P&H Engineering – Q4 2024

DRIVING AMBITION

Find the right van for your business

TAKING AIM

THE POWER OF PRECISION

Measuring water flow rate and pressure

HOW WE CAN HELP CONSUMERS DECARBONISE THEIR HOMES AND SUPPORT THE UK’S NET ZERO TARGETS

The new directory for CIPHE members

Welcome

AS THE government’s net zero target moves ever closer, the barriers to the introduction of low-carbon heating technologies are yet to be properly addressed by Labour. In our roundtable feature (p18), members of the plumbing and heating industry share their views on what needs to be done to move forward with the transition. These include the need for clear and consistent policies from government, increasing the number of skilled workers and greater incentives for homeowners.

With the number of new apprenticeships falling year-on-year, this issue’s Education feature discusses the value of apprenticeships and how the government, industry and schools can increase interest in careers in plumbing and heating. P&HE also hears from Diss High about how the school approaches apprenticeships and vocational careers (p34).

For many, getting from A to Z with tools and materials would be impossible without a trusty van. Our guide to work vehicles explains all the options to ensure you can make an informed choice (p16).

SARAH WELSH Editor

pandhengineering @jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

Editor Sarah Welsh Project manager Lizzie Hufton

Design and production manager Christina Richmond

Publisher James Houston

Published by James Pembroke Media, 90 Walcot Street, Bath BA1 5BG Tel 01225 337777

Advertising sales Bevan Fawcett, 0203 198 3092 bevan.fawcett@jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering (CIPHE) Saxon House, 27 Duke Street, Chelmsford CM1 1HT Tel 01708 472791

Contents

FEATURES

16 Drive time

Finding the right vehicle for your business

18 Mind the gap

Industry voices discuss the obstacles to decarbonising British heat systems

24 Manifesto: Education

Why tighter rules are needed for training

28 Project focus

A thermal spring project in Taff's Well

48 International Upgrading the Silicon Valley sewer system

REGULARS

5 From the CEO

Kevin Wellman on new developments since the return of Parliament

Membership Founded in 1906, the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering (CIPHE) is the professional body for the UK plumbing and heating industry. Membership is made up of consultants, specifiers, designers, public health engineers, lecturers, trainers, trainees and practitioners. The CIPHE has a membership of 7,500, including over 150 manufacturers and distributors. The majority of members live in the UK, although over 1,500 are residents in Hong Kong. The CIPHE is a member of the Construction Industry Council

6 Frontline

Have your say on the next CIPHE President, industry news and more

14 Meet the member

Award-winning engineer Craig Gilhome

34 Education

How can we recruit more apprentices?

38 The Fix: Hot water systems

The importance of monitoring water temperature, plus your CPD questions

44 Membership

Introducing a new business listing service for CIPHE members

47 Products

Innovations big and small

50 Wellbeing

Protecting yourself from biohazards

and a licensed member of the Engineering Council. Subscriptions P&H Engineering is the magazine for the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering, containing technical articles, latest industry news and environmental and educational updates.

It is published four times a year and sent free to members. Annual subscription for non-member £80 Annual subscription for overseas non-member £100 To join CIPHE, email tims@ciphe.org.uk

KEVIN WELLMAN Chief executive officer

kevinw@ciphe.org.uk

BUILD YOUR SKILLS

To enrol for our low-temperature heating course, scan this QR code:

• Enter your postcode

• Select Renewables Sector

• Select LCL Awards Level 3 Award in Low Temperature Heating and Hot Water Systems in Dwellings

Members get the accompanying training guide at a discounted price and a voucher for a reduction in your next membership renewal. Call 01708 463 116 for more information.

“We must prepare for the changes that will impact our industry”

From mandatory water labels to 3D projects, 2025 promises to be another eventful year, says Kevin Wellman

DURING THE pre-election period, communications with parliamentarians and civil servants were put on hold. After the new government was announced, there then was a flurry of activity for the new MPs. However, it took some weeks for communications with civil servants to be resumed as they needed to brief newly elected ministers.

Business has been restored and there are a number of things that will impact our industry.

The newly re-written and greatly expanded Heating section for the CIPHE Plumbing Engineering Services Design Guide will be published as a standalone publication, and it will likely be referenced in the revised Part L of the Building Regulations.

Government is pursuing the implementation of a mandatory water label, which it is signalling could be introduced later on in 2025.

In addition, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) is keen to mandate low-temperature training. I commend those 2,000 installers and designers who have already attended the CIPHE/LCL Awards low temperature qualification. If you haven’t yet booked on to a course, I urge you to do so without delay.

Other developments within CIPHE will be expanded upon in due course, such as a new heating diploma and a public health engineering course for those working on NHS Estates.

In a collaboration with a number of our Industrial Associates, CIPHE has been working on an innovative 3D project featuring a home plumbing and heating system that will be rolled out to colleges

and Approved Training Centres. So many of our activities are funded through the contributions made via your membership fees, so I want to say a huge thank you for your support and to advise you to watch this space for news on other 3D projects throughout 2025.

Impressive skills

It would be remiss of me not to acknowledge and commend Ruben Duggan on winning the silver award at WorldSkills Lyon 2024. I was fortunate to attend the event and witnessed the high calibre of work by representatives from all over the world, and Ruben’s achievement was exceptional.

I am so pleased to have met a number of our early career members whose enthusiasm for the industry is incredibly uplifting. It is particularly encouraging to hear of their aspirations to give back to the industry and support the Institute’s work. If you would like to know how you can contribute, please contact Tim Sainty, membership director: tims@ciphe.org.uk

Ruben Duggan on winning the silver award at WorldSkills Lyon 2024

FRONTLINE

ALL THAT’S HAPPENING IN PLUMBING AND HEATING

Call for nominations

Choose the next President and Vice President of the Institute

THE CIPHE IS CALLING for nominations for the posts of President and Vice President, for the year 2025 – 2026 in accordance with the Institute’s Byelaws. In addition, nominations are invited for a Voting Member Trustee to serve on the Board of Trustees for four years (2025 – 2029).

Nominations are required for:

• President of the Institute

• Vice President of the Institute

• Voting Member Trustee

Only the Voting Member will be a member of the Board of Trustees, the composition of which is set out in Byelaw 24.

Written nominations in the prescribed form must be submitted to the CIPHE Honorary Company Secretary no later than 31 January 2025 by a Voting Member, by a Branch or by the Board of Trustees. The nomination papers include the requirement to provide a short resumé and a good quality photograph; a signed declaration from the nominee of his or her willingness to serve, if elected; and in respect of a Trustee appointment an acknowledgement of awareness of, and acceptance to adhere to, the roles and responsibilities of Charitable Trustees. For a nomination form, as well as information about the roles and

responsibilities of Trustees, please apply to:

CIPHE Honorary Company Secretary, Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering, Saxon House, 27 Duke Street, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1HT

The CIPHE’s Annual General Meeting will take place on Wednesday 25 June 2025 at which the results of the elections will be announced.

A copy of this text is available from Head Office; please contact Lizzi Lake on 01708 463115 or email elizabethl@ciphe.org.uk

CIPHE

The deadline for written nominations is 31 January 2025

Grant UK partners with New College Swindon

GRANT UK HAS JOINED New College Swindon’s Careers Extra Programme, o ering opportunities and experiences beyond the classroom to students who have an interest in the plumbing and heating sector.

The programme enables students to attend careers and networking events while also opening up opportunities for work experience, industry placements and employer workshops.

In June 2023, a group of plumbing and heating students from New College Swindon visited Grant UK’s Training Academy to learn more about air source heat pumps. Grant UK has since been working closely with the

College, delivering additional training to students while also providing equipment to the campus.

In June this year, several more student groups visited the Training Academy for tailored training. As before, sessions were divided into theory and practical training, giving students the opportunity to learn about air source heat pumps, low temperature heating systems and heat pump installations.

During the practical training, the students were able to get hands-on with the product, to see the internal workings of a heat pump and its core accessories. Some students also attended a training session on solar thermal hot water systems.

“The relationship we have started to build with Grant UK will be invaluable, not only now but in the future,” said Wayne Eggleton, plumbing lecturer at New College Swindon. “We are incredibly thankful to all of the trainers who allowed our students to visit the Training Academy. We are also looking forward to installing Grant products at our premises over the next academic year.”

Heat pump cashback scheme

Baxi has announced its first air source heat pump (ASHP) cashback promotion, which will run until 6 January 2025. Baxi heat pump installers can claim £600 cashback for their first three Baxi ASHP installations – up to £1,800 in total.

The company hopes the scheme will incentivise more installers to develop the skills that will ensure homeowners benefit from quality heat pump installations, helping the UK meet its net-zero targets.

All installers who qualify as a Baxi heat pump installer and complete an assisted commission with a Baxi commissioning engineer on their first installation will be eligible to claim the cashback.

Installers can sign up for one of Baxi’s ASHP training programmes, which also grants them an initial three-month Carno licence. The licence makes it easier for heating engineers to install heat pump systems, helping them quickly prequalify customers and streamlining the heat loss calculation process.

Installers can also receive discounted rates for Abode Heat’s ‘Heat Pump Go’ MCS Umbrella service, which enables installers to access grant funding for homeowners. This simplifies the move into heat pump installations while also making projects more accessible to potential customers.

For more information, visit baxi.co.uk

Students have been learning about heat pumps at Grant UK’s Training Academy

Housing expert slams Grenfell failures

An academic from Birmingham City University’s (BCU) Centre for Future Homes has called for a united response from the UK housing industry to address failures outlined in the Grenfell Inquiry’s final report.

Professor Mike Leonard helped to set up a fire engineering degree apprenticeship in 2022 – the first of its kind in the UK – in the wake of the initial Grenfell report recommendations.

Seven years after the disaster he is still calling for the housing industry to do more, highlighting the “systemic failures of a construction sector driven by a race to the bottom, incompetence, very poor behaviour and inadequate regulation and control”.

He continued: “As we reflect on the loss of life, we must fully embrace the new legislation and e ect a major cultural change, putting life safety and quality first. Our buildings should be non-combustible and resilient to the e ects of climate change, including overheating, wind, flood and wildfires.

“BCU and the Awarding Body for the Built Environment will continue to work with industry to ensure people are competent in their roles and can demonstrate the right behaviours.”

Fuel poverty campaigners are urging landlords to replace ine cient electric heaters with heat pumps

FUEL POVERTY

Outdated electric heating causing fuel poverty

THE FUEL POVERTY charity National Energy Action (NEA) and Kensa, the ground source heat pump specialist, are calling for urgent action to help the millions of people in the UK who are trapped in fuel poverty as a result of outdated electric heating systems.

The NEA estimates that at least 13% of UK households are living in fuel poverty – a figure that jumps to almost a quarter for households relying on electric heating. The average fuel poverty gap – the extra income needed to not be fuel-poor – for those households is £857, more than double the national average of £417.

This gap is due to the ine ciency of direct electric heating, such as night storage heaters, and the rising cost of

electricity, which has jumped to 24.5p per kWh. As energy prices rise again this winter, electrically heated households could see annual heating costs close to £2,500 – significantly higher than the £1,717 cap for dual fuel homes set by Ofgem.

Kensa is encouraging social housing providers to use the financial support available through the government’s Warm Homes: Social Housing Fund, which replaces the Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund, to install better heating solutions in their properties. It says replacing ine cient electric heaters in the 250,000 social homes that still rely on them with networked heat pumps should help to protect residents from future energy price rises.

