The Europe Young People Want by JEF_Europe

Europe THE

YO U N G P E O P L E THE YOUNG EUROPEAN FEDEREALIST’S

ELECTION PROJECT POLITICAL PARTY STATEMENTS EXPERT STATEMENTS

WANT

YOUNG PEOPLES

IDEAS ARTISTIC INSTALLATION

Partners

Editorial Espen Berg-Larsen Project Manager

his publication is a result of the MovEurope Forward 2014! project of the Young European Federalists towards the European Parliament Elections 2014. The Young European Federalists is a non-partisan youth organisation with about 30 000 members in more than 35 countries. Our goal is the creation of a democratic European federation as a crucial ingredient for peace and a guarantee for a more free, just and democratic society.

European Free Alliance Youth

Why mobilise young people to go and vote? Despite being the biggest transnational election ever to take place, the number of people expected to stay home and not participate in the elections were higher than ever. As an organisation working towards a true democratic European Federation, we felt the responsibility to contribute to the participation of as many young people we could reach. To have an insight into our project we invite you to read this publication.

Young European Socialists

Federation of Young Eurpoean Greens

European Liberal Youth

Youth of the Eurpean Peoples Party

International Federation of Liberal Youth

For more information visit www.moveurope.eu and www.jef.eu

Table of Content 6

Climate Justice

Civil Rights

Economic crisis

Education

Connie Hedegaard, EU Climate Action Commissioner

Dominika Bychawska-Siniarska, Helsinki Foundation

Erik Dale, Bruegel

Luis Alvarado Martínez, Former AEGEE President

My wish for Europe

Migration

Presenting the Artistic installation of MovEurope 2014!

Constanza Hermanin, Open Society Foundations

Youth unemployment

Ignacio Doreste, ETUC

Antoine Borg Micallef, ThinkYoung

36 Populism and Extremism Laszlo Foldi, No Hate Speech Movement 40 Social Rights

Renato Carmo, Inequality observatory, Portugal

Media Freedom

Milena Stosic European Youth Press

Introduction

he MovEurope Forward project started as any European project, a crazy idea. We wanted a project that could bring together desicion makers and young people, to shift the political focus to what Europe young people want. The project we came up with to do this was MovEurope Forward 2014! The purpose of MovEurope has been to involve young people in political thinking, coming up with their ideas and proposals, as well as mobilising young people to go and vote in the European Parliament Elections in May 2014. To acheieve this we have organised

local public consultations where we have invited MEP-candidates to discuss the nine topics presented in this publication with young people.

A bus tour through 10 countries: The Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Italy, Spain and France.

public pan-european actions focusing on ”Democracy Under Pressure”, ”European Federation”, ”Sustainable Future”, ”Time to vote” and ”Respect My Vote”

1000

informative events – being the estimated sum of election related events organised by all JEF sections all over Europe.

With MovEurope Forward we have reached out to thousands of young people all over Europe with the message of democracy and the importance of participating. This publication is to present some of the ideas we came across, and to set the focus on nine very important topics. 5

In the EU, we made a good first start by setting climate energy targets for 2020 and we are on track to reaching our aims. Since 1990, we have already reduced our emissions by 18% and are looking to significantly over-achieve our objective by 2020. But with the end of the decade around the corner we are now getting ready to move further and set even higher targets for 2030. Our proposals to reduce emissions by 40%, increase the use of renewables by at least 27% and improve our energy efficiency by 30% by 2030 are without doubt ambitious, but at the same time realistic and doable goals that can be reached with

Climate Justice Connie Hedegaard EU Climate Action Commissioner

oung people today are growing up in a world where climate change is the talk of the day. Extreme weather events, like floods, draughts and heat waves are becoming commonplace news, just as the scientists predicted, and there is a risk that they will intensify more in the future. The question that Europe’s youth is asking now is not whether climate action is needed but HOW we are going to go about it, to make sure the environment, the people and our economy all stand to benefit.

For that, however, we first need politics and politicians who dare to think for the long term. Climate change cannot be solved overnight, so short-term thinking will not do.

The question that Europe’s youth is asking now is not whether climate action is needed but HOW we are going to go about it!

As Europe’s leaders, we have a duty towards future generations some courage and determination. To do all this, we need to put in place a range of policy measures. We have already taken steps to strengthen the European Emissions Trading System and to ensure a reasonable carbon price that makes the polluters pay for their emissions. This will help reduce emissions in a cost-efficient way and provide incentives for developing less polluting technologies. But we also need solutions in many other fields, like e.g. limiting emissions from transport and agriculture, setting standards in building regulations, and restricting harmful fluorinated gases. These are just some of the areas where governments must prove resolute action.

We need all countries to agree on a new global climate deal in 2015 Crucially though, the EU cannot act alone. Climate change is a global phenomenon and its effects traverse national and other borders. To tackle these, we need all countries to agree on a new global climate deal in 2015 and do their part to keep the world from over-warming. Of course, countries’ responsibilities will vary. But without breaking the firewall between the developed and developing countries, the majority of the costs and damage will be shouldered by countries most vulnerable to climate change impacts. As Europe’s leaders, we have a duty towards future generations. We must respond to their worries and make sure our actions today don’t harm the planet we pass on to them. We cannot behave like grasshoppers which land on a flourishing field but leave nothing behing. To act in a responsible way for the benefit of generations to come must be an obligation – and the true essence of climate justice.

