Surgical Anatomy

[Transcriber's Notes] Thanks to Carol Presher of Timeless Antiques, Valley, Alabama, for lending the original book for this production. The 140 year old binding had disintegrated, but the paper and printing was in amazingly good condition, particularly the multicolor images.

Thanks also to the Mayo Clinic. This book has increased my appreciation of their skilled care of my case by showing the many ways that things could go wrong.

Footnotes are indicated by "[Footnote]" where they appear in the text. The body of the footnote appears immediately following the complete paragraph. If more than one footnote appears in the same paragraph, they are numbered.

A few obvious misspellings have been corrected. Several cases of alternate spelling of the same(?) word have not been modified.

Pages have been reorganized to avoid splitting sentences and paragraphs. Each image is inserted immediately following its description.

Some of the plates did not fit on the scanner and were captured as two separate images. The merged images show some artifacts of the merge process due to slightly different lighting of the page. The contrast and gamma values have been adjusted to restore the images.

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Here are the definitions of some words used in the text. Medical terms are defined only relating to humans. Words are omitted that have ambiguous or technical meanings not expressible in lay language. acromial (acromion) Outward end of the spine of the scapula or shoulder blade. adipose Consisting of, resembling, or relating to fat. anasarca Pronounced, generalized edema; accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and cavities of the body. anastomosing (anastomoses, anastomosis) Communication between blood vessels by means of collateral channels, when usual routes are obstructed. Opening between two organs or spaces that normally are not connected. aneurism Localized blood-filled dilatation of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel's wall. anthropotomist (anthropotomy) One versed in human anatomy. aorta (aortic) Main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs. apices (plural of apex) Pointed end of an object; the tip. aponeurosis Sheet-like fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone.