Ways of adding Emphasis A. Study 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
the following sentences. Which ways were used for adding emphasis? What I like about John is his honesty. What I like about John is the fact that he is so honest. What annoys me the most is the way some people are always late. Money is what makes the world go round John is who you should talk to It is money that makes the world go round
what = the thing which/that
who = the person who/that
where= the place which/that
1. Restructure the following statements to make them more emphatic. Use the patterns above. a. We doubt his sincerity. b. I admit the efficiency of the Swiss. c. She hates having to get up at 6 0´clock every morning. d. His approval of the scheme is important. e. Their self-righteousnessis annoying. f. You should go to Portugal for your holidays. g. I like London becauseit has beautiful parks. h. Nobody likes losing. 2. It is important to make these sentences sound emphatic when you are speaking. Check the stressesin this sentence. In pairs, practise saying the sentences you wrote. What made it an AR my was DIS cipline and organiZAtion. B. Inversion to express emphasis 1. Inversion can take place after negative adverbials such as never, nowhere, not for minute, not since, not until, never again, rarely a. Never had he eaten such a huge meal. b. Nowhere will you come across a more hospitable nation. c. Not until I reached home did I allow myself to consider the result of my actions. d. Rarely do you meet a man of such integrity. 2. Inversion can take place in certain established sentence patterns. a. Hardly had the two strangers arrived when the majority of the guests departed. b. No sooner had we sat down to dinner than there came an explosion from the kitchen. c. Little did anyone realize the seriousnessof the situation . 3. Inversion takes place after certain expressions with only and no. a. Only when I myself became a parent did I realize the value of m parent’s advice. b. Not only did she write short stories, but she. c. Little did anyone realize the seriousnessof the situation . 4. Inversion can be used instead of if in conditional. Should you ever come to London, I’ll show you around (Type 1) Were he to realize the danger he was in, he would not proceed with his plan.(Type 2) Had you arrived earlier, you would have seen a most remarkable sight. ( Type 3)
ADVERB AND VERB COLLOCATIONS Certain intensifying adverbs and verbs are often found together. For example: I thoroughly approve of it. 1. Put one of the following adverbs into each gap. Sometimes more than one might be possible. sincerely freely distinctly
seriously absolutely deeply
completely fully greatly
firmly strongly categorically
entirely totally
a. Good evening. First of all, I want to emphasize that my party _______________believes in democracy. b. That is why we _______________hope you will vote for us at the next election. c. There have been some smear campaigns by the opposition, but our Minister of Employment __________ denies the allegations that have been made against him. d. He _______________admits that several mistakes were made during his tenure of office. e. He _______________regrets that it was necessary to make three million people redundant to improve the employment situation. f. But I _______________doubt whether the opposition could have done any better. g. I _______________remember that in their last manifesto they said they would adopt similar measures. h. They have _______________ignored the fact that world recession has hit every industrialized nation. i. I am sure that this nation will _______________refuse to believe their empty promises when it goes to the polls next Thursday. j. I _______________agree with our great Prime Minister that the road ahead will be tough. k. I _______________admire his honesty and tenacity. l. He _______________understands the needs of this great nation. m. He _______________disagreeswith people who aren’t tolerant enough to see his point of view. n. So I _______________advise you to vote for me. Together we can secure the future. ADVERB AND ADJECTIVE COLLOCATIONS Many intensifying adverbs and adjectives go together. For example: absolutely fascinating 1. Sometimes there is a logical link between the adverb and the adjective. Match an adverb in column A with an adjective in column B. A B fully disappointed informed moved offended deeply simple bitterly disturbed perfectly 2. Certain intensifying adverbs can only be used with gradable adjectives. Which of the adverbs in column A and the adjectives in column B go together? Sometimes more than one adverb is possible. A B greatly relieved impressed simple important disappointed annoyed terribly 3. Certain adjective (called limit adjectives) already have strong meanings. For example, exhausted means very tired. To intensify a limit adjective, we need an extreme adverb. This is why we cannot say Very exhausted. Which of the adverbs in column A and the adjectives in column B go together? A B delighted disgusted absolutely totally convinced appalled utterly determined obvious
quite
amazed
untrue