Northern Neitherland: Mapping Controversies in the Lake District by J.D.Crawford

NORTHERN NEITHERLAND MAPPING CONTROVERSIES IN THE LAKE DISTRICT

Northern Neitherland EDITED BY LEONARD CHIPAWA AND JASON CRAWFORD

First Published: December 2019. Publication of Northern Neitherland. 15 Chlorine Gardens, Architecture School Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland. Material Copyright of Studio 1: Hope Brown Leonard Chipawa Chris Connolly Jason Crawford Karolina Dimitrova Apurva Lengade Darren Lynass Vallia Perdikaki James McMonagle Philip Richardson Riane Samir Jessica Scott Aaron Vinaccia

Dr. Sean Cullen Professor. Greg Keeffe

Content edited by Jason Crawford Front and back covers and site location map by Leonard Chipawa Printed by McGowans, 17 Heron Rd, Belfast, BT3 9LE

Northern Neitherland, was a project activated between September 2019 to May 2020 by Studio 01 at Queen’s University Belfast which explored the future of hyper low-density urbanism and the productive and consumptive territories of the Lake District and Cumbria, England. We as a studio would like to express our sincere gratitude to Northern Neitherland co-ordinators Professor Greg Keeffe and Dr. Sean Cullen for their continuous support and invaluable guidance throughout this research. Their enthusiasm and encouragement have strengthened the studio’s approach and perspective on the built environment. The studio would also like to thank Professor Tom Jefferies from Manchester School of Architecture and Professor Gary Boyd of Queen’s University Belfast for their external input throughout the year, as well as the many other students, academics, practitioners and members of the public who contributed to the studio’s overall approach.

KEY MAP

07 01

11 13 04 03

LAKE DISTRICT SITE LOCATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Ambleside Bowness On Windemere Coniston Coniston Coppermines Dalton In Furness Flookburgh Grasmere Grizedale Kendal Newby Bridge Sellafield Staveley Tilberthwaite Ulverston

14 06 05

10km

05 DALTON IN FURNESS

11 SELLAFIELD

32 34 36

68 70

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND DARREN LYNASS - EUCALYPTUS PULP AND WOODLAND COVER JESSICA SCOTT - ECONOMIC SPHEREâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S AND INTER-REGIONAL

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND JAMES MCMONAGLE - THE REALITY OF A KILLER COAST

COMMUTER FLOWS

05 06 08

INTRODUCTION

06 FLOOKBURGH

12 STAVELEY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AREAS OF STUDY STUDIO INTRODUCTION

38 40 42

72 74 76

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND HOPE BROWN - AREAS OF INTEREST FOR TOURISM... APURVA LENGADE - DENSITY OF SHEEP GRAZING VS BUILT ENVIRONMENT

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND JASON CRAWFORD - (DIS)PLACING PERMANENCE PHILIP RICHARDSON - IDENTIFYING LAND-USE IN STAVELEY

01 AMBLESIDE

07 GRASMERE

13 TILBERTHWAITE

10 12 14

44 46 48

78 80

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND KAROLINA DIMITROVA - COLLAPSE OF INDUSTRIAL SYNERGIES... RIANE SAMIR - THE REALITY OF MOBILITY IN AMBLESIDE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND JASON CRAWFORD - TORRENTIAL TOPOGRAPHY DARREN LYNASS - WORDSWORTHIAN TOURISM

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND RIANE SAMIR - THE METALANGUAGE OF TILBERTHWAITE

02 BOWNESS ON WINDERMERE

08 GRIZEDALE

14 ULVERSTON

16 18

50 52 54

82 84 86

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND LEONARD CHIPAWA - CARTOGRAPHY OF FAST TOURISM IN BOWNESS ON WINDERMERE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHRIS CONNOLLY - ENVIRONMENTAL VS ECONOMIC POTENTIAL... PHILIP RICHARDSON - IDENTIFYING LAND-USE IN GRIZEDALE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND APURVA LENGADE - CARBON AND METHANE EMISSION ZONES AARON VINACCIA - HISTORICAL INDUSTRIES ACROSS THE LAKE DISTRICT

03 CONISTON

09 KENDAL

15 AUTHORSHIP

20 22 24

56 58 60

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND HOPE BROWN - HEALTHCARE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACILITIES ... VALLIA PERDIKAKI - IMMIGRATION AND EXTINCTION OF SPECIFIC

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND KAROLINA DIMITROVA - THE SINKING GATEWAY TO CUMBRIA JAMES MCMONAGLE - THE PARDOX OF KENDAL TOWN

PERSONAL TRAJECTORY

SPECIES DUE TO THE CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND DEFORESTATION

04 CONISTON COPPERMINES

10 NEWBY BRIDGE

16 REFERENCES

26 28 30

62 64 66

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND LEONARD CHIPAWA - POST-MINING WASTELAND OF CONISTON CHRIS CONNOLLY - SPOILS TO SPOILT - THE EXTENT OF A POLLUTED LANDSCAPE AT CONISTON COPPERMINES

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND VALLIA PERDIKAKI - IMMIGRATION OF ANIMAL SPECIES... JESSICA SCOTT - A DYNAMIC FLOODING SYSTEM & CONNECTIVE NODE

REFERENCES

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. A Fast and Hyper Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places and People. A Exploited Money Pot. Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Use and Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A Senstive and delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News a nd I n for mat ion. The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape. A Linear Fabric which is Fraying. A Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of

NORTHERN NEITHERLAND

The atelier is an experimental consortium of M.Arch students who operate at the intersection of climate change, architecture, landscape and urbanism. Northern Neitherland is committed to an architecture that questions and respond to the challenges of the 21st Century and the subsequent new typologies made possible by an architecture that brazenly confronts our climate-changing World today. Using design as a research vehicle to pose and respond to the controversies and complexities of globalisation, this studio seeks to ask a new set of alternative questions to pressing contemporary conditions across the built environment. The controversies that this studio addresses have been side-lined in architectural discourse for too long. Northern Neitherland is devoted to uncovering new synergetic conditions that subvert and reimagine the future of architectural design, practice and a climate-changing World.

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density of Production and Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Landscape, Linear Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

AMBLESIDE

Historically, over the last 400 years, Ambleside has been a self-sufficient town. Due to the hyper-low density of the surrounding context, self-sufficiency was the only option. While the nature of the terrain within the Lake District made mobility a serious issue, it created an opportunity for this small town to grow. Situated on a main arterial route, Ambleside’s position was recognised as an ideal resting place when trading between Kendal and Cockermouth. This fostered both its market function and placed it on the map as a tourist route in the late 18th century. Over the decades Ambleside was able to adapt and generate a range of economic drivers – wool and cloth production, woodland coppicing and bobbin manufacturing. As one industry flourished and then declined, another appeared. This cycle continued until the end of the Industrial Revolution. The birth of the English Romanticism in literature and then the coming of the railway to Windermere provided a chance for Ambleside to develop an important tourist trade. Today Ambleside’s solo economic revenue comes from tourism. However, the pressure of this industry has become both the lifeblood of the town and the cause of all types of complexities in the community.

KAROLINA DIMITROVA RIANE SAMIR

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Picturesque Landscape with a Short-Circuited Economy, entirely Dependent on International Trade and Globalisation

Ambleside was once an urban agglomeration that flourished as agricultural and extractive activities in the area created room for commerce. Increase in trade demanded development and expansion to facilitate the growth of the town. The production and manufacturing of goods attracted those from the surrounding hinterlands and further afield with the prospect of jobs and opportunities. Natural shifts in industries managed to sustain the economic stability of the town. For a long while, Ambleside played an important role in the multi-industrial chain of networks as part of the Lake District. However, the fluxes in labour, the strain on natural resources, the birth of globalisation and offshoring all gradually unbalanced this self-reinforcing system. The unfortunate decline in trade and the changes brought about by the influence William Wordsworth’s work had on British tourism were the start of Ambleside as a “monotown”. It completely lost the economic self-sufficiency it once had and has become a settlement over-dependent on tourism. It is a place that no longer has a locally productive landscape and is entirely at the mercy of global trends.

KAROLINA DIMITROVA M.ARCH 2

Collapse of Industrial Synergies and the Invasion of Globalism

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible

Situated on the main arterial route Ambleside has the single most congested road in the lake district flowing directly through it, the A591. Studies have shown that this road can reach an annual average daily flow of up to 28,000 cars, with the 1 mile stretch through Ambleside reaching over 16,000. This volume of traffic has caused and is continuing to cause all sorts of problems for not only Ambleside but the lake district as a whole. Due to the fact that tourism is the only form of economy that survives in Ambleside, the constant influx of people is good and is the only reason Ambleside can still somewhat function. This has however resulted in socio-cultural complexities within the community. As well as the social impacts, physical impacts are also an issue. Air pollution is an inevitable consequence, with this road alone producing 531 metric tons of CO2 per day. The average speed of travel over the 47 mile stretch of the A591 is 21mph, making a 45minute journey a 2-hour journey, which is frustrating for both tourist and locals. The future of mobility within the lake district isn’t set to change. It is projected to get significantly worse. The lake district national park authority has estimated that 83% of the 20million visitors in 2018 travelled by car. They also predict an increase in tourism of 5% each year, raising the number of visitors per year from 20million to 47million in 2045. They aim to reduce car usage to 64% by this stage. If these targets are met, there will still be an 81% increase in the volume of traffic on this road. With very limited ‘better’ options for mobility, cars will continue to dominate the landscape until something is done about it.

