SOUTH BUND tHe M IddLe WAy JEN NIFER WO N G A N D GR A N T HROM A S
6
J ENNIF ER A . WO NG Ava n t g a r d e e x t r a o r d i n a i r e . Large : f ro m N ew Yo r k C i t y, N Y, U S A . Medium : Ed u c ate d in F in e A r t s at B a rd C o ll e g e in N e w Yo r k . S t u d y i n g A r c h i te c t u r e a n d U r b a n D e si g n at W a shin g to n U ni ve r s i t y in S a int L o u i s . Small : H a s d r a nk t he w ate r of 5 9 / 61 c o u ntr ie s .
G R A N T M . H RO M A S Ly r i c a l w o r d s m i t h . Large : f ro m Eni d , O K , U S A Medium : Educ ated in A rchitecture at the Universit y of O k l a h o m a . Stu d y in g U r b a n D e s i g n at W a shin g to n U ni ve r s i t y in S a int L o u i s . Small : Takes the metro st airs, not the esc alator.
CONT ENT S 06
I ntro d u c tion : S h a n g h a i ’s U r b a n Tre n d s
26
the site : A V i su a l J o u r n ey
46
Design framewor k : V i s i o n , St r ate g i e s , M a s te r p l a n
90
Design d etails : F o c u s e d D e s i g n L o c at i o n s
114
c on c lu sion : I m p l e m e nt at i o n St r ate g y
5
6
I N T R O DUC T I O N I n re c e nt d e c a d e s , t h e ro l e of c i t i e s i n the global economic balance has been shi f t in g tow a rd s e m e rg in g c i t ie s . T h e s e cities have been growing at an unprecedented rate. China’s ur b aniz ation h a s t r a n s fo r m e d t h e i r e c o n o my at 10 0 x t h e s c a l e of t h e U n i te d K i n g d o m - t h e f ir s t c o u nt r y i n t h e wo r l d to u r b a nize a n d a t 10 x t h e s p e e d . A s u r b a n g row t h c o nt i nu e s , C h i n a h a s b e e n r a c i n g to ke e p u p w i t h t h e u r b a n d eve l o p m e nt d e m a n d s . G l o b a ll y s c a l e d f in a n c i al d is t r i c t s h ave re p l a c e d C hin a’s u r b a n i d e nt i t y w h i l e i s o l a te d zo n e s of historic preser vation become global attractions. The majority of local d eve l o p m e nt h a s re su l te d i n e r a su re of
t h e i r hi s to r i c c i t y ’s i d e nt i t y.
1
A t t h e fo re f ro n t o f C h i n a’s f i n a n c i a l a n d u r b a n g row t h , S h a n g h a i h a s b e n e g r a p p li n g w i t h t h e i r evo l v i n g i d e nt i t y through either preser vation or new d evelo pment. A s S hanghai is projec te d g row ex p onenti all y, they must a d d res s t h e fu tu re of t h e i r c i t i y ’s i d e nt i t y a s a c o ex i s te n c e of t h e o l d a n d n ew.
INT RODUC T ION
SH A N GH A I’S URBA N T REN DS
7
8
I dentit y noun · i ·’d e n · t e · t e
T he c hara c teris tic s, f e elings or b elie f s tha t dis tinguish p e ople f rom other s .
9
Cities are constantly v ying with one another economic ally, technologic ally, and culturally. T hey p erp et ually re v ise and update their identit y adver tising themselves as at tractive and power ful.
10
Time and time again, this race to remain relevant has been accompanied by a sweeping demolition of the old in an at tempt to stand out in the global limelight.
11
In the p o st- in d us tr i al a g e, m aj o r p o r t c i tie s h ave b e en fever ishl y d e industrializing their water fronts in an ef for t mod erniz e and re- brand themselves.
SH A NGH A I, C H IN A 12
N E W YO RK C I T Y, USA
Business districts are erected along the water front as a monument to the cit y’s financial prowess. Towering sk ylines identif y cities.
LO ND O N, ENGL A ND
H ong Kong, China 13
Cities establish landmark anchors along their water front.
Ja c o b K . Ja v i t s Convention Center The Bund
P e a r l T V To w e r
Chelsea Piers
Hudson River Park Pier 40
S o u t h S t r e e t S e a Po r t S h a n g h a i Wo r l d E x p o P a r k 1 Kilometer
SH A NGH A I, C H IN A 14
Bat ter y Park
N E W YO RK C I T Y, USA
1 Kilometer
Development and program create major at traction nodes. Canar y Whar f
We s t Ko w l o o n Wa t e r f r o n t Promenade
H o n g Ko n g S p a c e M u s e um Ko w l o o n P ub li c P i e r
H o n g Ko n g E x hib i t i o n a n d C o nve n t i o n C e n t e r
Ta t e M o d e r n M u s e u m
London Eye 1 Kilometer
1 Kilometer
Big Ben
LO ND O N, ENGL A ND
H ong Kong, China 15
Af ter M ao Zedong’s industrial focus during the Great Leap For ward, Deng X iaoping’s 1978 economic reform policies reopened China’s market to foreign investment and fo cused on c it y growth. Four special economic zones were designated as Shenzhen, Zuhai, Shantou and X iamen. China USA
35%
Japan Germany France
30%
UK Brazil India Italy Canada
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% 1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
H i s t o r i c G DP f o r To p 10 C o u n t r i e s 16
2010
2015
China jump e d into the glo b al rac e w ith a renewe d fer vor. T he c ountr y experience a massive economic grow th that pushed the once insular empire into global prominence. It is now one of the fastest growing countries in the world.
S h a n g h a i ’s Po p u l a t i o n I n c r e a s e 17
In 19 9 0 Deng X iaoping announced :
“S hanghai is a tr u m p c ar d in China’ s mo d erni z ation construc tion and it is nec essary to ma k e it more op en.”
