May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems The use of feed in RAS - Innovation Nation - boosting the Scottish economy - EXPERT TOPIC - Salmonids - Larval culture of Pangasius in Puerto Rico - Aquaculture UK technology on display May | June 2016

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CONTENTS: MAY/JUNE 2016 VOLUME 19 ISSUE 3

Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Editor Prof Simon Davies simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editor Dr Albert Tacon albertt@perendale.co.uk International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.co.uk Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Colin Mair • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Eloise Hillier-Richardson eloisehr@perendale.co.uk Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk Malachi Stone malachis@perendale.co.uk Andrew Wilkinson andreww@perendale.co.uk Roy Palmer (Editor - Asia Pacific) royp@perendale.com International Marketing Team Darren Parris darrenp@perendale.co.uk Tom Blacker tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk

REGULAR ITEMS 3

17 Aquaculture Training 34

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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. More information can be found at www.perendale. com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service

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38 Expert Topic - Salmonids 58

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Industry News

Industry Events

72 The Market Place

74 The Aquafeed Interview 76

COLUMNS

Industry Faces

FEATURES 18 Potential for European lobster mariculture 22 Mud crab farming in India

26 Larval culture of Pangasius in Puerto Rico

30 Innovation Nation - How new developments in aquaculture are boosting the Scottish economy

36 A technological innovation for crustacean aquaculture the Scottish economy

3 Antonio Garza de Yta 4 5

Roy Palmer

Ioannis Zabetakis

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 46

Faivre equipped Trout farms

50 The use of feed in RAS

54 Technology on display - Aquaculture UK

One of my tasks now is to expand our MSc portfolio in mono-gastric animal production and we have now an excellent validated masters’ programme in Aquaculture with a strong focus on the technical needs of industry. We will leave others to magnify on the socio-economics and politics of aquaculture and endless definitions of sustainability as an aquatic cure for insomnia. My other task is to construct a new research facility for nutrition trials with fish and anyone with a view for support and investment are welcome to offer advice. My plumbing skills are not too bad but I would better get the experts in this field for a high quality recirculation aquaculture system for trout, tilapia and carp feed trials; any takers to show off their best technology platform in a higher education setting?

One area of interest to me recently was news of the continued trend of increased pangasius imports into the UK and EU in general. With demand quite high, and imports up by 0.4 percent over last year to Europe having already attained a value of some US$42.2 million in 2016.

This demonstrates the importance of the markets and the outcome of the referendum for UK membership in the EU is, in my opinion, unlikely to affect the import of a lucrative market for farmed fish in Britain. However, we must develop our own aquaculture industry to secure domestic fish production as an economic strategy.

Turning to our magazine now, we have our regular topical news items and reports concerning the trends and the people that are making waves in the industry on a global level. Certainly our international reach is now so impressive and our associate editors do an excellent job in the translation of the magazine into Chinese and Spanish, covering major aquafeed and Professor Simon Davies technological advances to an important audience.

In this edition, amongst a typically eclectic blend of bang up to DON’T MISS THE UK’S LARGEST AQUACULTURE date news and forthright columns, we have a very informative article by Rob Davis from the AquaBiotech group that focuses EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE on RAS. Our good friend Dr Laxmappa has also provided The spring has arrived and the longer days are now very us with a very comprehensive account of the behaviour and noticeable here in the UK. There is nothing like some habitat of Scylla serrata, or mud crabs to give their more well-deserved sunshine to stimulate the evenings before the familiar name. computer and I have been2016 kept busy with a glassSCOTLAND of 25 &certainly 26 MAY AVIEMORE, This issue also boasts a fabulous report from Abbeville in wine in hand of course!

Northern France where the International Aquafeed team got Plenty of academic work has come my way and it’s been a An international event with visitors from over 30 countries, meet: to see the very latest in Faivre equipment in action in situ at pleasure to support my PhD students with their dissertation a collection of trout farms; which fits in very nicely with our proof readings and other matters concerning the final writing species focus, trout and salmonids. up of their theses before they submit to the judge and jury.

The strength of our edition continues right to our back cover I was most pleased to be invited recently to a government this month, with our interview being with Brett Glencross, ‘think tank’ in Glasgow, Scotland to participate in a forum the Professor for Aquaculture Nutrition at the University of aimed at establishing a network of academic, industrial and Stirling’s Institute of Aquaculture. research council of UK operatives from the BBSRC and NERC. There is much interest now in both the fish and shellfish Finally I ask you to keep more articles coming our way for this is a great opportunity to address the issues and for organisations areas for UK investment and collaboration with considerable and individuals to share their knowledge base, networking and potential for a number of key areas to be supported including technical expertise to the wider readership. the need for sustainable feeds close to this magazine’s interests.

The academic input, coupled with research centred features I also visited the University of Glasgow to discuss biomedical highlight so much progress and innovation within this industry. work using zebrafish where I will advise on special diets for I look forward to the next issue in the summer and your zebrafish to study obesity and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. continued reading whether on-line or with our quality printed There are great opportunities here for using fish nutrition as a format. I now have a seven-year span of magazine issues from tool in clinical medical research.

2009 and find it invaluable to my work and complementary to My new position in Harper Adams University has enabled me my research archives and textbooks. to combine the best of approaches with some more time for Thank you for your continued support!!! travel and meeting so many stake-holders and experts in the Professor Simon Davies aquaculture business and academic sector with progression in a number of areas.

Croeso - welcome

Visit www.aquacultureuk.com for more information

Meet the team at up-coming international events or contact info@aquacultureuk.com

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urabaya, Indonesia hosted Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016 (APA 16) from the 26th to the 29th of April. For aquaculture enthusiasts, it’s inspiring to visit Indonesia, a country that produces more than 14 million tons of aquacultured products. For a visitor from Latin America such as myself, it is extraordinary to see that a country that has the approximate size of Mexico (two million square kilometers) produces more than the whole Latin American and Caribbean region put together; even when just considering their animal production (4.3 million tons). It is shocking considering the vast land mass and the considerable available water resources in the region.

Tilapia and shrimp are still produced in the largest amounts

More than 17 500 islands form Indonesia, and its bays are optimal for tropical marine fish species. Regardless, traditional species like tilapia and shrimp are still produced in the largest amounts while only milkfish contributes significantly to national statistics.

Tropical marine aquaculture has not yet identified a species like salmon worldwide. Although finding a tropical marine fish that is equivalent to tilapia, which is omnivorous, sturdy, easy to hatch and with a market size that can be reached in less than one year, would be even better In Latin America Seriola (rivoliana and lalandi) have been identified as species that can be produced in controlled conditions, that have good survival and most important have good markets.

Although, Seriola’s biggest problem is formulated feed. In practically all the region, except Chile, there isn’t a feed plant that produces good quality feed for marine species.

The lack of good quality feed will soon bankrupt Seriola producers as they currently have to import their feeds from Canada or Europe! The conditions are terrible, on one hand regional feed producers are not willing to invest in producing high quality feed for tropical marine fish because there is not enough volume that justifies their investment, and on the other investors are not willing to bet in marine aquaculture in the region as there is not available high quality feed that can make the activity profitable.

The need to work together

Today all the stakeholders need to work together and solve this problem. It true, we still need to invest many million dollars in marine aquaculture, but at the end the activity will persevere. We have to focus in technology and supplier development as well as in technology transfer. Everybody will have to give up an inch, but the vision is clear… the future is in marine aquaculture.

Dr Antonio Garza de Yta, Director General for Planning, Programming and Evaluation of the National Commission for Aquaculture and Fisheries in Mexico (CONAPESCA).

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The future is marine aquaculture

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Antonio Garza de Yta

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Scottish aquaculture leaders set out inspiring vision for a growth strategy to 2030

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group of leading figures in Scottish aquaculture have joined forces to plan an ambitious strategy for growth to 2030.

By setting out an inspiring vision for continued social, economic and environmentally sustainable growth in aquaculture, the group aims to produce a strategy to boost aquaculture’s contribution to the Scottish economy. It believes there is potential opportunity to increase aquaculture’s current contribution of UK£1.8 billion per annum to up to double its current level by 2030.

The group will produce a strategy document, called the Scottish Aquaculture 2030 Vision for Growth, later this year. The document will back an ambitious vision for sustainable growth with practical recommendations, which the group intends to be time-bound for implementation.

The strategy will cover the entire supply chain, including farming, equipment supply, infrastructure, processing, research & innovation, the role of the public sector, and marketing.

The report will feed into Scotland Food and Drink’s overall industry strategy for 2017-2030.

Co-chairing the group are Stewart Graham, MD of Gael Force Group, and Dennis Overton, Chair of Aquascot, with other group members representing the entire supply chain in aquaculture, from innovation to production to logistics. Input is also being taken from other leading figures from the industry.

Stewart Graham comments, “There’s an opportunity for Scotland’s aquaculture sector to generate up to double its existing annual contribution to the Scottish economy. And it can do so in a way that continues to be sustainable socially, economically and environmentally.

“With industry and public-sector leadership on this, the gains can be significant, long-term and wide-reaching – benefitting all of the wider stakeholder group including local communities and young people, as well as Scotland plc.”

Over the coming months, the group will gather evidence and recommendations from a wide range of stakeholders in Scottish aquaculture. It proposes to produce an ambitious strategy report that seeks to identify the specific actions required to capture the full value opportunity in the autumn of 2016.

According to Dennis Overton, “We intend this report to inspire ambition and follow-up from multiple stakeholders in Scottish aquaculture – among them, SMEs, multinationals, industry organisations, government, public bodies and investors. All these stakeholders have a part to play in generating substantial growth to 2030, and the report will provide them with the vision, the map and the tools to do so.”

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Roy Palmer

Developing the sustainability of food systems, community food justice, and public health success.

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any people around the world, some well-reasoned estimates state in many countries the figure can be as high as 50 percent, fall on and below the poverty line; in fact, many have felt starvation many times. Statistically, a great many children below five years of age are currently severely malnourished.

Although many are able to eat calorie sufficient diets of mainly carbohydrates and fats, these diets contain precious little protein, essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements that are vital for good physical growth and development, and hence to health and learning capabilities.

Let there be no misunderstanding - a poor diet means a less healthy body Unhealthy bodies are prone to illnesses, many “subclinical” no symptoms, in character, and go unheeded, partly because of poor knowledge arising from lack of good education and instruction and, because of poor access to health and other social services because the poor have insufficient or no income.

Regrettably many of the Government policy makers and program implementers collectively work guided by informal, operating “scripts” formed in the organisational psyche of many moons ago. These “scripts” allow for more efficient but often mindless work. It does so by eliminating careful and mindful attention to a great amount of highly nuanced details that change dramatically through time, sometimes abruptly.

This mindlessness allows many mistakes go unchecked.

They may even be rationalised with increasing bad effects on our lives. Bureaucracies become efficient in making obvious mistakes and ‘common sense’ goes out the window. Certainly we are seeing this with politics right around the world at this time.

The bottom line is that the agriculture policies of many current governments have helped to make food environments less healthy for people. There is a need for food systems to be reformed. Agriculture and farm policies need to be aligned with national public health and nutrition goals.

Currently there is a great disconnect between public health diet-related diseases and agriculture policy issues, but they are intimately connected. A systemic strategy that simultaneously focuses on developing the

sustainability of food systems, community food justice, and public health success would have multiple benefits and allow for rich partnerships.

It is a slippery slide and it can be addressed and it is important that the United Nations has stated that this is an important ‘goal’ amongst others in its Sustainable Development Goals to be completed in Agenda 2030.

Things, however, continue to be positive for the AwF with a number of activities and hopefully by the next edition there will be some projects funded.

We have followed up the giant news from The Charity Commission of the UK which confirmed the registration of Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK), as a Charitable Incorporated Organisation – AwF (UK) CIO. The organisation had its inaugural Board of Trustees meeting on 15 April where Clifford Spencer was appointed Chairman; Roger Gilbert his Deputy; Simon Birks as Secretary; and Tuti Tan and Janice Spencer as the Financial Task Force with myself (Global Management).

Darren Parris will head the UK Management Task Force and will initially concentrate on connecting with the milling and grain industry to establish the ‘Milling for Life’ program.

We are currently making changes to our website to accommodate the UK operation so you might see some subtle manoeuvres, but hopefully this will not be seen as a distraction. We have not dropped any issue from the website, just re-organised it.

AwF (UK) CIO will start to build on the strong relationships that we have had in the past as well as new alliances. For example through Cliff Spencer’s role with UN and specifically his role as Goodwill Ambassador to NEPAD we expect to have much closer ties with Africa.

The NEPAD Agency is the implementing agency of the African Union that advocates for NEPAD, facilitates and coordinates the development of NEPAD continent-wide programs and projects, mobilises resources and engages the global community, regional economic communities and member states in the implementation of these programs and projects.

There is a good fit between the organisations in that NEPAD’s Investment Programs are: • Skills and Employment for Youth • Industrialisation, Science, Technology and Innovation • Regional Integration, Infrastructure and Trade

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Roy Palmer is the Executive Director at Aquaculture without Frontiers, Executive Director at Association of International Seafood Professionals and Chairman at Global Initiative for Life & leadership through Seafood (GILLS)

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Following Professor Indah Susilowati (Indonesia) as March Women of the Month we have Professor Stella Williams now retired from the Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) formerly known as the University of Ife in Nigeria as April Woman of the Month. I am constantly inspired from reading the stories about these women in aquaculture/fisheries who make such a fabulous contribution to the cause.

If you would like to nominate a woman to be the next Woman of the Month, please check the website for the criteria and nominate on the form provided.

Our social media outreach continues to expand and we are planning to add a regular bi-monthly Newsletter to our communication strategy very shortly so if you have any ideas on articles, etc then please do not hesitate to contact me. @AwFComms

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Professor Stella Williams: woman of the month

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• Natural Resources, Governance and Food Security There will also be connections made to the new National Aquaculture Centre, which will be operating out of the Humber Seafood Institute in Grimsby, and we will start to create relationships with Universities to enable their students to link into our programs.

The next Board Meeting on my calendar will be in Australia on May 9th 2016. We have all Boards now on a three-month cycle to ensure we are on top of all the important governance issues as well as keeping everyone informed on activities.

We had a great full day session at Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016, in Surabaya, Indonesia. It was a great diverse list of presenters so looking forward to co-chairing this with Dr Dinesh Kaippilly.

The newly-formed partnership between FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI) and Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) has submitted the final paperwork for the ‘Farmer to Farmer’ program in Kenya and has been assembling a team of volunteers to be ready to move. We have been building our relationships with various organisations in Kenya to ensure we are adding value to the work there rather than ‘re-inventing’ activities.

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Ioannis Zabetakis

Is fish really fattening?

rather interesting paper has been published recently on the link between fish consumption during pregnancy and child growth. According to the paper titled, Fish Intake in Pregnancy and Child Growth: A Pooled Analysis of 15 European and US Birth Cohorts, the maternal fish intake in pregnancy has been shown to influence fetal growth.

The objective of the authors was to examine whether fish intake in pregnancy is associated with offspring growth and the risk of childhood overweight and obesity. The authors carried out a population-based birth cohort study of singleton deliveries from 1996 to 2011 in Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and US. A total of 26 184 pregnant women and their children were followed up at two-year intervals until the age of six years. The consumption of fish during pregnancy was monitored. The authors estimated that offspring body mass index (BMI) percentile trajectories from three months after birth to six years of age.

They defined rapid infant growth as a weight gain z score greater than 0.67 from birth to two years and childhood overweight/obesity at four and six years as body mass index in the 85th percentile or higher for age and sex. The median fish intake during pregnancy ranged from 0.5 times/ week in Belgium to 4.45 times/week in Spain. Women who ate fish more than three times/week during pregnancy, gave birth to offspring with higher BMI values from infancy through middle childhood compared with women with lower fish intake (three times/week or less).

High fish intake during pregnancy (More than three times/week) was associated with an increased risk of rapid infant growth, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.22 and increased risk of offspring overweight/ obesity at four years (aOR, 1.14) and six years (aOR, 1.22) compared with an intake of once per week or less. The effect of high fish intake during pregnancy on rapid infant growth was greater among girls (aOR, 1.31) than among boys (aOR, 1.11).

Let me explain at this point what Odds ratio (OR) is. The OR is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. The OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure. So, in other words, in the case of high fish intake (more than times/week) and the associated risk of offspring overweight/obesity at four years, where OR was found to be 1.14, with the probability of this occuring is increased by 14 percent.

However, the extent to which fish intake affects childhood growth and obesity remains unclear. Currently, we do not know the eating patterns of the mothers, or their babies used in this study, their overall calorie intake, their lifestyle etc.

Therefore, we need to be extremely cautious in linking fish consumption to obesity so the answer to the question of the title of this article is probably not. ioannis.zabetakis@ul.ie @yanzabet After an Academic career spanning 12 years in the Univ. of Athens, Ioannis joined University of Limerick (UL) as a Lecturer on Food Lipids where the ongoing focus of his work will be towards the cardioprotective properties of food lipids with particular emphasis on dairy and aquaculture products.

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Alltech release first global aquaculture feed production survey results

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ollowing the highly regarded annual Global Feed Survey and based on several industry requests, Alltech has completed a deeper dive into analysing the growing aquaculture feed sector and the increased finisher feed prices worldwide.

“Aquaculture is the fastest growing segment of the feed industry,” said Aidan Connolly, Alltech’s chief innovation officer and vice president of corporate accounts.

“According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation, fish consumption now exceeds beef consumption per capita, and farmed fish now exceed wild caught. The scale of the industry is leading many policymakers to question practices and methods, particularly in regard to sustainability.

“When we published our 2016 Global Feed Survey, we were presented with more questions regarding the aquaculture sector than any other species,” continued Mr Connolly.

“This was further indication that aqua generates a lot of interest.

No one else has investigated the aquaculture industry in this way and we thought it was time to fulfil that need.”

According to the Alltech 2016 Aquaculture Feed Survey, China was the number one aqua feed producer with 17.3 million tonnes at an average cost per finisher diet of US$850

SAIC to co-fund industry internships

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he Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) is inviting applications from businesses large and small for funding support with BSc, MSc and PhD graduate internships.

The co-funded internships are the latest in a series of initiatives designed to support the Scottish Aquaculture 2030 Vision for Growth and help shape the industry leaders of the future.

In 2015, China led global aquaculture feed production with 17.3 million tonnes at an average cost per finisher diet of US$850. Vietnam and Norway followed with 2.8 and 1.789 million tonnes, respectively; however, the average finisher diets were much higher in cost, with According to the Alltech 2016 Aquaculture Feed Vietnam at US$1333 and Survey, China was the number one aquafeed Norway at US$1100. producer with 17.3 million tonnes at an average cost per finisher diet of US$850 The most expensive finisher diets originated from the Asia-Pacific region, with Korea at Brazil, which finished eighth in the US$1800 and Japan at US$1700. aqua feed survey, fed more than 25 Nearly 50 percent of survey responses different species of fish with its 0.940 indicated their region’s aqua finisher million tonnes in 2015. Deep-bodied diets were more than US$1000 on Amazonian breeds, Pirapitinga, average.

Tambaqui and Pacu, constitute most “Essentially, it comes down to of the Brazilian fish feed production. imported raw materials,” explained “We found that in Brazil, a major Mr Connolly. portion of feed production was “What is produced locally is often not allocated to the typical species in a protected marketplace regulated produced by many other countries,” by government tariffs. The high feed said Mr Connolly. prices in this region, in particular “It turns out that over 40 percent of Japan, are reflected in other species as Brazil’s feed production is allocated to well, such as swine and poultry.” a variety of local, Amazonian species, Shrimp accounted for 21 percent of such as Pacu, Tambaqui, Tambacu and aqua feed production worldwide, with Tambatinga.”

82 percent coming from Asia (India at Alltech’s overall 2016 Global Feed 66 percent, Thailand at 42 percent and Survey estimated international feed Indonesia at 33 percent). Salmon feed tonnage is now at 995.6 million metric production represented 11 percent of tons, a percent increase over last total aqua feed production, and at 52 year and a 14 percent increase since percent, Europe was the number one Alltech first published Global Feed player in this species sector.

Survey results in 2011. The analysis Other top species in terms of feed of five-year trends showed growth production include: predominantly from the pig, poultry Carp (China at 62 percent) and aqua feed sectors.

Catfish (US at 40 percent, Vietnam See the complete results of the at 36 percent and Bangladesh at 35 Alltech 2016 Aquaculture Feed percent) Survey, with data and analyses at Trout (Peru at 74 percent) http://go.alltech.com/aquafeedsurvey SAIC will contribute UK£5000 towards the cost of up to five 12 to 18-month graduate internships, as well as providing two one-day workshops: one delivering training on CV writing and interview techniques; the other an entrepreneurship and innovation day.

Explains SAIC CEO Heather Jones: “SAIC is working closely with the Scottish aquaculture industry to identify what more we can do to help ensure that businesses have access to the skills they need to thrive, now and in the future. These new co-funded internships will connect emerging talent with innovative industry projects,

delivering real value to the companies involved, the sector as a whole and graduates looking to advance their careers. This, in turn, will help forge even stronger links between businesses and academia in Scotland.”

While it is anticipated that each internship will be as individual as the company applying, all must include full-time work for 12 to 18 months; a defined project that will deliver real value for the company and equip graduates with essential business skills; and an assigned mentor or supervisor within the company. http://bit.ly/1rX43j8

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he Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) announced that Taylor Shellfish Farms has become the first US grower to achieve responsible aquaculture certification for a farming operation in Washington State.

The Shelton, Washington State based company received ASC Bivalve Certification for its operation in the South Puget Sound basin, which comprises the Hood Canal and the area south of the Tacoma Narrows, including Olympia and Shelton. The certification was achieved after an on-site assessment by independent auditors SCS Global Services.

Chris Ninnes, ASC’s CEO, announced the company’s certification on March 7th during Seafood Expo North America in Boston, Massachusetts.

The ASC is an independent, not-for-profit organisation co-founded by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and The Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH) in 2010 to manage the certification of responsible fish farming across the globe.

An independent, international organisation, the ASC aims to transform the aquaculture industry to a higher standard through a global certification and labelling program with a focus on good management practices, including the conservation and quality of water resources. The certification system meets international codes of good conduct, including FAO Guidelines for eco-labelling and ISEAL Standard Setting Codes.

“Taylor Shellfish Farms is dedicated to providing our customers with the freshest, highest quality shellfish available and doing so in ways that respect the environment, our communities and the people who work for us,” said Bill Taylor, company CEO. “We believe the ASC to be the gold standard for assessing shellfish farm performance, and we are very gratified to have completed the work to become the first farm in the US to achieve this certification.”

“This achievement distinguishes Taylor Shellfish as an innovator in the seafood market and is proof of their strong commitment to responsible farming and good social practices,” said Chris Ninnes, CEO of the ASC. “We are thrilled they have become the first farm in the United States to join the programme. The US is a hugely important market in terms of global aquaculture consumption and, by partnering with industry leaders such as Taylor Shellfish, we can make a strong case that responsibly farmed fish is better for business and better for the environment.”

The company says it will actively pursue certification for all its farm operations in Washington State.

The ASC Bivalve Standards evaluates the performance

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of shellfish operations against criteria related to the natural environment and biodiversity; water resources and water quality; species diversity, including wild populations; disease and pest management and resource efficiency. The standards also address social issues related to a company’s engagement and support of local communities and the quality of the workplace for employees.

The ASC bivalve standard was finalised in 2012 and the first shellfish farm was certified in South America in 2014.

“Consumers, wholesalers and retailers increasingly want to understand and validate how the products they sell or consume come to market,” Taylor said.

“The ASC’s independence, high standards and transparent process provide a strong assurance that companies that pursue certification take responsible shellfish farming very seriously.”

Credibility and independence, core values of the ASC, are underpinned by the transparency of the audit process.

ASC does not audit the farms itself and the standard is also completely independent of the seafood industry.

Assessment and verification of compliance is performed by an external, third-party auditors known as a certification body. The certification bodies are in turn accredited and monitored by Accreditation Service International (ASI), an independent, international organisation associated with ISEAL. Meaningful engagement is also built into the ASC certification program and public feedback and input from stakeholders is actively solicited during the certification process. Every audit report is made public on the ASC’s website, allowing for stakeholder input through a public comment period, a unique feature of the ASC program, to ensure that the principles of inclusiveness and openness are preserved.

These principles are also enshrined within the ASC’s organisational structure and approach. Everything from standard setting to certification is done in a transparent manner. The ASC engages with NGO’s, academic experts and non-profits to ensure that the standards remain meaningful and robust.

Despite the fact that the first farm only entered assessment in late 2012, at the time of writing there are 243 ASC certified farms in 27 countries and over 100 more in assessment. Certification is available for the most in-demand seafood and the program has an estimated total production volume of more than one million tons.

Consumers can enjoy ASC certified products in more than 54 countries and the program continues to grow to meet global demand. www.asc-aqua.org

Taylor Shellfish first farm to achieve Aquaculture Stewardship Council certification

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An inspirational advocate for gender equality in Africa

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quaculture without Frontiers’ Woman of the Month award for April goes to Professor Stella Williams now retired from the Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) formerly known as the University of Ife in Nigeria. Stella is a truly outstanding scholar, activist and policy advisor on gender and Fisheries Economics in Nigeria.

Women make highly significant but undervalued contributions to the fisheries and aquaculture sector nationally. However, their contributions are only slowly being recognised and still lags behind in rural and peri-urban communities all over Nigeria.

Stella Williams has been an advocate of gender and social equity perspectives in numerous development projects across Nigeria and the African continent. Early in her career, she concentrated her research efforts on value addition along supply chains in the fishing industry but later broadened her research scope to include the study of women in fisheries and aquaculture.

In the last thirty-five years, her primary research and developmental work focused on investigating viable frameworks for user participation in fisheries and aquaculture management, fisheries governance through integration of stakeholders’ knowledge and enhancement of livelihoods and economic development of rural artisanal fisher-folks, in particular the women and children that are often left out in fisheries policy in Nigeria.

Stella Williams is a passionate advocate for the education of girls and educational empowerment for women in agriculture.

She is renowned for mentoring many students and has been instrumental in sourcing funding for them to attend conferences.

Stella designed, advocated for and influenced the inclusion of a new course into the curriculum titled ‘Introduction to Fisheries and Aquaculture’ as a compulsory course in the Faculty of Agriculture at OAU. As a result of the newly introduced course, a number of her undergraduate students who took the course have set up and

Nutriad appoints Area Managers for China

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ultinational feed additive producer Nutriad has appointed Eric Han and Hans Bai as Area Managers for the Northern and Central Region in China. As the company aims to further grow its market share in China, the best talents are invited to be part of the expansion of the Nutriad China team.

BK Chew, APAC Director Nutriad, commented that “Asia Pacific is a

are successfully running commercial fish farms in Nigeria after graduation. She is proud that some of her students have managed to secure jobs in government and prestigious institutions such as the World Bank enabling them to highlight issues surrounding primary industries.

Stella Williams has served on various International, Regional and National Boards where she has assisted in addressing and mainstreaming gender issues. For example, she served on the Executive Committee of IIFET from 1988 to 1992 and discovered that there were very few Africans on the membership roster of IIFET. She successfully worked with the Board to increase the participation of African members in successive conferences by promoting IIFET not only in Nigeria but also throughout the African Continent. Her presentation in Tromso, Norway was a ground-breaking moment and now, making special presentations on gender perspectives in fisheries and aquaculture is an accepted research area of interest as demonstrated at IIFET’s first sub-Saharan African meeting in Tanzania.

While serving on the WorldFish Center Board of Trustees, her primary contribution to the Board was providing the gender perspective needed to enhance the scientific study of fisheries and aquaculture. Similar to her work at IIFET, she helped highlight the research that showed that aside from being processors and marketers of fish; women were also artisanal fisher-folks.

She helped generate the NEPAD (New Partners in African Development) continent-wide policy development that firmly put fish on the agenda for the first time.

Prof Williams is a Fellow of Fisheries Society of Nigeria, African Association of Agricultural Economics, a Fulbright Fellow, 2003-2004 and Vice President, Mundus maris asbl (www.mundusmaris.org).

She is the Founder of the Nigerian Women in Agricultural Research for Development - NiWARD (www,niward.org), an intiative for Nigerian African Women in Agricultural Research and Development beneficiaries, AWARD (www. awardfellowships.org) to share their knowledge and skills for the agricultural transformation agenda nationally with rural communities.

focus region in Nutriad’s strategic growth plans and China is the main growth engine within APAC. The appointment of Eric Han and Hans Bai as Area Managers will enable increased support to our existing customers and partners and promote further growth.”

Eric Han joins Nutriad with extensive experience in the feed additive business and brings an excellent understanding of the industry and customer needs. Hans Bai has a long track record with multinational feed companies and combines both technical and commercial skills.

Said Eric Han, “I look forward

to joining the Nutriad Asia team.

Nutriad has a reputation for innovative products and its attractive portfolio allows us to offer real solutions to our customers”.

Hans Bai added, “Nutriad’s ongoing investments in China, to drive aggressive growth, makes joining Nutriad an exciting next step in my career.”

Nutriad, headquartered in Belgium, provides feed additives and services to over 80 countries worldwide through a network of own offices and distributors, supported by 4 application laboratories and 5 manufacturing facilities located on 3 continents.

8 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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Brakes offers ASC certified prawns to its 50,000 customers

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rakes Group has become the first foodservice supplier to introduce Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certified prawns in the UK. Launched at the end of March, Brakes’ new ASC certified warm water prawns (F114100 M&J Seafood ASC King Prawns, 1kg nett (31-40/lb)) are a natural compliment to its already industry leading range of sustainably and responsibly sourced fish and seafood.

Now thousands of customers at pubs, hotels, restaurants, schools and hospitals across the UK will enjoy prawns and basa sourced from farms that care for the environment, the people and local communities.

Responsible sourcing is a key element of Brakes strategy. Andrew Crawford, Fish & Seafood Category Manager for Brakes, explained how the foodservice provider is looking to grow its range of ASC certified products, starting with the new warm water prawns.

“We want to be seen as market leaders in the provision of sustainably and responsibly sourced fish and seafood, driving the foodservice market in the right direction and the introduction of ASC certified products into our product range will help us to do this,” Mr Crawford said.

“We are proud to offer the biggest range of sustainable fish and seafood in the UK and we also work closely with our customers to help them meet their own commitments. Ultimately, sourcing sustainably and responsibly is the right thing to do.”

Committed to responsibly farmed seafood

In May 2015 Brakes became the first national wholesale foodservice supplier to sign the Sustainable Fish City pledge, committing to source fish and seafood only from demonstrably sustainable and responsible sources for its own brand, general sale range

by May 2016.

As a further extension of their commitment to protect the marine environment, Brakes have also added three lines of ASC certified pangasius basa to their product offerings this month.

“We are gradually tailoring our range to fulfil our commitment and the new ASC certified shrimp and pangasius will help in this process.

We have a long history of sustainable fish and seafood initiatives and accomplishments, and looking at our farmed range is the next logical step,” continued Mr Crawford.

“It’s a significant moment to have the first ASC certified prawn in UK foodservice now available. The commitment by Brakes to offer not only shrimp, but also ASC certified basa, is a strong example that responsible aquaculture is good for business,” said Esther Luiten, Senior Commercial Marketing Manager for ASC. “By choosing ASC certified species, Brakes is supporting farms that protect the environment while offering their customers a responsible choice.”

Pubs, schools and others food service providers that source ASC certified products from Brakes can

apply for an ASC Chain of Custody Certification, which would allow them to use the consumer facing logo. The ASC logo recognises and rewards those who prioritise responsible aquaculture. Furthermore, the logo lets customers know that their meal originates from a responsible source and gives them confidence that their purchase makes a positive contribution to the health of our oceans, local ecosystems and workers’ rights.

Traceability assurance

The ASC certified prawns are sourced from the Vietnamese shrimp farm, Quoc Viet. The family run business was the first Asian shrimp farm to gain ASC certification following independent assessment against the ASC Shrimp Standard.

ASC labelled seafood can be traced back through the supply chain to a responsibly managed fish farm. In order to achieve chain of custody certification each company in the supply chain must meet strict requirements and have in place traceability systems that ensure no product mixing or substitutions can occur.

Do you want more industry news?

The Aquaculturists blog is part of International Aquafeed magazine. While the bi-monthly magazine covers aquafeed issues in-depth, the Aquaculturists takes a lighter approach. Our columnists have a keen eye for the most interesting, relevant and (let’s face it) bizarre aquaculture stories from across the world.

Each weekday we scour the internet for top-notch news and package it for your perusal in one neat daily digest. We welcomed over 25,000 unique visitors to our blog this past month.

http://theaquaculturists.blogspot.co.uk

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 9

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Five years after Tsunami, Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries Cooperative Oyster farms celebrate ASC certification

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ust five years after the east coast of Japan was devastated by a tsunami, the Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries are stronger than ever and celebrating a major milestone.

The Shizugawa Branch of the Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries Co-operative became the first farming collective in Japan to achieve ASC certification on 30 March, 2016. Following an independent assessment against the ASC Bivalve Standard by AMITA, a certification assessment body based in Japan, the co-operative earned ASC certification in recognition of their responsible environmental and social practices.

The accredited farms are situated just off the Pacific Ocean coastline in the southern half of Shizugawa Bay in Togura, Minamisanriku Town, northeast of the Miyagi Prefecture, in northern Japan. Aquaculture in the region dates back to 1899 and has withstood many tsunamis over the centuries. However, most of the aquaculture facilities along this area, including those in the Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries, were destroyed by the tsunami that followed the devastating Tōhoku earthquake in March 2011.

Toshio Sasaki of Miyagi Fishery Cooperative said, “We are so happy about gaining this certification. We members of Shizugawa Fishery Cooperative Association lost everything in the tsunami, not only all our farming facilities but our homes as well as family and friends.

Fortunately the family members and small children who survived the tsunami gave us hope to start again.”

Prior to the tsunami, smallholders ran intensive family farms on small sea surfaces which were overcrowded and unsustainable. Starting over provided an opportunity to introduce responsible practices.

US FDA import tolerance for salmon products achieved

by Fish Vet Group

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ish Vet Group (FVG), a Benchmark Holdings company, have today announced that after working closely with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for more than five years they have successfully obtained an import tolerance for azamethiphos, the active ingredient in Benchmark’s sea lice treatments, Salmosan®, Salmosan® Vet and Byelice®.

The FDA import tolerance assessment process is one of the most rigorous in the world, assessing the safety, residue and

To that end, the local community joined forces with World Wildlife Fund Japan (WWF) to revive the seabed using best practices; including reducing production outputs by a third each year in order establish a thriving and balanced base of aquaculture production. To better manage the farms and the updated farming methods, the farms joined together to form a co-operative, known as Miyagi Prefecture Fisheries Co-operative, Shizugawa Branch.

The co-operative participated in three-year pilot programme funded by a state government grant. At the end of the pilot, families were encouraged to manage their own farms, in accordance with the new responsible farming practices to aid the recovery of the fragile ecosystem.

“Our place of work is the sea and after the tsunami it was hard to return to sea farming again. Not all of us came back of course. Many older members left the fishery,” said Toshio.

“Members who decided to stay had a lot of discussion about farming practices for the future. We decided to set up a sustainable farming area in order for the farming to carry on into the next generation. We reduced farming facilities to one third of that before the earthquake and the quality of the Oysters improved. It now takes one year until harvest where before it took three.”

According to Toshio, “We applied for ASC certification thanks to the great connection with WWF Japan. The ASC certification for our Oysters fulfils a long cherished wish and we are grateful to all the great people who gave us guidance to get the certificate.”

According to Haruko Horii, S ‎ tandards and Certification Coordinator at ASC, “This achievement is a great example of the resilience of the fisheries community in Myagi.

“They are succeeding by not only rebuilding their community, they are also improving it. I am very happy to finally see the first certified farm in Japan coming from this area, and I believe ASC certification will bring further benefit to the community and hope for the future.”

environmental impact of food products imported into the US. The import tolerance has come into immediate effect.

This is a major step forward for Atlantic Salmon producers, the problem of sea lice is an increasing welfare issue and costs the industry more than US$500m per year. Global production of farmed Atlantic salmon is approximately two million tonnes, and of this volume more than 10 percent is exported to the US market annually. Producers can now select from stock treated with any of the current Benchmark sea lice products available on the market today for export to the US. Previously, under US Federal regulations, producers were forced to segregate their stocks with USdestined cages that would not be

treated for sea lice. When all cages cannot be strategically treated as part of an effective Integrated Pest Management plan, the untreated sites act as reservoirs for sea lice, resulting in the area’s sea lice population life cycle remaining unbroken –and driving resistance development.

John Marshall, Technical Director said “Salmon farmers in Norway, Chile, Canada, Faroe Islands, UK and Ireland now have the freedom to develop a robust treatment and management plan for all of their facilities and export salmon treated with Salmosan®, Salmosan Vet® and Byelice® with confidence”.

This move supports Benchmark’s commitment to building a sustainable food chain by offering progressive aquaculture health solutions.

10 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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“Life, made easier” - Jefo seminar in Thailand

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efo launched its Thai office on March 28, 2016 at a hotel in Thailand with a new corporate slogan: “Life, made easier” - for producers, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and consumers.

A seminar on ‘Innovative Solutions and New Approaches To Solve Animal Health Concerns’ was organised.

More than 55 individuals from Thailand as well as from Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam attended the event.

Mr Didier Arnaud, Sales Director, Asia mentioned that the urge to stay closer to partners and bringing quality service at their doorsteps are major motivations to open the office. The office will serve as a hub to offer timely service to the South and South-east Asian region.

Mr Jean-Cristophe Bodin, Innovation & Development Director of Jefo, discussed transformation to the solutions based approach from products. With its diversified range of products from protease to acidifiers to amino acids to toxic binders, Jefo can now provide solutions for a wide range of issues that the industry is facing.

Dr Jowmann Khajarern, a professor from Khon Kaen University discussed “feed formulation and management strategies in poultry and swine under tropical conditions.

She emphasised better genetics, better quality feed, efficient environmental and feed management are key for maintaining healthy and happy animals. Additives such as acidifiers and enzymes are important to combat many

problems the industry is facing today.

Dr Kabir Chowdhury, Global Technical Manager of Aquaculture discussed the Jefo solution targeting protein optimisation and feed cost reduction available for the industry. He emphasised that cost of proteins is the major cost to produce animal and animal feed. He added that optimisation of protein using protease enzymes not only reduces the cost of feed and animal production but also helps in nitrogenous waste reduction.

Dr Glenmer Tactacan, Technical Specialist, Jefo and Mr Jean Christophe Bodin also discussed solutions and strategies for antibiotic free production and AGP reduction in poultry and swine production. Controlling salmonella and E. coli is a huge challenge for the industry and Jefo can provide cost-effective and timely solutions with its range of organic acid and essential oil products developed based on its own micro-matrix technology.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 11

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Indonesian government meets Scottish traceability business to eliminate illegal fishing

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he Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Susi Pudjiastuti, has met with UK-based traceability software provider Traceall Global as part of a visit programme to Scotland to launch a project that aims to reduce illegal fishing, which is costing Indonesia US$20bn a year*.

Illegal fishing in Indonesian waters is a huge issue for the government’s Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF). Although currently capturing 1.5 tonnes of illegal fish annually** it faces difficulties in tracking vessels around the country’s islands and archipelagos.

As part of her visit, the Ministry signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to work with, Glasgow based, Traceall Global to carry out an initial pilot project aimed at reducing illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU).

The aim of the full rollout of Traceall Global’s FishTrace Technology will be to use advanced monitoring and traceability technology to eliminate IUU completely.

depleted stocks in Indonesian waters, we have been destroying the illegal fishing vessels, however this is not something we can sustain. The traceability software we are using via Traceall Global will help us eliminate IUU and provide full traceability throughout our supply chain.”

Traceall Global CEO, Alan Steele, said: “Since seeing my own local fishing community in Scotland deplete 30 years ago, it has been my passion to put fish back in our oceans. To achieve this we have been working with partners around the world, combatting IUU, slavery and unsustainable overfishing.

“It is truly compelling to see such commitment and proactivity from the Indonesian Government, as they seek to work together with us and the fishing fleets in Indonesia to remove all illegal fishing and slavery. It has been a privilege to host Minister Susi Pudjiastuti in Scotland and plan how Traceall Global can help her achieve her objective of eliminating IUU completely.”

The Indonesian Government met with Traceall Global for the MOU signing in Glasgow on Thursday 21st April, and then will travel to Edinburgh where over 100 Indonesian students will meet with Susi Pudjiastuti. To support the implementation of the Traceall Global traceability system in Indonesia the business will initially be employing two Indonesian Business students to work with the team from their headquarters in Glasgow with the aim of growing the team significantly as the project rolls out.

Pictured signing papers at the Scottish Enterprise offices in Glasgow today, L to R: Susi Pudjiastuti This week Bali (Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries), Dr Ir Slamet (Director General of Aquaculture) Agus Suherman (Director of Fishing Ports) and Allan Steele (CEO Traceall Global) Seafoods has also signed a MOU with Traceall Global to install their Traceall Global will work with the Indonesian Government traceability software into four processing plants that are in to develop an electronic fisheries management logbook, development in Indonesia. This will be one of the first fully eliminating the existing paper based logging process integrated traceability systems in Indonesia reflecting the moving all data capture to 24-hour real time systems. The Governments regulations on IUU. new systems will be implemented on all Indonesian fishing In Europe Traceall Global has previously worked with vessels to support the tracking and traceability of their the EU Government to develop the European Commission fishing catch and achieve the Indonesian Government’s laws on Food Traceability. It has also helped the UK objective of stopping illegal fishing.

Government (DEFRA) create electronic traceability Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, standards for the UK fishing industry, to eliminate illegal Susi Pudjiastuti, said: “Illegal fishing is a massive issue fishing and over-fishing, which resulted in a 100 percent in Indonesia which is currently costing the Indonesian reduction. economy US$20bn each year. In order to protect the (Sources: * Financial Times ** World Ocean Review) 12 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND

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FEBRUARY, U. A. E.

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JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

VIV CHINA 2016

SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA

VIV RUSSIA 2017

MAY 23-25, MOSCOW, RUSSIA*

*May 23: invitation only

WWW.VIV.NET International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 13

VIV TURKEY 2017

APRIL 27 - 29, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

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ASC release terms of reference for marine finfish standard development

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he Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) has released Terms of Reference (ToR) for the development of new marine finfish standards.

The announcement was made against the backdrop of Seafood Expo Global 2016 in Brussels and represents a first for the ASC. The ToR advocates the development of standards for new marine finfish species based on the soon to be released standard for seriola and cobia.

Because the knowledge and expertise necessary for the development of standards for seriola, cobia and, in come cases salmon, is applicable to the development of standards for similar fish and farming systems, the forthcoming release of the seriola and cobia standard creates an opportunity to test the applicability of the standard to expand the programme. This is the first time the ASC has taken such an approach.

“The increasing demand for healthy protein has lead to a steep rise in aquaculture production around the world,” said Chris Ninnes, CEO of ASC. “With fish increasingly becoming essential to global food supply, concerns about the effects of fish farming on people and the ecosystem have escalated. Ensuring people —those who work on the farm and those living in the surrounding community— are protected from harmful practices is paramount for businesses; and a key feature of the ASC standards. It is therefore important that the ASC establishes standards for fish types not currently covered by the

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programme to further protect the aquatic environment and make sure that farms operate to the best social standard.”

The ToR is a direct result of the many requests ASC has received to create a standard for barramundi, European seabass and seabream. If it is determined that using the seriola and cobia standard is feasible this will provide a quicker route to the creation of standards for new species.

As a market-based programme, the ASC must find ways to effectively respond to the needs of the growing community of farms and retail partners seeking certification for an increasing range of species. This new process could be an innovative way to leverage efficiencies across the organisation in order to respond more quickly to calls for new standards that will help farmers, workers, local communities and improve environmental protection.

The ASC standards address the negative impacts of fish farming, including dependence on fish for feed; inadequate supply of seed; lack of appropriate techniques; discharges of organic matters, phosphorus, and nitrogen; fish escapes; transfer of diseases parasites between farmed and wild fish; and introduction of nonindigenous species. It also mandates that all workers have freedom of association, employment contracts inline with ILO regulations, no child-labour and that the communities in which farms are situated be consulted on farm operations.

As part of a comprehensive programme that expands the use of responsible practices in the aquaculture industry, the ASC makes a significant contribution to mitigating negative impacts ‘on the water’, especially in countries where best practices for environmental and social responsibility are not yet the norm. A unique feature of the programme is the use of performance metrics to measure impacts of farming.

The ToR for marine finfish will officially begin with a field test of the seriola and cobia standard on selected finfish farms that have informed the ASC that they wish to be included in these initial pilots. No certificate is expected from the preliminary field-testing, however the results will help identify gaps between the existing seriola and cobia standard and what may be necessary to create a robust certification for other marine finfish. The feasibility of addressing these gaps will be evaluated, changes will be proposed and consulted on and a process to operationalise the new standard will be developed.

In the event that the pilot demonstrates that the use of the seriola and cobia standard is not feasible, the results of the pilot would provide important information to speed up the development of on-going and future standard development processes.

This ToR and associated pilot activity will also inform the emerging structure of ASC’s core standard development.

The document is now open for public comments and all feedback should be submitted using the form provided in the Annex to the ToR on the ASC website. Farms wishing to engage in the pilot assessments should contact an accredited certifier to undertake the audit and register interest with the ASC.

14 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

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ROteINSECT fish feeding trials demonstrated insect meal can replace up to 50 percent of feed without affecting animal performance.

PROteINSECT pig feeding trials revealed improved gut health in piglets. PROteINSECT poultry feeding trials showed that chickens fed on insect-containing diets performed as well as those fed on commercial diets Following three years of international research into the potential of insect protein in animal feed, the EC-funded PROteINSECT project has published a White Paper setting out recommendations for future use of this additional protein source in Europe.

Since 2013, experts from Europe, China and Africa have been investigating the use of two species of fly larvae in the diets of chicken, pigs and fish, carrying out feeding trials and analysing quality and safety of rearing farmed flies on organic waste substrates such as manure.

Their research findings are summarised in the White Paper published on 27 April along with recommended next steps to help European policy makers, legislators, industry and consumers grasp ‘the insect opportunity’.

The document, titled ‘Insect Protein – Feed for the Future: Addressing the need for feeds of the future today’, encompasses safety, nutritional value, environmental impact, commercialisation and consumer acceptance of insect protein in animal feed. It endorses two key actions: 1. A review of Regulation EC 999/2001 and Regulation EC 1069/2009, which prohibit a) the use of insects as a source of protein for animal feed for animals raised for human consumption; and b) the rearing of insects on manure or catering waste, respectively 2. A commitment to undertake the necessary research to ensure that the required evidence is available for the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to carry out a full risk profile for insects reared on organic wastes (building on EFSA’s ‘Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed’ published in October 2015).

Dr Elaine Fitches, PROteINSECT project co-ordinator, said, “We are delighted to share our White Paper as a key stepping stone towards furthering our understanding of the potential for the use of insects in animal feed in Europe.”

Copies of the White Paper have been distributed to key members of the European Parliament and it was formally presented at PROteINSECT’s final conference in Brussels on 27 April.

PROteINSECT’s White Paper is designed to safeguard the impact and legacy of its research, ensuring that the potential of insects to make a valuable contribution to existing and future animal feed demand in Europe is fully realised.

“The protein gap in Europe is a very real risk to social, economic and environmental progress,” said Dr Fitches.

“As we seek sustainable European long term solutions we must consider the benefits that the introduction of insects specifically fly larvae - could have on the content of animal feed.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 15

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PROteINSECT project’s key publication recommends review of insect protein legislation & funding to help address European protein deficit

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White Paper published on insect protein for feed

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Funding awarded for research into sea lice impact on aquaculture

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lymouth University and the Universidad de Chile are leading a new research project to investigate the issue of sea lice infestation that is costing the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry millions of pounds in lost stock and treatment strategies.

The two year project will bring together experts across biotechnology, microbiology, immunology and pathology to study the effect that the lice have upon the salmon’s skin and gut defences and the way it hampers physiological processes and their ability to withstand other infections.

Funded by a UK£385,000 grant from the Biotechnology

L to R: William Currie, Rafael Opazo, Daniel Merrifield, Verónica Cornejo, Martin Llewellyn, Ted Henry and Jaime Romero

and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Chilean government (CONICYT), the project will identify which factors are involved in determining salmon susceptibility to lice in order to develop effective measures to address this increasingly global issue, one that costs the UK aquaculture sector alone more than UK£20 million annually.

Dr Daniel Merrifield, Lecturer in Fish Health and Nutrition at the Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Facility at Plymouth University, said: “Copepod

Great ambitions behind new local biotech production

parasites (sea lice) are a major factor limiting growth in the global salmonid aquaculture sector. Economic losses associated with infections cost the Chilean aquaculture industry in excess of US$120 million per year, and it represents a major risk for global food security.”

Current strategies to control sea lice have included the administration of a number of licensed and antiparasitic drugs, but the parasites have become increasingly resistant, leaving salmon farms vulnerable to infestation. It also threatens related industries such as traditional fisheries due to the potential transfer of infection from cultured fish to those in the wild.

Plymouth academics will work with colleagues at the Universities of Aberdeen (Prof Sam Martin), Glasgow (Dr Martin Llewellyn), Heriot Watt (Dr Ted Henry), and the Universidad de Chile (Dr Jaime Romero) and key industrial partners including BioMar, Lallemand and Veterquimica, to examine what impact the sea lice have upon the skin mucus which forms the fish’s first line of defence, and how the salmon responds to that infestation.

Dr Jaime Romero said: “Our main goal is to explore the relationship between mucosal health, diet and microbiota in salmon, with knowledge then being transferred to other aquaculture species in the North African/Middle Eastern aquaculture sectors, including sea breams, European/Asian sea basses, mullets, and groupers.”

“Understanding both lice and salmon responses to infection will lead to the development of novel feed ingredients that will benefit the industry” added Dr John Tinsley from BioMar. The researchers will then look at the efficacy of dietary supplements on the fish’s immune system, the microbes on its skin and its ability to develop resistance to sea lice infestation – as well as investigating the impact of dietary supplements upon the lice. These findings will then be validated on a commercial farming scale to help inform suitable future treatment strategies for aquaculture to improve the salmon’s resistance to infestation.

Heather Jones, CEO of the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre, who has previously highlighted that the control of sea lice is a high priority, said “The project will have important implications as to what the most efficient sea louse control strategies are for Scotland and Ireland.” http://salmonlousemicrobiome.org

Unibio CEO Henrik Busch-Larsen

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he biotech company Unibio, which won the Danish Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year competition in 2015, is to construct new production facilities in Kalundborg, Denmark.

The facilities - which are to employ unique new technology to produce sustainable protein for animal feed will be built in connection with Kalundborg’s former water purifying plant.

The new production facilities will be built in cooperation with Cowi and CKJ Steel, among others, and construction is expected to be finished by end-2016.

CEO Henrik Busch-Larsen states that Unibio’s technology has great global perspectives. A major capital round is already being planned, and Unibio

makes no attempt to hide that the company aims for a future IPO. Henrik Busch-Larsen goes on to say that the entire production from the future production facilities in Kalundborg has already been sold to a Danish animal feed producer.

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nvironmental and energy sustainability are two major challenges for the aquaculture sector.

Electricity costs - together with feedstock and temperature control - have become one of the factors with the highest impact on final consumer price.

In addition, it is crucial to keep dissolved oxygen levels constant during finfish production, making it essential to use water aeration systems which have high rates of energy consumption. Aiming to solve this major challenge for the sector, the LIFE AQUASEF project is working on oxygen production through the most efficient alternative techniques.

One partner in the project, D&B Tech, has developed two prototypes: MicroBtech, especially designed for reproduction and pre-fattening modules; and O2BT, specifically for fattening aquaculture ponds. They employ a cross-flow system in which air and water are pumped through conduits into a specially designed membrane to generate small bubbles with an associated reduction in energy consumption. As expert Javier Dávila points out, “the secret is in the size of the bubble, which is minimal”.

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Eco-efficient systems reduce energy consumption by up to 30%

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News

It is important to stress that the technology has been tested under real productive conditions in the facilities of another partner, Esteros de Canela (Ayamonte, Huelva).

This farm manages the entire production cycle from hatchery to on-growing stages, which has allowed it to work with the two prototypes.

“Two grills with six aerators have been tested, each one with two floats to keep aeration systems at the desired depth inside the tank”, details Mr Dávila.

Results from MicroBTech testing have shown a better dissolution of oxygen bubbles at depth, preventing the gas losses associated with conventional devices (ceramic and porous membrane among others). O2BTech, the outdoor prototype, has successfully replaced commercial oxygen with atmospheric oxygen, thanks to the high transfer efficiency of gas in the device.

“These aerators provide an economic and sustainable alternative for the aquaculture sector by allowing producers to replace commercial oxygen with atmospheric oxygen with the same oxygen capacity as current techniques. Besides, energy savings with this technology are up to 30 percent of the original cost resulting from the energy needed to aerate the tank,” he concludes.

www.aquasef.com

AQUACULTURE TRAINING In the EU, approximately 75 percent of the industrially produced compound feed is pelleted.

Highest demands are put on quality. An essential evaluation criterion for pellet quality is abrasion stability.

A multitude of influencing factors must be paid attention to, like eg physical and chemical properties of the feed formulation, steam quality, conditioning, operating parameters of pellet mills, cooling, as well as stability of thermo-sensitive additives.

Conditioning, pressing and cooling require more than half of the energy necessary for the production of compound feed. The rising energy costs require the utilisation of possible savings. So it is worthwhile to leverage knowledge and competence for optimised process control!

To help you do precisely that, the IFF is offering a practical course: “Pelleting of compound feed” on June 7-8, 2016, at their centre in Braunschweig, Germany.

Technical knowledge on pelleting will be given both in lectures and in practical exercises at the pilot plant of

IFF practical course: ‘Pelleting of compound feed

the institute. In practical tests, different measuring and test methods will be introduced. The participants will be enabled to improve the handling and control of the pelleting process in daily practice with simple means.

The course mainly appeals to employees who are directly involved in the pelleting process and can influence significantly the essential quality properties of the produced pellets (abrasion stability, moisture) by their technical know-how and experience.

The participation in this course is especially recommended for the training and further education of persons who have entered the compound-feed industry from other industries.

Course contents: • Agglomeration • Measurement and pellet quality • Steam generation • Operating parameters for pelleting • Cooling • Stability of additives • Energy management • Practical parts ‘Pelleting and pellet quality I + II’ The practical courses will take place time-shifted in small groups. The lectures will be given in English. Registration closes 17 May 2016.

Download further details and registration form at http:// bit.ly/1SQYUPb

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 17

FEATURE

POTENTIAL FOR EUROPEAN LOBSTER MARICULTURE by, Dr Carly Daniels and Charlie Ellis, The National Lobster Hatchery, Padstow, UK

Photo: Dr Carly Daniels, Research and Development Officer at the National Lobster Hatchery, holds a juvenile European lobster reared in a sea-based container culture system in Cornwall, UK

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FEATURE

containers moored at sea. Sea-based container culture (SBCC) he European lobster (Homarus avoids many of the rearing costs associated with aquaria-based gammarus) is an ecologically important operations, and is currently the focus of research aiming to species of the North-eastern Atlantic enhance the effectiveness of stocking programs and initiate a which supports wild trap fisheries that novel mariculture sector. are worth around £30 million each year to the UK alone. By weight the species is the highest-value seafood The National Lobster Hatchery among those landed regularly in the As global demand for seafood grows, we require a more UK and Ireland, where 75 percent of thorough understanding of methods designed to enhance the the ~5,000t annual landings for the species are made. As such, abundance of high value species, restore depleted fisheries, lobsters provide essential diversity to fragile inshore fisheries and and build resilience and sustainability into seafood supply. vital income for rural coastal economies. However, populations The work of the National Lobster Hatchery (NLH) in Padstow, across its range are pressured by rising exploitation, from which UK, focusses upon these pressing issues. The NLH is a charity traditional fisheries management has failed to prevent extensive focussing on conservation, education and research, established regional stock collapses in the recent past, and now struggles to in 2000 with the goal of undertaking stock enhancement to help stimulate recovery. While lobsters have long been transported support the sustainability of the local H. gammarus fishery. as a live export commodity, chiefly to France and the Iberian Recent years have seen substantial advances in the charity’s peninsula, emerging markets, particularly those in East Asia, outputs, with over 150,000 juvenile lobsters admixed into local threaten to create additional demand for the species which stocks around the coasts of Cornwall and the nearby Isles of far exceeds current capture yields. Improvements in hatchery Scilly since 2009. A harbour side visitor centre, from which rearing success have seen a number of recent aquaculture initiatives Lobsters share their rearing containers with a diverse employed, in the hope of both community of organisms which generating restoration and improved settle around them and provide plentiful food. Self-seeded scallops sustainability of wild harvests, and readily co-habit with lobsters, instigating commercial aquaculture raising the prospect of multi-species shellfish culture. possibilities.

Of the three major aquaculture practices –resource enhancement, product enhancement, and full grow-out – the majority of hatchery culture of H. gammarus has been applied via resource enhancement, the improvement of wild capture harvests via the release of hatcheryreared juveniles (‘hatchery stocking’, including both restocking and stock enhancement). These strategies should be well suited to H. gammarus, a high-value, fecund species with planktonic early life-stages which are presumed to be subject to considerable visitors can view the hatchery rearing process, routinely attracts recruitment bottlenecks in nature, and monitored trials have over 43,000 people per year, and has been complemented in demonstrated a proof-of-principle of hatchery stocking. recent years by an outreach programme that visits schools, Having been reared from the clutches of wild-mated females, universities and community groups to introduce seafood considerable numbers of released lobsters have been recovered conservation issues and highlight the need for sustainable in the wild, having survived, attained maturity, and mated fisheries and aquaculture. successfully across multiple locations and ecotypes across a The project also supports a specialist research team, who have broad section of the species’ range, although direct economic helped further our understanding of wild lobster biology via a viability of the approach is still to be rigorously assessed. range of ecological studies, as well as providing biotechnical Product enhancement, the captive on-growth of wild-captured advances to improve and stabilise hatchery production. The NLH stock to improve marketability, as is practice in Tuna aquaculture, is a founding member of ELCE – the European Lobster Centre is at present prevented in European Lobster by a lack of necessity of Excellence – a network of specialists in lobster biology and combined with of our enduring inability to locate wild H. culture who collaborate in research and meet to share knowledge gammarus juveniles and strict fishery minimum landing sizes. and experiences to further the shared goals of developing lobster Technological progress has raised the possibility that fullconservation, stocking and aquaculture programmes. The NLH grow out aquaculture may soon attain commercial applications. research team is now attracting national and international Encouraging developments in recent years have seen the captive recognition for its work tackling some of the remaining barriers culture of European lobster to marketable sizes in Norway, whose to the development of clawed lobster aquaculture. own wild fishery was decimated by stock collapse in the middle of the twentieth century. Considerable complications arise from The Lobster-Grower projects the species’ slow growth rate and willingness to cannibalise when The NLH has spent a proportion of the past the past six years confined communally in captivity, but significant potential has investigating the potential for rearing lobsters at sea in container been identified in the mariculture of hatchery-reared juveniles in systems, following initial success with clawed lobsters across International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 19

FEATURE

Dr Carly Daniels, Research and Development Officer at the National Lobster Hatchery, deploys a mature stack of rearing containers in Cornwall, UK, under the watchful eye of Mr Gary Rawle, who is hosting the lobster rearing trials at his Westcountry Mussels of Fowey shellfish farm.

several countries during the previous decade. In 2014, the NLH engaged a diverse consortium of expert partners to assist in the development of the equipment and techniques required to pioneer and evaluate the mariculture of hatchery-reared lobster juveniles. This project, named ‘Lobster Grower’ and jointly funded by Innovate UK and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), designed and lab tested bespoke containers compatible with the developmental requirements of lobsters and integration into existing UK mariculture operations, a step further on from previous trials which focussed on the use of oyster spat containers.

A follow-up project, Lobster Grower 2, has now been awarded by the same funders, allowing the diverse set of partners to field-test these bespoke containers. Alongside the NLH, the University of Exeter, Westcountry Mussels of Fowey (WMoF), the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) and Falmouth University will be investigating the performance of these novel rearing containers to support semi-intensive lobster culture in the ocean environment. Over the next three years the consortium will be assisting WMoF to rear lobsters alongside their existing rope-grown bivalve culture operations, and developing and testing novel systems for securing containers.

An extensive environmental monitoring program will help reveal the influence of environmental conditions on the growth and survival of lobsters, as well as detecting any impacts of lobster culture on the surrounding ecosystem. Biological, ecological and hydrodynamic data arising from the project will be combined with information on social, operational and financial requirements to create an aqua-economic model which will be available to potential industry start-ups to help predict production and economic returns.

Benefits of Sea Based Container Culture

SBCC has significant advantages over recirculation-based rearing methods, which are often associated with high capital and operational costs, including: having no continuous energy

costs, no immediate need for valuable seafront buildings, and even no requirement for processed feed; the lobsters are thought to initially feed on planktonic organisms before subsisting on animals and algae which settle on and encrust the container. Some trials have suggested that growth and survival rates in SBCC can exceed those attained in hatchery on-growing vessels, despite SBCC lobsters experiencing lower average temperatures. Rearing lobsters at sea also appears to promote natural behaviours, and traits that are likely to be important to wild survival. The performance of maricultured lobsters in these trials raises hopes that the SBCC method could provide a dual opportunity to develop sustainability and resilience in the lobster supply chain; as well as raising the possibility of initiating aquaculture applications, rearing at sea may well fulfil an important role in the ecological conditioning of hatchery lobsters destined for wild release.

Although hatchery lobsters innately develop some behaviours which are critical to their post-release survival, settlement success is enhanced by adaptation to the natural environment, and the comparatively enriched semi-wild SBCC environment appears to promote attributes which are likely to enhance the effectiveness of stock enhancement and restocking schemes, increasing their overall benefit to fishery recruitment.

As well as supporting the development of juvenile lobsters, SBCC systems provide an ideal settlement environment for a variety of other valuable shellfish species, including mussels and scallops, inviting the prospect that they could support multi-species coastal mariculture operations of considerable value and exceptional sustainability credentials. While no lobsters have yet been reared to current fisheries landing sizes in SBCC systems, there may be considerable appetite among consumers and luxury seafood suppliers for lobsters which are slightly smaller than those currently accessible to the fishery.

The realisation of commercial-scale lobster mariculture could facilitate this market diversification and help to offset pressure on dwindling natural stocks, and the NLH hopes to be at the forefront of efforts to conserve both the species’ wild populations and the livelihoods of coastal communities who target them.

