Truth Express Magazine

THE EU-NIFICATION OF THE BEAST

MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT THE GENDER REVEAL

BIRTH CONTROL

Welcome to Truth Express, our religiously themed digital micro-magazine dedicated to providing a biblical perspective on global events and trends. In many ways, the Bible is unmistakably a geopolitical text. Hence, we are aware of our position in God's redemptive plan when we consider current events in light of the Scriptures. For God, Israel, especially Jerusalem, is the main geopolitical hub. With this perspective, coupled with the belief that the church has not replaced Israel, when we consider everything that is happening in the Middle East, as well as in Europe and North America as a whole, we can turn to the Bible because it has actually given us a lot of prophecies and indicators that can roughly place us on God's redemptive timeline.

It is crucial for Christians and other believers to pay attention to current events and follow the news because doing so actually points us toward the Lord and His plan of restoration for humanity. In each issue of Truth Express we will go around the world so to speak, knowing that God is in perfect control of what appears to be an out-ofcontrol world, taking a look at key global events. We invite you to join us on this journey of exploration and discovery, as we seek to equip you to engage with issues and challenges in the complex and rapidly changing landscape in which we live.

Thank you for joining us on this adventure!

Deacon Ray St. Michael Williams President - IOR

and geographer Eratosthenes employed shadows and the lack thereof to calculate the size of the earth and even until today people use shadows to tell time. Shadows, despite being real and intangible, they indicate the presence of tangible objects all around us. Although quiet, they communicate with us in amazing ways.

Consider a wedding. After the day is chosen, there must be a lot of preparation done before the ceremony itself. The location must be reserved months in advance, and in the closing weeks, bridal showers are held and the anticipated dress rehearsal take place. These events, and others, serve as reminders or foreshadows; those who will take part are reminded that the wedding day is fast approaching. Similarly, the many events that will culminate the end times are currently casting shadows that have reached into our time constantly alerting us of impending events. The more impactful they get, and the increased frequency with which they occur makes us certain that the end times are getting closer.

The Bible, through its prophecies, provides a great amount of insight into the future. Yet, though there are many things we can learn, we are unable to determine the precise moment of Jesus' return. Jesus forewarned his disciples in Matthew 24 that the temple in Jerusalem will be demolished one day. They interpreted it to suggest that he would set up his earthly kingdom shortly and overthrow the Roman government. They were so excited that they requested a sign, and he gave them a preview of what would happen before and exhorted them to be vigilant, telling them to "keep alert, because you do not know on when day your Lord will arrive."

Similar to a wedding, there must be a lot of planning and stage-setting that must precede the end time. As they dominate today's landscape, these foreshadows are important hints that we cannot afford to ignore; they are deserving of special attention. Truth Express will be a medium through which we intend to examine the emerging patterns that are paving the way for the coming of the end times.

Now, one may ask “Weren’t expectations running high at specific points in history for example World War I and II?”, “Haven’t there been other times when circumstances were so dire that people were convinced that the end was at hand?” These are indeed great questions. In fact, what is so different this time around? Are we really that close now and how do we know?

There are two reasons that we can say the global scenario is different this time around. As stated earlier, the shadows are increasing in number and are aligned with what biblical prophecy has outlined. Most importantly, many of these events have a global impact as the world is even more connected than ever before. Within a moment, shock waves from one location can be felt in many other places, causing instant turmoil worldwide; politically, economically, spiritually, and culturally. As we can observe, the impacts are becoming more sudden, more selective, more unpredictable, and more uncontrollable.

But by far, the most important indicator is the rebirth of the nation of Israel. A close look at the biblical prophecies shows the requirement of God’s chosen nation in their land. It is this existence of Israel as a nation once again that makes the current global scenario different. And so as cataclysmic as World War II was, civilization wasn’t on the verge then as it is now. At no time before 1948 was it possible for the end times to have culminated for the simple reason that Israel was ‘not’. But now, because Israel is a nation, there exists a stage on which end-time events can be played out; Israel is ground zero for all great end-time events.

While we look at the foreshadows that guide us to the nearness of Christ’s return, albeit with great fear, let us look at the most important shadow that looms over all human history - that of God. God has perfectly orchestrated everything that has happened and that will happen. God has so far stayed true to His promises and will continue to do so. The future has already been written and God will fulfill His plan with absolute perfection!

Rosan McKenzie Editor-Truth Express Magazine

meet the team

Rosan McKenzie Vice President

Elder Stephen Scale Monday Night Coordinator

Deacon Ray St. Michael Williams President

Jonah Lewis Principal Adult Sabbath School

Jeremy McKenzie Teacher Adult Sabbath School

Jordan McKenzie Teacher Adult Sabbath School

Vaniel Findlay Teacher Adult Sabbath School

Sean Goldburn Director Home Bible Study Programme

Janielle Goldburn Co-Director Home Bible Study Programme

Shanice Lewis Digital Lead Chasing Truth

Brandon Hendricks Graphic Artist Chasing Truth

Lemonique Rowe Digital Outreach Social Media

Daneillia Hylton Executive Assistant

The Institute of Religion (IOR) is built on the specific objective of creating a simplified evangelistic framework that will enhance and improve the understanding of the Church’s fundamental doctrines. Through a series of courses, classes, apologetics presentations, campaigns, and leveraging of digital and print media, the IOR aims to provide individuals with a deeper understanding of the faith and doctrinal matters with the hope of enabling individuals to deepen their spiritual lives and strengthen their relationship with God. These initiatives drive the cumulative effort needed to help us Build In, Build Up, Build Out, and Build Together.