Plumbing partnership

Viessmann Climate Solutions has forged a partnership with national distributor APP Plumbing & Heating. This alliance brings immediate benefits to independent merchants, as they gain wide-scale access to Viessmann’s complete portfolio, including gas boilers, heat pumps and commercial heating solutions. The partnership also o ers nationwide next-day delivery and modern fulfilment services.

Downturn in environmental reporting

Research by the Copper Sustainability Partnership has found that more than half of the waste and recycling datasets published by the government were phased out under the Conservatives, falling by an average of 6% a year between 2010 and 2022.

The decline runs parallel to a slowdown in progress toward net-zero targets across a range of industries, with businesses now subject to less scrutiny from government.

With Labour emphasising its commitment to reducing waste and moving to a circular economy, campaigners are now calling on the new government to deliver on its promises and reinstate key environmental reports.

Accessing clean energy

CLEAN-TECH STARTUP Heatio has secured £2 million in investment, marking a significant milestone in its mission to make clean energy more accessible and a ordable.

Heatio’s home energy platform is designed to optimise and manage renewable technologies such as solar panels, heat pumps, EV chargers and batteries. Using AI and machine learning, the platform is also promising to provide tailored energy solutions based on the property type and how much energy households use.

SUSTAINABILITY

Calls to accelerate decarbonisation

A UK MANUFACTURER has expressed concerns that the government’s plan to reshape the energy market undermines investment in developers of low-carbon energy.

The government is considering an overhaul that could mean higher energy bills for those based further away from energy projects. However, there are fears that the plans could lead to lower earnings for some energy generators.

Kelly Becker, president of Schneider Electric UK&I, is calling for swift action and policies that support UK industry by accelerating decarbonisation.

“The UK must do all it can to support investment in low-carbon energy,” she

The investment will be used to expand the Heatio team, launch version two of the Heatio app and scale the onboarding process for new customers.

The money will also support Heatio’s delivery of two contracts within the Government’s Net Zero Innovation Portfolio. Working with E.ON and Energy Systems Catapult, Heatio will provide a new renewable technology subscription, Energy as a Service (EaaS), in a pilot contract for 350 homes in the North West.

Heatio is also working with Perenna Bank and Energy Systems Catapult to launch a long-term fixed-rate green mortgage that rewards homeowners with preferential rates for retrofitting their homes with low-carbon technologies.

Simon Roberts, CEO of Heatio, said: “When we launched two years ago, our priority was to help more consumers access green technology and reduce the use of fossil fuels to decarbonise their homes. Through this investment, we are moving closer to making that a reality.”

said. “It’s the linchpin to long-term and sustainable growth, and our industry has huge potential to harness the transformative power of the green economy.

“The forthcoming Industrial Strategy needs to assess and support the manufacturing and uptake of solutions that can immediately contribute to the decarbonisation and digital transformation of the UK economy and infrastructure.

“Many of these manufacturers are creating new, highly skilled jobs across the country that will help to supercharge local economies and maximise the UK’s competitive advantage globally. The new trade and investment opportunities this will bring will be critical to driving prosperity, helping the UK reach net zero, and setting the standard for sustainable growth globally.”

Heatio aims to make green energy more accessible

Landlords can now claim up to £15,000 for the installation of low-carbon heating solutions

SUSTAINABILITY

Support for heat batteries

THE INCLUSION of heat batteries in the Warm Homes: Social Housing Fund (WH:SHF) has been described as a “critical step forward in the UK’s shift towards sustainable heating” by Johan du Plessis, the founder and CEO of tepeo.

The government’s WH:SHF (formerly the Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund) aims to upgrade the social housing stock and social housing providers can now claim up to £15,000 per property for the installation of low-carbon heating solutions.

This latest move follows previous support from a group of cross-party MPs and industry leaders, calling for heat batteries for central heating to be recognised as an Energy Saving Material (ESM) – a designation that would make them

eligible for VAT relief, further reducing costs for customers.

Tepeo manufactures the ZEB, a smart low-carbon alternative to traditional fossil-fuel boilers. The ZEB uses electricity to store heat during o -peak periods, typically at night when energy is cheaper and greener, which can then be used on-demand. It is also an alternative for the 20% of UK homes that cannot install heat pumps.

“The next logical step would be for the government to provide VAT relief on heat battery technologies, which would make these solutions even more a ordable, giving customers more choice as to how they heat their home,” added du Plessis. “With our new flexible finance options, we are ensuring more households can a ord to switch to low-carbon heating.”

New heat pump training courses

GRANT UK’S TRAINING Academy in Swindon is o ering two new free heat pump training courses.

The Aerona 290 Air Source Heat Pump course covers the construction and operation of the new Aerona 290 heat pump. Alongside unit specification and performance, the course also covers the Aerona Smart Controller, electrical wiring, control system configuration, installation, commissioning and servicing as well as fault finding. The one-day course, which combines theory with hands-on training, also covers safe practice and protective zones when working with R290 refrigerant.

The one-day Grant Air Source Heat Pump System Design course provides training for domestic heating and renewable installers on the basics of system design for Grant heat pumps. Installers will learn about heat loss calculations, heat pump selection, emitter sizing and selection, pipe sizing and pressure loss calculation, system types, and sound level calculation for MCS020. The course focuses on system design and includes worked examples for installers to transfer their theory learning into practice in the classroom.

Grant UK is also o ering a one-day Grant Aerona³ Air Source Heat Pump Installer course, based on the content of the previous Aerona³ two-day module. The course will cover heat pump construction, principles of operation, wiring and controller settings as well as installation, commissioning and servicing.

For more information, visit www.grantuk.com/professional/ training TRAINING

Increase in tool theft

A NEW SURVEY by the plumbing and heating association SNIPEF has found that 68% of tradespeople have fallen victim to tool theft, with increasing incidents occurring not only on-site and from vans but also within their homes.

Conducted in July, the survey of 700 SNIPEF members revealed that tool theft had become a routine challenge rather than a sporadic issue for two thirds of the respondents. Its impact was substantial, with 63% experiencing significant disruptions to their business operations, 37% facing increased insurance premiums, and 32% dealing with project delays due to thefts.

Moreover, 63% of respondents have witnessed the resale of stolen tools at car boot sales, pubs and market stalls, underscoring the urgent need for stricter

regulatory measures in these areas.

Fiona Hodgson, chief executive of SNIPEF, expressed dismay at the findings: “These findings are shockingly clear and deeply concerning. With two thirds of our members reporting routine tool theft, this is no longer an isolated issue but a systemic problem that severely impacts our industry.

“I am currently engaging with other trade associations and professional bodies to explore the formation of a task force to collectively address this issue. I have also written to both Westminster and devolved governments, urging them to take immediate action and implement a ban on second-hand tool sales at informal venues. It is crucial that we close these security gaps to safeguard the livelihoods of our tradespeople.”

Networking event

The young member committee of CIPHE-HKB, CIBSE-YEN, ASHREA Hong Kong Chapter and HKIE-YMC, organised a night of fun, networking and learning at a sake tasting event.

The guests sampled four distinct types of sake, while the host expertly explained the nuances of each, from the crisp and refreshing Junmai to the robust and earthy Junmai Daiginjo.

The event not only taught the participants the nuances of sake, but presented the opportunity to network with young professionals from various industries. The cross-institute collaboration brought together a diverse group of individuals in an event that blended education, networking and humour.

Tool theft is on the rise and it’s having a significant impact on businesses

CIPHEHK

“I started out as a jobbing plumber and went on to run sites”

The experience that Craig Gilhome has garnered throughout his decades in the P&H industry has resulted in him running his own successful business

STUDYING TRADITIONAL SUBJECTS such as maths and English didn’t come easily to Craig Gilhome. Like 10% of the population, he has dyslexia, which makes it di cult for him to process and remember information. However, when it came to practical tasks, Craig thrived.

“My parents suggested that I go into a trade,” he recalls. “I loved solving problems, so I chose plumbing and heating engineering.”

Craig enrolled on a two-year Youth Training Scheme (YTS), just shy of his 16th birthday. The course, managed by the Manpower Services Commission, provided on-the-job training for school leavers. Alongside this, Craig also earned a City & Guilds Craft and Advanced Craft qualification at Newcastle College, working for a local plumber.

“As an apprentice I was given a variety of jobs, bending pipes and installing washbasins and toilets,” he recalls. “In college, we did a lot of practical work like fitting pipes in a mock-up house. Knowing how expensive materials are now, I imagine apprentices don’t have as much hands-on experience.”

Career progression

Shortly after completing his apprenticeship aged 21, Craig started work at M Wilson Plumbing & Heating in Hexham. He worked on gas, oil and solid fuel heating systems, and also did some building work, such as creating oil tank bases.

“I worked with M Wilson for a decade on a range of projects – from country estates to new developments,” explains Craig. “I started out as a

jobbing plumber and went on to run sites, working unaided for months on end.”

Craig then worked for a fireplace showroom installing gas fireplaces, before moving to Simpson & Gregg, where he fitted boilers, radiators and bathrooms into new-build houses.

Going it alone

Craig’s experience running sites for his previous employer, and the fact that he was being asked to do work for other companies, gave him the confidence to start his own business in 2003.

“At the time I was buying a house, and my wife Suzanne and I were expecting our first child,” explains Craig. “I was at a crossroads and it felt like the right time to go it alone.”

It wasn’t easy though. Craig worked 80 to 90 hours a week for the first three or four years, never turning down work and trying to build a reputation.

“Who will be carrying out manual work in 20 years’ time if there aren’t enough people entering the heating and plumbing industry?”

CRAIG GILHOME

Craig is a multiaward-winning plumbing and heating engineer with over three decades of experience in the sector.

Craig opted for a career in plumbing and heating engineering because he loves solving problems

Suzanne does all the administration work for the business.

“I now mostly work on large, bespoke new-build homes – the type you see on Grand Designs,” explains Craig. “I get to work in some fantastic places and carry out prestige work. I recently finished working on a large five-bedroom house which had a ground source heat pump, MVHR (Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery), as well as a solar PV system. I installed the bathrooms and underfloor heating, which were connected to the low-temperature heating systems.

“I seem to have found a niche in the market between the domestic and commercial sectors. A typical plumber doesn’t want to take on a job this big, while it’s too small for commercial set-ups. I don’t have a website, but I’m so busy that I don’t need to advertise.”

Team building

Craig decided to take on an apprentice in 2023 – Jack is now in his second year and has started to work independently.

“The subcontractors either weren’t up to the standard I expected, were unreliable or wanted too much money,” explains Craig. “Taking on an apprentice is definitely an investment because the government only covers the cost of the course, which can be di cult for lone installers. However, an apprentice can be a big asset, as you can mould them into the type of tradesperson that you want them to be.”

CRAIG’S ACHIEVEMENTS

QUALIFICATIONS

• City & Guilds Craft and Advanced Craft in plumbing

• OFTEC 10 & 105: installation of oil and bio-liquid-fuelled fixed combustion appliances and systems

• OFTEC 600A: oil storage requirements

• ACS Core: gas boilers, cookers and fires

• LCL Unvented Hot Water

Heating and Hot Water Systems

• NIBE Ground and air source heat pump heating and maintenance

• Heat Geek Awakening and Mastery

• Warmur Academy Hydronics for Domestic Heating Engineers

AWARDS

• Heating Installer Awards North East winner for the past

CIPHE Low Temperature three years

According to Craig, it’s increasingly di cult to get younger people interested in careers in the plumbing and heating industry. “I’m in my fifties and most people I know in the trade are around the same age. The question is, who will be carrying out manual work in 20 years’ time if there aren’t enough people entering the heating and plumbing industry?