L O N D O N , EN G L A N D
N E W YO R K C I T Y, U S A SHANGHAI, CHINA H O N G KO N G , C H I N A
Pudong District: Masterpiece of Deng’s Opening Thoughts Xinhua News Agency. August 17, 2004. [h t t p : / / w w w. ch i n a . o r g . c n / e n g l i s h / f e a t u r e s / d e n g x i a o p i n g / 10 4 2 4 5 . h t m ]
18
Shanghai, China’s historic ally eclectic and quirk y face, bec ame the financial heart of mod ern China . Ranking fif th in the 2011 Global Financial C entres Index , and projected to be third largest generator of GDP by 20 25, Shanghai has been racing to compete with major global cities.
Top 25 Citie s w ith Highe s t GDP by 20 5 0 1. New York , United States 2. Tok yo, Japan 3.
Shanghai, China
4. London, United K ingdom 5. Beijing, China 6. Los A ngeles, United States 7. Paris, France 8. Chic ago, United States 9. Rhine - Ruhr, Germany 10. Shenzhen, China Lin Liyao . Top 25 cities with highest GDP by 2025. China.org.cn. April 29, 2011. [http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2011-04/29/content_22468155.htm]
19
Shanghai has a long and rich histor y in the global cities race. In 18 42 China was forced to enter the global trade market in the Treat y of Nanjing. Shanghai was c hosen as the gateway to the glo b al ec onomi c network bec ause of its strategic loc ation at the confluence of the Yangt ze River and Huangpu River. Shanghai bec ame the international por t cit y of China.
SHANGHAI, CHINA
20
In the rac e to re - establishes a new water front identit y, Shanghai has been developing along select areas of the Huangpu River while leaving other portions as generic globally scaled developments. The city’s morphological transition is erasing the historic al layers of urbanism.
Huangpu District
21
O n c e a c i t y o f d i v erse coexistenc e with both loc al and inter national set tlements sharing the resources of the Huangpu River, n o w S h a n g h a i i s a c it y of extreme d i c h o t o m i e s . The conflict bet ween the local and glo b al identit y has resulted in an erasure of id entit y.
Shanghai Historic Cit y
T he S outh Bund Site is loc ated at the most contentious p oint along the Huangpu River. It is a v estige of local waterfront identit y between Shanghai’s two most iconic global identities.
S hanghai ’s International I d entit y T h e s i t e wa s hi s t or i c all y C hin e s e id e n t i t y. 22
Ya n g p u B r i d g e
Ya n g p u B r i d g e
C r u i s e Te r m i n a l
Commercial Zone Garden Bridge
Lujiazui Central Business Dis tric t The Bund
T h e B un d
Pe ar l T V To w e r
High rise residential
Cool Docks
S h a n g h a i H i s t or i c C i t y
Nanpu Bridge
Nanpu Bridge
Residential O ffi ce Institution Commercial
2 013 Zones of Ri v erfront I d entit y T h e s i t e d o e s n o t have a uniq ue v i s ion .
S h a n g h a i Wor l d E x p o
S hanghai ’s Glo b al I d entit y T h e s i t e lay s b e t w e e n glob al id e n t i t ie s . 23
T he age of razing an entire cit y has passed, as other global cities have new development in coexistence with the old. To remain relevant in the future, the development in Shanghai needs to adopt a h y brid urbanist attitude towards the old and the new.
24
In the rapid evolution of Shanghai’s identit y, T he Middle Way addresses the cit y’s current ex treme at titude towards preser vation versus progression. T he site is the last oppor tunit y along the river front to med iate the coexistenc e of the past and fut ure id entit y of Shanghai at multiple sc ales.
25
26
THE SITE 28
T h e S i t e in C o n t e x t - I nt ro d u c i n g t h e S i te i n S h a n g h a i
30
Current Conditions -T h e S i te To d a y : C h a r a c te r, B u i l d i n g s , R o a d s , W ate r f ro nt
44
Summation of Issues
2 THE SITE
A V ISUA L JOURNE Y
27
T H E SIT E IN CONT E X T Anchored on the nor th by the Bund a n d P u d o n g ’s f i n a n c i a l d i s t r i c t w i t h the towers of Lujiazui and upriver to t h e s o u t h f r o m t h e S h a n g h a i Wo r l d E x p o 2 0 10 , t h e S o u t h B u n d S i t e i s l o c a t e d a t t h e m o s t c o n t e n t i o u s p o in t along the Huangp u Ri ver. I t is a ve s tige of local water front identit y bet ween S h a n g h a i ’s t w o m o s t i c o n i c g l o b a l images. F e w gr e a t c i tie s in the wor ld have s u c h a pr omin en t s i te alon g their r e s p e c ti ve bodies of water and nothing yet programmed. This is an oppor tunit y t h e c i t y m u s t t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f.
28
LU JI A ZUI T HE BUN D
THE SITE
2010 E X P O SI T E
29
C H A R AC T ER W hat is the snapshot identit y of the site?
SIT E TODAY S et t in g u p a c r i te r i a to ev a lu ate t h e si te by drawing connections bet ween the v i su a l a n d s p a t i a l c h a r a c te r i s t i c s . T he c o m b ine d p hysic al c o n d itio ns of the c r i te r i a d ef in e t h e i d e nt i t y of t h e s i te.
BU I L D I N G S W h a t i s t h e s c a l e , t y p o l o g y, p r o g r a m?
R OA D S W h a t i s t h e f u n c t i o n o f t h e c o r r i d o r?
WAT ER F R O N T W h a t i s t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p t o t h e w a t e r f r o n t?
30
6
1
Sec tion 1 High - rise, mostly financial office b u i l d i n g s t h a t l a c k a s t re e t p re s e n c e . L imi te d re si d e nti al w i t h p r i v ate, inte r i o r b l o c k s p a c e. Sec tion 2 High - rise residential towers west of Zhongshan Ro ad. C o ol D ocks commercial d eve l o p m e nt a l o n g t h e w ate r f ro nt . Sec tion 3 Mostly cleared, vac ant lots. Limited ex i s t in g b u il d i n g s to c k .
Sec tion 4 A rea west of Zhongshan are mostly under construction or vacant. East i n c l u d e s D re a m W h a r f, s m a l l i n d u s t r y, mid - and low - rise residential, and a fe n c e d , i n d u s t r i a l w ate r f ro nt .
2
Sec tion 5 D ominate d by the presence of the N anpu B r i d g e a n d ro a d inte rc h a n g e. I n c lu d e s a m et ro s t at i o n , fe r r y te r m i n a l , a n d l o n g d i s t a n c e b u s s t at i o n .