RIANE SAMIR M.ARCH 2

1 Mile

7,989

7,952

8,157

6,424

8,178

6,296

Primary Roads

8,657

The Reality of Mobility in Ambleside

Secondary Roads

1 - Galava Roman Fort

Minor Roads

2 - Hayes Garden World

Attractions

3 - Stock Ghyll Force

Car Parks

4 - Bridge House

Impermeable Grounds 5 - Armitt Museum

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. Resilient Network. A Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counterbetween Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between a nd I n for mat ion. Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counterbetween Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape. A Linear Fabric which is Fraying. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

BOWNESS ON WINDERMERE

The landscape surrounding Bowness on Windermere has attracted and inspired writers, artists, scientist, political commentators and tourists for 250 years. It continues to be seen as a spiritual heartland for many visitors from the United Kingdom and further afield. Much of the town we see today dates from the Victorian and Edwardian eras. The town saw rapid expansion in the Victorian era, with the advent of the railways, the establishment of which was staunchly opposed by the poet and environmentalist William Wordsworth. He was concerned that the influx of visitors would spoil the natural appeal of Lake Windermere which the town overlooks. The railway opened the Lakelands up to all and the centuries-old seclusion of the area rapidly came to an end. During the 19th century, Bowness grew from a small fishing village to a town living almost entirely off tourism and holiday homes. It was the centre of the boat-building industry that provided rowing boats, sailing yachts and steam launches still seen on the lake today. For many tourists, a holiday to the Lake District means a visit to the twin towns of Windermere and Bowness, a tour of the shops and a boat trip on the lake.

LEONARD CHIPAWA AARON VINACCIA

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Fast-Paced, Artificial and Manmade Landscape

In the year 2017, the Lake District National Park was listed as a world heritage site with the announcement made on Twitter by UNESCO. This meant that the Park had joined the ranks of the Great Wall of China, Taj Mahal and the Grand Canyon receiving one of the highest global accolades. Acquiring this status also meant that the Lake District had become an international and global property and would receive more tourists. What exactly is it that delivers the visual harmony, the awe, the profound sense of place and notions of beauty that excited the early tourists, inspired conservationists, writer and artists, and is still a factor among many Lakeland visitors today? Tourists travel to the Lake District to experience an authentic natural English landscape. However, the definition of authentic at closer inspection reveals a landscape moulded by human reinterpretations of beauty. The notion that certain landscapes embodied perfection in terms of their relationship between their various elements quickly led to the idea that landscapes that did not have all these elements can be improved to acquire them. Thus began a new phase starting in the 1770s in shaping the landscape of Bowness of the landscape when ‘off comers’ with ideas of beauty and harmony, changed from being observers to interveners, who adopted the landscape, buying land which they enhanced with villas gardens and woodland. The aim was to make picturesque improvements to their natural surroundings. The historic core and picturesque views of Bowness are slowly being reduced to a quick photograph opportunity for visiting tourist. The growing presence of international commercial brands ubiquitous in most tourist cities around the world detracts from the unique character of this tourist honeypot’s architecture. As a result, tourists cluster in the commercially driven core and are not embedded in the wider landscape. The growth of Budget airlines has made travel more accessible, a trend projected to stay consistent in the decades to come. To make tourism sustainable and engaging, an alternative ‘slow tourism’ should be synergetically designed to envelop cultural strengths, community economic development, unique historical context, local resources and ecology.

LEONARD CHIPAWA M.ARCH 2

Cartography of Fast Tourism in Bowness on Windermere

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Landscape, Linear Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

CONISTON

Historically part of Lancashire, Coniston is a village and civil parish in located in the Furness region of Cumbria of the Lake District National Park in North West England and is located between Coniston water, the thirdlongest lake in the Lake District and Coniston old man peak. The town was originally named ‘Coningeston’ until the 12th century, a name derived from a Konungr, the Old Norse for a king, and tūn the Old English for farmstead or village, translating as ‘The king’s estate’, a title thought to have arisen from a small Scandinavian mountain kingdom within the surrounding landscape. Furthermore, Coniston lies at the mouth of Coppermines valley and Yewdale beck, which descend from the Coniston fells, historically the location of metal ore and slate mining. Coniston’s location thus developed as a farming village and transport hub, serving the surrounding towns. Old Man’s peak is the most notable feature of Coniston Village, rising dramatically over the village centre and surrounding landscape. It is therefore known that Coniston is a popular focus for walkers and climbers and leisurely activities including sailing and kayaking.

HOPE BROWN VALLIA PERDIKAKI

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Maintained Historical Destination unsuitable for its Makers: An Isolated Community

Coniston is a village and civil parish in the Furness region of Cumbria, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it is in the southern part of the Lake District National Park, between Coniston Water, the third-longest lake in the Lake District and Coniston Old Man; northeast of Barrow-in-Furness. Conistonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s location developed as a farming village and transport hub, serving these areas. Today Coniston forms part of the Lake District National Park, the administrative county of Cumbria and the local government district of South Lakeland.

Coniston prides itself on its unique location with nature walks, John Ruskin Museum and industrial heritage of itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s slate and copper mines and has repeatedly won awards in the past for highly placed village of the year as it was considered an important local centre with a secondary school, primary school, bank and petrol station. Along with organised regular events and meetings bringing together a close community atmosphere. It is regarded as a top area for tourism with 40% of the accommodation and housing being secondary holiday homes or temporary residence. In regards for the NHS in Cumbria and for the South Lakelands, this area is above average when it comes to mental health and wellbeing feedback but has the highest estimate of people with common mental disorders. The two main conditions being dementia and depression. With a population of 1570 per city population in 2018 statistics, a higher percentage of people living here are of the age 60+ with the permanent residency decreasing since 2002. Dementia and Depression can be linked to poor lifestyle behaviours such as lack of activity, bad diet and smoking. How does Coniston maintain an active leisure reputation whilst suffering from a vascular linked condition and depression? Does the lack of transport and facilities mean this areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s unsuitable for a type of person? How much does the transport and technology affect activity?

HOPE BROWN M.ARCH 1

Demonstrates Time Periods to Healthcare and Socio-Economic Facilities along with Main and Secondary Transport Routes

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape

Coniston is a village that famously produced slate and copper ore between the 16th century until the 20th for exportation across the United Kingdom and Europe. Cooper extraction was ceased due to economic issues and political tensions during wartime. The suspension and discontinuation of the copper mines led to the significant economic impact on the surrounding towns. overtime mining has become increasingly perceived as an environmental issue with much of the surrounding ecosystem, soil and water remaining contaminated with metal, iron, copper, phosphate substances. The terrain remains critically unstable with large underground holes created from the mining of slate and ore mines, making it unsuitable for future developments in infrastructure. Flood issues are another significant problem in Coniston and now with the consequential effects of climate change, floods are becoming increasingly frequent. Flood prevention strategies are infrequently maintained and as a result, the contaminated chemical toxins trapped in the soils are being removed and relocated across different land uses and further downstream, including into the natural water supplies which provide cities such as Manchester with fresh drinking water. Currently, the town aspires to create a recycling economical system that will be independent of composting food waste and using modern techniques to produce local agriculture. Still, with the contamination of land and the increased demand for infrastructure, how are these future strategies going to be implemented in the local environment and what is the future of Coniston mines with the contamination of toxins and lack of investment? Scientific evidence indicates that some plants, fungus, bacteria, and trees assist to absorb the contaminated substances from the ground. These processes are called phytoremediation, rhyzoremediation, mycoremediation, and bioremediation. By developing the approach of regeneration of space, a socioeconomic domino effect will occur within the boundary of the town. Coniston has already spent invested ÂŁ900,000 into fi xing the quality of the water and the soil. It is calculated that 1km2 km of rejuvenated soil costs ÂŁ1.5m to complete the process of phytoremediation. By focusing on environmentally beneficial procedures and aspects, residents can generate new businesses and adjust more suitably into the current topography. An underground greenhouse located in Old Manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mountain would assist with the cleaning of the soil and could further reduce the risks of future contamination in the vegetation, rivers and existing underground structures. The future development of an underground greenhouse would implement a masterplan strategy incorporated across 30 years to eliminate the contaminated substances from the soil through the process of mycoremediation and phytoremediation and rhyzoremediation. Developing an educational space would further encourage the next generation and spread ecological knowledge into the surrounding urban areas. Laboratories and root cellars are spaces that are connected with the concept of an underground greenhouse. Moreover, seeds will be imported from neighbouring countries to promote further growth and develop a tourist attraction, creating stable employment and opportunities. This would also encourage the revitalisation and re-emergence of local animal species and the creating of a newly formed eco-system across the Lake District National Park.

VALLIA PERDIKAKI M.ARCH 1

Immigration and Extinction of Specific Species due to the Contamination of Soil and the Deforested Landscape in the Town of Coniston

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Fast and Hyper Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places and People. A Resilient Network. A Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Use and Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A Senstive and delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between a nd I n for mat ion. Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape. A Linear Fabric which is Fraying. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

CONISTON COPPERMINE

The mining of copper in the Coniston mines complex started towards the end of the 16th century, and German miners carried out the earliest largescale mining activities. These early workings were almost always worked from the surface at outcrops of the copper veins. Initially, all the work would have been carried out using hand tools. As the workings became deeper it became increasingly difficult to take the ore out and to drain them. The next major period of development started in the late 1750s with the formation of the Macclesfield Copper Company. Work continued the veins that the Germans had left behind, and the workings were deepened to over 110m. A water wheel was constructed for haulage and water pumping, and along with the use of gunpowder, this contributed greatly to the increased speed of ore extraction and depth of workings. During the 1860s the output of copper ore started to decline which was a continuing trend. Some of the workings were so deep that the cost of maintenance and pumping was becoming uneconomical with the falling production rates. In 1982 the buildings in the valley were purchased by The Coppermineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lakes Cottages founder Philip Johnston who set about a comprehensive scheme of rebuilding, restoration and conservation.

