International Higher Education in Facts and Figures

SHARES OF THE WORLD’S INTERNATIONALLY MOBILE STUDENTS, 2012 THE UK IS THE SECOND MOST POPULAR DESTINATION IN THE WORLD FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

International Higher Education in

Facts and Figures OCTOBER 2015 Source: OECD (2014) Education at a Glance

1

CONTENTS

1

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRENDS

3

2

WHAT INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS WANT

8

3

TNE & OUTWARD MOBILITY

13

4

THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH & COLLABORATION

19

5

THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION

22 1

1 INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRENDS

SHARES OF THE WORLD’S INTERNATIONALLY MOBILE STUDENTS, 2012 The UK is the second most popular destination in the world for international students

United States

16.4%

United Kingdom

12.6% Germany

6.3% France

6.0% Australia

5.5%

Canada

4.9%

Other OECD and non-OECD countries

48.4%

Source: OECD (2014) Education at a Glance, tertiary-level students

COUNTRY

2000

2012

CHANGE

United States

22.8%

16.4%

-6.4%

United Kingdom

10.7%

12.6%

1.9%

Germany

9.0%

6.3%

-2.6%

France

6.6%

6.0%

-0.6%

Australia

5.1%

5.5%

0.4%

Canada

4.5%

4.9%

0.4%

Russian Federation

2.0%

3.9%

1.9%

Japan

3.2%

3.3%

0.1%

Spain

2.0%

2.2%

0.2%

China

1.7%

2.0%

0.2%

Other OECD and non-OECD countries

32.6%

37.0%

4.4% 4

OVERSEAS STUDENTS BY REGION OF DESTINATION The number of international students globally has more than doubled since 2000 to 4.5 Million

YEAR

5M 4.5M

NUMBER OF FOREIGN STUDENTS

4M 3.5M 3M 2.5M 2M 1.5M 1M

2000

2012

UK

222,936

568,816

Europe (excl. UK)

712,943

1,592,058

North America

569,640

961,967

Asia

334,562

806,281

Oceania

118,646

330,886

Africa

100,031

196,568

Latin America & the Caribbean

28,945

71,468

0.5M 0K 2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

UK

Europe (excl. UK)

North America

Oceania

Africa

Latin America & the Caribbean

Source: OECD (2014) Education at a Glance, tertiary-level students

Asia

5

TRENDS IN NON-EU STUDENT ENROLMENT The number of international students in the UK has risen by more than a third since 2004, but growth has slowed

NUMBER OF NON-EU STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE UK

350K 300K 123,940

250K 200K

142,440

134,660

129,740

146,945

152,355

112,215 98,310

99,210

104,445

102,900

150K 100K

134,220

128,165 97,835

91,610

111,245

121,845

124,960

80,010

82,990

24,810

24,855

26,065

27,365

27,855

28,655

29,230

30,500

31,180

32,880

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

50K 0K

Undergraduate Source: HESA (2015) Students

Postgraduate Taught

Postgraduate Research 6

TOP 20 COUNTRIES OF STUDENT ORIGIN, 2013-14 More than one in five international students in the UK came from China in 2013-14

China India Nigeria Malaysia United States Hong Kong, China Germany France Ireland Greece Cyprus (EU) Italy Saudi Arabia Singapore Pakistan Spain Romania Bulgaria Canada Thailand Source: HESA (2015) Students

87,895 19,750 18,020 16,635 16,485 14,725 14,060 11,500 11,490 10,670 10,295 9,550 9,060 6,790 6,665 6,585 6,515 6,355 6,350 6,340 7

2 WHAT INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS WANT

STUDENT SATISFACTION AND THE COST OF STUDY IN THE UK Of the top four English speaking international student destinations, a UK undergraduate education is the most affordable

Overall satisfaction

Recommend

US $

91%

45K 40K 35K 30K 25K 20K 15K 10K 5K

42,093

Arrival

85%

39,229

Learning

90%

35,045

32,140

90%

87%

Annual cost of living 36,564

Support

Living

88%

Annual fees

Annual total

29,947

16,777 12,941

12,905

12,627

10,729

9,460 5,642

Australia Singapore United States

United Kingdom

Source: Above: International Student Barometer, I-graduate (2015) Below: HSBC

Hong Kong, China

Canada

France

Malaysia Indonesia

Brazil

China

Mexico

India 9

IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS International students choose the UK for the quality of its education

