Дизайн 1972 / 1 by Industrial Design Bulgaria

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flporH03rcrtr l3cneaBo rpoe(Topr,trro Ho aBxxeBrero Ho o6eKTo, Koro onpeAen, onr{HeHix.

MonHoro BpeHe, pecypcrre x r.H., 11eo6xoArMrl 3O no.TrroHe Ho qenxTe B nocToBeH,lTe cpo(oBe, AoKoro coilnrr o6exr ce porBrBo 6€3 Hr4xoKBo BrlA€icrBne oT cTpoxo Ho nporHorxcro. B nporreononoxxocr ro roso por6upone o6exTrr e (u3xycrBeHo) 06porysoHe, ct3aosoHo B flpoqeco Ho TBoPqecTBoTo (qpe3 ct3aosoHe Ho ,lAeqnHo 6!Aeqe)2.

O6exrrr no npoeKroHrcxoro nporH03xpoHe c cnoxHo oTHoureHye oT Trno t{oBex-npeAHer, (o€ro nprr€xoBo Hop+onorl,l, r qeHHocrx.

I )oroasr rero4rru

xyaoxecrBeHHoro xoHcr rpoaoxr.rr M., (BH,4hT3), 1970, crp. 6 9. npobneMbr ,renoBeKo B cospeMeHHon Slrno codhx, M., (HoyKo), 1969, c.77 .

ura€nvr, Pe3ynTor oT

nPoeKTHoTo nPorHorx

poHe, l,lHol clorBeTHo HoPsonorrrrHo l,l qeHHocTrlo clarpxosue. Mopoororr,{ecKx noTPe6xrencK,ire cBoficrBo flo.or Ao ce l(noch+llLruPoT cnoPea cTeneHTo Ho onocpeacTsrBoHe 8o B3Or,f4OOTsoUeX(rTo HeXAy qoBe(o x nPeA€To (or rPyno nPeaHern, c Kor,rro rioBeK Bnu3o HenocPeacrBeHo Brs B3snxoorHoueHMr, ao rPyno flPearaelr! Korl-ro o1HocrTenEo coMocrof,TenHo

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po6or{lre 6yHKql1r, Ho

Ho qoseKo). orpoHHoro

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B ToJn

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,qeu,lllTe qeHHocTr4 ,! florPe6rrencKl' nPeanoqnToHr,,r, ueHHocTr.rTe fi xaeonxfe ce MeHrT HenPel(tcHoTo B nPoqeco Ho qoseurKoTo Aeu(He |loror ao HOCT. UeHHOCTTO x vAeono 6rAor HonoxeH, Ho 'roBeKo Koro roroB qeprex, koro n{oHor Koro (B}HL!Ho rlrpKo, u eronoH. HonpornB, Bcn,{K, nr<oHlr r,r eronoH}r rpr6so ao ce HePrr c rrrPKoTo r,ro crBrPLrieHcrBoro Ho HenpexrcHoro po3rpruloul cBohTe

Xy4oxn r,r xrr-n poexroHT, crorul Ho norrqnr,rre Ho nPoekToHTcKoTo flporH03xpoHe, rpr6Bo ao clrlroBo cnoxHocrro Ho o6exro, c roiTo po6orr. Hot4crrxo xegrr.roxHo e ao ce onp€aenrr flpeA-

BOpnrerHo Bcrr.rl(r,, crpoflr,r Ho o6eKro, 30utoTo ule non3BoT cr3aoao8l1Te or

xoPoTo! xorTo cor1rrTe

Trx

nPeaheTx, nocTorHHo (porrpru.loT,

caohTe tEoP'{ecK, Bt3lloxgoaiI.

