;j ciwapy; nfhs;fpNwd; mtiuj; Njbj; NghFk;Nghnjy;yhk; Nghl;L itj;Js;Nshk;? nkhop vg;NghJNk mtuJ vOj;Jf;fs; vdJ mfk; Nehf;fpNa ekf;Fs; ,wq;fp epw;fpwJ. mJ ePe;jpr; jpUg;gptpLfpd;wd vd; Gyd;fis. nry;tjw;fhd rpwFfis kdk;jhd; nfhLf;fpwJ .kdrplk;jhd; gazj;Jf;fhd ce;J rf;jp 03 ,Uf;fpwJ. mg;gbahdhy; kdJf;Fk; nkhopf;Fk; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,aq;Fjsk; ‘mfk;’jhd; Gwj;jpd; ,ilapyhd cwtpy; vJ vjid NkTfpwJ ? vJ Nrfupg;Gfs; mfj;jpy; FOkpj;jhd; vOj;jpy; vjid NkTfpd;wNjh mjd; jd;ikf;Nfw;g tpOfpd;wd. mfk; Gwj;jpy; fz;lij jd; ntspg;ghL epfo;fpwJ . njhd;kj;jpypUe;J Cwpa nrwpTf;Nfw;g mse;J ghu;f;fpwJ. nkhopapd; kdjpd; gbTfspypUe;J vOk; rkpf;iQfis jplypy; ,wq;fp mftakhd mirnthd;W ,wf;fpitf;f nkhopapd; nfhs;ssT NghJkhdepfo;fpwJ. MapDk; mftakhf czu;e;j jhf ,y;yhj NghjpYk; vOJjy; epfo;r;rp xd;iwg; gw;wpg; NgRtjhdhy; mJ Gwtakhd- ele;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ. kdk; Gwk; Nehf;fp jhfNt epfo;fpwJ. kpf NkNyhl;lkhd ghu;it kl;Lky;y ...jdf;Fs;Sk; gazpf;fpwJ . nfhz;ltu;fshy; mfta vOj;Jf;fs; xJf;fg; gLjYk;> vOj;jhsu;fs; gapj;jpaf; fhuu;fs;> K.nghd;dk;gyj;ij gw;wpg; ghu;g;gjw;F Kd;du; my;yJ euk;G kz;ly tpahjpf; fhuu;fs; vd;W ,t;thnwy;yhk; Nahrpf;f Ntz;bapUg;gJ fl;lh fzpf;fg; glYk; epfo;e;J tpLfpwJ. akhdJ. mjdhNyNa vOjpr; nry;fpNwd;... ... ...

102 04 cs;Szu;tpd; ce;Jjypy; fz;lilAk; gt;tpakhd nrhw;fs;- MjpAk; >me;jKkha; ePz;l rj;jpag;Ngupaf;fj;jpd; ,ay;Gj; Jz;LfNs. tpQ;Qhd>rkaQhd cs;Siwjypy; Njha;e;J ntspg;gLk;fUj;ij fhtpr;nry;Yk; jdpj;Jtkhd thfdq;fshfTk; mit ,aq;Ffpd;wd. gupzhkj;ij mthTk; ,yf;fpaf; flj;jypy; ,t;thwhd nrhw;fSf;F khw;Wr;nrhw;fis ,l;L epug;gy; rhj;jpakhdjpy;iy. ,t;thwhd nrhw;fis Muha mNjjsj;Jf;Nf nry;y Ntz;b ,Uf;fpwJ .nrhw;fs; gpwe;J epw;Fk; fUj;jpaw;jsk; gw;wpa Gupjiy cs;thq;fNtz;b ,Uf;fpwJ . jkpo; ,yf;fpag; gug;gpy; K .ngh itg; gw;wpg; Ngr Kidifapy; K.jisarpq;fj;ijj; njhLtJ jtpu;f;f KbahjJ. jisarpq;fk; jkpo; ,yf;fpag;gug;gpy; gpukpf;fj;jf;f ‘Ngupaf;f rf;jpahf’ epd;wtu; vd;gJ gyUk; mwpe;jNj . mtuJ njhlu;r;rpahf K .nghd;dk;gyj;ij fhz;gtu;fSk; cz;L. MapDk; mtuplkpUe;J tpj;jpahrg; gl;ltuhfNt K .nghd;dk;gyk; njhlu;e;J nry;fpwhu;. xU Nfhl;ghl;lhsdpd; mr;nrhl;lhd nrhw;fSf;Fk;> xU ftpQdpd; ‘nka;g;gpj;Njwpa’ nrhw;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd tpj;jpahrq;fspd; GupjNyhL K .nghtpd; nrhw;fis mZFjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw fUJfpNwd;. vOj;Js; gy Kay;Tfisnra;j K.nghtpd; me;juq;fj;jpy; nrwpe;J epw;gJ mtuJ ftpj;Jt MOik vd;Nw Gyg;gLfpwJ. ftpj;Jtk; jj;Jtj;ij fijahL fpwJ. ikaj;jpy; epw;gJ ePjpj; Njlypd; grpNa. Mdhy; jisarpq;fj;jpd; ftpj;Jtk; vd;id ngupa mstpy; <u;ff ; tpyi ; y. mtu; xU jj;Jtthjp. ePjpf;Fk; >tpLjiyf;Fkhd rkd;ghLfis K.ngh vOj;jpy; nra;J ghu;f;fpwhu; .gy jsj;jpy; tpLjiyia Nehf;fpa ,af;fkhf mtuJ vOj;Jfs; Kd;itf;fg; gLfpd;wd. mtuJ rj;jpa juprd epiyapy; fUf; fl;Lk; nrhw;fshy; mtuJ ,yf;fpak; epfo;fpwJ. me;epiyia ‘fUj;J epiyfspd;kPJ Vwp epw;Fk; $ba fzpg;gpd; gad; ‘ vd;Wk; xUthW nrhy;ypf; nfhs;syhk; . Mdhy; vd;dplk; ,Ug;gNjh ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,aq;Fjsj;jpy; Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; Kd; mDkhdk;

kl;LNk. vdf;F rhj;jpakhd fUtpiaf; nfhz;Nl K .nghd;dk;gyj;ij ehLfpNwd;. 05 tprhuj;jpd; gy gf;fq;fspy; tpQ;Qhdpfs;> cstpayhsu;fspd; fUJNfhs;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L efu;e;jpUf;Fk; fijfspy; tpQ;Qhdf; fz;Lgpbg;Gfshy; Vw;gLk; nefpo;r;rpNa tpQ;rp epw;fpwJ. ,q;Nf xU jj;Jt Mrpupadpd; nraw;ghNl mjpf ,af;fk; nfhs;fpwjhfj; njupfp wJ. ,yf;fpak; cUthf;Fk; czu;ntOr;rpia ,q;F fhz;gJ fzprkhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ .,yf;fpak;> jj;Jtk; ,uz;Lf;Fkhd $l;L rf;jpg; gupkhw;wj;ij ,q;F ehd; fhztpy;iy vd;Nw nrhy;Ntd; . mtuJ ‘Kbe;J Nghd jirahly; gw;wpa fij’ vd;w fijj; njhFg;gpid tpLjiyapd; ntt;NtW jsq;fspd; ghu;it tpupg;ghfKd; itj;jtu; ‘Ra jpahfj;jpw;F Mw;wy; ngw;wpUf;Fk; ‘xU Njrpa ,dj;ijf; fhz;gNjhL Njrpa ,d tpLjiyf;fhd cWjpg; gLj;jyhfTk; ‘jpahfj;ijf;’ fhz;fpwhu; ... mj;NjhL mj;jifa ,dj;Jf;Fs; ‘nfhiyNa kUe;J’ vd;w epiy Njhd;wpte;jijAk; gjpT nra;fpwhu; ... ‘mJ> Nehapy; ,Uj;jy;> tprhuk;> flYk; fiuAk;> Mz;epiy ,ay;G gw;wpa Mokhd ghu;it> jpwdha;T rhu;e;j ghu;itfs;> nghwpapy; mfg;gl;l Njrk;> K..jisarpq;fk; xU mwpKfk;> Kw;wj;Jg; G+f;fs;’ Nghd;w gy Kf;fpa ntspg; ghLfs; mtuplkpUe;J te;jpUf;fpd;wd .vd;Dila ghu;itapy; mtUila ‘R+j;jpuu; tUif’ vd;w ftpijj; njhFg;G <oj;J ftpijgz;Gfspy; tpj;jpahrkhd Kidg;Gfisf; nfhz;ljhfNt njupfpwJ . fhyk; fUj;jupf;Fk; %yj;ij MAk; xt;Nthu; rkaKk; ghopy; tpOk; ehd; . tPo;e;jJ njupahJ vOifapy; vd;kfs; Kw;wj;jpy; epd;W ifRow;wpf; fapwbg;gpy; fhyk; fapwha; Jbf;fpwJ mz;zhu;e;J ghu;j;Njd; E}ypOj;J fPopwq;Fk; fhyj;jpy;