ADULT SABBATH SCHOOL

The Adult Sabbath School provides the opportunity for adults to gather together and study God's Word in a supportive and engaging environment The aim is to deepen the understanding of Scripture with a major focus of 2023 being on the Systematic Theology Project which is the formal record of the Church’s beliefs and teachings providing an official source of public information about the doctrines of the Church of God International

HOME BIBLE STUDY PROGRAMME

The Home Bible study program provides a welcoming and supportive environment for individuals to study and apply God's Word in a practical and relevant way. A major focus is placed on understanding the fundamental beliefs such as repentance, faith, baptism, feast days, and clean and unclean meats to name a few. Through regular bi-monthly bible study sessions, participants can deepen their understanding of Scripture and apply its teachings to their daily lives. The program is designed to be interactive and participatory, allowing for questions, discussion, and personal reflection

DIGITAL OUTREACH

The objective of digital outreach is to use various digital platforms and technologies to share the gospel, connect with people, and build relationships with individuals who may not have direct access or interest in traditional forms of outreach. For 2023, the IOR’s main initiative will be “Chasing Truth” which is a platform showcasing the themes of the bible through online video content. The goal of this is to share the gospel message in a way that is engaging, relevant, and accessible to a wide range of people.

DOCTRINAL & APOLOGETICS PRESENTATIONS

Doctrinal and apologetic presentations provide a clear and accurate explanation of key Christian doctrines, beliefs, and teachings The major objective of these presentations is to help believers deepen their understanding of God, the Bible, and the Christian faith; equipping them to live out their faith in practical ways Through these presentations the IOR aims to address common misconceptions or errors related to Christian doctrine, providing a corrective to false teachings or misunderstandings.

SPEAKING COMPETITIONS

The IOR hosts 2 major speaking competitions at the Feast of Tabernacles: The Herbert W Armstrong Memorial Speaking Competition and the Ian Anthony Boyne Young Speakers Contest (supplemented by quarterly youth debates) Both competitions encourage individuals to deepen their knowledge and understanding of biblical teachings, and most importantly develop and improve their public speaking skills to communicate biblical truth effectively and persuasively.

special highlights

ate in chool focus e the ology roject

The IAB and HWA crowned the Grant Sisters (Da'Neeka and Danielle-Paige) as the new 2022 Champions respectively

The I.O.R has expanded Internationally to include a New York Chapter for 2023. Brother Sean Goldburn and Sister Janielle Goldburn are leading the effort.

Congratulations to Diamoniqe Brown, Jhenelle Tucker and Da'Neeka winners of the 1st I.O.R. Youth Debate.

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est. reading time 10 mins est. reading time 10 mins

-nification of the beast

The Beast of Revelation 13 has long been a topic of speculation and debate among theologians and students of the Bible. Revelation Chapter 13 outlines the Beast as a powerful figure that will play a key role in the end times. In this article, we will examine the argument that the European Union (E.U.) should be considered the first Beast of Revelation 13, based on the identification of the fourth beast from Daniel chapter 7 along with the development of the beast from the Roman Empire to the Holy Roman Empire to the European Union.

The European Union, often referred to as the great "beast" of Revelation 13, has a long and complex history that can be traced back to ancient Rome. There are some like Herbert W Armstong, who held the belief that the United States of Europe is the fulfilment of the fourth beast described in the Book of Daniel, which represented the Roman Empire. The fourth kingdom in the vision of King Nebuchadnezzar's statue in Daniel 2 is a parallel to the fourth beast of Daniel 7, further cementing the identity of the Roman Empire.

The Roman Empire is described as being strong and powerful, with iron teeth that are able to crush and shatter its enemies. In Daniel 2, It is represented by the legs of iron. The iron represents military and economic strength, while the iron and clay represents its transition into a weakened version plagued by division. A similar power and authority with the ability to conquer and control large areas of land is seen in the modern European Union, which has become a dominant force in global politics and economics and coincidentally, resides in the same relative geographic area.

One key aspect of the European Union that aligns with the fourth beast of Daniel 7, is its origins in Rome. The Roman Empire was known for its vast network of roads, which allowed for the easy movement of goods and people throughout the empire. Similarly, the European Union has developed a network of roads and infrastructure that connects its member states, allowing for the free flow of goods and people throughout the region.

The fourth beast is described as being "different from all the others" and having "ten horns." This beast is later revealed to be a kingdom that will arise in the end times and will dominate the world. Based on Daniel 2:43, it is described as a union of people that will not hold. Many have argued that the European Union fits this description, as it is a unique and powerful entity that has arisen in recent history. The EU has a significant presence on the global stage and wields a great deal of influence in international affairs. With the establishment of the European Union, it could be argued that we are seeing the reemergence of a European superstate, similar to the empires of the past. In his book "Who or What is the Prophetic Beast?" (1960), Herbert W Armstrong theorizes that there will be the emergence of a formidable European power, paralleling the prophetic role of the beast described in the book of Revelation and playing a central role in the events of the last days.