3
6
Sec tion 6 H i g h - r i s e , P u d o n g re s i d e nt i a l d i s t r i c t . M o n o to n o u s l a r g e s c a l e d e v e l o p m e n t that has recentl y reached the water front.
5
31
D O MIN AT ED BY Z H O NGS H A N ROA D
I SO L AT ED H IG H - R I S ES
T h e a r te r i a l , Z h o n g s h a n R o a d , d o m i n a te s t h e p e d e s t r i a n ex p e r i e n c e.
S i n g l e - u s e hi g h - r i s e s t h at f a il to a d d re s s t h e p e d e s t r i a n re a l m .
32
Z H O NGSH A N A S A B A R R I ER
P OS T- INDUS T R I A L WAT ERF RO N T
Z h o n g sh a n s e p a r ate s t h e n e i g h b o r h o o d f ro m t h e w ate r f ro nt a n d l a c ks p e d e s t r i a n c ro s s in g s .
I n d u s t r y o c c u p i e s t h e w ate r f ro nt , e li m in at in g p u b li c a c c e s s .
33
C O O L D O CKS
H I S TO RI C S C A L E
T h e c o m m e rc i a l a re a , C o o l D o c k s , i s t h e m a j o r p ro g r a m .
N ew c o n s t r u c t i o n e a s t of Z h o n g sh a n h a s b e e n li m i te d to l ow - to m i d r i s e c o m m e rc i a l a n d h ote l in t h e C o o l D o c ks e nte r t a inm e nt a re a .
34
C O MM ERI C A L F RO N TAG E ; WA L L ED F RO N TAG E
UNP RO G R A MM ED P RO M EN A D E
Waima Lu features historic, dock warehouses that have been repur p osed a s c l u b s , re s t a u r a nt s , a n d b a r s o n o n e s i d e . T h e ot h e r i s m o s t l y a c o nt i nu o u s w a ll .
T h e re c e nt e nte r t a inm e nt p ro g r a m m in g i s n ow b e g innin g to a d d re s s t h e w ate r f ro nt . T hi s ex p o s e s s o m e of t h e in h e re nt ni g ht t i m e q u a li t i e s of a l a rg e w ate r f ro nt p ro m e n a d e ; p h oto s , w a lks , ro m a nt i c m o m e nt s .
35
VAC A N T LOT S
UND ER C O NS T RUC T I O N
Va c ant buil d in g lot s p ave d and tur ne d into temp orar y on - street p ark in g .
Va c a nt l ot s a re c u r re nt l y b e in g d eve l o p e d , w a ll e d of f.
6
36
S ERV I C E ROA D
IN ACC ES S IB L E WAT ERF RO N T
W a i m a L u a c t s a s a s e r v i c e ro a d fo r c i t y s e r v i c e s , su c h a s s a ni t at i o n .
G ate d b u il d i n g s a n d a w a ll e d w ate r f ro nt lin e t hi s s e c t i o n of W a i m a L u t h at i s o n l y m ete r s f ro m t h e w ate r.
37
D R E A M W H A RF
MI D - A ND LOW- R I S E
A d a pti ve re - use of histo r ic line ar warehouses fo r c o mmerc i al, in dustr y, a n d c re a t i ve p ro g r a m m i n g .
T h e p re s e n c e of t h e n ew hi g h - r i s e d eve l o p m e nt i s n ot yet fe l t in t hi s 1- 8 s to r y a re a .
6
38
T H ROUGH - B LO CK PAT H S
P ROX I MI T Y TO R I V ER
C o m p a c t , p e d e s tr i an s c al e d thro u g h - b l o c k p aths c re ate a uni q u e b l o c k t y p o l o g y a n d c irc u l a t i o n s e q u e n c e tow a rd s t h e w ate r.
Most of Waima Lu contains either ver y narrow buildings or walls re s t r i c t i n g p e d e s t r i a n s f ro m t h e w ate r f ro nt .
39
6
N A N PU B R I D G E
N E W C O NS T RUC T I O N
T h e N a n p u B r i d g e inte rc h a n g e a c t s a s a l o c a l s p e c t a c l e a n d l a n d m a r k .
N ew, m i d - r i s e c i v i c b u il d in g s h ave m a d e a p re s e n c e n e a r t h e b r i d g e.
40
C I T Y ROA D
WA L L ED S T R EE T ED G E
N a n p u B r i d g e c o nn e c t s t h e l a rg e r c o ntex t of t h e c i t y to t h e s i te.
W ate r o n l y m ete r s aw ay, W a i m a L u i s lin e d w i t h a c o nt inu o u s l eve e t h at re s t r i c t s p e d e s t r i a n a c c e s s .
41
R EC R E AT I O N A L WAT ERF RO N T
H IGH - RI S E R ES I D EN T I A L
R e c re a t i o n a l u s e s , su c h a s t hi s d r i v i n g r a n g e, re p re s e nt s o m e of t h e ex i s t i n g a c t i ve fu n c t i o n s of t h e e a s t b a nk i n P u d o n g .
P u d o n g’s hi g h - r i s e re s i d e nt i a l towe r s d o m in ate t h e sk y lin e a n d f a il to a d d re s s P u m i n g R o a d .
6
42
EMP T Y A R T ERI A L
F ER RY T ER MIN A L
P u m i n g ro a d h a s t h e w i d t h to a c c o m o d a te a l a rg e a m o u nt of ve hi c l e s p e r d ay. B e c au s e t h e re i s n o p ro g r a m , i t i s r a re l y o c c u p i e d .
F e r r y te r m i n a l s a c t a s t h e s o l e p u b li c p ro g r a m w i t h t h e exc e pt i o n of t h e l i m i te d p a r k p a t h s o n t h e w ate r f ro nt .
43
ISSUE SUMM A RY
C H A R AC T ER W hat is the snapshot identit y of the site?
BU I L D I N G S W h a t i s t h e s c a l e, t y p o l o g y, p ro g r a m ?
N o t h in g s p e c i a l a t t h e w a t e r f r o n t .