LEONARD CHIPAWA CHRIS CONNOLLY

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Quiet and Beautifully â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sheepwrecked Landscapeâ&#x20AC;? scarred by Man, his Machines and the Unquenchable Thirst for Minerals

One of the most rewarding and interesting mining localities in the Lake District is to be seen in the valley of the Red Dell Beck, or the Coppermines Valley. By the mid-1800s copper production in Coniston was at peak facilitated by German mining expertise. The Coniston mining syndicate stopped operating in 1908, and the last waterwheels were demolished for scrap during the 1930s. The present-day traces of mining in the Coniston complex are mainly those left by the nineteenth-century activities. The picturesque mountains of Coniston are in places honeycombed with extensive mining networks reaching a surface to the bottom depth of over 550m. The copper complex is very much a vertical space, where deep shafts, false floors, precariously stacked reinforcement structures and many other dangers abound. These mines present a danger to the inexperienced tourists and should not be entered without a knowledgeable guide. Like most neighbouring towns Coniston dwells on the economic stream of the tourism industry which is content with the current state of the spectacular landscape. The controversies of this contaminated and dangerous post-mining landscape stand as a huge obstacle to the restoration of its declining ecology. In a study carried out by the Forest Research Agency, the area was identified as a sensitive landscape in need of reforestation to improve the water catchment area and soil erosion as a result of intensive grazing. Erosion makes mine waste less stable over time, and climate change could bring excessive rainfall patterns in the future which would also increase erosion of sediment. The challenges facing this contemporary hand-made cultural landscape require urgent attention, which is overshadowed by the declaration of the National park as a UNESCO world heritage site. To solve these challenges, we need to uncover new synergetic conditions that subvert traditional formulas and reimagine the future of the Coniston Coppermines as a megaregional public in a climate-changed world.

LENNY CHIPAWA M.ARCH 2

Post-Mining Wasteland of Coniston

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A delicate balance between Nature and Industry

A valley of abandoned industry and polluted waterways, the contaminated Coniston Coppermines sits as a shell of the once productive landscape of mining that had stood over centuries. Post extraction the industrious ore rich rocky valley lays bare as an idle landscape, economically and environmentally. Geographically located just north of Coniston Water, the Coppermines Valley and its abandoned mines pose a potentially devastating threat to the waterways on the lakeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s catchment area. The unnatural levels of toxic ions seeping in from the spoil heaps adjacent to water sources has the potential to cripple ecosystem of the aquatic landscapes. What can be can be done to prevent environmental destruction of these freshwater systems? Naturally sensitive remediation techniques need to be implemented to allow for the reversal of the damage the industrial landscape has cause on the site. Is it possible of the contaminated Coppermines Valley to be peel back 500 years of toxic harm man has inflicted and allow the natural landscape to flourish once again?

CHRIS CONNOLLY M.ARCH 1

Spoils to Spoilt - the extent of a polluted landscape at Coniston Coppermines

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Exploitation Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. An Ecologically delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places, People and Industry. a nd I n for mat ion. Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of of Explitation and Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Services, People of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow and Move between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape. A Linear Fabric which is Fraying. A Seasonal and Touristic Destination. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

DALTON IN FURNESS

Dalton-in-Furness is a small parish town situated within the sub-district of the Furness Peninsula. Situated approximately 200 feet above sea level, its geographical features merge the towns urban fabric with views across the peninsula and out to the Irish Sea. Dalton is also located around 40 miles from Lancaster and was later connected through the railway which brought significant investment and tourism to the local economy. Dalton-in-Furness was formerly the centre for administration and justice within Cumbria, which included the courthouse for the Lordship of Furness and was originally the ancient capital for the Furness peninsula. The townscape was formerly recognised for its locality and self-contained labour market with workers travelling from the surrounding areas and as far as Ireland in the hope of gaining employment. Iron mines were once positioned throughout Daltonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surrounding landscape, with many mines and smelter remained undocumented. The Furness Railway which connects Barrow to Dalton was opened in 1846, allowing tourism to reach the town, although the railway was predominately used for the transportation and exportation of Iron Ore. In 1993, the Department of Transport officially opened a 2.8 mile long by-pass North of Dalton, creating a more measurable connection to the surrounding National Park which later coincided with the controversial opening of the South Lakes Safari Zoo. The safari which is home to 1,500 animals is today recognised as one of the most visited attractions within the surrounding Lake District.

DARREN LYNASS JESSICA SCOTT 33

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying

For the town of Dalton, the biggest node of employment on it’s periphery is the Kimberly Clark paper mill, employing approximately 380 people. Kimberly Clark is the world’s second largest tissue paper company in the world by capacity, whose common household products are known to UK consumers as Huggies and Andrex. 60,000 tonnes of wood pulp is shipped to the mill annually to make these products via Barrow port. Investigation of this mill’s sourcing revealed that the pulp originates from monoculture eucalyptus forests grown in Brazil. The company who owns and harvests this pulp, Fibria Ltd. exports 4.6 million tonnes of eucalyptus pulp around the globe annually, with half of this tonnage ending up becoming tissue paper. The pulp and paper industry is one of the world’s biggest polluters, as well as one of the heaviest users of fresh water. The pulp taken to Kimber Clark is mixed in a very diluted concentrate to produce its stock (99.5% water and 0.5% fiber). This stock is subsequently sprayed onto screens of mesh to drain it. Manufacture also does not consider the enormous volume of water needed to grow eucalyptus trees on their monoculture plantations during their seven-year planting cycles. Cumbria, has a woodland cover of 58,500ha, only 9% of the county. Why is there an internationally sourced paper mill in one of the least wooded regions of Europe? The woodland cover in much of South Lakeland is the result of replanting in the eighteenth century to ensure a continuous supply of timber for the local iron and forest industries. The Forestry Commission has subsequently taken measures to prevent afforestation of the District’s interior to preserve its signature world heritage image. While afforestation is not an entirely feasible option, the nature of industry in Cumbria and its relation to our everyday services shows us the fundamental flaws in the linear economy.

DARREN LYNASS M.ARCH 2

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Eucalyptus Pulp and Woodland cover of Cumbria

KC Mil Mii lss KC Off Office ice cees

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... The Lake District is presently defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants

Currently, Dalton-in-Furness has a population of 8,125. According to the Cumbria Observatory and Census Data, 33% of the economically active population is not employed. Historically the town was known as the ‘Capital’ of Furness with a surplus of opportunities and economic spheres. Today the area consists of twelve pubs, ten hairdressers, and one vape shop as well as two betting shops and no banks. A total of 819 households in Dalton have no access to a car. There is a significant lack of public transportation in the area leading to connectivity issues, comparable to the rest of the North-West of England. Today, Dalton-in-Furness suffers from a lack of identity due to many different attributes. Tourism remains to be the principal issue. William Wordsworth, an esteemed writer, once projected, ‘nightmare vision of the Lake District… avast, commercial fairground.’ South Lakes Safari Zoo, a significant economic hub, is situated on the towns North-East periphery separated by the A590. The Zoo is a privatized company, it’s ‘fairground economy’ results in the majority of the money spent by visitors staying within its entity boundaries. 85% of the Zoo’s visitors are day-trippers not travelling into the town, consequently neglecting many other economic spheres and creating detrimental impacts. Over time, the Lake District has been perceived as being a middle-class retreat, however, delving deeper into the territories surrounding its boundaries, particularly along its southern and western edges, areas of poverty begin to become increasingly apparent.

JESSICA SCOTT M.ARCH 1

Economic Sphereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and Inter-Regional Commuter Flows

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. Productive Landscape An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowUrbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. of People. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Recreational Importer Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

FLOOKBURGH

Flookburgh is a small settlement situated on the outer perimeter of the Lake District National Park along the Carlment peninsula, whoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s named translates as the place of the Flatfish Fluke. Flookburgh was historically a market town, positioned between the bay crossing of Lancaster and Furness. Today, the town still maintains its market heritage and its local and regional annual fairs. Before the beginning of the WWI, fleets of ships came to trawl and net the mussel beds along the edges of the peninsula. This practice slowing declined until it finally ceased due to silting in the estuary as a result of the building of the railway line in Flookburgh. Although fishing and other seafood have been an essential part of the economic and cultural development of Flookburgh, farming and agriculture have also become part of its historical heritage which finally ceased after WWI. The farms were thereby sublet for various other purposes including horse stables which were rented by the Ulverston and Lancaster Railway Company In 1853 which assisted in the construction of the railway. Until 1957, a few of the barns at Flookburgh farm were also occupied as power station units.

HOPE BROWN APURVA LENGADE

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Haven without Care: A stigma around Mental Health connected to Socio-Economic Growth

Flookburgh is a small ancient fishing village on the Cartmel peninsula in Cumbria close to Morecombe Bay. Known for cockle and shrimp fishing alongside spring water and stick toffee pudding industries first devised in Cartmel nearby. The whitewashed cottages and houses in Flookburgh appear to be arranged around a market square. This market square contains a pharmacy, hotel/ restaurant, a post office and a bakery situated on the main street. Flookburgh promotes itself as a peaceful tourist spot containing campsites, holiday homes and adventure walks along the coast and hills. Per Cumbriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment and healthcare statistics South Lakeland Lake district, this area suffers from on average one suicide a week. With men between the ages of 40 - 60 being worst affected by depression. There are 2 main contributors to depression: socio-economic & environmental factors and lifestyle & health behaviours. How does an area promote itself as a haven to tourists whilst suffering from mental health within its local community? Lack of healthcare and facilities is majorly evident in this area whilst the rural location maintains peaceful mindfulness. How does modern-day society function in an ancient village and is there technological advancements needed to maintain health and wellbeing?