But the argument for Europe as the Beast of Revelation 13 goes beyond just the identification of the fourth beast in Daniel 7. When we look at the development of the European Union, we can see a clear line of continuity with the empires of the past. The EU can trace its origins back to the Roman Empire, which was a dominant force in the ancient world, and also The Holy Roman Empire, which was also a major player in European history. This evolution of the beast from the Holy Roman Empire or less notably the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation is another aspect of the European Union that has drawn keen interest.

The FOUR BEASTS of Daniel 7

BEAST 2 | The Bear, Risen on One Side, with 3 Ribs in its Mouth

BEAST 4 | The Dreadful Beast with the Iron Teeth

BEAST 3 | The 4-Headed, 4-Winged Leopard

BEAST 4a | The Little Horn (Grows when 3 previous horns are removed

Source: Biblical Toolbelt

The Lion | Daniel 7:4

The Bear | Daniel 7:5

The Leopard | Daniel 7:6

The Dreadful | Daniel 7:7-20

BABYLON MEDES & PERSIANS GREECE ROME

BEAST 1 | The Winged Lion ((later, standing with wings removed and has the heart of a man

Daniel 2:31-33

Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image. This great image, whose brightness was excellent, stood before thee; and the form thereof was terrible. This image's head was of fine gold, his breast and his arms of silver, his belly and his thighs of brass, his legs of iron, his feet part of iron and part of clay.

Source: Biblical Toolbelt

-nification of the beast

The Holy Roman Empire was a confederation of European states that was established in the Middle Ages (approximately 800 A.D. – 1000 A.D.) and lasted until the 19th century. It was characterized by its political and religious nature, as it was ruled by a single ruler, the Holy Roman Emperor who was crowned by the Pope of Rome. The European Union can be seen as a modern-day version of the Holy Roman Empire, with member states coming together under a single banner to promote cooperation and unity. The Holy Roman Empire added a religious element to the idea of the beast, as it represented a union of political and spiritual power. The Holy Roman Emperor held both secular and spiritual authority, and the empire was seen as a guardian of the Roman Catholic faith.

This combination of political and religious power is similar to the beasts of Revelation 13. The first beast is described as having authority over every tribe, people, language, and nation while the second beast seemingly has religious power forcing persons to worship and being able to perform miracles capable of deceiving inhabitants of the earth.

The Holy Roman Empire, with its vast territory and diverse population, is considered a precursor to the modern-day European Union, which also encompasses a diverse group of nations and peoples. It would be remiss of me not to point out, that the transition period between the Holy Roman Empire and the emerging EU through the EEC saw the Adolf Hitler lead Nazi Germany attempting to implement the Third Reich, a resurrection of sorts of the Holy Roman Empire. A failed attempt, but still quite notable.

One could argue, the end of the Holy Roman Empire divided the political and spiritual authority into the European Union and the Roman Catholic Church. After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire and some passage of time, the European Union emerged as a political entity focused on promoting cooperation and unity among its member states.

At the same time, the Roman Catholic Church continued to wield significant spiritual authority and influence in Europe and around the world. The European Union representing the political power of the Holy Roman Empire, while the Roman Catholic Church represents the spiritual power. Together, these two entities potentially fulfil the role of the two beasts of Revelation 13.

The location of the woman is linked to the seven heads of beast which are mountains or hills. The seven hills of Rome being in such close proximity to Vatican Hill which is within Rome seems all too convenient.

The world should strive for unity, peace and harmony for all mankind, after all these are biblical values and the E.U. is certainly moving in that direction. The conflict with this ideology comes when the unified direction starts to move away from Godly principles, as the Beast is also characterized as doing. The choice from Revelation 13 is simple for every individual, unify as believers or unify with the way of the beast. If biblical prophecy is true, there will be no true harmony until the coming of the promised Messiah.

The E.U. in its current state might not be the complete fulfilment of the beast. There are recent indicators that shows its growing influence, strength and unification: the European Commission and Parliament, GDPR, LQBTQ+ rights, EU Digital COVID Certificate, the digital Euro, European Defence Agency just to name a few.

With the recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the strengthening of the EU's military capabilities, the flying of the Islamic banner in the south, the emergence of the BRICS partnership anchored in the east, and the continued influence of the Holy See, are we indeed seeing the fulfilment of biblical end time prophecy?

Only time will tell, however little of it we have left.

European Union Countries European Union Countries

The EU has ten member states that are considered to be the "founding members" of the organization, although it could be seen as a stretch, some potentially understand this to be the ten horns referred to in Daniel 7 and the ten horns later in Revelation 13 and 17. Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, which are also known as the "founding six." These countries were the first to sign the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which established the European Economic Community (EEC), a precursor to the EU.

