Is Hubal The Same As Allah?
[78] "Hubal" in M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, T. W. Arnold, W. Heffening & E. Lévi-Provençal (Eds.), The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1927, Volume II, E. J. Brill Ltd.: Leyden & Luzac & Co.: London, p. 327. [79] S. Noja, "Hubal = Allah", Rendiconti: Istituto Lombardo Accademia Di Scienze E Lettere, 1994, Volume 128, pp. 283-295. As for a less-than-sophisticated argument of associating Hubal with Ba•al, Khairat al-Saleh says: Hubal was associated with the Semitic god Ba‘l and with Adonis or Tammuz, the gods of spring, fertility, agriculture and plenty.
See K. Al-Saleh, Fabled Cities, Princes & Jinn From Arab Myths And Legends, 1985, Schocken Books: New York & Douglas & McIntyre:Vancouver / Toronto, p. 28. [80] A. F. L. Beeston, "Languages Of Pre-Islamic Arabia", Arabica, 1981, Volume 28, p. 181; M. C. A. Macdonald, "Reflections On The Linguistic Map Of Pre-Islamic Arabia", Arabian Archaeology And Epigraphy, 2000, Volume 11, p. 29, Figure 1, pp. 41-42 and pp. 48-50; C. Rabin, Ancient West Arabian, 1951, Taylor's Foreign Press: London, pp. 35-36. Rabin discusses am- and an- articles found in some Yemeni dialects. [81] I. Rabinowitz, "Aramaic Inscriptions Of The Fifth Century B.C.E. From A North-Arab Shrine In Egypt", Journal Of Near Eastern Studies, 1956, Volume 15, pp. 1-9. [82] ibid., p. 6, note 41. [83] M. C. A. Macdonald, "Reflections On The Linguistic Map Of Pre-Islamic Arabia", Arabian Archaeology And Epigraphy, 2000, op. cit., p. 70, note 85. [84] Herodotus (Ed. & Trans. by G. Rawlinson), The History Of Herodotus, 1934, Tudor Publishing Company: New York, p. 148, 3.8. Also available online. This important point concerning the use of article •al- in Al-ilat was also highlighted by A. F. L. Beeston, "Languages Of Pre-Islamic Arabia", Arabica, 1981, op. cit., p. 181; Also see M. C. A. Macdonald, "Reflections On The Linguistic Map Of Pre-Islamic Arabia", Arabian Archaeology And Epigraphy, 2000, op. cit., p. 41 and p. 49. [85] M. C. A. Macdonald, "Reflections On The Linguistic Map Of Pre-Islamic Arabia", Arabian Archaeology And Epigraphy, 2000, op. cit., p. 49. [86] ibid., p. 74, note 146. [87] A. Livingstone, "An Early Attestion Of The Arabic Definite Article", Journal Of Semitic Studies, 1997, Volume 42, p. 261. [88] A. J. Wensinck, "The Article Of Determination In Arabic", Mededelingen Der Koninklijke (Nederlandse) Akademie Van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Letterkunde, 1931, Volume 71, No. 3, pp. 47-64. Also see W. Vycichl, "L'origine De L'article Défini de L'arabe", Comptes Rendus Du Groupe Linguistique D'études Chamito-Sémitiques, 1973-1978, Volume 18-23, pp. 713-719. Winnett had used the Lihyanite and Thamudic inscriptions which use h- or hn- article to claim that h-lh or h-•lh represent the name Allah or Al-ilah, respectively (F. V. Winnett, "Allah Before Islam", The Moslem World, 1938, Volume 28, pp. 241-247). Similarly, Allat and al-•Uzza were called h-•lt (or hn-•lt) and hn-•z• (F. V. Winnett, "The Daughters Of Allah", The Moslem World, 1940, Volume 30, pp. 120-123). Winnett assumed that the deity who appears in the Ancient North Arabian inscriptions as lh was identical to "Allah". Similarly, the deity who appears in the Ancient North Arabian inscriptions as •lh was assumed to be identical with both lh and Allah. In the same vein, the deity who appears in the Ancient North Arabian inscriptions h-•lh was assumed to be identical with lh, •lh and Allah. These assumptions are not justified by any evidence. On the other hand, •lh and •lt are ordinary nouns meaning "god" and "goddess", the former being comparable to Arabic ilah. H-•lh and h(n)-•lt mean literally "the god" and "the goddess". For h(n)-•lt see I. Rabinowitz, "Aramaic Inscriptions Of The Fifth file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/CS/Desktop/Is%20Hubal%20The%20Same%20As%20Allah%20.htm (32 of 38)11/8/2012 10:08:21 AM