25%

RANK IN 2014 FACTOR

PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS

20%

15%

10%

5%

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1

Quality of education

2

Internationally recognised qualification

3

Career prospects

4

University reputation

5

Opportunity for employment while studying

6

Safety

7

Multicultural society

8

Opportunity to learn a new language

9

Country Reputation as being desirable

10

Low tuition fees

11

Low cost of living

12

Want to move overseas

13

Qualification recogised in my home country

14

Ease of obtaining a visa

15

Course duration

16

Friends/relatives there

17

Information available

— Quality of education

—U niversity reputation

—M ulticultural society

18

Simplicity of course application

— Internationally recognised qualification

—O pportunity for employment while studying

—O pportunity to learn a new language

19

Other

20

Expectation of parents

— Career prospects

— S afety

Source: Integration of international students: A UK perspective, British Council, 2014

10

EU & INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS BY CHOICE OF SUBJECT AREA IN 2013-14 The wide range of subjects international students study demonstrates the strength and diversity of the UK HE sector: from Business to Engineering, the Creative Arts and Social Sciences

% of all students in subject area 105,575 24,635

39,580 / 12,410 26,985 / 13,025 16,035 / 10,350 16,180 / 6,110 13,170 / 8,210 11,315 / 10,055 13,445 / 7,395 12,435 / 6,320 8,605 / 5,465 8,410 / 3,585 6,955 / 3,875 7,830 / 2,750 7,010 / 3,405 5,645 / 3,485 6,505 / 2,315 2,020 / 945 1,545 / 780 950 / 190 Source: HESA (2015) Students

EU

Non-EU

39% 33% 19% 16% 25% 8% 10% 18% 20% 15% 24% 22% 16% 6% 10% 21% 5% 13% 19% 11

NON-EU STUDENTS BY SUBJECT CHOICE & NATIONALITY

UK universities appeal to diverse interests: Nigerian and Malyasian students prefer STEM subjects; Business is popular with Chinese and Indian students; and US students have a flair for the Arts, Humanities and Socal Sciences 120,000

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED

100,000

China

India

Nigeria

United States

80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 STEM (excl. clinical)

0

Business

STEM

Arts and Social Humanities Studies

Clinical

Malaysia

Clinical Social Studies Business

China

India

Source: HESA (2015) Students

Nigeria

US

Malaysia

Other non-EU

Arts & Humanities 12

3 TNE & OUTWARD MOBILITY

LOCATION OF TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENTS, 2013-14 Hundreds of thousands of students study for UK qualifications outside the UK

North America 31,970

TOP 20 COUNTRIES OF ACTIVITY

Other Europe 18,910 EU 75,170

Asia 308,905

Africa 141,630

Oceania 3,390

Middle East 56,640

South America 2,235 Total number of TNE students in 2013-14 = 638,850

NON EU

84,905

478,775 52,930

22,240

Number of students

100K

EU

Undergraduate incl. FE

200K

300K

400K

Postgraduate

500K

600K

Number of students

Source: HESA (2015) Aggregate Offshore Record * Students registered at Oxford Brookes University accounted for over 40% of the total population of the Aggregate Offshore Record in 2013-14. The majority of these students were registered with an overseas partner on Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) programmes.

14

TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENTS BY NUMBER, TYPE AND LEVEL OF PROVISION UK TNE student numbers have grown by 65% since 2008: the vast majority are studying for their first degree TRENDS IN TNE NUMBERS

700K

First degree | 514,475 | 81%

500K

PGT | 102,005 | 16%

300K

Other UG and FE | 17,235 | 3%

100K

PGR | 5,140 | 1%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 -09 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 REGISTERED WITH OVERSEAS PARTNER REGISTERED WITH UK UNIVERSITY/ DISTANCE/FLEXIBLE/BLENDED REGISTERED WITH UK UNIVERSITY/ OTHER ARRANGEMENTS REGISTERED WITH UK UNIVERSITY/ BRANCH CAMPUS OTHER

374,490 119,755 116,035 19,615 8,955

100K

NUMBER OF STUDENTS

200K

300K

400K

NUMBER OF STUDENTS

Other UG and FE Source: HESA (2015) Aggregate Offshore Record

First degree

PGT

PGR 15

ERASMUS MOBILITY TO AND FROM THE UK* The number of UK students studying and working abroad under Erasmus have doubled since 2006