The other four founding members of the EU are Denmark, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and Greece, which joined the EEC in 1973, 1979, 1973, and 1981, respectively. Together, these ten countries played a significant role in the expansion and development of the EU, shaping the organization and its goals. The EU has since grown to include 27 member states and is a major player in global politics and economics.

The EU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.

Daniel 2:34-35

Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing floors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them

Source: Biblical Toolbelt

Daniel

2:35

and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.

Source: Biblical Toolbelt

apologetics

“But in your hearts regard Christ the Lord as holy, ready at any time to give a defense [apologia] to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you.”

1 Peter 3:15

apologetics |

When you hear the word "apologetics, " what comes to mind? Although it may appear as if one is making excuses for their beliefs, this is not the case. Apologetics really derives from the Greek term 'apologia' , which means to defend one's opinions or beliefs.

If you examine Jesus' ministry, you notice He did not simply preach the gospel to unbelievers and expect them to accept it immediately. Instead, he provided proof of his divine status by performing miracles demonstrating that he was indeed the Son of God.

The apostles persisted in their efforts in a similar manner; according to Acts 18:4, Paul "reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath, and tried to persuade Jews and Greeks." Paul used reason as a potent tool for the advancement of God's kingdom because he was aware that it is powerful.

In 1 Peter 3:15, Peter emphasizes the defense of the faith:

But in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect.

Not only does Peter command us to “always be prepared to make a defense”, but he also tells us how to do it (with gentleness and respect).

One of the best ways to God with all of your thoughts is through apologetics. Jesus tells us in Luke 10:27 to "love the Lord your God...with all your mind”. The knowledge of God's nature that one gains by grappling with seemingly challenging biblical topics is something that cannot be learned in any other way. Christians have the responsibility to get to know God more and better every day.

In apologetics, we use the minds that God has given us to observe and think about who God is by use of our reason. Knowing how to present apologetic defenses can help in times of doubt when we do not feel God’s presence. In those seasons it is reassuring to have a solid foundation of logic and evidence on which to rely.

Not only can apologetics strengthen one's faith but it can also embolden us to share our faith with others. One of the common sayings in the apologetics community is that those who do not see the need for apologetics probably have not evangelized very much. One of the reasons that Christians are hesitant to share their faith is that they are afraid of being unsure of what to say when an unbeliever asks them a difficult question. This fear can paralyze Christians into keeping their faith to themselves, which is obviously not what we are commanded to do.

No one needs a PhD in order to know apologetics. We are all created in the image of God, and to say we lack the capacity to be at least functionally apologetic is akin to saying God did not create me with a mind capable of knowing him.

Apologetics is an essential discipline for every Christian who wants to share their faith with others. It helps us to defend the faith against objections and challenges, while also providing a solid foundation of seasons of doubt and added reasons for believing in the truth of the gospel.

We, the IOR, hope to serve you by working together to provide materials and answers to questions you may have May we all be equipped to defend the faith and share it with others in love and humility.

middle east conflict

Rosan

The root of tensions between Israel and Arab countries in the Middle East are documented in the book of Genesis. Abraham, unable to have children with his wife Sarah, fathered a child (Ishmael) with her Egyptian handmaid Hagar. Tensions arose between Sarah and Hagar leading Abraham to send Hagar and Ishmael away. Despite this, God blessed Ishmael, and he fathered 12 sons who became nations; they are the Arabs today and the descendants of Isaac's grandsons specifically from the Southern Kingdom of Judah (Judah, Benjamin, Simeon and some Levi) are the Jews today.

After the fall of the Ottoman Empire (that ruled the Middle East for about 40 years) in 1918 a number of new nations were created most of which were Arabicspeaking and led to the development of the modern Arab world today. Around the same time period, there emerged a movement called the Zionists, which sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people. This homeland was realized in 1948, when the state of Israel was formed in the land of Palestine.

The emergence of a Jewish nation thus began in a cauldron of hostility mostly due to their differences in opinions of the Chosen People, the Promised Land, and the Chosen City of Jerusalem; Jews claim that this land was promised only to the descendants of Abraham's grandson Jacob while the Arabs argue that the Land of Canaan was promised to what they consider the elder son of Abraham, Ishmael.

Israel’s neighbouring nations tried to destroy the infant nation at its inception. To this day, some Arab nations continue to speak of their hope and dream of totally destroying Israel. But Israel, in particular Jerusalem, is of great interest to God. “Jerusalem is the city which I have chosen for Myself, to put My name there” (1 Kings 11:36). It is the city where God said, “I will put My name forever” (2 Chronicles 33:7).

According to The Economist Group's Democracy Index 2020 study, Israel is the only democratic country in the Middle East and is surrounded by larger Arab states that are consistently hostile towards if forcing

the nation to keep on high alert for its survival. Even within these Arab states, there are conflicts as a result of the factions that exist starting at the most basic level of the Shia and the Sunni Muslims, the moderates and extremists, and of course, those who are pro-Israel and willing to form diplomatic relations (Egypt, Morocco, Jordan) and those who are overtly anti-Israel (Syria, Iran, Afghanistan). Similarly, in the game of chess, there are many pieces on the board and as a bystander, it can be difficult to understand how the game in being played. But of all the moves taken, of most interest are the moves by superpowers United States, Russia, and China. As we look around on the world stage, it is easy to see that while the United States is declining, Russia and China are advancing and this means that Israel is in danger.