A more united Europe, where different cultures live together and work together peacefully and protect the flora and fauna - Marco Europe needs a better protection of the environment; it is only fair for the next generation! - Catherine

Climate Justice

urope should stand together on climate protection and follow a new energy and climate change policy towards a competitive economy. We should be the frontrunners in low-carbon technologies, as well as in the clean-tech sector. European climate and energy policies must also safeguard industrial sectors facing fierce international competition.

e support a European energy super-grid that connects all energy markets, fostering the development of greener sources of energy, increasing the stability of energy supply and allowing a European energy market to emerge.

n order to guarantee the protection of the environment as part of our common heritage from which we all benefit, a more solid European policy must be protected from the influence of lobbies and multinationals.

limate justice must be done in a manner that respects freedom of the individual where possible. Further, climate justice should also be considered as part of civil society and thus also take form as society tradition and individual responsibility.

e need to tax carbon emissions, based on the principle ‘the polluter pays.’ In the short term the emission certificates mustn’t be issued for free. We believe that the only way to solve the climate crisis is to go for 100% renewables. Mitigating technologies like Fracking or Carbon Capture Storage do not work and should not be pursued. We strongly support creation climate fund for countries affected by disastrous consequences of climate change.

nergy efficiency must be emphasized at all levels of domestic and commercial life across Europe. Passive and active houses should become the building standard in all newly built houses in Europe. For the introduction of taxes, the principle of ‘the polluter pays’ has to be the guiding principle. The European Union can only be effective on environmental issues if there is a global approach towards fighting climate change. The EU should lead by example and work towards a progressive global consensus on addressing climate change.

Better redistribution of the Common Agricultural Policy budget. And more organic and sustainable agriculture in Europe - Siguret We need to do more for sustainability and sustainable development in a United Europe! - Jana 8

t is important to act before everyone feels the effects of climate change in our daily lives. These problems cannot be solved without cooperation, and the European Union must be in the forefront. The emission-trading scheme is not working properly, as the prices on CO2 are too low. The polluter needs to pay, thus the number of free emission quotas needs to be reduced. The next generation will benefit from positive actions today. 9

Civil Rights Dominika Bychawska-Siniarska Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights

he European Union, laureate of the 2012 Noble Peace Prize, became an important player on the global human rights scene. Not only including human rights standards in its policies towards neighbouring countries, but also by adopting one of the most modern codifications of human rights in the world – the Charter of Fundamental Rights. However, increasingly often the organization is perceived as the violator of those rights. On one hand, EU is promoting fundamental rights standards in countries looking for the accession and in countries related politically and economically. On the other, human rights are not always a point of reference in European policies and the EU legislation.

One of the most important current problems is the EU activity in the field of data protection. Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the EU expanded its activity into judicial and police cooperation in criminal matters. However, increasingly often both EU policies and the discussed regulations are not in conformity with the well-established human rights standards, e.g. in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.

With the development of the general data transmission, via social portals, search engines, mobile applications and cloud computing one of the most important current problems is the EU activity in the field of data protection. A new package of regulations has been prepared by the EU Commission in order to respond to those problems. The final scope of the regulation is still under negotiation. Another issue relating to privacy protection is the massive invigilation of EU citizens revealed by Edward Snowden, enabled by the EU-US agreement on the free transfer of data (“safe harbour”). An agreement on a free trade zone could be concluded with Americans, only if they would sufficiently secure the rights of European citizens. The LIBE Committee appealed to some of the countries (UK, Sweden, Netherlands and Poland) to provide explanation for the mass surveillance of their citizens. Examples of human rights violations in EU can be multiplied. Discrimination, Roma and migrants rights violations are just the tip of an iceberg. The responsibility for those violations should not rely exclusively on member states, but also on the EU institutions. On a longer run, not only states activity should be regularly monitored, but also the EU policies. The Fundamental Rights Charter can serve as a reference. It contains all the

©Paweł Zdziarski, Surveillance guarantees, which are also enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), as well as economic and social rights. Furthermore, the Charter also protects so-called “thirdgeneration” fundamental rights, such as an explicit right to data protection, guarantees in the field of bioethics or the right to good administration. The Charter due to lack of individual complaint, is not as popular among EU citizens, as the much older European Convention. However, the provisions of the Charter may be used by EU citizens before the expanding EU administration. What is most important, the Charter has become a compass for all EU policies. It is also the basis in the EU legislative process, particularly the Charter serves the Commission which possess the legislative initiative. Increasingly, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) relies on the Charter, while adjudicating in cases concerning EU citizens rights. Member states are bound by the ECHR and the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. Individuals

can claim violation of their rights by the states via the individual complaint mechanisms. Increasingly often member states defend themselves, highlighting that the violation is a result of implementation of EU legislation or policies. However, ordinary EU citizen have no possibility to claim his rights against the EU. Such situation can be remedied by the accession of the EU to the ECHR. This spring, after many years of negotiations, the Council of Europe, member states

Discrimination, Roma and migrants rights violations are just the tip of an iceberg and EU concluded an agreement on the future accession. Currently the CJEU is analysing the conformity of the agreement with EU law, a final decision is expected by the end of the year. Let’s hope that the conclusion of the agreement will strengthen human rights protection in the EU. 11

Civil Rights W

e all want freedom, peace, the chance for prosperity and the access to opportunity. Europe is a place where race, color, religion, sex and national origin are no source for discrimination.

verybody is equal in freedom, independent of ethnicity, gender, heritage, culture, religion, or sexual orientation. It is our common goal to defend the freedom of the individual where it is challenged, where it has been lost, we aim to reinstitute it.

he Young European Liberals are consistently pro-choice in abortion. We are also in favour of same-sex marriage (including adoption rights) and the recognition of transgender people. We stand by a strict separation of state and religion, with mutual respect and noninterference. Finally, we oppose legally imposed quota schemes of positive discrimination.

FAy believes in the right to privacy and protection from discrimination. No personal data should be intercepted and EFAy calls upon the EU to reexamine and continue to study to what extent the privacy of its citizens is respected, and to take action to safeguard them from any breaches of their right to privacy. e are in favour of a stronger international human rights regime working in cooperation with regional human rights courts. We support the establishment of effective possibilities to judicially prosecute breaches of human rights on the global level, since there is currently a wide gap in internationally concerning the real implementation of human rights.

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oung European Socialists stands for a society where everybodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s human and fundamental rights are guaranteed. The democratic process has to be extended and supported in all parts of society, the private as well as the public sector. Regardless of income, ethnic or social origin, gender, sexual orientation or other identities, religious or political orientation, any disabilities and citizenship, everybody should be entitled to fully participate in society.

e dream of an increasingly united Europe, based on the principles of democracy, human rights, the rule of law, subsidiarity and civic participation. To achieve that, substantially civic education should be strengthen in the curricula from an earlier age, with a specific focus on participation and fundamental rights, preparing citizens to make full use of their rights. The active right to vote should also be lowered to the age of 16, matching the rights and responsibilities of young people in society.