TRENDS IN ERASMUS MOBILITY TO AND FROM THE UK

30K 25K 20K 15K 10K 5K 12K 10K 8K

16,508 7,235

2006-07

19,120

20,850

10,278

10,826

24,474

25,760

27,182

22,650 11,723

12,833

13,662

14,572

Incoming to the UK 15,566

Outgoing from the UK

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2013-14

2012-13

6,826 4,458 4,178 3,435 4,428 2,112

6K 4K 2K

2,296 1,001 1,621 637 913 361

630 358

656 283

650 244

807 82

643 228

497 284

582 186

617 95

454 194

297 228

338 142

256 143

272 58

221 43

l nce Spain rmany Italy rlands eden lgium nmark oland inland ustria public urkey reland erland rtuga orway reece ngary thers O P I T Fra A Re G Hu F N Sw Be De Po itz he Ge t w h e S c N Cze Source: European Commission, Erasmus Statistics (2013), British Council, Erasmus statistics (2014) *Please note 2013/14 data is not yet available on inward mobility to the UK.

Incoming to the UK

Outgoing from the UK 16

ERASMUS MOBILITY ACROSS ALL MEMBER STATES The number of students taking Erasmus work placements has almost tripled since 2007 TOTAL ERASMUS PARTICIPATION

300K 252,827

NUMBER OF STUDENTS

250K 200K

182,697

150K

162,695

213,266

198,523

177,705

168,193

231,408

204,744

268,143 212,522

190,495

100K 50K

Study placement 20,002

2007-08

30,330

35,561

40,913

48,083

55,621

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

Work placements

MOST POPULAR HOST COUNTRIES IN 2012-13

SPAIN 40,202

GERMANY 30,368

Source: European Commission, Erasmus Statistics (2013)

FRANCE 29,293

UK 27,182

ITALY 19,964 17

NUMBERS OF NON-UK ACADEMIC STAFF The UK attracts top academics from across the globe: one in four academic staff in the UK comes from overseas ACADEMIC STAFF BY FUNCTION

Teaching & research

9,360

Research

12,740

8,310

4,145

Teaching

10,665

ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT FUNCTION

% WITH NON-UK NATIONALITY

Teaching and research

23%

Research

42%

Teaching

19%

Neither teaching nor research

9%

Grand Total

26%

ALL ACADEMIC STAFF

5,725

22,140 Neither teaching nor research

29,225

95 (EU) 55 (Non-EU) 0K

2K

137,650 4K

6K

8K

10K

12K

14K

Number of academic staff EU Source: HESA (2015) Staff

Non-EU

Unknown domiciles have been excluded.

UK

European Union

Non-European Union 18

4 THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH & COLLABORATION

THE UK’S TOP 10 COLLABORATION PARTNERS, BY NUMBER OF CO-AUTHORED PAPERS The UK’s top collaborative partner country is the US and 13 out of the UK’s top 20 collaboration partners are EU member states

9

Canada

21,860

France

3

33,454

6

Netherlands

2

24,147

10 7

Spain

Germany

45,250

Switzerland

16,589

8

23,258

China

22,813

1

United States

89,579

4

Italy

27,789

Source: Elsevier and BIS (2013), International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base – 2008 to 2012

5

Australia

24,403 20

CITATION IMPACT FOR UK INTERNATIONALLY CO-AUTHORED ARTICLES WITH ITS TOP 20 COLLABORATION PARTNERS, 2008-12 Bubble size is proportional to the number of co-authored publications with this partner.

Bubble colour represents the field weighted citation impact (adjusted citation per paper) of these collaborations, with dark shades representing the highest field weighted citation impact.

Rank ry

Count

rative Collaboations public I C FW

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

United States

Germany

France

Italy

Australia

Netherlands

Spain

China

Canada

Switzerland

Sweden

Japan

Belgium

Denmark

Ireland

Greece

Austria

Norway

Finland

Poland

89,579

45,250

33,454

27,789

24,403

24,147

23,258

22,813

21,860

16,589

14,131

12,657

11,840

9,313

8,608

7,714

7,092

7,026

6,919

6,610

2.75

2.75

2.88

2.77

2.73

3.16

2.70

2.00

3.25

3.34

3.14

2.51

3.34

3.46

2.28

2.33

3.28

3.01

3.09

3.04

UK international co-authorship is associated with 61% greater field-weighted citation impact compared to UK institutional co-authorship.