20 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 21

MUD CRAB FEATURE

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by Dr B Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Telangana, India

ud crabs, also known as mangrove crabs, occur widely in estuaries and along tropical, subtropical and warm temperate coasts in the world.

There are four species of mud crab (Family: Portunidae), Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica, S. paramamosain and S. olivacea that are the focus of both commercial fisheries and aquaculture production throughout their distribution. They are among the most valuable crab species in the world, with the bulk of their commercial production sent live to market.

Mud crab constitutes an important secondary crop in the traditional prawn or fish culture systems in some of the coastal states & Union Territories and has become increasingly popular by virtue of its meat quality and large size.

In India, the mud crabs have come into prominence in the early

FARMING IN INDIA

eighties with the commencement of live crab export to the South East Asian countries which has created a renewed interest in the exploitation as well as in the production of mud crabs through aquaculture see Table 1.

Among six, two species of mud crabs, namely Scylla serrate and Scylla tranquebarica are found in the inshore seas, estuaries, backwaters, coastal lakes and mangrove swamps of all maritime states on the main land and the creeks and bays of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Both the species co-exist in the inshore sea as well as in the inland brackish waters preferring muddy or sandy bottom.

The immense market demand for mud crab

Scylla serrata, commonly known as the mud crab or green crab, has an immense market demand all over the world, particularly in

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South East Asian countries. This seafood delicacy is considered as one of the tastiest of all crab species. This is often sold in live, in many international markets. India earns foreign exchange to the tune of 18 million US $ by exporting live mud crab captured from the low-lying coastal belts across the country.

Therefore, natural stocks of mud crab in the country are under constant pressure from fishing.

Culture practices

Among the edible species, Scylla serrata, is popular because of its size, meat quality, high price and export potential. The ability of mud crab to grow fast and its suitability for culture in brackish water and estuarine areas make it attractive to develop mud crab culture/fattening programmes in India to meet the increasing demand for export and domestic market.

A community-based crab fattening in cages project was implemented first time in Tamil Nadu state in 2006 for alternative livelihood purposes especially for the fisher women.

This has proved to be a great success not only in terms of generating extra income to the family through the Self Help Groups (SHG) but also in creating an awareness among fisher folk about the value of marine resources and the need for conservation and sustainable utilisation.

There are two basic forms land-based mud crab culture practices - fattening of crabs with low flesh content/ water crabs and grow-out of juveniles to market size. The most common culture systems for mud crab growout are pond culture and mangrove culture.

Mud crab farming is traditionally a small-scale, family-run business in India. Earthen ponds are commonly used in pond culture. With simple modifications, existing marine shrimp ponds utilised for mud crab growout in some areas. The size, of the ponds are generally between 0.3 and 0.5 hectare with a water depth between 0.8 and 1.5 metres.

Various structures, most often simple net fences, but sometimes also concrete or lined pond banks, are constructed to prevent escapes. The more commonly used system is semi-intensive enclosures, often constructed in intertidal zones using easily harvested bamboo. The stocking density is generally between one and five crabs per square meter.

Feeding

Care is taken to provide sufficient food for better growth and also to avoid cannibalism. Although crabs can utilise natural diets, supplementary feeds like trash fish, animal offal, cheap mollusks and sometimes formulated feeds for marine shrimp, are used to feed mud crabs.

Feeding rates are generally between three and ten percent of biomass, with a decreasing feeding ratio as they mature.

The culture period for growout from juvenile to market size is generally five to eight months, and survivals of 30-70 percent are commonly achieved. The duration of fattening is normally 20 days. Fattening of mud crab is popularly undertaken in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Orissa and West Bengal.

Harvesting

The crabs are harvested after the shell hardens and before the next moulting. The harvesting can be effectively done in tide-fed ponds by letting in water through the sluice into the pond during high tide. As the water starts flushing in, the mud crabs tend to swim against the incoming water and congregate near the sluice gate.

The crabs can be caught with the help of a scoop nets and also by hand picking at the lowest low tide levels. Harvesting preferably in the early morning hours or evening.

Marketing

Mud crabs are popular throughout the Indo-Pacific region, particularly in countries where they occur naturally. They remain alive out of water for considerable periods of time (more than 1 week when kept moist) after capture and are traditionally marketed alive. However, they are also sold as a frozen for the newly emerging soft-shell crab market. Although the price may vary substantially from country to country, mud crabs are generally a high-priced seafood item in local markets.

The scope for live mud crabs export has opened up good opportunities for crab farming/fattening. Export market of live crab especially to South East Asian countries is picking up steadily. Kerala is a major supplier to the export trade and Chennai is the main centre of live mud crab exports to Singapore and Malaysian markets. Crab is poised to be the next potential sea food in the world market among the marine crustaceans next to shrimp and lobsters.

The export as well as domestic market of crab is met through crab landings from the natural collection / harvest from the sea as also from the brackish water areas. Frozen crab meat and live crabs are exported from India to south East Asian countries.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 23

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Scylla serrata is much in demand in the domestic market and fetches a good price, compared to other species of crab. Medium and large crabs of more than 14cm carapace width and weighing more than 400g are collected exclusively for export purposes from West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

The rates vary for live crabs depending on its size. Live mud crabs of 100grams to 300 grams will earn US$5 to US$7 and those weighing more than 400 grams earn US$11. In India, live crabs retail at IMR 300 to 350 in Bangalore and Delhi. During the peak season from June to September the catch can go up to one to two tons per day and it dwindles thereafter.

Table 1: Commercially important crab species and its production source in India.

Scientific Name

Production source

Common size of growth (Carapace width)

Green crab

Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775)

Capture & Aquaculture

13-15 cm

Green crab

Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798)

Capture & Aquaculture

20-22 cm

Red crab

Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796)

Capture

13-15 cm

Spotted crab

Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783)

Capture

10-12 cm

Blue crab

Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus,1766)

Capture

10-15 cm

Cross crab

Charybdis cruciata (Mc Neill, 1929)

Capture

10-15 cm

Common Name

Role of MPEDA & RGCA

Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA), a nodal agency set up by the Government of India in 1972 for the promotion of seafood exports from India. In order to strengthen the production base of the mud crab so as to facilitate a sustainable source of mud crab for export, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA), the research and development arm of MPEDA, has established a mud crab (Scylla serrata) hatchery in the state of Tamil Nadu in 2013 that regularly produces juvenile crablets for its demonstration farm and local farmers.

This hatchery is one among very few mud crab hatcheries in the world, Philippines, Vietnam and China being the other countries having them. The hatchery has been regularly been producing mud crab seed reared to crablet sizes at its demonstration farm and supplying to farmers in the area. Crablets have also been supplied to several research institutions like the Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture (CIBA) and National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) for their farming demonstrations.

The facility has also been carrying out ranching of crablets in estuarine and mangrove areas in Tamil Nadu from time to time for natural stock enhancement.

Owing to the highly cannibalistic nature of the larvae of this species, larval rearing of mud crabs is a very challenging task and survival rates achieved are extremely low when compared to other crustacean species and species of finfish. But, the scientists at RGCA have achieved a breakthrough survival of 7 to 14 percent against the world average survival rates of 3 percent.

This encouraging breakthrough achieved by RGCA can open up avenues for commercialisation of mud crab hatchery technology leading to organised mud crab aquaculture in the coastal areas of the country especially among the weaker sections of the society giving them an alternate livelihood option and also strengthens the production base of mud crab for export in live and value added products. This can

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also result in reducing the fishing pressure on the natural stocks and thereby facilitating natural stock enhancement in the mangrove forests.

Identifying live crab exports as a potential money spinner, the Indian seafood industry is all set to rear mangrove crabs, so as to scale up the export of the crustacean that commands high price in the global market, particularly in Southeast Asia. The MPEDA has begun farming of crabs in the mangroves of Sindhudurg district in Maharasthra state through coastal fishermen. Green mangrove crab is a much sought-after variety and fetches a price of INR 1,000 to Rs 1,400 a kg in the world market.

At present, mud crabs are reared in farms or ponds in states like Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. The seeds are supplied by the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture in Tamil Nadu, the R&D wing of MPEDA, which achieved a breakthrough in crab hatchery districts of India; owing to the good demand and better price technology with one of the highest survival rates in the world. of mud crab in the international market. Mud crab has emerged The seeds are farmed by the self help groups of local fishermen as a good potential exportable commodity as well as means of and then supplied to the exporters once it reaches full size in livelihoods of the coastal poor communities in India. Though around ten months. Live crab exports, mostly done by air from mud crab constitutes an important secondary crop in the Chennai and Mumbai, are at present pegged around INR 220 traditional prawn or fish culture systems in some of the coastal crore (2,200 million) annually and has grown only marginally states, the state’s coast has yet to fully wake up to its potential. over the past few years.

The fattening of mud crab, which is non-existent there, can Once the mangrove rearing becomes widespread, MPEDA provide employment opportunities for the fisher folk as a means hopes to increase it several times. To ensure steady supply of of alternative livelihood besides promoting crab fishery. seeds, the agency is in the process of setting up another hatchery Research institutes and the Central Marine Fisheries Research in Maharashtra. The crab exports have not picked up in a big way Institute (CMFRI) should create awareness among farmers ariculture, Inc. | 2016 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: All-in-One Rotifer Feeds Ad | Design: A | Version: 2 in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Unlike in Chennai, there aren’t many exploit the potential of crab farming in potential coastal regions exporters in Mumbai who can share the cost of booking and | Dimensions: of India.190mm The WestXCoast is mainly dependent on fish catch, like nt: International Aquafeed Product Showcase | Size: Half Page 132mm sending the consignment by air.

Andhra Pradesh is dependent on shrimp farming. Unless there is a crisis people will not move out of their comfort zone to try something new.

Conclusion All references are available on request.

Mud crab farming is becoming very popular in the coastal

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 25

FEATURE

TURE

LARVAL CUL

S

IU S A G N A P F O

O C I R O T R UE P IN

T

., McGee, Ph.D

by Michael V. Rico Lajas, Puerto

ries Inc.,

Caribe Fishe

he Asian catfish Pangasius, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is recognised as a leading aquaculture food fish on world markets. The commercial culture of Pangasius was developed in the mid 1990’s in Vietnam and quickly expanded to production levels of nearly one million tons per year. Other countries including Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh and India have adapted Pangasius as part of their aquaculture production. Pangasius can be successfully cultured in most tropical regions of the world however countries in the Western Hemisphere have been slow to embrace Pangasius aquaculture, in part, due to the lack of practical knowledge of the species food requirements during the larval and fry stages.

Pangasius are a riverine species and require specific environmental conditions under which to reproduce naturally.

All Pangasius reared in aquaculture are reproduced by hormone inductions. The eggs and milt are stripped from the fish and artificially propagated under hatchery conditions. At a temperature of 28 C Pangasius eggs hatch in about 24 hours and the larvae become free swimming almost immediately afterwards.

The larvae are small (3 mm) and require further development for at least 48 to 60 hours prior to first feeding. Pangasius larvae are pelagic, swimming through the water column and normally feeding on small zooplankton that they randomly encounter.

Under culture conditions Pangasius larvae are moved about 24 hours after hatching to a nursery pond that has been prepared for this purpose. Larvae are stocked at a density of 400 to 600/m3 and are dependent on natural zooplankton of the correct size, type and abundance to sustain the larvae during at least the first seven days of life when they do not feed on prepared diets. The larvae will consume newly hatched Artemia if reared in hatchery tanks however densities of the larvae must be reduced to around 10 larvae per litre to avoid cannibalism which at the early life stages can significantly reduce survival.

Caribe Fisheries began reproducing pangasius in 2002 and has continued to evaluate procedures to improve spawning success and larval survival. It was noticed that survival of Pangasius from larvae to fingerlings in nursery pond varied widely between ponds. To better understand the factors that lead to these disparate results a study was conducted from May to September 2014.

Observations were made daily on all ponds used for pangasius fingerling production to document the zooplankton populations, presence of predators and the condition and survival of the larvae during the first seven days after stocking. Although the study was conducted under commercial farm conditions the general methods used and the results obtained are considered useful in indicating conditions which can lead to improved production of pangasius from the larval to fingerling stages.

Earthen ponds used in the study were approximately 20 X 40 metres and 1 metre deep. The ponds were covered with 2 cm bird netting to prevent adult dragonflies from laying eggs in the

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pond as well as to exclude herons and fishing bats, Noctilio leporinus. Prior to filling the ponds quicklime (CaOH) was applied at 100 kg/ha. On day one ponds were filled to 25 percent capacity with water filtered through a 1 mm filter sock to exclude wild fish. The following day ponds were fertilised with urea (60 kg/ha) and triple superphosphate (60 kg/ha) by partially dissolving in water and dispersing the solutions throughout the ponds.

On day three dried chicken manure was applied at 60 kg/ha along with molasses (60 kg/ha) to stimulate zooplankton production. In some trials inoculants of desirable zooplankton species, specifically rotifers, Brachionis spp., and Daphnia, Daphnia pulex, were added to increase the probability of these species developing.

Following this water was added to at least 50 percent capacity and thereafter the ponds continued slowly filling. At day 4 larval pangasius were stocked at approximately four hundred per cubic meter. Each day following stocking sampling was done with an eighty micron mesh plankton net to determine larval survival and the typed and abundance of zooplankton present.

At day 7 after stocking a 40 percent protein powdered feed was applied twice daily to the ponds in anticipation of the larvae beginning to accept the prepared diet.

Daily sampling indicted that ponds with zooplankton blooms dominated by rotifers prior to and during the first 4 days after stocking had the best larval survival. Pangasius larvae were observed to begin feeding on rotifers within 24-48 hours after

stocking. By day 4 rotifer populations declined and Daphnia began to dominate the zooplankton population. The larvae which had increased in size then switched to Daphnia as their principal prey.

Survival of larvae was lower in ponds where zooplankton populations were dominated by copepods 1-3 days after stocking.

It is unknown if larval pangasius are unable to capture these organisms as prey, if copepods out competed more desirable species such as rotifers or were perhaps predaceous on the larvae.

In ponds where larvae of the phantom midge (Chaoboridae)

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were present between day 1 to day 4 after stocking survival of larval pangasius was greatly reduced. The larvae of the phantom midge grow to approximately 5 mm in length, occur in the water column of the pond similar to the pangasius larvae and are active predators. The larva of the phantom midge is presumed to be predaceous on the smaller pangasius larvae. Alternatively midge larvae may have competed with pangasius for zooplankton as prey.

The presence of dragonfly nymphs in the ponds was not observed as the bird netting prevented the adults from reaching the pond surface to lay eggs. Predation by herons and fishing bats was also effectively controlled by the netting during the nursery phase.

Pangasius larvae began to accept the powdered feed diet by at least day 10 after stocking. At this time the pangasius fry began to come to the surface and could be observed feeding. Once fry began to consume the commercial diet little change in survival was observed. By days 28-34 after stocking ponds were drained to harvest fingerlings of approximately on gram. Estimated survival of larvae to fingerling size ranged from less than 10 percent to greater than 50 percent depending on pond conditions.

The timing of larval stocking to coincide with the development of a dense bloom of rotifers which are available from day 1 of larval stocking until at least day 4 post stocking is optimal for the survival and growth of Pangasius larvae. The

transition of the bloom from rotifers to Daphnia after day 4 is also associated with good survival. Since bloom development is to some extent random and depends on the interaction of multiple factors, it is useful to sample ponds with a fine mesh plankton net prior to larval stocking. In this way ponds which develop proper conditions can be stocked and the probability that larval survival will be higher is increased. Inoculating fertilised ponds with rotifers and Daphnia is also a valid means to improve the chances of the development of these desirable species.

In the Western Hemisphere commercial freshwater aquaculture is largely based on Tilapia, yet Western countries are the largest importers of Pangsaius. The analysis and adaptation of techniques for Pangasius aquaculture is a necessary step for its possible introduction as a new aquaculture species for tropical countries in the region. Accomplishing this goal would lead to increased production, reduced dependence on imports, increased food security as well as providing an impetus for the overall growth of the aquaculture sector.

More information: Michael V. McGee, Ph.D., Caribe Fisheries Inc email: mvmcgee@caribefish.com www.caribefish.com/web

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INNOVATION NATION

How new developments in aquaculture are boosting the Scottish economy

W

ith an estimated market value of over £1.8 billion and Scottish salmon exports alone reaching over £500 million, Scotland’s aquaculture sector is fast becoming a core pillar for the future growth of the Scottish economy. However, with such a steep increase in the demand for fish products, there is a real need for innovation within the sector to stay ahead of the curve and provide a sustainable supply of healthy protein; not only for the present but for the future of a market that appears set to keep growing. Ahead of Aquaculture UK, CEO of the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC), Heather Jones, shares some of the organisation’s forays into finfish research projects and the ways in which is working with both industry and academia to enhance the whole of the Scottish aquaculture sector.

Tackling industry issues with innovation

Farming any species brings with it several challenges which can affect productivity, quality and sustainability and aquaculture is no different. One industry-wide issue in finfish farming is the

control of natural parasites that attach to both wild and farmed fish and can cause physical damage, stress, or lead to secondary infections on the affected individuals. This impacts the output of salmon farms by slowing salmon growth. Typical measures around sea lice control currently include husbandry techniques and licensed medicines, but the industry is looking for new and innovative ways to tackle the problem, using more biological methods and reducing the need for treatment with medicines.

The use of cleaner fish has been brought into integrated sea lice management over the past few years. Cleaner fish naturally remove ectoparasites, such as sea lice, from other fish and live alongside them harmoniously in the wild. Wrasse – in particular ballan wrasse – are currently the most popular choice as cleaner fish in the salmon industry in Scotland. Cohabitation of salmon with cleaner fish, both wrasse and another species, lumpsuckers, have been shown to reduce significantly the sea lice challenge to salmon and to enhance production on farms.

Whilst wrasse have proven to be effective within fish farms, previous projects have largely involved the collection of wild wrasse, a solution which is unlikely to be sustainable in the long term. So there is a need to look beyond and to develop a wrasse culture here in the UK. This is in its infancy and production challenges have, to date, limited the deployment of farmed wrasse. To overcome some of these challenges, SAIC has

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STRONG ENOUGH TO FACE EVERYTHING!

launched a research project, bringing together leading academics and major salmon producers to solve the bottlenecks limiting wrasse productivity, and to improve the quality and delousing efficacy of farmed wrasse.

Creating a commercial concept for wrasse

Building on a proof of concept established in previous research, the SAIC project brings together experts from Marine Harvest, Scottish Sea Farms, Biomar and the Institute of Aquaculture at the University of Stirling, the leading aquaculture research and training department in the UK. A 42-month plan focuses on the production, husbandry and deployment of farmed wrasse.

SAIC awarded grant funding to the project of £831,530, leveraging contributions worth £3.01 million from the industry and academic partners and providing a pool of money designed to increase knowledge and share it across the sector. Given the importance of the project to the UK salmon industry, the project will operate under the principle of open knowledge exchange.

The scheme will extend existing knowledge through to upscaling of hatchery technologies; optimisation of cleaner fish welfare in salmon cages; and prototyping in the commercial environment. The project work has been organised around four work packages, each with a set of specific R&D objectives: 1. Broodstock management, egg and larvae productivity. A

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lumpsuckers when they are raised in hatcheries and deployed in salmon pens. The aim of the research, conducted by Stirling’s Institute of Aquaculture, is to improve the survival and welfare of lumpsuckers and ultimately increase the supply of cleaner fish into the Scottish salmon industry. SAIC has awarded a grant worth £120,680 to the £445,380 project, led

by Fish Vet Group. Working with five other commercial partners (FAI Aquaculture, Scottish Sea Farms, The Scottish Salmon Company, Grieg Seafood Shetland and Cooke Aquaculture) and the University of Stirling, the project will last for 24 months and will involve extensive epidemiological research. series of studies to investigate the reproductive physiology, behaviour and performance of ballan wrasse broodstock, aimed at developing new commercial protocols to enhance egg productivity and quality.

2. Larvae/juvenile nutritional requirement and growth potential.

This work package will aim to refine hatchery protocols for live feed management, weaning and on-growing to maximise the robustness of fish produced and growth performance.

3. Health management of cleaner fish. This will include the development of tools to monitor immune response in ballan wrasse and improve disease resistance.

4. Conditioning and optimisation of cleaner fish welfare in commercial cages. This will include building understanding of optimal timing of deployment and stock ratios, and the validation of practical on-farm health and welfare indicators.

Project outcomes will include commercial protocols, research tools and a new knowledge of the biology of the ballan wrasse.

This will permit production of a handbook that individual farmers in Scotland – including SMEs – can use as a beginning-to-end guide on the breeding and husbandry of farmed wrasse.