103

36 CQ;rypLk; rpye;jp . fz; fhzh fhy Kfl;by; Kbr;rpl;L Viznad MLk; gpugQ;rk; . xt;Nthu; ajhu;j;j epfo;Ts;Sk; fhyNk Mapukha; tiy gpd;Dk; kpd;dpioapy; ,uj;Njhl;lk; Japy;ifapy; fhyj;ij tpOq;fp tpopf;ifapy; fhyj;ij ntspj; js;Sk; ehd; . tpopg;gpy;iy> Japypy;iy fhyf; fUj;jupg;gpd; %yj;jpy; Mo;ifapy; ghopy; tpOk; ehd; . K.ngh tpd; vOj;Jf;fspy; fl;likf;fg; gLk; fUj;JfspYk; ghu;f;f ntspfisNa mjpfk; fhz;fpNwd;...mtuJ ftpijfs; >fijfs; gytw;Wf;Fs; thrfu;fs; epd;W Ra guprPyid xd;iwr; nra;tjw;fhd ,lq;fs; gytw;iw mtu; tpl;Lr; nry;fpwhu;. mtuJ fijfspd; ,ilntspfSs; ehk; vOjf; $ba fijfSk; ekf;fhff; fhj;Jf; fplf;fpd;wd> mtuJ ,yf;fpag; Ngr;rpYk; ,yf;fpaj;Js; epfOk; nksdk; fdkhdjhfNt gyre;ju;g;gq;fspy; czuNtz;b ,Uf;fpwJ. ,yf;fpaj;Js; epfOk; nksdk; ,y;yhikapd; nksdk; ,y;iy. mJ NgupUg;gpd; nksdkhf nghjpe;jpUf;fpwJ.NgupUg;gpd; nksdNk ngUk; Ngr;R.nray;fs; mgj;jj;jpy; KbAk; jUzq;fis ekf;Fs; czu;j;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; ,e;jg; NgupUg;Ng... NgupUg;ig czu;e;jtu;fSf;F vOj;J xU ‘vl;Lf;fhy’; G+r;rp ‘

epue;jukhd xd;whfTk;’ mJ Njf;fkw;wjhfTk; mtuhy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Njf;fkw;w mj;jsj;jpy; epd;W itf;fg;gLk; rj;jpaf; fUj;Jepiy cau;thdNj. ek;kplk; ,Uf;Fk; jj;Jtq;fs; fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; Gjpa gpur;rpidfshy; cilf;fg;gl;Nl te;jpUf;fpd;wd . Njhd;wpa GJg; gpur;rpidfSf;Fkhd jPu;TfisAk; Kd;itf;Fk; Kfkhd jj;Jt cUthf;fq;fs; epfo;eJ ; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. nka;Kjy; thjnkd;gJ Njf;fkw;w gazj;jpw;fhd gug;ghfNt ek;Kd; itf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwJ . xU jisa rpq;fj;ij Gupe;J nfhs;shjtu;fSf;F ,d;ndhU jisarpq;fNkh jisa rpq;fj;ijj; jhz;ba xUtNuh Njitapy;iy. ,dptUk; jiy Kiwf;Fk; jisarpq;fNk mf Mw;wiyAk;> tpupitAk; nfhLf;f ty;ytuhf ,Uf;fpwhu;. Gupe;J nfhs;sj; njk;gpy;yhjtu;fOf;F ‘nka; Kjy; thjk; Njhj;Jg;Nghd jj;Jtk;’ vd;W nrhy;tjw;F vd;d mUfij ,Uf;fpwJ ? ,Njh n`kpq;Ntapd; fpotid ,Oj;Jr; nrd;w kPd; fiuapy; vYk;gha; fplf;fpwJ ..... ,g;gbj;jhd; mfj;jpy; fhZk; j u p r d q ; f i s f i u f ; F f ; nfhz;Ltuy; fbdkhfpg; NghfpwJ ,Njh.... ,e;jf; f l ; L i u i a c i l A q ; f s ; >nehWf;Fq;fs; cq;fs; nray;fs; epiwNtwpw;W vd;W njupe;jhy;...cw;Wg; ghUq;fs; vQ;rp epw;gJ jisarpq;fj;jpd; rj;jpajuprdk; kl;LNk .

tpLjiyia Nehf;fp efUk; ,e;j kdepiy ve;j ,yf;fpaj; jsj;jpy; epd;W NgRfpwNjh me;jj; K. nghd;dk;gyj;ij jsj;ijNa cilj;Jf; nfhz;L NghFksTf;F epw;fpNwd;. cj;Ntfk; nfhs;fpwJ... ,jid jisarpq;fk; tpupthfNt nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;. ‘khw;wkw;w

ed;wpNahL

tho;j;jp

104

Neu;fhzy; “mUe;jjpuha;> Ky;f;uh[; Mde;> mNrhfkpj;jpud; Nghd;w rpwe;j vOj;jhsh;fNshL ehDk; xUtdhff; fzpf;fg;gl;L nfsutpf;fg;gl;Nld;.”

- K.ngh r.,uhftd;

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<oj;J etPd ,yf;fpag;gug;ngy;iyf;Fs; nfhz;lhlg; gLw;Fhpa kpfr; rpyhpy; xUtuhd K.jisarpq;fk; Fwpj;Jg; gyh; fUj;J Kd;itg;gpid Nkw;nfhz;bUe;j NghjpYk; mtuJ rNfhjuh; vd;w mbg;gilapy; cq;f sJ kdg; gjpTfis ehd; Kf;fpakhdjhf; fUJfpNwd;. mtiug;gw;wpa cq;fsJ kdg;gjpT vd;d? mtuJ rpe;jid vt;tsT gykpf;fjhf ,Ue;jNjh mt;thNw mthplk; vr;re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; rthiy vjph;nfhs;Sk; mQ;rhikAk; ,Ue;jJ. ,ij mtNuhL $lg;gofpa vd;;.Nf.kfypq;fj;jpd; $w;wpy; mwp ayhk;: ‘‘ijhpak; mthpd; cld; gpwg;G. kpf nkype;j cUtk;. mjw;Fs; ,Ue;j tPuk;> mwpT> jd;dk;gpf;if mjprag;glf;$baJ. 1971k; Mz;lhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ch;fhtw;Wiw nghyp]; ,d;];ngf;lUf;F Kd;dhy; K.j.epw;fpd;whh;. r%fg;gpur;ridapy; ,tiu Ak; ,d;DQ;rpy ,isQh;fisAk; ,d;];ngf;lh; mioj;Jr; nrd;wpUe;jhh;. ,d;];ngf;lh; Nfl;l Nfs;tp fSf;F ,th; Nkirapy; Cd;wpf; nfhz;L gjpy; nrhy;fpwhh;. ,d;]n ; gf;lh; jd; ehl;lhz;ikiar; fhl;L tjw;F NkirapypUe;J ifiavLj;J epkph;e;J epw;Fk; gb fl;lisapLtJNghy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; mjl;Lfpwhh;. ‘ehd; vg;gb epw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;;gij ePh; vdf;Fr; nrhy;ypj;juj; Njitapy;iy’ vd;W K.j.gjpy; mspf; fpwhh;. (K.jisarpq;fj;jpd; tho;f;ifapd; rpy gf;fq; fs; - fhyk; khrp 1995). ehd; jw;NghJ vOjpKbj;Js;s ‘mbngah;f;Fk; epidTfs; - GdpjePh;’ vd;w jiyg;gpyhd K.j.tpd;

tho;f;if tuyhW ,ij ,d;Dk; njspthf;Fk;.

nka;As;; vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il K.jisarpq;fk; Kd;itf;f Ntz;ba Njit vd;d? nka;As; vd;gJ xU Nfhl;ghly;y. Nfhl;ghnldpy; fl;Lg;ngl;bj;jdq;fs; mjNdhL cUthFk; Mgj;ijj; jtph;f;f KbahJ. ‘Nrh~yp];w; wpayp]k;’ vd;gJ xUNfhl;ghlhfp ];uypd;fhy u\;ahtpy; Kd;itf;fg; gl;lNghJ Vida ,yf;fpa tifahwhf;fnsy;yhk; xJf;fg;gl;ld. mtw;iw vOJNthh; jz;lidf;Fs; shf;fg;gl;;ldh;. 13k;> 14k; E}w;whz;Lfspy; Vw;gl;l mbg;gil rpe;jid khw;wj;ijAk;> Gj;njOr;rpiaAk; ghh;j;J Ma;thsh; fSk; tuyhw;whrphpah;fSk; kWkyh;r;rp vd;wdh;. ,J fhytiu thDyifAk; eufj;ijAk; nrhh;f;fj;ijAk; Njth;fisAk; gw;wpg;Ngrpa ftpijfSk; fhtpaq; fSk; kWkyh;r;rpf;fhyj;jpy; mbg;gil khw;wj;jpw;Fs; shfpd;wd. tpz;izg; gw;wpg; Ngrpait kz;Zf;F tUfpd;wd. kz;zpy;thOk; kf;fisAk; mth;fs; tho;f;ifiaAk; ajhh;j;jkhf ftpijia tpl;L ciueilapy; Ngrj;njhlq;Ffpd;wd. khh;f;rPak; $l mbg;gil khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jhj> kWkyh;r;rp fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa mwpTthjj;jpd; ,Wjptb tkhfNt epw;fpwJ. ,d;W kPz;Lk; mbg;gil khw;wk; xd;W Vw;glg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;fpwhh; K.j. ,J vkJ kdjpd; ngUk;gha;r;riy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l njd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. Ngh;ngw;w caphpay; tpQ;Qhdp> [{ypad; `f;];yp ,ijNa psychometobolism vd;fpwhh;. Descent of the super mind vd;whh; mutpe;jh;. ,e;j khw;wj;jpd; FwpaPlhfNt nka;As; epw;fpwJ. N[hh;[; Yap/Nghh;Nf> fhg;gphpay; khh;F]; Nghd;w yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f vOj;jhsh;fs; tpy;ypak;/gNwh]; Nghd;w mnkhpf;f vOj;jhsh;fs; Gjpa ghzpapy; k[pfy; wpayprk;> Nrh;wpayprk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; ghtpj;J vOtJk; mtw;Wf;F gf;fj;Jizahf epw;Fk; gpd;etPdj;Jt> fl;ltpo;g;G mikg;gpay;> gpd; mikg;gpay; Nghd;w Nfhl;ghLfSk; tug;NghFk; ngUkhw;wj;ij Gj;jp G+h;ktkhf czuhj> mbkd ntw;W ce;jy;fspd; tpisNt. ,tw;iwg; Gj;jpg+h; tkhf czh;e;J vOJgtd;> rhjhuzkhd tho;f;ifr; rk;gtq;fisNa tpj;jpahrkhd xspapy; ghh;g;ghd;. xU Kiw ehd; ePz;l Neuj;jpahdj;jpw;Fg;gpd; rpwpJ Neuk; Japd;wNghJ vd;Kd; vOe;j fhl;rpfs; vd;id mjph;r;rpf;Fs;shf;fpd. mtw;iw ehd; Fwpg;ngLj;J itj;jpUe;J mg;gbNa vOj Kad;W Njhw;Nwd;. gpd;dh; mijNa ‘Jahp’ vd;w jiyg;gpl;L vOjpNdd;. tpLjiyapd; mtjhuj;jpd; FwpaPlhd ‘Jahp’ vkf;F Neh;e;j tpLjiyapd; FwpaPlhfNt epw;fpwJ> mJ NkYk; njhluyhk;.