What’s worse, what opportunity remains is very unevenly distributed. Our credit system has been brought to a regional freeze, widening the economic chasm already dividing the south from the north. New investment remains elusive for some countries only and only certain groups of citizens see their purchasing power severely weakened, making the regional crisis even deeper and harder to exit than it already is. Recapitalisation and resolution mechanisms for troubled financial institutions thus becomes key and obviously necessary to lubricate these bottlenecks for economic recovery and reducing inequality. ©Jesus Solana

Economic Crisis Erik Dale Online Editor, Bruegel

urope’s crisis of opportunity. Over the past six years, we Europeans have witnessed an unprecedented state of emergency that has divided us by a distance only money can measure. But enough ink has been spilled describing the horrors of Europe’s crisis. There is a sense that perhaps better times are ahead, but if we really are to put this crisis behind us, we must fire from a wider arsenal of politics and economics, with the crisis of opportunity as our main target on the ground. Access to finance must become more available, especially in the

hardest hit countries. Our crisis has been significantly deepened by the collapse of trust and credit in banks, which otherwise would have had a central role to play in creating new growth. Entrepreneurs cannot start new businesses and companies with great potential cannot expand their operations. Opportunity is lost at every level, from employer to employee to country.

If we really are to put this crisis behind us, we must fire from a wider arsenal of politics and economics

Opportunity in Europe has not yet reemerged, but when it does, so will prosperity There is also a waste of opportunity in many parts of our union. Public investment must be restructured to support the most productive firms and sectors that offer the greatest potential for reducing the excessive inequality between citizens and between nations in the euro area. Adjusting the chasm separating our countries’ competitiveness is essential, especially in those that have

seen a total collapse in their own ability to compete. Only then can we hope to avoid seeing some countries end up in a permanent economic respirator, artificially kept alive by those who cannot afford to see them fail.

Access to finance must become more available Finally, we must not put the return of opportunity at risk by adjusting excessive public expenditure, also known under the antagonizing term ‘austerity’, at an ill considered pace. Cuts must come quickly, but without creating additional shocks to already fragile economies. By transferring future and unused EU funds in advance to countries in deep crisis Europe may provide breathing space to complete more aggressive budget reductions, while the European Investment Bank could increase its investments to make up for reductions in the member states’ own expenditure. The most important move we Europeans can make together is still to realize that opportunity is easily lost and hard to regain. This crisis is a marathon, not a sprint. Opportunity in Europe has not yet reemerged, but when it does, so will prosperity.

Economic Crisis

n times of economic downturn, we demand for anti- cyclical investments in education and growth in order to create the necessary employment and to ensure the social security of all. We demand a new pact: a pact for growth and full employment.

he economy for people involves favouring job creation using tax policies aimed at rewarding organisations that maintain workers, raising redundancy pay, promoting cooperative organisations, investing in research and development. The economy for peoples involves a more democratic economic system, getting rid of unfair social and fiscal dumping, respecting the subsidiarity principle, and redefining the competences of the different levels of government

e need a reform of the banking system, investment - and commercial banks need to be separated and banks need to pay for their own insolvency. The ECB should also focus on controlling unemployment. The Financial Transaction Tax and a fiscal union could help generate capacities to even the trade and balance of payment imbalances in Europe.

he foundation for individuals to make their own choices in the economic sphere is the free market. This must be seen in a context of sustainability and Human Rights. Concerning the economic crisis, closed labour markets in several countries left hundred thousands of jobs vacant and thus many (mainly young) people unemployed. This approach should be changed, in order for economic recovery and growth.

e donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think that growth is created by the state. It is the real economy that generates wealth. This means that states should reduce red-tape. LYMEC opposes bail outs and refuses to engage in debt-based policies. Uncontrolled spending drove us to the crisis; it cannot take us out of it. e stand against more regulations, more spending, more borrowng and more debt that puts Europe in danger. The private sector should be allowed to create jobs in a business friendly environment, small businesses should be relieved of burdens and barriers to business activity, while the state should not reach into the pockets of its citizens to fund excessive and untargeted spending.

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ÂŠ TaxRebate.org.uk

he restoration of the authority of democratically legitimized politics over the dynamics of the globalized financial markets is only possible by enforcing a political, economic and fiscal integration of the EU! This means also that the EU has to be equipped with its own (tax based) budget, which is independent from the moods of the member states and thus lends credibility to the common currency. European bonds are a vital part thereof. 17

Education Luis Alvarado Martínez Former president of AEGEE

ransforming Education systems to shape Europe. The way we behave, the choices we make in life and the ones we do not, the way we interact with others and by which scale of values we decide to live in, are all vital aspects of our everyday life. Our education systems plays an important role not only in creating knowledge on certain topics but especially in fostering our personal development. As it conditions us to interact in a common society,

education has to be carried out with much care. Education is the very key and essential basis of any developed society.”.

A personalized education system according to one’s needs, passions and talents We are not all the same. We are all born and shaped with different potentials, talents and passions

which we must learn to develop to feel fulfilled in our life. In order to do this, our perception of education, and the formal education systems must change. We need to shift from the standard and limiting systems we have now - that leave no space for creativity, innovation or passion development - to a personalized education system according to one’s needs, passions and talents. An education system which will not judge everybody with the same scale and method, and will not foster competition based on empty numbers to classify learners into different categories, subconsciously disseminating values of competition, materialism and individualism, forgetting core values which are so needed to coexist together. We need one which will focus on bringing the very best out of each citizen. At the end of the day, why are we all here if its not to develop the best versions of ourselves help move our societies forward to the next level? Education can be one of the powerful keys to citizens’ empowerment and potential unleash.We the young generation, need the Member States of the European Union to realize the loss of potential our continent has experienced, and keeps experiencing during the ongoing economic and

financial crisis. We need reformed education systems, which are accessible and free of charge for any citizen, giving chances for development to our population. Education systems which recognize our qualifications all over the EU and beyond. Education systems which are harmonized and work together to build strong generations of new European professionals instead of competing against each other.

