“New forms of European citizenship in migration era” Survey data on Perception of Migration
AIM AND METHOD OF THE STUDY • SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS OF MIGRATION IN THE COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT • ON-LINE SURVEY DISTRIBUITED BY PROJECT PARTNERS, BEGINNING OF 2017 • NOT REPRESENTATIVE EUROPEAN SAMPLE: 3,840 RESPONDENTS • PARTNER COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN THE SURVEY: ALBANIA, BELGIUM, BULGARIA, CROATIA, GERMANY, GREECE, MALTA, ITALY, LATVIA, MACEDONIA, POLAND, PORTUGAL, CZECH REPUBLIC, ROMANIA, SERBIA, SPAIN.
SAMPLE • N=3840 • F= 61%; M= 39%
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
OCCUPATIONAL STATUS 45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 Student
Employed
Self-employed
Unemployed
Apprentice
Searching for job
Retired
HAVE YOU EXPERIENCED MIGRATION FOR MORE THAN ONE YEAR?
EXPERIENCE OF MIGRATION: SELF AND FAMILY
PARTICIPATION IN EU EXCHANGE PROGRAMS
SHOULD PEOPLE FROM OTHER EU COUNTRIES BE CONSIDERED MIGRANTS?
HOW MANY MIGRANTS LIVE IN YOUR COUNTRY?
PERCEPTION OF THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS PER COUNTRY
IN YOUR OPINION, THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS IN YOUR COUNTRY, AS COMPARED TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, IS:
NUMBER OF MIGRANTS IN MY COUNTRY, COMPARED TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES:
DO YOU THINK THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND A DECREASE IN PUBLIC SAFETY?
MOST COMMON REASONS FOR MIGRATION: PER COUNTRY
THE MOST COMMON REASONS FOR MIGRATION: ALL COUNTRIES
1-take advantage of economic resources; 2-lack of border control; 3-improved life conditions; 4-escape from hunger and powerty; 5-escape from wars and persecution; 6-wictims of human trafficking
TRUST IN DIFFERENT SOURCES
Migration: either opportunity or treath?
PERCEPTION OF ILLEGAL MIGRATION
80.6% 19.4%
VERY AND SOMEWHAT CONCERNED ABOUT ILLEGAL MIGRATION
A LITTLE OR NOT CONCERNED
COUNTRIES WITH A HIGHER PERCENTAGE: POLAND (97%) ROMANIA (95%) ALBANIA (92%) ITALY (92%) MALTA (91%) PORTUGAL (90%)
COUNTRIES WITH LOWER PERCENTAGE: GERMANY (54%) CZECH REP. (61%) GREECE (67%) BELGIUM (68%)
32.4%
23.0%
OF 16- TO 20 YEARS OLD ARE VERY OR SOMEWHAT CONCERNED
OF 26- TO 30 YEARS OLD ARE A LITTLE OR NOT CONCERNED
PERCEPTION ON THE NUMBER OF ILLEGAL MIGRANTS Do you think the number of illegal migrants in your country are: % GREATER THAN LEGAL MIGRANTS
32.9%
EQUAL
21.1%
LESS THAN LEGAL MIGRANTS
46.0%
TOT
100%
COUNTRIES > 46.0% (European average)
COUNTRIES < 46.0% (European average)
ALBANIA (78%) PORTUGAL (75%) CZECH REP. (73%) GERMANY (67%) BELGIUM (65%)
ITALY (19.3%) GREECE (29.9%)
PERCEPTION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF BOTH LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MIGRANTS
• 86.7% of migrants may be exposed to forms of exploitation • 91.5% the conditions of illegal migrants increases the risk of exploitation
According to you, in your country, migrants may be exposed to forms of exploitation?
According to you, in your country, do the conditions of illegal migrants increase the risk of exploitation?
