SCIN 136 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions http://www.tutorialsguider.com/downloads/scin-136-midterm-exam-all-possiblequestions/
SCIN 136 Midterm Exam All Possible Questions Question 1 Early voyagers used a variety of observations to help guide them including: A. their sense of smell B. cloud formations C. the appearance of more birds D. the direction of waves E. all of the above Question 2 The scientific theory about the formation of the oceans is that they first formed from (the original source of the water): A. Magma displacements. B. comet impacts C. degassing of the early Earth D. all of the above E. both b and c Question 3 Besides the Navy the primary organizations who carry out “classified” A. The U.N. B. Green Peace C. Sierra Club D. Oil companies. E. Boeing F. the banking industry Question 4 One use today of the Navy’s SOSUS System is to monitor________ to prevent loss of life. A. dumping of waste in the oceans B. tsunamis C. fish populations D. oil drilling
E. tidal cycles F. surfing championships Question 5 The two types of technology that are mostly used to monitor deep-water oil drilling and to locate and recover deep shipwrecks are: A. AUV’s and compasses B. ROV’s and Side-scan sonar C. GPS and radar D. Chronometers and sextants E. B.P. stock price forecasts and FEMA bureaucrats. Question 6 The reason that ancient sailors had trouble calculating their LONGITUDE is that they did not have reliable A. sextants B. astrolabes C. clocks D. compasses E. all of the above Question 7 Our Sun is but one of billions of stars in the ________ galaxy. A. Andromeda B. Milky Way C. Almond Joy D. Nebular E. Ursa Major Question 8 Earth is approximately how old? A.2500 years B.120 million years C.4.6 billion years D.8.4 billion years E.10 billion years F. It is a tie with Larry King. Question 9 The determination of the age of rocks by studying the decay of isotopes is called:
A. carbon-14 dating B. relative dating C. radiometric dating D. absolute dating E. internet dating F. Face book dating Question 10 The boundaries or eras of geologic time units were first set by noting: A. which rock units were found on top of others B. the appearance and disappearance of fossils C. changes in the predominant color of the rocks D. the location of major faults E. the variable location of the water table F. They just asked Larry King. Question 11 This is another term for Greenwich Mean Time. Think also of the military version. A.ZULU time B. standard time C. Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) D. all of the above E. a and c above Question 12 Earth rotates ______ degrees of longitude each hour. Thus this is roughly equal to one time zone. A.10 B.12 C.15 D.30 E.60 Question 13 Which is the largest of the oceans? A. The Atlantic B. The Southern C. The Indian D. The Pacific E. the Arctic
Question 14 The largest region of the Earth in terms of its volume is the: A. crust B. mantle C. outer core D. inner core E. lithosphere F. the current Federal deficeit Question 15 The reason the continents stick up higher than the ocean basins is that: A. continents are basalt, ocean floors are quartzite B. continents are granite, ocean floors are serpentine C. the mantle pushes harder under continents D. continents drain water, ocean floor rock absorbs it E. continents are granite, ocean floors are basalt F. the core bulges under continents Question 16 The Theory of Plate Tectonics was first proposed by: A. Issac Hayes B. Francis Bacon C. Alfred Wegener D. Frank Taylor E. Edward Suess F. It was created by CNN on a slow news day. Question 17 About 250 million years ago there was a single landmass we call: A. Laurasia B Panthalassa C. Pangea D. Gondwanaland E. Tethys Question 18 At various times in the Earth’s history, North America has been part of which “supercontinent”? A. La-La Land/Oz B. Laurasia
C. Gondwanaland D. Pangea E. a and c F. b and d G. a, b, and c Question 19 Among the evidence Wegener used to support his ideas was: A. similar old mountain ranges on different continents B. similar fossils older than 150 million years on different continents C. the fit of continental coastlines D. all of the above E. b and c only F. he’d seen it on a Fox News panel discussion. Question 20 The MAJOR force or mechanism driving plate movements would be:___________________. Thus an earthquake can occur anywhere on Earth. A. convection cells in the mantle B. tidal forces pulling on ocean water C. rotational forces D. gravitational forces acting at trenches and ridges due to crustal rock densities E. a and c Question 21 The site down INSIDE the Earth where an earthquake/seismic event begins is called the: A. Epicenter B. Mantle C. Outer Core D. Focus Question 22 Spreading rates for plates are on the order of: A. 1 – 10 mm/yr B. 1 – 20 cm/yr C. 1 – 10 km/yr D. 20 – 30 cm/yr E. 40 – 50 mm/yr Question 23