We need reformed education systems, which are accessible and free of charge for any citizen, giving chances for development to our population. But for this we do not only need political leaders with vision and who are not afraid to take the decisions that must be taken, but we also need teachers, educators, professors and all the education actors to start envisioning a united, harmonized and stronger Europe, starting from the life-transforming pillar of education systems in our country, and even most importantly, believing and working to make it possible. Do not let us down.

18 © Sherman Geronimo-Tan

Education T

he curriculum of member states’ education systems should provide similar levels of diversity and specialisation and should have a common European element and be fully recognised in the rest of the EU. We need to reform of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) to make it more ﬂexible, less restrictive and to guarantee the possibility of switching universities.

ducation must be available to everybody. It is of the greatest importance that education should be free of political or religious influence. The education of an individual is of fundamental importance to him/herself and society.

oung European Socialists fight for comprehensive and integrated schools in the whole of Europe that are essential for equal chances in the education system. We strive for quality education for all, free of charge and free of discrimination. Public, secular, high-quality education, starting from the earliest age, should be guaranteed for

e want to establish European schools and Universities as world leading institutions and the most distinctive centres for teaching and research, by providing diverse forms of teaching and flexible course structures. We believe that apprenticeships and traineeships should form integral parts of curricula of all relevant studies and courses.

e believe in life-wide education and recognise the need for both formal and non-formal education. Furthermore, vocational education and training is a crucial instrument to facilitate the employability of young people. We reject any compulsory religious teaching in public schools and public schools should not be decorated with any religious symbols.

E Improve the quality of education and help the people who need help and continue with the Erasmus program. Peter Sztivinko 20

I want youth to be more informed on European Institutions so that they can be more engaged in actions. Esther Elchinger

FAy believes that education should be dealt with at a stateless nation, regional or sub-state level. All young people have the right to be taught in their national language in a public, secular and a fairly funded schooling system. Despite the importance of teaching sub-state and minority languages in the education system, it is also key to support initiatives that promote languages outside the classroom.

e need to raise awareness about the common “European” elements within different European cultures and promote intercultural understanding. To reach this goal, an educational approach with a more important focus on pan-European ties and heritage needs to be introduced in historical, civic and cultural education subjects. These are key elements regarding the emergence of a genuine European public sphere! 21

‘

My wish for Europe Ruben Loodts Artistic director

Zaida Ruiz Nogueron Photographer

n all phases of MovEurope Forward 2014! interaction with young (and less young) European citizens was key. We noticed a lot of confusion, frustration and anger with the way the EU has been run throughout the years, especially in the years of economic and social crisis. Even more, it became apparent that young people have a clear vision of what kind of Europe they actually want. Young people do have a wish for Europe. During the three weeks on the road those wishes for Europe were ‘pictured’ and collected on the MovEurope Wish Wall, which developed into a real census of what kind of Europe young people actually want. The Wish Wall kicked-off at the MovEurope opening event in Brussels and continued to grow stop after stop, including people’s wishes from all EU Member States and beyond. Through a methodology of colour coding, two patterns emerged: a map of Europe and the logo of the Young European Federalists. Combined, they show the strength of the Europe of the future, carried for and by young people! 22

23 © Petr Kozlík, petrkozlik.com

Migration Costanza Hermanin Senior Policy Analyst - Open Society Foundations Migration is at the core of the political debate in Europe and continues to create tension between political parties and society in general. Efforts have been made to address migration and asylum issues in a coherent way at EU level. But is it enough? Is building a wall around Europe a solution to today’s migration problems, or do we opt for visa-free travel for all? Should minority rights be guaranteed for everyone entering the EU? How do we stop human trafficking?

Migration is not only at the core of the political debate in Europe, it is at the core of its history. Migration is not only at the core of the political debate in Europe, it is at the core of its history. In the early times of the European Communities, migration meant Italians looking for employment in Belgium, France and Germany. Or Greek, Spanish, and Portuguese dissidents seeking asylum in the Netherlands. Until the 1980s, most Europeans emigrated and immigration was a phenomenon that only a few excolonial powers knew. In 2014, Europe seems to have forgotten this recent past and the human dimension of migration. 26

Migration is called “illegal”, a phenomenon to be “fought against”. Quite to the contrary, migration is life. It is not only our past, it is our future. According to Eurostat, by 2050 the European Union will have lost 50 million residents without migration. Thus, the question “how many migrants does Europe need?” is easily answered: many. We already need migrants - and possibly new citizens - to pay our pensions and extended social security schemes. “Which migrants shall we choose?” : this question is more difficult to answer. Do we have a right to choose our migrants? Yes, according to the principle that every nation state has the control of its borders. No, if we stand by the principle of equality proclaimed by our European constitutions, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. If every man is equal, why should the member states of the EU be entitled to mainly privilege highly skilled migrants over others? These basic, philosophical, or normative questions are not even asked anymore. But young people may want a Europe different from the one known as “Fortress Europe”. What can we do with too much migration, then? First of all, acknowledge that the black market of low skilled, seasonal

A new approach is possible. Hopefully it is not too far away

that help states sending economic migrants. Migration is an international phenomenon, why is it Interior ministers who deal with it. A new approach is possible. Hopefully it is not too far away.