A l a c k of p u b li c g ro u n d f l o o r p ro g r a m .
T he analysis reveals that the current mode of development on the site is generic model.
Isolate d p o cket s of pub lic pro gram along a primarily private and walled of f water front. No embeded loc al communit y e a s t of Z h o n g sh a n R o a d .
T he are a is b eing tre ate d like ever y other area in Shanghai where isolated f r a g m e nt s , l ike C o o l D o c k s a n d D re a m W h a r f, a re b ein g p re s e r ve d in t h e mi d s t of e r a su re. T he site holds a rich histor y and a unique d e s i g n p o te n t i a l to e s t a b l i s h a hy b r i d u r b a ni s m .
44
For tified superblocks with a homogenous p ro g r a m of h i g h r i s e re s i d e nt i a l towe r s l i n e t h e we s t e d g e of Z h o n g sh a n R o a d . T h e hi s to r i c a ll y s c a l e d b u il d in g s h ave a p o te n t i a l fo r g re a te r e c o n o m i c re t u r n than the current models of developement.
R OA D S W h a t i s t h e fu n c t i o n of t h e c o r r i d o r?
WAT ER F R O N T W h at i s t h e re l at i o n shi p to t h e w ate r f ro nt?
Un t a p p e d p o t e n t i a l o f Wa i m a L u .
E xc l u s i v e u s e o f t h e w a t e r f r o n t .
T he nor th south water front road is cur rentl y b ein g use d as a ser v ic e stre et. T he lo c ation of the ro ad has the p otential to b e a c o nt i nu o u s w a te r f ro nt c o r r i d o r.
P u b li c a re a s a re fo r a s e l e c t e li te su c h a s t h e b e a c h a n d y a c ht c l u b . P r i v a te i n d u s t r i e s re s t r i c t a c c e s s a t p o te nt i a l p u b li c a c c e s s p o int s .
Z h o n g sh an R o a d as a p e d estr i an b ar r ier. Fences along the center of the ro ad block e a s t w e s t a c c e s s p o i n t s to w a r d s t h e r i v e r. P e d e s t r i a n s a re i n c o nv i n e n c e d a n d m u s t w a lk a b ove t r a f f i c a t l i m i te d c ro s s i n g p o i nt s .
L eve e w a l l s e l i m i n a te t h e p re s e n c e of t h e r i ve r f ro m t h e n e i g h b o r h o o d .
E a s t we s t c o r r i d o r s a re p r i m a r il y a ll i e s a n d s e r v i c e s t re et s t h a t d o n ot c re a te lively connections between the n e i g h b o r h o o d a n d w a te r f ro nt .
45
46
D ES I G N F R A M E W O R K 48
Vision -T h e M i d d l e W ay
50
Goals and Strategies - I d e nt i t y - N et wo r k - P ro g r a m
56
Design Principles - S p a t i a l iz at i o n o n S i te
64
Masterplan - U r b a n Tr a n s e c t - B l o c k Ty p o l o g y
3
DESI GN FR AME WOR K V ISION , S T R AT EGIES, M A S T ERPL A N
47
THE MIDDLE WAY C EL EB R AT I N G T H E S O U T H BU N D WAT ERFRONT AS A COE XISTANCE OF T H E PAS T, P R E S E N T, A N D F U T U R E ID ENT IT Y OF SH A NGH A I.
48
49
GOA L S A ND ST R AT EGI ES A f te r i d e nt i f y i n g t h e p r i o r i s s u e s , t h e fo ll ow in g g o a l s s e ek to a d d re s s t h e m in design at multiple sc ales. L arge, medium, a n d s m a l l c o n c e p t s m a y b e a p p l i e d to each goal. To e n h a n c e t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e p u b l i c spaces and create a vibrant neighborhood, t h e g o a l s o f i d e n t i t y, n e t w o r k , a n d pro gram seek to define the design fo cus. N i n e s u b - g o a l s b re a k t h e m a i n to p i c s d ow n o n m o re s p e c i f i c s p a t i a l te r m s .
50
L A RG E : District and / or corridor concepts at a s i te a n d c o ntex t s c a l e. M ED I U M : E x p e c t at i o ns fo r t h e b l o c ks , b u il d in g s , a n d p u b li c spaces. SMALL: El e m e nt a l c o m p o n e nt s , su c h a s s t re et fu r ni tu re, s i g n a g e, o r l a n d s c a p i n g .
E x i s t i n g v i ew tow a rd s P u d o n g f ro m C o o l D o c ks te r r a c e.
51
ID ENT IT Y M a in t a inin g s c a l e a n d hi s t or i c t ex t ur e of the site. Intent : Preser ve character of the unique w ate r f ro nt b u il d in g / b l o c k t y p o l o g y a n d l ow - to m i d - r i s e s c a l e.
SCALE
H I S T O RY
L ANDMARKS
CONTINUIT Y
C O N N EC T I O N
POROSIT Y
NE T WORK Improving qualit y of access to and along the water front. Intent : I n c re a s e c i t y, n e i g h b o r h o o d , a n d s i te a c c e s s to t h e w a te r f ro nt .
PROGR A M S h i f t i n g S h a n g h a i ’s f o c u s t o t h e H u a n g p u R i v e r. Intent : I n c re a s in g p u b li c p ro g r a m , su c h a s fo r commerical, enter tainment, and recreational uses, gives a reason to o c c u py t h e w a te r f ro nt .
PUB L I C 52
ED G E
M U LT I F U N C T I O N A L
SCALE
H istori c al
L A N D M A RKS
Integrate the global scale with the historic.
R e t a in t h e p hy s i c a l un i q u e n e s s o f t h e site.
U tilize p hy s ic al lan dmar k s a s c a t al y s t s for development.
Large : Restrict block consolidation east of Z h o n g sh a n R o a d .
Large : P r e s e r v e c h a r a c te r o f C h i n e s e p o r t s . R ev i ve c a n a l s o n P u d o n g w ate r f ro nt .
Large : U s e ex i s t i n g l a n d m a r k s a s a n c h o r s to info r m su p p o r t in g p ro g r a m .
Medium : Increment al infill develo pment = tex ture. H i g h e r d e n s i t y a t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n hu b s .