HOPE BROWN M.ARCH 1

Areas of Interest for Tourism which are interconnected to Local Needs

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Ceased Transition due to the Imbalance between Natural Values and Cultural Adaption

As a birthplace of the modern conservation movement which allowed man, a direct relationship with nature by stimulation of low density; Englandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest and most spectacular national park - the Lake District - is now officially designated a Beatrix Potter themed sheep museum. Flookburgh, a small settlement situated along the Carlment peninsula, was historically a market-town with fleets of ships coming to trawl and net the mussel beds on the edge of the peninsula. This came to an end due to the silting of the estuary and the market town has now grown to be a land that is only used for farm activities. The landscape, failing to adapt to the growing changes in geography, topography, and resources is now reduced to being the largest area of common grazing. The entire high fells in Flookburgh have been transformed by sheep and cattle grazing to a treeless waste of cropped turf whose monotony is relieved only by erosion gullies, exposed soil and bare rocks. Almost all the bird, mammal and insect species you might expect to find in a national park are suppressed or absent, and 75% of wildlife is in an unfavourable condition. For over 3,000 years, grazing has been presented as the seat of innocence and purity when the reality could not be more different. They occupy 4 hectares of the uplands, compared to this; the built environment only covers 1.7 hectares. Farming in Flookburgh is now characterised by land consolidation, subsidy harvesting and has become a fully automated system of ecological destruction. The silting of the estuaries and a considerable imbalance between the natural values and cultural adaption of farming practices have ceased any further transition of Flookburgh. Is the complexity in the usage of the natural landscape, creating a hindrance in the further development of the settlement into a self-sustained organic unit? A policy for effective economic, social, cultural and regional management has to be implemented alongside consideration of homogenic living conditions.

APURVA LENGADE M.ARCH 2

Density of Sheep Grazing vs Built Environment in Flookburgh

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Landscape, Linear Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

GRASMERE

Grasmere is a village in the heartland of the Lake District, whose early growth was devoted chiefly to the wool industry and mineral/rock extraction. The construction of the railway line to Windermere in the 18th century brought the town its first tourism, which gradually replaced its earlier trades over time. Today it is still a popular tourist destination, due to its famous Gingerbread and also for being the location of the grave of the romantic poet William Wordsworth, which is situated behind St Oswaldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Church. In the corner of the churchyard lies the Grasmere Gingerbread Shop. Built in 1630, this building was originally the village school for over 220 years but was later rented by Sarah Nelson who became famous for making gingerbread. The business of the town has been affected in recent years by flooding incidents, that have also affected the wider District. In 2005, a storm led to flooding from the River Rothay, affecting residents around White Bridge. In 2009 and 2013 the town was hit again by flooding, due to high levels on the River Rothay affecting homes in the White Bridge and Stock Lane areas.

JASON CRAWFORD DARREN LYNASS

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange

A formidable landscape, enriched by prominent poets and erotic estuaries, the Lake District is a re-silent micro-climate, deepened by its esoteric image of romantic imaginations and physical and mental rehabilitation. Grasmere, a microscale systematic village between Thirlmere and Windermere is adversely hyperconnected to the surrounding biotic and abiotic man-made infrastructures and urban geography: Land use, displacement of resources and ownership. The exploitation of natural resources, cognitive dissonance and irreparable damages from tourism has threatened the human habitation and sustainable anthropogenic effects of climate change. Furthermore, severe flooding, the eroding of pathways and terrain and the contamination of water through fertilizers, harmful chemicals and free-grazing have resulted in deficiencies in a seemingly picturesque landscape and the destruction of the local aquatic eco-system and consequential release of stored carbon. Grasmere is today defined by the uneconomical, unsustainable and impractical paradigms through the exploitation and displacement of water reserves to the heavily dependent pharmaceutical, manufacturing and energy-producing services in the North West of England. Seasonal tourism and vehicular congestion connected across impermeable surfaces have caused an increasing and imminent threat from natural disasters and flooding to the local environment. What does the future hold? Scientists estimate that by the end of the century, the global temperature will increase exponentially by 1.8Â° to 4.0Â° Celsius leading to catastrophic and adverse effects on the global climate. Increased drought, famine, disease, contestation in resources and harsh weather conditions are but a few of the challenges ahead. It is of detrimental importance that we adapt culturally and programmatically to our climate if we are to co-exist.

JASON CRAWFORD M.ARCH 2

Torrential Topography

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature

The uneven distribution of tourists within the Lake District is part of a wider global controversy of strains on infrastructure due to the seasonal and whimsical flows of marketing to foreign visitors, however, the factors that result in this phenomenon are ambiguous. Of the categories of tourism, literary tourism for the romantic poets, most notably William Wordsworth, is one branch for which the town of Grasmere plays an important niche. Today’s clusters of Wordsworthian interest are concentrated in four distinct pockets; Cockermouth, Wordsworth’s hometown, Keswick, home to fellow romantic poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey, Grasmere town, and Hawkshead, where Wordsworth was schooled. Wordsworth wrote his early works in Dove cottage, located in Grasmere where he and his sister Dorothy cohabited from 1799 to 1808. It is here where he wrote his early works, the famous of which was ‘Daffodils’. Today Japanese tourists contribute a plurality of the revenue generated in Grasmere. Japanese tourists also favour Lake Ullswater, whose coastline inspired his poem ‘Daffodils’ which perhaps plays to the Japanese cultural notion of flower blooming with the transience of nature. To broaden my methodology, I mapped all the Wordsworthian location extents that were referenced featured in a series of Victorian journals published in the 1870s, together with the overall frequency of their citations. In overlaying these extents of contemporary Wordsworthian hotspots indicated on websites like Instagram and Flickr, it becomes apparent that areas that referenced the poet’s later works, St. Bees and the River Duddon on the Cumbria Coast, as well as the District’s Fells, are desolate of interest. Wordsworth wrote extensively of the River Duddon River, including his lyric sequence “The River Duddon, A Series of Sonnets” published in 1820, while ‘Stanzas suggested in a steamboat off St Bees’ Heads’ was one of Wordsworth’s later works, published 1835. It is very informative that these revelations are due to the changing contemporary tastes and marketing of an era of a Poet’s career, however how to rectify this imbalance is probably much more complex now the pattern of interest is seemingly locked in.

DARREN LYNASS M.ARCH 2

Wordsworthian locations 1870 Wordsworthian location Extents - Victorian Journals 2019 Wordsworthian location Extents - Flicker/Instagram Skiddaw 931

Cockermouth

Keswick

Grasmoor

Blencathra 868

Penrith

Great Dodd 856

851

Ullswater Lake

Helvellyn 950

St. Bees Pillar 892

Fairfield Great Gable 899

873

Scafell Pike 978

Bowfell 902

829

Langdale Pikes 733

Old Man of Coniston 803

River Duddon

High Street

Hawkshead

Kendal

Black Combe 600

Grasmere

Rydal Mount

Wordsworthian Tourism

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Landscape, Linear Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

GRIZEDALE

Grizedale is in the centre of Grizedale Forest, in the heart of the Lake District world heritage site between Windermere and Coniston. Grizedale is also home to a rare Lime tree, located in Rainsbarrow Wood and planted around 400 years ago, even though many of Grizedaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trees date back to the 18th century. Between 1782-84, Grizedaleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s owner, Agnes Ford, planted 77,000 broadleaved trees, many being oak. After her marriage in 1785, her husband, Mr Henry Ainslie, continued the planting, receiving a gold medal in 1812 for having planted 142,000 trees. After World War II Grizedale Forest was owned by the Forestry Commission and has since become a popular tourist destination with waymarked footpaths, mountain biking, assault courses, and other recreational sites. Plantations lay within the flanks of the forest, beside the ancient woodlands, full of coniferous species managed by the commission.

CHRIS CONNOLLY PHILIP RICHARDSON

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential

A duality of economic capacity and environmental potential is embedded within the landscape of Grizedale. The forested habitat plays a pivot role in the sequestration of the carbon dioxide pollutant within the atmosphere, allowing for the area to store a plentiful supply of carbon in a relatively small extent. This carbon-rich habitat is an area for potential economic advance for those with ownership of the land, which has not gone unnoticed in decades previous. What will the price be on carbon, will it be financially viable to allow it to build up and lay in storage for the greater environmental good? Or will traditional economies be maintained by way of clearing for agriculture or selling off the forest as timber? Gains are to be made both economically and environmentally where carbon is present. Deforestation is present in Grizedale Forest, where landowners have sold the stored carbon in the form of tree felling, much to the detriment of the healthy environment of the forest. A balance must be struck for the land to become monetarily and ecologically sustainable not only for the few that own the land but for the environment and wider economy.

CHRIS CONNOLLY M.ARCH 1

Environmental vs. Economic potential of Grizedale

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Commercialised Woodland

Grizedale has the largest forestry commission forest in the Lake District National Park and has recently been experiencing changes in patterns adopted to tourism, recreational associations, timber merchants and timber growers. By institutional arrangements of separate forest functions, the structure of governance within the area mostly owned by the National Park Authority (NPA) has created a conflict of interests between national policies and diverse local practices and interests. Conflicts of interests are difficult to resolve as the NPA has the over-arching aims in governing the area to serve interests of a wider national public in an economic context, were those policies impact local communitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; livelihoods, leaving locals feeling relatively powerless. The lack of consultation has led to further conflicts and misunderstandings within the area as the general public, including farmers, want to influence which lands should be afforested and with what species. There appears to be fairly strong sentiment for a stronger linkage between the community development needs of a local area and the nature and extent of forestry planting in that area. I intend to explore areas of Grizedale Forest and the various patterns of land management across it to understand the extent and scale of the problem. I shall understand forestry further by understanding it within the UK, Lake District National Park, then specifically within a felling site in Grizedale forest. Perhaps the solution is to alter the land management closest to local communities and allow the areas to add to a richer, more biodiverse ecology and landscape by letting nature take its course without any human interference.