107

K.j. nka;Ais mwpKfg;gLj;jpaNghJ ‘nka;Ak; cs;Sk; nka;’ vd;W mij tpj;jpahrkhd ciuahly; fijahf ky;ypifapy; vOjpdhh;. mjd;gpd;dh; ‘GJf;Fuy;fs;’> ‘fiyQdpd; jhfk;’> ‘mz;il tPLfs;’ vd;Wk; ghpNrhjidfs; nra;jhh;. ‘fiyQdpd; jhfj;jpw;F vjph;tpidahf R.uh. vOjpa ‘N[ N[ rpy Fwpg;Gfs;’ vd;Dk; ehty; epw;fpwJ.

nka;Ais Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjpy; K.j.vjph;Nehf;fpa neUf;fbfs; vit?

mth; ,ij Kd;itj;j fhyj;jpy; ahUNk ,J gw;wpg; Ngrtpy;iy> fhuzk; mf;fhyj;jpy; Kw;Nghf;F tpkh;r fh;fs; vd;gth;fs; r%f ajhh;j;jj;ijAk; Nrh~ypr ajhh;j;jj;ijAk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W Nghl;L Fog;gp abj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; K.j.$wpa ,j;jsq;f Sf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;J vjph;tpid vOg;Gk; epiyapy; mth;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. gpd;dh; K.j. ,we;j gpw;ghL NaRuhrh> nka;As; vd;gJ Nrh~yp];w; wpayp]k; Nghd;w ,d;ndhU Nfhl;ghLjhNd vdr; nrhd;d NghJ> ,J ftpij> rpWfij> ehty;> fl;Liu> tpkh;rdk; vd;gtw;Wf;nfy;yhk; Nghlg;gl;bUe;j tpjpfisnay;yhk; cilg;gNjhL vjp;h;fhyk; NfhUk; Rje;jpukhd fiy> ,yf;fpa tphptpd; ngaNu vd;Wk; Gspj;Jg;Nghd gioa fiy ,yf;fpa uridfisj; J}f;fp vwpe;J Gjpa uridf;fhd CLUtiy Nfhhpa xU Nghf;F vd;Wk; ehd; $wpNdd;.

nka;Ais cq;fshy; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y $bajhf ,Ue;jjh?

vdf;Fk; K.j.Tf;Fkpilapy; nka;As; rk;ge;jkhf ele;e ciuahliy ,q;F nrhy;tJ Kf;fpak; vd epidf;fpNwd;. <oj;J gjpndhUth; ftpijj; njhFg; gpy; ,lk;ngWk; nghd;dhiy fpU~;zd; NfhtpYf;F NghtJ gw;wpa vdJ ftpijapy; tUk; ftpj;Jtkhd rpy thpfs; gw;wpAk;> mt;thNw ‘khh;fopf; Fkhp’ apy; tUk; tupfisAk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLifapy; mj;jifa urid kpf;f ftpijfs; vk;ik gioa uridf; Fs;NsNa ];jk;gpf;fr; nra;tjhy; ,tw;iw cilj;J Gjpa uridj; jsq;fSf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; Kaw;rp apy; <LglNtz;Lnkd;whh;. mij tpsf;FtJ Nghy; ‘‘vj;jidNah Nfhb xspahz;LfSf;F mg;ghy; gpugQ;rj;jpy; vq;NfhNthh; %iyapy; Neh;e;j ‘Supernova’ rpjwYf;Fs;shd el;rj;jpuf; Nfhsj;jpypUe;J tUk; xsp> ,d;Dk; G+kpia te;jilatpy;iy vd;gJ ngUk; ftpijahf tphpfpwJ’’ vd;whh;. ‘‘mg;gbahdhy; Gjpa tpQ;Qhdr; nra;jp ftpijah?’’ vd;W ehd; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw Nfl;Nld;. ‘‘,y;iy> mJjhd; ,d;iwa rhjhuz rhkhd;adpd; Nfs;tp. ehd; mijr; nrhy;ytpy;iy. mr; nra;jpNahL xl;btUk; Association of ldeas - ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpd; tphpT> mjd; gpd;dzp

108

apy; G+kpapd; mw;gk;> mdhijj;jdk; vd;W khwp khwp rpe;jidia tphpf;Fk; vz;zg; gug;Gf;fs;’’ vd;whh; mth;. ,g;Ngh Ntw;Wyfthrpfs; vd;gnjy;yhk; fl;Lf;fij vd;gJ ngha;ahfp mth;fspd; ,Ug;G ep&gpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. mnkhpf;fhtpYs;s Area 51y; ,Ue;J ntspahFk; fijfs; kl;Lky;y Id;];hPDf;Fg; gpd;Ds;s ,d;iwa fzpj Nkijahd ];hPgd; N`ht;f;fpq; vd;gtNu jdJ fzpj mwptpd; %yk; ep&gpj;Js;shh;. ,g;gpd;dzpapy; vdJ kfNdhL ele;j ciuahly; Qhgfk; tUfpwJ. 1957y; Ntw;Wyf thrpfspd; tpkhdk; tpOe;J mjpypUe;jth; ,we;j NghJ mijg; Post Mortem nra;j itj;jpah;> ‘‘me;j Ntw;Wyf thrp ,we;jNghJ mq;F Rw;wp epd;w midtUk; tpghpf;f Kbahj Jau czh;thy; gPbf;fg;gl; ldh; vd;whh;.’’ Vd; me;jj;Jah;? ,J ,d;ndhU fiy Mf;fkhfyhk;;. mjw;fhd fhuzkhf mth; $wpaJ> ‘‘me;j Ntw;Wyfthrp ,wg;gjw;FKd; vk;NkhL kdhP jpahf njhlh;G nfhs;s Kide;jjpd; tpisthf ,Uf;fyhk;’’ vd;gjhFk;.

nkd;Nw mth; jd; Nguhw;wiy kiwj;J Mba ehlfj;ij fiyj;Jtkhf ntspg;gLj;jp vjph;tpid ehtiy xUth; vOjpapUe;jhy; U~;b jd; mwpah ikia epidj;J ntl;fg;gl;bUg;ghd;. jhprd Ks;std; ,g;gb vj;jidNah Gjpa jsq;fSs; gpuNt rpf;fyhk;. mit tpj;jpahrkhd gilg;Gfshfg; ghpzkpf;fyhk;. kuGf;ftpij vOJtjpy; Muk;gpj;j ehd;> mWgJfspd; ,Wjpapy; kuGf;ftpijia tpl;nlwpe;J GJf;ftpij vOjpNdd;. vOj;jpYk; vdJ ftpij gpuRukhapw;W.

,ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Kbahky;Nghd vkJ kdjpd;; Nghjhik Jaukhff; ftpe;jpUf;fyhk;. ,J ,d;ndhU fiy Mf;fkhf vdf;Fs; tphpe;jJ. NkYk; kdpjh; jkJ %isapd; 5% tPjj;ijNa ghtpf;fpwhh; vd;Wk; ,d;Dk; cah;e;j rpe;jid fiy ahf;fq;fspy; <LgLNthh; 10% ghtpg;gjhfTk; nrhy; yg;gLfpwJ. vQ;rpa 90% tPjj;ijAk; ghtpf;fNtz; Lkhapd;> mjd; Njit Vw;gLkhapd; tpj;jpahrkhd kdpjh;fs; gpwf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbahapd; ,ijj;jhd; mutpe;jh; jhd; kiwAq;fhyfl;lj;jpy;> ‘‘,dpNky; ehd; tUk;NghJ cghijfshy; ghjpf;fg;glhj clNyhL tUNtd;||vd;W $wpdhuh? ,d;Dk; ukzkfhp~p> jhd; mz;zhkiyf;F te;j Muk;gj;jpy; jdf;F fPiu Mf;fpje;j fPiug;ghl;bNa gpd;dh; jd; Mr;rpukj;jpNy epd;w gR ntd;Wk; mjw;F mth; Kf;jpaspj;jNjhL ,d;Dk; rpy gwitfSf;Fk; kpUfq;fSf;Fk; mth; Kf;jpaspj;Jkhd epfo;Tfs; gr;ir ajhh;j;j cz;ik. ,e;j epfo;Tfisg; gbf;Fk; NghJ Kd;dh; ekJ Guhzq;fspy; Ngrg;gl;l gd;wpf; Fl;bfSf;F ghy; nfhLj;j> fhpf;fUtpf;F tukspj;j tp~aq;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd xspapy; ghh;f;fg;gl Ntz; baJ mtrpakhFk;. ,j;jifa Gjpa Mf;fq;fis vOJtjw;F Mj;kPf (Mysticism) gapw;rpAk; mjw;fhd cs;Szh;Tk; Njit. ‘rhj;jdpd; thrfq;fs;’ vd;W ry;khd; U~;b vOjpa ehtyhy; ntFz;nlOe;j ,];yhkpa cyF> mt Df;F kuzjz;lid mspf;fj; Jbj;jJ. Mdhy; khwhf cyf mtjhu GU~h;fspd; gpd;dzpapy;> KfkJ egp mth;fspd; Nguhw;wiy tpsf;fp> Ntz;L

