Source by Joel Hawkins

SO U RC E 1.

joel hawkins, mfa

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

presented with a multitude of color photographs and sketches. As part of a portfolio of t h i n k i n g a n d d e s i g n . presented in one volume.

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

san fr ancisco, usa

CONTENTS

Print / Web

PROSTHETIC SOUL

QUESTIONING THE

SUBURBAN DREAM ONE FOR YOU, ONE FOR ME

BOYS TO MENNEN

WHAT IF NOTHING CHANGES?

Poster

PARAMETER

112

THIS DID NOT GO WELL

120

BEST CASE

146

Print Branding / Packaging / Print / Web

Identity / Packaging / Web / Print Web / Print / Identity

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.m.x.i.i.

concept

Inspired by classic encyclopedias and other reference books, this portfolio serves as a repository for all my best work from my time at AAU in San Francisco. My design process involves lots of research and scouring source materials for insights and opportunities. At a personal level, everything reminds me of something else, and I'm always trying to connect ideas back to an original thought or condition.

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

san fr ancisco, usa

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins dissection to separ ate them. the sk in w ill no longer slide upon the fascia, but w ill have to be car efully dissected from it and tur ned back lik e a sleeve ; the muscles, too, can not be r etr acted, at the time of the oper ation, w ithout much difficulty, but w ill mak e up for this by excessive shr ink age at a later per iod. ther e is danger, ther efor e, that the bone may not. the sk in saved for this pur pose need not he in the for m of a cuff; in feet, this for m is not that best adapted to the for mation of a symmetr ical stomp,

uments ar e easily r etr acted to the r equisite extent by simply

ting the few br idles of loose con nective tissue w hich tie it

n to the fascia, and the muscles ar e as easily separ ated from

bone by dividing their attachments at the linea asper a. this

ation is, ther efor e, w ell adapted to cases of pr imary a mpu-

ion for injury, and to such chronic cases as have not been at-

ded w ith infla mmation of the parts in w hich the incisions ar e

e made. if, on the other hand, w e have to deal w ith a case in

san fr ancisco, usa differ ent parts of the circumfer ence of the limb made two very

the edge of the a mputating k nife, by changing its dir ection in

elliptical flaps. sir char les bell cut the sk in in this for m w ith

the first incision of the sk in by cutting it in the for m of semi-

oper ation, or w hat a mounts to near ly the sa me thing, to modify

been proposed to r emove the projecting angles at the time of the

the cuff fit, and the mor e prominent ar e the " ears " of sk in. it has

e. the flatter) the for m of the muscular section, the worse does

of the wound, w hich never w holly disappear . the mor e per fect (i.

for ther e w ill always be prominent " ears " of sk in at the angles

car e, how ever, that their united lengths shall somew hat exc

for m, and may be either of equal or unequal dimensions, ta

other hand, two flaps be made, they must be cut of a r ectangu

be slightly gr eater than the dia meter of the limb. if, on

chosen, its fr ee extr emity must be rounded, and its length sho

to or a little gr eater than the dia meter of the limb. if a singl

ioning it in the for m of either one or two flaps of a br eadth eq

of the sk in to the subjacent cut sur faces may be obtained by f

the soft parts by a circular incision. the most per fect adapta

thin naps by tr ansfixing the limb, and completed the sectio

.m.x.i.i.

tissues so fir mly glued together that it w ill r equir e a labor ious

w hich the limb has become infla med, w e shall find the var ious

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

may be easily and expeditiously per for med; the divided in-

he nor mal condition of the tissues of the thigh, this oper a-

project

» Title

c l a s s » Title

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Printed for Joel M. Hawkins be effected by first intention or by gr anulation. the end of the stump w ill be flat, or per haps slightly rounded, w ith a centr al depr ession cor r esponding to the end of the bone, and w ill in most instances be capable of sustaining consider able pr essur e. the w hole stump tapers symmetr ically, and is admir ably fitted to support the w eight of the body in the conical sock et of a moder n artificial limb. if this method is adopted in cases in w hich the tissues have become consolidated and adher ent to each other

r ee, upon the natur e of the lesion for w hich the a mputation

r for med. be sufficiently protected by the soft parte, and a

stump may be the consequence. this oper ation, ther efor e, an-

rs better for pr imary than for secondary a mputations, and i

k it can be show n that for the latter class of cases, another

hod (the double-flap oper ation of ver male) is to be pr efer r ed.

r esults of this oper ation, w hen per for med upon a proper class

san fr ancisco, usa

er ent sides of the limb, and w ill ther efor e depend, in a gr eat

in which, the phenomenon k now n as ph a ntom limb sy n drome is ex plor ed a n d used as a meta phor for emotiona l or u ni v ersa l loss. the book is used as a promotion for a ppleton's new pa per li ne ca lled r ecov er . demand a special descr iption. its chief peculiar ity consists in

is, nevertheless, so differ ent from the common oper ation as to

tion of the thigh and ar m, a method by circular incisions w hich

of a hollow cone. lar r ey and dupu ytr en adopted, in the a mputa-

the incisions ar e so managed as to give to the section the for m

tion of the soft parts. circular a mputation of the thigh, in w hich

the bone at the highest possible point above the level of the sec-

car e must be tak en to r etr act the muscles strongly, and to saw

sect up the sk in in the for m of flaps than of a cuff, and especial

project 01

the limb, dividing everything to the bone. a thir d, and, if ne

base of w hich the k nife is again applied, and again car r ied ro

sur face of the muscles at once assumes the for m of a cone, at

divides all the soft parts near ly or quite to the bone. the

possible, and the surgeon, by a single circular sw eep of the k

dupu ytr en. an assistant dr aws up the sk in and flesh as muc

circular incisions, and is most r eadily obtained by the metho

the bone the apex. this for m is the r esult of sever al consecu

w hich the cut margin of the sk infor ms the base, and the en

the for m of the section, w hich is that of a deep hollow cone,

PROSTHETIC SOUL Or, an experiment in Promotion and Amputation.

from the effect of pr evious infla mmation, it w ill be easier to dis-

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mer ated, ar e such as leave little to be desir ed, w hether the cur e

of subjects and w ith a due r egar d to the thr ee points above enu-

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

s must often be decided by the state of the integuments on

dia meter of the limb. the choice betw een these differ ent

project

» Prosthetic Soul

c l a s s » Type 3

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Prosthetic Soul

c l a s s » Type 3

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

the bone. a thir d, and, if necessary, a fourth or fifth, circular

parts would be produced by mak ing an incision through them all

one sw eep of the k nife. in this a mputation, w hich as simplified by

gr a n ul a

tion of the deepest muscular layers may be made with the gr eat-

in a conical for m ; but that such an incision is impr acticable in the

dupu ytr en is extr emely r apid and br illiant, the natur e of the cur e

rou nded

r apidity, and the bone is saw n in the tr ack of the last incision.