“The UK education system is stacked towards A Levels and degrees, and careers like plumbing are viewed as a last resort. It’s important that kids learn about di erent careers and the ways in which they can enter the plumbing and heating sector.”

Sharing skills

Craig has been a member of the CIPHE for over 20 years. He started attending local meetings in Newcastle after a friend suggested that he join.

“It’s important to be a CIPHE member – it o ers professional recognition, as well as practical support and continued professional development,” he explains. “People like Jerry Whiteley (technical manager) and Mike Maskrey (training manager) are knowledgeable and passionate, provide great

support to members and are working hard to make improvements to the industry.

“I volunteer on the CIPHE Plumbing employers’ group, o ering feedback on a potential new plumbing qualification. That’s important, because when the government makes decisions that can have a big impact on the industry, they often don’t hear enough from the people on the ground.”

Keen to give back to the industry, Craig founded a group with fellow installer, Richard Weir. With a focus on low temperature heating for installers, they meet for a couple of hours each month, covering topics such as heat pumps – including heat loss calculations – pump sizing, controls and adjusting radiators to work with low-temperature heating.

“We need to educate from within and dispel the misconception that heat pumps don’t work,” asserts Craig. “I encourage members to take CIPHE’s low temperature heating and hot water qualification, as well as others. We also have a WhatsApp group where people can ask questions, which has proved really helpful.”

DRIVE TIME

Need a new work vehicle? Find out what the options are and how to decide which might suit your needs

Work vehicles play an essential role in many plumbing and heating businesses, so it’s important to choose the right type. From purchasing outright to leasing or rental –there is a lot for installers to consider.

“Each product is structured differently and provides benefits and drawbacks,” points out Jason Ahmet, head of key accounts at CIPHE Industrial Associate firm Capital Fleet Solutions. “It’s worth noting that we’d always recommend getting professional financial advice before taking out any agreement.”

Finance lease

A finance lease is a flexible option which enables the use but not ownership of a van, with the vehicle remaining in the

ownership of the finance company for the duration of the contract.

Installers make monthly payments based on the initial cost, the length of the lease and the final balloon payment. This type of agreement is usually for between two and five years.

“A finance lease is a good option for businesses that rely heavily on their vans, either because they cover many miles, or the vehicle could see a lot of wear and tear,” explains Ahmet. “With the intensity of use that plumbing and heating engineers have and the nature of the work, the fact that there are no mileage restrictions on finance leases is an attractive prospect. If you’re VAT registered, you can also reclaim the VAT paid on monthly rentals.”

Contract hire

Contract hire allows you to pay a set monthly fee for an agreed period and mileage allowance. Road tax, maintenance and breakdown cover can be included for an additional fixed fee, so this is a good way to combine ongoing costs.

“Contract hire agreements are designed to cover the depreciation of the van over the term, plus interest, but not the full cost of the van,” explains Ahmet. “The rental cost is based on the price of the van excluding VAT. Interest is added to the ex-VAT price of the van and the balance (minus the leasing company residual value risk / balloon payment) is paid over a fixed period. The rentals attract VAT at the current rate. Deposits are not taken; however advance rentals are usually required at the start of the agreement.”

Contract hire vans are always handed back to the leasing company at the end of the term and installers aren’t responsible for the disposal or sale price of the van. Contract hire agreements can be ended at any point during the agreement, but this may incur large penalties. Installers are responsible for ensuring the van is compliant with servicing and MOT requirements, unless the agreement states otherwise. Also, as the agreement is based on expected

“A finance lease is a good option for businesses that rely heavily on their vans”

mileage, you will be charged if you exceed this.

“At the end of the agreement the van will be inspected for damage, and you will be charged for anything considered to be outside the fair wear-and-tear guidelines,” adds Ahmet. “The leasing company should provide you with a copy of this standard at the start of the lease and prior to collection. If not, you can search for guidance on bvrla.co.uk. Every contract is di erent, so you need to make sure that you know the terms of the agreement before you sign.”

Hire purchase

This is an agreement where money is borrowed to purchase a van, and paid back monthly. The deposit and term can usually be set to meet individual budgets, with deposits optional in some cases, and trade-ins accepted. There are also no mileage restrictions.

This option enables installers to drive away in a van that they may not have been able to buy outright. After the final monthly instalment and the optionto-purchase fee have been paid, the installer will own the van.

As the aim is to own the van at the end of the contract, the monthly payments may be higher than other finance options, because they include the full value of the van plus interest. Additionally, you can’t sell the van without settling any outstanding finance.

Rental

Although leasing and outright purchase are the most common methods of procuring commercial vehicles, vehicle rental, also known as vehicle hire, is a popular alternative option.

“Vehicle rental behaves in a very similar way to vehicle leasing, in that you hire a van for a fixed period and either buy it or hand it back at the end of the agreement,” explains Gemma Dickson, sales and marketing director at Herd

Group, a CIPHE Industrial Associate. “Rental has a number of benefits, most notably the ability to sit o -balance sheet and the option to terminate contracts early, typically with less penalties than leasing or contract hire.”

Ownership

The main benefit to owning a van outright is that there aren’t any associated capital costs and it secures the vehicle for the long term. It can also be added as a one-o cost for tax allowances for that year.

“While it’s an attractive prospect, buying outright is a large capital outlay. You either have the funds to pay for the van or you don’t,” says Ahmet. “Careful planning is also needed to ensure that you resell the vehicle at a time when the price is at its peak.”

Eco options

When it comes to choosing the right van for your business, there is a lot to take into consideration, so determining the type of van required is a good place to start. For example, if installers predominantly work in urban areas, an electric van might be the best option.

Electric vehicles are becoming more common as businesses become increasingly concerned about their impact on the planet. As a result, lowcarbon vehicles have become a priority for many fleets.

Crunching the numbers

You need to carefully calculate the size of the van required to ensure that it can store and transport equipment with ease, which means a length and height suitable for accommodating larger objects like pipes.

“Common features that businesses require are internal racking systems to help secure and transport tools and materials safely,” says Dickson. “Ply lining the walls and floor of a van is essential and makes a more durable surface.”

The payload is the maximum weight a vehicle is legally permitted to transport and it is calculated by adding together the weight of the passengers, the van and any additional specialised equipment.

“We would advise spending some time considering the payload capacity and the daily usage of a vehicle,” says Dickson. “This is an important step to ensure you have access to the appropriate quantity of payload when needed.

“If you rent a vehicle that is too big or too small, it will make a van driver’s working day more di cult, so try to find a balance between usability and payload capacity.”

When looking for a van rental deal, you’ll need to pay close attention to any mileage limits set out as part of the agreement. Going over an agreed mileage can result in an additional charge at the end of the rental.

“Consider the condition the vehicle must be returned in at the end of the rental agreement, particularly if your business is labour intensive and transports heavy-duty materials,” adds Dickson. “Understanding these charges will help you to avoid excess additional costs at the end of your agreement.”

MIND THE GAP

Members of the plumbing and heating engineering community discuss the barriers to decarbonising heat in British homes and how to accelerate the move to net zero

The UK’s journey to net zero hasn’t been a smooth one, with the Conservative government reneging on its own previously agreed strategies. The new Labour administration, however, seems serious about a low-carbon future and how to achieve it.

“Firstly, we need clear and consistent policy from the new government,” says Neil Sawers, commercial technical manager at Grant UK. “The biggest shift required is a collaborative approach from policymakers, manufacturers and installers to make low-carbon heating accessible.”

Innovations in the low-carbon sector o er high e ciency heating and hot water solutions, but much more needs to be done to ensure that the deployment of these innovations is widespread and a ordable.

The government’s Future Homes Standard (FHS) aims to ensure that new homes built from 2025 will produce 75-80% less carbon emissions than homes built under current Building Regulations.

“We have a golden opportunity with the FHS, which will lead to the fast acceleration of heat pump numbers in the new-build market,” says Paul Smith, managing director of NIBE Energy Systems. “Retrofit [any improvement work on an existing building to improve its energy e ciency] requires the stimulus to grow. The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) is a good start, but the upfront cost of a heat pump is still prohibitive for many, even with BUS funding.”

One barrier to uptake is the UK’s spark gap – the di erence in prices

Public supports phasing out boilers

According to research by the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), which was commissioned by Nesta, 71% of respondents supported the phasing out of boiler installations in favour of heat pumps and other eco-friendly systems by 2035, with calls to help more low-income households afford them.

between gas and electricity, measured per kWh –which is reported to be the highest in Europe. If there was a significant reduction in the price of electricity, the benefits of switching to a heat pump would be hard to ignore. However, closing the gap shouldn’t come at the expense of consumers who rely on gas.

“We need policies that incentivise homeowners and reduce the barriers installers face in adopting new technologies,” says Sawers. “At the top of this list is a streamlined approach to training because without this key element, we will all be busy fools.”

Calls for change

There is a general consensus among the plumbing and heating community that further legislative changes are essential to support renewable heating, with calls to tighten building regulations and prioritise energy e ciency in all properties.

“This should include mandatory minimum energy requirements for homes, but it is still unclear how the Home Energy Model (HEM) [which will replace the Standard Assessment Procedure for the energy rating of dwellings] will address this,” says Sawers. “It should be straightforward to make technologies like heat pumps a default choice, but serious consideration must also be given to those dwellings where a heat pump can’t meet the heat loss on its own. In these cases, solutions such as biofuels must be available to the consumer. Legislation needs to focus on improving infrastructure to support this transition, such as upgrading electricity grids to manage the increased demand from low-carbon heating.”

Despite current legislation outlined in Building Regulations, the government has reiterated that it does not want to force people to replace existing boilers and is unlikely to ban boilers by 2035, as the previous government had indicated.

“An interesting proposal is to raise the minimum boiler e ciency to around 115%,” explains Martyn Bridges, director of external a airs at Worcester Bosch. “This is obviously impossible for a standalone boiler and would only be possible with a hybrid system. There is

The government hopes the FHS will go some way towards tackling climate change

“We need to include all types of heat pumps in the retrofit conversation.”

Paul Smith, NIBE Energy Systems

“To accelerate the energy transition, the solution could be interest-free loans, lower council taxes for homes with low-carbon heating and PV, and reducing the spark gap between electricity and gas prices.”

Martyn Bridges, director of external a airs, Worcester Bosch

“Financial incentives for both homeowners and installers, such as rebates for heat pump installations or tax relief for retrofits, will encourage wider adoption.”

Neil Sawers, commercial technical manager, Grant UK

concern within the industry that more could be accomplished with existing systems and legislation, and that reducing waste through heat loss, for example, might be a more a ordable and achievable solution.”

Permitted development and planning regulations for heat pumps is another area of concern. The government is consulting on proposals that would remove barriers to installation and reduce the administrative burden of planning applications, with updates expected before the end of the year.

“The FHS is crucial for accelerating the energy transition and clarity around timing is needed to enable the preparation and scaling required,” says

EXPERT VIEW

“We need clear and consistent policy from the new government”

Elizabeth Wilkinson, product director at Ideal Heating. “The HEM, which will need to be implemented at the same time as the FHS, is critical and further details, including the impact on the Products Characteristics Database (PCDB), are needed to enable manufacturers to prepare.”

Another school of thought is that a simplified regulatory framework and better support for continual education and training would accelerate the transition to low-carbon systems.

“Right now, regulations surrounding heat pump installation are too complicated,” says Griff Thomas, managing director of GTEC and Heatly, both part of the United Living Group. “They slow deployment and make heat pumps more expensive than they need to be.”