PHILIP RICHARDSON M.ARCH 1

Identifying Land-Use in Grizedale

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Productive Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density and Regional Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth and Investment within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in its Fabric whoes in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex- Change. An early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture.

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

KENDAL

Kendal is known as ‘The Auld Grey Town’ because many of its houses were built from the local grey limestone. The town is often referred to as the Gateway to the Lake District because it sits just outside the National Park. It is organised around a main high street and radiating narrow alleyways. At various times in the past, this historic market place has been an important centre for trade and commerce. The town’s traditional trade was in wool. As the industry grew, so did Kendal’s size and prosperity. During the Industrial Revolution, it became one of the country’s main manufacturing areas with many mills on the banks of the River Kent. Kendal became a centre for the production of snuff, shoes and tobacco. Its position as a natural geographical centre provided direct access to the trade conducted over the Lancaster Canal. However, in the 19th century tourism took centre stage as the main economic driver. This was due to the gradual decline of trade, the introduction of the railway and the influence and popularity of the Lake Poets’ writings. Today the town is known as England’s centre for rural tourism as well as the home of the Kendal mint cake.

KAROLINA DIMITROVA JAMES McMONAGLE

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Sinking Complex Network of Infrastructures fragile to Disruptive Environmental and Systematic Changes

The market town of Kendal enjoys the luxury of the most magnificent national parks, Yorkshire Dale at the edge of the town and the Lake District. Nestled in a valley, Kendal is surrounded by beautiful mountains which host several cultural events, sporting and adventure activities. Kendal is the focal point for entrance to Cumbria and the Lakes. It is considered as the entrance to the Lake District because of all traffic networks that converge in the town and later disperse beyond into the county. Burdened by traffic congestions and delays, especially during the summer season, Kendal has more than 7 major roads passing through as well as railway service and a motorway nearby. It is perfectly located as a connecting point between England and the county of Cumbria. Linking the two to provide support for the tourism economy, access to places of interest and hotspot locations for tourists. The townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s topography, however, stands as a threat to the water drainage infrastructure and the tourism economy. The 2015 disaster experienced in Kendal was the largest flooding ever recorded in the town. Prolonged and intense rainfall fell on catchment areas that were already saturated and resulted in rising river levels and flooding throughout the Lake District and further afield. With climate changeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s continuous exacerbation of weather patterns, flooding is likely to occur in the near future with more severe consequences. Thus, flooding stands as a huge obstacle to the mobility of Kendal, Cumbria and its tourism. In the future, Kendal will require modes of infrastructure that can navigate more successfully the adverse weather effects, caused by climate change, and balance the stranglehold tourism has on its network.

KAROLINA DIMITROVA M.ARCH 2

The Sinking Gateway to Cumbria

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... An Environmental War Zone

Kendal is one of the larger settlements in Cumbria, however, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lacking in many essential services to help treat cancer suffers. Currently, patients have to travel on a trip of more than 100 miles, the equivalent of three hours, to receive the treatment they desperately need. Westmorland Lands Hospital, the largest clinic in Cumbria, unfortunately, provides no facility to treat these suffering people. The only place they can go is a rest bite centre situated along the River Kent. However, this street though is known to have a dangerous level of nitrous oxide, which can eventually cause lung cancer. Kendal today is known for its famous mint cake and historic castle and is a romantic getaway for millions of visitors. However, something isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understood is the battle paradigm that many of the locals undertake every day. Climate change is impacting the once poetic River and conflict of man versus natural is underway. Seasonal tourism and vehicular congestion have turned the once porous and natural landscape into a jungle of stone and tarmac. A false facade, a choke point of man and nature, in which both are suffering. A change is required to unlock Kendal, to develop a resilient landscape that brings harmony and peace back to a once tranquil and baron place.

JAMES McMONAGLE M.ARCH 2

The Pardox of Kendal Town

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Fast and Hyper Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places and People. A Hybridised Resilient Network. A Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Displaced and Fragmented Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of services and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that shape, define and f low between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A Ecologically Sensitive and delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places, people and invests. A Hybridised Polluted, Congested Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Displaced and Fragmented Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of services and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that shape, define and f low between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape. A Linear Fabric which is Fraying. A TransientAgar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport,

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

NEWBY BRIDGE

Newby Bridge is a historic hamlet situated adjacent to the intersection between the River Leven and extending to the southerly end of Lake Windermere. The area was famously named following the construction of the five-arched stone bridge built in 1651 allowing essential access across Lake Windermere for transportation of goods, services and livestock. A railway station was later installed along the Lakeside & Haverthwaite line. Originally the railway was established in the industrial period during the transportation of Coal, Sulphur and Iron Ore which were moved to Barrow in Furness for shipping and to cities including Manchester and Liverpool which grew significantly during the first industrial revolution. natural minerals were, therefore, registered as an important economic factor in the development of the Lake District and the formation of settlements, particularly along the southern and western edges of Cumbia. Today the railway hosts of the only working locomotiveâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s left in England. The train travels 3.5 miles directly from Lakeside to Haverthwaite, passing through Newby Bridge which has become heavily dependent on the economic expenses of tourism. The area currently accommodates the passing of vehicular transportation and is seen as an important intersection for residents and visitors with the A590 converging through it. Newby Bridge can be viewed as a connective node providing access to the lower regions of the Lake District and the Furness Peninsula.

VALLIA PERDIKAKI JESSICA SCOTT 63

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology

Newby Bridge is a fast-flowing intersection confined by residents, visitors and bypassing infrastructure. The restricted town is extremely ineffectual against the existing context and infrastructure constructed by the local authorities. It is therefore evident that the town is not provided with any public or communal schemes such as local supermarkets and schools which have been relocated to the surrounding urban fabric. Further to the above, the town is currently suffering from flood issues with the contemporary flood system to inefficient to cope with the demands and no proposed strategies currently being planned or implemented. Due to current economic demands, the towns main financial source is dependent on tourism. Historically the main attraction, the steam railway system, located adjacent to Newby Bridge has attracted visitors from around the World. The railway was firstly opened by the Furness Railway in 1905 before services were withdrawn in 1949 due to industrial and financial issues. The train continued to pass through the station as a public method of transport until the line was closed by British Railways in 1965. Services were later resumed in 1973 through local pressures and preservation. Although the railway has a direct link with the heritage of the town, the current environmental crisis regarding climate change raises issues regarding the effects on the quality of the atmosphere, water, and surrounding wildlife. Ironically Newby Bridge is famous for its local fauna and wildlife in the sloping topography and forests. The noise from the train and the carbon pollution have consequently made many animal species over the years migrate outside the National Park boundary and to the nearby forests. Politician Jo Johnson suggested by 2040 to supersede all the Diesel trains with Steam as it is more affordable to maintain. How can this suggestion be reflected in the Lake District and in the ecosystem and the wildlife of the whole United Kingdom in 20 years? In addition to this, the Grand Canyon Railway has implemented a strategy to recycle waste vegetable oil to power its historic steam train. Can the United Kingdom adopt similar world strategies in reducing its carbon emissions and consider alternative ways to eliminate environmental issues as we progress through the fourth industrial revolution?

VALLIA PERDIKAKI M.ARCH 1

Immigration of Animal Species to nearby Forestlands since the 19th Century due to the integration of the Steam Railway

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable

Due to its geographical setting, Newby Bridge has been the victim of five significant floods within the past 20 years. Acknowledging Lake Windermere is the UK’s largest body of water containing 300 billion litres of water. Specialists have anticipated that the frequency and severity of flooding in the area will change immeasurably within our lifetime, attributed to future climate change. DEFRA, the government body, has predicted a 10% increase in the 100-year flood within the next 20 years. On average flooding costs, the UK economy £1.1 billion annually. Flooding is extremely complex, the vagueness of territories, the jurisdiction of ownership, and specific geomorphological qualities all contribute to the complexity. Government policies on the management of water also reflect similar complexities achieved by a multitude of Risk Assessment Management authorities. Human demands and physical modifications forced onto Lake Windermere have intensified the controversy between water and land. Now is the time to ‘embrace’ the flood, prompting a new approach of micro-geography interventions that have careful consideration for the ecology and to design ways of exploiting the potentials of flooding.

JESSICA SCOTT M.ARCH 1

A Dynamic Flooding System & Connective Node

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Landscape, Linear Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

SELLAFIELD

Sellafield is a large multi-function nuclear site close to Seascale on the coast of Cumbria, England. The sites current function include a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant, nuclear waste storage and nuclear decommissioning. The site covers an area of two square miles and comprises more than 200 nuclear facilities and more than 1,000 buildings. Originally built as a Royal Ordnance Factory in 1942, the site briefly passed into the ownership of Courtaulds for rayon manufacture following World War II, but was reacquired by the Ministry of Supply in 1947 for the production of plutonium for nuclear weapons. It was the first site in the world to generate nuclear power for the commercial market. From its conception in the 1950s, it has been surrounded by mystery and controversy. Incidents involving leaks of radioactive waste, contamination of the surrounding lands, links to increased levels of cancer in Cumbria, controversial dumping of waste at sea and employees being exposed to high doses of radiation. Sellafield has now entered its decommissioning phase where the sites nuclear waste must be stored for thousands of years before it can be labelled as secure. The process according to specialists in 2014 will cost ÂŁ79.1 billion.