1970 - 80 tiu ‘‘mfntspr;rkpf;iQfs;|| vd;Wk; 80-90 tiu ‘‘tpLjiyAk; Gjpa vy;iyfSk;|| vd;Wk; ciueil Nghd;w ghzpapy; vOjpNdd;. ,j;jifa ghzp ,d;W jkpo;ehl;by; rpyuhy;> Fwpg;ghf gpNuk;> uNk~; vd;gth;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpwJ. vdJ ,j;jifa Mf;fq;fis Nguhrphpah; rptj;jk;gp ‘‘ftpj;Jt trdq;fs;|| vd;whh;. rz;Kfk; rptypq;fk; ‘‘Naked Prose’’ vd;whh;. ,j;jifa Mf;fq;fspy; xd;whd ‘‘xt;nthU fzKk; xt;nthU ftpijia caph;gg ; pg;ghahf|| vd;w ftpijia ‘‘vd;id trPfhpj;j ftpij|| vd;W FKjk; Nfs;tp gjpypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ. ,j;NjhL ehd; epw;ftpy;iy. tpkh;rd hPjpahf ehd; jh;Krptuhk; gw;wp rhpepfhpy; vOjpa

tpkh;rdk; ntq;fl; rhkpehjdhy; ghuhl;lg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; me;j tpkh;rdk; ‘#j;jpuh; tUifapy;| ntspte;jNghJ R[hjh ghuhl;bdhh;. #j;jpuh; tUifapYk; jw;NghJ ehd; ntspapl;Ls;s ‘ftpijapy; Jbf;Fk; fhyk;| vd;w njhFjpapYk; cs;s fhyk; gw;wpa ftpijfs;> ftpij cyFf;F me;epakhdit. ‘kuzk;’> ‘Kbe;J Nghdjirahly;’> ‘gPjp’ Nghd;wit ‘rpW ftpijfs;|. fhyk; gw;wpa ftpijfs; Mj;k tprhuj;ij Kd;ndLg;gitahFk;. kw;Wk; Mq;fpyf; ftpij E}y; A Country Entrapped [Pd; murehafk; cl;gl rpq;fsg; Gj;jp[Ptpfshy; ghuhl;lg;gl;lJ. xf;]; Nghh;l; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ftpijf;Fg; nghWg;gha; ,Ue;j ftpQh; Benjamin Zephaniah> mw;Gjkhd ftpij vd;whh;. mjhtJ ngUq;fhl;rpg; Gyj;ijAk; mjDila mfz;l njhlh;GfisAk; ghh;f;Fk; Kiwik. nuwp <fy;uDk; ghuhl;bf; fbjk; vOjpdhh;. ,yq;if tuyhw;iw tpj;jpahrkhd ghh;itf;Fl; gLj;Jk; The song of a Liberated Zone rpq;fs ez;gh;fshy; ghuhl;lg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy;jhd; Nguhrphpah; rptj;jk;gp vd;Dila Mf;fq;fs; gw;wpf;$Wk; NghJ> ‘‘Among the poets of the 1970s, M. Ponnambalam is considered to be highly articulate, -using his poetry to experiment with language’’ (50 years of Sri Lankan Tamil Literature) vd;fpwhh;. ,t;thNw V.N[. ck; ‘‘<oj;jkpo; ,yf;fpag; gug;gpy; VjhtJ GJikahfr; nra;gth;fshf ,Ug;gth;fs; K.j. Tk; K.ngh. TNk’’ vd;W jkJ ez;gh;fNshlhd ciuahlypd; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;lij ,q;F nrhy;yyhk;. (jfty;: rptghyd; ‘rpw;gp’) MfNt ,tw;wpd; gpd;dzpapy; itj;Jg;ghh;fF ; k;NghJ ,dpNky;jhd; nka;Aspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nghpjhf tphp Ak;. gioa uridia tpl;nlwpe;J Gjpa fiyj;Jt uridf;F cah;tnjd;gJ mwptpd; tprhypg;NghLk; cs;Szh;NthLk; ,ize;J tUtJ. ,ij vd;NdhL neUf;fKilah;fSf;Nf GhptJ f~;lkhfg;gLfpwJ. mth;fSf;F tpsf;Ftjw;fhfNt GJikg;gpj;jdpd; mfypif gw;wpa fijiaAk; (rhgtpNkhrdk;)> kfh`ftp mfypif gw;wp vOjpa ftpijiaAk; xg;gpl;L Kd;djpy; cs;s fiyj;Jt tphpthy; rpWfij ftpijahf cah;tijf;fhl;bNdd;. ehd; fhyk; gw;wp vOjpa ftpijfNs Neuj;ij NtW Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;f;f itg;gJ. ehd; KONeu vOj;jhsdhf ,Ug;Ngdhfpd; vj;jidNah GJikahdtw;iwr; nra;J fhl;lyhk;.

#j;jpuh; tUif ePq;fs; vjph;ghh;j;jsTf;F mjph;it Vw;gLj;jpajh? mjph;it Vw;gLj;JtJ gw;wpf; fijf;fhjPh;fs;. rhkp glj;jpypUe;J tPG+jp nfhl;Lz;Ztjhfr; nrhd;dhy;>

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rhkp glj;Jf;F rhw;wpa khiy ,uz;lb tsh;e;J tpl;ljhfr; nrhd;dhy; xUNtis mit mjph;it Vw;gLj;jyhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j khjphp mwpT rhh;e;j tp~aq;fSf;F mit Neug;Nghtjpy;iy. ntsptUk; ngUk;ghyhd E}y;fisnay;yhk; NjbnaLj;J tpkh;rdk; nra;Ak; jkpo; tphpTiuahsuplk; ,e;E}y; ntspte;jTlNdNa ifaspj;Njd;. Mdhy; mth; ,w;iwtiu xU thh;j;ijjhDk; mJ gw;wp Ngrtpy; iy. Mdhy; ,e;E}y; gw;wp xU rpwe;j tpkh;rdj;ij ftpQh; m];tNfh]; ‘‘K.ngh.tpd; ftpijfs;|| vd;w jiyg;gpy; vOjpdhh;. mtNu vdJ Jahp gw;wp Mokhf tpkh;rpj;jhh;. vdJ ntsptutpUf;Fk; ‘gLif| vd;Dk; neLq;ftpijfs; njhFg;Gf;F ,thpd; tpkh;rdj;ijNa Kd;Diuahfg; Nghl;Ls;Nsd;. NkYk; ,e;E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ‘fhl;bf;nfhLj;jtd;| vd;Dk; ghehlfk;> iggpspy; tUk; A+jh]; ,];Nfwp aj;jpw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghj;jpuj;ijf; Nfs;tpf;Fs; shf;fpwJ. ,J Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;lhy; gy thjg;gpujpthjq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; vdr; nrhd;d th;fSk; cz;L.

~tprhuk;| Nghd;w csg;gFg;gha;T Kaw;rpfis ePq;fs; Vd; njhlh;e;Jk; Kd;ndLf;ftpy;iy? Neukpd;ikNa fhuzk;.

~tprhuk;| Fwpj;J ftdpg;gpw;Fhpa cq;fSf;F fpilj;jdth?

vjph;tpidfs;

tprhuj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;w mNdfkhd Mf;fq;fs;> ‘rhp epfhpy;| njhlh;eJ ; te;jit. ehd; ‘jpirapy;| ,j;jifa Ma;Tepiyg;gl;l Mf;fq;fis ‘jPl;rz;ad;| vd;w Nghpy; vOjpNdd;. mt;thW rhpepfhpYk; njhlh;e;J vOJk;gb Nrud; Nfl;lhh;. Mrphpah; FOitr; Nrh;e;j rptFkhUk; MjuT je;jhh;. khh;f;rp];l; rha;Tila th;fshf ,Ue;j v];.Nf. tpf;fpNd];tud; Nghd;wth; fSf;F mth;fSila fUj;Jf;fis epuhfhpg;gjhf mike;j> vdJ rpy fUj;Jf;fs; ‘GOf;f|j;ij Vw;g Lj;jpapUf;fNtz;Lk;. MfNt mth; ‘fzgjpg;gps;is| vd;w ngahpy; ‘ahh; ,e;j rq;fkd;?| (rq;fkd; vd;w NghpNyNa mtw;iw vOjpNdd;) vd;W vjph;tpid itj;jhh;. m. ,utp yz;ldpy; ,Ue;J vd;kPJk; K.j.kPJk; itj;jpUe;j jdJ fho;g;Gzh;it mwptpd; ghw;glhJ nkhl;ilahff; ff;fpdhh;. Nguhrphpah; rptNrfuk;> Telepathy, Telekinesis Nghd;w tp~aq;fs; gw;wp ehd; Fwpg;gpl;lijAk; mjw;F ehd; cjhuzpj;j A+hp nfy;yiu ngha;ad; vd;Wk; nrhy;yp vdJ KOg;Gj;j fj;ijAk; rpe;jid tWikapd; tpisntd jpl;bj;jPh; j;jhh;. A+hp nfy;yh; nra;tjhff; $wg;gl;l tp~aq;fs; ,d;W gyuhy; nra;J fhl;lg;gLk; epiyia vl;bAs;sJ. v];fpNkh kf;fsplk; ,J rh;trhjhu zkhd tplak;. mth; tprhuk;> E}iy tpkh;rpj;jjpyp

110

Ue;j gjw;wk; mtiu mJ nghpjhfg; ghjpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhpe;jJ. MapDk; rptNrfuj;jpd; gyjug;gl;l Mw;wy; mjw;fhd ciog;G vd;gtw;why; ehd; mtiu vd;Wk; kjpf;fpNwd;. ,uh[khh;j;jhz;ld; mth; fhykhtjw;F Kd;dh;> fhyr;Rtl;by; tprhuk; gw;wp ed;whfNt vOjpapUe;jhh;> mtUf;Nf chpa rpe;jidf; FiwghLfNshL. vdf;F vjph;tpid je;j tpf;fpNd];tuDf;F tprhuk; Kd;Diuapy; gjpy; mspj;jpUe;Njd;. ,e;E}y; 500 gpujpfs; mr;rbf;fg;gl;ld. kpfr; nrhw;gfhyj;jpy; midj;Jk; tpw;W Kbe;jd.

iffspy; Nghly; vd;W mkh;f;fsg;gLj;jpapUg;ghh;fs;. ,d;W re;jh;g;gk; te;jjhy; vl;L tUlq;fSf;F Kd; ele;j ,e; epfo;T gw;wpr; nrhy;y Ntz;bajhapw;W. NkYk; ,e;ehty; vOj;jhsh; rl;lehjidf; fth;ej ; jhy; mij mth; V.N[.aplk; nfhLj;J gbf;fj; J}z;bdhh;. mjd; tpisT V.N[. xU tpkh;rdj;ij Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpdhh;. mth; ,e; ehtiy my;gu;l; fhk;Atpd; Plague ehtYld; xg;gpl;L vOjpdhh;. eh]p(Nazi) fshy;

Nehapy; ,Uj;jy; vDk; cq;fsJ ehty; xU jw;GJikahd Kaw;rp. ,Ue;Jk; mJ chpa ftdpg;ig ngwhjJ Vd;?