Some argue that new legislation to decouple heat pump funding from registration schemes is needed to significantly enhance access to the grant and would result in more installations.

“The difficulty these schemes have is determining who is competent, but in doing so they favour large enterprises and alienate a huge section of the skills base,” says Paul Spence, technical manager at Heatly. “Small businesses have trusted relationships with their customers which are being eroded by scheme requirements and ignored as a pathway to speed up deployment.”

Implementing legislation to encourage District Network Operators (DNOs) to accept large-scale deployment of heat pumps will speed up the installation process, according to Daikin.

“It would also be helpful to see reform in the electricity market to unlock flexibility from across the energy system to future-proof wholesale electricity and decouple gas and electricity prices to close the spark gap,” says Hamid Salimi, heating and renewables product manager at Daikin. “Introducing

Industry and the government must work together to break down the barriers to consumer uptake of low-carbon technologies

regulation to support Property Linked Finance options could also help to overcome the upfront cost barrier.”

Installers’ opinions

Plumbing and heating installers play a key role in promoting the move away from gas boilers, but are held back by a lack of practical training, complex government incentives and sluggish consumer demand, according to Baxi’s 2024 Installer Skills Survey.

Conducted in partnership with green supply chain consultancy Gemserv, the survey results, which were presented to the industry at an event in September, revealed that installers’ attitudes towards low-carbon heating aren’t improving, an issue that is thought to be contributing to the slow growth in heat pump adoption in the UK. That said, positivity towards heat pumps has increased in the past two years, but many installers still lack the training, knowledge and incentive to help homeowners transition away from gas boilers.

Just 9% of installers fit heat pumps,

Consumer insight 69% of UK consumers don’t know enough about heat pump technology

36% would need to borrow money to fund low-carbon tech in their homes

80%

would consider a long-term fixed-rate mortgage that helps them fund lowcarbon tech and rewards them for doing so

31% know a fair amount or a lot about heat pumps

18%

don’t trust the technology

Source: Energy Systems Catapult research

“We have a golden opportunity with the Future Homes Standard”

with 50% admitting they are ‘somewhat’ or ‘extremely’ unlikely to start fitting heat pumps in the next three years. This compares to 46% in 2022 and even less confidence (53%) in 2023. However, there is more enthusiasm for hybrid systems, with 30% of installers showing interest.

According to the survey, policies such as the BUS frustrate consumers due to perceived complexity, excessive paperwork and lack of awareness. Only 9% of installers rate government schemes as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ and 42% say customers never mention the BUS.

It seems installers simply lack the confidence to promote and install low carbon heating technologies, with just 11% saying they are ‘extremely confident’ discussing them (up from 7% in 2023) and only 35% saying they are ‘moderately confident’.

Practical training is a preference for 34% of respondents, but the perceived high cost of training, along with the complexities of MCS (Microgeneration

Certification Scheme) accreditation, are an ongoing obstacle to learning.

The lack of consumer demand for heat pumps further contributes to installers’ low engagement. In the absence of strong demand, installers feel hesitant about making the transition to low-carbon heating, including investing in training. In the 2024 survey, only 3% of installers say customers always ask about low-carbon heating.

“While the 2024 survey shows some positive developments, insufficient training, poor government support and low consumer demand haven’t moved on,” says Ian Trott, Baxi’s head of UK

training. “The transition to low-carbon heating will require more targeted interventions to support installers in overcoming these barriers.”

Some industry members believe the heat pump market needs to be opened up to all installers, with multiple routes to access the BUS.

“Without installers, we are only going to trundle along at a very low rate, but there are barriers,” warns Spence. “If installers hold the relevant certification to carry out heat pump work, they should be able to register installations through the manufacturer’s portal or a government registration scheme which would bypass the blockage in the system where the only way to gain access to the BUS is through the MCS.”

“Simplify the registration process, remove unnecessary administration and give installers tools to support high quality installations. Costs will go down and uptake will increase.”

Paul Spence, technical manager, Heatly, part of the United Living Group

“Launch educational initiatives highlighting the long-term cost savings and environmental benefits of low-carbon heating.”

Matteo Dall’Ombra, national specification manager, Daikin

All new homes will be heated by a low-carbon heating source, such as a ground or air source heat pump, from 2025

Consumer demand for heat pumps has been hampered by high costs and a lack of knowledge

EXPERT VIEW

“The upfront cost of a heat pump is still prohibitive for many”

Barriers to uptake

There are several issues that are responsible for slowing down consumer uptake of low-carbon technology, including affordability, finance options, lack of knowledge and trust in the technology and installation process.

UK consumers say they can’t afford a heat pump and don’t understand how the technology works, according to research by Energy Systems Catapult in partnership with Heatio and Perenna. Of those surveyed, 36% said they would need to borrow money to install the technology, while 83% said they would consider financing through a long-term fixed-rate mortgage that rewards energy improvements with a lower interest rate.

“Better financing options are needed to ensure everyone, not just the affluent, can make the transition,” comments Thomas Farquhar, co-founder and CCO of Heatio. “It’s particularly concerning that there is a lack of trust in heat pumps – this technology is proven to work but a constant stream of misinformation from the gas industry and in the media feeds the fear that heat pumps will not help people save money or be more environmentally sustainable. This needs to end so we can help more people adopt low-carbon technology and take positive steps to reach net zero and reduce energy bills.”

The research also revealed that saving money is the main driver for considering low-carbon technology for 65% of consumers, followed by eco benefits (49%) and increasing energy costs (47%).

“Most UK consumers don’t have sufficient savings to pay upfront, which means finance is key to getting more homes decarbonised,” says Aniq Ahmed, chief communications officer at Perenna Bank. “Spreading installation costs over a longer term can make these technologies more attractive.”

Aside from the financial barriers,

Financial incentives and spreading the cost of heat pump installation over a longer term could encourage more homeowners to upgrade

there are also practical issues, such as space. In many homes, particularly those with a combi boiler, finding room for a hot water storage cylinder will be a challenge. Additionally, radiators and pipework may need to be partially or entirely replaced, which creates further complications and expense for homeowners.

“Heating is a low-interest category for consumers,” says Bridges. “It’s unimportant until something goes wrong, then it becomes a crisis. Clearly, education is key, and it might be worth considering that when a consumer calls an installer to replace their boiler, the installer should be required to provide two quotes – one for a boiler and another for a low-carbon option.”

Workforce skills are critical to the transition to net zero and installers need to be better supported with courses and CPD to ensure they can meet demand for low-carbon technology.

“Upskilling gas engineers can make a significant difference,” says Wilkinson.

“I would like to see a serious commitment from the government to adult education, perhaps a ‘skills wallet’ that can be used to access a variety of training and CPD events.”

Griff Thomas, managing director, GTEC and Heatly

“Education is key, both for consumers and installers. Raising awareness about the need for proactive upgrades and making it easier for consumers to access information is crucial.”

Elizabeth Wilkinson, product director, Ideal Heating

“If installers are better educated and more confident about low-carbon options, they can provide homeowners with balanced, informed advice, which in turn boosts consumer confidence in making the switch.”

EXPERT VIEW

LEVELLING UP

Tighter regulations are needed to protect trainees and ensure public safety, says the CIPHE

APPRENTICESHIPS

A significant skills crisis continues to impact the plumbing and heating industry, and shows little sign of improving. The high volume of people needed to join the sector, coupled with the 25% decline in college enrolments over the past 12 months, highlights the desperate need for a Level 2 apprenticeship, which would not only create an additional entry point, but also do something to encourage employers to take on an apprentice.

The CIPHE recently worked alongside the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education (IfATE) and Skills England to conduct an education survey, which found that 89% of employers and educators would support a Level 2 qualification in domestic plumbing.

The findings from the research and qualitative insights from an Employers’ Group established by the CIPHE resulted in IfATE asking the Institute to develop new Level 2 & 3 qualifications. The CIPHE is currently working with the industry and government to develop the qualifications and maintain ‘fit for purpose’ education that will both create opportunities for those entering the industry and provide foundational knowledge of renewables to support the sector in its move towards net zero targets.

In addition to developing proposals to reform the education system, the CIPHE also continues to support the enforcement of water and building regulations to raise industry standards for those already operating in the sector. The perceived lack of enforcement currently allows space in which incompetent and rogue traders can operate, presenting risks to public safety.

CIPHE recommendations

• Apprenticeships will be overhauled and made more appealing to employers to increase the availability of entry-level jobs.

• Provide practical and financial support for adult learners.

• Funding for apprenticeships to be targeted at the anticipated future construction industry skills gap and to support the move to net zero.

CIPHE actions

• Collaborate with its Plumbing Employers’ Group to shape, create and maintain a Level 2 & 3 Apprenticeship Standard in Domestic Plumbing Installation and ensure they align with changing industry and employer demands.

• Support the development of apprentices and students via the CIPHE’s Trainee Membership.

YOU SAY

“There is a huge disparity in assistance between young learners aged 16-18 and adults. Colleges are geared up to help the younger students to get training opportunities and apprenticeships. However, from experience, there is zero support for adults. This means that you can work hard to get qualifications as an adult learner and even get funding from the government, but that is a waste of time if you can’t get any assistance actually getting into paid employment to build your experience. Thus, there is a massive need for more proactive employment support, particularly for mature learners. This must be driven by all parties involved, colleges, qualification bodies and professional associations.”

Bruce Mackie, MCIPHE

LICENSING

The CIPHE maintains the need for a licence to practise as the fact remains that, with the exception of gas installers, anyone can establish a plumbing and heating business regardless of relevant and supporting qualifications.

This has left space for a small but undesirable rogue operator culture to arise, placing public safety, health and welfare at risk. The UK now experiences more deaths each year due to poorly designed, installed and maintained plumbing systems than from carbon monoxide poisoning.

“Heating systems should be regulated and competent installers should be appointed”

Millions of pounds a day is being paid out for escape-of-water claims, and incidents of scalding from hot water appliances, as well as scalds and burns from radiators, are also worryingly high. According to the NHS, the number of FCE (finished consultant episodes) bed days for scalds rose from 3,416 in 2023 to 4,472 in 2024 – an increase of 1,056. Although there was a reduction in burns from pipes and radiators, there were still 1,077 FCE bed days.

“Heating systems should be regulated and competent installers appointed,” says Kevin Wellman, CEO of the CIPHE. “Could this be a further reflection on the shortage of skilled installers?

“I am having ongoing discussions with various government departments and Defra is keen to introduce a mandatory water label next year. If fittings are being mandated, then training to fit them should also be mandated.

“The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) wants to make low-temperature heating training mandatory, so I would encourage installers to get onto an approved course, like the CIPHE’s lowtemperature qualification [see page 5] as soon as they can.”

CIPHE recommendations

• Increase links between regulation enforcement and grassroots engineers.

• Recognise the skilled and professional part of the workforce. Protect the title of ‘plumber’ by introducing statutory licensing of plumbing and heating engineers.

CIPHE actions

• Lobby government for the introduction of the licence to practise.

CPD REGULATION

According to the CIPHE’s updated manifesto, continuing professional development (CPD) plays a vital role in upskilling the workforce and keeping it up to date with the latest best practice, and regulatory and technological advances. The institute argues that without regular, high quality CPD, engineers fall behind their peers. However, as the industry is largely unregulated, there is no obligation for those outside of CIPHE membership or Engineering Council registration to engage in or record CPD.