Second, understand that the Common European Asylum System is not enough. A European Union based on fundamental rights and principles needs to address forced migration by means of foreign and trade policy, “fighting” not the illegal migrants, but the oppressive regime that force them away. Last, invest more on development aid and trade policies 27

The EU should focus on migration policies that support countries on the borders of the EU (ie. Turkey, Ukraine) for an appropriate migration management Helena

A more respectful Europe for human rights of immigrants arriving by sea: a common immigration policy and border protection. Maria

Migration

igration is a cornerstone in the modern day society. An important value is the free market economy, which allows for international labor migration. Also, IFLRY sees the value of migration in bringing cultural diversity and exchange of ideas. IFLRY’s ideal is a visa free world and believe that governments should work towards achieving this.

oung European Socialists strongly opposes the current ‘European’ approach based on fear, mistrust and security. We do not believe in “Fortress Europe” or that we would be better off with closing the boarders. We advocate for a common, coherent rights-based EU migration and asylum policy that promotes integration, and a more fair and balanced policy response.

igration is not a crime, but freedom of movement is a human right. Therefore we want to stop all deportation and dissolve detention centres. We need a fair asylum system in Europe. Asylum seekers should be free and able to choose the country in which they want to apply for asylum, therefore the current Dublin II regulations are not suitable for Europe e are against a “Fortress Europe”. Besides being economically beneficial, migration is a historical and natural phenomenon, and it is also a constituting character of European culture. Globalisation must be global: economic, political, and civic. We therefore want to see a harmonized common and free immigration. A liberal right to asylum system without any economic considerations accompanies it.

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e support a common migration policy which reflects on the needs of our labour market, to develop Europe’s competitiveness. As a land of freedom, Europe should support the right of asylum for people fleeing their country of origin for fear of persecution and show solidarity to people in need.

e believe that Europe should be a continent that welcomes and supports the world’s most vulnerable people, and should be considered a home, not a fortress. While supporting the principle of free movement within its borders, we condemn the fact that many young people in seriously crisis-striken countries must migrate in search of employment opportunities.

igration is not a problem but a fundamental resource for Europe. Migration is a European issue, not just a national one. Migrants that want to enter the EU enter it via the countries at the borders of the European Union, where this often creates many tensions and burdens for those countries. We need a European Immigration Policy to share the costs and benefits of migration in a better way in the European Union!

Youth Unemployment I Antoine Borg Micallef Project Manager and Researcher ThinkYoung

ntrepreneurship: the unemployment solution hidden in plain sight” The European Union is still reeling from one of the worst economic recessions to hit the area since its inception over 60 years ago. Decreased economic output in the majority of member states since the recession started in 2007 has been compounded by soaring unemployment rates, with the youth of Europe being hit the hardest.

The ‘Scarred Generation’, a group of young people permanently marked by the state of joblessness Despite youth unemployment rising to as high as 58.3% and 55.5% in Greece and Spain respectively in 2013 , employment figures seem to be finally receding and things appear to be taking a turn for the better. However, policy makers are being all too cautious, and progress is coming at a rate that is too slow to prevent budding teenagers from becoming part of the ‘Scarred Generation’, a group of young people permanently marked by the state of joblessness. 30

The reality is that there has been no real breakthrough in reducing youth unemployment over the last 25 years, despite higher educational achievements. However, the 2007 recession and subsequent disproportionate rise in youth unemployment made policy makers more sensitive to the plight to European youths. In February 2013, the European Council announced the Youth Employment Initiative, a €6 billion budget for the 2014–20 period, an initiative that had already been initiated by the Council in March of 2005 but never came to fruition until recently . This initiative will focus on the worst afflicted member states where unemployment rates exceed an alarming 25%, and will supposedly be particularly helpful to young European NEETs (Not in Education, Employment or Training), through the provision of training and experience that will make such individuals more employable. Such measures are welcomed and of significant importance, but policy makers are being too clinical in their approach, and not giving enough consideration to what young people in Europe are saying. Despite the fact that young Europeans are being equipped with the necessary qualifications and

skills, job opportunities are often too sparse or highly competitive. With unemployment amongst adults also being high, young people can easily become marginalised and discriminated on the basis of perceived lack of experience. This is where entrepreneurship comes; a concept that ensures young people establish themselves as self-sufficient and sustainable members of the European job market. If more young Europeans embark on the journey to become young entrepreneurs, they would be contributing to the reduction of youth unemployment both directly and indirectly through the creation of SMEs. SMEs account for 99.8% of all non-financial enterprises in the EU, and provide 67.4% of non-financial private sector jobs . As such, young entrepreneurs can actively reintegrate themselves into the labour market, create employment opportunities for other young people and boost the economies in their respective countries However, the concept of entrepreneurship is not widely advocated to young Europeans. Education systems still tend to focus on traditional teaching regimes, with few institutions promoting entrepreneurships amongst their students. Furthermore, there is a high level of social stigma associated with failure in Europe, inhibiting budding entrepreneurs from even trying . This nonchalant attitude towards young entrepreneurs is further accentuated by economic and

regulatory bureaucracy that makes it difficult for young people to become entrepreneurs and start their own companies. This objective reality seems to be have been experienced personally by members of the public, as reflected by a 2013 online poll showing how 93% of Greeks and 96% of Italians feel that their governments make it difficult for them to start a business, potentially discouraging entrepreneurship .

Young entrepreneurs can actively reintegrate themselves into the labour market, create employment opportunities for other young people and boost the economies in their respective countries This is where policy makers can make a positive difference towards the fight against youth unemployment. A European framework promoting entrepreneurship should be established alongside the current measures to provide further skills and qualifications. In addition, there needs to be a reduction in bureaucratic red tape, to promote new businesses and companies by young entrepreneurs, which ultimately fuel the necessary job creations needed by young people across all of Europe.

Youth Unemployment II Ignacio Doreste ETUC Youth Officer

he EU has the potential to combat the crisis. There is an urgent need to take a new direction, to stabilise the economic situation and create quality jobs in a social Europe. It should be recognised that youth unemployment has been high on the European and national political agendas, with the Youth Guarantee its conspicuous outcome. However, unless the EU and European governments invest in a sustainable growth which may boost domestic demand rather than limit their actions to cuts in public spending, any isolated employment measure will fail. Some ideas for growth can be taken from past EU and EIB priorities. These include: energy

transformation, transport network and infrastructure, education and training, expansion of broadband networks, industrial future, public and private services (e.g. urban renewal, health and welfare), infrastructure and housing for old people, social housing and promoting sustainable water management, among other directions for investment.