Always
16.0 %
29.5 %
Sometimes
70.7 %
62.0 %
Never
13.3 %
8.5 %
PERCEPTION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MIGRANTS BY COUNTRY LEGAL MIGRANTS
ILLEGAL MIGRANTS
Always
Sometimes
Never
Always
Sometimes
Never
Albania
7.9%
77.5%
14.6
25.8
67.5
6.6
Belgium
8.9%
86.3%
4.8
17.7
74.2
8.1
Bulgaria
9.9%
77.3%
12.8
24.5
71.3
4.3
Croatia
13.5%
68.9%
17.5
16.7
64.1
19.1
Germany
26.6%
71.0%
2.3
31.8
62.6
5.6
Greece
30.2%
66.9%
2.8
48.0
48.0
4.0
Malta
24.3%
75.0%
0.7
33.1
64.7
2.2
Italy
22.3%
54.2%
23.6
45.5
46.6
7.9
Latvia
4.5%
82.1%
13.4
10.1
76.0
13.9
Macedonia
15.8%
70.9%
13.4
21.9
69.2
8.9
Poland
6.1%
83.3%
10.6
9.1
78.8
12.1
Portugal
5.1%
86.0%
8.8
25.0
72.1
2.9
Czech Rep.
2.5%
65.8%
31.6
13.3
74.7
12.0
Romania
8.5%
71.2%
20.3
8.5
70.6
20.9
Serbia
10.5%
73.7%
15.8
26.3
63.2
10.5
Spain
25.4%
73.4%
1.1
61.6
37.3
1.1
PERCEPTION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF LEGAL AND ILLEGAL MIGRANTS BY AGE GROUP
LEGAL MIGRANTS ARE ALWAYS EXPLOITATED
ILLEGAL MIGRANTS ARE ALWAYS EXPLOITATED
16-20
26.6%
23.1%
51-55
4.1%
5.1%
56-60
2.7%
3.3%
61-65
1.2%
2.1%
Over 65
1.6%
1.4%
PERCEPTION OF MALE AND FEMALE LABOR EXPLOITATION
female labor exploitation
male labor exploitation
Not widespread
12.6%
13.6%
A little widespread
26.1%
27.4%
Somewhat widespread
35.5%*
34.2%*
Very widespread
25.8%*
24.8%*
*61.3% female labor exploitation is somewhat and very widespread *59.0% male labor exploitation is somewhat and very widespread
CHILD LABOR EXPLOITATION The distribution among countries Not widespread
A little widespread
Somewhat widespread
Very widespread
Albania
7.3
17.2
39.7
35.8
Belgium
48.4
24.2
17.7
9.7
Bulgaria
43.6
25.9
22.7
7.8
Croatia
20.7
33.1
34.3
12.0
Germany
16.8
36.9
32.7
13.6
50.3%
Greece
4.0
10.5
35.5
50.0
CHILD LABOR EXPLOITATION IS SOMEWHAT OR VERY WIDESPREAD
Malta
15.4
30.9
32.4
21.3
Italy
12.1
29.8
34.5
23.6
Latvia
50.3
43.6
6.1
0.0
Macedonia
15.8
29.6
32.8
21.9
Poland
54.5
34.8
9.1
1.5
Portugal
6.6
19.1
45.6
28.7
Czech Rep.