“At last year’s World Plumbing Council general meeting, I asked whether CPD should be mandated and all those in attendance across the world united and said for plumbing safety issues it should,” says Wellman. “It is perhaps a further reflection on the lack of regulation in the UK, which sadly leads to so many plumbingrelated injuries. All I want is a level playing field for everyone working in our sector.”

CIPHE recommendations

• Require licensing for installers that includes mandatory CPD on reducing leakage and maintaining water efficiency, and refresher training on Water Regulations/ Byelaws.

CIPHE actions

• Continue to promote the Learning Academy and encourage mandatory CPD provision.

• Continue to aid members with quality CPD provision.

YOU SAY

“Any form of non-mandatory CPD never works as most engineers cannot see the point of it, which is a very short-sighted approach as valuable information can be gained from this type of short training. Perhaps this could be highlighted at plumbing merchants and trade outlets to generate interest.”

Chris Chapman, MCIPHE

ROGUE TRAINING PROVIDERS

Unfortunately, when the plumbing and heating industry experiences a skills shortage, there seems to be an increase in rogue training providers that offer short courses to get people into the industry.

These courses are extremely tempting for people keen to get started, as they claim to condense quality learning into just weeks or months. While some offer classbased learning, others offer home study courses that fit in with other work and personal commitments. Some also promise to provide workplace experience.

“I have been horrified to see the promotion of web-based courses, advising people that they can become qualified plumbers by undertaking remote training,” says Wellman.

“The CIPHE recommends going to a bona fide college or Approved Training Centre (ATC) which runs industry-recognised courses and apprenticeships. This includes finding out if the tutors/assessors have a minimum NVQ Level 3 qualification and relevant industry experience. People unwittingly spend many thousands undertaking training after being incorrectly advised that they will gain a qualification in a matter of weeks, only to find out that it does not make them eligible to join the CIPHE. Engineers require practical skills that take years to develop through repetition and on-site experience – a couple of months in a classroom or home learning environment is next to useless.”

The CIPHE introduced its ATC status to help those entering the industry to easily recognise quality training providers and to tackle the rise in rogue traders.

CIPHE recommendations

• Crack down on rogue training providers.

CIPHE actions

• Continue to raise awareness of the danger posed by rogue training providers with the industry and the public.

• Support and promote CIPHE ATCs.

• Support the development of apprentices and students via the CIPHE’s Trainee Membership.

• Continue to promote the Learning Academy and encourage mandatory CPD provision.

• Continue to raise awareness around the importance of specific heat pump training and accreditation to underpin the safe and successful move to low-carbon technologies.

To find an approved training centre visit: ciphe.org.uk/professional/ careers--trainees/ find-an-approved-training-centre

YOU SAY

COMMUNICATION WITH CUSTOMERS

“The issue of rogue training providers will only be resolved when we have people willing to report them. Too many people go to rogue providers as they know they will get the required certificates with no issues.”

Jimmy Hendry, (Master Plumber) EngTech, AfCGI, FCIPHE, RP

Deep heat

Taff’s Well thermal spring is providing renewable heating and hot water for a primary school and bowls pavilion thanks to the installation of a unique heat pump system

Harnessing the heat produced by the historic thermal spring in Taff’s Well is providing low-carbon heating and hot water for two buildings at the heart of the local community.

The project to replace the gas systems at the primary school and the bowls pavilion with a complex and efficient open loop water source system was completed by Kensa on behalf of Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council and is expected to cut carbon emissions from heat by up to 80%.

“We have an ambition to decarbonise the council by 2030 and we understand there is no one solution, so it is important that we look at what heat resources are around or under us,” says Jon Arroyo, energy and carbon reduction manager at the council. “We

see our role as exploring alternative solutions to help steer our businesses and residents in their journey towards a net zero future.”

Untapped resource

Taff’s Well, a village just north of Cardiff, is the site of the only natural thermal spring in Wales. The average water temperature is 21.6°C, more than 10 degrees warmer than the average groundwater temperature in Wales, which is just 11.3°C.

The thermal spring is contained within a Grade II-listed brick well structure and building within Taff’s Well Park, which meant that the council had to get consent for any building work from Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government.

Crunching the numbers

445,343

annual domestic hot water (DHW) demand

175kW total heat load

80kW energy supplied to the existing school building

80kW

energy supplied to the new school extension 15kW

energy supplied to the bowls pavilion

38.8t

estimated carbon dioxide saved per year

Water source systems are highly e cient because water has a higher heat transfer rate than the ground. The primary school benefits from the high heat capabilities of large-capacity heat pumps, while the bowls pavilion is heated by more compact units.

Grand designs

Kensa, a CIPHE Industrial Associate, designed an open loop system to harness the heat energy provided by the flow of warm water from the spring. Unlike traditional ground source or closed loop water source systems that circulate a heat transfer fluid through pipework to harness the heat, here the water is extracted via a pump and used directly within the system.

After the energy has been transferred to the heat pumps, the cooler water is

discharged through the well’s overflow, which emerges several metres to the west of the spring on the eastern bank of the River Ta . The well water has no contact with any other substance, so there is no issue with contamination or pollution. Kensa and the council did need to obtain the appropriate licenses from Natural Resources Wales, though, due to the requirement for water extraction and reinjection.

“The scheme will also have had a positive impact on the air quality for the pupils and the community”

Open loop systems require filtration and regular maintenance, so to avoid the water freezing at the point of energy transfer in the heat pump, intermediate heat exchangers are used to separate the hot and cold circuits, protecting components from the risk of corrosion.

One for all

Bringing an extra level of complexity to the design, Kensa added the school buildings and bowls pavilion onto a network of shared pipework, into which the warm water from the well is circulated. This shared ground loop array distributes warm water to the heat pumps installed in the separate buildings, avoiding the need for a central plantroom and giving each facility control over its own heating.

Far left: Jon Arroyo, energy manager for Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council, shows the heat exchanger (left) to pupils at Ffynnon Taf Primary School

Below: Kensa commercial director Stuart Gadsden explains how the heat pumps work

The distance between the well house and the school is approximately 360m, a route filled with pipes for existing utilities, as well as mature trees with large root beds. Trenching in the traditional way was virtually impossible, so Kensa horizontally drilled for hundreds of metres between the well, the school and the pavilion.

“The council was keen to utilise the well as it provides an unlimited amount of free renewable energy that was just flowing straight into the River Taff,” explains Matt Zealley, sales manager at Kensa. “The school and bowls pavilion were obvious beneficiaries as they are so close to it.

“The installation of the heat pump system has not only relieved the school and pavilion of its gas dependency, it has reduced the carbon output from its heating systems by around 80%. With the heat pumps producing no emissions or pollution, this scheme will also have had a positive impact on the air quality for the pupils and the local community.”

Successful system

Ground source heat pumps usually source energy from the ground to

“The council was keen to utilise the well as it provides an unlimited amount of free renewable energy”

provide heating and hot water, but the unique installation at Taff’s Well pumps warm water from the spring and passes it through a nearby heat exchanger, which is connected to ground source heat pumps housed inside the school and pavilion.

In this highly efficient system, heat energy stored in the warm spring water is absorbed and converted by the heat pumps into energy for the heating and hot water systems.

While in the system the water is confined to its own pipework, mostly hidden underground and out of sight, to ensure there are no issues with

contamination or pollution. After passing through the system, the water empties into the well’s overflow, from where it feeds back into the River Taff.

“We are very excited about how Taff’s Well thermal spring has been utilised for the whole school community,” says Kathryn Price, headteacher of Ffynnon Taf Primary School. “Our Eco Committee thoroughly enjoyed learning more about the heat pump system and how this helps to reduce the school’s carbon footprint. We will continue to celebrate the success of the thermal spring installation in our community for many years to come.”

Above: Water from the thermal spring is pumped to ground source heat pumps in the school and pavilion

Right: Pupils at the school are enjoying the benefits of the new heating system

EDUCATION

VIEWS, NEWS AND DEVELOPMENTS AFFECTING NEW RECRUITS TO OUR INDUSTRY

Breaking barriers

How can the government and the plumbing and heating industry promote the value of and increase apprenticeships?

Driven by the government’s net zero plans, there continues to be a significant skills gap in the heating and plumbing sector. With dwindling numbers of people entering the industry, it’s clear that more needs to be done to encourage younger people to consider heating and plumbing as a career.

According to government data, there were 24,530 new apprentices taken on in construction between 2022-23, down 1,530 on 2021-22, highlighting the

industry’s continuing struggle to attract school leavers.

“While there is an acknowledgement that more needs to be done to raise awareness of a career in construction, there remain barriers that need to be overcome,” comments Craig Sanders, joint managing director at Protrade. “There is still a notable lack of sector-specific focus within settings like education. It’s crucial to enhance awareness of construction college opportunities and foster a more accessible approach.”

Net

zero goals

Generating interest in careers in heating and plumbing is essential to increase the number of installers needed to meet government net zero targets. However, with many schools focusing on academic routes, such as university, careers in the trade are at risk of being overlooked.

“Many students don’t realise how many opportunities the industry o ers,” says Steve Willis, managing director of Steve Willis Training, a CIPHE Approved Training Centre. “There’s also a common belief

Steve Willis Training delivering a school taster session

that careers in plumbing and heating aren’t as prestigious or well-paid as office jobs, which can put off both students and their parents. This misconception often leads them to dismiss these trades as viable career choices.

“Another challenge is the career guidance students receive. Many advisers don’t have a good understanding of the opportunities in trades like plumbing and heating, so students aren’t always given a full or encouraging picture of what’s possible.”

Gender stereotypes may also be preventing women from entering the trade, as it is often viewed as maledominated, but there is absolutely no reason why they can’t thrive in the plumbing and heating sector.

Government support Labour’s target to deliver 1.5 million homes over the next five years means it’s essential to break the stigma around vocational training, according to the Federation of Master Builders (FMB).

“As a profession, construction is more than people think,” says Jeremy Gray, head of policy at the FMB. “With a wide range of jobs, it can be quite a lucrative and rewarding career. If more young people joined the industry, it would address our skills shortage and provide succession planning with an ageing workforce. The industry also offers great local employment opportunities for school leavers.

“Recruitment can be challenging, which is why SMEs need support to onboard fresh staff. This is especially true when it comes to apprentices. Hopefully, the creation of Skills England signals the government’s

intention to boost vocational career paths, but it will need to work alongside existing bodies, like the Construction Industry Training Board (CITB), to help builders hire new starters.”

There are calls to the government from industry to do more to promote plumbing and heating careers, especially greener technologies, and to offer support to schools in particular.

“There is still a notable lack of sector-specific focus within settings like education”

“First, schools should be raising awareness about trades like plumbing and heating to make them a visible and attractive option for students,” says Willis. “The government could support this by funding careers fairs, workshops and talks from industry professionals to help shift perceptions. With the right backing, plumbing and heating could be a key part of the push towards a greener future.”

Industry engagement

According to Schneider Electric, 247,000 jobs could be created in the UK by adopting clean energy technologies and it is essential that businesses consider the different ways to equip the next generation with the skills that are vital for the success of the rapidly growing green economy.

“Green apprenticeships offer young people a dynamic and fulfilling route to success, supporting the UK’s push to electrify our homes,

vehicles, and businesses as we move away from fossil fuels,” says Kelly Becker, president of Schneider Electric UK and Ireland, Belgium and Netherlands. “As more young people seek organisations with strong ESG credentials, these programmes offer a vital platform to innovate and contribute to the future green economy.