Medium : A d a pti ve reu se of his to r i c b uil d in g s into n e w p r o g r a m s , s u c h a s a m a r ke t a n d museum.
Medium : C re ate hi g h d e n s i t i e s of a c t i v i t y a ro u n d ex i s t in g a n d p ro p o s e d l a n d m a r ks .
Small : M ediate the global sc ale with the historic at t h e p e d e s t r i a n l eve l b y
Small : R e p u r p o sin g m ate r i als fo r b u il d in g s a n d p u b l i c s p a c e s fo r n ew p u r p o s e s , su c h a s p ave r s o r s i g n a g e.
Small : Use interactive water elements as d ef inin g fe atu re s at l a n d m a r k l o c at i o ns , su c h a s m i s t s p i t t in g d r a g o n s .
53
C O N T INU I T Y
C O NN EC T I O N
P O ROS I T Y
L i n k t h e c i t y ’s i c o n i c p u b l i c s p a c e s along the nor th / south corridors.
Improve the east /west corridors t o w a r d s a n d a c r o s s t h e r i v e r.
Remove barriers i n c l u s i v i t y.
Large : L i n k ex i s t i n g p u b l i c s p a c e s f r o m t h e Bund / Lujiazui to the E xpo Cit y / Park. E x te n d Z h o n g s h a n R o a d t u n n e l s o u t h tow a rd s N a n p u B r i d g e.
Large : D efine a hier arc hy of stre et s c o nne c tin g public transit nodes.
Large : Rem ov in g walls e ast of Z hon g sh an ro a d . A l l o w fo r m o re a c c e s s p o i nt s t h ro u g h t h e l eve e s .
Medium : P rovide Z hongshan Ro ad trolley b et ween t h e B u n d a n d N a n p u B r i d g e. Small : Increase sidewalk width, add bicycle lanes, and improve the streetsc ap e along nor th / south axis. 54
Medium : A d d c o mmerc i al g ro un d fl o o r to a c ti vate a n d i m p rove ex p e r i e n c i a l q u a l i t y e a s t / west between neighborhoods and w ate r f ro nt . Small : Increase access p oints across Zhongshan R o a d . R e m ove m e d i a n b a r r i e r s .
to
promote
Medium : P r i v ate d eve l o p e r s mu s t p rov i d e p u b li c a c c e s s to a m e ni t i e s w i t hin t h e b l o c k . Small : M ate r i a l s , su c h a s p av in g a n d li g ht in g , to indic ate c onne c tions to pu b lic re alms.
MULT IF UN C T I O N A L
PUB L I C
ED G E
Create a diverse, lively distric t.
Cr e a t e a c on tinuo u s p ub li c wa t e r f r on t .
Expand the physical edge of the water front.
Large : C re a te a ve r t i c a l l y m i xe d - u s e d i s t r i c t . Ensu re d i ve r si t y of p ro g r a m an d a c ti v i t y d u r i n g b ot h t h e d ay a n d ni g ht .
Large : P roper t y along Waima Ro ad must provide p u b li c p ro g r a mmin g a n d a c c e s s t hro u g h development and to the water front. Increase visibilit y of the river by removing walls and redesigning the l eve e.
Medium : R e t r o f i t ex i s t i n g i s o l a te d b l o c k t y p e s w ith infill pro gramming. Intro ducing new construction within existing historic scaled blocks. Small : P r o v i d e a v a r i e t y o f o p p o r t u n i t i e s fo r s t ati o n ar y a c ti v i tie s w i th g am e s , sh a d e, a n d s e a t in g .
Medium : M u l t i - t i e re d p ro g r a m m i n g . Small : D eve l o p m e nt b et we e n Wa im a R o a d a n d the water front must provide dual c o m m e rc i a l f ro nt a g e s .
Large : Create new dock program on the water front and re purpose existing docks. Medium : Increase the w ate r f ro nt .
accessibility
to
the
Small : R e d e s i g n l e v e e w a l l to i n te g r a te i n to b u il d in g s t r u c tu re, u s e o p e r a b l e g ate s , a n d a ll ow p e d e s t r i a n f l ow t hro u g h .
55
D ESIGN PRINC IPL ES T he design principles spatialize the c o nn e c t i ve t i s su e, n et wo r k of s y s te m s a n d t h e l aye r in g of p ro g r a m o n t h e s i te. A h e i a r c h y o f ke y a r e a s s u c h a s t h e water front and public transpor tation n o d e s e m e rg e s a s t h e v isi o ns a n d g o als a re t r a n s l a te d into t hre e d i m e n s i o n . The overlay of the design principles c u l m i n a te s in a c o m p re h e n s i ve m a s te r plan.
56
P RO C ES S MO D EL Stu d y m o d e l s h ow in g n ew a n d ex i s t i n g b u il d i n g s , h e i g ht a n d d e n s i t y, a n d b l o c k s c a l e a n d fa b r i c .
57
WAT ERF RO N T PUB L I C S PAC E
ID ENT IT Y Framing the river with a setback of towers and providing access to the w ate r ’s e d g e t r a n s fo r m s t h e r i ve r i t s e l f i nto a p u b li c s p a c e. L a n d m a r ks g ro u n d t hs si te w i t h a l a rg e r g l o b al id entit y an d link ex istin g an c h o r s on the site such as C ool Docks and D re a m W h a r f.
P ro g r a m t h e t h e w ate r f ro nt w i t h o c c u p i a b l e p u b li c s p a c e.
58
L A N D M A RKS
F R A MING T H E R I V ER
C re ate c u l tu r a l l a n d m a r k s a t t h e b e n d of t h e H u a n g p u R i ve r.
Fr a m e t h e r i ve r w i t h a n u r b a n w a ll of hi g h - r i s e b u il d in g .
59
N O R T H / SOU T H C O N T INUI T Y
NE T WORK E m p h a s i s i n g W a i m a L u a s a l i v e l y, a c t i v a te d ro a d w ill c re a te a c o nt i nu o u s historic ally sc aled corridor along the w ate r f ro nt . Designing the connective tissue to c re ate link a g e s f ro m t h e n e i g h b o r h o o d to t h e w a te r f ro nt . I n s e r t i o n of m et ro s to p s into ex i s t in g m et ro li n e s c re a te a l a rg e r c o nn e c t i o n s to t h e c i t y.