ETUC proposes “A new path for Europe”, an investment target of 2% of EU GDP annually over a ten-year period

For many years the European Trade Union Confederation has been calling for an investment plan in Europe. In November 2013, the ETUC Executive Committee launched the campaign “A new path for Europe”, proposing an investment target of 2% of EU GDP annually over a ten-year period. This will boost our economies and give Europe a new start based on sustainable growth. Such investment would help build a strong industrial base, good public services, properly functioning state systems, inclusive welfare systems, and innovative research and educational institutions.

The austerity policies imposed by national governments during the last five years have failed and unemployment and precariousness are the major EU problems The result of the May 2014 European elections demonstrates the growing distance between workers and citizens with the EU institutions and their leaders. Despite the worrying increase of eurosceptic and far right MEPS, we should focus on the message delivered by the voters: the austerity policies imposed by national governments during the last five years have failed and unemployment and precariousness are the major EU problems. Currently, European leaders seem to be coming round to the view that public and private investment is needed to generate jobs and growth

and to stimulate private investment. At the time of publication of “The Europe young people want”, JeanClaude Juncker’s promises to change the austerity policies towards an “agenda for jobs, growth, fairness and democratic change”, still echo in our heads. His commitment includes up to €300 billion in additional public and private investment in the real economy over the next three years. At this respect, Draghi’s call for more growth friendly policies should be also taken into consideration. However, taking into consideration Juncker´s previous role as chairman of the Eurozone Group and Draghi´s reformism agenda leading the European Central Bank it is obvious that their words should be called into question, yet some hints of regret are noticeable.

European leaders seem to be coming round to the view that public and private investment is needed to generate jobs and growth The European trade union movement, as well as civil society, have a crucial role to play in tackling the crisis, defending the European social model and restoring confidence in democracy. Throughout our action at company level and our activism in our streets and communities, we should apply pressure to European leaders to follow through with their promises.

Beuraucracy needs to be reduced in order to make it easier to start new businesses. This way entrepreneurship can be one of the solutions to reduce youth unemployment. Henrik Nygaard Reward businesses that creates more entry-level jobs. This can be done through tax reduction or other concessions. Peter

We need a single contract for workers so that we can ensure a proper mobility between Member States in order to overcome the problem of unemployment. Iliria Porta

I want the EU to be more youth oriented and to have more measures for youth unemployment. Kaya Deklova 34

Youth Unemployment W

e demand the implementation of a binding European youth guarantee. The guarantee must ensure that every young person under 25 and recent graduate under 30 will receive a job, further training or education within 3 months of becoming unemployed or graduating.

he YEPP Jobs Plan is based on 3 steps: Tax incentives for job creators, skill-based education and zero bureaucracy for entrepreneurs. Implementing these 3 steps strategically and with a country-specific approach will create millions of jobs for young people around Europe.

outh unemployment is not going to be tackled with subsidies, special measures or incentives. It is only reducible through fair laws that put everyone on the same footing, and through an educational system that gives the basic tools for people to pursue their careers – or change careers: having the same job for 40 years is something of the past.

FLRY believes we must look to solutions within the private sector and foster entrepreneurship. It must be a goal to enhance individuals to take responsibility of their own life. Youth unemployment shouldn’t be seen as an age-specific issue, but more a problem to all social systems and a keystone for the future economic potential and competiveness.

FAy urges the EU to increase the Erasmus+ funding programme and the Youth Employment initiative, and encourage the ability for youth to find education, training or a job in their home regions.

e can not afford to not give a whole generation in Europe a perspective. Therefore we need to stop austerity measures now. We need to invest in the youth by implementing a youth guarantee in every country. We need to invest in apprenticeships for the youth and provide young people with the possibilities to start their own projects, be it companies, be it co-operatives, be it cultural or social projects.

oung people are confronted with national political systems that are simply not equipped to help them get out of their precarious employment situation. First of all we need to widen vocational training schemes, non-formal learning and entrepreneurial trainings by implementing them in cooperation with businesses, trade unions, universities, and specialized institutions. Finally, these measures won’t be effective on the European level if we don’t strengthen mobility of young people across Europe.

Populism and Extremism Laszlo Foldi No Hate Speech Movement

“I

am not homophobe but...”; “Who defends the rights of the majority..?”; “Why cannot they accept our rules and culture?”, “They should learn to live our way!”, “This is our country and we must protect it”…and the list of such expressions could go on and on.

Hate speech is clearly one of the symptoms of extremism and populism Hate speech is clearly one of the symptoms of extremism and populism. Politicians and the public © Norwegian Embassy in Warsaw

have rediscovered people’s need for enemies, their need for hatred, their need for scapegoats and their need for blaming others for their own failures. We experience an unfortunate but in fact logical consequence of increase of hate speech in all European communities. It has economic, social, cultural as well as political reasons. The No Hate Speech Movement was a reaction by European youth organisations who initiated the campaign in the consultative structures of the Council of Europe in 2012. The campaign has been running since March 2013. Based on the experience

of several online and offline actions in local, national and European contexts we can observe the following:

Counter arguments do not work, as the basic intrinsic values are totally different

We cannot fight hate speech by confronting those who pronounce it. Counter arguments do not work, as the basic intrinsic values are totally different. Extremist and populist ideas deny or undermine human rights so any argument based on human rights is neglected, twisted or misinterpreted. The most successful approach seemed to be the creation of a loose network of people who are ready and able to multiply values connected to human rights, democracy and the rule of law. By this the Movement strengthens solidarity and cooperation among those devoted people who are motivated to spread the principles of human dignity and respect among their own communities and networks. Through online and offline actions the Movement has provided a lot of content, arguments and tools that support the understanding of human rights, democracy and the rule of law; thus it contributes to a stronger opposition to extremism and hatred within society. The Movement values and highly appreciates those individuals who are ready to speak up, even if only once. The Movement is also strengthening organisations and independent projects that aim at disseminating information and knowledge about the importance of the fight against hate speech.