JAMES McMONAGLE

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns

As the World is rapidly adapting to the next generation of nuclear reactors, the global concern of nuclear waste is one that needs to be effectively tackled with a sense of urgency. The United Kingdom currently produces around 200 million tonnes of conventional radioactive waste a year. Exactly what is happening to the waste? For decades the United Kingdom has been planning an underground depository for storage, but in 2019 this doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t appear to be any further on. Currently, one in three people in the UK is predicted to have some form of cancer in their life. This means someone every two minutes is diagnosed with cancer in the United Kingdom. Nearly 54% of men will develop cancer and 48% of women according to healthcare predictions. Cancer incidence rates have increased by 12% from the early 1990s. The most effective treatment currently to tackle this awful disease is radiation therapy through the NHS and private sectors. This project seeks to examine the issues regarding nuclear energy and can the nuclear industry have some role in preventing against future cancer.

JAMES McMONAGLE M.ARCH 2

The Reality of a Killer Coast

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

STAVELEY

Staveley is a picturesque village within the boundary of Lake District National Park, located directly 4 miles northwest of Kendal and easily accessible from the town of Ambleside by the adjacent infrastructure, including the A591, the most popular road in Britain. The village is ideally located along the River Kent and Gowan and is centred between the surrounding topography of Reston Scar, Piked Howe and Lily Fell, which provides the opening to Kentmere Valley. to the south of the towns urban fabric, Staveley train provides suitable transport connections to the surrounding areas of Windermere and Kendal, as well as to the South of England. Historically, the village derives its name from â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;field of staff â&#x20AC;&#x2122; in Old English due to its former woodworking industries that thrived in the region due to the ecological footprint and surrounding dense forests that originally embraced the hillsides. Overtime the fast-flowing river Kent and Gowan provided ideal facilities for watermills along its route, thereby developing Staveley into a notable contributor to the local economy in the linen, cotton, wood-turning and bobbin industries. Today, farming practices on the outskirts of the village have reshaped the surrounding landscape while the former mills have been transformed into office and industrial units and self-employed facilities for the pharmaceutical, healthcare, leisure and retail sectors.

JASON CRAWFORD PHILIP RICHARDSON

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Gateway to Re-imagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geotechnological Landscape

Staveley, a hyper-local density region of the Lake District National Park, once prominent due to its productive and distributed network of linen, cotton and bobbin industries and its primary attachment within the surrounding ecological landscape, has become increasingly threatened by the global intensive fluxes and flows of economic growth and the overreliance on bypassing infrastructure and tourism. The diminishing importance of Staveleyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heritage has consequently left a fragmented urban fabric suffering from secluded streets and privatised landscape hence creating an atmosphere of neglect and opposition. Located along the river Kent which remains the fastest flowing river in England, historically Staveley was a self-serving industrial settlement, adaptive in producing social and cultural demands in high dense regions during the industrial revolution and using the physical and underlying networks of water, geological mining, surrounding parklands and railway network to satisfy materialistic consumption. These productive and consumptive territories have now become land-locked by private landowners, ecological stewardship and the relocation of services to low economically developed regions through the exploitation of the low-income workforce. Over time, economic uncertainty has led Staveley to harness a linear assembly of microbusinesses and self-employed workers adjacent to the former millhouse and towns intersection. This invested opportunity has provided Staveley with a place of collective citizenship, economic exchange and sustainable systems, including the hydroelectric turbines providing 20% of the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electricity. Although Staveleyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic framework remains self-sustainable, its spatial configuration is divided by the detouring of increasing vehicular transportation, the exploiting and movement of local water systems, the post-industrial inaccessible railway line and the separation of land through privatised and political ownership. The hope for the ideal townscape cannot be found in the reinventing of traditional formulas and similar social and physical reform. Resetting systematic approaches to architecture and the built environment is fundamental in re-imaging community, collectivity, technology and ecology within a declining post-Brexit Lake District.

JASON CRAWFORD M.ARCH 2

(Dis)Placing Permanence

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System

The Lake District’s beauty is largely resulted from farming for many centuries, however, problems have arisen as humans look at nature from a human point of view, using it for their own advantage. When we speak of a nature that has value, we inevitably speak of a world that is favourable to humans. Criticisms of farming techniques today are considered ‘destructive’ by rewilders and conservation groups, as old techniques that worked with nature are no longer used. Aesthetic values with heritage landscape and great cultural significance within the Lake District causes many controversial issues, specifically with sheep grazing. Tensions within the cultural narrative have to be debated and acknowledged in order to maintain and understand a sense of place and cultural heritage and allow us to arrive at a morally acceptable nature towards the environment. Today’s unsustainable farming techniques in Staveley, aimed to maximize yield, is unable to support biodiversity and ecosystem services. Staveley is a village situated 4 miles north-west of Kendal where the river Kent flows through. The village is surrounded by pastures of land which once used to be a forest, has now become a deforested landscape dominated by sheep. Overgrazing has increased throughout the years and subsequently degraded the surrounding lands, preventing the growth of more diverse plant species and the increase in other wildlife that greater plant diversity would allow. The high density of sheep and other livestock has resulted in the deposition of large amounts of excretory, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, and faecal microbes, resulting in the degradation of soil, contamination of water systems, such as surface water eutrophication and groundwater nitrate enrichment. To meet projected growth in the human population and per capita food demand, historical increases in agricultural production will have to continue, eventually doubling current production. With our existing agricultural system in place, this will lead to catastrophic irreversible effects on the environment and climate. How can we adapt? Through the use of advanced technology perhaps, there are many adaptation options available for marginal change of the existing agricultural system.

PHILIP RICHARDSON M.ARCH 1

Identifying Land-Use in Staveley

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies Resilient Network. A and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Source of Production Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

TILBERTHWAITE

Tilberthwaite is an area of the lake district once renowned for its function as a mega industrial exporter of slate. Records of quarrying date back to the sixteenth century when many local farms had the right to quarry slate, which offered a vital additional income. Between 1898 and 1905, saw the largest growth of the industry. Seventeen houses were built for quarry workers along with a school that accommodated ninety children. The industry had a surprising global reach ranging from the west coast of America to New Zealand. Today all mining activity has stopped resulting in many of the quarries remaining vacant. Campaigns are underway to create a policy which if granted will cease all slate mining activity in the lake district, putting an end to decades of history. Some of the quarries, however, have a newfound function, attracting tourists from around the world interested in extreme sports such as climbing, abseiling or diving. The area is also a hotspot for tourists that are interested in the historic value or purely for the beauty of the surrounding nature.

RIANE SAMIR

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Recreational Importer of People

Tilberthwaite is responsible for most of the slate found on Ireland’s roofs and many other roofs around the world. The global reach of the industry provided such a vibrant local economy with employment in every aspect of the mining process, from Gunpowder manufacturing that would have been used to explode the rock, to candle manufacturing that illuminated the deep mines. Currently, the lake district is in a stagnant situation. With the popularity of the romanticist ideology of William Wordsworth, it seems that the industrial heritage of Tilberthwaite is becoming less valuable. It is difficult to understand and not obvious that the landscape of the lake district is, in fact, a by-product of man. Historically the lake district was 80% forested until the introduction of middle eastern rebranded “Herdwick” sheep that reduced this to 8%. This domination of the landscape opened up a lot of the lake district and provided access to previously inaccessible places. Now the lake district had been granted world heritage status, there is an extra emphasis on maintaining the landscape. UNESCO is currently campaigning a policy which if granted will cease all slate mining activity in the lake district. The policy will put an end to noise pollution and spoil heaps that are a consequence of slate mining but will also put an end to decades of history. This policy will create less chance of building an economy that isn’t solely dependent on tourism. Rather than being an industrial exporter, Tilberthwaite now acts almost as a recreational importer of people and still somehow has a global reach that is maybe as big as it once was but for a very different reason. Some of the quarries are up to 50meters in height and 35meters in depth, the geology of the rock makes for an interesting site for rock climbing, abseiling and diving. Interestingly, the quarries have gained a metalanguage from climbers derived from the way in which they have been mined over the years. Each climbing route is graded with name and a degree of difficulty.

RIANE SAMIR M.ARCH 2

The Metalanguage of Tilberthwaite

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible Place. Delicately Held. A Hyper Intersection for Rapid Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Landscape, Linear Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories. The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Ex-

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS

ULVERSTON

Ulverston was historically a market town, serving the Furness Peninsula with a range of locally manufactured and crafted goods. In addition to its thriving industry and commercial background, Ulverston also served as a key route into wider Cumbria before the development of extensive railway lines in the mid-19th century. The canal was a major part of Ulverston’s role as both a link to the Lake District and a regional industrial hub. Constructed in 1796, the canal was built to address Ulverston’s considerable distance from the sea. It encouraged traffic through the centre of the town, and in doing so it also supported the opening of several shipyards, the Furness Paper Mill, and North Lonsdale Steel and Iron Works, among others. However, the rapid growth of Barrow-in-Furness as a rival port limited the success of Ulverston’s canal, and when it was last used commercially in 1916 it had failed to recoup the costs of its construction. Larger industries adjacent to the canal, such as the steelworks, continued to thrive up until the end of World War II due to the proximity of the new rail links and an uptick in demand from the war. Evidence of this rich history is hidden at first glance; the remnants of these industries have either been demolished or retrofitted to suit the needs of new inhabitants. GlaxoSmithKline now owns Ulverston Canal and the land once hosting the steelworks, and has expanded its operations to the foot of the canal over several decades of growth.

