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Organization of Cell ❖ EXERCISE 1. Differentiate between ‘prokaryotic’ and ‘eukaryotic’ cells. 2. With the help of neat labelled diagrams differentiate ‘Plant’ cell from ‘Animal’ cell. 3. Write short notes on following cell organelles: i) Lysosomes ii) Peroxisomes iii) Glyoxysomes iv) Ribosomes 4. Describe the structure of the controlling centre of the cell. 5. Give the function of plasma membrane. 6. Write a note on endoplasmic reticulum. 7. Draw a well labelled diagram of plant cell. 8. Sketch and label ‘animal cell’. 9. Enlist different cell organelles present in Eukaryotic cells. 10. Define a cell and explain the term totipotency. 11. ‘Plasma membrane is semipermeable’. Why ? 12. Describe the structure of cell organelle known as “power houses of the cell”. 13. ‘Lysosomes are very important cell organelle in humans’. Why ? 14. State the functions of Endoplasmic reticulum. 15. Explain Golgi complex. 16. Who postulated cell theory? 17. What are mesosomes? 18. What are plasmids? 19. Which cell organelles are commonly called suicide bags? 20. What are polyribosomes? 21. Define he following: i)
Totipotency
ii) Cell
iii) Autophagy iv) Centrioles
22. Who coined the word cell? 23. Who was the first to describe a live cell? 24. Explain why cell is considered as the basic unit of life.
OR
Cell is the basic of life, discuss in brief. 25. What was the contribution of Robert Hooke in cell biology? 26. Define cytology. 27. Explain about Schleiden and Schwann cell theory.
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Organization of Cell
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28. Give the modern version of cell theory. 29. Who coined the word protoplasm? 30. Write a note on protoplasm. 31. Explain how organisms arise from a single cell.
OR
Single cell can give rise to a whole organism - explain. 32. What are the exceptions to cell theory? 33. Justify - “The basic composition of protoplasm of different cells remain same in all organisms.” 34. Which organism do not have cellular organization 35. State the general characteristics of prokaryotic cell.
OR
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? 36. Give the various forms of bacteria. 37. What are pili and fimbriae? 38. What are Cyanobacteria? How are they useful to man? 39. Describe the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell. 40. What is cell envelope? Name the three layers that forms the cell envelope in prokaryotes. 41. What is glycocalyx? 42. Write a note on glycocalyx 43. What is mesosome in prokaryotic cell? Mention the functions that it performs 44. Explain the structure of bacteria with the help of a neat labelled diagram. 45. What does the letter ‘S’ in 70S ribosomes, stands for? 46. Give one use of: i) Ribosomes ii) DNA
iii) Plasmids:
47. Write a note on Gram staining. 48. Name the term for extranuclear ring of DNA molecules. 49. Justify the statement- “Plasmids are the pillars of genetic engineering.”
OR
“Plasmids are called mini-chromosomes” - Why? 50. What are eukaryotic cells? 51. Write a note on cell wall in Eukaryotic cells. 52. Give an account of eukaryotic plasma membrane. 53. Explain the structure of Plasma membrane on the basis of Fluid mosaic model. OR Explain the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane. 54. Who proposed the fluid-mosaic model? 55. Write a note on cytoplasm in Eukaryotic cell. 56. Write a note on oxysomes / F1 Particles 57. Name the stalked particles present on the inner surface of inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Organization of Cell
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58. Mitochondria are called “Power house of the cell” justify. 59. Name the three elements of endoplasmic reticulum. 60. Who discovered Golgi body? 61. What are the functions of Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex? 62. Describe the ultra-structure of Golgi complex. 63. Write a note on plastids.
OR
What are plastids? State its types 64. Name two cell - organelles that are double membrane bound. What are the characteristics of these two organelles? State their functions and draw labelled diagrams of both. 65. What are lysosomes? 66. Which organelle shows polymorphism? 67. Write a note on origin, morphology and chemical composition of lysosomes. 68. Explain the classification of lysosomes in detail. OR What are the types of lysosomes? Give their functions. 69. Lysosomes are called suicide bags of the cells” - justify the statement. 70. Define Autophagosome. 71. What are Sphaerosomes? 72. What are microbodies? Which are the two types of microbodies? 73. Explain the morphology and ultra-structure of ribosomes. 74. Write a note on centrioles. 75. Write a note on vacuoles. 76. Both lysosomes and vacuoles are endomembrane structures yet they differ in terms of their functions, comment. 77. What are cell inclusions? 78. Which are the long fibres of cytoskeleton? 79. What are microfilaments? State its function. 80. Write a short note on microtubules. 81. What are cilia and flagella? From where do they arise? 82. Describe the structure of cilia and flagella 83. Who discovered and named the nucleus in the cell? 84. Write a note on nucleus in Eukaryotic cell. 85. Classify cells on the basis of the number of nucleus. 86. What are nuclear pore? State their function. 87. What are the functions of nuclear envelope? 88. What is a chromatin material? What are its types? 89. Name two types of chromatin.