,k;khjphpahd ehty;fs; NgRk; tp~aq;fs; cq;fisf;ftu Ntz;Lkhapd;> vdJ ez;gd; xUth; $wpaJ Nghy; mjw;fhd Frequency ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa jsq;fspy; ehty; vOJNthh; FiwT. mjdhy; jhd; mJ chpa ftdpg;ig ngwtpy;iy vdyhk;. Vd;> mjpfk; Nghthd;> nrq;if Mopahdpd; ehty; gl;ba ypy;$l mJ ,lk;ngwtpy;iy! Mdhy; mjw;fhf vy;yh thrfiuAk; mg;gb kl;le;j l;lKbahJ. ,e;ehtYk; vdJ Vida vOj; Jf;fSk; rpyupd; tpNrl ftdj;ijf; fth;e; jjd; tpisNt njw;fhrpahtpy; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (USA – DELHI OFFICE) mikg;gpdhy; Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;l 50 vOj;jhsh;fspy; <oj;Jj; jkpo; vOj;jhsd; ehd; xUtNd vd;w ngUik vdf;F 2002 ,y; fpilj;jJ. mUe;jjpuha;> Ky;fu; h[; Mde;> mNrhfkpj;jpud; Nghd;w rpwe;j vOj;jhsh;fNshL ehDk; xUtdhff; fzpf;fg;gl;L nfsutpf;fg;gl;Nld;. rpq;fs vOj;jhsh;fs; ehy;th; njhpTnra;ag;gl <oj;jkpo; vOj;jhsh;fspy; ehd; xUtNd njhpT nra;ag;gl;ljw;F ,e; ehtYk; xU fhuzk;. Ik;gJ Mz;L fhy <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; vd;w Mq;fpyf; fl;Liuapy; Nguhrphpah; rptj;jk;gp vd;idg;gw;wpf; $wpaJk; gpwpnjhU ,lj;jpy; vdJ ehty; gw;wp vOjpaJk; ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; vdyhk;. ,j; njhptpdhy; vdJ vOj;jhf;fq;fs; rpy vdJ thrpg;gpd; %yk; gjpTnra;ag;gl;lNjhL> ehd; cl;gl midj;J vOj;jhsh;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;l glKk; fpilj;jJ. $lNt xU ,izaj;jsKk; jpwe;J mwpKfg;gLj;jTk;gl;Nld;. ,k; khjphpahd re;jh;g;gKk; fzpg;Gk; <oj;Jj; jkpo; vOj;jhsh;; NtW vtUf;fhtJ fpilj;jpUe;jhy; nghpa $l;lk; xd;iwNa xOq;F gLj;jp gyiuf; nfhz;L ghuhl;Liufs; nra;tpj;J nghd;dhilfs; Nghh;j;jy;> glq;fs; vLj;Jg; gj;jphp

nfstg;gl;bUe;j gpuhd;R Njrk; gpNsf; Nehahy; gPbf;fg;gl;ljhf cUtfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ehtNy fhKtp dJ. mt;thNw vdJ ehtYk; cUtfg;gLj;jg;gl; bUe;jhy; ,d;Dk; rpwg;ghdjhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd;Dk; V.N[.d; Nehf;fpy; vdf;F cld;ghby;iy. G+uz MNuhf;fpakw;W ,UkYk;;> <ioAkhd epiyaNyNa KOehLk; ,Ue;jJ. Kw;W kOjhf tpOq;fg;gl;l epiyapy; my;y. me; epiyapy; xU NehahspiaAk; ehl;ilAk; Nfhbfhl;br; nry;Yk; cj;jpNa rpwg;gh dJ vd;gNj vdJ thjk;. NkYk; V.N[ fPioj;Nja Mj;kPf tphpT (EASTERN MYSTICISM) gw;wp Mokhd mwptpy;yhjtuhfNt ,Ue;jhh;. mjdhy;j;jhd; xUtdpd; MSikiaNa ifapnyLj;J Ml;Lk; mutpe;jh; $wpa Psychic bombardment gw;wp VJk; mwpahj

epiyapy; gpuhh;j;jidAld; mij khwhl;lk; nra;J ,t;thwhd jfty;fis ehty; Mrphpah; je;J vkJ fhiy thhptplth ghh;f;fpwhh; vd;W mth; Nfypahff; Nfl;lJ vdf;F mth;ghy; mDjhgj;ijNa je;jJ. NkYk; rhj;jh; vy;.v];.b. ghtpj;jJ gw;wpAk; mth; mwpahJ ,Ue;jjhy; rhj;jhpd; rjhfhy ngz; $l;lhsp irkd; b Gth ,J gw;wpg; gjpT nra;Js;shh; vd;Wk; mtUf;F tpsf;fpNdd;. Nehapy; ,Uj;jiy mjpfkh Ndhh; thrpj;jpUf;fhtpl;lhYk; thrpj;jth;fs; kj;jpapy; xU ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ vd;gij kWf;f KbahJ.

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mtdplkpUe;J VjhtJ jpwik ntspg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mij ghuhl;l Kd;;tUtNj Intellectuual Honesty MFk;. ,e;jg;gz;Ng kdpj ehfhPfj;ij Kd;ndLg; gjhFk;. ,j;jifNahUf;F cjhuzkhf V.N[> K.j > rptj;jk;gp (K.j.tpd; Mf;fq;fSf;F vjpuhf f.if. ,aq;fpaNghJk; 60f;fSf;F gpd; te;j <oj;J ,yf;fpaj; Njf;fj;ij cilj;jth; K.j vdg; ghuhl;bdhh;.) ,se;jiy Kiwapy; ,j;jifa gz;GilNahuhf Nrud;> rl;lehjd;> K.G~;guh[d;> uQ;rFkhh;> ukNz~; (ftpQh; m];tNfh];) cs;sdh;.

‘CQ;ry; MLNthk;’ Foe;ij cstpaypy; ePq;fs; Mo;e;j ‘jpirapy;’ ntspte;j cq;fsJ ‘Ntl;il’ xU Nehf;Filath; vd;gij ed;Fzh;j;JfpwJ. rpWth; Kf;fpakhd Gidfij. ,f; fijf;F rhjfkhd ,yf;fpak; kpfTk; Njf;fkile;Js;sJ. <oj;J ,yf;fpar; vjph;tpid fpilj;jjh? #oypy; ,JNghd;w Kaw;rpfis ePq;fs; njhlh;e;J ‘Ntl;il| gyhplkpUe;J ghuhl;ilg; ngw;wJ. mt;thNw Kd;ndLj;jhnyd;d? ‘gak; ff;Fk; tp~k;|> ‘Afq;fis tpOq;fpa fzq;fs;|> ‘miuehs; nghOJ’> ‘KLgdp’> Nghd;witAk; ghuhl;Lf;fisg; ngw;wd. mz;ikapy; ntspahd ‘fyht y];rdha;’ (fhL mofhdJ) vd;w rpq;fsj;jpy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;l rpWfijj; njhFg;gpYs;s vdJ ‘gak; ff;Fk; tp~k;’ vd;w rpWfijiag; gbj;j r%ftpQ;Qhdpfs; rq;fj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rpq;fsg; Gj;jp [Ptpfs; ,t;tsT cah;e;j epiyapyh cq;fs; rpWf ijfs; cs;sd vd;W tpae;jdh;. vdJ miuehs; ngh Oij Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;j V.N[. mij N[k;]; N[ha;rpd;> lg;spNdh;rpy; cs;s rpWfij fNshL xg;gpl;lhh;.

Ntl;il vd;w rpWfijia Jtp[d; vd;w ngahpy; jpirapy; ntspapl;Nld;. ,yf;fpag; gFjpf;F ehd; epakpj;j NaRuhrh mf;fij jdf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. Mdhy; ehd; mij gpuRhpf;f itj;Njd;. jpir ntspte;j mLj;j ehNs uQ;rFkhh; vdJ mYtyfj;Jf;F te;J NaRuhrhtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; mijg; ghuhl;bdhh;. ghtk; NaRuhrh! vdJ fij mtUf;Fg; gpbf;fhky;g; Nghdjw;Ff; fhuzk; vdf;nfjpuhf mth; nfhz;bUe;j kdKw;rha;Nt (Prejuidice). NaRuhrh vd;NdhL ey;YwT nfhz;bUe;jNghJ mth; ntspapl;l ‘miy’ apd; Kfg;Gf; ftpijahf vdJ ftpijia ntsp apl;lhh;. mtuJ rpWfij E}y; ntspapl;L tpohtpw;F vd;idj; jiyik jhq;ftpl;lhh;. gpwF ekf;fpilNa fUj;JNkhjy; Vw;gl;lJk; vdJ gilg;Gfs; vy;yhNk gpbf;fhky; Nghapd. ,th; $wpatw;iw tpOq;fpf; nfhz;L vdJ fUj;jpay; gw;wp vOjp mediocre Mfj;jd;id rz;Kfk; rptypq;fk; jho;j;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. ,e;j kdr; rpf;fyhy; NaRuhrh jdJ ez;gh;fisnay;yk; ,oe;J jdpj;Jg;NghdNjhL> jdJ vOj;jhw;wiyAk; ,oe;jtuhf epw;gNj vdJ ftiy. xUtd; vt;tsT giftdhf ,Ue;jhYk;

Foe;ij ,yf;fpa Kaw;rpapNyNa ehd; ,f;fhyq;fspy; $Ljyhf vdJ Neuj;ij nrytpl;Ls;Nsd;. Room to Read vd;Dk; mikg;G rpWth; ,yf;fpaj;ij Kd;ndLg;gij jdJ Ntiyahf; nfhz;L ,aq;FfpwJ. ,jNdhL ehk; rpyNgh; Nrh;eJ ; ,e;j Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;Ls;Nshk;. ,e;j mikg;gpdhy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l ,yf;fpag; gl;liwf Sf;Fr; nrd;Ws;Nsd;. #gph; Rf;yh vd;Dk; ,e;jpah; nrd;w tUl ,Wjpapy; te;J jtiz Kiwapy; %d;W khjq;fs; jdJ tphpTiuia epfo;j;jpdhh;. ,jw;FKd;dUk; ,d;ndhU mikg;G> rpWfij nuypl;wkh gw;wpa ,yf;fpag;gl;liwf;F Peter Miller vd;gtiu mioj;jpUe;jJ. Vw;fdNt ehd; nfhz;b Ue;j gy;tifg;gl;l thrpg;gpdhYk;> ,d;Dk; ,d;iwa etPdj;Jt gpd;dtPdj;Jt fij nrhy;Yk; KiwfNshL ghpr;rak; ngw;wpUe;jjhYk; ,th;fs; Nghl;l epajpf NshL vdf;F xj;Jg; Nghf Kbatpy;iy. ,th;fs; vy;yhUk; gpur;rpid> rpf;fy;> jPh;T vd;Dk; ,]w; (Z) tbt fij nrhy;Yk; Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ> vdf;F xj;Jg;Nghtjha; ,y;iy. ehd; ,th;fspd; gpur;rid> rpf;fy;> jPh;T vd;w ,]w; tbt Kiwia vq;fSila ghl;ldhh; fhyj;jit vd;Nwd;. ,d;iwa epiyapy; xt;nthU fzKk; gpur;rid rpf;fy;> jPh;T vd;W miy miyahf (Wavy) tUk; Ntfkhd jhf;fj;Jf;F xt;nthUtUk; Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W thjhbaNjhL ‘gY}Dk; igaDk;| vd;nwhU fijiaAk; vOjpf;fhl;bNdd;. mth;fs; mij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shtpl;lhYk; ehd; xU gpur;rpidf;fhudhfNt ,Ue;Njd;. Mdhy; vdJ Fwpg;gpl;l fij rpWtu; Ehyhf ntspte;js;sJ.