APURVA LENGADE AARON VINACCIA

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... A Decentralized System which has the potential to bring the Industry into closer relation with Agriculture

Ulverston has been a very influential town in the development of the Furness Peninsula. It gained itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Market Charter in 1280 and was a focal point for travellers and traders in the south Cumbria area. The major means of trade was the canal which was constructed to enable ships greater proximity to the settlement. As the canal gained importance, other industries grew up alongside. The whole of the canal has a rich industrial legacy until the canal ceased to operate after the establishment of the railway line. Today, a few industries are still running but the overall market trade has declined over time. Current trade, while indispensable, supplements the deficiencies of one region with the abundance of another. The diverse market alongside the canal which was once a self-sustained unit, (having a balance of production and diverse employment) now only retains a livestock auction market. The abattoir was constructed to serve the Auction Mart, resulting in several businesses establishing themselves adjacent to it for the farming community. Today these parcels of land, have become even more fragmented between tenants and there are several areas, which are completely neglected or underused. The total number of livestock transported in a year is 1,750,000 cattle, 3,500,000 sheep, 330,000 pigs and 64,000 calves. A single cow, on average, releases 400 litres of methane per day. The auction mart and the farm area are responsible for producing higher carbon footprint into the atmosphere in comparison to the industrial area. How do we arrive towards the creation of a sustainable environment? It is only possible if we carefully manage the already prevailing tendency towards decentralisation. Decentralisation has brought the localised industries into closer relation with agriculture and farming, however, it is failing to effectively uncover solutions to solve imperative environmental, social and economic problems.

APURVA LENGADE M.ARCH 2

Carbon and Methane Emission Zones in Ulverston

THE LAKE DISTRICT IS... An Exclusionary and Arbitrary Border

The Lake District National Park was established in 1951, a decision that solidified the role the area had as a cultural, natural, and historical landmark in England and the wider world. Although the area now attracts thousands of visitors every year, it initially served as an industrial hub for an extensive variety of products and materials: bobbin manufacturing, mining and refining of iron ore, textile production, and shipbuilding, among many others. Remains of this industrial heritage remain scattered across the landscape to this day. While most areas within the national park boundary have experienced continuous growth of tourism since the construction of the Windermere railway line, other settlements historically tied to the park that remain outside of its border see only a fraction of this influx. Ulverston, situated on the Furness peninsula, has a rich industrial past with deep connections across the region; its canal was a major hub for trade that solidified Ulverstonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role as a market town of great significance until its closure in 1945. Ulverston now suffers a disconnect, chained to the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline and unable to effectively build upon its forgotten reputation.

AARON VINACCIA M.ARCH 1

Historical Industries across the Lake District

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A A Frantic Money Pot. and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Source of Production Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate

AUTHORSHIP

HOPE BROWN Hope is an M.Arch I student currently studying at Queens University Belfast. During her Undergraduate degree at Ulster University Belfast, Hope gained experience working for The South-Eastern Trust HSC within the Projects Team for The Estates Department. This placement included minor works at Ulster Hospital’s Children Ward and onsite design, along with a masterplan scheme for Ards Hospital, Co. Down. Alongside her degree, Hope completed two courses at Belfast Metropolitan College in BIM (Revit) level 4 and AutoCad. In January 2019, Hope partook a 9-month placement in Calico Architects, a small firm consisting of four other people, working on a social housing development from design stage 1 through to stage 5; the project of 14 apartments is currently being constructed on-site, (November 2019) on the Old Holywood Road, Co. Down. From a young age, Hope has developed her creativity through watercolour and acrylic painting that has lead to CCEA excellence awards with pieces being displayed in Ards Town Hall and local newspapers, she regularly paints in her free time aside from University Work. Hope’s motivation and interest in Architecture developed through her love for art and design combined with her passionate and caring nature for humanity and animal welfare with the goal of contributing to a solution and improvement of the planet’s social and environmental issues with consideration to political and economic matters.

LEONARD CHIPAWA Leonard is currently in his final year of the master’s programme in Architecture at Queen’s University Belfast. After earning his degree in BSc Architecture from Queen’s university in 2016, he gained extensive professional experience in a Local practice. A year later he worked for pH+ a design-led architectural firm situated in London focusing on large scale mixed-use projects responding to the housing shortage in London. Additionally, to his experience in practice, he has been involved as a Queen’s university teaching assistant for undergraduate students with a focus on architectural representation. He is interested in redefining traditional architectural conceptions within a new set of global paradigms, that are more aligned to natural structures of ecology to integrate infrastructural systems within the landscape. His passion for architecture and design gravitates towards a sustainable megaregional public whose development rests on three conceptual pillars of social, environmental and economic sustainability. Leonard believes that only by interlinking and integrating economic, environmental and social ‘sustainability’ can negative synergies be exposed and arrested, positive synergies promoted and real development encouraged.

CHRIS CONNOLLY Chris has just embarked on the first year of the Masters of Architecture programme at Queen’s University Belfast. Having previously completed his undergraduate course in 2018, he graduated from the BSc Architecture Programme at Queen’s with a 2.1 honours degree. In his year placement, Chris remained in Belfast to work at White Ink Architects where he developed invaluable insights into the professional world of architecture. During this year of study, Chris helped deliver large scale residential projects within the Greater London Area, growing his technical knowledge as well as learning key architectural software skills. Chris is a keen and inquisitive student who is seeking to investigate the potential of architecture to solve complex problems the world faces today. Within the masters programme, he is passionate to develop skills that will best equip him to play his part in the fight against the current Climate Crisis.

JASON CRAWFORD Jason is an enthusiastic student currently enrolled in his final year in the Masters of Architecture program at Queen’s University Belfast. Having graduated from Queen’s University with a BSc (Hons) in Architecture and Design with first-class honours, Jason secured invaluable project exposure in architectural practices like BDP Architects in Dublin and White Ink Architects in Belfast. Jason has been involved in a wide variety of projects, most notably the St.James Paediatrics Hospital in Dublin, currently valued as the most expensive hospital in the world, as well as working on the residential masterplan scheme for Wembley in greater London. Jason is currently committed to finishing his M.Arch II and developing a successful architectural career underpinned by an interest in the nexus between technological systems, ethnical responsibilities and adaptive design in meeting the physical and ecological impacts of climate change.

KAROLINA DIMITROVA Karolina is currently in the final year of her Part II architectural education at Queen’s University Belfast. Having graduated with a BSc Arch Degree in 2016, she gained almost two years of professional experience working for design-led architectural practices like Hall McKnight, Carl Turner and Haptic Architects. Karolina has been involved in a variety of projects ranging from small pavilions and meanwhile schemes to large scale public buildings and masterplans. Additionally, she is part of the QUB ACCEPT Transitions design team, working on a collaborative research project, that addresses the problem of plastic waste and aims to develop approaches which would assist in the creation of a better Creative Circular Economy solution for Plastics. Karolina is especially interested in a telescopic design framework sliding across different scales, systems, and strategies that are no longer defined by professional or political boundaries but rather by trans-disciplinary, trans-boundary collaboration. She believes that design and architecture sit at the nexus of sustainable development. And only by considering economic, social and environmental issues can discourse have a significant and long-lasting impact.

APURVA LENGADE Apurva is a final year student in the Masters of Architecture program at Queen’s University Belfast, originally from India. After completing her bachelor’s degree in Architecture (B.Arch) from Visvesvaraya Technological University, she gained her one-year professional experience, working for architectural design practices based in India. Working with Ochre Architects India, helped her in improvising her design attempt to adapt with today’s ever-evolving urban dynamic while retaining the emotional connect with users. Coming from a different cultural background, her journey in Belfast so far, has been a great learning experience; which has enhanced her approach towards addressing complex urban issues. She is interested in exploring, the potential of the aesthetic and material responsibilities of a new ecological architecture because, in an era of climate emergency, a more radical architectural response is necessary.

DARREN LYNASS Darren is a final year student studying a Masters of Architecture at Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University Belfast. Having graduated with his BSc Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in 2017 he subsequently took an internship at Maccreanor Lavington in Rotterdam, focusing initially on a number of feasibility and massing studies. During this time he also gained experience with BIM soft ware and worked on several large scale mixed-use redevelopments in greater London. Due to his time in working on urbanism, the studios requirement of conducting investigations at a large scale was something Darren was adept to. Darren hopes to go on to help tactle the wider issues facing the industry with respect to the climate change emergency being declared this year. It is his intention to help integrate the nations built and natural environments together in new innovative ways to create a more secure future.

VALLIA PERDIKAKI Vallia is a sociable, passionate and energetic student originally from Athens, Greece. After finishing school she moved to England where she graduated in 2017 in architecture at the University of Plymouth. After graduating Vallia travelled throughout Europe including the Balkans in order to obtain personal knowledge and experience before undertaking work in practice. In 2018 Vallia worked independently as an illustrator and graphic designer for an Athenian punk band called Bootstroke, in which she assisted in producing their artwork and album covers. She has also worked as a self-taught photographer and attended several events through a commission that were mainly located around Cornwall. In April of 2019, she worked as a graphic designer for Limitless Solutions Ltd that was located in Plymouth, Devon. Her experience in graphics and media have developed her design and representation skills, confidence, and passion for drawing. More recently Vallia has worked on illustrating public advertisements with the city council and also with the private sector. Vallia is also involved in political and social activism and is driven to completing her RIBA Part II at Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University Belfast and developing a successful career.

JAMES McMONAGE James is currently in the final year of his Master of Architecture at Queens University Belfast. After completing his BSc in Architecture he gained valuable experience in both the public and private sectors. James has worked on projects ranging in scale, from large private homes to large infrastructure, mainly hospitals. James has had the opportunity to work on designs for new special treatment centres and large engineering systems in healthcare. As part of the Estates Projects Team, he was directly involved in the managed maintenance and daily running of critical hospitals locations in Northern Ireland. These roles gave him great insight into many stages of the RIBA Plan of Works as he prepares for his part three. James is especially interested in the complexity of global systems and how they impact on the social, environmental, economic, and political landscape and how these systems need to change and adapt to deal with future global consequences.