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,13'

Bx.: OcHoBbr r€xHriqeckoi screruxn. Po. -rxpe8Hbre re3l.cbr. 14., 1970 (BH14l.1T3). 3. ly'n6eHKos, 06 r.qonox r rAeoflox. M.,

lIontrrr.l,4or, 1968, crp.

nonryBoT cPeAcTBoTor TpoarqxoHHo po3po6oTBoHI B rrPOrHOCTr,rl(OrO? oqe npeax aecea ro' a14H{ r€!,, cPeacrBo co ce Po3rn€xaon,1 KoTo TfcHo (oqeHrqHr)! HecBrP3oHx npiKo c nporHo3npoHeTo. Kr Trx ce oTHocrT nPeal, Bcnq(o cpeacTsoTo 3o (r,rlcneaBoHe Hq onePoqx,!),

o6xBouloul, orpoMeH Arono3oH or

r.1or€Mo-

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ro onTrHonBo nnoHfipoHe, ]r T.H.5 TyK ce oT-

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oT HHOrO OTAOBHO CO nPerCKOlBOnk 6lAeUJelO (ToKo HopeqeHoro (aen+uricKo rexHxKo))

BcnqKr nPorH03xPolr.lx cxcTeMlr,

crqecTBy-

sout,l B npo(Tr,fl(o1oz, oxono 80yo co cBrp3oH,

excnePTHo aonrTaoHe.

ly' roKo, cpeAcrBoro Ho clBpeH€HHoro oporHo' rxpoHe co aocro nrcrpH. nporHolr,lcrHTe ce ciPeHrr ao ocnrrnxPof li ln3nonlyBor BcxqKx cpeacrso, s roao qrcno u cneqr,r{r,r.+rrre noxsoT14 Ho xyaoxecTseHoTo nPo€Krr,lPoHe. Toso nolsonrso ao 6tAor porrneAonu ll HrKo,l vyxAecTPoHHx nPOrHOCTr,r9H14 Cr,!CTeMX,

ro l-lerepr,

.nyqon Ho poHe, T.e.

nPoeKToHrcKr4i HeToa

PrHep, f

0311

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l(oro peonlr3or1l1, Ho o6eaxHrBoH€ro

BO eCTeCTSeHtlt

Earx

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rnoar.rfiTe

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npo6neil Ho npoeKToHTo{Mt

I Bx., Honp.r A, Ko$xor, MeroAEr r.! r.toaenH xccneaoBoHx, onepoqni. M., <Mup>, 1966. , f. fya, P. l4o€n. CrcreHorexHxxo. 11., (CoBercxoe PoArlo), 1962; .T]. T. Coottr. Moremo'ruqecxr!e MeToabr HccreaoBoHrl, onePoqri. M., BoeH

3Aor,

1963.

i 3. ,Hq. nporHoruposoHre HoyvHo-TexHr'.recKoro nporpecco. M., (nporPec>,'1970, 3 Bx. Morepuonxre, ny6nhKyBoHr,r H KHnroror A. fsxurrloHn, B. flHcl,l9Krr.]. CrrcreHbr nporHost4PoBoH11, B nnoHxpoBoHXn k ynPosneH,ll NoyqgbrM14 rrccneAoBoHnfi Hu r,r polpo6orKfi . fl,, (noreHD,

1959.

Heroa Ho nPorH03llPoHe, '{xeTo PeL!eHxe Lue norsonu ao ce rr6utrpr nPeacTosolo 30 6!4e!1rre norpe6rrencKl,l cBo;cTBo Ho nPohkune HUte l,l3Aenrt, e cb3aoBoHeTo Ho e!nKoBo cr.rcTero, Korto ao oTPo3rBo He coHo xopoKTePo Ho noTPe6rBoHeTo Ho nPeaMernTe, 8o r,r xopoKr€po Ho rfixHoro cb3aoBoHe B nPor!BoA-

Te3r ABO nPoqeco ce o6€afiHrsoT s cxcTeMoTo Ho eruKoBoTo HucneHe Ho xyaoxHxKonPoexToHT, Hx!.lo apyro, ocseH cer.rr,1orr1xo Ho nPea eTHH, cBrT. cTBoTo.

