THE VALUES OF WAI

2.1 The importance of Wai To Ngāti Tama

2.2 The sacred home of Huriawa

2.3 The doorway of Te Waikoropupū

2.4 Measuring the changing hauora of wai

This resource is bilingual and will help to introduce new reo Māori kupu (Māori words) to students and teachers.

All reo Māori has been translated in brackets throughout the resource and reinforced in an easy to navigate Glossary found at the back of the resource. This teaching resource has included a more in-depth glossary to assist with better understanding and comprehension.

Te Āwhina Marae Te Āwhina Marae lies in the shadow of two maunga (mountain), Pukeone and Tūao Wharepapa. The wharekai (dining room) Hūrae was opened in 1958 Te Āwhina and Te Āhurewa Church was built in 1897. Te Āwhina whare (meeting house) Tūrangāpeke was opened in 1990 and connects ancestrally to the waka Tainui, Tokomaru and the awa (rivers) Motueka and Riuwaka.

This section is designed to place Ngāti Tama within a wider context of their journey to Aotearoa, from Hāwaiki. This section touches lightly on Ngāti Tama engagement with the New Zealand Company and European settlements, and Ngāti Tama losing their lands and homes in Te Tauihu. Moving forward to the present day Ngāti Tama reclaiming some of what was lost through their Waitangi Treaty Settlement.

Learning Outcomes:

• Ngāti Tama’s migration story from Hāwaiki under Tamaariki then onto Te Tauihu under paramount chief Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi.

• An overview of the impact of British Laws and colonisation what led to Ngāti Tama Treaty claims in the present day and a historical timeline of key events in the history of Ngāti Tama.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• OUR HISTORY A detailed account of the history of Ngāti Tama, its leaders, significant sites, engagements with European settlers, NZ Company and the confiscation of lands.

• TREATY CLAIM The treaty claims process Ngāti Tama went through to get recognition for their historic grievances.

• Minister of Treaty Negotiations, Hon Chris Finlayson speech at the Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu Deed of Settlement Signing.

• Ngāti Tama chairman lead Treaty negotiator, Fred Te Miha response speech to the Minister Hon Chris Finlayson at the Ngāti Tama Treaty signing.

• Ngāti Tama Deed of Settlement & Post-Settlement Governance Entity.

• Key elements of the Deed of Settlement between Ngāti Tama and the Crown.

Section 1.2: Tūpuna: Ngāti Tama’s last customary chief

Learning Outcomes:

• Exploring the adventures and achievements of Ngāti Tama paramount chief, Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi, and the integral role he played in the many migrations of Ngāti Tama from Taranaki to Te Tauihu and asserting his mana (authority) over his lands.

• Conceptualising Te Pūoho’s status as a high chieftain, borne from his whakapapa (genealogy), tohunga (expertise), and skills as a waka navigator and leading many heke (migrations)

Additional and supplementary resources:

• A detailed Ngāti Tama account of the life and adventures of Te Pūoho ki Te Rangi

Learning Outcomes:

• Understanding the connection Ngāti Tama have to their significant sites such as pā (fortified sites), kāinga (homes)and marae and the value these spaces hold to Māori.

• Locate Ngāti Tama’s prominent marae, maunga (mountains), awa (rivers), puna (springs) and roto (lakes) in Te Tauihu

• Learn about the role that maunga (mountains), whenua (lands), awa and puna (springs) play in Māori life as a source of life and connection to the living world.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• Ngāti Tama affiliated marae in Te Tauihu

This section gives a holistic approach to Ngāti Tama’s connection to wai (water). This section beings to explore the importance of wai to Māori, and how the springs connects Ngāti Tama whānau to their tūpuna (ancestors) and is a representation of the ‘life force’ and health of whānau who live around the Springs.

Learning Outcomes:

• Explore the spiritual and physical link Ngāti Tama have with the Springs, and how that link connects whānau to ancestors through the stories, taniwha, and practices.

• Understand that the purity of Te Waikoropupū Springs is a reflection of the health and wellbeing of those who live around the Springs, these are intrinsically linked.

• Learn of the many uses of the water of Te Waikoropupū, and the many forms of water in the world, all for different purposes.

Learning Outcomes:

• Conceptualise Ngāti Tama’s rights over the area of Te Waikoropupū through their connection to kaitiaki taniwha Huriawa. She is the protective guardian of the Springs and its waters, as recognised by Ngāti Tama.