or dinary mode of oper ating, nor is it necessary for the for mation

will depend almost wholly upon the height above the first incision

importa

this way the bone may be saw n as high even as six inches above

of a good stump." the extr emity of the stump pr esents the for m of

at which the bone is saw n. if the conical cavity be made too shallow,

this r es

e first in. sever a l older surgeons use this expr ession as appli-

a deep conical cavity w ith the bone at its apex. lar r eyt oper ated

or if it become so from subsequent shr ink ing of the soft parts, the

ar r ived

ble to their ow n oper ations, but it does not appear that they

in the sa me m an ner, w ith the single exception that in the first

oper ation w ill approach in char acter the very imper fect one of

the firs

lly attained, or indeed aimed at, an ything mor e than a flat, or

incision he divided only the sk in and subcutaneous tissue which

par e ; but if, on the other band, it be of sufficient depth to admit

equal at

most a slightly concave section of the muscles. mr . hey, w hose

w er e r etr acted by a n assista nt, dur ing the per for m a nce of the

of the coaptation not only of the sk in but also of the muscular

m ay gen

cr iption of his method is near ly identical w ith that of lar r ey,

r est of the oper ation. default m a de sever a l circula r incisions,

sides of the cavity, extensive union may take place by first intention

danger,

project

Âť Prosthetic Soul

term

Âť Fall 2011

ati ng sur faces, a n d the en d of the stump w ill be w ell

tr eatment of the case, and ending per haps in a conical stump. no

both of muscle and of integument; a condition eminently favor able

ver male and

d, w ith the bone deeply bur ied at its centr e. it is highly

har m can ar ise from a r edundancy of soft parts, and much evil may

to extensive union by first intention. the sides of the wound ar e

a modified cir

nt to k now the measur ements w hich w ill probably ensur e

r esult from not saving enough. the r apid per for mance of this op-

easily brought together, and may be k ept in place by a few str ips

is pr eserved,

ult. the question has been discussed by sedillot, w ho has

er ation, in the way descr ibed, depends, as in the older circular

of a dhesi ve plaster, w hile the deeper muscula r sur faces a r e as

by means of t

at the conclusion that the distance betw een the level of

method, upon the la x condition of the subcutaneous and inter-

easily held in contact w ith each other by soft compr esses placed

limb. in its r

st incision and that of the section of the bone should be

muscular ar eolar tissue ; if ther e has been much infla mmation of

on opposite sides of the stump and confined by a few tur ns of a

w ith the adv

t least to thr ee fourths of the dia meter of the limb, and

the limb it w ill be difficult, if not impossible, to r etr act the soft

roller . e xcellen t stumps m ay be m a de by this m ethod, w hich,

w ith much gr

ner a lly be m a de even gr eater w ith a dva ntage. the gr eat

parts sufficiently. the principal advantage of this mode of amputat-

how ever, except in the man ner of its per for mance, has less r esem-

mor e lik ely t

particular ly in a very long stump, is that the bone w ill be

ing is the facility w hich it affor ds for the per fect adaptation to

blance to the ordinary circular, than to the double-flap oper ation.

the section o

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Prosthetic Soul

c l a s s » Type 3

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Prosthetic Soul

term

» Fall 2011

war ds. the r esult is substantia lly the sa me as in the method of

the deepest muscular fibr es, w hich ar e attached immediately to

then car r ied dow n war ds w ith a saw ing motion, still gr azing the

the l

r evenue, but, from the man ner of cutting the flaps, they ar e mor e

the femur and therefore retr act but little, are preserved of near ly

bone, until about ha lf the length of the flap has been cut ; the

thigh

or less rou nded a nd thin ned at their fr ee extr emities, so as to

the sa me length as the super ficial muscles; and, finally, ther e ar e

edge of the k nife is now to be tur ned obliquely outwar ds, and the

finge

admit of the margins of the sk in being dr aw n together to for m a

no angles of sk in to for m "ears," as in the common circular oper a-

section completed, thus gi v i ng to the extr emit y of the fla p a

in th

cover ing for the end of the stump. in this oper ation the w hole

tion. the double-flap a mputation is gener ally per for med in one of

curved outline. the other flap is for med in the sa me man ner . an

lang

muscula r substa nce of the limb is pr eserved for sever a l inches

two ways — either by tr ansfixing the limb and cutting the flaps

inexper ienced oper ator m ay fail to tr ansfix the limb symmetr i-

w ith

below the point of section of the bone ; the tissues, of w hich the

from w ithin outwar ds, or by cutting them from w ithout in war ds.

cally — that is, he may not mak e the k nife come out through the

in a d

flaps ar e for med, lie in their or iginal position, and in most cases

in the oper ation by tr ansfixion, the point of the k nife is plunged

sk in at a point ex actly opposite to that at w hich it enter ed. this

pr ese

r eadily adher e to each other, for ming a round and fleshy stump ;

at once to the bone, with which it should be kept closely in contact

is a matter of very little consequence, but a begin ner may easily

for m

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Prosthetic Soul

c l a s s » Type 3

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Title

c l a s s » Title

term

» Title

i n s t r u c t o r » Name

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

Âť Prosthetic Soul

term

Âť Fall 2011

of a semi-circle, whose r adius was equal to a fourth of the circum-

facilitates the coaptation of the soft parts and diminishes the

where the bone is to be saw n. great care should be taken to preserve

dir ec

fer ence of the limb at the point selected for the section of the

danger of injur ious tension upon the sutur es. another, and by no

the w hole thick ness of the muscles at the base of the flaps, and

some

bone. an incision was made in the course of the lines thus mar k ed

mea ns the least, mer it of this oper ation is the certa int y w ith

not to thin them except in the dista l ha lf of their length. the

of gu

out, through the integuments first, w hich w er e dr aw n upwar ds

w hich it enables an inexper ienced oper ator to mak e a good stump.

oper ation by tr ansfixion is the most r apid, and is the one gener-

plan

by an assistant, and then obliquely through the muscles. after the

in this oper ation the length of the flaps must depend in some degr ee

a lly to be pr efer r ed, but ther e is no objection to either of the

gene

soft parts wer e thus completely divided, the r etr actor was applied,

upon the r ange of contr actility of the muscles w hich enter into

other methods. in cutting from w ithin outwar ds, a little a ddi-

to la

and the bone saw n as high as possible bet w een the flaps. in this

their for mation, or, in other wor ds, the near er to the k nee the

tional skin may be saved by dr awing the integuments gently upwards

r ath

oper ation the for m of the flaps, owing to the tapering of the thigh,

a mputation is per for med the longer should the flaps be cut. as a

towar ds the body befor e cutting them through. the flaps may be

m ay e

is almost ex actly the sa me as in the method by tr ansfixion as just

gener a l rule, the length of the flaps should be equa l to thr ee

held in pr etty good contact w ith each other by str ips of adhesive

musc

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins u nion by first intention or by the a dhesion of the gr a nulating sur faces. the vascular connections of the flaps ar e not distur bed, and their nutr ition is ther efor e mor e per fect than in the case of a cuff or flaps of integument only. the end of the bone is deeply bur ied betw een the flaps, but it does not pr ess upon them, for it is protected by the projection beyond it of the deep muscular fibr es. the stump bears neglect and bad usage dur ing the after-tr eatment r em ar k a bly w ell, and w ill gener a lly tur n out w ell even in the

he cicatr ix and cause a painful or tender stump. the double-flap

ation may be per for med w ith near ly equal facility in all con-

ons of the tissues, from the . state of per fect hea lth, as in

ary a mputation for sudden injury, to the fir m consolidation

he parts w hich r esults from the effusion and organization of

a mmatory products. in the latter class of cases, ther efor e, it

rs m ater i a l a dva ntages ov er a n y of the a pprov ed circula r

hods, both in ease and r apidity of per for mance and in the per-

san fr ancisco, usa should then be divided, the r etr actor applied, and the femur saw n