The United States has been a supporter of Israel from the day of its rebirth. The United States was the first country to recognize Israel as an independent state on May 1948 and the first to recognize Jerusalem as the capital city of Israel in December 2017. According to the Congressional Research Service, Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign assistance since World War II. For 2023, the US Congress authorized foreign military financing of $3.8 billion for Israel. Both countries also share economic, educational and scientific, and military ties. The US has a track record of coming to Israel’s aid during peace negotiations; thwarting resolutions aimed at criticizing and punishing Israel, notwithstanding not being consistent in their efforts.

Map of Arab countries (green) and Israel (red) -Information Regarding Israel's Security

However, in recent years the commitment has further waned. The previous presence of troops that acted as deterrents against terrorists has been withdrawn leaving power vacuums to be exploited by Russia, Iran, and terrorists. There has also been the request that the US government scale back or eliminate its commitments to Israel as seen during budget negotiations in September 2021, when there was an attempt to remove 1 billion USD in military funding.

In June 2015 the US, Russia, China, UK, France, Germany, and the EU signed a nuclear agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action with Iran. The US pulled out in May 2018 and is currently trying to restore the deal. Israel among other nations do not believe Iran can be trusted to adhere to the terms of the agreement.

Consequently, former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu scaled back Israel’s intelligence-sharing with the United States to prevent Israel’s operations aimed at obstructing Iran’s nuclear program from being leaked.

Subsequent to the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States launched an invasion of Afghanistan after the refusal of the Taliban to extradite Osama bin Laden resulting in the toppling of the Taliban-ruled Islamic Emirate and the establishment of the Islamic Republic. At this time the United States was unrivaled on the world stage and preeminent in every region of the world. In June 2015 the US, Russia, China, UK, France, Germany, and the EU signed a nuclear agreement (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) with Iran.

The US pulled out in May 2018 and is currently trying to restore the deal. Israel among other nations have do not believe Iran can be trusted to adhere to the terms of the agreement. Consequently, former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu scaled back Israel’s intelligence-sharing with the United States to prevent Israel’s operations aimed at obstructing Iran’s nuclear program from being leaked.

Subsequent to the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States launched an invasion of Afghanistan after the refusal of the Taliban to extradite Osama bin Laden resulting in the toppling of the Talibanruled Islamic Emirate and the establishment of the Islamic Republic. At this time the United States was unrivalled on the world stage and preeminent in every region of the world. However, in his July 2021 address regarding the drawdown of the US forces in Afghanistan, President Biden stated that “We did not go to Afghanistan to nationbuild...we also need to focus on shoring up America’s core strengths to meet the strategic competition with China.”

INFOGRAPHIC: Timeline of the Arab-Israeli wars since 1948-Agence France-Presse

While the US will not necessarily abandon the Middle East, the most strategic focus will be on the region that will matter most to America’s security and prosperity in the 21st century — Asia. Asia is the fastest-growing economic region, accounting for nearly 60% of global economic growth, and U.S. exports to Asia create more jobs than any other region of the world. It is home to five U.S. treaty allies and critical security partners such as Taiwan. This focus, albeit implicit, means that the US’s superiority in every corner of the world is ending.

In August 2021, the US withdrew from Afghanistan, ending almost 20 years of war and allowing for the complete takeover of the Taliban which re-established the Islamic Emirate. This of course calls for a questioning of the US’s credibility. There are many other instances when there was a lack of military action or intervention in September 2019 when Iran attacked Saudi Arabian oil facilities from the US. US troops have also been withdrawn from Syria (partial withdrawal 2019), Iraq (October 2021), and Libya (December 2019) leaving power vacuums.

Russia has long been the main provider of military and hardware ammunition to Arab nations involved in conflicts with Israel. So much so Russia has elevated its status as a dominant presence. Russia was, for example, listed as a main belligerent in the Syrian Civil War from 2015 to the present; providing military assistance through the provision of fighter jets, ground troops, and advisors to help Syria recapture cities that have been lost to the Islamic States (ISIS). Russia also further asserted its presence after the United States pulled out its forces in 2019. As a result of successful intervention, Syria now allows Russia permanent access to its air and naval bases Khmeimim Air Base and Tartus Syrian Naval Base making Russia very close to Israel’s borders. It has also been reported that Syria’s military has been recruiting troops to fight alongside Russian forces in Ukraine.

In 2001, Russia and Iran signed a 10-year cooperation treaty, which was extended twice for five-year terms and since 2021 they have been working on another 20year agreement further deepening the link and bolstering military and economic ties. Iran lacks the skill to develop sophisticated conventional arms or weapons of mass destruction and remains heavily reliant on foreign suppliers such as North Korea, China, and Russia.

Russia continues to have close and productive diplomatic relations with Libya, sections of North Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Afghanistan. However, all of this is happening while the US is diminishing its influential role in the Middle East. Iran and Saudi Arabia have been bitter rivals for decades as a result of the Islamic Sunni-Shitte divide which has shaped events and attitudes across the Middle East In March 2023 the nations signed a deal to re-establish diplomatic relations. However, the deal was not brokered in the Middle East. It was brokered in China.