Besides paleomagnetism one of the largest sets of “proof� for plate tectonics are: A. distribution of fossils B. radioactivity in surface rocks C. world-wide tidal cycles D. variance of water depths E. all of the above Question 24 Japan, the Marinas, Gilbert and other areas near the deep sea trenchs are called: A. mid-ocean ridge systems B. table mounts C. spreading zones D. rift valleys E. island arcs Question 25 The scientific justification for burying radioactive waste in the trenches is that: A. the water is already radioactive B. the waste will be carried back into the radioactive mantle by plate movement C. cold sea water neutralizes radioactivity D. it is cheap and easy E. it will help deep sea fish glow in the dark F. all of the above Question 26 The life span of a hot spot is thought to be about __________ years. A. 100,000 B. 1 million C. 20 million D. 200 million E. 1 billion Question 27 A good example of a hot spot is: A. Hawaii B. Iceland C. Yellowstone D. Tahiti E. a and c Question 28
Which of the following places are part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge? A. Azores B. Greenland C. Gibraltar D. Iceland E .both a and d Question 29 Which of the following locations is LEAST likely to have a major earthquake due to its location? A. Chile B. Iran C. New Zealand D. Australia Question 30 The place where seismic/earthquake waves come to the surface and is thus usually the center of rthe damage area and gets reported in the news is called the: A. focus B. Moho C. epicenter D. fault line E. fracture zone Question 31 Deep-sea volcanic vents are called: A. subduction zones B. island arcs C. atolls D. ridge systems E. black smokers Question 32 Bermuda is an example of what oceanographers call: A. a barrier island B. a volcano C. a ridge system D. a tablemount/seamount
E. a rift valley F. home of pink police vehicles Question 33 The deepest point in the oceans is found in the A. Middle America Trench B. Java Trench C. Mariana Trench D. Mid-Atlantic Ridge E. Aleutian Trench Question 34 Which of the following has the greatest influence on the pattern of sediment distribution on the ocean floor? A. Wave action and tides. B. Weather systems and storms. C. Ocean floor rock types. D. Distance from land-masses. Question 35 An underwater mudslide down the continental slope is called a: A. turbidity current B. circumpolar current C. gyre D. Agulhas current E. Eckman spiral Question 36 Manganese nodules are found MOSTLY (the main source) in the deep areas of which of the following oceans? A. Atlantic B. Arctic C. Pacific D. Indian E. Both a and b F. Both c and d G. All of the oceans listed above Question 37 The reason that manganese nodules are found in large quantities in the central Pacific and Indian Oceans is:
A. Pacific water is warmer than any other ocean area. B. the North Pacific Gyre concentrates the material there C. since the material precipitates very slowly out of seawater it’s the only area far enough from land where they do not get covered up by terrigenous sediments. D. Pacific and Indian Ocean waters have a higher concentration of manganese than water in the other oceans. E. because that’s where the U.N. said they should be. Question 38 The Law of the Sea Treaty was proposed by: A. U.S. Congress B. Green Peace C. the Kremlin (Putin & Co.) D. the U.N. E. the Vactican Question 39 The UNCLOS Treaty contains provisions that cover which of the following? A. Seabed mining B. Treasure salvage C .Right of passage for ships D. Fishing boundaries E. All of the above Question 40 The Hadal Zone is found at which of the following oceanic features? A. Abyssal plains B. Continental Slope C. Continental Shelf D. Trenches Question 41 The average salinity of the oceans is about ______ 0/000. A. 35 B. 30 C. 37 D. 28 E. 18 F. the same as the stuff Donald Trump sprays on his comb-over hair. Question 42
Deep water is often rich in: A. dissolved gas B. plant life C. nutrients D. all of the above E. a and c Question 43 The density of seawater increases with: A. increasing salinity B. increasing temperature C. decreasing pressure D. decreasing temperature E. a and d Question 44 Which of these physical forces travels the greatest distance in seawater? A. light penetration B. sound waves C. electric current D. magnetic forces Question 45 Changes in the density of seawater are caused mostly by changes in: A. temperature B. pressure C. salinity D. all of the above E.a and c Question 46 Oxygen is put into seawater primarily by the process of: A. Chemosynthesis B. Respiration C. Upwelling D. Photosynthesis Question 47 The main reasons that there is an increase in oxygen in deep ocean water is that: A. there is more photosynthesis than respiration B. there are few animals at depth and cold water can hold more oxygen
C. more volcanic activity and sediment deposition D. warmer water near the vents and less sediment deposition E. all of the above F .the Disney creatures that live down there have been told not to breath. Question 48 Which of these is the major cause of the layering of the water column in the different “zones” of the oceans? A. differences in water density caused by temperature and salinity B. the shape of the oceans floor in different areas C. plate movement which disturbs the water column D. the differences in sedimentation rates in different areas of the oceans Question 49 Which of these places has the highest albedo? A. The Congo B. The Australian Outback C. Siberian tiaga D. The lava fields of the Big Island of Hawaii E. Antarctica F. The Jersey Shore Question 50 The worst season (when they would be the greatest hazard) for icebergs in the North Atlantic would be: A. Spring B. Fall C. Winter D. Summer E. Holiday Shopping F. football Question 51 Which of the following countries owns a large territory that gives it considerable coastline on the Arctic Ocean? A. Sweden B .Denmark C. Britain D .Korea E. China
