Construction Solutions by Jia Jou

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA) Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture Building Technology 1 (BLD61403) Assignment 2 : Construction Solutions Learning Centre for All (LCA), Jalan Besar, Klang Malaysia

Name : Poh Jia Jou Student ID : 0327192 Tutor : Ar. Edwin Chan

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction

2.0 Precedent Study

Roof System / Metal Cladding and Steel Frame Roof

Facade System 1 / Perforated Brick Facade

Facade System 2 / Perforated Metal Screen

Structural System / Structural Steel Framing

3.0 Facade Design Scheme

4.0 Sectional Perspectives

Sectional Perspective Ground Floor

Sectional Perspective Top Floor

5.0 References

1.0 Introduction

Learning Centre For All (LCA) The site is located along Jalan Besar in Klang Malaysia. Klang, officially known as Royal Town of Klang, is the former capital of Selangor, and one of the oldest towns in Malaysia. The street is filled with abundance old buildings rich in historical heritage. Once a tin mining town, Jalan Besar has transformed into a mono commercial zone of shophouses. Mainly occupied by public services such as KTM, OCBC bank and post office as well as food destinations. Although steeped in history, the street is now being forgotten with an aging community left as youngsters are moving out to modern cities such as Kuala Lumpur and tourists turning their backs on the royal town. The LCA aims to blur the boundaries within the community and inject new life into Klang through designing active frontages to reach out to the community with green pocket spaces and transparency as design strategy.

Site plan 1 : 500

2.0 Precedent Study Roof System / Metal Cladding and Steel Frame Roof Construction Method & Details/ 1. Steel rafters are secured to beam. 2. Purlins are installed perpendicular to steel rafters with spacing of metal sheet length. 3. Insulation is installed, metal sheet is then screwed on top of the purlins 4. Flashing is applied at adges to prevent water leakage.

Isometric View of roof structure Profile steel cladding

Insulation Steel purlin Safety mesh Steel rafter

38 MEWS HOUSE Architects / Design Collective Architects Location / Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Area / 300.0 sqm Project Year / 2014

Cross section of roof structure Profile steel cladding Proctorwrap HT Acoustic insulation Non foll faced Safety mesh

Located in a quiet suburb of Kuala Lumpur adjacent to a forest reserve, passive design strategies are incorporated into 38 Mews. The usage of pilotis to uplift the structure above the ground thus seemingly to manipulate a floating building, induces passive cooling. The sloping roof provides for a double volume space that flows vertically into the 2nd floor master bedroom and study. The roof continues to slope into the bedroom itself and terminates at the large picture window that frames the views of the adjacent forest and hills. To flush the interior heat wave from the double volume, a wind passage for air flow is created. Advantages / • Economical, easily found • Long life span • Light weight • Sustainable • Fire resistance

Disadvantages / • Denting might happen if hit by heavy object • Can be noisy during heavy rains • More expensive than traditional asphalt roofing

Reason of Choice / Local material that can be easily found in Malaysia, long life span which saves cost, blends in with the roofscape of site context

Steel rafter spacing: 1200mm Steel purlin spacing: 900mm

Bulk fibre insulation Rafter C-channel purlin DCT Thermal Laminate

Portal Frame Connections steel cladding

Steel cladding connection

End plate

Z-purlin Stitch screw Rafter stay Tek screw

Cladding to cladding / stitch screw Cladding to purlin / tek screw

Cold-rolled eaves beam

Haunch Compression stiffener

i. Eaves connection Connection of steel framing Steel purlin

Butt joint

Tie rod

Steel purlin

Four bolt cleat Steel rafter

Steel rafter Bridging

ii. Apex connection

2.0 04

Precedent Study Facade System 1 / Perforated Brick Facade

TERMITARY HOUSE Architects / Tropical Space Location / Da Nang District, Vietnam Area / 80.0 sqm Project Year / 2014 Vietnam has a rather extreme climate in the way it varies significantly between sunny and rainy season as well as tropical storms. Built of solid brick only to meet the extreme climatic conditions of this region. Besides, Da Nang is well-known for the remains of Champa baked-brick Towers. The way the residence is organized resembles a termite mound. All spaces are connected artistically and comfortably. Natural lighting and ventilation systems are the characteristics of the house. The special design of the perforated brick walls allows fresh air and light to get to all the corners of the house, also allowing visual permeability. Advantages / Disadvantages / • Economical, easily found • Time consuming construction • Low maintenance • Water penetration • Aesthetically pleasing • Low tensile strength • Great ventilation across building • Visual permeability between in and out Reason of Choice / Local material that can be easily found in Malaysia , provide ventilation allows visual permeability between in and out while still preserve some privacy.