• Explore the abilities of the mythical taniwha Huriawa, and her role as caretaker of the waterways and her abilities to clear the many underwater caverns made of sandstone.

* Students can create a play using Huriawa the puppet and retell the story of Huriawa.

* Look at the artworks of Robin Slow. His style may influence your artwork if you paint a backdrop for your play?

• Through the stories of Huriawa, Ngāti Tama can connect directly with their tūpuna (ancestors).

Additional and supplementary resources:

• ‘Huriawa He kōrero nō Mohua’, a book written by Nuki Tākao and illustrated by Robin Slow

Reo Māori version available in print form. Translations available from Ngāti Tama - supplied as a pdf.

Learning Outcomes:

• Explore the whare (building) and pou (boundary posts) that stand at the entry of Te Waikoropupū Springs. Learn about the significance of the pou and their connection to strong female deities and their connection to the Springs.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• DOC Interpretation panels that are displayed at the entry way of the springs. These panels provide information about the history of the springs, their connection to manawhenua iwi (iwi of authority) and the biodiversity there.

Learning Outcomes:

• Learn how Ngāti Tama monitor the health of Springs from a Te Ao Māori (Māori world view) perspective using Mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge).

• Conceptualise the connection between Māori deities (gods), their roles and how we connect this to the Cultural Health measuring tools.

• Learn about Mātauranga Māori tools that can be used to measure the health of the Springs. A combination of scientific tools and holistic tools. The integration of Matauranga Māori and Western Science.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• Matauranga Report for the Water Conservation Order Hearings. Outlining the cultural significance of the Tākaka Catchments and associated expectations for the management of ngā taonga (treasured resources), within the context of an integrated catchment management approach.

• This is a series of video novellas designed to re-tell the traditional stories of Māori people and Māori gods in an innovative and contemporary format.

* The Māori Gods - Book One: The Beginning of the Universe (English). Learn about Tāwhirimātia, Tūmatauenga, Tāne Māhuta, Ruamoko in the creation story.

* The Māori Gods, Book Four – Tāne and the Baskets of Knowledge. The story of Tāne and his journey to Tikitiki-o-Rangi to fetch the Three Baskets of Knowledge and the Two Sacred Stones, Rehutai and Hukatai.

• Video of NIWA freshwater scientists completing monitoring the ultra-clear water of the Te Waikoropupū Springs. This has confirmed the visual clarity is, at times, just short of the theoretical maximum for pure water.

This section takes learners on a journey through the modern history of Te Waikoropupū. Different settlers, farmers and ownership of lands in and around the Springs had an impact on the mauri (life force) and hauora (health) of the Springs. Mana whenua utilised relationships with owners, local government and central government to protect the Springs over time.

Learning Outcomes:

• Go on a journey to learn about the role of umbrella organisation Manawhenua ki Mohua and what they have been doing since the arrival of settlers to protect the springs.

• Learn about the kaitiaki role Manawhenua ki Mohua have held over the past 200 years in protecting the Springs Wāhi Tapu status.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• Historic Places Act 1993 – Where Te Waikoropupū was registered as a wāhi tapu

Learning Outcomes:

• Learn about the farming, gold mining and tourism practices in and around the Springs since the 1850s. This timeline will help to understand the impacts these activities have had on the health and water quality of the Springs and surrounding areas.

• Commercial activities of the springs were proposed with little to no foresight of the environmental impacts these could have on the Springs.

• Manawhenua ki Mohua and Ngāti Tama exercise their role as kaitiaki by stopping commercial and recreational activities that will have negative impact on the health of the springs.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the steps Ngāti Tama have taken to legally protect the Springs with a Water Conservation Order.

• Get an overview of how a WCO can protect the Springs from commercialisation, farming, ownership and recreational activities.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• An application for a Water Conservation Order for Te Waikoropupū Springs and associated water bodies was lodged with the Minister for the Environment.

• Special Tribunals Recommendation Report

• Environment Protection Agency: Progress on Te Waikoropupū’s WCO

This section explores the science and biodiversity of the Springs and supports the knowledge Ngāti Tama tūpuna has passed down through generations. This section explains the water cycle of the wai (water) that feed into the Springs. This section also explores the micro-organisms, animals and plants that live within the Springs that all contribute to keeping the mauri (life force) and hauora (health) of the Springs.

Learning Outcomes:

• Learn about the water cycle of Te Waikoropupū Springs and where the water comes from; rain, Tākaka river and the Uplands of Tākaka Valley.