Prior to this, China had provided a concept paper for the Global Security Initiative (GSI) which aim to “uphold the principle of indivisible security (that the security of one nation is inseparable from other countries in its region), build a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture, and oppose the building of national security on the basis of insecurity in other countries." Many however have stated that the GSI is a way of increasing China's global influence.

China has already established itself as a vital partner to Middle Eastern countries, especially Saudi Arabia and Iran, as it is their top trading partner and the biggest oil buyer. China has further strengthened these relationships by signing strategic partnership agreements with these nations (25-year cooperation deal with Iran in 2021 and a comprehensive strategic partnership agreement with Saudi Arabia in 2022) and investing heavily in the region through the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013 with aims of connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa through a China-backed network of ports, railways, highways, and other infrastructure projects. China is also the largest investor in the Middle East having invested more than $273 billion between 2005 to 2022 and conducts trade with other countries in the region, such as buying oil from Iraq and gas from Qatar and exporting weapons to several nations (Algeria, Morocco, and Turkey).

China's technological advancements, particularly in 5G connectivity, give it significant influence in the Middle East, allowing it to succeed in negotiations where others have failed. It is also viewed as a neutral trading partner, maintaining a policy of non-interference in domestic issues, making it a less controversial mediator than the US. China has no history of punitive actions or threatening behaviour, keeping a low profile on major conflicts, and avoiding regime change and toppling of democratic leaders.

Even though China portrays itself as less aggressive in comparison to the US, it has significantly increased and expanded its military capabilities in recent years; its first overseas military base was established in Djibouti in 2017 and plans are afoot to build a naval base in the United Arab Emirates. Experts say that for now at least, China’s focus is not to replace the United States in the Middle East however the focus may be to expand its diplomatic and economic influence while the US continues to lead on the region’s security concerns. This highlights the policy the nation is touted as following; “first civilian, then military”.

With the upper hand being given to these rising superpowers, Israel is becoming more vulnerable with no trusted superpower in its corner. While the Israel Defense Force (IDF) is regarded as one of the best in the world, a day will come when Israel’s enemies will conclude that with no support or threat, the time for an attack on Israel would have arrived.

The prophecies of the Bible predict that conflicts in the Middle East will escalate making the Middle East the epicentre of war and violence that will usher in the second coming of Jesus Christ. In Daniel 11:4041, the prophecy speaks of the time of the end when “the southern king will oppose him (northern king), and the northern king will overrun him with chariots, cavalry, and many ships. He’ll invade countries, moving swiftly and sweeping through. He’ll enter the Beautiful Land, and many will fall, even though these will escape his control: Edom, Moab, and certain Ammonite officials.

The “king of the South” is not identified however, the ancient nations of Edom, Moab and Egypt are mentioned leading many to believe that this king as coming out of the Middle East (leader of a multinational Islamic force perhaps backed by the forces of Russia and China two major superpowers that share common interests with these nations).

The “king of the North” which will likely be a revival of the Roman Empire (the fourth kingdom spoken of in Daniel 2 and 7 as well as in Revelation 17), will successfully counterattack the “king of the South.” This leader from the north will counterattack very swiftly and take the battle a step further by entering the “Glorious Land” (Israel).

Although the specific reasons for the conflict between the "king of the South" and the "king of the North" are not mentioned, the prophet Zechariah states that all nations will eventually be involved in a conflict centred in Jerusalem. “Behold, the day of the LORD is coming, and your spoil will be divided in your midst. For I will gather all the nations to battle against Jerusalem; the city shall be taken, the houses rifled, and the women ravished. Half of the city shall go into captivity, but the remnant of the people shall not be cut off from the city.” (Zechariah 14:1-2).

The prophecy continues “Then the LORD will go forth and fight against those nations” (verse 3). After Jesus Christ decisively wins this battle and eliminates all opposition, He will establish the Kingdom of God here on earth.

Despite all efforts made by humans, peace has not been achieved in the Middle East, it will take a divine intervention to bring lasting peace not only to the Middle East but also to the entire world as Zechariah prophesies “And the LORD shall be King over all the earth In that day it shall be—‘The LORD is one,’ and His name one” (Zechariah 14:9).

The Final Superpower: The Final Superpower: Thy Kingdom Come Thy Kingdom Come

During the reigns of those kings, the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor its sovereignty left in the hands of another people. It will shatter and crush all of these kingdoms, and it will stand forever. Now, just as you saw that the stone was cut out of the mountain without human hands—and that it crushed the iron, bronze, clay, silver, and gold to pieces—so also the great God has revealed to the king what will take place after this. Your dream will come true, and its meaning will prove trustworthy.”