PHILIP RICHARDSON Philip is currently an M.Arch I in the Masters of Architecture program at Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University Belfast. After completing his BSc in Architecture from Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University in 2018, he was given the opportunity to work for LOM Architecture and Design in London for a year, being granted the opportunity to design projects independently alongside large scale commercial projects across the globe, from the United Kingdom to Bangkok. He is interested in learning and responding to some of the worlds most pressing environmental, social and economic issues specifically within the agricultural industry and understanding ways in which to adapt to the pressing issues through a viarity of innovative technologies to generate new sustainable agricultural based systems of design.

RIANE SAMIR Riane is a final year student in the Masters of Architecture program at Queen’s University Belfast. After earning his BSc Arch from Queen’s University in 2017, he has gained a year of extensive experience working for White Ink Architects on multi-million pound commercial and residential schemes in London. He is interested in the constantly evolving problems of society and how Architecture can be used as a powerful & adaptive solution to the complex ever-changing needs of society.

JESSICA SCOTT Jessica is currently enrolled in her first year of Masters of Architecture at Queen’s University, Belfast. After graduating in 2017 with a BSc (Hons) in Architecture from Queen’s, she completed two years of valuable and professional experience as a Part I Architecture Assistant, firstly, working for Isherwood + Ellis in Belfast before moving to London to work for PRP Architects. During her placements, Jessica was exposed to a wide range of practical and design challenges, helping her to achieve significant professional experience. Jessica worked on a variety of projects within the educational and residential sectors located throughout the UK for clients including the Education Authority, NIFRS, Taylor Wimpey and Transport for London (TfL). Jessica’s enthusiasm for design is motivated by places and their inhabitants and is particularly intrigued by how architectural strategies can be implemented within current society to deal with the climate crisis as well as cultural, social and ethical injustice.

AARON VINACCIA Aaron Vinaccia studied BSc Architecture at Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University Belfast, demonstrating a keen interest in the historical fabric of places and culturally sensitive architectural responses through his projects. After graduating in 2017, he moved to Lincolnshire for work experience in an architectural office. Here he worked for fifteen months at a small student-led design team at Hill Holt Wood, specialising in environmentally sustainable architectural work, community education programmes in building with alternative materials, and graphic design. This work further developed his love for the environment; he is passionate about how architecture can mitigate the damage already caused to our climate and hopes to specialise in developing new solutions to this pressing emergency in the coming years. Aaron moved back to Northern Ireland in April and joined the M.Arch programme at Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s promptly after. He hopes to broaden his understanding of designing sustainably over the next two years and is excited to return to practice shortly.

A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper LowDensity Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital.A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Frantic Money Pot. Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Source of Production and Exchange. An Early Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that between Sovereignties A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. An Intersection for Productive and Consumptive Territories.The Financescape: The Disposition and Flow of Global Capital. A Recreational Importer of People. An Aesthetic Landscape Driven by an Unsustainable Agricultural System. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and CounterIdeologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate balance between Nature and Industry. A Suffering Place of Mining Contamination in a Picturesque Landscape. Polluted, Congested and Inaccessible. Delicately Held. A Mirco-Grid Market. A Gateway to Reimagining Traditional Forms of Architecture in a shifting Geo-Technological Landscape. The Mediascape: Image focussed Flows of News and Information. A Face for a Hidden System with many Unknowns. The Bioscape: The Flow of Living Organisms. The Exploitation of Nature. Shaped by speeds of movement and facilitated by Transport, Water and Communication Infrastructure. The Lake District is a Progressive Flooding Mechanism, Exhibited in Time and only Temporarily Stable. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. The Policyscape: Intersection of Borders, Wealth, Land Ownership and Contestation of Resources. A Distributed Independent Resilient Network. The Climoscape: The Change of Climate over Time. A False Romantic Attraction of William Wordsworth and Beatrix Potter. The Nutriscape: The Flow of Food between Producer and Consumer. A Frantic Money Pot prioritising Tourism over Environmental Ecology. An Environmental War Zone. A Commercialised Woodland. A Place of Opportunity. A Landscape of Economic and Environmental Potential. The Ethnoscape: The Landscape of People who move. A Transient Agar Plate of Literary interest in Nature. Defined by Flows of People, Goods, Culture and Ideas. The Technoscape: The Movement of Mechanical and Informational Technologies between Places. A Hybridised Source of Production and Exchange. A Precursor to Modern Consumer Culture. A Place of Hyper Low-Density Urbanism. Defined by the arrival of the Tourist, concealing Inequalities and Displacement of Wealth within its Occupants. The Ideoscape: The Ideologies of States and Counter-Ideologies that Flow between Sovereignties. A Human Natural Landscape, Linear in its Fabric whose Fibres are Fraying. A delicate

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RIANE SAMIR

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HOPE BROWN

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LEONARD CHIPAWA

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HOPE BROWN

DARREN LYNASS

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JESSICA SCOTT

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APURVA LENGADE

GRASMERE:

GRIZEDALE:

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DARREN LYNASS

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KENDAL:

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KAROLINA DIMITROVA

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JAMES McMONAGLE

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VALLIA PERDIKAKI

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JESSICA SCOTT

SELLAFIELD:

STAVELEY:

Gordon MacKerron, University of Sussex (7 Apr 2016) Britain is sending a huge nuclear waste shipment to America. Why?, Available at: https://www. theregister.co.uk/2016/04/07/britain_is_sending_a_huge_nuclear_waste_ consignment_to_america_why/ (Accessed: 16.10.19).

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Richard Westcott (27 March 2013) Did Dr Beeching get it wrong with his railway cuts 50 years ago?, Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk21938349 (Accessed: 10.10.19). Adam Vaughan The Guardian (15 Dec 2018) Sellafield, former star of the nuclear age, scrubs up for a different future, Available at: https://www. theguardian.com/business/2018/dec/15/sellafield-thorp-reprocessinguranium-hazard-cleanup (Accessed: 21.10.19). BBC News (2016) Guide to UK nuclear power, Available at: http:// news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456932/html/(Accessed: 16.10.19).BBC News (Feb 2015) ‘Half of UK people’ will get cancer, Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-31096218 (Accessed: 27.10.19). British Nuclear Industry (2019) Sellafield Mag, Available at: https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/642477/Issue_7_Magazine_med.pdf(Accessed: 15.10.19). Cancer Care (2019) Cancer Care in the Lake District, Available at: https:// www.cancercare.org.uk/ (Accessed: 13.11.19). Chris Busby (20th March 2017) iller ‘hot particle’: Sellafield coast ‘like Chernobyl and Fukushima exclusion zones’, Available at: https:// theecologist.org/2017/mar/20/killer-hot-particle-sellafield-coastchernobyl-and-fukushima-exclusion-zones (Accessed: 05.10.19). Cumbria Observatory (2019) Cumbria Observatory, Available at: https:// www.cumbriaobservatory.org.uk/ (Accessed: 01.10.19). David Pepper (2019) Politics and Planning the Nuclear State, Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/ (Accessed: 05.10.19) Geoffrey Greenhalgh (September 2017) A Review of the Windscale Inquiry and Subsequent Developments, Available at: https://www.iaea.org/sites/ default/files/20604890208.pdf (Accessed: 10.10.19). Good Energy (2017) Do you know where your energy comes from?, Available at: https://www.goodenergy.co.uk/energy-miles/#targetText=The%20 UK%20imports%20coal%20from,deal%20with%20waste%20and%20 pollution. (Accessed: 21.10.19).

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JASON CRAWFORD

Choudhary, K.K., Kumar, A. and Singh, A.K (2019) Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems: Current Challenges and Adaptation, Varanasi, India: Woodhead Publishing. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (2019) The Future Farming and Environment Evidence Compendium, Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-futurefarmingandenvironment-evidence-compendium-latest-edition (Accessed: 10th November 2019). Farooq, M. and Siddique, K. (2015) Conservation Agriculture, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Oberdeck, R. and Parham, G. (2013) Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change , New York: Nova. Roser, M. and Ritchie, H. (2019) Fertilizers, Available at: https://ourworldindata.org (Accessed: 15th November 2019). Zhang, L., Yan, C.,Guo, Q., Zhang,J. and Menijivar, J. (2018) ‘The impact of agricultural chemical inputs on environment: global evidence from informetrics analysis and visualization’, International Journal of LowCarbon Technologies, 13(4), pp. 338-352.

PHILIP RICHARDSON Photograph Source: John Siddle The Sun (July 2019) NUCLEAR FEAR Security scares at Sellafield nuclear waste plant raise fears of disaster ‘worse then Chernobyl, Available at: https://www.google.com/search?q=sellafield&client=msandroid-tmobile-gb&prmd=mniv&sxsrf=ACYBGNSOrmBh4TCzmZu sUboNLuCO-79IKg:1574455099917&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&v ed=2ahUKEwjmxcen1v7lAhWfRBUIHVsjB3kQ_AUoA3oECA8QAw&b iw=360&bih=654#imgrc=e5bzFlkLu3Br-M&imgdii=FEsCIbS-VRb2wM (Accessed: 18.11.19).

JAMES McGONAGLE

102

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RIANE SAMIR

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Marshall, J.D., Davies-Shiel, M. (1969) The industrial archaeology of the lake counties, Exeter: David & Charles. McKeever, R., Layfield, J. (2006) The industrial archaeology of South Ulverston, 2nd edn., Ulverston: Furness Peninsula Press. Joy, D. (1973) Railways of the lake counties, Skipton: Dalesman. Capita Symonds (2005) Ulverston canal head and canal corridor masterplan, Available at: southlakeland.gov.uk/media/1477/excil_es1b-ulverston-canalhead-masterplan.pdf (Accessed: 27th November 2019). Rollinson, W. (1967) A history of man in the Lake District, London: Dent.

AARON VINACCIA

SAS

Studio Architettura Superleggera

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