sweep of the knife. the attachments of the bone at the linea asper a

and the section of the soft parts is completed by a single circular

wher e the bone is to be saw n. after cutting the flap it is lifted up,

it should somew hat exceed the dia meter of the limb at the point

the whole cut surface without stretching; in length and in breadth

over the face of the stump, and it must be large enough to cover

flap should be cut r ather thin, in or der that it may be easily bent

either by tr a nsfixion or by cutting from w ithout in wa r ds. the

hands of a very unskillful dr esser. the oper ation may be per for med

in the for m gi v en to the cov er ing of integument, by w hich

from the common circular method; the chief differ ence cons

per for med in this man ner, does not differ mater ially in pr inc

aided by str ips of adhesive plaster. the single-flap oper ation, w

the end of the stump and r etained in its place by a few sutu

stump. in dr essing the wound, the flap should be folded neatly

of secondary hemorrhaging, or, in the latter, of a painful or te

thickness of the flap, else ther e w ill be danger, in the for mer c

must be ta k en not to i nclude a n y la rge v essel or nerv e i n

an inch or two above the tr ansverse section of the muscles. c

.m.x.i.i.

to the ex act coaptation of the soft parts, w hether w e hope for

fection of the immediate r esult. the for m of the wound is favor able

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

flap ; if this happens to be the case, it should be dr aw n out of

heath and divided as high as possible, lest it become engaged

project

» Prosthetic Soul

c l a s s » Type 3

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

nal length ; the short flap may then be cut off at the same point

her point and cut the long flap at once of the r equisite addi-

k e a separ ate incision, for w e need only tr ansfix the limb at a

osite side of the limb. for this pur pose it is not necessary to

the pr incipal flap, and for ming a second shorter flap upon the

litting up the soft parts for a couple of inches, thus lengthen-

nudation of the bone in the last oper ation may be effected also

an if it w er e centr a l. method w ith t wo u nequa l flaps. — the

s, per haps, mor e in the way of pr essur e and of accidental injury

fit admir ably to each other, for ming a w ell-rounded stump, w ith

if, now, the flaps have been cut of just the r ight length, they w ill

flap is cut from the tissues of the calf, and a short one in front.

knee, as per for med by liston, fergusson and others, in which a long

wound. such, in fact, is the well-k now n flap a mputation below the

th at it m ay be bent ov er a nd m a de to fit the w hole face of the

one of the flaps elongated and rounded at its fr ee extr emity, so

oper ation then r esembles the double flap method of eavaton, w ith

of the bone been effected as in the common circular oper ation. the

upon the r ange of contr actility of the muscles w hich enter into

in this oper ation the length of the flaps must depend in some degr ee

w hich it enables an inexper ienced oper ator to mak e a good stump.

no means the least, mer it of this oper ation is the certainty w ith

thick cushion of soft tissues over its extr emity. another, and by

arc immediately attached to it, and not by attempting to mak e a

to lie protected by the projection beyond it of the muscles w hich

common circular oper ation, and for the sa me r eason; the hone is

a fter . this m a noeu v r e is of the sa me importa nce her e as in the

other methods. in cutting from w ithin outwar ds, a little a d

a lly to be pr efer r ed, but ther e is no objection to either of t

oper ation by tr ansfixion is the most r apid, and is the one gen

not to thin them except in the dista l ha lf of their length. t

the w hole thick ness of the muscles at the base of the flaps, a

where the bone is to be saw n. great care should be taken to prese

fourths or seven eighths of the dia meter of the limb at the po

gener a l rule, the length of the flaps should be equa l to th

a mputation is per for med the longer should the flaps be cut. a

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

c l a s s » Type 3

» Fall 2011 term

» Prosthetic Soul project

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Prosthetic Soul

c l a s s » Type 3

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Ariel Grey

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Title

term

» Title

a house may be str ictly adapted to its uses and clear ly expr ess its

devotion to mer e liter a l utilit y, is too fr equently displayed in

sate the lack of a salubr ious atmospher e. such a defect, unless its

air a

pur pose, and yet be a very unsatisfactory dw elling for a person of

rur a l house-building in this cou ntry. it w ill disappear as taste

causes come clea r ly w ithin the purch aser's control, should be

sa me

taste and cultur e and a per petual blemish in the landscape. it may

and cultur e advance, and the love of the beautiful, inher ent in

consider ed fatal. the vicinity of stagnant swa mps and marshes ;

shou

h av e comforta ble rooms, w ell distr ibuted in r elation to each

every man and woman, is called out and developed. let the r eader

the bor ders of sluggish str eams ; and all situations wher e the soil

satis

other and their uses ; w indows, doors, chimneys, etc., of the proper

bear in mind, then, the fact, that every house, how ever humble,

is too r etentive of moistur e and can not be easily and thoroughly

can b

size and in their proper places; and air, water, and war mth w ell

dr ained, shouldi nbe avoided. a house in such a situation s t car r u c tefully o r » Name is no less uncomfortable than healthful, being continually da mp

ings

provided for, and yet mak e a very unsatisfactory impr ession.

should may be char acter ized by these thr ee qualities: adaptac l a s sand » Title tion to use; expr ession of pur pose; and, manifestation of beauty.

the sentiment of beauty may find no expr ession in it. the w indows

in selecting a site for a country house, man y circumstances should

and chilly. elevated grounds in the immediate vicinity of extensive

ser io

majo

SOURCE » a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

project 02

QUESTIONING THE SUBURBAN DREAM Is this still how we define success? in which, the impacts of a lack of susta i na ble subur ba n pla n ni ng on the hea lth a n d h a ppi ness of this a n d futur e gener ations is consider ed. as w ell as ways to use cur r ent methods a n d idea ls to cr eate a pr agm atic li v i ng space w ith the r esources w e a lr ea dy h av e. the book is the summ ation of a semester's worth of r esea rch a n d field wor k .

ok ing, as w ell as for washing. con venience of access: in m a n y

habits of the fa mily w ill have a controlling influence. one w ill

ground, w hich must, ther efor e, always enter into the account. it

tude: a s

es near ness to one's place of business, or to the r ailway station

seek the fr equent«d str eet or highway, while another will choose

sometimes costs mor e to pr epar e the grounds for building than to

prospect

stea mboat la nding, has natur a lly consider a ble influence in

a quiet lane or an out-of-the-way nook. it is not necessary, as man y

build the house. this is w ell enough w hen advantages ar e secur ed

— but is

er mining the choice of a lot. this circumsta nce should not,

seem to suppose, th at a fa r m-house or the r esidence of a m a n of

w hich r ea lly war r ant the outlay; but the circumstance should

shelter e

w ever, have too much w eight. an additional quarter of a mile

leisur e should be close to the highway. a sufficient distance from

have its due w eight in deter mining ones choice. the adaptation of

tr ees, bl

ded to the tr i-daily walk of a man of sedentary employments may

it to avoid the noise and dust, and secur e pr ivacy and quiet, is far

the sur rounding soil to the pur pose of cultur e and the grow th

ar e equa

an advantage r ather than otherw ise ; and often a much better

pr efer able; but at the sa me time, unless one desir es to cut himself

of tr ees may be consider ed under the same head. a good gar den plot

unk now

e can be obtained for the sa me a mount of money by for egoing

off from all intercourse w ith the wor ld, his house should be easy

in the vicinit y of the house is very desir able, but w e find little

of hilly

e slight a dva ntages of a mor e centr a l loca lit y. w her e mer e

of access. suitableness of ground: the cost of building, digging

soil in this country that may not easily be brought to the desir ed

stands f

project

Âť Questioning the Suburban Dream

term

Âť Fall 2010

somew h at elevated site h as m a n y a dva ntages, beaut y of

another behind. one of the worst sites is the steep unifor m side of

all climates we should, if possible, secure a barrier either of higher

should be so

t, salubr ity and dry ness of air, facilities for dr ainage, etc.