D evelo p Waim a Lu as an eng a g ing street w ith c ontinuous pu b lic g round f l o o r p ro g r a m m in g .
60
E A S T/ W ES T C O NN EC T I O N
M E T RO N O D E D ENS I T Y
E m p h a s i n g ro a d s t h a t a re c o nt i n u o u s c o n n e c t i o n s b e t w e e n p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n n o d e s , t h e O l d C hi n e s e C i t y a n d t h e w ate r f ro nt
D enser d evelo p ment at metro no d es b e c ause of hig h d esire a bilit y b r ing g re ate r e c o n o m i c retu r n .
61
SUB - D I S T RI C T S
PROGR A M A d d i n g p ro g r a m to su p p o r t t h e ex i s t i n g c h a r a c te r of t h e su b d i s t r i c t s . Residential densit y within the historic ally s c a l e d f a b r i c to su p p o r t t h e a d d i t i o n a l w ate r f ro nt p ro g r a m . A nticipating the future p opulation grow th of S h a n g h a i a n d t h e d e s i re a b ili t y of t h e w ate r f ro nt a re a by c re a t i n g a hy b r i d of r e s i d e n t i a l i n s e r t i o n w i t h i n a h i s to r i c w ate r f ro nt f a b r i c . The increase in ver tical residential d e n s i t y a t a p r i m e l o c a t i o n a ll ow s fo r a m o re i nte n s e d eve l o p m e nt a n d h i g h e r FA R to yield greater return on investment.
L e v e r a g in g t h e e x i s t i n g p r o g r a m t o e x p a n d u p o n t h e i r s t r e n g t h s to enhance the charac ter of each neighborhood.
62
R ES I D EN T I A L INS ER T I O NS
PUB L I C P RO G R A MMING
Inser ting an embeded local communit y while maintaining the historic fabric.
C r e a t in g a t t r a c t i o n s a n d a m e n i t i e s a l o n g t h e w a t e r f r o n t t o p r ov i d e for both a local and visiting population.
63
M AST ERPL A N t H E RI V ER Focus public space creation and p ro g r a mmin g o n b ot h t h e e a s t a n d we s t water front of the Huangpu River. Supp or t the programming with residential i n s e r t i o n s into t h e ex i s t i n g s m a ll s c a l e fa b r i c .
T H E N EIGHBO RS H ig hlig ht Waim a L u as the m ain c o r r i d o r f o r p e d e s t r i a n l i fe a n d p u b l i c s p a c e . C onnect neighb orhoo ds to the water front a n d e m p h a s i ze c o n n e c t i o n s to p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t at i o n .
64
THE CIT Y Improve the connecting roads of Zhongshan and P uming. M ake ac cessible routes that connect the site more su c c e s s fu ll y to t h e c i t y.
T H E R ESULT S T h e i m p l e m e nt at i o n re su l t s i n a hi g h l y connected district with a continuous w a te r f r o n t p u b l i c s p a c e t h a t n o t o n l y a c t s a s a uni q u e m o m e nt in the c i t y, b u t p ave s t h e w ay fo r a n ew m o d e l of r i ve r fo c u s e d d eve l o p m e nt .
M ASTE R PL AN
65
URBA N T R A NSEC T Fr om t h e H uan gp u Ri ve r t o t h e c ur r e n t high-rise development, the design t r a n s e c t s t e p s u p in c r e m e n t a l l y a s i t terrac e s bac k f rom the wa ter. Re t aining and framing the his toric scale allows m or e op p or t uni t i t e s f or v ie w s towar d s t h e r i v e r. T h e hi s t o r i c , l o w - t o m i d - r i s e s c a l e o f the immediate water front steps up at Zhongshan Road and again with the tower d eve lop m e n t we s t of Zhon g s han t h e n b a c k d o w n i n t o t h e h i s t o r i c c i t y.
66
A
B
C
E x a m p l e t r a n s e c t : P u d o n g to t h e B u n d
67
S EC T I O N A
Line Zhongshan Road with trees to reduce heat island ef fec t.
25 68
50
10 0
Zhongshan Road
Bioswale along promenade to filter s u r f a c e w a t e r r u n - o f f.
Wa i m a L u
A
Low rise commerical p r o gr ammin g a d dr e s s e s park path.
Puming Road 69
S EC T I O N B
Line Zhongshan Road with trees to reduce heat island ef fedt.
25 70
50
10 0
Zhongshan Road
Performing Arts Educ ation facilities to be design net zero w a t e r.
Wa i m a L u
B
Park with native plants to minimize irrigation an d w a t e r c on s um p t ion .
Puming Road 71
S EC T I O N C
Inner block cour tayrds can be used as communit y gardens.
25 72
50
Add green roofs e x i s t in g b u il d in g s .
10 0
Zhongshan Road
to
Wa i m a L u
C
Minimize lawns.
tur f
grass
Puming Road 73
T H E BLOCKS Iso l atin g in d i v idu al b l o cks o n in b oth the Cool Docks and Dream W har f sub d i s t r i c t s h e l p g i ve a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e t y p i c a l w a te r f ro nt b l o c k s t r u c tu re. Both block t ypologies have a unique s p at i a l c h a r a c te r i s t i c s t h a t a d d re s s t h e fo ll ow in g f r a m ewo r k c a te g o r i e s :
74
WAT ER F R O N T PUB L I C S PAC E P u b l i c l y a c c e s s i b l e w ate r f ro nt .
WAT ER F R O N T P R O G R A M M I N G P u b li c u s e s a d d re s s in g t h e w ate r.
WA I M A LU Condition of frontage road.
C O M M ER C I A L U S ES Concentration of public ground floors.
I N T ER I O R B LO CK PUB L I C S PAC E L o c a t i o n o f inn e r b l o c k o p p or t uni t i e s .
R ES I D EN T I A L I N S ER T I O N S O p p o r t u n i t i e s t o c r e a t e d e n s i t y.
C O O L D O CKS
D R E A M W H A RF
B ot h a d a pt i ve re - u s e a n d n ew c o m m e rc i a l d eve l o p m e nt at t h e hi s to r i c s c a l e of t h e p o r t w a re h o u s e s .