Looking to other cleaner fish species

While ballan wrasse are the most popular choice of cleaner fish to date, research is also being carried out to test the viability of using lumpfish. Like wrasse, lumpsuckers can cohabit with salmon and feed on sea lice, and they have been identified as a complementary species to wrasse in boosting the supply of cleaner fish to the industry. SAIC is supporting two lumpsucker development projects, which aim to bring lumpsucker production to a commercial scale in the UK. The first project aims to establish a secure and sustainable supply of lumpfish for Scottish salmon farms. It will take a range of technologies that have proof of concept in the laboratory through to prototyping in the commercial environment. Heading the research will be a team from the Institute of Aquaculture at the University of Stirling. The team will work with five commercial partners – Marine Harvest Scotland, Pharmaq, BioMar, The Scottish Salmon Company and Otter Ferry Seafish – and have funding of over £2.9 million from SAIC grants and partner contributions. Outputs will include protocols for breeding, feeding and deploying lumpsuckers into salmon farms; new products, such as feeds and vaccines; and knowledge to provide Scotland with a viable, sustainable and efficient source of cleaner fish for sea lice control.

The second project aims to improve the welfare of lumpfish deployed in Scottish salmon farms. This will use a detailed analysis of the biological needs and disease challenges facing

Increasing production through disease control

The success of all cleaner fish projects will rely heavily on developments in maintaining the health and welfare of cleaner fish. As such, SAIC is also looking to fund projects that focus on this key element.

In 2015, SAIC provided funding to a consortium led by Aqualife, a family-owned business in Stirling, to develop new fish vaccination techniques. The novel welfare-friendly techniques proposed by the project team could step up the survivability and robustness of lumpsucker and wrasse species, and help to upscale the effectiveness of cleaner-fish on farms.

This major contribution towards controlling sea lice biologically could further increase the productivity of Scottish salmon farms and decrease the use of medicines in the industry.

Major salmon producer Scottish Sea Farms will provide access to a range of its marine sites across Orkney, Shetland and the mainland for research to be carried out, and researchers at the University of Stirling’s Institute of Aquaculture will support the development of new techniques and protocols for the growth of the industry.

One additional planned outcome of Aqualife’s project is a new vaccination device based on a prototype the company has developed for salmon. The plan is to adapt the device for the anatomy and physiology of different lumpfish and wrasse species.

If successful, this could pave the way for further adaptations of the device for use on other farmed non-salmonid species such as Mediterranean bass and bream, Asian catfish or North African tilapia.

What does success look like?

SAIC is supporting a diverse range of projects within the aquaculture industry, not just within finfish, but also shellfish and hatchery projects, feed projects and engineering developments. Each project will have its own objectives and outcomes, but our overall aim is to deliver transformational change in the relationship between the aquaculture industry and research community. By doing this, we can support the growth, sustainability and profitability of the Scottish aquaculture industry and meet the increased salmon production targets set by the Scottish Government.

A successful aquaculture market in Scotland leads not only to a direct contribution to the economy in terms of sales, but a significant boost to the welfare of the people of Scotland.

Aquaculture now contributes some 8,000 jobs to Scotland and many of our rural communities have benefited from new facilities and support from aquaculture companies as they expand across Scotland’s coastline and sea lochs.

32 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

PHOTOSHOOT THE BIG PICTURE - FRANCE

One of the operators at Pisciculture Jorgensen in Abbeville, Picardie France oversees the aeration process that uses Faivre aerators during inspection. The Jorgensen family have a long and fruitful relationship with French aquaculture equipment manufacturers Faivre, who have supplied them with a plethora of fish-farming equipment over the years, including fish graders and aerators.

See more on page 46

FEATURE

A technological innovation for crustacean aquaculture

AQUAVI Met-Met ®

During the week of Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2016 in Surabaya, Indonesia, Evonik Industries conducted the official launch of AQUAVI® Met-Met. AQUAVI® Met-Met is a dipeptide of two DL-methionine molecules which is used as an aquaculture feed additive.

AQUAVI® Met-Met is Evonik Industries’ first peptide specifically developed for the aqua industry as it has low water solubility and therefore the leaching of the feed nutrients can be minimised. This is especially important for aquafeeds for shrimp and prawn as they are bottom feeders with different feeding habits and digestive systems to fish. Feed pellets and extrudates must be stable in the water to ensure the dipeptide breaks down and methionine becomes available for protein synthesis at exactly the right time.

In 2015, no less than half of the fish, crustaceans, and shellfish consumed globally originated from aquaculture.

Fishmeal being part of the feed as a protein source is a significant cost factor for farmers. Supplementation with amino acids allows significant reduction of the proportion of fishmeal in feeds.

With AQUAVI® Met-Met, the dipeptide of DLmethionine which has extremely low water solubility, feed formulation can be preserved in the water and enhanced in the gut. As feeding trials in many countries have shown, AQUAVI® Met-Met is more than twice as efficient as DLmethionine.

This increases the efficiency and sustainability of shrimp farming.

AQUAVI® Met-Met has already been registered as a feed additive in many countries, with more to follow. The new methionine source will initially be available for shrimp and crustaceans but its efficiency is currently being tested for other species.

The following is the presentation given on the morning of the official press launch in Surabaya by Gaëlle Husser, Evonik Industries Director of Industry Marketing for Aquaculture.

I

think we are all aligned on the fact that the world population is growing, and it is growing fast. On top of that, the income is also increasing per capita, meaning that more and more people have access to animal protein sources.

I think that Asia is a wonderful example, showing that fish is important for human nutrition worldwide. It is actually the very first protein source.

If we look at the growth, we see that fish consumption is growing very fast, as fast as poultry.

But there is one market that is growing even faster, and that is crustaceans. We are quite lucky with fish and shrimp because half of the production does not need to be farmed, but rather can be caught in the wild.

We know that this trend is going up, therefore we have to be careful, because the natural resources are limited, with most of the stocks are already depleted.

So we need to find alternatives, we cannot feed our farmed fish or farmed shrimp with marine ingredients.

There is a famous ratio called “fish-in, fish-out” and that calculates how much fish you need to produce one ton of farmed fish. Having this consumption trend in mind, it must be less than one, or else it does not work.

We have a very good example of this in aquaculture, actually the Salmon industry and animal production in general, has given us an example of how it’s possible to completely replace marine ingredients with vegetable and alternative raw materials in feed.

So the question when it comes to shrimp, it is not whether we reduce fish meal or fish oil, but rather it is a case of when and how.

Today our feeds, depending on the region, still contain at least 20 percent marine raw materials, and we believe that in the very near future that this proportion can be reduced significantly. The salmon industry has done it for a very demanding animal. There is no good reason why we cannot do that for the shrimp industry.

But that requires know-how, products, and innovations in order for us to do so.

At the value chain level, innovation is important. At Evonik,

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our role is as a feed additive provider for the feed mills, and to give them tools to innovate and to make shrimp feed more efficient and also more sustainable.

What we realised when we looked at shrimp was that there were some specificities. Specificities in their feeding behavior, and in their digestive tract that we have to take into account when we develop products which are designed for shrimp.

The first element is that the shrimp will take some time to find the pellet in the water, and then it will nibble the pellet for several minutes. This makes the shrimp feed one of the most technical feeds, because it has to be water-stable.

The second element is that the digestive tract for shrimp is quite different to what we know with gastric or other animals, it has no proper stomach and it is very important that the nutrients are released in a sustained way in the digestive tract.

Having that in mind, in 2007 the Evonik team started working on a solution for an efficient methionine source. In our research and development department they looked at many different options, you can use regular methionine sources that work but you need a buffer.

Then they looked at coated solutions with methionine, but the issue was that with coated products was that per kilogram of product you have less of your active substance as it is diluted.

As such it has never been the most efficient solution. It is also difficult to have a coated product which is stable in the very demanding and challenging feed processing environment.

The last option, which was the one that was selected, was to work on a derivative of methionine, this is the option that proved to work.

The product we are talking about AQUAVI速 Met-Met is the dipeptide of the methionine. The reason why it works in shrimp is quite simple, the product is not soluble in the water. It means that when you add it in the feed, it also stays in the feed, so you really can control what the shrimp gets to eat.

The second element for this product is that in one bag you have four products, four different so-called isomers. The shrimp can digest each of them, however, it takes a different time to digest each of these four isomers.

Finally, in shrimp feed we know it is not only about nutrition or biochemical properties, particle size is also very important. That is why the particle size of this product meets the specifications of below 300 microns.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 37

SALMONIDS Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how its feed is managed.

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Austria

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1 Salmonidae

he Salmonidae family, collectively known as Salmonids, comprises of salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, but it is the trout and Atlantic salmon, of the genus Salmo, which gives the family their name. A slender teleost fish, they can range in size between just 13 cm to a whopping 2 m in length. With a single row of sharp teeth, Salmonids are predators, choosing to feed on smaller fish, aquatic insects and small crustaceans. Despite spawning in fresh water Salmonids are mostly anadromous, spending their lives at sea, choosing only to return to rivers to reproduce.

Our Salmonid focus ‘Rainbow Trout’ is native to the Pacific drainages of North America, ranging from Alaska to Mexico, although many countries report rainbow trout farming production, primarily areas in Europe, North America, Chile, Japan and Australia. Since 1874 it has been introduced to waters on all continents except Antarctica, for recreational angling and aquaculture purposes. Production greatly expanding in the 1950s as pelleted feeds were developed. Trout fisheries are maintained,

or culture practised, in the upland catchments of many tropical and sub-tropical countries of Asia, East Africa and South America. As a result, several local domesticated strains have developed (e.g. Shasta and Kamloops), while others have been arisen through mass selection and cross-breeding for improved cultural qualities.

The rainbow trout is a hardy fish that is easy to spawn, fast growing, tolerant to a wide range of environments and handling, and the large fry can be easily weaned on to an artificial diet (usually feeding on zooplankton). They are capable of occupying many different habitats, ranging from an anadromous life history, to permanently inhabiting lakes.

The anadromous strain is known for its rapid growth, achieving 7-10 kg within 3 years, whereas the freshwater strain can only attain 4.5 kg in the same time span. The species can withstand vast ranges of temperature variation (0-27 °C), but spawning and growth occurs in a narrower range (9-14 °C). The optimum water temperature for rainbow trout culture is below 21 °C. As a result, temperature and food availability influence growth and maturation, causing age at maturity to vary; though it is usually 3-4 years.

Source FAO

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SALMONIDS

THE USE OF PREBIOTICS IN SALMONID DIETS Natural alternatives for improving production

by Fernando Roberti, Biorigin

ish production has been gaining increasing importance in the protein market and in the animal nutrition sector.

Estimates indicate that it will reach 160 million tonnes by 2030, with an increasing participation of aquaculture1.

In this context, for supporting the intensification of the production, which on one hand requires increasingly revenues, but on the other predisposes to disease outbreaks, the use of functional compounds becomes essential.

To achieve an economically viable aquaculture, it is fundamental to maximise nutrient digestibility and retention, feed conversion rate, dietary nutrient balance, and minimising fish mortality in antibiotic-free conditions through the development of health-promoting diets. In this context, the inclusion of prebiotics into fish diets plays a very important role for these results to be reached.

by using a component that resists the passage along the gut during digestion and mimics the specific carbohydrates groups of intestinal cells4.

Moreover, MOS are also a fermentation substract for beneficial bacteria which are able to produce organic acids.

This fermentation, in addition to promoting the growth of these beneficial bacteria populations, leads to an acidification of the intestinal environment due to the acid production. Importantly, some of these acids are used as the major energy sources by some gut cells5, helping to maintain the intestinal integrity.

Together, all these benefits generate a healthy environment, which will favor nutrients digestibility and absorption. To reach these benefits, however, it is important to select a good MOS product that presents the following characteristics: high mannan content, high mannan exposure – obtained from a suitable production process – which ensures a good pathogens adhesion, and a high total carbohydrates content for fermentation purposes.

Prebiotics

Beyond the benefits to performance, maintaining good intestinal health is particularly important since many infectious diseases initiate from the colonisation of the gut mucosa by pathogens, and the efficiency of the intestinal barrier against this process depends on the intestinal integrity and on the balance of comensal bacteria6. In addition, the more intact the intestinal barrier, the more pathogens will be avoided to translocate over stressing conditions, reducing the risks of the development of systemic frames.

Prebiotics are non-digestible compounds able to modulate gut microbiota and to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria2. Among prebiotics, mannanoligosacharides (MOS) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been widely researched and applied in animal nutrition.

The main described effects of MOS are related to pathogen colonisation blocking, alongside growth and feed conversion improvement. The use of MOS as a pathogen colonisation blocker evolves from the concept that some sugars as mannose could be used as inhibitors of pathogen adhesion to intestinal cells3.

Therefore, the objective of including MOS in aquaculture feeds is to reduce intestinal attachment of pathogenic bacteria

Importance of intestinal health for fish

Trial with rainbow trouts

A study* performed in a semi-intensive farm located in Mazandaran, Iran, evaluated the effects of the dosages 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.4 percent of MOS (ActiveMOS, Biorigin, Brazil)

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included in a commercial feed for rainbow trouts. After 7 days of acclimation to the control diet, 300 fish juveniles were randomly distributed into 12 tanks, with 25 fish in each tank and 3 replicates (tank) per treatment (dosage of MOS), where they were kept and evaluated during 60 days. Performance and survival were evaluated once every 2 weeks and intestinal bacteria evaluation was conducted at the end of the nutritional trial.

According to Figures 1 and 2, all groups supplemented with ActiveMOS had greater final body weight and lower feed conversion rate. Among the different dosages, the supply of 1kg of ActiveMOS/ton of feed led to the most interesting results for final body weight and feed conversion rate. Concerning gut microbiota, there was a trend of increase on lactic acid bacteria populations in the dosage of 0.1 percent. It is important to point out that dosages should be adjusted in function of phase, feed intake, among other factors.

These results make clear the effects of MOS on fish performance, through the greater final body weight and improved feed conversion rate. The modulation of gut microbiota, with increased populations of beneficial bacteria that improve intestinal health, are the major explanation for the obtantion of these results.

Conclusion

The positive effects of mannanoligosacharides have already been proven in fish species. It is highly recommended to consider the inclusion of these prebiotics as functional and natural solutions for the design of health-promoting diets, as well as of diets for early stages of fish production. *Denji et al. Effect of dietary prebiotic mannan oligossacharide

Figure 1: Final body weight of rainbow trout fed different levels of MOS

Figure 2: Feed conversion rate (FCR) of rainbow trout fed different levels of MOS

(MOS) on growth performance, intestinal microflora, body composition, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juvenile. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, v. 10, p. 255-265, 2015.

References available upon request

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 41

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SALMONIDS

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3

WAYS TO IMPROVE SALMONID DISEASE RESISTANCE

by Benedict Standen & Rui Gonçalves, Biomin ith an increasing pressure to provide affordable protein to an evergrowing population, aquaculture practices are expanding and intensifying. High stocking densities can lead to animals becoming stressed and immunocompromised, while also favoring the proliferation of pathogens.

a

Unfortunately, disease outbreaks are inevitable and this represents a major constraint for the sustainable development of the industry. Nowhere is this more obvious than in high value species, such as salmonids, where disease outbreaks can lead to significant economic losses.

Salmon culture is often considered the holy grail of aquaculture.

Consequently, as an industry it has worked hard to reduce its dependency on antibiotics, relying primarily on vaccination for disease control. Although this approach has been effective, it also has its limitations. This is especially true in cold water fish because antibody production is temperature dependent: thus it can

b

Figure 1: Atlantic salmon with external appearance of a large ‘furuncle’ under the skin (a). Insert shows open furuncle and (b) opened peritoneal cavity of an Atlantic salmon with furunculosis showing extensive hemorrhaging in the peritoneal fat and wall (yellow arrows) and within muscle (red arrow). SOURCE: www.agriculture.gov.au

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CROSS-CONTAMINATION SALMONELLA Figure 2: Survival of fish fed either a control diet, or diet supplemented with Biotronic® Top3 after A. salmonicida challenge. Bars represent averages between three infection routes, IP injection, immersion and cohabitation.

take a long time for fish to develop resistance through adaptive mechanisms. The labour intensive and costly vaccination process can also result in high levels of stress for fish.

The use of novel feed additives –including enhanced acidifiers, probiotics and yeast-based immunostimulants— to provide immediate prophylactic protection may comprise a less stressful and more convenient alternative.

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b

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Figure 3: Rainbow trout with petechial lesions around the operculum (a) and the mouth and tongue (b) after artificial infection with Y. ruckeri.

Image (c) shows the internal organs after infection. Of particular interest are the petechial lesions on the pyloric caeca (arrow) and the blood filled intestine (arrowhead).

c

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Figure 4: Survival of fish fed either a control diet, or diet supplemented with AquaStar® Growout (low and high dose) after Y. ruckeri challenge.

In the fish challenged by immersion, mortality remained unchanged (approximately 30%) by dietary regime. In the cohabitation infection route group, mortality was 10 percent in control fish, while no mortalities were observed in fish treated with Biotronic® Top3 (Figure 2). Fish surviving the challenge were examined for the presence of A. salmonicida using microbiological and molecular methods.

Many of these fish tested positive for the pathogen, suggesting that they might be asymptomatic carriers. The proportion of carrier fish was lower in the Biotronic® Top3 group (25%) when compared with those that received a control diet without the supplement (75%). These results suggest that Biotronic® Top3 may help to provide protection against A. salmonicida and also to reduce the spread of disease by removing the pathogen from previously infected fish.

Probiotics

Figure 5: Survival of fish fed either a control diet, or diet supplemented with Levabon® Aquagrow after Y. ruckeri challenge.

Acidifiers

Acidifiers represent an exciting approach to pathogen control.

Acidifiers have two modes of action; firstly in their dissociated form they create a hostile environment for pathogens by lowering the pH. Secondly, they can have a direct antimicrobial effect by entering pathogenic cells. Once in the cytoplasm the acids will dissociate, reducing cytoplasmic pH, disrupting protein and enzyme synthesis and ultimately killing the pathogen from the inside.

Biotronic® Top3 (BIOMIN GmbH) is a commercial acid-based product that contains a phytochemical component which prevents bacterial pathogens from dividing, and also has a quorum quenching effect by disrupting bacterial communication. In order to improve the mode of action of the previous components, Biotronic® Top3 also includes a unique permeabilising complex which weakens the cell wall of Gram-negative pathogens by breaking down the lipopolysaccharide layer.

The efficacy of Biotronic® Top3 in providing protection against Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout was assessed. Although A. salmonicida infection is not unique to salmonids, it is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious septicemic disease which causes large losses within the salmonid industry (Figure 1). Rainbow trout were split into two triplicate treatments; a control treatment fed a commercial diet and a test treatment fed a commercial diet supplemented with Biotronic® Top3 at a final dose of 0.8 g/kg. After 175 days, fish were exposed to A. salmonicida via three routes of infection; challenge by intraperitoneal (IP) injection, immersion and cohabitation. After 35 days the survival rates were assessed.

Unsurprisingly, IP injection caused the highest mortalities when compared with other infection routes and the protective effect of Biotronic® Top3 was more pronounced in this group.

Rainbow trout in the control group showed 75 percent mortality, significantly higher than the group receiving the Biotronic® Top3 supplemented diet where mortality was just 30 percent.

Probiotics can also improve disease resistance in salmonids.

It is well known that probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can inhibit pathogen growth directly via the production of bacteriocins. In vitro trials demonstrate that the LAB strains in AquaStar® Growout (BIOMIN GmbH) can provide a broad spectrum of antagonism against some of the most important aquaculture pathogens including Aeromonas, Edwardsiella, Streptococcus, Vibrio and Yersinia.

To investigate this effect in vivo, rainbow trout were split into three treatments, control vs AquaStar® Growout (at 2 g/ kg and 5 g/kg), fed for eight weeks and then subsequently challenged with Yersinia ruckeri (via oral intubation). Y. ruckeri is a Gram-negative pathogen which causes enteric red mouth disease in salmonids (Figure 3). After two weeks the survival was significantly higher (43% and 38%) in both AquaStar® treatments (low and high dose, respectively) when compared with the control treatment (12%) (Figure 4).

Immune stimulation

While acidifiers, and to a certain extent probiotics, may improve disease resistance by providing direct pathogen antagonism, other feed additives may provide protection by stimulating the hosts own immune system. For example, Levabon® Aquagrow E (BIOMIN GmbH) is an autolysed yeast product specifically developed to bring immuno-modulatory benefits to aquatic animals.

To test the effect on disease resistance, rainbow trout were split into two treatments, control (basal diet) and a diet supplemented with Levabon® Aquagrow at 4 g/kg. After eight weeks of feeding the experimental diets, fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri, via immersion, at a dose of 1.6 x 104 CFU/ml. Dead and moribund fish were monitored and after two weeks the survival rate was calculated. In the unsupplemented control treatment, survival was 68 percent, significantly lower than the Levabon® Aquagrow supplemented diets, where survival was 86 percent (Figure 5).

Conclusion

For some individuals, the issue of disease control in aquaculture may appear as an insurmountable challenge. However, this should be viewed as an opportunity to embrace and promote the use of sustainable feed additives, such as enhanced acidifiers, probiotics and immunostimulants. While the exact mechanisms which underpin their effectiveness may still elude us, it is clear that their use in aquafeeds can provide protection against a range of pathogens, ultimately resulting in improved survival, improved production and consequently higher profitability.