,g;Ngh vdJ ‘CQ;ryhLNthk;’ njhFjp ‘‘fiyfs; nra;Nthk;’’ vd;w ngahpy; kPs;gpuRuk; nra;ag;gl ;lNjhL ‘‘nrt;tha; kdpjd;’’ vd;nwhU Gjpa njhFjp

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Ak; ntsptUfpwJ. ,jpy; ehd; rpWth; ftpij Kiw apy; epyTfpd;w Njf;fj;ij cilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; GJf;ftpijg; Nghf;fpYk; rpWth; ftpij iag; ghPl;rpj;Jg; ghh;j;Js;Nsd;. rpWth;fSf;fhd tanjy;iyfisAk; glq;fspd; Njitgw;wpAk; ,jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;Nsd;.

mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; fpof;fpyq;ifapypUe;J etPd ,yf;fpag; Nghf;Ffisj; njspthf cs;thq;fp gaDs;s fijahly;fis Kd;ndLf;ff;$ba ,se;jiy Kiwnahd;wpid mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ. ,e;jsTf;F tlf;fpy; ftdj;ijaPh;f;ff; $ba nraw;ghLfs; vitAk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gglhikf;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d? ,e;jg; Nghf;F fpof;fpyq;ifj; jkpo; ,se;jiyKiw Mw;wy; ,yf;fpaf; fhuh;fsplk; njhptijtpl K];ypk; ftpQh;fs; vOj;jhsh;fsplk; $Ljyhfj; njhpate; Js;sJ vd;Ngd;. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; K];ypk; Njrk; xd;iw cUthf;Ftij jk; fUj;jpayhff; nfhz;ljd; ce;Jjypd; tpisNt ,J. $lNt ,jpy; <LgLg th;fs; ,d;iwa gpd; etPdj;Jt rpe;idapYk; mf; fiw nfhz;L mtw;wpd; jhf;fj;ij cs;thq;fpa KiwapdhYk; ,J ntspg;gLfpwJ vdyhk;. ,j;jifa Gjpa Nghf;fpd; fhuzj;ij czh;tjw;F jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lk; jdJ cr;r epiyapy; ,Ue;jNghJ Gjpa Ntfj;Jld; GJik nfhz;l Mf;fq;fSld; te;j ‘kuzj;Js; tho;Nthk;’ E}iy xg;gpLjy; kpf mtrp ak;. xU Gjpa fUj;jpaypd; ce;Jjy; Gj;jhf;fq; fSf;F toptFf;Fk;. 1786d; gpuQ;Rg; Gul;rpf;Ff; fl;baq; $WgitahfNt Nthy;lah;> W}Nrh Nghd; Nwhhpd; rpe;jidfs; vOe;jd. my;Fh;zh];> k[Pj;> mywp> Bd;fG+h;> kp`hj;> u`{g;> rpwh[; Nghd;w ,se;jiyKiwapdh; kw;Wk; ngUntspiar; Rw;wp vOJNthh; ,jw;Fhpa epkph;NthL gilg;Gf;fisj; jUgtuha; cs;sdh;. rpwe;j tpkh;rfh;fspd; Mw;Wg;g Lj;;Jjy; ,th;fSf;F mtrpak;. m.khh;f;]; Nghd;w Mediocre ‘Gj;jp[Ptpfs;’ ,th;fSf;F cjtg;Nght jpy;iy. Njrpaf; Nfhl;ghL gw;wp Mokhd njspT ,y;yhj ,th;> K];ypk; kf;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; jkJ rka> fyhrhuj;ij Kd;dpWj;jpa K];ypk; Njrj;ij ,th; vt;thW ghh;f;fg;Nghfpd;whh;.

ePq;fs; vOjj; njhlq;fpa fhyj;jpypUe;J ,d;Wtiu <oj;jpd; tpkh;rdj;Jiw nrk;ikahd ,aq;Fjpirapy; gazpj;J te;Js;sjhf fUJfpwPh;fsh? ,y;iy vd;W jhd; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. ehk; vOjj; njhlq;fpa fhyj;jpy; (56-60) Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsh;fspd; Ml;rp ele;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; f.ifyhrgjp 57y; jpdfud; Mrphpauhf te;jjd; gpd;dNu Kw;Nghf;F gw;wpa gpuf;iQ

khh;f;rpa vOj;jhsh;fsplk; njhw;wpaJ vdyhk;. Mdhy; mjw;fhf khh;f;rpa hPjpahd tpkh;rdk; vq;Fk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;jpa %d;whe;ju vOj;jhsh;fshy; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;bUe;j jpdfuid mjpypUe;J tpLtpj;J ,yq;if Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jh sh;fshd nr.fNzrypq;fd;> Nj.lhdpay;. nlhkpdpf; [Pth. nghd;Dj;Jiu Nghd;NwhUf;F ,lkspj;jNj xU ‘khh;f;rpa’ tpkh;rdkhfg; ghh;f;fyhk;. ,Nj fhyj; jpy; f.if apd; ez;gh;fshd fhtY}h; ,uhrJiu rpy;iyA+h; nry;tuhrd; MfpNahh; KiwNa ehtyhrphp ah; thpirapy; K.tujuhrdhhpd; ehty;fs;> fhurhuk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; vOjpait rPhpa];]hd ghh;itf; Fhpa njwpg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. MapDk; khh;f;rPa tpkh;rdk; vd;Nwh NtW ve;j tpkh;rdNkh Kiwahf Kd;itf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf r%fajhh;j; jj;ij Nrhryp];w; wpayprk; vd;W nfhz;lhlg;gl;l khwhl;lNk epfo;e;jJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; %d;whk; gf;fk;> tpkh;rf tpf;fpufq;fs;> Kw;Nghf;F ,yf;fpak;> Vohz;L ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rp vd;W K.jthy; vOjg;gl;l fl;L iufs; Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsh;fs; Nghl;l $g;ghl;il mlf;fpaNjhL ,itgw;wp vJTk; njhpahJ jho;Tr; rpf;fypy; fple;j aho;tl;l vOj;jhsh;fSf;Fk; xU epkph;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,f;fhyq;fspy; khh;f;rpa tpkh;rdk; rk;ge;jkhd V.N[My; vOjg;gl;l tpkh;r dq;fs; Kw;Nghf;F jiyikfshy; fz;L nfhs;sg;g lhky; ,Ue;jd. ,tw;wpd; kj;jpapNyNa gz;ilj; jkpoh; tho;Tk; topghLk; vd;w f.ifapd; E}y;ntspt UfpwJ. ,ijj; njhlh;eJ ; rptj;jk;gp> f.if MfpNahh; njhlh;e;J E}y;fis ntspapLfpd;wdh;. ,tw;Wf;Fg; gpd;dh;. vk;.V.E/khd; khh;f;rpa topepd;W vOjpa E}y;fs; gy ,sk; guk;giuapdUf;F nghpJk; cjtp As;sd. NkYk; ,uz;lhapukhz;L <oj;Jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tsh;r;rp vd;w jiyg;gpy; vk;.V.E/khd;> rpj;jpuNyfh> nksdFU MfpNahh; $l;lhf vOjpa E}y;> K.jisarpq;fk;> k`hftp MfpNahiuAk; cs;slf;fpa fhuzj;Jf;fhf f.ifapd; fz;bg;Gf;F cs;shfpw;W. ‘‘,ij ePq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; ,J vq;Nf Ngha; KbAk; vd;W njhpAkh?’’ vd;W mth; rpde;JNgrpaJ (miy 1980 gq;Fdp) mtuJ mDjhgpfshd ,e;E}yhrphpah;fisAk; mnrsfhpaj;jpw; Fs;shf;fpw;W. ,jpypUe;J ghh;f;Fk; NghJ Kw;Nghf;F gpjhkfh; f.if. xU MNuhf;fpakhd tpkh;rd Xl;lj;ijg; Ngztply;iy vd;gJ njhpfpwJ. xUtpj ZIG – ZAG KiwapNyNa nrd;wpUe;jJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; tpkh;rdj;Jiwapy; vdJ gq;fspg;Gk; fzprkhdJ. ‘<oj;J ,yf;fpa cyfpy; K.nghtpd; gq;fspg;igj; jtph;j;J ahUk; kjpg;gpl KbahJ’ vd;W (rhpepfhpy; 1999 [{d;) vk;.u`{g; vOjpajw;F xg;g ehDk; mwpKf tpkh;rdk;> tpkh;rdk;> Ma;Tepiyg;gl;;l tpkh;rdk;> vjph;tpid tpkh;rdk; vd;w Kiwapy; vKjpAs;Nsd;. ,t; tpkh;rdj; njhFg;G jpwdha;tpd; Gjpa jpirfs; vd;w jiyg;gpy; tpiutpy; ntsptu cs;sJ.