Adaptive re - use of existing east / west linear warehouses into commercial, i n d u s t r y, a n d c re at i ve u s e s .
75
C O O L D O CKS Create retail dock with the addtion of program on the water front.
76
H i g h li g h t lin e a r in t e r i o r p ub li c s p a c e a n d a c c e s s t hr o u g h a n d t o t h e d o c k and added commercial.
A d d ve r t i c al r e s id e n t ial.
Maintain urban edge at Zhongshan Road.
WAT ER F R O N T PUB L I C S PA C E
WA I M A LU
I N T ER I O R B L O CK PUB L I C S PA C E
WAT ER F R O N T P R O G R A M M I N G
C O M M ER C I A L U S E S
R E S I D EN T I A L I N S ER T I O N S
77
D R E A M W H A RF Create retail dock with the addtion of program on the water front.
78
A d d ve r t i c al r e s id e n t ial.
Highlight cour tyard p ub li c s p a c e a n d a c c e s s t hr o u g h a n d t o t h e d o c k and added commercial.
Maintain urban edge at Zhongshan Road.
WAT ER F R O N T PUB L I C S PA C E
WA I M A LU
I N T ER I O R B L O CK PUB L I C S PA C E
WAT ER F R O N T P R O G R A M M I N G
C O M M ER I C I A L U S E S
R E S I D EN T I A L I N S ER T I O N S
79
80
D ES I G N D E TA I L S 82
98
Cool Docks - Block Principles - D e s i g n D et a il - Block Vision Dream Whar f - Block Principles - D e s i g n D et a il - Block Vision
4 DESI GN DE TAIL S
FOCUSED DESIG N LOC AT ION S
81
COOL D O CKS T he block principles spatialize the relationships and connections in the p u b lic re alm . T he p r in c i p les are d efine d a t ke y p u b l i c s p a c e s w i t h i n t h e b l o c k that exemplif y the pedestrian experience. A Regional At trac tion. T h e ex i s t in g n a tu re of t h e a re a i s hi g h end retail set in a historic ally sc aled d evel o p ment. T he t y p o l o g y of the b l o ck structure is the use of traditional Chinese c our t yard sp aces. T he grain of the b lo ck structure runs parallel with the w a te r f ro nt w h i c h l e n d s i t s e l f to l i n e a r p ro m e n a d e p u b li c s p a c e.
82
Wa i m a L u
Promenade
Interior Cour t yard
E a s t / We s t C o n n e c t i o n S t r e e t
Wa t e r f r o n t P l a z a
F O CU S A R E A S Wa i m a L u : The water front road that varies in c h a r a c te r t hro u g h e a c h su b - d i s t r i c t . Promenade : T he l arg e sc ale, p e d estr i an p u b lic s p a c e o n t h e w ate r f ro nt . I n t e r i o r C o u r t ya r d : S i m il a r to t h e ex i s t in g C o o l D o c ks , t h e interior cour t yards create pedestrian s c a l e c o m m e rc i a l o p p o r tu ni t i e s . E a s t / We s t C o n n e c t i o n S t r e e t : C o nne c t s the w ate r fro nt w i th the M etro s t a t i o n a n d H i s to r i c w a ll e d c i t y. Wa t e r f r o n t P l a z a : A m u l t i - l eve l p l a z a t h a t te r r a c e s d ow n tow a rd s t h e w ate r h e i g ht a n d re s p o n d s to t h e t i d a l c h a n g e s of t h e H u a n g p u .
83
WA I M A LU - C O O L D O CKS
Openings in buildings allow for a visual c o n n e c t i o n t o w a t e r.
20
84
40
Separations increase b l o c k p e r m e a b i l i t y.
Provide street trees where room allows along the sidewalk.
Commerical frontages continue through the w a t e r f r on t c onn e c t ion s .
5
10
85
P RO M EN A D E - C O O L D O CKS
Stair access points create a dynamic w a t e r f r o n t d ur in g t i d e s .
20
86
40
Mobil barges may contain programming, s u c h a s s w i m m in g .
Levee walls may rise from the ground or ex tend out of the walls.
‘Boatel’ programming supp or t s the c ommeric al programming.
10
20
87
IN T ERI O R C OUR T YA R D - C O O L D O CKS
Ground floor public program on high-rise residential towers.
10
88
20
Commercial edge surrounding the public c o u r t ya r d s .
Wa t e r f e a t u r e s c r e a t e gathering spaces and add interes t.
Outdoor seating areas m a y a d d r e s s c o u r t ya r d and enliven space.
10
20
89
E A S T/ W ES T C O NN EC T I O N S T R EE T - C O O L D O CKS
Va r y in g s e t b a c k s d e f in e s t r e t c h e s o f c o mm e r c ial use.
20
90
40
Ed g e o p e n in g s in c r e a s e b l o c k p e r m e a b i l i t y.
Commercial frontages continue through the w a t e r f r on t c onn e c t ion s .
Te r r a c i n g s t e p s a n d landscape respond to tidal changes.
5
10
91
WAT ERF RO N T P L A Z A - C O O L D O CKS
Levee walls create colonnade type commerical corridors.
20
92
40
Promenade paving handles annual floods.
Te r r a c e s p r o v i d e a r e a s for landscaping that handles flooding.
Te r r a c e s create a dynamic edge to the w a t e r f r o n t d ur in g t i d e s .
10
20
93
C O O L D O CKS D E TA IL Te r r a c e s d o w n t o t h e water that respond to tidal conditions.
94
Te r r a c i n g balcony condition creates tiers o f a c t i v i t y.
C our t yar d wa ter f ea t ur e.
Residential inser tion w i t h c omm e r i c al gr o un d f l o o r.
95
Historic warehouse facades line the promenade.
96
Large public space s up p or t s a c ti v i tie s, s uc h a s Ta i C h i .
Shading c anopie s d e f in e gathering spaces and provide shade.
The currently private beach may be moved onto a barge.
T i d e r e s p on s i ve b r i d g e s c onn e c t b o a t s w i t h C o o l Docks
Boats to have leisure p r o g r a m , ‘ b o a t e l s ’, a n d dance halls.