“This year, we have increased the number of apprenticeships we offer across the UK and Ireland to approximately 60 placements, understanding the value apprenticeships bring to those looking for an alternative career route to university, and to the business itself. Students should be reassured that as important as results day is, the results themselves aren’t career defining. There are many options available to help them to thrive and forge their own route to success.”    Installers can also connect with schools, sharing firsthand experiences with students, offering work experience and hands-on workshops. Hearing what a job is like from someone who is in the industry is important

Opening doors

“Apprenticeships offer a vital platform to contribute to the green economy”

to help students understand what it actually entails.

“Hosting visits to training centres can give students a closer look at what an apprenticeship might offer them,” says Willis. “Working with teachers and career advisers is also key. Providing them with resources and information ensures they

Diss High School explains its approach to apprenticeships

Students at Diss High School in Norfolk are introduced to possible career routes in Year 10, when representatives from ASK (Apprenticeship Support and Knowledge) attend the school, in collaboration with Norfolk County Council, to talk about the variety of roles that are available.

The day comprises a number of talks about different types of apprenticeships as well as practice interviews. This year, three apprenticeship providers attended the school’s careers day to meet students and give them a chance to find out more first hand.

can offer better guidance to students. Additionally, mentorship programmes and creating educational materials, like videos or interactive lessons, can help spark interest and break

“The biggest barrier for us at Diss High is transportation for apprenticeships, particularly for students living in rural outlying villages,” explains Rachel Adams, senior lead for personal development and vocational skills at the school. “At 16, the students are reliant on public transport, which isn’t always affordable and bus routes can be complicated.

“We very much focus on a learning path that suits individual students,” Adams adds. “We push A Level students to stay at school rather than college because we experience a lot of students returning due to the transport issues and the amount of time they need to spend travelling. It is easier for those that leave at 18 and go onto a higher level of apprenticeship.”

In total, just 3% of students went on to do

down barriers.

“By making plumbing and heating careers more visible and accessible, the industry can inspire more young people to consider the trade.”

apprenticeships in 2023, with a fairly even split between construction, mechanics and hairdressing.

“Students have access to Unifrog, which not only helps students with university applications, but also with how to write CVs and apply for apprenticeships,” explains James Hurley, head of sixth form. “Students undertake work experience in July and/or over the Year 12-13 summer break. We encourage students to complete open online courses (usually through FutureLearn.com) in areas they are considering as a career.

“We take our role in guiding students with their decisions post-18 seriously and evidently have a full, comprehensive programme which covers all their options,” adds Hurley.

Steve Willis Training offers courses in gas, oil, electrical, plumbing and renewables

MIKE OXLEY Training manager, Salamander Pumps

The critical role of water measurements in modern plumbing

In today’s plumbing industry, precision isn’t just a preference – it’s a necessity

With modern heating and hot water systems becoming increasingly sophisticated, understanding and implementing accurate measurements is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and customer satisfaction.

Understanding pressure and flow rates: the foundation of system performance Before any installation begins, measuring dynamic pressure and flow rates is essential. These pre-installation checks serve as the cornerstone for system design and appliance selection. Without adequate pressure and flow rates, even the highest quality appliances may underperform, leading to customer dissatisfaction and potential system failures.

These initial measurements are invaluable when recommending appropriate solutions to customers. For instance, accurate flow rate data helps determine:

• Whether a property can support a modern multi-outlet bathroom

• The most suitable shower system

• Appropriate specification for taps and mixers

• The optimal choice of boiler or hot water system

• Whether additional solutions like shower pumps might be necessary

This data-driven approach to product selection ensures that customers invest in solutions that will work effectively in their homes.

Consider a combi boiler designed for 15l/min – if the mains only supplies 8l/

min, the system will never achieve its intended performance. This mismatch can result in slow flow rates, inconsistent water temperature, poor performing appliances and frequent boiler shutdowns.

The impact of system design on flow Before beginning any installation work, consulting manufacturer instructions is essential. Appliances have specific requirements that must be met for optimal performance and warranty validity.

For instance, unvented cylinders typically require a minimum flow rate of 22l/min to function effectively – a requirement stated in manufacturer instructions.

When it comes to system and pipework design:

• Always check manufacturer specifications for minimum flow rates and pressure requirements

• Verify installation requirements for specific products, as these can vary significantly between manufacturers

• Follow manufacturer guidelines for installation location, pipe sizing and configuration

• Document compliance with installation instructions to maintain warranty coverage

Beyond manufacturer requirements, several design factors affect system performance:

• Lengthy pipe runs decrease water pressure and flow rates

• Oversized pipework can increase installation costs and hot water delivery times

• Undersized pipes restrict flow, particularly when multiple outlets are in use

FIGURE 1

Q outlet = outlet flow rate (l/min)

Q inlet = inlet flow rate into property (l/min)

P outlet = dynamic pressure at outlet (bar)

P inlet = dynamic pressure at inlet (bar)

WATER MEASUREMENTS

“Without adequate pressure and flow rates, even the highest quality appliances may underperform, leading to customer dissatisfaction and potential system failures”

When designing a hot and cold water system, installers often overlook the impact of pressure drop between the cold water inlet into the property and an outlet (such as a shower). There is a complex relationship between the dynamic pressure and flow rate, embedded within Bernoulli’s equation, where the flow is proportional to the square root of the pressure difference or loss. Below is a simplified formula demonstrating this principle (Figure 1).

As you can derive from the formula, an incoming flow rate of 10l/min with a dynamic pressure of 3 bar with a 2 bar pressure drop across the system (1 bar at the outlet) would create a drop in flow rate to 5.77l/min. This simple example highlights the need for engineers to consider the pressure drop across all components in a system, such as pipe, fittings and valves, before specifying a high-flow shower system, especially in retrofit applications where the pipe routes are unknown. In these situations, it is important to use test equipment to verify the change in pressure and flow to avoid the risk of an unhappy consumer and costly alterations.

The key is to keep pipe runs as straight and short as possible, because each elbow introduces restrictions that can create turbulence. Installers should consider using machine-made bends in pipework over elbows, as they aid better flow rates.

Temperature: a critical balance

Regular temperature monitoring isn’t just good practice – it’s a legal requirement. The Health and Safety

Executive’s Approved Code of Practice L8, HSG 274, and the Department of Health’s HTM 04-01 all mandate regular temperature monitoring of hot and cold-water systems. These regulations exist to ensure both public safety and system efficiency. Regular monitoring should ensure:

• Hot water storage temperatures remain above 60°C

• First draw temperatures reach at least 50°C within one minute (30 seconds water regulations)

• Cold water stays below 20°C after running for two minutes

• Mixed water at TMVs doesn’t exceed 44°C

These parameters are crucial for preventing both Legionella growth (which can occur below 50°C) and scalding risks (particularly acute above 60°C). It’s especially important to check temperatures at both first and last outlets, as lengthy pipework runs can significantly impact temperature distribution.

Temperature control plays a crucial role in system efficiency. Improperly managed temperatures, particularly overheating water beyond necessary levels, leads to significant energy wastage. This issue becomes more pronounced with poorly insulated pipework and long runs, where heat loss is substantial.

When systems struggle to maintain consistent temperatures, increased boiler cycling not only wastes energy but also causes premature component wear. Property owners often set their hot water temperatures higher than required, unknowingly increasing their energy consumption. Regular monitoring of temperature levels becomes vital for maintaining optimal performing systems.

The hidden efficiency killer

Water hardness can have a significant impact on system efficiency and longevity. In areas where Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels are high, limescale build-up becomes a serious concern:

• Just 1mm of limescale can increase energy consumption by 7-10%

• Scale build-up reduces heat transfer efficiency

THE FIX | WATER MEASUREMENTS

• Hard water can lead to premature appliance failure

• Building Regulations Part L requires water treatment where hardness exceeds 200ppm

Mike Oxley, training manager at Salamander Pumps, states, “Our new AquaScan multimeter can be used to measure TDS in parts per million (ppm). This feature is crucial in areas prone to limescale build-up, which can significantly impact system e ciency and increase energy consumption.”

Taking a proactive approach

Modern plumbing demands a proactive rather than reactive approach. Regular measurements and system checks should be integrated into routine servicing to:

• Prevent potential issues before they develop

• Ensure continued compliance with regulations

• Maintain optimal system e ciency

• Extend appliance lifespan

• Improve customer satisfaction

“The evolution of digital measurement technology is transforming how plumbers approach system design, installation and maintenance”

The industry is evolving, with new digital measurement tools making precise readings more accessible than ever. These innovations are enabling plumbers to work more e ciently and provide more accurate diagnostics and solutions for their customers. By embracing precise measurement techniques, installers can ensure systems perform optimally from day one, reducing callbacks and enhancing their professional reputation.

Looking to the future

As heating and hot water systems become increasingly complex

and e ciency standards grow more stringent, the role of precise measurement in plumbing will only grow in importance. Success in modern plumbing relies on the ability to make data-driven decisions that ensure optimal system performance, safety and e ciency.

“Tools like AquaScan aren’t just gadgets,” adds Oxley. “They’re the key to unlocking a new level of e ciency and accuracy in our work.”

The evolution of digital measurement technology is transforming how plumbers approach system design, installation and maintenance. This shift towards precision measurement isn’t just about using new tools – it’s about adopting a more scientific

approach to plumbing that benefits both installers and their customers through:

• More accurate system diagnostics

• Better-performing installations

• Increased energy e ciency

• Enhanced system longevity

• Higher customer satisfaction rates

Remember: being proactive with measurements and system checks isn’t just about preventing problems – it’s about delivering professional service that stands the test of time. The future belongs to those who embrace this precisionfocused approach, using accurate measurements to inform their decisions and deliver the best possible outcomes for their customers.

Quick tips for interpreting AquaScan readings

Checking the existing dynamic and static pressure and incoming flow rates is important and should be done before choosing an appliance or designing a system to ensure that the system can perform optimally.

1. FLOW RATE

• Ideal range for most domestic applications: 10-15l/min

• Below 6l/min may indicate restrictions or undersized pipes

2. PRESSURE

• Dynamic pressure (during flow) should not drop below 0.5 bar but ideally, as a minimum, 1 to 1.5 bar at outlets (check manufacturer minimum requirements)

3. TEMPERATURE

Regular checks on the hot water temperature will ensure that it’s set within a safe range to prevent the risk of scalding or bacteria growth.

• Hot water storage: minimum 60°C to prevent Legionella growth

• Delivery temperature at outlets: 50-55°C for safety

• Cold water: Below 20°C to prevent bacterial growth

4. HARDNESS

(MEASURED VIA TDS)

Hard water will stop appliances performing e ciently as outlets become blocked with limescale. The following can indicate the

di erent water hardness levels.

• Soft water: up to 100ppm

• Slightly hard: 100-150ppm

• Moderately hard: 150-200ppm

• Hard: 200-300ppm

• Very hard: More than 300ppm

• Consider water treatment options for readings above 180ppm

Remember: always compare your readings to manufacturer specifications and local regulations for the most accurate interpretation.

YOUR CPD CIPHE members are expected to complete 30 hours of CPD each year. Completion of these assessments can count towards this requirement.

WHAT TO DO

Answer the questions (using an additional A4 sheet if necessary) and return by scanning and emailing or posting to the address below.

YOUR DETAILS

Please complete this form

YOUR NAME:

KEEP UP TO DATE

All CPD features are available to complete and record online: login to your account at ciphe.org.uk

CIPHE MEMBERSHIP NUMBER:

EMAIL:

RETURN TO: CPD Assessment, CIPHE, Saxon House, 27 Duke Street, Chelmsford CM1 1HT

info@ciphe.org.uk Or log into Mycareerpath via the CIPHE website: www.ciphe.org.uk

Hot water systems

1

Why is it important to monitor water temperature in hot water systems to prevent Legionella growth?