• Learn how the geography of Tākaka landscape and underground divert water and create water systems that flow into the Springs and a submarine springs.

• Understanding how the water process and the time needed for water to travel has an impact on the health and clarity of the water.

Additional and supplementary resources:

• Visual images from NIWA exploring the underwater of Te Waikoropupū Springs. NIWA scientist Mark Gall used a GoPro camera to film the deployment of the monitoring instruments

Learning Outcomes:

• Learn about some of the different species that call Te Waikoropupū home, with some only found in the Springs and nowhere else

Additional and supplementary resources:

• This 2018 Environmental Management Plan highlights Ngāti Tama aspirations for managing ancestral whenua, awa, wāhi tapu and wāhi taonga including the Springs.

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This section provides Ngāti Tama waiata and karakia that illustrate our connection to Te Waikoropupū Springs

Learning Outcomes:

• Learn and practice Ngāti Tama waiata and karakia

• Additional and supplementary resources:

• Audio of waiata and karakia

Additional and supplementary resources:

• Waikoropupū

• Hutia te Rito

Learn and practice pronunciation of kupu. Make your own glossary, add new kupu and illustrate it!

• Kupu Hou pronunciation

Ahi kā - burning fires of occupation, continuous occupation - title to land through occupation by a group, generally over a long period of time

Ākonga - student, pupil, learner

Aotearoa - Land of the Long White Cloudnow used as the Māori name for New Zealand

Atua - ancestor with continuing influence, god, supernatural being, deity

Awa - river, stream, creek, canal

Hapū - kinship, tribe, subtribe

Hauora - be fit, well, healthy, vigorous, in good spirits

Hāwaiki - Māori ancient homeland - the places from which Māori migrated to Aotearoa

Heke - to migrate, move

Hine Tū Ahoanga - A Maōri deity, the ancestress of stone

Huriawa - The protective guardian of Te Waikoropupū Springs

Kai - food

Kāinga - home, address, residence, village, settlement

Kaitiaki - guardian, caregiver, keeper, steward

Kaitiaki taniwha - often regarded as protective guardians by local people

Kaitiaki/Kaitiakitanga - guardian, caregiver, keeper, steward

Kānuka - white tea-tree, Kunzea ericoides - leaves similar to mānuka but soft to touch

Mahinga kai - a garden, cultivation, food-gathering place

Mana - to be legal, effectual, binding, authoritative, valid

Mana whenua - territorial rights, power from the land, authority over land or territory

Manawhenua ki Mohua - Locals with ancestral links to Golden bay and have territorial rights, power from the land, authority over land or territory

Manu - bird - any winged creature including bats, cicadas, butterflies, etc

Mānuka - Tea-tree, Leptospermum scoparium - a common native scrub bush with aromatic, prickly leaves and many small, white, pink or red flowers

Marae - courtyard - the open area in front of the wharenui, where formal greetings and discussions take place. Often also used to include the complex of buildings around the marae

Mātauranga Māori - Māori knowledge - the body of knowledge originating from Māori ancestors, including the Māori world view and perspectives, Māori creativity and cultural practices

Maui - a deity in Māori creation stories who is credited with many feats including fishing up the North Island of NZ who fished up the North Island of New Zealand

Mauri - life force, vital essence, a material symbol of a life principle, source of emotions - the essential quality and vitality of a being or entity

Ngā Rauru - tribal group of the Waitōtara-Whanganui area

Ngahere - bush, forest

Ngāi Tahu - a tribal group of much of the South Island, called Kāi Tahu bythe southern tribes

Ngārara - insect, creepy-crawly, reptile

Ngararuru - one of five co-captains on the waka Tokomaru that sailed from Hāwaiki to Aotearoa

Ngāti Rārua - tribal group based in the Top of the South Island, and trace their roots to Kāwhia, Marakopa and Waikawau in the Waikato.

Ngāti Tama - tribal group based in the Top of the South Island, who migrated from Taranaki and settled in parts of Te Tauihu.

Ngāti Toa - tribal group based in the Southern North Island and parts of the Top of the South Island, who migrated from Kapiti with Te Rauparaha

Pā - fortified Māori village

Papatūānuku - Māori deity, the earth mother and wife of Ranginui - all living things originate from them

Pou whenua - post marker of ownership, boundary marker, land marker post Puna - a spring (of water)

Rākaihautū - Captain of the Uruaokapurangi canoe that migrated Māori in much of the South Island. He brought the Waitaha traditions and bloodlines to the South Island