Question 52 Icebergs float with only about ______ percent of their mass above water. A.5 B.12 C.18 D.25 E.30 Question 53 The main interest by countries competing in the Arctic Ocean is: A. undersea oil exploration B. underwater cable laying C. deep-sea mining operations for metal-sulfides from black smokers D. fish resource research E. beach resort development Question 54 Which of the following navigation instruments WOULD NOT work well in the Arctic? A.GPS B. Astrolade C. Sextant D. Loran E. Compass Question 55 Continentality causes: A. hurricanes B. moderate air temperature changes winter to summer C. extreme air temperature changes winter to summer D. typhoons E. extremely high humidity Question 56 The maximum seasonal change in sea surface temperature, which occurs anywhere in the world ocean is about: A. 0 to 2 C B. 1 to 2 째C C. 2 to 5 째C D. 5 to 8째C
E. 15 to 20 °C F.12 to 14 °C Question 57 In which of these places maximum seasonal change in sea surface temperature, would be seen? A. off of California B. off of Maine C. off of Tahiti D. off of North & South Carolina E. off of Alaska F. off of Hawaii Question 58 The Coriolis Effect is caused by: A. the pull of Sun and Moon’s gravity B. tectonic plate movements C. revolution of the Earth around the Sun D. rotation of the Earth. E. party power shifts in Congress. Question 59 The Coriolis effect: A. is maximum at the equator B. is zero at the poles C. causes all objects in motion to be deflected due to the Earth’s rotation. D. all of the above E. none of the above Question 60 The areas of constant high air pressure on land most likely result in what type of climate in these areas? A. tiaga forests B. dense swamps like the Everglades C. tropical rainforests D. deserts and grasslands E. temperate rainforests like the Olympic Peninsula Question 61 The continential United States (the Lower 48) lies in the _________ prevailing wind belt.
A. Trade Winds B. Polar Easterlies C. Doldrums D. Westerlies Question 62 The region of rising air at the Equator is called the: A. horse latitudes B. equatorial high pressure belt C. doldrums D. monsoon E. prevailing westerlies Question 63 A strong wind at high LATITUDES that influences weather patterns is called (can bring really frigid weather in winter): A. the jet stream B. the easterlies C. the upper air monsoon D. a typhoon E. none of the above Question 64 In the vicinity of Hawaii, the Trade Winds blow: A. From the west towards the east B. From the northwest towards the southeast C. From the northeast towards the southwest D .From the east towards the west E. From the south towards the north Question 65 Hurricanes and typhoons cannot cross the Equator due to: A. lack of heat energy in that area B. strong surface ocean currents C. lack of Coriolis spin at O-degrees latitude D. strong seismic forces in that area E. severe emotional depression leading to the lack of will to do so. Question 66 Hurricane season in most years in the North Atlantic is from:
A. May-Aug B. Dec-Mar C. Jul-Jan D. Jun-Nov E. Feb-Jul F. just when your Time-Share is available Question 67 The seasonal wind changes that create the wet and dry seasons for South Asia due to the winds blowing from the ocean or towards the ocean and thus affect the food supply for millions of people are called: A. rain shadow B. monsoons C. advective winds D. doldrums E. all of the above Question 68 Tornadoes develop from which of the following weather phenomenon? A. Squall-lines of thunderstorms B. Nor’ Easters C. High Pressure Systems D. Trade Winds E. Polar Easterly Winds Question 69 Which of the following modes of transportation causes the greatest exposure to short-wave ionizing radiation? A. Ship and barge transport B. Railroads C. Airlines D. Trucking E. Private cars Question 70 Which of the following events would have the largest and most long-lasting impact upon the Peruvian upwelling? A. An earthquake off of Japan with a resulting tsunami. B. A typhoon hitting Australia.
C. El Nino D. A turbidity current off of Malaysia Question 71 Which of the following navigational routes might become a major shipping route due to possible climate change? A. The Panama Canal B. The Suez Canal C. The Strait of Hormuz D. The Northwest Passage E. Drakes Passage Question 72 Which of the following navigational routes and its sea-lanes is currently the most problematic due to piracy? A. The Panama Canal B. The Suez Canal C. The Greenland-Iceland Gap D. The Northwest Passage E. Drakes Passage Question 73 El Niño effects which of these phenomenon: A. volcanic eruptions B. weather patterns C. tidal cycles D. photosynthesis E. plate movements Question 74 The El Nino cycles seem to occur every (how often do the occur): A.1 – 2 years B.3-7 years C. 8- 10 years D. 11- 15years E. 20 – 30 years Question 75 La Niña weather patterns are associated with which of the following? A. unusually cold surface water in the eastern tropical Pacific B. unusually strong trade winds
C. dry conditions over western South America D. wet conditions in the western Pacific basin E. all of the above/all weather phenomenon cited above F. higher divorce rates among Hollywood stars