Perforated brick laying / Flemish bond with header gaps

Construction Method & Details/ 1. Spread a layer of mortar on the ground slab. 2. Lay bricks according to flemish bond pattern. 3. Remove the header bricks to create voids. 4. Use mortar to fill the joins between bricks.

Header void Mortar joint Stretcher

3/ 1/

3 2 4 5

Brick laying types

6 7 4

10 6

Perforated terrace screen section

Projecting header wall section

10 8

Projecting window in bickwork section

1/ Perforated brick screen to terrace with projecting headers and brick on edge coping 2 / Projecting header 3 / Cut & glued 250mm projecting header 4 / Flush pointed Wienerberger Eastfield Grey Brickwork 5 / Bespoke timber fenestration with projecting frame and glazed guarding 6 / Bespoke full height timber fenestration with entrance door 7 / Bespoke full height timber fenestration with solid vent panel 8 / Bespoke full height timber fenestration with fixed glazing 9 / Painted exposed timber joists 10 / Exposed in situ concrete soffit to commercial units

2.0 05

Precedent Study Facade System 2 / Perforated Metal Screen Integrated Building Envelope The glass envelope includes carefully positioned perforated metal solar shading. The scrim system helps to regulate solar heat gain throughout the year to make the building energy efficient.

LEAWOOD SPECULATIVE OFFICE Architects / El Dorado Location / Leawood, KS, United States Area / 18240.0 sqft Project Year / 2013

Movable Perforated Metal Screen - tilted to angles according to sunpath South Solar Shade

East & West Angled Vertical Louvres

Standing in stark contrast to the small-windowed, mansard-roofed professional buildings that are the norm in Kansas City, the box-shaped office features a movable facade made of perforated metal screens that helps regulate heat gain. To the east and west, the panels take the form of angled vertical louvers, their spacing varied according to the shading needs of the rooms inside. The north is mostly open, shielded from a busy street by a row of trees and landscaping. By night, cove lights illuminate colored interior walls.

11/16”

Clear anodized aluminium coping Exposed concrete

Clear anodized aluminium storefront glazing system

South solar shade

Vertical louvre

Exposed concrete

Clear anodized aluminium storefront glazing system

Exposed concrete

40% open perforation

Reason of Choice / Long-life cycle that can withstand Malaysia’s climate. Allows optimal daylight to diffuse into interior and visual permeability between inside and outside, while still retaining some privacy.

40% open perforation

Disadvantages / Advantages / • Limitation to design as it • Regulate heat gain is prefabricated • Longer life span • Aesthetically pleasing • Visual permeability between in and out

TPO Roof assembly

TPO Roof assembly 11/16”

Clear anodized aluminium storefront glazing system

Exposed concrete

2.0 06

Precedent Study / Structural Steel Framing Column base to Foundation connection

Steel structural members from most stiff to least stiff/

H-column

H-column Grout

Base plate

Most stiff

I-beam

C-channel Hollow square

Angle

Tee-beam

Least stiff

Location tube or equivalent

Composite steel deck floor connection

Anchor bolt Concrete stump

EAMES HOUSE Architects / Charles and Ray Eames Location / Chautauqua Blvd. Pacific Palisades, California Area / 5666.0 sqm Project Year / 1949 The Eames house was a part of the Case Study house project launched in January 1945 in response to the seemingly imminent housing shortage caused by the end of the WWII. The intention behind the Case Study houses was to investigate how prefabricated materials could aid in the mass production of houses to fill the need for post-war housing.

Concrete footing

Reinforced concrete slab

Reinforcement mesh

Column to Beam connection

Shear stud Profile steel decking I-beam

Steel plate bracket

A simple steel frame was used for the structure of the house. The steel frame used 4-inch H-columns for the walls and 12-inch deep web joists for the roof. The steel frame was filled in with different solid and transparent colored panels arranged to create a shifting light in the interior throughout the day. Advantages / • High durability • Easy to install • Light weight • Good flexibility and adaptibility

Disadvantages / • High maintenance cost • Small resistance against fire • Susceptible to corrosion in outdoor atmosphere

Reason of Choice / High design flexibility to suit different design needs as it has longer span than timber framing system. Light weight structural system that saves construction time as it is easy to install.