The Movement created a coalition among several member states of the Council of Europe who launched their own national campaigns and actions to raise awareness about hate speech in their society. Thus several governments recognised the problem and the dangerous consequences of ignoring it and they became involved in the Movement by creating national campaign committees and taking actions.

No matter who is being targeted by hate speech, the Movement is keeping a mirror to us all and shows alternative ways of cohabitation and communication. The Movement has also drawn the attention of European and national politicians to the phenomenon of hate speech and it has prompted some of these politicians take a stand and speak up for human rights in different fields of social, cultural and political situations. This process has just started, the Movement is becoming a tool of mainstreaming the issue and keeping this in front of politicians, public figures and citizens. No matter what group of people is being targeted by hate speech, the Movement is keeping a mirror to us all and shows alternative ways of cohabitation and communication. The Movement can only work if people make it work. 37

Populism and Extremism W

e must stand together against politicians and media cultivating hate and distrust between the citizens of Europe on the basis of extreme populism and hate, coming from all sides of the political spectrum. We are particularly worried over the significant rise in electoral percentages of radical extremist parties which resort to the use of violence and racist attacks.

global civil society composed of freely associating individuals who are dedicated to human rights and individual freedom is the most powerful tool in overcoming the forces of coercion, fundamentalism and totalitarianism. As liberals, we therefore stress the importance of international cooperation to promote and secure the universality of human rights, which extends across borders and continents.

T I would like a unified and proud Europe around its cultures and which clearly refuses right-wings extremist! S.B HĂŠnin-Beaumont

I found the will to strive for real democracy again, throwing nationalists and hate out of the picture! Evangelos Astyrakakis

he rise of Right-Wing Populism and extremism is a threat to Europe and the peaceful project. On the other hand, it is a wake-up call for politicians and institutions to better communicate Europe and be more transparent in the procedures. We need to establish a more democratic Europe in order to have greater participation of the citizens and greater legitimacy of the policy of the Union.

urope has a history of extremism we must remember in order to avoid it. Cheap, easy answers that blame migrants, other nationalities or minorities for the current difficulties only harm Europe and Europeans. Instead we need more solidarity and understanding to overcome the crisis as well as to ensure the prosperity and wealth for the generations to come. Racism, xenophobia, or any other form of discrimination should be recognized and condemned.

or us, the only way we can fight this is: to say without hesitations, that free movement (of persons, goods, capital and services) is a beneficial reality of our times; to reject populist discourses on democracy, reaffirming the primacy of individual rights over the collective will

FAy is wary of the rise of populism and extremism. EFAy always advocates full respect for human rights and stresses that on the basis of human equality these rights should be respected by all parties at all times. Along with the right to self-determination comes the right to culture and education

ow that extremism is rising once more, we must remember that Europe is not the problem, but the incomplete solution that we should carry through by making the EU more democratic and progress towards a federal Union. We need to continue to address the rise of Eurosceptic parties by employing factual arguments and focusing on the content of concrete policy proposals.

ÂŠâ&#x20AC;&#x153;Democracia real YA Madridâ&#x20AC;? by Olmo Calvo

Social Rights

he current economic and social crisis may exacerbate inequality and poverty levels. Inequality is multidimensional and systemic in nature. Furthermore, inequality has increased in most western countries and certain studies have drawn attention to the consequences of the increasing social and economic polarisation in Europe and the United States in the last three decades.

The notion of having a lifetime career in a certain company or organisation has been almost completely lost These risks include a progressive rise in unemployment, growth in precarious work, which mainly but not exclusively affects the young population and 40

a reduction in disposable income and purchasing power and in some protection mechanisms due to the crisis. The changes that led to globalisation and the deregulation and interpenetration of markets resulted in a significant change to how companies operate, making workers more vulnerable to the effects of internal and external competition and, therefore, subject to continuous adjustments. Another de-structuring factor in the labour market concerns job insecurity and contractual instability. The length of contracts has shortened considerably, to such an extent that the notion of having a lifetime career in a certain company or organisation has been almost completely lost. Between 2008 and 2012 the number of unemployed young people increased by more than 2 million in advanced economies. The unemployment rate

in Europe is becoming considerable asymmetrical between southern and northern countries. This is particularly evident regarding youth unemployment rates that goes beyond 50% in countries such as Spain or Greece; on the opposite side, countries like Austria, Germany, Netherlands or Norway the rates are below 12%. On the other hand the proportion of young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) is increasing. Youth labour markets are increasingly composed by contradictory situations where over-skilled occupations coexist with under-skilled ones. In some European countries, like Spain, Portugal and Greece, a substantial part of the unemployed and precarious young workers do not benefit from all of the social protection systems provided by the welfare state. This situation is not only contributing to the generalization of different forms of social and labour insecurity as it is causing a distrust in the economic and political systems and organizations. The growing job insecurity of this generation has obvious consequences on their life course. The unpredictability to which they are daily subjected as a result of the type of insecure employment they are able to find and the relatively low wages they are paid does not in many cases allow them to achieve the various status passages of transition to adulthood, such as leaving home, marriage, parenthood and entry into the labour market. Their passage through the lifecourse is no longer linear, but may be reversible, blended, synchronic or deferred. In face of this general insecurity it is increasingly

difficult to define time future perspectives based on choices and on clear and well defined options such as individual or collective expectations, investments and strategies.

The goals of Europe2020 run the risk of not being completely fulfilled Where public policies are concerned, the European Commission has introduced the growth strategy; Europe2020, which sets goals of reducing social exclusion and increasing the employed population. Given the above mentioned trends, these goals run the risk of not being completely fulfilled. It is therefore important to reconcile the analysis of social processes with an accurate assessment of public policies affecting young vulnerable populations. It is necessary to evaluate redistribution policies and the effectiveness of welfare state social systems falling within idea of equality-based social justice. It is also important to point to the design of mixed public policies that foster individual and collective capacities, the formation of social capital, and increase the levels of mutual trust between the public and private institutions and the social players.