TpoAxqxoHr.]l4Te rpo(bxqHn cpeAcrBo io r,13o" 6porrBoHe Bo npoeKToHTcl<xre l,laerl co 9epTexH, cxeMtl, Po3nu'.tHrl nnocKl,! nPoeKqllx t!

o6eHHI uso6poxeHxr. Honocnearx ce norBrxo

30 X306PO3rBOHe HO CnO)l(Hr,' OyHXrlrloNonHla qoBeurKr.t npoqecn (rpoouKx Ho rexHoforn, Ho 6HTo, co oTorPoMU Ho onePoToPcxHTe asrxeHkf, t, T,H,) BOqUHX

Cnopea Hoa ce {orr,rKoro Ho npoeKTolrrcKoro npotHo3HPoHe e loxoBo crcTeHo oTrHoq, x nPoBr1'',ro 3(r oflePfiPoHe c Trx, xorTo norEonnso ao

ce xoaenxPoT nPorBolHTe B KoHxPeTHo,3PrMo +opMo. floao6Ho Ho conoro ae;Hocr no nporHo!rpoHeTo, To3n rHoxoBo cl4creHo rtlo HrKorKo poBHrulo c oco6eHx nPoBxno lo aBlxeHrleTo HO BCrKO PoAHnute I ctc cBoH nPoBrno 3s nPexoA oT eaHo PoBHlrqe B apyro. ToBo aBrxeHHe rMo

flpoeKroHTcxll, e3sx 3or(oHoo6Po3eH xoPoKTeP B ClOTBe.rCTBre C KPXTeP[rre 3(l (nPOB&nHr) h

(HeaPoBunHl,l) aB14xeHut. EAHo

ceHrorr.rHrlTe cpeAcrso Ho npoeKroHr-

cxoro nPorHo3tlPoHe e crcTexolo oT nPoErno, Kolro cBrPsBoT eaHo c aPyro PGnx'{HnTe xoPtbonorl,l,{Hl,{ I' qeHHocTHl,t ene eHTt,l Ho no:rpe6xr€rrcKrre cBorcrBo Ho x3Aenrrlo, O6po3yso ce Heulo KoTo cl,tHToKclrc 8(t nPea eTHrt err(, qreio l.oP(bonorxi co noTeHqronHuTe l,l c!qecTByBoulnre ealrHxqn Ho npeaMeTHrt cBtr, lL.lo ce orHocr ao npoBrnHocrro Ho npoeKroHrcKrre nporHo3r,!, Heo6xoaxio e ao ce xMol nPeaaxa srrPeuHxTe xPl,lTePul/t rto TexHrTe oqeHxr.

BrrpeuJeH xprrepufi r,oxe ao cnyxx Ho' Ho TaoPqec(rr nPoqec Ho nPoeKToHTcKoTo

aenlr

nPeAHeTHO CPeAO9, EaOnOBTT TyK e 30KoHoHePHOCTTO HO TBOP'aeCk[r nPOqeC rio npOeKTnPoHeTO. hMeHHO HeTOBoTO HOyqHO O6OCHOBO-

' Bx. 3. fpxrophes. Cneql+rxo eroAHqe.(!x cPeacrB xyAoxecrBeHHoro roHcrpyxPoBdHf <Texr.

.rvecror 3crerxl(oD 1969,

N910.

ooPMA, ]43BEAEHA OT (DOPMynA? YAK TIOHTEP NOAiAEP npe.oa or .n. (FORM<

52 1970

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TexHfiqecKs opfieHTxpoHoro 06qecrBo ce crpeM}1 kLH (Dopllonr3HpoHe Ho Bcr'rKr4 AeiHocTr, BKfllo

qurenHo r rio rBopvecxure. Enerrpoano-nr

qrcnuTenHoTo TexHIKor KorTo e oaoHropaHq B ToBo PO3Br4TUe, BoArl Xrr.l oTePrOnh3XPOHe, 3(lU.loTo

nPorPOMo HO eTeKTPoHHO-r.r3t{,!Cnt-

lenHoTo tlouJ{Ho Hoxe ao ce nPes-6PHe coHo

e l,,!PO3eHO B POr.llloHonHO nPeqkcrlnxr, Ero roqo cnea Broporo cae-

TOBO, XoeTo 3l,rpoH14

TosHo BorHo, HopeA c KoHcrpyxpoHero Ho rlou]Hr,r enekTPOHHO-1,13'{fiCrlHTerHI MOllJtlHlt, Ce norBl'l N arnpoclT KoK c noHou.lro Ho +oPnynx ,r qncno