Source: Scopus data in Elsevier, report for BIS, “International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base

47.6% of UK authored published articles were co-authored with at least one non-UK researcher in 2012

21

QUALITY & IMPACT OF UK RESEARCH INTERNATIONALLY The UK has more articles per pound and per researcher than our major competitors

Global population

R&D expenditure

Researchers

0.9%

3.2%

4.1%

Source: Elsevier and BIS (2013), International Comparative Performance of the UK Research Base – 2013

Research articles

Global citations

World’s most highly-cited articles

6.4% 11.2% 15.9% 22

QUALITY OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS OVER TIME The UK’s scientific research institutions are now ranked second in the world for quality

1 2 3

Switzerland United Kingdom

4

Israel United States

RANKING

5

Belgium

6

Netherlands Japan

7

Germany

8

Australia Finland

9

Canada Denmark

10

Sweden

2008-09

2009-10

Source: World Economic Forum (2014)

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Qatar 23

5 THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION

TOP 10 COUNTRIES ON THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX (GII) The UK is second in the world on the GII, which measures innovation capabilities

RANKING

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

1

Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland

2

Sweden

Sweden

Sweden

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

3

Singapore

Singapore

United Kingdom

Sweden

Sweden

4

Hong Kong, China

Finland

Netherlands

Finland

Netherlands

5

Finland

United Kingdom

United States

Netherlands

United States

6

Denmark

Netherlands

Finland

United States

Finland

7

United States

Denmark

Hong Kong, China

Singapore

Singapore

8

Canada

Hong Kong, China

Singapore

Denmark

Ireland

9

Netherlands

Ireland

Denmark

Luxembourg

Luxembourg

10

United Kingdom

United States

Ireland

Hong Kong, China

Denmark

Source: The Global Innovation Index (2015), by Cornell University, INSEAD Business School & the World International Property Organisation (WIPO)

25

LEVELS OF EU FUNDING UNDER FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME 7 UK universities are by far the most succesful in winning EU research funding, receiving 45% more funding than any other country

Germany

¤2,690

United Kingdom

¤4,903

France

¤722

Italy

¤1,227

Netherlands

¤1,777

Spain

¤779

¤4,446

¤7,136

¤2,037 ¤4,421

¤6,940

¤5,143 ¤2,363

¤3,590

¤1,553

¤3,330 ¤3,256

¤2,477

¤2,000

¤4,000

¤6,000

¤8,000

FUNDING IN ¤ MILLION

Other organisations Source: European Commission (2013)

HEIs 26

RESEARCH INCOME FROM INTERNATIONAL SOURCES

UK universities have grown the research income leveraged from international sources by 44% since 2009: almost a quarter of UK universities’ research income is now earned from overseas 1,167,495

1,200K

1,067,600

1,000K INCOME £'000

800K

923,269 804,114

741,435

600K 400K 200K

2009-10

2010-11

Non-EU charities

Non-EU industry

EU industry

EU other

2011-12 Non-EU other

2012-13 EU government bodies

2013-14 EU charities

PERCENTAGE OF ALL RESEARCH GRANTS/CONTRACTS INCOME FROM INTERNATIONAL SOURCES 2009-10

17.1% Source: HESA (2015) Finance

2010-11

18.1%

2011-12

20.5%

2012-13

22.4%

2013-14

23.0% 27

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NON-UK STUDENTS Non-UK students generate nearly 11 billion for the UK economy, and all UK regions benefit Ulster University £62M £34M £27M

Queen’s University Belfast £61M £14M £48M

International revenues Student expenditure off-campus

Based on HESA data on England and Scotland from 2011-12, data on Northern Ireland from 2012-13, and data on Wales from 2013-14.

Scotland £837M North East £457M North West £848M Yorkshire & Humberside £802M West Midlands £802M East Midlands £638M East of England £836M London £2,500M South East £1,256M South West £558M Wales £576M

£577M £260M £244M £213M £461M £387M £422M £380M £394M £408M £345M £293M £467M £369M £1,300M £1,200M £707M £549M £288M £270M £273M £303M

Sources: Universities UK (2014) The impact of universities on the UK economy; Universities Scotland (2013) Grow, export, attract, support; Universities Wales (2015) The economic impact of higher education in Wales.

Universities UK (2015) The economic impact of Queen’s University Belfast and Ulster University on the Northern Ireland economy

28

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