a hill, closely sur rounded by other hills equally high and steep.

grounds or thick belts of tr ees (evergr eens ar e best) on the side

pear ance, bei

s gener ally compar atively difficult of access, and unless

the style of building you propose to er ect (if first decided upon)

of the house look ing in the dir ection from w hich violent stor ms

tr ees, etc.: a

ed on the north and w est by higher grounds or by belts of

must be considered with reference to this point. a plain, low cottage

most fr equently come. the north side of a high hill or r idge, wher e

a shelter and

leak and uncomfortable in w inter . some valleys, how ever,

very proper ly nestles in some quiet nook at the base of a hill or

the dir ect r ays of the sun would be excluded for a large portion

to the va lue

ally bleak, the w ind sw eeping through them w ith a pow er

r idge, while the mor e pr etending or namental villa may with equal

of the time, is entir ely u nfit for a building site, su nlight being

point, that w

n even on the hill-top. loudon says, that of all var ieties

propr iety crow n its summit. aspect: the choice of an aspect should

every where essential to health and comfort. in a northern climate,

such situati

sur face, the most desir able site is wher e a prominent knoll

be deter mined mainly by local and climatic consider ations ; a fr ee

a souther n or southeaster n exposur e w ith shelter ing hills on the

doubtless, pr

forwar d from a lengthened r idge, and w her e the latter

play for the cooling br eeze being essenti a l in one place, a nd a

north is gener ally pr efer r ed. in r efer ence to the main points from

not hope to l

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Questioning the Suburban Dream

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

term

» Fall 2010

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Questioning the Suburban Dream

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

term

» Fall 2010

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins situation of the var ious rooms, halls, closets, pantry, etc., and the ex act place of stairs, chimneys, doors, and w indows, should all bo deter mined befor e the first stak e is dr iven to mar k its outlines upon the ground if this course be not adopted, ser ious and expensi v e mista k es a r e a lmost sur e to be m a de, a n d money wasted i n needless alter ations. if you do not k now w hat you want, you ar e not pr epar ed to build, and should wait till your necessities and tastes have assumed definite for ms. "w hile your house is yet only

a clear run ning str ea m, a sheet of water in r epose, a pic-

ue ledge of rock, a shaded, naiad-haunted r avine, etc. ; but

r e not gener ally included in a village lot, and do not come

the r each of all. let each secur e w hatever of beauty and

t he can in his house and its sur roundings, and "lear n ther e-

be content." no man should commence the er ection of even

llest cottage w ithout having pr eviously adopted a w ell

d and fully matur ed plan. it is not enough that he may have

san fr ancisco, usa r able in itself, and yet unsuited to a particular spot. it must be

must be a dapted to the site you have chosen. a plan may be a dmi-

things to be taken into consider ation. in the first place, your house

every light, look ed at from every point of v iew. ther e ar e m an y

or offer ed by another. it should be car efully studied, ex a mined in

poster ity. adopt no plan hastily, w hether conceived by yourself

to it that it be such a r ecor d as you ar e w illing should be r ead by

br ick and mortar, it has become a matter of endur ing r ecor d. see

changing w hims; but w hen your thought has once shaped itself in

a pa per cottage or v illa it m ay easily be ch a nged to meet your

a nd so on, a r e certa inly desir a ble; but if you h ave but seven o

of his plan. r eception-rooms, dr aw ing rooms, libr ar ies, boudoirs

can appropr iate to building w ill gr eatly influence the char acter

pecu niary r esources ar e limited, the a mou nt of money w hich he

in m asses, is equa lly subject to the gr eat law of fitness. if one'

scape around, but its outlines upon the ground, its ar r angemen

influenced by the contour and aspect of the featur es of the land

w ith it. not mer ely the style and gener al char acter of a house ar

the plan be adopted first, the site must be selected in accor danc

look ed at, then, in r efer ence to the ground it is to occupy ; or if

.m.x.i.i.

er ect. a ll the details of its inter na l ar r angement, the size and

a gener al idea of the for m and size of the building he pur poses to

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

t sacr ificing other a nd mor e importa nt consider ations,

t is desir able to include in one's grounds, when pr acticable,

project

» Questioning the Suburban Dream

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

term

» Fall 2010

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

r site, and what amount of accommodations the sum you purpose

u in debt. having decided what sort of a house is best adapted to

all house wholly paid for, than in a large one which has involved

end upon it, you w ill enjoy a much larger sum of happiness in a

con venience or luxury you ca n a dd. do not pla n too largely.

olutely essential to your comfort, and then w hat appliances

thr ee distinct uses. consider first w hat accommodations ar e

mber of rooms, mak ing, if necessary, sever al of them serve two

t them a ll into your pla n. you must be content w ith a sm a ll

ingly, r emember ing th at the first gr a nd r equir ement of ev ery

household constantly in view, and adopt, modify, or r eject accor d-

adoption of one of them, keep the r equir ements of your particular

study ing those w hich w e offer in this wor k, w ith a v iew to the

proba bly to a da pt it to your pur pose; so in m a k ing a pla n, or in

finds "just the thing," would r equir e consider a ble modification

in their domestic habits, and a house w hich your neighbor brow n

tastes of yourself and family. no two households ar e ex actly alike

a mount of accommodation best subserve the particular wants and

circle in shape and in economy of outside wall. this for m is, in our

on, this shape is not a desir able one. the octagon approaches the

although round houses have been built, as w e shall show further

the extent of the wall may be included in the circular for m, but,

choice of a plan. gener al for m: the largest space in proportion to

gener a l pr inciples w hich should gover n in the development or

suit indi v idua l cases ; but w e w ill her e br iefly a dv ert to some

sible for us to give either dir ections or plans that w ill ex actly

individual wants and tastes ar e infinitely var ied, r enders it impos-

ar r angement of rooms. man y pr efer it to all others. a squar e ho

economical in point of outside wall, and allows the most comp

common for ms adopted in house-building, the squar e is the m

those w ho may desir e to see w hat can be said in its favor . of t

tion of its super ior ity over all others. to that wor k we must r e

with an ear nestness which could only come from thorough con v

chapter. o. s. fowler, in his " home for all," has advocated this fo

a nd disa dva ntages, w e gi ve pla ns of octagon houses in a noth

portunity to judge for themselves in r efer ence to its advanta

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

» Fall 2010 term

» Questioning the Suburban Dream project

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

m pr evailing w inds and stor ms enjoyment of particular views

compass, the pr incipa l objects to be k ept in v iew ar e: shelter

d the disposition of its var ious rooms in r efer ence to the points

d stor ms. aspect: w ith r egar d to the aspect of a dwelling-house,

lter another and mor e important one from pr evailing w inds

r e var ied aspects. one part can also often be so projected as to

ation to the high-pitched roof, gr eater pictur esqueness, and

nged for m, in its var ious modifications, ar e a mor e per fect ad-

o often ar e, a mer e char acter less box. on the advantages of the

n not easily be made pictur esque, but need not be, as such houses

ments of a dw elling. the con venience of the house as a whole must

have an influence in deciding the disposition of the var ious apart-

besides those mentioned in the pr eceding section should of course

of its coolness. ar r angement of booms: but other consider ations

in hot climates, a northern exposure is sometimes chosen on account

be avoided, our most disagreeable stor ms coming from that quarter.