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INFOMATICA ACADEMY 90. What is nucleosomes? 91. Who coined the term chromosomes? 92. Write a note on chromosomes
93. “Chromosomes play an important role in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the species” justify. ❖ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. In 1665, Robert Hook first detected cells in (A) leaf
(B) cork
(C) intestine
(D) liver
2. The simple, basic and formal biological generalization is known as (A) Cell theory
(B) Cell division
(C) Cell doctrine
(D) Both (A)and (C)
3. Embryonic animal cells are totipotent and termed as (A) Genes
(B) Bacilli
(C) Amyloplast
(D) Stem cells
4. Prokaryotic cells are the characteristics of (A) animals
(B) plants
(C) fungi
(D) bacteria
5. The cyanobacteria or blue green algae are photosynthetic (A) prokaryotes
(B) viruses
(C) eukaryotes
(D) fungi.
(C) ribosomes
(D) mitochondria
6. The prokaryotic cell has absence of (A) cytoplasm
(B) DNA
7. Mesosome is produced by the infoldings of (A) mitochondria
(C) golgi complex
(B) chloroplast
(D) plasma membrane
8. The fluid-mosaic model of cell membrane postulates that (A) a lipid bilayer has some embedded proteins and some surface proteins. (B) a lipid bilayer is coated by a layer of proteins on each face. (C) a lipid bilayer has proteins embedded in itself and none on the surface. (D) a lipid bilayer is coated by a layer of proteins on the outer face only. 9. The cytoplasmic connections from cell to cell are known as (A) middle lamella
(C) cell membrane system
(B) plasmodesmata
(D) endoplasmic reticulum
10. Mitochondria present in the eukaryotic cell functions for (A) respiration
(B) photosynthesis
(C)digestion (D) transpiration
11. In eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes are located in (A) nucleus
(B) nucleolus
(C) golgi complex (D) lysosomes
12. The plant cells do not possess (A) ribosomes (B) mitochondria
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(C) endoplasmic reticulum (D) centrioles. Organization of Cell
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13. ______are green plastids containing green pigment chlorophyll. (A) chloroplasts
(B) leucoplast
(C) chromoplasts (D) xanthophyll
14. Which organelle is surrounded by two membranes? (A) Ribosomes
(B) Peroxisomes
(C) Vacuoles
(D) Mitochondria
15. _________ are called powerhouse of cell. (A) Endoplasmic reticulum.
(C)Mitochondria
(B) Vacuole
(D) DNA.
16. An organelle shows a highly folded inner wall. Ultrasonic disruption of the organelle yields fragments, which can synthesize ATP. The organelle is a (A) mitochondria (B) ribosomes
(C) chloroplast
(D) centrosome
17. Proteins that are to be used outside the cell are synthesized (A) in the mitochondria (B) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (C) on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (D)on free ribosomes 18. Due to presence of endoplasmic reticulum is termed as rough endoplasmic reticulum. (A) cisternae
(B) RNA
(C) ribosomes
(D) tubules.
19. _____ are known as protein factories. (A) Chloroplasts
(B) Lysosomes
(C) Ribosomes
(D) Glycoxysomes.
20. The number of ribosomes in a polyribosome depends upon the (A) diameter of m-RNA
(C) length of t-RNA
(B) length of m-RNA
(D) length of DNA
.
21. Which of the following pairs is mismatched? (A) Nucleus; chromosome
(C) SER; protein synthesis
(B) Nucleus; DNA replication
(D) Cytoskeleton; microtubules
22. Which one of the following organelles is located near the nucleus contains a collection of flattened membrane bound cisternae? (A) Nucleolus
(B) Centriole
(C) Golgi apparatus
(D) Cristae
23. Which of the following structure is the functional unit in a Golgi complex? (A) Cisternae
(B) Thylakoid
(C) Archoplasm
(D) Cristae
24. The pancreatic cells that secrete the digestive enzymes show predominance of (A) mitochondria (B) golgi bodies
(C) lysosomes
(D) peroxisomes
25. _______ are microbodies which contain enzymes for the synthesis of peroxide. (A) Sphaerosomes (B) Peroxisomes
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(C) Centrioles
(D)Ribosomes.
Organization of Cell
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26. The membranous bag of hydrolytic enzymes used for control of intracellular digestion of macromolecules is named as (A) lysosome
(B) phagosome
(C) nucleosome
(D) endoplasmic reticulum
27. Nucleic acid and proteins are present in (A) ribosomes
(B) starch
(C) insulin
(D) glycogen
28. Tonoplast is a differentially permeable membrane surrounding the (A) cytoplasm
(B) vacuole
(C) nucleus
(D) mitochondria
29. Nucleus was discovered by (A) Robert Hook
(B) Robert Brown (C) de Dove
(D) Schwann
30. Polynucleate cells of the plants are known as (A) Coenocytes
(B) Syncytial
(C) Karyotheca
(D) Polysomes.
31. Chromatin is made up of small repeating units called (A) peroxisomes
(B) mesosomes
(C) nucleosomes
(D) polysomes
â?– ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. (B)
2.(D)
3. (D)
4. (D)
5. (A)
6. (D)
7. (D)
8. (A)
9. (B)
10. (A)
11. (A)
12. (D)
13. (A)
14. (D)
15. (C)
16. (A)
17. (B)
18. (C)
19. (C)
20. (B)
21. (C)
22. (C)
23. (A)
24. (B)
25. (B)
26. (A)
27. (A)
28. (B)
29. (B)
30. (A)
31. (C)
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Organization of Cell