Te r r a c e s p r ov id e uni q u e perspectives and l a y e r in g o f t h e s p a c e s .
Native plants help c o n t r o l s t o r m w a t e r.
Mobile program can t r a v e l t h e r i v e r.
Steps terrace down to the water where the edge respond to tides.
97
D RE A M W H A RF T he block principles spatialize the relationships and connections in the p u b lic re alm . T he p r in c i p les are d efine d a t ke y p u b l i c s p a c e s w i t h i n t h e b l o c k that exemplif y the pedestrian experience. A Local Des tination. T h e ex i s t in g n a tu re of t h e a re a i s a a n a d a pt i ve re u s e of hi s to r i c b u il d i n g s fo r local commercial, small industr y and c re a t i ve u s e s . T h e g r a i n of t h e b l o c k structure runs perpendicular to the w a te r f ro nt c re a t i n g n a r ro w e a s t w e s t corridors that are suitable for loc al p ro g r a m m in g .
98
Through Block Passage
Commercial Corridor
Ac tive Piers
Wa i m a L u
Wa t e r f r o n t P a r k
F O CU S A R E A S Wa i m a L u : The water front road that varies in c h a r a c te r t hro u g h e a c h su b - d i s t r i c t . Ac tive Piers : H o r izo nt a l p i e r s t h at a re b ot h n ew a n d re - u s e t h a t p rov i d e a c t i ve re c re a t i o n a l a n d l e i su re p ro g r a m m in g . Commercial Corridor: S m a ll s c a l e t hro u g h - p at h s t h at c o nn e c t t h e b l o c ks we s t of Z h o n g sh a n R o a d to t h e w ate r f ro nt . Through Block Passage : S e c o n d a r y, n o n - c o m m e r c i a l t h r o u g h p at h s p e r fo r ate t h e b l o c ks . Wa t e r f r o n t P a r k : El ev ate d p a r k t h at c re ate s u ni q u e v iew s of t h e H u a n g p u a n d i s o l ate s t h e u s e r s f ro m t h e s t re et .
99
WA I M A LU - D R E A M W H A RF Provide access to parking garages of f of Wa i m a L u .
20 10 0
40
Provide clear visual c o n n e c t i o n w i t h w a t e r.
Maintain street edge w i t h r e t a il, d inin g, b ar s , of fice, and ac tive uses.
Create small gathering s p a c e s in f r o n t o f p i e r s .
10
20
101
AC T I V E P I ERS - D R E A M W H A RF
Provide publicly a c c e s s ib le g y m f a c ili tie s ( i . e . r o c k c l i m b l in g ) .
10
10 2
20
Provide publicly accessible restrooms.
Small juic e b ar s or c a f e s can suppor t the ac tive recreational uses.
Piers can have cour ts, such as badminton.
10
20
10 3
C O MM ERI C A L C O R R I D O R - D R E A M W H A RF
Clearly identified paths connect Zhongshan to the water front.
20 10 4
40
Facade setbacks allow for outdoor cafe tables.
Linear design elements encourage movement t o w a r d s t h e w a t e r.
Small level changes w i t h s h a d e a n d s e a t in g .
5
10
10 5
T H RO UGH B LO CK PA S SAG E - D R E A M W H A RF
P a v in g m a y b e s e t in t o s i d e w a l k t o d i s t in g u i s h a through-path.
20 10 6
40
Access to parking garage of f throughpath.
Provide shaded pocket parks away from commercial streets.
Linear design elements encourage movement t o w a r d s t h e w a t e r.
10
20
10 7
WAT ERF RO N T PA RK - D R E A M W H A RF
Corner building cutbacks add interest a n d in c r e a s e v i s i b il i t y.
10
10 8
20
Ac c e s sible programming for both public and p r i va t e ya c h t u s e r s .
Te r r a c i n g l a n d s c a p e s t e p s u p t o l e ve e h e i g h t change.
Elevated pedestrian paths provide photo oppor tunities.
10
20
10 9
D R E A M W H A RF D E TA IL Active recreational programming, such as table tennis and badminton on pier s.
110
Green roof with paths r u n n in g p a t h s t h a t l o o k o u t t o w a r d r i v e r.
Linear elements encourage movement through towards the w a t e r.
Add storefronts to existing warehouse struc tures.
111
Open programming for games such as b a dmin ton or volley b all.
112
Windows oriented towards the water front.
Small commercial program suppor ts the recreational uses.
High-rise residences look at over the piers t o w a r d s t h e r i v e r.
Ground floor openings with operable levees maintain the visual relationship.
Second floor p r o g r a m m in g l o o k s o u t onto the piers.
Boardwalks reach out into the water and provide unique views.
Undulating vegetative roof system,
Large open warehouse to s up p or t pr o gr ammin g such as table tennis.
113
114
C O N C LU S I O N T h e f u t ur e o f Shan ghai i s N EI T H ER t h e f r a g m e n t e d p r e s e r va t i o n o f hi s t or i c a l zones NOR is it the development of large scaled generic urbanism. The future of Shanghai must be THE M I DD L E WAY b e t w e e n t h e t o w. I t i s retaining the old identit y while allowing for the necessar y future g r o w t h o f t h e c i t y. T h i s m o d e l o f in c r e m e n t a l d e v e l o p m e n t i s a hy b r i d urbanism that creates a space along S h a n g h a i ’s w a t e r f r o n t f o r t h e o l d urban form and the new urban development to coexist. The Middle Wa y i s t h e f u t u r e o f S h a n g h a i ’s l o c a l i d e n t i t y. I t i s a d e s i g n f o r t h e coexistence of the past, present, and future identit y of Shanghai.
5 CON C LUSION
IMPLEMEN TAT ION S T R AT EGY
115
C R ED I T S G l o b a l Ur b a n i s m s S t u d i o M a s te r of U r b a n D e s i g n Wa s h in g t o n U n i v e r s i t y in S t . L o u i s S u m m e r 2 013 Book by J e nni fe r A . Wo n g G r a nt M . H ro m a s Associate Professor J o hn H o a l V i s i t in g P r o f e s s o r Bu Bing
116