HoroT

Tq3n.rortr, npeAcroBrr.o npotropearqorq

Ho-

rep,o," (."x (npoi,ureHo ecre Ror, 1970/4. (rp. 1-4, s-r6), orp@rEa.q, H,ko, HoBn reaaeHqrx r npoqe.rre Ho npoe(trpoflero Horo noaerxpoHe , npsrox.-

Hxero Ho er€krpoHHo-r3qr.nq-

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HO He npeacToBnrao Srlr(or(Bo ecTeTt!gecKo qeHHOCT rnh nPeAI.ieT, lOnOteH Ot BeKOEe XOTO 8ecpoBHr,fllo npohsaeAeHle Ho,i3KycrBoro. C Apyrrl Ay11H! +yHl(q,io{on{oTq flprroAHo.r Ho npeAMero He e roPoEqlli 3cl KogecTBoTo! ToBq e coMo poBHllqeTo, noa xoeTo xyaoxecTBeHoTo npoeKrupoHe

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Porr, ToroBo crllloTo ce oTHoc, I ao Trno I

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p-brle, o6eAuHrBoHr,t B npcAbnxeHxe Ho

croneT[r, Koro npfiHep ro roBo Ho-or Ao cnyxor oPo4aoro nq '{ouroro. npn rern o6cronrencrBo

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co nperpoAo. nepn0po!fipoirKn eAHo fiHoro AtnOoKo H3KolaoHe Ho flnKoco, tyoxe Ao ce xoxe,

qe ITKycTBoTO Hrtlo rtl Horlo,

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9. '10.

Siiderholm. Landskapsljus.

1969, Ne

W. K.

Language o{ Architecture

Lumsden.

1969,- Ne 3

11. H.

fyces.

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Halifax DesiSnint for

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Hr,rcrporrBHbrx3aoHyi, 0630p. cocT. H. hBoHoBo. 14., 1971 (BHt4,,1T3). D, Phi ips, Lithting in Architectural Design.

5. S. Hesselgren. The

O6UleC.'Bo

Tobesing. TaSeslicht und Kunstlicht in (Bauen + Wohnen)), Bi.irogrosriumen. 1969, Ne 1

1970

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1970, Ne 8

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o6poryBoHx, ra Heloelo or xlrrllulo o(on8o cpeao B no-rorltho'ro.locT Ho 3er4HoTo K-bn6o He np{TexoBo 0yHkqroHonHo onPoBAoHr,! Koqec1Bo, koeTo cBr4aeTencTByBo 30 HeyPoBHo_ BeceHocTTo Ho'{oBeuKoro exonolur.

Ho npua norneg aoltpcrBokero Ho

oxonHoro

cpeao He nPxao6u ro)]ifro 3HoqeHre B crPoHrTe Ho rri Hopeqerlv, Tperx csir. Heo6xoAxnocrro

ao ce npou3Bexaor aocToTtqHo

kon[qecTBo xpoHn1enHl, nPoayrfir4 H3hecTBo HeorrloxHocTTo HO nOATOTOSkOTO K',bt1 npeOAOntBOHe et(Onorrl'.1Hnre flocrearqr or yp6oH[3oqfirro r,! xHAycr-