36 R.tpy;tuj;jpdj;Jld; cq;fSf;F ,Ue;j njhlh;Gfs; gw;wpf; $Wq;fs;. Nehapy; ,Uj;jy; (,uz;lhk; ghfk;) ehtypYk; mz;ikapy; ntspte;j vdJ rpWfijahd ifJnra;ag;gl;l fpuhkj;jpYk; vkf;fpilNa ,Ue;j rpy cwtpd; jd;ikfs; ntspte;Js;sd.

jd;idj; jhd; czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhd cs;shh;e;j NjlYf;fhd vj;jdpg;Gj;jhd; Md;kPfk; rhh;e;J gilg;Gyfpy; ,aq;Ftjhf mikAk;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; <oj;Jg; gilg;G ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,aq;fptUgth; vd;fpw mbg;gilapy; Nfl;fpNwd;;: cq;fis ePq;fs; czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhd cs;shh;e;j Njlypy; vt;tsT J}uk; Kd;efh;e;jpUg;gjhff; fUJfpwPh;fs;? Md;kPfhPjpahf jd;id czh;jy; vd;gjpy; Kd;efh;jy; gpd;efh;jy; vd;w xd;wpy;iy. vq;Fkha; ,Ug;gJ Self realized state xd;Nw. mjpy; jhd; ehdpUf;fpNwd;. ePq;f Sk; ,Uf;fpwPhf ; s;. ,J Ntwhf ,Ug;gjhf epidg;gJ jhd;> vdf;Fk; cq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ,ilntsp.

cz;ikapy; 2009 Nk khjj;jpw;Fg;gpd; Nghh; Xa;e;J tpl;ljh? ,f; fhyg;gFjpf;Fg; gpd;ghf cs;s epiyikfis vt;thW kjpg;gPL nra;fpwPh;fs;? Nghhpy; <Lgl;ljhfr; nrhy;yg;gl;l ‘Gj;jp[Ptpfs;’ ,g;Ngh mjw;F vjpuhd kWghjpfis fhl;bf; nfhz;b Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,aq;fpay; gw;wp ed;F Ghpe;jtd; Nghh; vj;jidNah jsq;fspy; njhlh;e;J nfhz;bUg;gij nka;Ashf vOjyhk;. ehk; xt;nthUtUk; utopia is the most real possible of all real possibilities vd;gijj; njhpe;jpUg;gJ ey;yJ.

mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; <oj;jpd; Gidfijg; Nghf;Ffspy; ftdpg;igg; ngWk; VjhtJ gpujp cq;fshy; ,dq;fhz Kbfpwjh? mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; r.,uhftdpd; fijfs; vd; ghh;itf;Ff; fpl;bd. gy;tifahd Nrhjidfis mth; nra;Js;shh;. Nfs;tpj;jhs; tbtpyhd fijapy; ,d;iwa muirg; gw;wpa mq;fjk; kpf mUik ahfNt ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. kw;wJ kDGj;jpudpd;; vOj;Jyfk; aho; gy;fiyf; fof tl;lj;jpy; gy mjph;Tfis Vw;gLj;jpaJ mjd; r%fg; ngWkhdkhFk;. jpNruhtpd; ‘Vtptplg;gl;l Nga;’ vdf;Fg; G+uzkhfg; gbf;ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; gbj;j gFjpfs; ed;wha; ,Ue;jd. ,th;fspd; fijfis Nfhzq;fpapd; fijfNshL khwhl;lk; nra;af; $lhJ. ,t;tpU jug;gpdhplKk; extreme Md Nghf;Fz;L

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Nfhzq;fpapd; extreme Nghf;F fhyj;jpd; jpUj;j Ntiyf;FhpaJ. ,uhftd;> jpNruh MfpNahh; jhNk rpe;jpj;J ,d;Ndhh; %d;whe; jsj;jpw;F cauyhk;. mJ mtuth; cs;Szh;itg; nghWj;jJ. ‘kDGj;jpudpd; vOj;Jyfk;’ vLj;j Fwpf;Nfhs; Vida cg fijfshy; gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W nrhy;NthUk; cz;L. jhf;Fg;gl;lth;fs; mt; cg fijfisf; fhl;b jkf;Fupa Nfhzj;jpy; fhl;l Kd;tuyhk; mtw;iw NtNwhh; jdpj; fijapy; ghtpj;jpUe;jhy; ngUntw;wp Vw;gl;bUf;Fk;. my;yJ ,it midj;ijAk; xU ehtyhfNt vOjpapUf;fyhk;.

9/11 jhf;Fjiy ikag;gLj;jp ‘nghwpapy; mfg;gl;l Njrk;’ vOjpdPu;fs;. 2009 Nk khjk; mstpy; <oj;jkpopdj;ijNa Ngutyj;Jf;Fs; tPo;j;jpa $l;Lf; nfhLQ;nray; gw;wp VJk; vOJk; vz;zKz;lh? vOjpdhy; mJNt vdJ Ambitious Mf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;. gyjlit Kad;Wk; VNdh Kd;Ndw Kbatpy;iy. xU inspired Md epiy Vw;gl;lhy; xU nrhw;g Neuj;jpw;Fs;Sk; mJ KbTwyhk;.

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kpdp fhiyapNyNa te;Jtpl;bUe;jhd;. mtd; vdJ rpq;fs ez;gd;. xU khjj;jpw;F ehd;F Ie;J jlitahtJ vd;idr; re;jpf;f vdJ miwf;F tUthd;. md;Wk; mg;gbj;jhd; xU tUif. mtd; Kfk; ntSg;Ngwp ,Ue;jJ. nfhQ;rk; nkype;jpUe;jhd;. mtid epidj;jhNy nkypTjhd; epidTf;F tUk;. Mdhy; md;W me;j nkyptpy; $Ljyhd mOj;jk;. fhuzk; xU FJ}fyKk; ,y;yhky; tPlL ; f;Fs;NsNa milgl;Lf; fp;le;jhdhk;. $lit Njitf;F mjpfkhf Gj;jfq;fisAk; thrpj;jhdhk;. te;jTlNdNa vdf;F vjpNuapUe;j <rpnrahpy; clk;ig tsh;j;jptpl;L Kfl;ilg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz; bUe;jhd;. rpwpJ Neuk; nksdk;.

'gpwF kr;rhd;|| ehd;jhd; kPz;Lk; fijiaj; njhlq;fpNdd;. ,e;jKiw nfhQ;rk; $Ljyhfj;jhd; tPl;by; jq;fptpl;lha;> vd;d?” mtd; nrhd;dijNajhd; Nfs;tpahff; Nfl;Nld;> fhuzj;ijawpa.

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miuehs;

“,q;F tUtjw;F fhrpy;iy mjdhy; epd;W tpl;Nld;” mtd; gjpy; nrhd;dhd;.”; kPz;Lk; nksdk;. “B Fbf;fg; NghNthkh?” ehd; nksdj;ijf; fiyj;Jf;nfhz;Nl rpq;fsj;jpy; Nfl;Nld; “jw;]; V Fl; Ibah> kr;rhd;” Mq;fpyj;jpy; tpisahl;lhf MNkhjpj;jhd;. ,UtUk; ntspNa ntspf;fpl;Nlhk;. njUtpy; fhyb itj;jNghJ mtd; fhw; rl;ilg; igf;Fs; ifiag; Nghl;l tz;zk;> ,uz;L FjpfisAk; cah;j;jpatdha; ',];" vd;W ehf;if ,Oj;jhd;> gpwF vd;idg; Nghy xUtd; ,Ug; ghdh?” vd;whd; mikjp ,oe;jtdha;. “vd;d tp~ak;?” “fz;lf;lhplk; Ie;J &ghitf; nfhLj;J tpl;L kpr;rr;ry;ypia thq;fhky; kwe;J Ngha; te;Jtpl;Nld;. ,d;NwhL ,g;gb %d;W jlit: ehd; xU Kl;lhs;;” mtd; jd;idNa jpl;bf; nfhz;lhd;. “mg;Ngh vd;d nra;ayhk;?” “xUf;fhy; g];uhz;Lf;F Xbtpl;L ,d;Dk; me;j g]; vq;Fk; NghapUf;fhJ”

tUNthk;

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115

xU jpwpNwh]]; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. $lNt mijg; gw;witf;f xUrpd;d tpsf;ifAk; nfhz;L te;J itj;jhd;. me;j rpd;d tpsf;Ff;F rpkpdp ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mJ xU Mokhd ngl;bf;Fs; mjpfg; gbahfj; Jz;btplg;gl;L tise;J tise;J vhpe;jJ. rpful;Lf;Fk; gpisapd; Bf;F Neh;e;j fjp. ghjpghjp!

“mq;if ghNud;> gz;lh gLk;ghl;il!” jpBnudf; fhkpdp vq;fs; mikjpiaf; fiyj;Jf; nfhz;Nl fj;jpdhd;. mtd; Rl;bf;fhl;ba jpirapy; ghh;itia tpl;Nld;. vq;fSf;Fj; njhpe;j Mrphpah; xUth; if epiwag; ghh;ry;fNshL M];gj;jphpf;Fg; NghFk; g];]}f;Ff; fpA+tpy; epd;Wnfhz;bUe;jhh;.

“gLKl;lhs;jdkhf vhpfpwJ” vd;whd; fhkpdp rpful;ilg; gw;witj;Jtpl;L> vhpe;j tpsf;ifr; Rl;bf;fhl;b. mjpy; xU eifr;Rit Nyrhf epd;wJ.

“M];gj;jphpapy;mtDila kidtp gpurtj;J f;fha; tplg;gl;bUf;fpwhs;> ,td; mq;F Nghfpwhd;” vd;W $wptpl;L mtd; Nyrhff; rphpj;jhd;.

“mJ xU fiof;$j;jhb khjphp” vd;Nwd; ehd;.

“,tDf;Nfd; ,e;j mt];ij? fhRs;std; lhf;]papy; NghfyhNk?” ehd; gjpiy vjph;ghh;f; fhkNy Nfl;Nld;.