44 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

M

THE FAIVRE EQUIPPED TROUT FARMS OF ABBEVILLE Amidst the picturesque countryside of Abbeville, Northern France, Darren Parris, Tom Blacker and Peter Parker from the International Aquafeed team, spent an afternoon late last year visiting trout farms. Our hosts were Phillip Jorgensen, fish farms manager, and Aubert Faivre, who is sales manager for Faivre.

anaging a proud total of nine sites located within an hour’s drive of Abbeville, Mr Jorgensen has personally been fish farming since 2006.

However, his family originally began fish farming in Denmark in 1893, before moving to farm in France in the 1930s.

Mr Jorgensen told our party that his family has been “using Faivre products for a long time as they are better than the more expensive alternatives.”

Founded in 1958, Faivre is a globally competitive company boasting almost 60 years of aquacultural experience with a wide range to offer from individual products to full installation.

Faivre focus on producing machinery that is strong, effective and simple. Their range of products includes fish graders, counters, elevators, and pumps, as well as drum filters, leaf screeners, floating surface aerators and diffuser pipes.

Water quality equipment, silage filters and aerators

Throughout our day with Mr Joregensen and Mr Faivre, we visited three farms where we saw a vast array of Favire products in action.

On every single one of the sites, there was a Faivre Drum Filter Rotoclean installed. The function of this particular piece of equipment is to ensure strict filtration of outgoing effluent flows.

The water that is to be filtered is directed into the rotating drum. Inside the drum there are steel plates covered in a stainless steal mesh. The filter functions to collect solids larger than the perforations in the mesh as it rotates, containing them in the drum.

Collected solids are removed via a discharge channel located on the top of the drum.

Mr Jorgensen informed our party that the filter is “easy to maintain” and that it does not take long to remove, clean and replace the filter plates.

All of the sites we visited had numerous aerators installed; these are devices that spray water into the air, leading to an increased contact of the water with the atmosphere. The result is increased oxygen levels of the water.

Fish handling machinery: fish pumps, graders and counters

When we arrived at one of the sites, the farmers were busy counting fish from multiple sections of the farm, a task that can take all day. However, they were aided by a variety of specialised fish handling equipment.

This equipment included the Faivre Pescamotion Fish Pump. This product is a simple pump that is used to shift salmonids that weigh anywhere between 5 and 46 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 550 grams from the pond to be graded and counted and then moved back into the adequate section of the farm.

It was then imparted to our party that the pumps are capable of moving 6-8 tons per hour and are lightweight and mobile making them easy to maneuver around the premises.

After being propelled through the pipes via the pump, the trout arrive at the fish grader, or more specifically the Faivre Helio Fish Grader. Using this grader the trout are sorted and graded accurately down to the millimetre using Vernier scales, then according to their size are directed out through either the left or right side of the grader.

When I asked Mr Faivre what it is that is unique about his fish grader opposed to the others on the market, he told me that “It is the slow pushing system (SPS) that sets their graders apart from others in the industry,” adding that this feature also “reduces the amount of stress put on the fish”. This element of the process owes much to the sophisticated water delivery system employed, as well as the fact that ramps are constantly sprayed.

After the fish are graded out of the Helio, they are then fed into the Faivre Pescavision Fish Counters that automatically count them as they pass through the machine.

The fish counters operate using Infrared LED technology, and the only adjustment that is required is to select a sleeve to fit inside the counter depending on the desired size of fish.

Farms overview

In between being introduced to the Faivre technology which helps to run the trout farms, we asked Mr Jorgensen about the general day to day running of the farms including the trout raised, how he goes about monitoring the nine sites, and what challenges he faces.

Every site we visited produced either Rainbow or Brown trout, and operated using fresh water from springs or rivers; an

According to Mr Jorgensen, the trout raised on sites typically have an FCR (food conversion rate) of around one and are fed on a variety of Skretting feeds - one of the global leaders in providing nutrition solutions for the aquaculture industry for the production of shrimp and fish.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 47

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

(L-R) Peter Parker, Phillip Jorgensen, Aubert Faivre, Darren Parris

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

abundant resource throughout the Picardie region. The trout raised range from one gram to a maximum of 10kg, offering both diploid and triploid type fish. They do not produce their own eggs at any of their sites but rather purchase them from a supplier in France.

When asked about the price of trout in France, Mr Jorgensen said “the price of trout here is okay” Mr Jorgensen also exports to a number of countries.

According to Mr Jorgensen, the trout raised on sites typically have an FCR (feed conversion rate) of around one and are fed on a variety of Skretting feeds - one of the global leaders in providing nutrition solutions for the aquaculture industry for the production of shrimp and fish.

Having nine trout farms to operate, Mr Jorgensen has had to think of innovative ways to keep a watchful eye on the activity. Our party was also shown a software programme called ‘Nova-Fish’ that uses internet powered facilities that have been installed at each of his nine sites, thus allowing him to monitor

and graph each batch of fish remotely.

Real time and historical information on variables such as growth, FCR, oxygen levels, and more is readily available to him from the office, a tool that Mr Jorgensen said he values greatly and allows him excellent traceability.

Closing thoughts

After a pleasant day visiting the trout farms it was great to see the care and effort being put into the raising of these trout under Mr Jorgensen’s management.

Plainly evident is the strong relationship the Jorgensen family has developed with Faivre over the years- and it was a pleasure to finally be able to see the aforementioned equipment in use.

The same technology discussed throughout this article can be observed at a variety of aquaculture exhibitions throughout 2016, perhaps most notably they will attend Aquaculture UK (Stand 41).

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

I

THE USE OF FEED IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (RAS) One of the greatest operating costs in aquaculture is the use of commercial feed pellets, which can comprise of up to 50-60 percent of total expense in some farms.

by Rob J Davies – Aquabiotech Group

n traditional forms of net-pen culture, the composition and wastage of these pellets is very relevant to maintaining good growth of the species being grown, managing expenditure and minimising environmental impacts on the surrounding water bodies. Ultimately, they do not have a large effect overall on their operation as a system. In RAS however, these frequently overlooked considerations, especially by new operators, are extremely important and their lack of understanding can easily lead to the failure and loss of the facility’s economic viability.

As a commercial scale farm manager for several RAS farms over the years, I have seen and overcome many of the problems associated with using commercial pellets formulated for netpen culture and the implications of overfeeding of these pellets on a filtration system. Unlike flow- through or net-pen systems, any pellets that are not eaten by the cultured species are retained in the system and must be processed by the RAS. This is potentially a major problem as the filtration systems are designed to process faeces and not pellets, which can be four times as dense. The leeching of oils from the pellets interferes with the foam fractionators or protein skimmers in the systems that are responsible for removing micro-particulate organic material from the water body, reducing the optimal water quality and clarity that must be maintained in order to achieve the fast growth rates required to make a RAS profitable.

Another effect of uneaten pellets is the overloading on the mechanical filtration process responsible for removing the macro-particulate organic material from the system, this can cause the overflowing of these filters, which introduce these particles into the bio-filter (often the next filtration process in the sequence in RAS), diminishing its capacity to process the toxic inorganic compounds, such as ammonia, released by the organisms being grown.

If the degree of overfeeding is frequent or severe, this bio-filtration process provided by nitrifying bacteria (that take up to eight weeks to establish), can be overcome by heterotrophic bacteria feeding on the supply of organic material and cause a total failure of the system. The outcome being that the toxic inorganic compounds, that are no longer

50 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY being filtered will build up in the RAS and kill the cultured organisms within a matter of days.

There are also several other factors that are relevant to overfeeding in these systems that effect the RAS farms’ operating costs and efficiencies, apart from the obvious extra expense of the wasted feed, also relevant for net-pen and flow-through systems. Such as:

RAS farming is a lot more complex than the traditional methods and a lack of appreciation of this will mean that the system is doomed to fail, like so many have before.

However, there are strategies, solutions and safeguards that are currently being developed to minimise the risk of these problems from occurring, such as working with feed manufacturers to develop feeds especially for RAS.

• Diminished oxygen injection transfer efficiency, used to maintain optimal levels for growth and health, especially during handling and feeding events; • Loss of appetite due to reduced water quality and clarity, hence lower growth and harvest sizes; • An increase in vectors for pathogens or parasites (in the form of available organic particulate material); • And the potential for unprocessed antibacterial treatments (that may be used) entering the bio-filter, which would also kill the nitrifying bacteria, allowing for the toxic inorganic materials to flourish and risking the health of the cultured organisms.

RAS farming is more complex than traditional methods As evident in these problems I have

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 51

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Unlike flow- through or net-pen systems, any pellets that are not eaten by the cultured species are retained in the system and must be processed by the RAS. This is potentially a major problem as the filtration systems are designed to process faeces and not pellets, which can be four times as dense.

The leeching of oils from the pellets interferes with the foam fractionators or protein skimmers in the systems that are responsible for removing microparticulate organic material from the water body, reducing the optimal water quality and clarity that must be maintained in order to achieve the fast growth rates required to make a RAS profitable

explained, that can occur from a simple matter of putting too much feed into a tank (or at too greater speed or in too small of an area for the feeding rate of the organisms to cope with), RAS farming is a lot more complex than the traditional methods and a lack of appreciation of this will mean that the system is doomed to fail, like so many have before.

However, there are strategies, solutions and safeguards that are currently being developed to minimise the risk of these problems from occurring, such as working with feed manufacturers to develop feeds especially for RAS. This includes altering the density of the pellet to maximise availability during tank turnover time; modifying oil content and composition to reduce the effect of uneaten pellets on the micro- and macro-mechanical filtration processes so that particulates are prevented from compromising the bio-filter; and the development of technological by-passes, warning devices and innovative equipment and system design.

Maximising potential and economic viability

This is what we offer at AquaBioTech Group, using our knowledge, experience and innovation, taken from the various different backgrounds of our consultants and the testing of our RAS equipment and development of new ideas and system designs in our R&D Facility based in Malta.

The special training and after care service contract that we provide as standard to every one of our clients that we build systems for ensures that the RASâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; we design and the feeding management strategies that we advise, minimise the risk of such problems occurring, therefore maximising the potential and economic viability of the farms and the future of sustainability of aquaculture in general.

52 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

DON’T MISS THE UK’S LARGEST AQUACULTURE EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE

25 & 26 MAY 2016 AVIEMORE, SCOTLAND An international event with visitors from over 30 countries, meet:

Visit www.aquacultureuk.com for more information or contact info@aquacultureuk.com

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

"Now in its 10th year, Aquaculture UK is the most important aquaculture exhibition and conference held in the British Isles. Each time it is held it gets bigger and more valuable to the industry"

TECHNOLOGY N ow in its 10th year, Aquaculture UK is firmly established as the pinnacle aquaculture exhibition and conference, held in the British Isles. Located in Aveimore on the doorstep of the Cairngorms National Park, nestled among the lochs and glens of the Scottish countryside, this picturesque setting offers a beautiful backdrop for the discussion of all things aqua. A truly international event, all major players on the global aquaculture stage will be in attendance One major aspect of the show we’ve noted here at International Aquafeed is the focus on technology. The exhibition offers an invaluable opportunity for companies to display new technologies and products. This ‘Technology on display’ demonstrates directly to the buyers and suppliers where the industry is headed and how to get the best in new technology to suit your aquaculture needs.

The event boasts that, “No other event in the British Isles provides aquaculture professionals with such direct access to qualified buyers and suppliers from all over the globe representing all aspects of the aquaculture industry.” So we decided to get in touch will all the attendees and offer them the opportunity to promote their major product in the magazine. Over the next few pages you can see what will be on offer and where!

Tom Blacker

Andrew Wilkinson

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Roger Gilbert

Malachi Stone

Tuti Tan

Darren Parris

Come and meet the International Aquafeed team at Aquaculture UK (Stand #53)

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#116

KJ: Offshore fish farming cages and heavy duty catamarans KJ is dedicated to the aquaculture industry in the North Atlantic. Their products have proven their strength and durability in the most exposed locations in the world. KJ has achieved success as a comprehensive component supplier and repair service provider, dedicated to satisfy the requirements of the international maritime market.

KJ now has a specialist department solely devoted to serving the shipping industry. This department includes a consultancy and the sale of a comprehensive stock of technical components. These components range from the smallest nut to every revolving part onboard a vessel. www.kj.fo

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#121

Sølvtrans: Wellboat Companies Sølvtrans is the world’s largest company for the transport of live salmon and trout. They are at the forefront of “closed system” technology; an environmentally friendly concept that limits the danger of infection, has a positive effect on animal welfare and enables cost effective transportation and handling of fish.

Their fleet consists of 18 modern Wellboats that are mainly employed on long-term contracts with leading fish-farming companies in Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile and Australia. www.solvtrans.no

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#118

Fusion Marine –Mpende Fisheries Tilapia farm, Zambia Global aquaculture equipment supplier Fusion Marine is a specialist in pilot projects, offering the complete package of equipment, design, engineering, consultancy and project management expertise.

One recent project was for a new tilapia farm for Mpende Fisheries in Zambia. Featuring 18 Fusion Marine Aquaflex pens, the farm was designed in a vertically integrated manner, incorporating the entire process from broodstock management right up to harvest.

Locally recruited personnel who have been trained specifically on site largely operate the farm. www.fusionmarine.com

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

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#62

VAKI: Biomass Daily Get more confident about the exact size of your fish. With a scanning frame placed in each cage, fish are continually measured with pinpoint accuracy, providing information that is updated on a half-hourly basis.

The data accessed online, can be used to measure how well the fish are growing, based on actual measurements rather than on estimation or projections.

We can provide you information for every site and every cage; the daily overview of average weight, size distribution, condition-factor and growth is available 24/7. www.vaki.is

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#92

FishFarmFeeder: Hatchery feeder for larvae and juvenile FishFarmFeeder is a Company that only manufactures Aquaculture Feeding Systems with a complete catalogue of solutions. Feeders can be customised for each fish farm and species, including our Centralised Feeders, Feed Barges and Hatchery Feeders.

Our feeders are also fully controlled by a PLC and open software. Only top brand components are selected for the feeders, with support and parts available worldwide. www.fishfarmfeeder.com

#119

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#63

Linde Gases: Solvox Dropin Today, more than 45 percent of the world’s seafood comes from land-based or offshore fish farms. To meet the demand for healthy and sustainable farmed fish, Linde has recently launched its SOLVOX® DropIn technology. The system represents an innovative way to improve delivery of oxygen into fish farming sea cages that are experiencing poor oxygen levels, and is well suited to sea cage oxygenation during sea lice treatment.

Compact and lightweight, DropIn has been specifically designed for ease of operation when oxygenating sea cages, and can be easily lowered to a desired water depth using just a small crane. www.linde.com

PCI: DOCS 500 Oxygen for Aquaculture just got easier! Ideal for aquaculture operations, ponds, raceways, recirculation systems,flow through, sea cage, net pens and hatchery operations and features: Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) technology designed for low cost high volume oxygen production.

Uses half the power required

by PSA systems and has a proprietary reversible blower. So no air compressor required.

Economic alternative to Liquid Oxygen or PSA systems VSA Systems available from 150 kg per day, up to 19 tonnes per day.

Introducing the New Generation Deployable Oxygen Concentrator System (DOCS) 500, now with even Lower Power production. www.pcigases.com

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#104

Aquaculture UK welcomes bona fide trade visitors and those with commercial, academic or similar interests in aquaculture. Admission is free.

The dates for 2016 are May 25th and 26th.

Opening hours are: Wednesday 25th May 1000 - 1800 Thursday 26th May 1000 - 1700

Reliant Installations: quality containment and storage solutions Reliant Installations is your answer to world-class quality containment and storage solutions. We provide end-toend supply and installation solutions and services for the aquaculture, agricultural, industrial and municipal sectors.

Some of our specialised products include on land salmon rearing tanks, Anaerobic Digestion (AD) and Biogas industry tanks as well as agricultural and municipal slurry stores.

Our product range includes a wide variety of products manufactured in the UK which includes Permastore® Glass-fused-to-Steel tanks and silos.

Reliant Installations also provides engineering and installation support services. www.reliant-tanks.co.uk

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#OS6

OBE Waste and Agri Engineering Ltd: Masterburn MB1000AQ incinerator This addition to their aqua range of marine incinerators features stainless steel construction and is specifically designed for the aquaculture industry. With low running costs, it is a cost effective, bio-secure solution.

OBE Waste and Agri Engineering Ltd, who manufacture equipment for the agricultural, construction and waste industries throughout Europe and the world, manufacture Masterburn incinerators.

They specialise in the design, development and manufacture of agricultural trailers, attachments for materials handling and incinerators for waste disposal. www.obewasteandagri.com

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#75

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#122

Europharma: SuperSmolt® For the last 10 years, the Scottish Aquaculture industry has been using the SuperSmolt® programme to produce tens of millions of optimally smoltified salmon from tank-based systems. SuperSmolt® continues to provide clear benefits for both smolt producers and ongrowers.

SuperSmolt® fish never desmoltify, giving you greater control over seawater transfer dates. The programme can be used to optimise production by producing smolts earlier or larger. It improves health and welfare by reducing stress, disease susceptibility and mortality following transfer.

SuperSmolt® fish also come on to feed quicker and more evenly post transfer.

The new SuperSmolt® Feed Only programme makes application simpler by removing the need for mineral treatments and it can be applied in both freshwater cages and hatcheries. www.europharma-uk.com

#69

Aquamaof: RAS The RAS from Aquamaof offers lower overall production cost with electricity use less than seven percent of production cost. lower and due to the closed systems, there are no diseases and parasites and a high level of biosecurity eliminates the risk of diseases.

The unique design also means that there is no impact from weather and uniform fish size due to stable conditions for maintenance and the use of a controlled production system means that fish are the right size at right time. www.aquamaof.com

AquaProcess - Pesca Pex Pesca Pex the new high performing feeding pipe for fish farming. This product provides valuable advantages for the fish and for the farmer: No feed dust or broken pellets, very little abrasion, very smooth inner surface prevent static electricity, and a flexible outer surface that reduces maintenance and damage to the pipe. Pesca Pex is tested best in test and guarantees performance up to 3 years or 2000 tons of feed. www.aquaprocess.dk

#84

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#95

Pacific Trading: Otohime EP – Post vaccine diet for lumpfish premium Japanese made fish diet – recognised as world’s best for fin fish.

Balanced diet with excellent taste ideally suited for virtually all fin fish species, allowing amazing cleanliness with high shape retention in water and also contains a high percentage of quality krill meal for better colour enhancement of fish and higher attractiveness. Sizes: available in 1.3mm and 1.7mm Otohime is made from highlyselected raw materials witheasily digested protein and high quality lipids to promote the vitality of fish.

Otohime has an excellent balance of dha, phospholipid, vitamins and minerals to provide the required nutrients for the fish at their initial growth stage.

Otohime features β-glucan-containing yeast cell walls for the healthy growth of the fish. Improved production technology makes excellent dispersibility on water surface, ideal sinking speed and excellent water stability. www.ptaqua.eu

Deep Trekker: DTG2 ROV Aquaculture Package The ultimate ROV package for your aquaculture operations. Equipped with a DTG2 Smart ROV that includes the ROV system, hand-held controller with super bright viewing screen, 75 M of tether on a tether reel, carrying case, and sensors that display depth, heading, temperature and more.

Add an auxiliary camera, auxiliary lights, and mort digger to help manage morts. With this package you receive everything you need to maintain your farm and perform instant inspections from anywhere on your farm site. www.deeptrekker.com

Industry Events Events listing

First edition of Pancosma Annual Reunion (PAR) focuses on non-nutrition

n 25-26 May 2016

Pancosma & Associates’ biggest corporate event of the year, the Pancosma Annual Reunion (PAR), was held in Montreux, Switzerland, from 14 – 17 March, 2016. The 4-day event featured an impressive lineup of invited speakers from the field of animal nutrition, along with Pancosma’s own technical experts, sales and marketing teams. Seminars and workshops provided a comprehensive overview of the latest product development in the context of the cutting edge research in animal nutrition.

The first edition of the PAR was entitled ‘Building on legacy, introducing non-nutrition’. During his opening speech, Dr Goetz Gotterbarm, CEO of Pancosma & Associates, highlighted the company’s rich history of research and innovation, and outlined the future direction of the company by growing on the foundations of its legacy.

PAR 2016 also provided a platform for Pancosma to unveil its next generation of functional feed additives based on the non-nutrition approach, the NEX range. Earlier this year in February, Pancosma launched the nonnutrition concept, a new addition to its series of concepts for animal nutrition.

Non-nutrition builds on the legacy of the revolutionary ‘Gut Effects’ concept first developed by the company, and promoted as Intelligent Gut Action®.

Non-nutrition This novel concept reveals the increasingly important role of a category of dietary compounds, called non-nutrients, and their effects, which extend beyond the benefits of nutrients to positively impact animal productivity.

Nutrients, such as proteins, amino acids, and minerals, provide the building blocks and energy for an organism to grow.