middle states gener ally, a northeaster n aspect is, if possible, to

sur e is most desir able for the pr incipal rooms. in the norther n and

in cold and temper ate climates a souther n or southwester n expo-

affor ded by the situation; exposur e to or protection from the sun.

i n the pla ns pr esented i n other ch a pter s. h av i ng utilit y con-

together w ith those of other persons, w ill be found elabor ated

offer a few hints for gener al application. our ideas on this point,

families r equir ing pr ecisely the same accommodations. we can only

featur es, mode of construction, etc., will vary accor dingly, no two

the a r r a ngement of rooms, in common w ith the a rchitectur a l

pur pose, in its details, being a lmost infinitely var ied, of course

the entir e structur e to the pur pose for w hich it is er ected. this

the end to be secur ed is the most per fect adaptation possible of

not be sacr ificed to promote the comfort of a single apartment.

rooms, too, most closely r elated in their uses should be broug

consider ations w ill per mit, extended w ings and long passages. t

w e should study compactness, avoiding, so far as other importa

and con venience in per for ming the domestic labors of a househo

employ as few of them is possible. to promote the saving of lab

i n differ ent ones, r ather it desir a ble for ev en the w ea lth y

and the car es and vex ations attending the employment of bad

r ich as well as of the poor. the difficulty of getting good servan

ar r angement of rooms. this is necessary in the habitations of t

stantly in view, labor-saving must be made a prominent idea in o

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

43 » Fall 2010 term

» Questioning the Suburban Dream project

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Questioning the Suburban Dream

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

term

» Fall 2010

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

i n s t r u c t o r » Phil Hamlett

iate, in part at least, the objections to this plan. the entr ance

an having them on the sa me floor . a dumb waiter, how ever, w ill

or . this is a mor e elegant but a less con venient ar r angement

chen and its offices in it, and the dining-room on the pr incipal

chen. w hen ther e is a basement, some w ill pr efer to place the

ould be prov ided for in con nection w ith the dining-room and

o the other . to the sa me end, a pantry, sink-room, closets, etc.,

me time it is desir a ble that the one should not open dir ectly

affor d easy ingr ess and er ase from the k itchen, w hile at the

ar each other ; the dining-room, for instance, being so placed as

admit it. for spar e cha mbers, a par lor, etc.; w e do not, how ever, or

neglected, and provision must be ma de, in every plan w hich w ill

sick ness or other need. the duties of hospita lit y should not be

and ventilation, w hich can be used as a sleeping-room in case of

one room on the first floor provided w ith the means of war mth

towar d the north. when it is pr acticable, ther e should be at least

it should open towar d the south, east, or west, if possible, and not

or der to economize space, it is advisable to deviate from this rule.

access to every room on the first floor . in some plans, how ever, in

hall should gener ally be centr al in position, and if possible furnish

comforta ble room i n your house, w hether it be ca lled pa r lor ,

a dv ice, a n d if you h av e a peculi a r ly h a n dsome, agr eea ble, a n d

man y country dwellings, scarcely a dozen times in a year? take our

the only handsome room in the house, to be used, as is the case in

r eally pays to provide an elegant and comfortable par lor, per haps

be w ell for our very utilita r i a n people to consider w hether it

of entertaining occasional visitors mor e elegantly. would it not

family con venience and home-comfort, often made, for the pur pose

ourselves a nd fa milies, a nd w e protest aga inst the sacr ifice of

at least w e should not, build our houses for our guests, but for

gested by that of the rooms below. every house should have a ba

cor r idor, or passage. their distr ibution w ill gener a lly be s

lated, and each should have separ ate means of access to a ha

apartments should be of good size, w ell-lighted, and w ell-ven

on their a r r i va l for the first time in a month or t wo. sleep

feel much mor e at home ther e than in a room which has been open

guests ar r ive, w elcome them also to all its advantages. they w

efits by throw ing it open for daily fa mily occupancy ; and w h

your means w ill per mit, and then use it. avail yourself of its b

saloon, or dr aw ing-room, fur nish and ador n it in the best man

c l a s s » Visual Communication Lab

47 » Fall 2010 term

» Questioning the Suburban Dream project

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

shall be discussing these numbers in the chapter on the bino-

out, the contents fa ll into the t wo compa rtments below. each

thr ee compartments again have a single sheet of metal for their

pascal t

l theorem, and mentioning their relevance to problems of hered-

compartment r eceives approximately the sa me a mount, and at this

floor - it is not possible to r elease the mater ial from one of them

the appa

and of statistics. the appar atus has a pane of glass at the front.

stage w e have the mater ial divided in the r atio 1 to 1. the floor

w ithout at the sa me time r eleasing it from the others. w hen this

desir ed.

ind the glass can be seen var ious metal containers, ar r anged

of the two compartments, wher e the mater ial now is, consists of

floor is r emoved, the mater ial falls into the four compartments

somethi

how n in figur e 13. the floors of these containers ar e r emovable.

a single piece of metal. w hen this piece is pulled out, the mater ial

at the fourth level, and w e have r eached the situation show n in

binomia l

ey can be pulled out from behind the ca binet. in the diagr a m,

falls into the thr ee compartments at the next level. the middle

the illustr ation. it w ill be found that the mater ial is now shar ed

feeling

tially, all floors would be in position, and the top compartment

at the second level, while the end compartments ar e fed from only

tion, as you would expect, the r emaining floor piece is r emoved and

ematics

uld be filled w ith some suitable mater ial, such as sand, small

one. thus at this level the mater ial divides itself in the r atio 1:2:1,

the mater ia l divides itself a mong the five compartments of the

in figur e

Printed for Joel M.rHawkins e dotted lines indicate floors which have alr eady been r emoved. compartment eceives contr ibutions from both the compartments

san fr ancisco, usa out in the proportions 1 :3:3: 1. at the next stage of the demonstr a-

simply w

project

» Title

term

» Title

tr iangle. ther e is of course no need to stop at this point;

an equation may be lik ened to a balance. but we k now that to man y

v ided a bov e the bea m of the ba la nce, so th at negati v e w eights

ances. thus t

ar atus could be extended to show mor e stages if this w er e

students wor ds mean very little. w hy talk about a balance? w hy

pulling upwar ds could be ar r anged. the situation show n in figur e

a false step, a

. the a dva ntage of this dev ice was th at it gav e a class

not have a balance ther e in the room?' accor dingly he construct-

14 cor r esponds to the equation 4 — x = x — 2 . on the left, w e see

if the studen

ng to look at and think about dur ing a discussion of the

ed a balance, on which a simple equation could be r epr esented. for

four nuts pulling dow n and a matchbox x counter acting them; on

he might r ea

l theor em, and con veyed a certain fa miliar it y w ith and

w eights w hitworth nuts w er e used. matchboxes w er e mar k ed x,

the search for patter n r ight, a matchbox x pulls dow n, w ith two

stage the ma

for the cor r esponding distr ibutions of mater ia l, w hich

nuts counter acting it. the best way of using the balance is for the i n s t r u c t o r » Name student to w r ite dow n w hat he thinks the next step should be,

thr ee nuts. in

w r iting the numbers might w ell have failed to give. math-

and a teacher would put nuts into these boxes, the sa me number c l a s s » Title in each. even a homemade balance is r emar k ably sensitive, and this

through the hand the algebr aic balance the device show n

sensitivity had to be cut dow n by putting in some extr a fr iction;

and then to alter the w eights on the balance so as to r epr esent

the idea see

e 14 was used r ight at the begin ning of an algebr a course.