A. Legionella bacteria thrive at temperatures above 70°C

B. Legionella bacteria are killed instantly at any temperature above 20°C

C. Legionella bacteria thrive between 20°C and 45°C

D. Legionella bacteria only grow in temperatures below freezing

2

Which of the following describes why it’s important to maintain water temperatures above 60°C in hot water storage systems?

A. To ensure maximum water flow

B. To prevent the growth of Legionella bacteria

C. To comply with pipe size regulations

D. To reduce pipe corrosion

3

How does Bernoulli's Principle help plumbers understand water flow in pipes of varying sizes?

A. It explains why water flows faster through larger pipes

B. It explains the relationship between water velocity and pressure drop in narrower pipes

C. It describes how temperature a ects water flow

D. It shows why water temperature rises in narrower pipes

4

How long and at what temperature does the Health and Safety Executive's Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) L8 guidelines stipulate hot water should reach first draw outlets?

A. 50°C within one minute (30 seconds Water Regulations)

B. 40°C within 30 seconds (1 minute Water Regulations)

C. 65°C within one minute (30 seconds Water Regulations)

D. Between 20°C and 45°C within 30 seconds (1 minute Water Regulations)

5

Why is it recommended to avoid "dead legs" (sections of pipe with stagnant water) in hot

water systems?

A. They reduce overall water pressure

B. They can lead to heat loss and increase energy usage

C. They create conditions favourable for Legionella bacteria growth

D. They accelerate pipe corrosion and degradation

6

Temporary water hardness can have a significant impact on system e ciency and longevity. Building Regulations Part L requires water treatment when hardness exceeds:

A. 100ppm

B. 20ppm

C. 200ppm

D. 120ppm

REBOOT YOUR LEARNING WITH CIPHE ACADEMY

Members can access a diverse range of courses through our online Academy. Login to the membership section at ciphe.org.uk then head to the Access technical resources & CPD section to get started.

YOUR CPD

Breaking it down

What heat pump installation costs mean for UK decarbonisation

At tepeo, our mission is to become a leader in the decarbonisation of home heating. So, it is painful for us to see the slow progress of heat pump adoption, with the latest update from the Government indicating that there have been roughly 250,000 heat pumps installed, in a total of over 27 million homes.

Heat pumps are a fantastic, mature, high-performing technology that significantly contribute to the decarbonisation of heating. There are many factors in heat pump uptake being slower than desirable, including compatibility of heat emitters, insulation of property and more, but a significant influence is the cost to consumers. However, this isn’t due to the purchase cost of the heat pump, as they are on the Energy Saving Material (ESM) list and therefore currently incur a 0% VAT rate, and are supported by the Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS), where up to £7,500 of the cost of purchase and installation is grant funded. That’s more than enough to cover the heat pump itself and all the essential ancillary components.

So where is the cost that is deterring homeowners from upgrading from their heating systems to a heat pump? It is in the installation and the installer.

A well set up heat pump married to an optimised heating system has the potential to deliver amazing results, with a Seasonal Coe cient of Performance (SCoP) well above 4. For this you need to go large with your emitters and pipework, remove bu ers and secondary circulating pumps, and keep the load on the heat pump as consistent as possible by removing zone valves, underfloor mixer valves and use thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) for limiting internal gains. In e ect, you run the heat pump all

“Heat pumps are a fantastic technology that significantly contribute to the decarbonisation of heating”

the time under a lowish load, just o setting the heat loss of the house. The problem with this approach is that most heating systems were designed for the opposite of this, and therein lies the rub.

The problem with cycling

For decades, the majority of houses have had a seemingly limitless supply of fuel for their heating system, literally on tap, and at a very reasonable price all the time, no matter when it was used. Installing a central heating system and burning mains gas, even ine ciently, enabled homeowners to warm up the leakiest housing stock in Europe to a comfortable level several times a day. Retrofitting houses with small radiators and microbore pipework to minimise disruption wasn’t an issue, as the wider system and heat source could be designed around very high flow temperatures and therefore still deliver the required heat.

Unsurprisingly a heating system designed to deliver large dollops of energy at high power in short bursts of time isn’t ideal for heat pumps that work best when dribbling energy into a house all the time at low flow temperatures. Inevitably this leads to installations where the heat pump is oversized, to give it the grunt to work well enough with the existing emitters and ensure that the homeowners don’t freeze in the winter. However, this then

number of cycles to two or three every hour. And low loads aren’t really that low for a mid- to high-power heat pump, certainly above several thousand Watts. The sort of load that you see for long periods of the shoulder heating season (between low and high season).

electricity as its fuel. Well, imagine no more, the heat source you’re looking for is a smart heat battery such as tepeo’s ZEB®

highlights a separate issue with heat pumps – when ironically, they should be working at their highest SCoP – that of cycling.

Cycling isn’t unique to heat pumps, gas boilers have the same issue, in that under low loads they can’t modulate their output power low enough. So, they shut down, wait a bit, then start back up again. For a heat pump, cycling on and o like this has a huge e ect on compressor longevity and reliability, so much so that all have an anti-cycling feature that ensures the heat pump operates for something like 10 to 20 minutes at a time, and limits the

Enlarging radiators and pipework costs money, and so do the skills and experience required to design, install, and configure a heating system that will unlock a heat pump’s absolute best SCoP. MCS training and certification is also not cheap, and installers recoup that cost through their installations. And this is why, even with 0% VAT and a grant of £7,500, homeowners still must find thousands of pounds themselves to replace their gas boiler with a heat pump.

Another way?

However, imagine if there were a heat source that had the performance of a gas boiler so it could be plumbed straight into an existing heating system, didn’t have the reliability and longevity issues that come with cycling a heat pump, and still delivered the environmental benefits of using

The ZEB is built around a thermal store that can be charged with up to 40kWh of heat, enough to meet the demand of a small- to medium-sized house from a single o -peak charge. It can be plumbed straight into an existing heating system using the same pipework that fed the old gas boiler. It can deliver 15kW of power at flow temperatures up to 80°C, coping seamlessly with changes in load as zone valves and TRVs open and close. And it can modulate its power output down to a few hundred Watts to avoid cycling, although as the process of discharging the thermal store is simply blowing air through it using a brushless fan, there is no wear and tear on the fan, and no need to configure the ZEB or the thermostat to set minimum on times or limit cycling the call-for-heat.

The ZEB is available now and already removing tonnes of CO2e from homes. We’re trying hard to get the ZEB on the ESM list, alongside draught strips, loft insulation and wood-fired boilers, and included as a part of BUS. Additionally, for a long time we’ve been looking at how we integrate the ZEB with residential microgeneration, so that our customers can heat their homes directly o the solar array on their roof. For us, this means modulating the electrical power the ZEB uses to charge the thermal store, and matching that to the excess generation that is being exported back to the grid.

As part of our ongoing drive to help more consumers decarbonise their homes, in October tepeo and Sunamp ran a webinar for CIPHE members. Look out for a recording of the session, along with a bank of useful webinars, in the member area at ciphe.org.uk.

FIND OUT MORE

If you want to know more about the ZEB or you are interested in becoming a tepeoPRO installer, please check out our website, www.tepeo.com, or reach out to us directly on 020 7072 5462

The ZEB is easy to install and easy to use

Unlike an electric boiler, the ZEB stores heat for when you need it

MEMBERSHIP

YOUR KEY MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS AND HOW YOU CAN GET MORE INVOLVED WITH THE CIPHE

TIM SAINTY

CIPHE membership director

Tim looks after the growing CIPHE membership, enhancing services for members and improving communications tims@ciphe.org.uk

+44 (0)1708 463102

Enhanced benefits for members

Online business directory listing to be included within CIPHE membership fee, announces membership director Tim Sainty

In the previous issue, I reported on the results of our CIPHE member research and said that we would be using that information to help shape and prioritise our next steps.

With that in mind, I am able to announce a significant addition to our membership that o cially runs from January 2025 but that you can start to take advantage of immediately.

and is now available for Associate (ACIPHE), Member (MCIPHE) and Fellow (FCIPHE) members in the UK and overseas.

What’s new?

Online business directory listings are now separated into two categories. Any qualifying member (ACIPHE/ MCIPHE/ FCIPHE) can have an Essential online directory listing which includes:

and WaterSafe registration, if applicable

A member already paying for the listing can now choose to have the above service at no additional cost or continue to pay the £50+VAT annual fee for a Premium online directory listing, which also includes:

• Eye-catching red premium frame around your listing

• Priority placement

• Space for more information about your business

TIME TO UPGRADE YOUR MEMBERSHIP?

As we increase our services, you might think now is the time to upgrade your membership. If you have gained qualifications and/ or experience since you last spoke with us, call 01708 463 116 to find out what category of membership could be right for you.

After telling us that you wanted member-only discounts and o ers on products, the most popular request was an option for an online business directory listing to be included within the CIPHE membership fee. The first request requires us to liaise with suppliers and merchants and takes a bit more time – do watch this space – but the latter is entirely within our control

• Listing by individual and business name

• Professional specialisms highlighted

• Full contact information displayed

• Proximity displayed to members of the public searching for a member

• Indicators for Registered Plumbing/Heating Company status

• Visibility of Approved Contractor Person status

• Facility to upload your logo

What to do next?

1. If you are a member who is not currently listed in the business directory and would like to be, log into your account on the CIPHE website and follow the onscreen instructions to set up an essential or premium listing, which will be live within three hours.

2. If you currently pay for a business directory entry but would like to keep the existing level of service

CIPHE 2025 membership categories and

Take the lead-free solder pledge

WaterSafe is launching a campaign for all plumbers and installers to protect drinking water by only using lead-free solder.

The campaign is being launched to mark the World Health Organization’s International Lead Poisoning Prevention Week when plumbers and installers will be urged to sign a pledge to only use and carry lead-free solder.

The approved contractor register is also raising awareness of the risks of lead, urging consumers to question which solder their installer is using.

A survey of more than 400 plumbers has shown some still use lead solder on drinking water systems and two-thirds carry it in their bags.

Most plumbers said they use solder at least once a week, but only half have lead-free solder in their bags, leading to a risk of lead solder being used accidentally.

This is despite the use of lead solder in drinking water systems being illegal. Lead can dissolve into drinking water and cause health issues if it builds up in the body. Babies and young children are most at risk.

Worryingly, 26% of installers surveyed were unaware of the potential health risks, although

WaterSafe-approved plumbers surveyed showed higher awareness than the general plumber population.

without paying the additional fee, contact our membership team on 01708 463 116 or membership@ciphe. org.uk to have the charge removed before your next membership renewal.

3. If you are already paying for a business directory listing and want to take advantage of the extra benefits available to you for the same fee, log into your account at ciphe.org.uk and add the additional information and your company logo to further enhance your listing.

Each year, thousands of consumers use the CIPHE website to search for plumbers and heating engineers who they can trust. Now you can take advantage of your membership to make sure you are listed.

Much more to come

This is just the start of the changes as we look to further increase the membership benefits and services available. Watch out for more announcements as we make further additions to the CIPHE membership o er.

Julie Spinks, director of WaterSafe, said: “Always using lead-free solder is the only safe option, which is why we are calling for installers to sign our pledge.

“It’s a simple swap to avoid inadvertently using lead solder on drinking water systems and prevent lead from leaching into the drinking water of homes and businesses. There is no safe limit of lead so this is a simple step all installers can take to safeguard public health.”