Daniel 2:34

The idea of gender as a social construct, rather than a binary and fixed concept, is becoming increasingly accepted in society. However, for many religious individuals, the topic of gender identity and expression can be a controversial and complex one. We are now in a time when the traditional understanding of gender roles and expectations are being challenged, and as we question societal norms and institutions, it's important to also question the role of religion in shaping our understanding of gender. In this article, we'll delve into the complex relationship between gender and religion, exploring the ways in which traditional religious teachings have shaped our understanding of gender, and how those teachings are being re-evaluated in light of a changing society or if they even should be.

organs and chromosomes lead to different physical characteristics and capabilities. They also argue that some aspects of gender identity are innate, such as the feeling of being a man or a woman. It is important to keep in mind that there is no single answer to the question of whether or not gender is a social construct, and different people may have different perspectives on the topic. However, the overwhelming majority of evidence-based scholarly research in social the field of gender studies, sociology, and psychology supports the idea that gender is a social construct and not just a binary biological construct. Think about it. If you saw a human being without knowing what their biological designation was at birth, how would you treat them? Would there be a certain behaviour you're expecting

One of the main arguments for the idea that gender is a social construct is that the way we think about and understand gender is shaped by the culture and society in which we live. Proponents of this view argue that gender roles and expectations, as well as the ways in which we identify and express our gender, are all learned and reinforced through socialization. They also argue that different cultures have different gender norms and that these norms can change over time, which would be difficult to explain if gender were solely a biological construct. On the other hand, some argue that sex is a biological construct and gender is more of a psychological construct. They argue that sex and gender cannot be reduced to social conditioning because there are inherent biological differences between men and women. For example, biological differences in hormones, reproductive

them to display based on what you see? Would you expect them to dress a certain way? Would you approach them differently? What informs your expectations? Did society help you to shape this understanding and what parts of society, school, church, neighbourhood, or even your family? Would the person be wrong for acting outside of the norm you have come to expect and should they be harmed for breaking this unsigned and unspoken social contract? This is the question facing many trans and non-binary individuals.

Deuteronomy 22:5 is one of the biblical texts used against the notion of ‘gender fluidity’, which is the ability of an individual to change their gender expression or gender identity over time. The text basically states that men and women should not cross-dress.

There are some things to consider about this text. These restrictions were applied to persons who decided to accept and adhere to a contract, as in seen Exodus 19. Can this text be applied to everyone or just those who have agreed to the contract or covenant? Once someone has accepted a contract, then we can start to debate about whether these rules apply and how. Being a Christian implies that you have accepted a contract or covenant, according to Luke 22:20.

There are some things to consider about this text, is it by choice, communal vote, casting lots, sex or inheritance by bloodline? Genesis 1:27, states that God created man and woman in his image. Genesis 3:16 goes on the further classify the woman as having pain in child birth, which denotes the female sex as a biological construct. Therefore it is only logical to conclude, from a biblical perspective, that individuals created or born with organs designed with the capacity of having children should take on the gender role of a female. The implications are that they also should not crossdress, with the criteria of appropriate dress for an individual rooted in their biology.

Religion influences culture, and culture influences social and moral values, and values are reflected in our laws. When we move away from religion or the ways of God, then culture becomes less static and more fluid. Moving away from God isn’t a choice a believer has if they want to remain a believer. Society on the other hand has a self-determining decision, made up of the majority, to move away from God if they so choose, leaving the Christian believer behind. It is also important to highlight that a lot of the discriminatory treatment and harmful stereotypes that trans and non-binary individuals experience stem from a perception of gender being binary and fixed. They experience higher rates of violence, poverty, and discrimination among other negative social issues. Understanding gender as a social construct can potentially lead to more inclusive and equitable societies for the time being.

While both perspectives are certainly worth considering, gender has become a complex concept that is influenced by a variety of factors, including biology, culture and personal identity. It's no longer a simple yes or no, but rather a multifaceted topic that requires critical examination and ongoing dialogues. However as a believer, the answer is clear as to which side of the fence one should fall.

birth control: birth control: is it up to us? is it up to us?

debates and conflicting views about the use of contraceptives among Christian women. In this article, we will discuss if Christian women should use contraceptives. In early times, pregnancy prevention was always a part of society to aid in avoiding abstinence and freely enjoying the pleasure of sex without a need for concern about its consequences such as unwanted children and societal chastisement. Early methods included the use of herbs, citrus fruits, and iron chastity belts, among others. However, in 1948 activist Margaret Sanger, one of the founders of Planned Parenthood and philanthropist Katharine McCormick recruited biologist Gregory Pincus to coinvent the first version of the pill.

According to the article titled, “The Tiny Pill That Changed the World by Melvin Rhodes, "The birthcontrol pill was first given to women in Illinois in the summer of 1960. No one could have foreseen how it would revolutionize the world’s morals, change the marriage customs of thousands of years, significantly alter gender roles in Western society and contribute to a major decline in many nations’ birth rate." Contraceptives have become a major topic of conversation in women’s health with 65.3% of women aged 15–49 in the United States using contraception (CDC,2020). The inventors of contraceptives wanted women to have more control over the reproductive decisions of when and when not to have children. But does this way of thinking conflict with Christian beliefs?