“,y;iy ahNuh mdhtrpakhfj;jd; nfl;bj dj;ij tpsk;gugLj;jtJNghy; ,Uf;fpwJ..... vdf;F vhpr;ry;jhd; tUFJ” vd;wtd; Mj;jpuj;NjhL mij Cjp mizj;jhd;. ehd; rpupj;Njd;. vdf;F mij czuKbe;jJ. Mdhy; tpsf;F nrj;Jk; kz;nz;z;nza; Gifapd; Fikr;ry; vk;ik tQ;rk; jPh;j;Jf; nfhz;lJ. vOe;J N`hl;ly; Kd;Nkirf;F te;jNghJ “rj;jh`raha; khj;ijah” vd;wFuy; gpd;dhy; Nfl;lJ. vq;fSf;Fg; ghpkhwpa igadpy; Fuy;. “Kjyhsp> fzf;if vOjpitAq;fs;> gpwF jhwd;” vd;Nwd;. “Ke;jpAk; nfhQ;rk; ,Uf;F” vd;whh; mth;. “vy;yhj;ijAk; Nrh;j;J jhwd;” vd;W ehd; $wpa NghJ mth; Kfk;> xU gf;fk; ePz;L NfhzyhfpaJ. rhpahfg; 12 kzpf;F ehq;fs; kPz;Lk; g]; epiyaj;Jf;Fg; NghNdhk;. ,jq;nfhil apypUe;J me;jg; g]; ,d;Dk; tutpy;iy. mYt yfj;jpy; ,Ue;jth;fs; nrhd;dhh;fs;. me;j mYt yfj;jpd; Fl;br;Rth;fspy; iffis Kl;Lf; nfhL j;J Kfj;ijj; jhq;fpagb vjpNu fyfyg;gha; fple;j g]; epiyaj;ijg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;L epd;Nwhk;. mq;Fk; ,q;Fkhf rpw;ghf;Ff NshL Mlth;fspd; elkhl;lk;. rpy ,lq;fspy; f;fpA+ thpirfs; rspe;Jk; rilj;Jk; Ml;fspd; Nghf;Ff;F Vw;wNjhw;wk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;b Ue;jJ. miu Neuj;NjhL %lg;gLk; gs;spf;$l khzt khztpfs;> jpBnud vq;fpUe;Njh gilna Lj;jth;fsha;> g];fis Nehf;fpg; ge;jak; gpbj;jth;fs;Nghy; Xbf;nfhz;bUe;jdh;. xUtpj tpLgl;l ghh;itapy; vy;yhNk igj;jp af;fhuj; jdkhfg;gl;lJ.

“,g;gjhd; gpwpkpl;bt; mf;fpAkpNy~d; (Muk;gr; Nrfhpg;G) elf;FJ. mjdhy; mt];ijg;gLfp whd;.” fhkpdp gjpy; nrhd;dhd;. ehd; rphpj;Njd;. Mdhy; vdJ rphpg;igAk; Nktpf; nfhz;L ,d;ndhU rphpg;G vdf;F mz;ikapy; Nfl;lJ. ehd; vdJ ghh;itia mUfpOj;Njd;. vjpNu xU khztp> rphpg;Ngha;e;j Kfj;NjhLjdJ Njhopf;F iffhl;btpl;L ele;Jnfhz;bUe;jhs;. “fhkpdp mNjh uhzp Nghfpwhs;” vd;Nwd;>

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vjpNu iffhl;btpl;Lg; Nghdtisf; fhl;b. “ve;j uhzp?” mts;”

“vq;fNshL rptndhspghj kiyf;F te;jhNs>

“X mtsh! $g;gpld;;” “$g;gpl;L vd;d gad;> nfhLg;gjw;F vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ? mJTk; ,e;j Neuj;jpy;” ehd; $wpNdd;. fhkpdp rphpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl mtspd; gpd;Gwj; ijg; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;L epd;Wtpl;Lr; nrhd;dhd;. “bf;fp mghukhf ,Uf;fpwJ.” ehq;fs; fhj;jpUe;j ,jq;nfhilf;Fg; Nghap Ue;j g]; xUgbahf te;J Nrh;e;jJ. md;W tof;fj;Jf;F khwhf Rzf;fk;. 12.15f;F tuNtz;baJ rhpahf 1.15f;F te;jJ. mNj fz;lf;lh;jhdhk;. fhkpdp fz;lf;lhplk; tp~aj;ij tpsf;fpaNghJ mtd; xUf; fhy; new;wpiar; fopjJ ; tplL ; gpwF xg;Gf;nfhz;lhd;. mtdplk; kpFjpg; gzj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L efupd; eLg; gFjpf;F te;jNghJ Neuk; ,uz;lf;F Nky;Mfptpl;lJ. tapw;iwg; grpepug;gpaJ. tof;fkhd vq;fs; Bf;f ilf;Fs; Eioe;Njhk;. ,Uth; rhg;gplf; $ba xU &gh rhg;ghL mq;Nfjhd; cz;L. Mdhy; ehq;fs; Neuj;ijj; jg;gtpl;ljhy; NrhW fhypahfpapUe;jJ. kj;jpahdKk; ghz; rhg;gpLtjw;F ,d;Dk; gapw;wg;gl tpy;iy. gioa gof;fk; ,d;Dk; nfhQ;rk; xl;bf; nfhz;Ljhd; ,Ue;jJ. mLj;j filf;Fg; NghNdhk;. mq;Fk; mg;gb. ,d;ndhU filapy; <f;fspd; 'nqha;" vd;w ,iur;ry;. filgpRgpRj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. jpUk;gpNdhk;. vq;fSf;F vjpNu nfhQ;rk; gir As;sth; fSf;Fhpa N`hl;ly; xd;W mUe;jJ. vq;fs; ifapypUe;j ehd;F &ghtpd; ijhpaj;NjhL mq;F NghNdhk;. rhg;ghl;il jtpu kw;wit vy;yhk; trjpaha; ,Ue;jd. rhg;ghL Kba vjpNu jl;by; itf;fg; ngl;bUe;j gok; xd;iw vLj;J mtd; chpj;jhd;. “mJ Nfhsp$l;Lg; gok;” vr;rhpj;Njd; ehd;. “,y;iy Gspthio” vd;whd; mtd; “,y;iy mJ ed;whfg; gOf;fhjjhy; cdf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy. fbj;Jg;ghh; njhpAk;” vd;Nwd; ehd;. “tPzhf ,UgJrjk; fhyp” Kfj;ijr; Ropjj ; hd;.

“ftiyg;glhNj” vd;W ehd; $wpaNghJ vq;fSf;Fr; rw;Wj;njhiytpy; G+l;]; fhy;fs; rg; jpf;Fk; Xh; cUtk; njhpe;jJ. ehd; epkph;eJ ; ghh;jN ; jd;. me;j cUtk; vq;fisg; ghh;j;J tpl;Lf; fhzhjJ Nghy; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gpf; nfhz;lJ. Mdhy; ehd; tpltpy;iy. mtid milahsq; fz;l nfhz;L Ntz;Lnkd;Nw “`Nyh yk;ngl;” vd;W fj;jpNdd;.

mtd; vq;fs; gf;fk; jpUk;gp Nahrpg;gtd; Nghy; ghrhq;F nra;Jtpl;L mg;NghJjhd; vq;fis milah sq; fz;Lnfhs;gtd; Nghy; “`Nyh!” vd;W Nghyp ahfr; rphpj;Jf;nfhz;L mUNf te;jhd;. “th kr;rhd; th> fd fhyj;Jf;Fg; gpwF” vd;W $wpf;nfhz;Nl fhkpdp mtid mUNf mkuitj;jhd;. mtd; kpFe;j mnrsfhpaj;NjhL Rw;Wk; Kw;Wk; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl cl;fhh;e;jhd;. yk;ngl; vq;fNshL gs;spapy; gbj;jtd;. Xh; gpugy Njapiyj;Njhl;lr; nrhe;jf;fhud;. “B Fbg; Nghkh?” vd;WNfl;l mtd; Fuypy; xU mtruk; epd;wJ. “,y;iy> ,g;NghJjhd; rhg;gpl;Nlhk;> GWl; ryl; vd;why; ey;yha; ,Uf;Fk” vd;whd; fhkpdp rpwp Jk; ftiyapy;yhky;. vJtpj Ngr;Rkpy;yhky; ,uz;L GWl;ryl;Lf;Fk; jdf;F xU Bf;Fk; Xlh; nfhLj;jhd;. $lNt rpful;LfSk; tutiof;fg;gl;ld. fhkpdp vd;idg; ghh;j;Jf; fz;izf; fhl;b dhd;. ehd; tp~kkhfr; rphpj;Njd;. Biag; gUfpa yk;ngl; Nky; tpopfshy; vq;fis Nehf;fpdhd;. vq;fs; cilAk; Njhw;wKk; mtid MWjyha; ,Uf;ftpl tpy;iy vd;gJ mtdJ %f;F Edpapd; Jbg;gpy; njhpe;jJ. ehd; Nrh;l; mzpe;J rhuk; cLj;jpapUe;Njd;. fhkpdp Nth;it Vwpa Nrl;Lk; kq;fw; fhy;rl;ilAkha; Fe;jpapUe;jhd;. yk;ngl;bd; mnrsfhpaj;ij urpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ehk; GWl;ryl; mUe;jpNdhk;. rpful;il gw;witj;j NghJ vq;fs; gpy;iyf; nfhz;Lte;J itj;jhd; Nrh;th;. vq;fsJ rhg;ghl;Lf; Fkhf ,uz;L gpy; ,Ue;jJ. ,uz;L gpy;iyAk; yk;ngl;Nl vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. mtw;Wf;Fhpa gzj; ijf; fl;batd; jhkjpf;ftpy;iy. “vdf;nfhU mtru khd tp~ak;” vd;W $wpf; nfhz;L ntspNawpatd; fhhpNy Ngha;tpl;lhd;. “vg;gb jpUg;jpah?” vd;Nwd; ehd; fhkpdpiag; ghh;j;J. “yk;gl;Lk; mth;fs; rk;gpujhaq;fSk;” vd;W gfpb gz;zpatd;> “,dp ,uT rhg;ghl;Lf;F ftiy apyiy” vd;whd; mNj cw;rhfj;NjhL “mjw;Fk; ,d;ndhU yk;gl;fpilg;ghd;” vd;Nwd; ehd; mtd; rphpj;jhd;. “,g;gbNa vy;yh yk;gl;LfisAk; rhg;gpl;Ltplyhk;”. ntspNa te;jNghJ nta;apy; nfhSj;jpf; (1964) (1970 ky;ypifapy; ntspte;jJ) nfhz;bUe;jJ.