For more information, visit who.int/campaigns/ international-lead-poisoning-prevention-week

CIPHE and WaterSafe member Andy Steer MCIPHE RP

Future-proof your career and play your part in helping us reach net zero with this new course aimed at helping installers and engineers to design low temperature heating and hot water systems, to work with more sustainable heat sources

The UK’s commitment to reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2050 will be impossible to achieve without a significant contribution by the plumbing and heating industry.

That’s why the CIPHE has invested in delivering a qualification that will help engineers to recalculate how heating and hot water is delivered at lower temperatures.

Find out more about the course, as well as membership and CPD opportunities, at www.ciphe.org.uk

The CIPHE’s Low Temperature Heating and Hot Water Design course covers the fundamental design principles of low temperature technologies and will help upskill those involved in the years ahead.

Would you like to see your product featured here? Contact pandhengineering@jamespembrokemedia.co.uk

ZEB

THE ZEB, which reduces home heating carbon emissions while providing an easy installation process, now comes in a choice of seven colours. Customers can choose a boiler that not only heats their home e ciently, but also complements their interior design style. www.tepeo.com

Vitocal 250-A Pro

VIESSMANN CLIMATE SOLUTIONS UK has launched a 40kW air source heat pump for larger properties, public sector applications and small- to mid-scale commercial installations. Providing heating and cooling within a single appliance, the Vitocal 250-A Pro has an impressive Coe cient of Performance (CoP) of 5.32 at A7/W35 (outside air temperature 7°C and DHW 35°C). www.viessmann-climatesolutions.com/en.html

Dirty Scrubbers heavy duty abrasive wipes

ARCTIC HAYES HAS LAUNCHED heavy duty abrasive wipes that have been engineered for maximum durability and versatility, making them ideal for cleaning hands, tools and surfaces after a long, messy day. Built to handle a wide range of tough substances such as adhesives, caulk, oil, paint, PU foam, silicone, grease and gutter seal, these wipes provide an all-in-one cleaning solution for professionals on the go. www.arctic-hayes.com

UGO Access multi-tool

SECURITY EQUIPMENT SPECIALIST Vimpex has launched the UGO Access, the ultimate tool for HVAC engineers. It features multiple keys, each of which can be folded out when required, for accessing utility cupboards, riser doors, gas meter cupboards, valve cabinets and more. www.vimpex.co.uk

Mag One DUO

THE GRANT MAG ONE DUO is a universal filter designed to give system protection for both traditional boiler and air source heat pump heating systems by preventing the build-up of non-ferrous debris and magnetite in the pipework. Compatible with traditional fossil fuel systems, including oil-fired boilers, as well as low temperature air source heat pump systems, the Mag One DUO captures fine particles to ensure maximum system protection. www.grantuk.com

TOOLS

HEAT PUMP

WIPES

BOILER

Regenerating wastewater infrastructure

Silicon Valley’s ageing water infrastructure has been replaced with a modern tunnel and pipeline design along a crucial section of California’s sewer system

Much of the water and wastewater infrastructure in the US is in a critical condition. Without adequate maintenance and proactive financial planning, the infrastructure risks operating beyond its useful life.

The vital sewer upgrade in Redwood City, California, capable of withstanding earthquakes and extreme weather, addresses multiple priorities, including replacing the ageing infrastructure, adapting to more stringent regulations, increasing system reliability and responding to the risks posed by climate change.

Silicon Valley Clean Water (SVCW), a joint powers authority operating the connected sewer systems and treatment plant for Redwood City, San Carlos, Belmont and the West Bay Sanitary District in California, worked with engineering and sustainable development provider Arup to meet these priorities head on.

SVCW launched the Regional Environmental Sewer Conveyance Upgrade (RESCU) programme to modernise the system and build resilient and durable water treatment infrastructure for its communities. Central to the programme was a $253 million gravity pipeline, a key project delivered using the Progressive Design Build (PDB) project delivery method, and a first for the tunnel industry.

The RESCU programme consisted of multiple projects to improve the reliability of SVCW’s wastewater conveyance and treatment system. In collaboration with Montana-based heavy civil construction experts Barnard Construction and the French tunnel boring specialists Bessac, Arup

“Designing sewer pipelines is challenging”

co-located with SVCW to design the replacement of the ageing wastewater force main with a 3.3-mile gravity pipeline. Multidisciplinary services were employed to realise the project, including geotechnical, tunnelling, hydraulics, civil, electrical, mechanical, structural and seismic engineering, along with materials analysis.

“Designing sewer pipelines is challenging, especially when designing for durability,” says a spokesperson for Arup. “Our approach considered the exposure conditions presented by the ground and groundwater outside the tunnel, and the unique warm and corrosive conditions inside the pipeline. It is unusual to design sewer systems for a 100-year lifespan, because materials tend not to last long when exposed to sewage. Several corrosion-resistant lining alternatives were considered, but ultimately a fibreglass reinforced plastic mortar (FRPM) pipe was selected to ensure durability.”

Gravity pipeline

The existing force main pipeline has been replaced with a 3.3-mile, 13.5ft internal diameter precast concrete-lined tunnel, housing an 11ft and 10ft

The new tunnel and microbial corrosion-resistant pipeline is designed to last for 100 years

CALIFORNIA | INTERNATIONAL

Crunching the numbers

$253m gravity pipeline

The PDB project delivery method accelerated design items critical for achieving project milestones, resulting in about a six-month reduction in project schedule

3.3-MILE tunnel

100-YEAR design life

13.5ft

internal diameter precast concrete-lined tunnel 11ft and 10ft

diameter FRPM pipeline

diameter FRPM pipeline. The 15.5ft outside diameter tunnel was constructed using an earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (TBM). In July 2019, SVCW and Redwood City held a competition to name the TBM, which was given the moniker ‘Salus’ after the Roman goddess of health and wellbeing.

The tunnel was excavated in two tunnel drives from a 60ft by 60ft diaphragm wall launch shaft. Two 40ft, 20ft-span sequential excavation method tunnels were dug to launch the

Progressive procurement

TBM. The first tunnel drive was excavated approximately a mile to the south, with the majority of the tunnel excavated adjacent to an active regional airport. The tunnel then passed under a tidal estuary prior to entering a 25ft by 60ft TBM retrieval shaft. A permanent vortex drop shaft will serve as the connection between SVCW’s existing Menlo Park force main and the new gravity pipeline. A pipe jacked adit, midway along the first tunnel drive, provides a permanent connection to the existing Belmont and San Carlos systems, which combine flow within a new hydraulic ba e drop structure.

The second tunnel drive terminates with a 36ft-wide retrieval shaft in front of the SVCW wastewater treatment plant. The shaft will be used as a surge and flow splitter for the new headworks facility.

Collaboratively focused design

When the project was awarded, the solutions for the drop structures, connecting pipework and temporary diversions were not resolved. Arup’s hydraulic and civil

engineers led workshops with SVCW’s operations and maintenance team and BBJV to identify solutions that were compatible with the project’s design criteria.

Arup also worked closely with SVCW’s and BBJV’s preferred suppliers to develop shop drawings for the unique drop shafts that accurately convey the design intent.

SVCW procured the gravity pipeline using PDB. This is a new approach for the North American tunnel industry, which allows for greater collaboration between the owner, designer and contractor to workshop potential designs and arrive at a preferred solution. Arup co-located for two-and-a-halfyears with SVCW, Barnard-Bessac Joint Venture (BBJV) and the design build team to manage technical challenges, develop cost-e ective solutions and ensure SVCW’s RESCU programme success factors were embedded in the design. The process included:

• Partnering workshops to enhance project transparency and team communication

• Big Room workshops to facilitate critical decision-making, such as the approach to corrosion-resistant tunnel linings, energy dissipation structures and TBM launch configuration

• Pull planning with all parties early on to identify where the project schedule could be accelerated.

“Arup presented a convincing team of tunnelling project experts who brought with them a strong collaborative approach to project delivery,” says Teresa Herrera, manager at SVCW. “There were many decisions to make in the design phase of this project and Arup provided the necessary information throughout this stage to allow the project to develop within SVCW’s delineated schedule and available budget.”

Risky business

Minimise the danger of biohazards with appropriate planning and PPE

Plumbing and heating engineers will come across a range of workplace hazards throughout their careers. Biohazards are particularly dangerous and can be fatal without the appropriate safety precautions.

Risk factors

According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), sites where groundwork, refurbishment or demolition work is taking place are more likely to be affected. Common risk factors for exposure to biological hazards that could cause disease include:

• Bird droppings: inhaling dust or water droplets containing contaminated bird faeces can lead to several diseases, including psittacosis (a flu-like illness that can lead to pneumonia).

• Discarded needles: needlestick injuries can lead to exposure to blood-borne viruses including hepatitis B&C and HIV.

• Rat urine: rat urine, or water contaminated with it, can cause leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) if it enters the body via a cut or gets into the nose, mouth or eyes.

• Sewage or animal faeces: exposure to either can mean the risk of infection

Useful links

For more information about dealing with biohazards:

• Working with sewage – the health hazards – A guide for employees: www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg197.pdf

• Working with sewage – the health hazards – A guide for employers: www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg198.pdf

• How to carry out a COSHH risk assessment: www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/ basics/assessment.htm

“If biological hazards are suspected, a risk assessment will be necessary”

from E. coli, a bacterium that can cause stomach problems or more serious illness.

• Stagnant water in water systems: could contain Legionella bacteria, which can cause Legionnaires’ disease if contaminated droplets are inhaled.

Minimising risks

If biological hazards are suspected, a risk assessment will be necessary to ensure the correct work methods and equipment are used. The HSE suggests the following to prevent or reduce exposure to hazardous substances:

• Find out what the health hazards are

• Decide how to prevent harm to health with a risk assessment

• Provide control measures and make sure they are used

• Keep all control measures in good working order

• Provide information, instruction and training for workers and others

• Provide monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases

• Plan for emergencies

Occupational hygiene

From protective clothing to good hygiene, it’s important that engineers follow the correct protocols to stay safe. Good hygiene practices should include:

• Washing hands and forearms before eating, drinking, smoking, using the telephone, taking medication, applying makeup, inserting contact lenses etc.

• Covering existing cuts and grazes with

waterproof dressings and/or gloves before starting work. If cuts and grazes occur during work, wash immediately with soap and running water and apply a waterproof dressing.

• Taking rest and meal breaks away from the main work area.

• Avoiding hand-mouth or hand-eye contact when in contaminated areas – for example, workers should not put pens or pencils in the mouth.

• Disposing of all contaminated waste safely.

• The HSE advises having dedicated areas for storing clean and contaminated equipment, separate from eating areas.

Personal protective equipment

• Following a risk assessment, personal protective equipment (PPE) may be necessary. It’s important to choose the right type to minimise exposure:

• Eyes: safety spectacles, goggles, face screens, face shields and visors.

• Lungs: respiratory protective equipment (RPE) includes respirators which filter contaminants from workplace air. These can be simple filtering facepieces and respirators or power-assisted respirators.

Legislation

By law, all sites must have adequate welfare and washing facilities, irrespective of whether biological hazards are present. Facilities must include:

• A sink large enough to wash hands, face and forearms.

• Hot, cold or warm (preferably running) water, soap (or other cleaning products) and towels (or other means of drying).

• When dealing with sewage, nail brushes and disposable paper towels should be provided in addition to the usual facilities. If heavy contamination is expected, showers will be necessary.