pxonh3qqxrro, MoKoP qe te3ll crPori,

Ho-

croruln, r4oreHl

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npo6nehnre

rio

3or,tPcraoHeTo

orrlocOe-

poTo, xnapoc+ePoro ,l reocoePoro ute 3ocToHor npea Hoc eaBo B aone'rHoro 6!aeqe. BrlaericTBrero Ho xHAycTPxo/rlror.lr,riro B crPoHrre or Tperx, cBrr ule croHe oute flo'KoaocrpooonHo, orKonkoTo B TexHr9ecl({ Po3BxTrre crPoHx, Tbi KOTO Te Pi3KO |I3OCTOBOT S nOATOTOBKOTO HO OPrAHr30rlkr h CneqIOnhCTrt nOCBeTUnI Ce Ho HoyKoro 3(l oKonHoro nprpoAHo cPeao (roxcnKonoTnr, 6,!oHeTeoPonorrr, flPoHUuneHo xtr-

r eHo, 6noMexoHr,rKo l,! T.H.).

Ho KoHrpeco Ho \ARCAA, npoBeAeH s noflaoH nper cenrexBpr.r 1969 roeueo, reoPeirlKrr no oproHr3oqx, 11 Heroar,fl(o or6eKxoH BHece nPeanoxeHlle to rexHrqeckoTo Po3BuTre Ho clPoHl,{Te or Tperur cBrr: Toi roBoPr,l 3(r crcrexoTo Qualtum jump (Heonorrlrril, o6pGyBoH or crqeToHreTo Ho ayr.lure (quanity) (xonHvecrBo) n (quality) (xovecrao), (oro ce no3oBo HO TOBO, qe e Heo6XOAliMO AO Ce HonpOBk nPiX nPexoa oT nPeauHAycrpnonHoro o6qecTao (tM cTo.qe, Ho nocT,rxAyclP14onHoTo 06ulecTBo c qen ao ce t,ll6erHoT olPhqoTenHrTe tarefl{f,

HO np€xoaHm elon. Hect,iHeHo, oT Tr€aHo Toqko Ha o6utuTe cx60u]or.ll.tt, noAo6Ho xlnoTeso ,lrn€xao nprBnekorenHo. HnKoi 060.re He

ioxe ao cx nPeacToBu no

Koro'B Ho'rrH ule

nonyq,1 KoHKPeTHo PeL!eHre Toso npeanoxcHhe. AKo ce orxoxeM oT TtnKysoHeTo Ho noHr'

rnero (Qualitum Jump) 7A

Ksro npr3xs

ca-bPxoHocT B TexHUqecKoTo polsliTge, cnoco6Ho cor1o ao yBeKoBe'{,! Hex4yHOpoaBoTo posae-

reHxe Ho rpyao (Iperr,|r,r carr

npol:aoaaren

Ho cyPoBrHr4! fteTpononxxle - npori3BoalTenI

uo norpe6r,rrencxra croxu), ute- oxe ao aoaer

cneaHoTo onpeaeneHlle: floBoTo TexHIKo Ho cneA[HAycrpyonHoro o6qecrBo Koro npH ep

- eKonoruqHo jo TpeTnr csrT-Tpr6Bo Ao ,rho ocHoBo; c apyrh a/nr, r, Tpr6Bo ao npepcroa-

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9per exctpononoqur oaroprre

fiPeHOCTT AHeUJHOTO ,l(CT1KO nOnOXeHl1e, OT xoerro ro HtMo Ao croHe no-llo/lxo xonxo. He

rpr6Bo Ao ce 3o6paBr, qe (Trend is not destiny) (xeroHoro He rpr6so Ao c€ npxeMo

aeicTBl,!Te,]Hocf).

tloBexlT npurexoBo He coMo oBTorlsrlrqHo,

o np,,rcnoco6rBoce npkcnoco6rEo Ktr1 oxonHord cpeAo

l,ls6rpoTenHo cnoco6HocT

Hero. To, He coro nocrBHo, r(oro recro BtB CopHo; Toi

nporBrBo oKTr,rBriocr, xoro npeo6poryao cpeaoTo, crlaoBo, no cBoexy, noHr,(oro aoxe ,

no tlxeHre Ho MopKy3e, (tioBeK He xoxe 6e3npexocnoBHo ao ce clTnocl4 c]c cBero Ho 3oo6[Konru.lire ro npeAre-rla la Ao l,y ce noaqrHx 6e3 onnT ao ro npexpon no csoi po3p/uroBo.