High strength bolt Main I-beam H-column Reinforced concrete slab Reinforcement mesh

Beam to Beam connection

Profile steel decking Shear stud I-beam

Main beam Secondary beam

Slab depth

Steel plate bracket High strength bolt

Reinforced concrete slab Reinforcement mesh

Shear stud Profile steel decking I-beam

3.0 Facade Design Scheme 1

Steel Cladding Roof

Curtain Wall

Brick wall

Perforated Brick wall

Front Elevation 1:100

3.0 Facade Design Scheme 2

Steel Cladding Roof

Curtain Wall

Perforated Metal Screen

Perforated Brick wall

Back Elevation 1:100

4.0 Sectional Perspective Ground Floor

2.1 / Column to beam connection H-column / 300 x 300 mm Main I-beam / 200 x 300 mm

3 / Balcony detail

1 / Composite steel deck floor connection Reinforced concrete slab

Internal floor slab Steel plate bracket High strength bolt

Reinforced concrete slab

Profile steel decking Shear stud I-beam

Reinforcement mesh

150

Reinforcement mesh

Reinforced concrete slab

70 315

Main I-beam

Profile steel decking I-beam

Profile steel decking

190

H-column

I-beam H-column

Shear stud

190

External balcony slab

4 / Cantilever balcony detail 2.2 / Beam to beam connection Main I-beam / 200 x 300 mm Secondary beam / 150 x 250 mm

Main beam

Internal floor slab

External balcony slab Steel rafter

Secondary beam Steel plate bracket High strength bolt

I-beam penetrates into building to connect with H-column

5 / Double roof system Profile steel deck Aluminium foil Z-purlin

Fibreglass insulation Steel rafter

6 / Column to foundation connection

Gutter

Haunch

300 x 300mm H-column Base plate Non-shrink grout

150mm Cast in situ concrete slab Vapour barrier

Location tube or equivalent Anchor bolt 400 x 400mm Concrete stump

600 x 600mm Concrete footing

Granular fill (capillary break)

4.0 Sectional Perspective Top Floor

1 / Roof connection detail i

2 / Transition flashing 4 / Brick wall to steel column connection

5 / Perforated metal screen connection

Transition flashing

Profile steel roof

Perforated metal screen 4mm thick

Provides a continuous drainage where 2 slopes meet, thus prevent leakage. Seal with outside closures on the lower side.

Aluminium foil Apex haunch Fibreglass insulation

Steel column tie

Alumn. angle Alum. angle cleat 12

Z-Purlin Steel cladding

Steel rafter

Plasterboard ceiling

Transition flashing Outside closures

Alum. bracket

Inside closure

Bolt

Purlin

P.C cap lapped over previous ridge cap

3 / Gutter to roof connection

i / Ridge cap detail Fillerstrip die-cut foam closure

60mm length riveted to aluminium & screwed to Alu. angle @ 400mm centre to centre approx.

Anchor bolt Brick wall

Brass strap

Stepped cap flashing Stepped base flashing

Copper gutter

Gutter end Bolt with nut

Brass bar

Bracket

Bracket Downspout

P.C cap lapped over next ridge cap Ridge purlin

Metal roofing cladding

2 ii / Plasterboard ceiling detail

Wire suspension hanger C-channel

Furring

Furring clip

600 mm

Plasterboard ceiling

1200 mm

5.0 References

•

Grozdanic, L. (2016, April 19). Kansas heat is no match for this moving facade of perforated screens. Retrieved from

https://inhabitat.com/kansas-heat-is-no-match-for-this-moving-facade-of-perforated-screens/ •

Creative, S. (2018). Alcadex - home. Retrieved from http://www.alcadex.com.au/#preparation-&-installation

•

Low pitched metal roof with plasterboard ceiling - concealed rafters - CR007a. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.dctech.com.au/low-pitched-metal-roof-with-plasterboard-ceiling/ •

10.2. Hung Gutters. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/arch-details/gutters_downspouts/hung_gutters.html

•

Gallery of 38Mews House / Design Collective Architects - 29. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.archdaily.com/890447/38mews-house-design-collective-architects/5aa23b28f197cc6b11000011-38mews-house-design-collective-architects-diagram •

Termitary House / Tropical Space. (2015, February 03). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/594339/termitary-house-tropical-space

•

Using Furring Channel Ceiling Assembly. (2018). Retrieved from http://mtsensk.info/using-furring-channel-ceiling-assembly.html

•

AD Classics: Eames House / Charles and Ray Eames. (2010, June 28). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/66302/ad-classics-eames-house-charles-and-ray-eames

•

Composite construction. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.steelconstruction.info/Composite_construction#Composite_slabs

•

Portal frames. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.steelconstruction.info/Portal_frames

•

Steel Post To Concrete Details. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://p214.info/steel-post-to-concrete-details.html

•

Metal Roofing Metal Roof Insulation On Corrugated Metal Roofing. (2018, August 08). Retrieved from

https://pascal-mesnier.com/metal-roof-insulation/metal-roofing-metal-roof-insulation-on-corrugated-metal-roofing/