otherwise the scale might appear to be out of balance simply because

the new equation. if he has made a mistak e, the scales w ill imme-

question abo

piece. r ather

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

cess in mathematics is very much a matter of having a feeling

a lways be consider ed as a possible a pproach. gr a phs ther efor e

it is all about, is as much an emotional as an intellectual thing.

human h

what is going on, not blindly following the steps of the for mal

should per meate all mathematical wor k; one should for m the habit

it comes only from r epeated use. it is no use, the first time you see

of giving

cess but seeing the wor k in the fr a mewor k of some intelligible

of per petua lly ask ing oneself. would a gr aph help to m a k e this

a gr aph, mak ing an immense effort to dig out its secr et message.

that str

uation. the first thing to do in approaching an y piece of math-

mor e meaningful? the mor e you do this, the mor e helpful gr aphs

this w ill only discour age you. i can not find an ything to put into

becomes

atics is to cast a rou nd for some way of appr eci ating w h at is

become, since you gr adually build up a sort of a lbum of fa miliar

this chapter that str ik es me as at all unusual or profound. but i

t w ins th

olved, some way of m a k ing the question v i v id to yourself so

gr aphs; when you have met the same gr aph in half a dozen situations,

believe that an yone w ho r epeatedly uses the simple ideas in this

gr aphs h

at you w ill be a ble to think a bout it just as you think a bout

it natur a lly con veys mor e to you than it possibly can the first

chapter w ill eventually gain very much in confidence and insight.

w ill be e

miliar things in every day life. gr aphs ar e one way of br inging

time you meet it. it has acquir ed all k inds of extr a associations;

w hat then can w e lear n by look ing at a gr aph? a mong the first

yet w e a

t the meaning of a mathematical situation. they ar e not a magic

it has become fa miliar . it is important to r ealize that this fa mil-

things to look for ar e high points and low points - mountain peaks

a gr aph;

project

Âť One for You, One for Me

term

Âť Spring 2011

project 03

ONE FOR YOU, ONE FOR ME A meditation on Coincidence and Convergence. in which, the themes of dr . law r ence w eschler's w r iti ngs on natur a l con v ergences bet w een seemi ngly r a n dom objects or ev ents a r e ex a mi ned w ithi n the context of our da ily li v es a n d cur r ent globa l issues. the book's i ntent is to encour age awa r eness of our sur rou n di ngs a n d help fi n d mea ni ng i n u nex pected places.

her edity (penguin books, 1962). it shows how the lik elihood

m a k ing gr aphs for oneself of things w hich ar e inter esting and

simply speaks of the r ate as being 'fair ly constant betw een thr ee

r ise from nea

g birth to twins is r elated to a woman's age. the first thing

fa miliar, a nd in schools quite you ng childr en ar e incr easingly

and four births in a thousand'. it may be that the appar ent r ise is

accomplished

r ik es us is the peak around 37 years of age. a woman w ho

being given the opportunity to do this. if someone questioned our

not significant; one would have to go back to the or iginal data

gr aph tells u

s pr egnant betw een 35 and 39 is mor e lik ely to give birth to

inter pr etation of the tw in ning gr aph, w e could i suppose, point

to judge this. it w ill be noticed that w e have passed quite natu-

shr ink ing, if

h a n either a you nger or a n older wom a n. i believ e th at

to the figur es; at 37 years ther e ar e 16 chances in 1,000 of a pr eg-

r ally from the topic of peaks and valleys to the question whether

illustr ated b

have become so much a part of our civilization that this

nancy leading to tw ins, as against two somewher e in the teens or

something is rising or falling, and how r apidly. for fr aternal twins

(penguin boo

evident to most r eaders, and does not call for explanation.

around the age of 45. in this sa me figur e, the dotted line shows

the gr aph climbs the hill between the ages of 15 and 37 and descends

the first fiv

ar e certainly not bor n w ith the ability to inter pr et such

the chance of producing identical tw ins. this line does not have

after 37. the descent is steeper than the climb. this means that the

the gr aph be

; ther e must be a time w hen one first sees the meaning of

a pea k. the chance appears to r ise stea dily, though very slow ly,

lik elihood of t w ins decr eases mor e r apidly after 37 th a n it in-

faster. the m

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

san fr ancisco, usa

project

Âť One for You, One for Me

term

Âť Spring 2011

steep, and finally the gr aph becomes flat ; the plant has r eached

after the age of 10. it should be bor ne in mind, as cattell himself

this cor r esponds to the pupil who does not car e at ail whether he

othe

its matur e height; grow th in height has ceased. figur es 17, 18, and

points out, th at these curves a r e based on aver ages. they show

succeeds or fails. a pupil w ith moder ate anxiety does better; he is

gr ap

19 ar e tak en from cattell's the scientific analysis of personality.