On the other hand, non-nutrients do not have an impact on the nutritional content of feed. Instead, they enhance productivity through non-nutritional mechanisms, resulting in the regulation of the immune and endocrine systems, metabolism, and the gut microflora. Therefore, non-nutrients, defined as substances with no nutritional value, can be integrated into nutritional strategies, to optimise the animal diet, maximise productivity and performance, and lower feed costs.

NEXt generation of functional feed additives The translation of the non-nutrition concept into effective feed additives to optimise animal production resulted in the NEX range. The first two products in this range are NexUlin and NexTend, designed for peri-peak application to fuel milk production while optimising feed efficiency in dairy cows, and to maintain stable egg production during the end of the laying period in laying hens, respectively.

Aquaculture UK 2016 http://aquacultureuk.com

n 02-04 June 2016

Middle East Aquaculture Forum www.meaf.ae/meaf16

n 04-06 June 2016

FutureFish Eurasia 2016 www.future-fish.com

n 07-08 June 2016

Pelleting of compound feed www.iff-braunschweig.de

n 27-29 July 2016

Indo Livestock www.indolivestock.com

n 08-09 August 2016

Aqua Fisheries Cambodia 2016 www.veas.com.vn

n 20-23 September 2016 Aquaculture Europe www.easonline.org

n 27-28 September 2016 Humber Seafood Summit www.seafish.org

n 19-20 October 2016 FIGAP 2016 www.figap.com

n 24-28 October 2016

The Micronutrient Forum - Mexico www.was.org

n 09-11 November 2016

Taiwan International Fisheries and Seafood Show www.taiwanfishery.com

n 15-18 November 2016 EuroTier http://eurotier.com

n 28 November 2016

For more industry event information - visit our events register www.aquafeed.co.uk

Latin American & Caribbean Aquaculture 2016 www.was.org

Aquavision OUR CONFERENCES

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

International Aquafeed also organises conferences - we will be working with VIV to host the Aquatic series in 2016

Aquavision, the world's premier business conference on Aquaculture, will take place on 13-15 June in Stavanger, Norway, attracting some 400 participants from over 40 countries to the heart of one of the world's most innovative aquaculture regions.

This year's crop of speakers includes Jim Lawless, CEO of The Velocity Corporation; Alf-Helge Aarskog, CEO, Marine Harvest ASA; Prof Daniel Berckmans, Head of M3-Biores Division, University of Leuven; Andrew Mallison, Director General, IFFO; Prof Jamie Anderson, Professor of Strategic Management at Antwerp Management School; Trude Olafsen, AKVA group's manager of strategic innovation projects; and globallyrecognised policy and communications consultant Avrim Lazar. www.aquavision.org

58 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events Taiwan International Fisheries and Seafood Show, 9th to 11th November 2016 The Taiwan International Fisheries and Seafood Show 2016, co-hosted by the Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA) and WES Worldwide Expo, will take place on November 9th11th at the Kaohsiung Exhibition Hall on a larger scale this year. The show has been open for registration since April 7.

This is the biggest professional exhibition in Taiwan, connecting suppliers, wholesalers and retailers in the fishery industry. With 250 local and international exhibitors on more than 500 booths, and a variety of displays, the show is expected to attract over 7000 domestic and foreign professional visitors, bringing in huge business opportunities in one platform.

According to TAITRA, the first edition of the show saw 215 exhibitors in 418 booths last year and attracted 6500 visitors, including 700 professional buyers from abroad. After the expo, international media posted stories on the event, giving

Taiwan’s fisheries and seafood industries greater visibility and exposure on the international stage.

The second edition of the expo will, for the first time, include a section for fisheries biotechnology. The new inclusion is aimed at promoting the development potential of the local fisheries and showcasing the trends of the local industry. TAITRA hopes to create a more competitive platform for exhibitors.

A century has passed since Taiwan started its fishery industry, which has achieved a balanced development in fishing, aquaculture, seafood processing, equipment manufacturing and logistic services. As an island country, Taiwan has an advantage in fishery development, with southern Taiwan being a place of great importance. In 2013, Taiwan’s fishery industry reached a US$3 billion annual production value, with 300,000 employees in related jobs, and was even ranked as having the world’s third-largest catch in pelagic fishing.

Taiwan’s fishery industry and its production value have thus played a vital part on the international market.

The technology and innovation skills demonstrated by local companies

have made them stand out from their international counterparts.

Times are changing and the world is now seeing growing concern over environmental issues. The fishery industry now faces a global crisis as we are draining ocean resources. With a firm industrial foundation and world-leading technologies, Taiwan is now able to artificially breed over 100 aquatic species, including being one of the first nations to successfully breed six of the seven artificially bred grouper species in the world.

Owning a complete germplasm bank, the fishing industry is the typical ‘hidden champion’ of Taiwan’s traditional industries, providing the perfect edge for global industrial transition and upgrade.

The Taiwan International Fisheries and Seafood Show will present a complete picture of the accomplishments that Taiwan’s fishery industry has achieved, and will serve as the best platform in Asia for promoting sustainable fishery and seafood transactions. The expo will see manufacturers, suppliers and retailers from the industry gather at the same venue and will again promote Taiwan’s fishery industry successfully on the world stage.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 59

Industry Events

THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY’S ASIAN PACIFIC AQUACULTURE (APA) 2016 CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed INVE Aquaculture team at their stand following their “Care for Growth, The New INVE” press release

Riduan Effendi, Randy Soewarno, Wan Arfian, Luky Rasmawan, and Arwita Hapsari of DSM Indonesia at their stand

The World Aquaculture Society’s Asian Pacific Aquaculture (APA) 2016 Conference and Exposition was held at the Grand City Convention Centre in Surabaya, Indonesia, between Tuesday 26 April and Friday 29 April, 2016.

Hosted by the Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), the four-day event boasted a record number of visitors; with 220 booths, 4000 attendees and 1500 conference attendees, a total of 5500 people from over 75 different countries came to the event, where the theme this year was “Profitability, Sustainability, and Responsibility for the Future” This theme permeated throughout the show, with information on these key ideas disseminated through the means of scientific posters, oral presentations, and of course the interactions between the many attendees and exhibitors. As well as this, the trade show featured 10 concurrent sessions including Technical and Farmer’s day seminars A truly International show I was in attendance in my capacity as International Aquafeed magazine’s editorial team member, alongside our Asian-Pacific editorial representative and Director of Aquaculture without Frontiers, Roy Palmer.

From my personal interactions it seemed as though attendees were mainly from but not limited to Indonesia and the nearby South East Asian countries of Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines.

According to frequent attendees of Indonesian aquaculture shows, this event had many high quality attendees and exhibitors when compared to other local events. The general consensus for this seemed to be that it was not only due to the booming growth in the South East Asian Aquaculture industry; but also because the Indonesian events IndoAqua 2016 (Indonesian Aquaculture), FITA 2016 (Technical Innovation Forum Aquaculture) were held the day prior.

In addition to this, the ISTA 2016 (Eleventh International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture) was held under the same roof, boosting international interest. This combination meant that there were many International as well as local visitors.

WAS Student volunteers were always on hand From the registration on the first day until the show close on Friday, it must be acknowledged that the WAS student volunteers from local universities were an excellent help whenever they could be, whether you needed directions to a presentation or a code for the WI-FI, the student volunteers were always smiling and available to help at their booths in the entrance hall.

I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to attend the WAS Student quiz night, hosted at the Santika Indonesia Hotel. Randomly sorted groups of local and international aquaculture students competed in a variety of both fun and intellectual challenges in order to try and take a share of the whopping $4000 USD cash prize pool.

60 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events Prize money was distributed between the aquaculture quiz, best national dress contest, a catwalk competition, and the student talent show.

It was a very enjoyable evening where students were given an opportunity to network, make themselves memorable in the contests, and pocket some cash for their efforts (not to be overlooked as finances can be tight as a student!), and of course have some fun.

New products and innovations As is the case at most major trade shows, some companies took the opportunity at this event to launch their new products, technologies, and innovations.

One of these companies was Evonik Industries who launched their innovative new feed additive called INAQUA Met-Met which is their first peptide specifically developed for the aqua industry as it has a low-water solubility and therefore the leeching of the feed nutrients can be mimalised. You can read more about INAQUA Met-Met in this issue of International Aquafeed on page 36.

Another company to make an announcement at APA 2016 was INVE Aquaculture who held a press release on “Care for Growth”, their new approach to branding their company. With the recent merging of Benchmark and INVE Aquaculture, together they will offer a holistic approach to ‘caring for growth’ in the industry.

According to Philippe Leger, CEO of INVE Aquaculture “Benchmark’s toolbox of animal health and breeding solutions will complete INVE Aquaculture’s current offering of advanced nutrition and health products. Together they are becoming

One of many presentations given at APA 2016

At the Evonik stand, Alexandros Samartzis, Albert Tacon, Gaelle Husser, Grant Xie, Maskur, and Mercyawati Subianto

Indo Fisheries16_Perendale_Cetak.ai 1 22/03/2016 10:42:57

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International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 61

Song and dance at the opening evening of APA 2016

Excitement in the crowd following the opening celebration of APA 2016

Industry Events a unique knowledge and solutions platform that supports their customers in taking better care throughout the culture lifecycle”.

The Blue Aqua team at their stand

The Phileo team at their stand, Aurore de Vienne, Le Trong Tri, and Philippe Tacon The outstanding WAS Student volunteers gather in the entrance hall for a group photo

Mélanie Guedon and Lionel Flament of Soleval at their stand

Local and International Aquaculture students work together during the WAS student evening aquaculture quiz

The winning group for the Aquaculture quiz at the WAS Student’s evening, awarded $500 USD

So, what did the attendees think of the exhibition?

I managed to catch up with European Aquaculture Society member for over 16 years, Dr. Kai-J. Kühlmann the Head Technical Manager of Feed Additives for Trouw Nutrition, who has recently written for another Perendale Publisher’s publication, Milling and Grain magazine contributing to our Commodities section. We had a discussion about his attendance and the exhibition overall.

Trouw Nutrition were there together with its Sister company Skretting. There were two products in particular they were presenting at the show, Dr Kühlmann explained that, “one is a mycotoxin binder product which then combines with a technical laboratory which we will product-bundle to high quality standard feed mills in order for them to check for themselves, right on the spot, the mycotoxin levels. That machine is called the Mycomaster, which provides an analysis for the six leading mycotoxin levels of a feed material to a specific detail in just five minutes. An important device as we now use more plant materials in aquaculture feeds.”

Having attended Asian-Pacific Aquaculture shows in the past, he had the following to say when I asked him how this one compared, “I have been to a couple of these events in the past, the last one I remember was in India many years ago. One thing I have seen in common is that once these events start in a region or in a respective country, there becomes a very strong presence for that country. Now we have a very strong presence here in Indonesia, we have seen a lot of very good posters and presentations on present research. There have been students, farmers and many different visitors to the booth.”

Philippe Tacon of Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, who is the Sales Manager for South East Asia was at his stand and we had a chance to discuss the event. They were launching two products at the show, one was a re-launch of SafMannan but this time specifically for aquaculture.

The second was an aquaculture specific product called Aquasaf.

“Aquasaf is a product directly for the farmers so that they can have a better growth and health performance for both fish and shrimp.

Two formulas are available, one for hatchery starter and one for grow-out”, explained Mr Tacon.

When I asked him for his thoughts on the show, he had the following to say, “APA shows in the past few years have been quite different for us, the one in Vietnam was our first one as exhibitors, and the one in JeJu (Korea) lacked attendance, perhaps because of the high cost to send people there or because Korea is not yet a major aquaculture market."

“Whereas Indonesia has been a booming country in terms of aquaculture development, for the past two years at least. There is a strong push from the government in regards to aquaculture in Indonesia.

The attendance and the quality of this show is also very good because a lot of companies have come and invested in larger booths. The show is professionally organised, so overall I have been impressed.”

Looking forward to 2017 and beyond The gold sponsor for the event was Blue Aqua who housed an impressive two story tower in the centre of the trade show.

Session sponsers included Evonik Industries, AquaFish Innovation Lab, Rabobank, MSD Animal Health, and INVE Aquaculture.

Next year we have Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2017 to look forward to which will be held at the Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia from August 26th until August 27th.

Overall APA 2016 was very successful, so much so that I have heard from the organiser that there are discussions already underway to hold the World Aquaculture Society meeting, World Aquaculture 2020 in Indonesia.

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“Innovative Aquaculture under Environmental Challenges”

Sheraton Convention Centre Lima, Peru November 28 - December 1, 2016

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Organised by the Latin American & Caribbean Chapter of WAS

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Hosted by : Ministry of Production Peru

For More Information Contact: For More Information Contact:

Conference Manager Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: |+1.760.751.5003 worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org Email: Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org

Industry Events

Bjorn Karlsen, Director of Sales, from AKVA Group ASA

Grand entrance to the Seafood expo in Brussels

Clams at the Brussels SeaFood expo

The team from GlobalG.A.P

Mussels from Brussels Selection of fish from Brussels Seafood expo

Ryan and Torben from Hvalpund Net

Cray Fish Christmas Tree

SEAFOOD EXPO GLOBAL

International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine visit the Brussels SeaFood expo. The Brussels Seafood Expo is the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest seafood trade event. More than 26,000 buyers, suppliers, media, and other seafood professionals from more than 140 countries visit the exposition. Attendees come to meet with existing suppliers, source new products and network with other industry professionals. It is the global place where the seafood industry meets.

Giuliani Cassinotti from Advanced Aquaculture on floating nets Max Goulden DIrector of MEC with Darren Parris and Roger Gilbert of International Aquafeed Magazine

Peter Rasmussen from IRAS

Urban Hard from Arenco Oysters from Jersey Osyter

64 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Gwendy Vernaillen and Bert van Ommeren from Solid Pack Fresh Sushi at the Brussels Seafood Expo

Shrimp feed formulation, just smarter.

You can count on AMINOShrimp® to give you the best recommendation for shrimp feed.

• AMINOShrimp® is an interactive and easy to use software calculating amino acid recommendations for whiteleg shrimp.

• The amino acid recommendations are provided according to species-specific requirements and can be adjusted by the user to different production scenarios. animal-nutrition@evonik.com www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition

FEATURE

Sustainable aquaculture takes centre stage at Monaco Blue Initiative in Sao Paulo

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by Roger Gilbert, Publisher and Roy Palmer, IAF Writer

razil Invest Worldwide through their delegates Agostinho Turbian and Jose Podesta invited the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) to Sao Paulo on April 3-4, 2016 extending the relationship with HSH Prince Albert ll.

The event took place in the Palácio dos Bandeirantes (Bandeirantes Palace), which is home to São Paulo’s governor and holds a large and famous collection of art.

The Monaco Blue Initiative is an effective platform for communication and exchange between representatives from different backgrounds: scientific, entrepreneurial, political decision-makers and civil society.

It aims to analyze and put forward the possible synergies between the protection of marine ecosystems and socio-economic development.

The theme of this year’s edition of the MBI was “Sustainable aquaculture at the heart of a blue economy”.

66 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

Opening

The meeting was opened jointly by the Governor G. Alckmin and Prince Albert ll with a glamorous cocktail party with the presence of government authorities, business entrepreneurs and delegates to MBI. This was the 7th Edition of the MBI and it is getting an enviable position where discussion about topics of high relevance is linked to preservation of the seas and oceans and their sustainable development.

Whilst Monaco is a small principality with an enviable quality of life and has a strong and deep connection and knowledge of the oceans through Prince Albert l, who was passionate about oceanography.

The Prince developed studies and research with a select group of scientists which saw the beginning of the Monaco Oceanographic Institute, a recognised world reference library on oceanography.

Since Prince Albert ll’s accession as Sovereign in the Principality he has shown great interest about the environment and the protection of the oceans and seas. The MBI was launched in 2010 and each Edition has engaged discussions pursued with experts and decision makers worldwide on the various themes.

New challenges have raised the importance to establish a sustainable production system. Aquaculture is opening new doors and becoming an innovative source to extract more production suitable for human consumption (with strong emphasis on nutrition), energy, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.

The Circular Economy

This edition also covered the circular economy in aquaculture, questions about sustainability creating the ability to feed local populations and, not forgetting, the role of Marine Protected Areas in marine ecosystems which are exposed to climate change.

Brazil with about 3.5m km2 of water under its jurisdiction and a massive 4500 miles of coastline has opportunity but currently has low production coupled with low consumption of seafood.

There are over 200 million people in Brazil and their seafood consumption is less than half of world average so there is great scope for improvement.

The first session ‘South America and the challenge of sustainable aquaculture: trends and challenges’ was moderated

by Doris Soto and included panelists: Wagner Valenti (Sao Paulo University); Xavier Chalen (Conservation Internatonal); Felipe Matias (Ministry of Agriculture); Antonio Garza de Yta (CONESPA-WAS) and covered the challenges of freshwater and marine aquaculture.

This was a good start to the day’s activities as set the scene on what was happening in Mexico, Brazil and other Latin American countries.

One of the main issues that came from this was the essential governance and understanding the need for specific aquaculture legislation and regulations and the importance of workforce development and training opportunities from the vocational to the higher level educational opportunities.

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 67

FEATURE

Session two, moderated by Roger Gilbert, publisher of International Aquafeed, ‘No waste, no pollution, more value: aquaculture in the circular economy’ with panelists Jean-Pascal Bergé (IDmer); Thierry Chopin (Canadian IMTA Network); Raphaëla Le Gouvello (AMURE Brest) and Those who have not had the privilege of attending a MBI event would not appreciate the dedication of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco who generally attends and engages the whole conference, taking notes, listening to the debates, etc.

During this session he was noted taking a picture with his cell phone of Thierry Chopin’s well-known slide explaining the functioning of IMTA systems and wholeheartedly laughing when Thierry Chopin did his IMTA dance (a variation on YMCA by Village People!). The Prince, later told Thierry that it was a great way to make sure that he will remember IMTA in the future.

Towards sustainability

After lunch we had an exciting session with lots of great information and passion and would certainly have kept everyone awake! This was entitled ‘Engaging consumers and stakeholders towards sustainability’ and as moderated by Roy Palmer (Association of International Seafood Professionals) with an excellent well credentialed panel with a whole diversity of activities and actions.

The panelists were: Itamar Rocha (ABCC-Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Camarão); Werner Jost (CAMANOR); Alessandra Weyandt (INMETRO); Cintia Miyaji (Unimonte University ) and Laurent Viguie (ASC).

Accreditation, standards and certifications put aquaculture high on a list of limited foods which can demonstrate sustainability and the discussion showed today that we have global and local opportunities in this regard.

“Clearly they are too many certifications and we need to be aware that the costs of maintenance may impact on those which do not perform,” says by moderator Roy Palmer.

We learned a lot about the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities about aquaculture in Brazil and Latin America and that traceability is essential for many aspects, not least of these is food safety, so knowing what the species is and where it is from is relevant.

Itamar Rocha was strong in both passion and conviction and both he and Werner Jost put to bed the issue which constantly crops up regarding mangroves and shrimp farming. Whilst it is acknowledged there were errors in the past the shrimp farming industry understands the importance of the mangrove areas as a nursery for the industry and that one of the best locations for a shrimp farm is essentially behind a mangrove area.

Oceans and climate change

The next session covered ‘Ocean’s role in climate change’ moderated by François Simard (IUCN) and included a keynote speech: Pascal Lamy (Global Ocean Commission) and panelists Dan Laffoley (IUCN); Christophe Lefebvre (Agence des Aires Marines Protégées - MPA Bureau - France); Waldemar Coutts Smart (Director de Medio Ambiente y Asuntos Marítimos

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Santiago) and Sebastian Troeng (Conservation International).

The impacts of climate change on marine resources were indeed of concern.

Issues regarding bleaching of important coral reef areas, ocean acidification and factual anecdotes of specific species moving creating confusion in various activities were discussed.

Interestingly, following on from MBI the Intergovernmental Group on Climate Change (IPCC), held the 43rd working session of which concluded on April 13, 2016 in Nairobi, and has approved the establishment of three Special Reports, one of which will be focused on interactions between the climate, ocean and cryosphere.

On the initiative of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco, his Foundation approached the IPCC during its 41st session in February 2015, asking it to produce a Special Report on the Ocean.

For more than a year, the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation and the Government of Monaco have continued their efforts to stress the importance of this initiative and the issues at stake.

This work was conducted in partnership with the ‘Ocean and Climate Platform’ which brought together, prior to COP 21 in Paris, close to 70 international players from the scientific community, civil society and the business world.

‘Ocean’s Call for Climate’, a petition launched by the Platform, received over 30,000 signatures to urge signatory countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to place the ocean at the heart of the climate agenda.

The strong mobilisation of states for ocean/climate issues was confirmed at COP 21 by the signing of the Declaration ‘Because the Ocean’ by 22 countries. This Declaration, initiated

by Monaco and Chile, and signed personally by HSH the Sovereign Prince, called on the IPCC to produce a Special Report on the Ocean in the light of the alarming consequences of global warming and increased greenhouse gas emissions on oceans.

Acidification and rising sea levels are some of the effects which already are having a major impact on the lives, economy and security of thousands of people worldwide.