Let’s explore some of the popular ideas and scriptures used in relation to birth control usage among women in Christendom. In Genesis 1: 27-28, God told Adam and Eve to be fruitful and multiply, and prior to this we learned that Man was created in God's image. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that God commanded them to multiply in order to replicate his image. (For further information on this check out the articleMan's Awesome Destiny)

After the Great Flood, God encouraged Noah and his family to "be fruitful and multiply, (Gen 9:1). There is also biblical evidence that alludes to God, encouraging Abraham and his descendants, the Israelites, to have children. In fact, as a reward for obedience to God's commands, the Israelites were rewarded with more children (Deut.7:13-14, 1 Chron 25:5). This fact is reinforced by David in Psalm 127:3-5 when he states that children are a gift.

But did God have an option on how he viewed the inhibition of childbirth? This question is answered with a resounding YES by Christian contraceptive opponents who often use Genesis 38:8-10 to validate their claim. In the story of Tamar Judah's daughter-in-law, it is presumed that God encouraged having children and did not approve of preventing the opportunity to conceive. This was illustrated by Ornan, Judah's son, receiving divine condemnation through death due to coitus interruptus (spilling his sperm). Additionally, a man among God’s people, the Israelites, with crushed or castrated testes was not allowed in the assembly and was frowned upon (Lev. 21:17-20, Deut. 23:1). At that time, barren women in the society were ostracised as is evident in the stories of Sarah, Rebekah, Hannah, and Elizabeth, among others, asking for God's assistance in opening their wombs. The inability to bear children was also used as a punishment in societies outside of Israel (Gen.20:18) and often was a divine punishment issued to Israel due to their disobedience (Hosea 9:11; Jer. 18:21) and Israel's enemies.

Furthermore, in Malachi 2:15, we see God's purpose for marriage is revealed as it alludes that the two become one flesh for the purpose of reproducing Godly offspring. From these biblical examples, it is implied that conception was very important to God, as he encouraged his followers to procreate. This ensures the continuity of believers in the God of Israel from generation to generation. Therefore, could the use of contraceptives by Christian women be considered inhibiting God’s divine purpose commanded from creation?

Is contraception a deliberate act against God's will? And with these modern advancements really concludes to going against God’s will? Advocates for contraceptive use in the Christian community give compelling arguments as to why contraceptives can be used by Christian women.

The first of these arguments is that there is no biblical evidence that God prohibits this. The Bible is silent on contraceptive use by women. Secondly, 1 Timothy 5:8 states that a man must leave a heritage for his children. The use of contraceptives allows this by assisting to control the number of children born into a family. There is countless evidence in today’s society of the consequences of having too many children such as strain on marriages leading to divorce, broken relationships due to inability to spend time and adequately care for all the children, child abuse, and neglect, among others. The Bible instructs us to use wisdom. The knowledge of how to create contraceptives was given by God and thus it is with an abundance of wisdom that Christian women use them today. Thirdly, contraceptives are mainly used for preventing pregnancy but also aid with lifethreatening conditions such as menorrhagia that could lead to death.

If the initial purpose or role of women is to have children why then did we have women in the church today and in bible days that are unable to bear children? Additionally, it is agreed that children are a gift from God. Howev the Bible also states that wife is that it is wrong to stay single (1 Corinthians 7:8).

In fact, still, many servants of God did not have a wife such Paul and even Jesus himself. Birth control can be considered a gift from God that may be used for the wise regulation of the size of one's family, as well as a means of seeking to have children at the time which seems to be wisest. God is just as much in control of whether you have children when you use birth control as when you don't use it. The hands of the creator are not inhibited by birth control! Couples will have children at the time God wants, whether they use birth control or not. Whichever way, God ultimately controls the size of one's family.

Within Christianity, sex outside of marriage is still considered a sin. Therefore, the use of contraceptives for medical or family planning purposes should be the main purpose of its use, within the scope of marriage. However, being guided by the Bible a Christian wife should ask the following questions when considering the use of contraceptives:

What is our purpose for using contraceptives?

What was God's intended purpose for marriage and sex?

Is the use of contraceptives allowing me to exercise faith in God?

If children are considered a gift and blessed is the man whose quiver is full then why should we limit the gift that God is seeking to give us?

Could the use of the morning-after pill be considered abortive?

Is the use of contraception fulfilling my duty of ibiting natural

According to the Center for Reproductive Rights, the growth in contraceptive usage can be attributed to the rising number of government initiatives, growing demand for population control, a decrease in the unintended pregnancy rate, and a highly competitive industry due to the presence of several major manufacturers and constant R&D investment by them.

Call for Papers

The Institute of Religion (IOR) invites the submission of opinion, research, or discussion papers for our religiously themed digital micro-magazine aimed at providing a unique perspective on current affairs and geopolitics through the lens of faith.

For our second issue, the IOR is accepting invitations until July 30,2023. If you are interested in sharing your understanding of how the faith informs their perspective on current events, send us a copy at ior@cgijamaica.org

All submissions will undergo a review process.

guidelines

Each article should be:

be between 800 - 1500 words in length include a title, author, and a brief summary submitted in MS Word format (doc or docx) written with font size 12 pt and double spaced

For any inquiries concerning the submission procedure, please do not hesitate to get in touch with any IOR member or email us at: ior@cgijamaica.org