w hat happens in most cases as the individual r eceives the nor mal

wor r ied by the thought that he may not do w ell, so he wor ks and

wobb

they purport to show how a person's intelligence, social confidence,

a mount of batter ing from life. the search for patter n they need

pays attention. but if anxiety passes a certain stage, achievement

hum a

and enthusiasm ar e lik ely to change in the course of a lifetime. it

not apply to those w ho ar e particular ly shelter ed, particular ly

begins to fall again; the pupil does badly because he is wor rying

signi

w ill be seen that intelligence seems to r each the top of the moun-

successful, or particular ly tough. those w hom the gods love may

too much. very high anxiety can produce a k ind of par alysis and

score

tain around 25 years of age, and to go steadily dow nhill until one

still be young at 70. cattell also gives a gr aph indicating the kind

the pupil achieves almost nothing. figur e 21 is tak en from stabil-

at 6 y

becomes old enough to be a pr ime minister. social confidence tends

of relationship that may be expected between the amount of anxiety

ity and change in human char acter istics (wiley, 1964) by b. s. bloom,

to 93

to r ise steadily; as you grow older you become less shy, mor e thick-

a pupil feels and how w ell he does at school. this gr aph is show n

of the u niversit y of chicago. the gr aphs show the i.q. scor es of

(d), fo

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» One for You, One for Me

c l a s s » Experimental Type

term

» Spring 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Stan Zienka

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Title

term

» Title

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» One for You, One for Me

c l a s s » Experimental Type

term

» Spring 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Stan Zienka

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» One for You, One for Me

c l a s s » Experimental Type

term

» Spring 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Stan Zienka

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

iness. an i.q. test may deter mine simply how far a child is awar e

w ith adopted childr en. the question in vestigated is this; suppose

ficient is a number th at tells you how closely t wo thi ngs a r e

number

the things th at a r e r ecognized by the child of a prosperous

ther e is a group of adopted childr en and you want to pr edict which

connected. the two things that ar e in volved her e ar e the achieve-

per for m

mily in a big city. they may not test at all a child's gr asp of negro

of them w ill be the clever est. w hich w ill it be mor e helpful to

ments of the childr en on the i.q. test and the achievements of their

ther e ha

tur e or his exper ience of the rur al south. on the other hand

k now. the i.q.s of the childr en's actua l mothers, or the educa-

r eal mothers. a cor r elation of +10 would mean that the child with

ligence

s possible that philadelphia, w hile being far from providing an

tiona l level of the a dopting mothers, the women w ho ar e actu-

the highest scor e h a d the mother w ith the highest scor e, the

tion of w

cational par adise, may awaken mental powers that would remain

ally looking after them? the only difficulty in understanding this

child w ith the second highest scor e h a d the mother w ith the

and, i wo

ever dor mant in the south. the truth may well contain elements

gr a ph is due to the r ather a bstr act natur e of the qua ntit y it

second highest scor e, and so on, r ight dow n to the child w ith the

be very u

both these contentions. figur e 22 is tak en from carter's book,

portr ays. it is not a gr aph show ing how the childr en's i.q. scor es

low est scor e h av ing the mother w ith the low est scor e. such a

situatio

man her edity, that has alr eady been quoted. it also deals w ith

incr eased. it is a gr aph of a cor r elation coefficient, something

r esult is extr emely unlik ely, for it would mean that the father's

views. th

project

Âť One for You, One for Me

term

Âť Spring 2011

w e should expect to find for the r elation of childr en's

placed tended to r esemble the or der in which their actual mothers

child is tr eated. this how ever would completely ignor e a factor

points increa

ances to mothers' is 0-5, and in fact in nor mal homes (wher e

placed. it will be seen from the figur e that when the childr en wer e

that does not appear in the gr aph. the aver age i.q. scor e of the

achievement

as been no adoption) the cor r elation betw een the intel-

2 years old, the cor r elation was 0; that is, at this stage it would

mothers was 86; the aver age scor e of the childr en was 106. so our

the jour nal

of one par ent and that of a child is around 0-5. a cor r ela-

be impossible to tell w hich childr en h a d the mor e intelligent

conclusion that the above-aver age mother was lik ely to produce

a r at's br ain c

would mean there was no connection. a correlation between

mothers. how ever the cor r elation grows stea dily as the yea rs

an above-aver age child still stands, but the two aver ages in ques-

of grow th. a

ould indicate an opposite con nexion. such a number would

pass. by the time the childr en ar e 14, the cor r elation has r eached

tion ar e separ ated by 20 points. the effect of placing the childr en

sudden chan

unlik ely in an inher ited quality; it might be found in some

0-4, very near ly the figur e for nor mal homes. the cor r elation with

in good homes h a d not been to w ipe out their inher ited differ-

the bend, the

on w her e childr en tended to r eact against their par ents'

the educational level of the adopting mothers is negligible. one

ences, but it did r esult in lifting the per for mance of the group as

w eight as qu

he gr aph then in figur e 22 does not show how the childr en's

might be tempted to conclude that intelligence goes its ow n way,

a whole. (owing to a technical statistical effect, know n as r egr es-

flat; the bod

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

in sh av ing themselves, a nd m a n y w ho, a fter a few u nsuccessful

thus in point of time, money and health, the man who shaves himself

given, will, with some little pr actice, soon be able to shave himself

bott

attempts, give it up in despair and go to the bar ber shop. we believe

is a decided gainer . ther e ar e few things in life that ar e r ea lly

easily and even better than the bar ber can do it for him. first-class

lotio

most of these would much pr efer to shave themselves if only they

tools ar e necessary at the very outset. no matter how sk illfully » ior Titletools, they w ill in var iably produce poor one may handleterm infer

artic

could do as w ell as a bar ber . the a dvantages, indeed, seem to be

difficult to per for m w hen one thoroughly k nows how to do them. project » Title shaving is no exception. the art of shaving can be easily acquir ed

w holly w ith the m a n w ho shaves himself. in the first place the

if one only has the w ill, and the necessary pr actical infor mation.

r esults. probably as man y failur es have r esulted from the use of

penc

shaving is done in the pr ivacy if his ow n room. he has his ow n r azor,

this book, w hich, as far as w e ar e awar e, is the only one tr eating

poor r azors, strops, or soap as from the lack of k now ledge how to

will

cup, soap, brush and tow els, w hich can be k ept scrupulously clean

the subject at all completely, endeavors to supply such infor mation

use them. in or der that the best possible r esults may be attained,

of th

and sanitary. thus avoiding a constant danger of infection. ther e

; as w ell for the improvement of men accustomed to shave them-

good tools and sk ill in using them should go hand in hand. the

of co

is no long wait for the call of "next.'' after the first cost of the

selves, as for the instruction of begin ners. w e believe that a n y

shaving outfit should consist of one or two good r azors, a first-

in sel

c l a s s » Title

i n s t r u c t o r » Name

good

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

project 04

BOYS TO MENNEN Or, an examination of Branding and Masculinity. in which, the differences between strength and empathy are deeply considered and re-examined. this r ebr a n di ng of men nen focuses on the importa nce of lea di ng by ex a mple a n d how v ita l h av i ng some sort of mentor is to m aturi ng you ng men w ho a r e often a fr a id to ask questions or feel m a rgi na lized by a n older a n d gruffer gener ation of men.

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

san fr ancisco, usa

not the cheapest, but the best. a good r azor if r ightly used, w ill

purchaser should give attention. by w hat means though, can he

pr actically infallible. it w ill be r eadily admitted that the r eal

even

last for years, and w ill be a source of continua l pleasur e w hen

judge of the temper of a r azor w ithout using it ? the unassisted

excellence of a r azor is in dir ect proportion to the fir mness and

of th

used, wher eas a poor r azor will do infer ior wor k, ir r itate the skin

eye is not sufficient. its pow er extends no further th a n to the

unbrok en r egular it y of its edge. w hen a r azor is too br ittle, in

off q

and mak e the face sor e, and be a continual source of trouble and

discovery of defects the most str ik ing and injur ious. the ir r egu-

consequence of having been either to much heated in the process

that

an noyance. if you have such a r azor, the sooner you throw it aside

lar ities in a r azor's edge, which ar ise from improper temper ing and

of har dening, or not sufficiently cooled in that of temper ing, it

is an

and substitute a good one, the better . the pr incipa l point to be

lack of sk ill in wor k ing, a r e usua lly so minute, th at they m ay

ca n not possibly ta k e a good cutting edge, no m atter how much

edge

consider ed i n selecti ng a r azor is the qua lit y of the steel. by

remain undistinguished until the r azor is used. they will neverthe-

sk ill may be employed in honing and stropping it. such defects ar e

as th

"quality" is meant its temper or degr ee of solidity, and its conse-

less very sensibly add to the fr iction the r azor produces on the

quick ly detected by the use of a microscope in the h a nds of a n

r azo

quent capability of r eceiving, even after a ser ies of years, a fir m

sk in and particular ly if it happens to be thin and tender . ther e

exper ienced and attentive observer . the other method of testing

ment

c l a s s Âť Nature of Identity

i n s t r u c t o r Âť Hunter Wimmer

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Boys to Mennen

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Boys to Mennen

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Boys to Mennen

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

r emely thin, back to a line some distance from the edge. w hen

ncave. in a very deeply hollow ground r azor, the blade is ground

not so good for sh av i ng most bea r ds as the thr ee-qua rter s

r impr ession is that this is a mistake; that the full concave blade

uld natur ally conclude that the full concave blade is the best.