Renato Miguel do Carmo Inequality observatory, Portugal 41

Social Rights I want to live in a Europe that cares for social rights of every European citizen. Anrica

e believe in a community of values, based on the principles of freedom, responsibility, justice, security and solidarity. Political decisions should be taken as closely to the citizens as possible and every effort should be made to fight poverty and social exclusion. At the core of this, the state should not get in the way of individual liberty or political freedoms.

I A Europe more social, more democratic and with much more citizen participation. Also a Europe with fewer social and economic differences. Sergi Rubio

ntergenerational justice is of utmost importance for us. This means that present generations are not entitled to destroy the welfare state to their own benefit, leaving a crushing debt to be paid by young people and future generations. In that sense, retirement age should, in the light of our current demographics, be raised.

veryone should have equal access to public services. EFAy believes that citizens ought to be able to get all services necessary for their health and well-being in their own language when residing in the region or nation where this language originated.

FLRY advocates for a realistic approach to the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;rights regimeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. International recognized Human Rights must be achievable for governments to fulfill and some Social Rights may not be so. While fundamental Human Rights are to advocated at all times, some Social Rights can have a more contextual political character, which can be better advocated for at a national level.

e need common social standards to stop the competition for the lowest social standards. A European Maximum wage, and a European Basic Income are our long-term goals. In order to really ensure that migration in Europe is free, social rights, like pensions and care provisions need to be transationally transferable. We want the social economy with flourishing co-operatives and social entreprises.

ocial rights need to be set and guaranteed at the European level to assure equality between the European citizens. The European social model has to ensure that each and every person in Europe has a decent life, welfare and protection against risks. No one in Europe should live in poverty or be excluded from society. We demand a secured wage level above the poverty line, either through collective bargaining or a statutory minimum wage.

he reduction of social disparities between the EU Member States is vital to develop a more socially fair Europe and a stable monetary union. EU institutions should support Member States in their efforts to provide social protection, and common minimal standards should be set at the EU-level to avoid social dumping, competition and European social convergence at the lowest common denominator.

Media Freedom Milena Stosic European Youth Press

oney makes the world go round. While every journalism student has been taught about the necessity of media freedom in societies as means to foster democracy and promote a healthy public sphere, once they enter into the profession, many face a reality that may be miles away from the textbook ideals. This is not only the case outside the EU28, although Western media is usually perceived as being ‘more free’, at least according to various indexes that measures press freedom. At the end of the day, we end up with a conclusion in the form of a question that is leaving everyone to answer from their own personal circumstances – if media freedom and independence is utopian, but still worth pursuing, to which level am I ready to jeopardize my own sustenance and security?

This legitimate question leads us to further societal concern – how does one motivate youngsters to choose this educational path and how does one ensure that they maintain their devotion and integrity even after leaving the ideals of the classroom and entering the reality that is journalism today?

It is essential that the media have financial independence The answer may seem simple and close to common sense. If ‘money makes world go round’, then it is essential that the media have financial independence first together with a healthy political environment, meaning that rule of law is in place.

A journalist who is not free to pursue their profession without restrictions and censorship and who is not legally protected, will not have the strength to pursue media freedom in the long run However, while there are media laws in place in most countries to protect the media and ensure media freedom, they are often not followed and journalists are a target of censorship, both from the state and from corporations. A solution to this dilemma is for the laws and regulations to truly work for the independence of the media. The media laws would serve from being drafted in transparent processes and be tested in public debates before being finalised in a version that does not only satisfy the principles of democracy, but one that also serves in best interest of the free and independent media. Trade Unions must be allowed to exist and the labour rights of media professionals must be in place. In addition, media ownership must be open and accessible for public scrutiny and privately owned media companies should be open with their funding sources. This list is not definite or written in stone, but merely suggestions to how the freedom of

the media can be ensured. One thing is certain – a journalist who is not free to pursue their profession without restrictions and censorship and who is not legally protected, will not have the strength to pursue media freedom in the long run. Media objectivity is a long-debated issue, mainly due to the unintentional personal interpretations and influence of the individual journalists, and financial obstacles that hinder the media from acting independently are not helping this already infected debate. So, it seems that media freedom and independence is conditioned with financial independence to great extend. This independence might be reached by implementing media regulations and policies, made in a participatory transparent process with media makers, their associations and trade unions.

The online world can offer alternatives to traditional media Meanwhile and parallel to it, citizens pressure movements and the online world can offer alternatives to traditional media, driven by enthusiasm and with a touch of entrepreneurial spirit - for the sake of sustainability of the media and for the good of the public sphere.

Media Freedom F

reedom of the press is a highly valued right in modern society. EFAy calls for cooperation between EU Members States to ensure that people speaking the same language are able to receive the same broadcasts. EFAy also calls for the relaxation of European laws on broadcasting on the internet.

emocracy needs free and active media to work. This is an absolute necessity in the 21th century, when politics and society is getting ever more complex and causalities are more and more difficult to see. We need freedom of media regardless of what form it takes. The EU should also be in the forefront of defending the media freedom elsewhere in the world

e demand a complete transparency of ownership and control of media and the communications and media distribution businesses We oppose any criminalization of information activists, journalists or whistleblowers. The Internet can lead towards more transparency and new forms of media emerge like open data or citizen journalism.

reedom and availability of information should be respected, as it forms the bridge between citizens and the state. At the same time, media should be discouraged from creating and promoting hate between citizens.

society is not democratic without true media freedom. Media is important in order for citizens to take informed decisions in a democratic society. Transparency of the funding of media should be enforced in all countries.

he internet and social media continue to affirm themselves as new spaces of freedom, both for political participation and information, there are pressing issues related to the respect of privacy, cybersecurity or open access to the internet. For these reasons, LYMEC supports net neutrality, strongly opposes filters and content-blocking, and pleads for a European cybersecurity strategy.

e should speak up for a tolerant Europe in which everyone has the liberty to express their views in a mutual respect for everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opinions. There is an alarming trend in Europe of dubious media laws and concentration of media ownership. We must contribute to the fight for media freedom in Europe, making sure the EU enforces media freedom regulations where these freedoms are being threatened. 47

46 ÂŠ Fernando Weno

This Project has been funded with support from the Youth in Action programme of the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 48