Topical issues

The final session was ‘Updates on topical issues’ and consisted of two presenters - Serge Segura (Ambassadeur chargé des océans, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères) and Patricio Bernal (Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas - Chile).

Segura spoke about the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdictions negotiations highlighting that they were going as well as can be expected and that he was hopeful of good outcomes into the future.

Likewise Patricio Bernal gave an update on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as they relate to the Ocean – encouraging that there are 10 specific targets for improvement of the Oceans but, according to Pascal, this is always something that needs pursuing if we are to be successful.

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FEATURE

“Everything that this innovative think tank has achieved over the last seven years, we owe to the commitment and talent of its participants – in other words to your talent and commitment. Each one of you has provided valuable input to this work, enabling it to reach the quality it is today” - says HSH Prince Albert ll, Monaco in closing the one-day conference in Sao Paulo

RESPONSIBLE AND AMBITIOUS AQUACULTURE TO OFFER AN EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE

HSH Prince Albert ll, Monaco in closing the 7th Monaco Blue Initiative in Sao Paulo, Brazil

“The key challenge of the Monaco Blue Initiative: to focus on the intelligence and motivation of various individuals and unite them so that together we can take more effective action.” - HSH Prince Albert ll, Monaco The principle of the Monaco Blue Initiative, which from year to year focuses frequently on recurring topics, is in this respect particularly enlightening. It enables us to see how certain solutions, which only a few years ago were still experimental, today have reached an extremely encouraging level of maturity.

The issues we discussed today are in this respect emblematic of a world that is changing and which, despite our legitimate impatience, is learning to turn finally to the sea in a responsible way.

Although we are delighted with the progress made in aquaculture and the greater consideration given to maritime issues in the face of climate change, we also know that the situation of the oceans is often worrying and sometimes tragic.

The question is therefore to know what we should do to speed up the change, and how to promote it.

By making a connection between global issues and consumer practices, by addressing environmental issues whilst offering solutions with regard to nutrition, energy and health, the economic level can now be at the heart of ocean protection.

It is thanks to responsible and ambitious aquaculture that tomorrow we will be able to offer an effective alternative to so many practices that are destroying our seas year after year.

It is by mobilizing producers around tangible and positive objectives that we will manage to do so. But above all it is by offering real benefits to both consumers and the local populations that we will make the change happen.

However there is often a gap between conviction and action.

Most often this gap is due to the economic reality.

Today, it is essential that we implement the conditions that will

enable us to overcome any obstacles and promote the development of sustainable growth.

Especially as far as aquaculture is concerned, but also marine protected areas, as we have discussed, and the energy transition, the role of the public authorities should be to foster models which will enable burgeoning initiatives to be fully deployed.

In brief, their role should be to introduce a sustainability challenge consistent with commercial trade so that producers and consumers alike benefit.

As the success stories presented to us have demonstrated, it is by introducing this notion of sustainability, through incentives or regulations, through the invention of innovative mechanisms and by promoting this sustainability economically speaking, that we will be able to create the conditions for genuine change.

To achieve such change however, it is necessary to build on good practice, grass roots needs, in order to guarantee the longevity of the mechanisms concerned.

Our meeting today is for me an initial way of uniting these points of view. But we must go even further. This is the sense of the actions I implement as Head of State and through my Foundation, to promote the renewal of economic instruments to foster sustainable development.

To conclude today’s meeting, I would like to encourage you to continue the discussions between disciplines and approaches which have made the MBI successful.

Let us therefore trust our ability, that of scientists, environmental players, political and business leaders and let us mobilise them through dialogue, experimentation and will!

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 69

Dol Sensors

VICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS

– proving “that quality counts.”

From humble beginnings in a car park in Bangkok, VICTAM Asia has blossomed into “Asia’s international showcase for the feed and grain industry” expanding by 600 percent over the last 25 years.

This year, the 25th Anniversary of VICTAM Asia, this pattern was unchanging, as the show grew by 11 percent on 2014, and could boast a visitor increase of 5 percent – with the show organisers avowing that this proves “that quality counts!”

With such impressive statistics we took to the fold to find out from the exhibitors what they were showcasing, how well their business was expanding into the evergrowing Asian market, and crucially their feelings on the success of this year’s show.

Here we have the first eight, watch out for more to come in our June edition of Milling and Grain!

Dr Eckel Do you exhibit in Victam regularly?

Yes we participate for the third time at Victam and it was a great show What are your major products launch in this event?

We applied this year for our product Anta®Ox Aqua - a unique plant-based feed additive. It contains a carefully composed combination of valuable flavonoids, developed to face the challenges in modern aquaculture - in a natural way. Extensive research has impressively documented the effectiveness in different species: in the laboratory and in the field: in tanks and in huge ponds. The application of this innovative formula in aquaculture and especially in shrimp farming is new, and absolutely promising.

What do you think of this year Victam?

We met a lot of highly professional key players in the industry and we don’t want to miss them. For the first time we were with 7 people at the booth and especially on Tuesday and Wednesday we needed them all.

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Palle Jørgensen, Business Unit Manager, Dol Sensors

What is Dol Sensors here promoting at VICTAM this year?

Well, the big change for Dol Sensors is that we are now acting as an independent business unit, we were formally part of Scoff the leading supplier of climate systems for poultry and pork production, but Dol Sensors has now been separated.

We wanted to enhance our focus on the sensors for the aquaculture market, a large focus being feed sensors, which we are showcasing here at VICTAM Have you had a successful show here at VICTAM? Very much so, I’m fairly new to the business, I have a sales person here in Asia who is responsible for the Asian Market, so I was not quite sure what to expect but it has been very very successful. We have made a lot of very good contacts even, without being too optimistic, with some good business potential. It has been a very good show, absolutely.

Other than Asia, which countries are you focusing on?

We are a Global operation, we are most active in the Northern Hemisphere, so North America, including Mexico, Europe, we are starting to move more into the Middle East but not so much in Africa, and then let’s say more Northern Asia, so Thailand, China, India, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia. Obviously with Thailand and China as our main drivers. Obviously we see potential in Australia and New Zealand, as we do South America but it’s so far away from Denmark! So we’re trying to expand when we see increasing success.

Besides VICTAM, what other exhibitions are Dol Sensors participating in?

Well there’s a few, we have just recently been at VIV in Abu Dhabi, we were in Atlanta in January, but VICTAM is really good because a lot of our main products are going into the feed industry, as an event it fits very well with our company.

Sonac Geert Van de Velden, Sales Manager, Sonac

What is it that Sonac is here promoting at FIAAP/VICTAM/GRAPAS Asia 2016?

At VICTAM or FIAAP, the feed part of the show, we are promoting our animal proteins for all species - chickens, pigs and fish feed, we do minerals for the same species, then we have what we call the speciality products with more added value or with a certain functionality - like our plasma proteins or hydrolised proteins we are here to promote these products. That is why we organized our seminar yesterday (30th March), to teach and educate our customers and distributors in the Asian region.

How did you feel your conference went?

I was happy with the result, we booked a room for 50 people and it was almost completely full so we were happy with that.

Idah Danny Chang, General Manager

What is Idah here to promote at VICTAM? Our aim here is to focus on our aqua feed solutions especially for shrimp feed, which we have been working on for a long time since we started in Taiwan. We want to further promote our specialist shrimp feed solutions, and to meet some new clients especially in the booming countires like India, Vietnam, and Indonesia So you have a strong foundation in the Asian market then?

Yes very, we have been here for forty years.

So what are your thoughts on VICTAM Asia this year?

I think it has been better than two years ago, with more people coming and of course because it’s VICTAM people who visit the show are very professional and they are serious. Very unlike other shows, with VICTAM you don’t see many people, that is because the people who visit want something - there is a very specific clientele and that’s why we like VICTAM so much.

Insta-pro Carl Arnold, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Insta-Pro

What products are you showcasing at VICTAM? We are featuring our medium sheer extruder, it’s our MS3000 for making fish feed. That’s our main one, we have a whole equipment line including extruders and oil presses but this market is specifically looking at aquatic type feeds.

How have you found FIAARP/VICTAM/ GRAPAS Asia 2016?

It’s been great the traffic through the booth has been very strong. The first day I wasn’t here but my colleagues said it was extremely busy, and then today we’ve had follow up visits form those people who are very seriously interested. So far so good!

Sonac, under Darling, is a very large company with many different specialties, what is your main focus for the Asian market?

For me it is feed and pet food, but let’s say for example our food division is very big in gelatin, we have a big gelatin market in China. Asia is extremely important for us as there are so many people living here.

From the top of my head I couldn’t say for the whole company how the sales are split geographically but it is inevitable that Asia is an important region for all parts of our business. I think only our Biofuels are not yet present in the Asian market.

How do you feel VICTAM Asia 2016 went for Sonac?

On the whole we are satisfied, we always participate both here and in Cologne and even though it is mostly an equipment show, there aren’t as many ingredient exhibitors, we still have a good chance as there are still nutritionists who attend the show, and attend the seminars and walk around, most of them prefer to go to ingredient suppliers rather than to people who supply equipment, so we get a lot of people coming by who are interested and asking questions, so we are satisfied.

Elevator buckets Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group) Additives

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com Liptosa +34 902 157711 www.liptosa.com Sonac +31 499 364800 www.sonac.biz

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

Elevator & Conveyor Components

Westeel +1 204 233 7133 www.westeel.com

4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Animal Health & Nutrition Cenzone +1 760 736 9901 www.cenzone.com

Bags Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Bin dischargers Denis +33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr

Bulk storage Bentall Rowlands +44 1724 282828 www.bentallrowlands.com Chief Industries UK Ltd +44 1621 868944 www.chief.co.uk Croston Engineering +44 1829 741119 www.croston-engineering.co.uk Silo Construction Engineers +32 51723128 www.sce.be Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

Enzymes Ab Vista +44 1672 517 650 www.abvista.com

GMP+ International +31703074120 www.gmpplus.org

Conveyors Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale

Colour sorters B端hler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Amino acids Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

VAV +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Certification

Analysis Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V +55 54450460 Ext. 1105 www.avimex.com.mx

STIF +33 2 41 72 16 80 www.stifnet.com

ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

Event organisers VIV +31 30 295 2772 www.viv.net

Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Computer software Adifo NV +32 50 303 211 www.adifo.com Format International Ltd +44 1483 726081 www.formatinternational.com

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de

Colour sorters SEA S.r.l. +39 054 2361423 www.seasort.com

Coolers & driers Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com Geelen Counterflow +31 475 592315 www.geelencounterflow.com Muyang Group +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Brabender +49 203 7788 0 www.brabender.com Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br Insta-Pro International +1 515 254 1260 www.insta-pro.com Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

72 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

Ugur Makina +90 (364) 235 00 26 www.ugurmakina.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com Zheng Chang +86 21 64188282 www.zhengchang.com

Palletisers

PAYPER, S.A. +34 973 21 60 40 www.payper.com

Borregaard LignoTech +47 69 11 80 00 www.lignotechfeed.com PellTech +47 69 11 80 00 www.pelltech.org

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Biomin +43 2782 803 0 www.biomin.net Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition. com

Rolls Leonhard Breitenbach +49 271 3758 0 www.breitenbach.de OJ Hojtryk +45 7514 2255 www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Safety equipment Rembe +49 2961 740 50 www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

NIR-Online +49 6227 732668 www.nir-online.de

Silos CB Packaging +44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com

Dishman +31 318 545 754 www.dishman-netherlands.com

Training Aqua TT +353 1 644 9008 www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services

Vaccines

Probiotics

Seedburo +1 312 738 3700 www.seedburo.com

Packaging

Shrimp feed additives

Andritz +45 72 160300 Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu www.andritz.com

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770 www.doescher.com

NIR systems

Dol Sensors +45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

Used around

all industrial Plants sectors.

Moisture analyzers

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

Agromatic +41 55 2562100 www.agromatic.com

Jacob Sohne +49 571 9580 www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Vega +44 1444 870055 www.vega.com/uk

CHOPIN Technologies +33 14 1475045 www.chopin.fr

Aqualabo +33 2 97 89 25 30 www.aqualabo.fr

Pipe systems

BinMaster Level Controls +1 402 434 9102 www.binmaster.com FineTek Co., Ltd +886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

Sensors

Rentokil Pest Control +44 0800 917 1987 www.rentokil.co.uk

Laboratory equipment

Level measurement

Tornum AB +46 512 29100 www.tornum.com

Pest control

Hatchery products

Bastak +90 312 395 67 87 www.bastak.com.tr

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Akzo Nobel +46 303 850 00 www.bredol.com

SPAROS Tel.: +351 249 435 145 Website: www.sparos.pt

Reed Mariculture +1 877 732 3276 www.reed-mariculture.com

Muyang +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Pellet binders

Jefo

Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

MYSILO +90 382 266 2245 www.mysilo.com

Ehcolo A/S +45 75 398411 www.ehcolo.com

Feed Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com

Obial +90 382 2662120 www.obial.com.tr

Kepler Weber Group +55 11 4873-0300 www.kepler.com.br

Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

International Aquafeed - May | June 2016 | 73

Ridgeway Biologicals +44 1635 579516 www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Vacuum Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition +55 11 3093 0753 www.iccbrazil.com Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tom Blacker. +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

the interview Prof Brett Glencross Dr Brett Glencross is the Professor for Aquaculture Nutrition at the Institute of Aquaculture at the University of Stirling. He commenced this role in January 2016 and has also been the Insitute’s Director of Research since March 2016.

However, prior to his most recent appointment, Prof Glencross has worked closely with several major international aquaculture feed companies throughout Australia, Asia and Europe. He also has Honours and Masters Degrees in Biochemistry from the University of Western Australia and a PhD in Animal Nutrition from the University of Queensland.

Since moving to Scotland, his work has focused on species such as Atlantic salmon, chinook salmon, barramundi and shrimp.

As the Director of Research of one of the world’s leading Aquaculture research centres, how do you view your role and responsibility in the institution and the industry?

The Institute of Aquaculture enjoys an unrivalled reputation as a place of excellence in both research and teaching related to aquaculture; to me that was part of the attraction in moving here to Scotland from Australia. My role as Director of Research has many elements to it, but perhaps principally is to oversee the research we do and help the institute move forward by helping our extremely talented group of staff do the best work they can, in a way that delivers real world impact whilst applying cutting edge technologies in doing so. As an applied science Institute our first and foremost responsibility is to the industry.

For over forty years the Institute has been at the forefront of delivering real impact in the aquaculture industry both here in Scotland and across the world. It’s amazing when you look at the alumni we boast, as well as how far the Institute’s influence across the globe has been. How we attract students and industry partners from across the globe on the back of that legacy, is also a real credit. I see it as a real honour to be handed the responsibility to continue to build that legacy and our links to industry I see as key to that moving forward.

How do you think Aquaculture will answer the challenge of providing enough protein to feed the estimated 9.1 billion people by 2050?

As we approach 2050, there are a suite of global megatrends shaping the world we live in. One of those is the impending population of nine billion plus. Another is the growing level of affluence across the world. With this increase in wealth people are responding with an increase protein and meat consumption as they seek to eat better quality foods that they enjoy, not just subsist on. Estimates of the meat consumption across the world suggest that as affluence (USD$ GDP/capita) increases that there is an increase in meat consumption to about 60 to 80 kg/person/year.

Within this meat consumption it has been noted that at least a quarter of this is fish derived protein. A simple analysis of these factors shows that as we go from seven billion to nine billion people that we’re going to need at least 30 percent more seafood than the 120 million tonnes we presently produce and harvest. That’s another 36 million tonnes of seafood that simply can’t be provided sustainably from wild fisheries. There is in all reality no other answer to sustainable and responsible seafood production than aquaculture.

Do you believe that the aquaculture industry is currently well positioned to either reap any potential rewards, or are enough measures in place to avert any potential disasters?

ahead. Some of these are specific to our region, while others are global issues. I tend to see the glass as half full and believe that the industry IS positioned to reap the rewards going forward, but there is still a serious amount of work to be done before we get there. A constrained amount of fishmeal and fish oil is an obvious challenge, but our scientists have been leading the charge on finding solutions to the fishmeal and omega-3 trap for almost 30 years.

We’ve been working on a range of projects looking at vegetable sources of both protein and omega-3 and how this can fit into the Scottish salmon industry moving forward. I wouldn’t say we’re “out of the tunnel” in this area yet, but we can see some light in the distance for sure. Another challenge we have a big focus on is the threat of sea lice to the North Atlantic salmon industry. We manage a series of projects looking at different strategies to deal with this problem, from the use cleaner fish to understanding mechanisms of treatment resistance. It’s another big area of research for the Institute and we’re making some real progress in this area.

What is your opinion on the FDA approval of Genetically Modified Atlantic Salmon in the US?

This is a fantastic piece of science. Whatever way you look at it and whatever your opinion is on the use of genetically modified food, you can’t deny that the science here is pretty cool. However, as it is often said, “the devil is in the detail”, the impact here will be interesting to watch going forward to see how society deals with what is arguably the biggest move forward in terms of genetically modified animals for food.

Humans have been consuming genetically modified crops for over two decades now, so I guess this is now the next “brave new world” frontier?

What role is the University of Stirling taking in ensuring the sustainability of aquaculture practices – can you tell us a bit about how you have been aiding aquaculture practices in developing countries?

So much of the work we do at the Institute of Aquaculture is directed at ensuring that future development of the Scottish and global aquaculture industry is done on a responsible and sustainable basis. Cutting edge work in our vaccines lab is helping minimise chemical use in aquaculture across the globe. We have projects in Southeast Asia exploring the use of probiotic strategies to minimise antibiotic use in aquaculture.

We have many of our staff working on projects in developing countries in both Africa and Southeast Asia looking at things like disease management, feed resource development and social sciences to understand the bigger picture situations now and on the horizon. With close to 90 percent of the world’s aquaculture activity occurring in the developing world, I see this area as an important one for the Institute moving forward.

Like any industry, aquaculture has its fair share of challenges

74 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

PEOPLE

THE INDUSTRY FACES

GMV board welcomes Rene Smulders

L

ast November, GMV had to say goodbye to two very involved board members. Paul den Ouden and Sander Schwartz made room for two new board members. One of these new board members is Mr René Smulders, CCO at KSE Process Technology.

“Result-oriented and a strategic approach are qualities of René on what we can count on within GMV in the coming years”, said Jacqueline van Oosten - FME.

Rene Smulders

“Within the feed sector, René is surely not unknown. As in the entire agrifood sector, there are many developments and there is plenty of work to do. René likes to contribute to rejuvenate GMV and bringing it a step further”.

René is responsible for the ‘Biobased’ and ‘Meat & Feed’ sections, within the GMV board.

“It is important to look further into the agrifood chain than just our own link in the chain”, said René Smulders.

“By looking along the entire chain we can efficiently and effectively deal with, and solve the challenges in the sector. This should ultimately result in a better cooperating chain and an optimised process from seed to meat.

Aker BioMarine appoint new Director of Communications

K

atrin Berntsen, Aker BioMarine’s new Director of Communications, will be responsible for managing and directing the company’s internal and external communications.

Passionate, creative and organised, Katrin brings more than 15 years of experience specialising in messaging strategy, product launches, crisis communications, and more.

Prior to joining Aker BioMarine, she managed communications for Wilhelmsen Ships Service and Opera Software. She holds a Masters Degree in European Politics and a BA in Media.

Katrin Berntsen

Aker BioMarine announce new Director of Sustainability

C

ilia Holmes Indahl, Aker BioMarine’s new Director of Sustainability, will further develop and implement the company’s sustainability strategy while working with key stakeholders and non-government organisations (NGOs) interested in krill and Antarctica.

During the past few years, Cilia has held several positions dedicated to sustainable development and climate change in Norway and abroad. She holds Masters Degrees in both Sustainable Development and International Business.

Cilia Holmes Indahl

Tharangani K Herath – Harper Adams University

D

r Tharangani Herath joined Harper Adams University as a Senior Lecturer in Aquaculture Health in March, 2016. She obtained her PhD (Aquatic Veterinary Sciences, 2010) from the University of Stirling, UK and her Bachelor Degree in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (BVSc) from the University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka.

Dr Tharangani Herath

During the last five years at the world renowned Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling. Dr Herath’s research primarily focused on understanding host-pathogen interaction of infectious diseases in aquatic animals. She used in vitro and in vivo models to develop and characterise vaccines and functional feeds for commercially important salmonid diseases.

At Harper Adams University, her main research interest will be to understand mucosal biology and host-pathogen interaction at mucosal surfaces (gut, gill and skin) and to develop sustainable health strategies (vaccines, immunostimulants and functional feeds) for major farmed fish species, working with Professor Simon Davies.

Dr. Herath has expertise on both conventional (histopathology, immunohistochemistry and ELISA) and advanced (microarray, immune-confocal microscopy and electron microscopy) research techniques and she is especially interested on 3R research innovations to reduce animal experimental work. She also expects to contribute actively to Harper Adams’s research portfolio and teaching excellence with her expertise on immunology, veterinary pathology and transcriptomics in respect to other terrestrial animals.

76 | May | June 2016 - International Aquafeed

A COCKTAIL OF TECHNOLOGIES

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