e edge the shar per the instrument, most purchasers of a r azor

de is of course the thinnest. in view of the fact that the thinner

either half, thr ee-quarters, or full concave. the full concave

ier to k eep shar p. almost an y desir ed mak e of r azor may be had

of the r azor ought to be slightly rounded as show n in the illustr a-

face mor e closely, and in gener al is managed mor e easily. the point

so r eadily as the w ide blade, yet it follows the contours of the

4-8 is the best for most pur poses, as it does not spr ing on the face

w ide a blade. a compar atively nar row one, in the size k now n as the

r eceive attention. as a rule w e believe the begin ner selects too

the bla de. the w idth of the bla de is another point that should

lik ely to bend and spr ing, and a cut w ill be the r esult. w idth of

bear d, unless the blade is held very flat upon the face, it is quite

entir ely on the car e given it. never put it away until it has first

neglect on the part of the user . the life of a r azor w ill depend

your r azor . man y a fine r azor has been spoiled by car elessness and

heated and that would quick ly spoil its temper . tak e good car e of

a nd spoil it. use water fr eely otherw ise the bla de w ill become

this pur pose, for if you do you ar e quite likely to scr atch the hone

of the hone. you should not use the top sur face of the hone for

have a r azor w ith a shar p point, you can round it off, on the edge

probably occasioned mor e cuts than almost an y other cause. if you

causing the metal to soften and crumble at that point, w ill so

other part of the blade. a tin y rust spot on this delicate line

cially upon the edge, w hich seems to rust mor e quick ly than a

condition w hen you next use it. rusting must be pr evented, es

the r azor in its case w ith the expectation of finding it in go

not r emoved by the cloth have evapor ated. then you may r epl

to the air for a few moments until the little particles of moistu

should be dr aw n across the strop a few times, or else left expo

pur pose. even this w ill not r emove all the moistur e, so the bl

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

» Fall 2011 term

» Boys to Mennen project

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Boys to Mennen

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

.m.x.i.i.

ound r azor is thin ner and ther efor e cuts better, and is much

such an edge, almost as thin as paper, comes in contact w ith a stiff

tion. w hile this is seemingly a small matter, yet a shar p point has

been w ip

ier to k eep shar p. almost an y desir ed mak e of r azor may be had

bear d, unless the blade is held very flat upon the face, it is quite

probably occasioned mor e cuts than almost an y other cause. if you

pur pose.

either half, thr ee-quarters, or full concave. the full concave

lik ely to bend and spr ing, and a cut w ill be the r esult. w idth of

have a r azor w ith a shar p point, you can round it off, on the edge

should b

de is of course the thinnest. in view of the fact that the thinner

the bla de. the w idth of the bla de is another point that should

of the hone. you should not use the top sur face of the hone for

to the ai

e edge the shar per the instrument, most purchasers of a r azor

r eceive attention. as a rule w e believe the begin ner selects too

this pur pose, for if you do you ar e quite likely to scr atch the hone

not r em

uld natur ally conclude that the full concave blade is the best.

w ide a blade. a compar atively nar row one, in the size k now n as the

a nd spoil it. use water fr eely otherw ise the bla de w ill become

the r azo

r impr ession is that this is a mistake; that the full concave blade

4-8 is the best for most pur poses, as it does not spr ing on the face

heated and that would quick ly spoil its temper . tak e good car e of

conditio

not so good for sh av i ng most bea r ds as the thr ee-qua rter s

so r eadily as the w ide blade, yet it follows the contours of the

your r azor . man y a fine r azor has been spoiled by car elessness and

cially u

ncave. in a very deeply hollow ground r azor, the blade is ground

face mor e closely, and in gener al is managed mor e easily. the point

neglect on the part of the user . the life of a r azor w ill depend

other pa

project

Âť Boys to Mennen

term

Âť Fall 2011

ped thoroughly dry, using a piece of cha mois sk in for this

end the usefulness of the r azor, unless the edge is ground back

theirs ar e super ior to all others and that they have at last pro-

r azors ar e di

. even this w ill not r emove all the moistur e, so the blade

past the rust spot. in such a case ther e is always the liability of

duced a r azor that is destined to r evolutionize shaving. if a man

rust; and ow

be dr aw n across the strop a few times, or else left exposed

not getting a good edge. in w iping the lather off the blade never

uses one he is less lik ely to cut himself, but this is a ll that can

if not quite

ir for a few moments until the little particles of moistur e

use a glazed or coarse paper. tissue paper is the best. man y over look

r easonably be said in their favor . of course, if it w er e impossible

mak e the cor

oved by the cloth have evapor ated. then you may r eplace

this point and by dr aw ing the blade str aight across a glazed or

to shave w ith the or dinary r azor w ithout cutting one's self, then

safety r azor

or in its case w ith the expectation of finding it in good

har d finished paper, tur n the edge, and then wonder why the r azor

the safety r azor would become a necessity. the truth is, how ever,

few years an

on w hen you next use it. rusting must be pr evented, espe-

has lost its keenness. dr aw the blade over the paper obliquely, away

that an yone w ho has a good k een smooth-cutting r azor, lathers

now in use. t

upon the edge, w hich seems to rust mor e quick ly than an y

from the edge, in the same dir ection as when stropping it. of r ecent

the face thoroughly, and w ill lear n if he does not alr eady k now,

microscope, p

art of the blade. a tin y rust spot on this delicate line, by

y ea rs a gr eat number of sa fet y r azors h av e been i n v ented a nd

how to handle the r azor proper ly, w ill run almost no danger. such

by the unaide

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Boys to Mennen

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

SOURCE Âť a mfa portfolio

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins

.m.x.i.i.

san fr ancisco, usa

project

» Boys to Mennen

c l a s s » Nature of Identity

term

» Fall 2011

i n s t r u c t o r » Hunter Wimmer

Printed for Joel M. Hawkins lik ely to bend and spr ing, and a cut w ill be the r esult. w idth of the bla de. the w idth of the bla de is another point that should r eceive attention. as a rule w e believe the begin ner selects too w ide a blade. a compar atively nar row one, in the size k now n as the 4-8 is the best for most pur poses, as it does not spr ing on the face so r eadily as the w ide blade, yet it follows the contours of the face mor e closely, and in gener al is managed mor e easily. the point of the r azor ought to be slightly rounded as show n in the illustr a-

ither half, thr ee-quarters, or full concave. the full concave

e is of course the thinnest. in view of the fact that the thinner

edge the shar per the instrument, most purchasers of a r azor

ld natur ally conclude that the full concave blade is the best.

impr ession is that this is a mistake; that the full concave blade

ot so good for sh av i ng most bea r ds as the thr ee-qua rter s

cave. in a very deeply hollow ground r azor, the blade is ground

r emely thin, back to a line some distance from the edge. w hen

san fr ancisco, usa entir ely on the car e given it. never put it away until it has first