42.4
39.2
15.2
3.2
Romania
13.1
33.3
36.6
17.0
Serbia
10.5
47.4
21.1
21.1
Spain
7.9
19.2
32.8
40.1
European percentages
49.7% CHILD LABOR EXPLOITATION IS NOT OR A LITTLE WIDESPREAD
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND ORGANIZED CRIME MIGRATION INEVITABLY AFFECTS THE SPREAD OF CRIME STRONGLY DISAGREE
10.2%
DISAGREE
35.9%
AGREE
36.4%
STRONGLY AGREE
17.5%
Countries with higher percentage than 53.9%: BULGARIA 88,9% MACEDONIA 69.4% CZECH REP. 65.6% LETTONIA 64.5% CROATIA 60.3% ITALIA 59.8% MALTA 58.0% BELGIUM 57.2%
46.1%
53.9%
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND ORGANIZED CRIME ORGANIZED CRIME RECRUITS MIGRANTS Strongly disagree
3.3%
Disagree
26.3%
Agree
55.0%
Strongly agree
15.4%
29.6% 70.4%
Countries with higher percentage
Countries with lower percentage
ITALY 82.3%
ROMANIA 40.9%
BELGIUM 78.3%
POLAND 28.1%
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIGRATION AND CRIME Migrants enter organized crime networks voluntarily
Strongly disagree
12.7%
Disagree
48.3%
Agree
31.5%
Strongly agree
7.5%
61.0%
39.0%
61% of respondents strongly disagree or disagree 39% agree or strongly agree
MAIN OBJECTIVE OF GOVERNMENT •LIMIT MIGRATION 31.1% •COMBAT ORGANIZED CRIME 20.7% •TO STOP THE BANKING AND FINANCIAL SECTOR FROM MAKING UNETHICAL PROFITS (BANKING SPECULATION) 19.7% •PROTECT THE RIGHT OF FREEDOM AND SPEECH AND PRINT 13.8% •NONE OF THEESE 14.7%
REGARDING “LIMITING MIGRATION” (31%) COUNTRIES WITH HIGHER PERCENTAGE THAN THE EUROPEAN PERCENTAGE
COUNTRIES WITH PENCENTAGE AROUND THE EUROPEAN PERCENTAGE
COUNTRIES WITH PERCENTAGE LOWER THAN THE EUROPEAN PERCENTAGE
PORTUGAL 43% vs 31%
MALTA
SERBIA 17% vs 31% CZECH REP. 17% vs 31%
LATVIA 41% vs 31%
BELGIUM
ALBANIA 19% vs 31%
GREECE 39% vs 31%
MACEDONIA
POLAND 22% vs 31% ROMANIA 22% vs 31%
BULGARIA
CROAZIA 23% vs 31%
ITALY
SPAIN 24% vs 31% GERMANY 25% vs 31%
27.9% OF THOSE WHO CHOSE “LIMIT MIGRATION” ARE BETWEEN 16 AND 20 YEARS OLD.
OPINIONS ON OPENING BORDERS VS CLOSING BORDERS With which of the following statements do you most agree? PERCENTAGES
WE MUST UNCONDITIONALLY OPEN ALL NATIONAL BORDERS, ACCEPTING A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
31.5%
WE MUST ACCEPT MIGRANTS WITH CONDITIONS ONLY AFTER GUARANTEEING JOBS FOR OUR CITIZENS
47.9%
WE MUST CLOSE AND CONTROL BORDERS TO DEFEND THE IDENTITY OF OUR NATIONAL COUNTRY.
20.6%
OPINIONS ON OPENING BORDERS VS CLOSING BORDERS Partner countries distribution COUNTRIES
UNCONDITIONAL OPENING
CONDITIONAL OPENING
UNCONDITIONAL CLOSING
TOT.
ALBANIA
25.2%
69.9%
4.9%
100%
BELGIUM
28.2%
51.6%
20.2%
100%
BULGARIA
3.6%
55.8%
40.6%
100%
CROATIA
20.5%
56.1%
23.4%
100%
GERMANY
61.8%
30.7%
7.5%
100%
GREECE
38.1%
33.5%
28.4%
100%
MALTA
43.0%
44.5%
12.5%
100%
ITALY
40.3%
47.1%
12.6%
100%
LATVIA
14.0%
63.4%
22.7%
100%
MACEDONIA
18.7%
42.1%
39.1%
100%
POLAND
6.7%
68.3%
25.0%
100%
PORTUGAL
63.5%
35.7%
0.8%
100%
CZECH REP.
9.3%
42.7%
48.0%
100%
ROMANIA
26.5%
59.2%
14.3%
100%
SERBIA
50.0%
44.4%
5.6%
100%
SPAIN
62.9%
36.5%
0.6%
100%