BKyc. Toi Tpr6Bo Ao npeo6po3r.t reru npeA e a cPeacYBo 3d co6(TgeHlli c, xltBoT,30 xl4Bol,

KoiTo nporr,.to cpeA rrx I c TrxHo noroq). npes qrnoio ltcropr,, Ho qoBeqecrBoro npx-

poAHoro cpeAo ce e Hocrulorlo c MHoro6poiH, po3Hoo6pGHu npeAr4err, Korro noqrr ioMecTrxo npnpoaoTo. tloBe( noc1orHHo cr3aoBo nPoiexAyrrqHo cpeAo Mexay ce6e cx x npxPOAOTO, KOTo rr3norsyBo cpeacTBoTo Ho TexHl,l-

(oTo, BrB

BceKfiAHeBHl,l,

xr,tsoT npspoAoTo

ce oTAoIe'loBo, clsaoBoHeTo Ho ToKoso npoHexAyrlgHo cpeAo ce Ho6nrcAoBo BCe noBeqe

no qrfioro ieHHo Krn6o, s roBo qxcno u B crpoHrlle Ho Tperfit cBtr, Kol4To ce onhrBor ao c!3AoBor co6crBeHo xynyypo, c qen Ao flpeoAo-

rerT

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14 KynTypHo toBr4-

AKo npoctreal,lH onhro Ho Po3Bl,rrxre B r€xH14qecKo oIHoureH,|e clPoHr,,, Moxell ao ycroHoBvH, \re noao6Ho 6$(onrPonHo HoxnyBoHe Ho nPo trLlneHoTo nPor3BoacTBo aosexAo ao onocHo

HOpyuloBoHe Ho (llKoHotlrqecKoTo PoBHoBecue). npl,1 ToBo B TOr(XBO tlOll.to6r!, qe seqe 3onoqHo ao c€ roBoPr,l lo kpl,r3o Ho cpeaoTo 14 aoxe 3o

KorocrPo+o.

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ce-

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i ,rocr ri

vH+oProqroHHoro

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HoqnH

sefiHo BlsaeicTBueTo xo rloxroprre ro

oxon_

slpxy

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HOTO CPeAo

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e, ve no-Ao6pe Hx e

13_

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LroBexo.

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KrM npoBl,lnoro, p036npoHero Ho Koero ocr,tryprBo qeneclo6porHocrro Ho AeiHocrro:

xyaoxHrqn-npoeKToHTtrr 14 ao n3cneaBoMe H€11' l.lOTO Sn11rHke BtPXy l,lKoHollrXOIO KoTO l]rno.

<Tti Koro goBeKrr ce OopMr,lpo B cr,orB€rcrBfie c ycnoBlrrro, Telv ycnoB,lr TPr6Bo ao 6!aoT

Ho6rroAoBoHe ctcrotBneto Ho oKorlHoro cpeao u cr3aoBoHe Ho cPeaoro

Toso nposxno ce orHoc, KIM o6ulecreeroro

BcrgKr,r sMAose aeiHoc no npeo6poiyBoHero & c!3aoao'leTo Ho 3(106rKonru.loTo goBeKo cPeao TPr6Bo Ao ce oclrqecTBrBor noA KoHTPono Ho aBe ocHoaHl,l TexHr!9ecxt! a14cqnfinriHl,l: oxPoHo HO OKOIIHOTO CPeAO rl CBAOBOHe gO OKOIIHOIO

Koxro e uaaecrxo, oKonHoro qoBeurko cpeao ce CtcTor.l OT P€Ar,ll.lO CICTOBiUll,l q eneHeHT,l: or saoHr,ri { c}oP}xeHxr, nPeaHeTu l,1 xnBx cbutecrBo, B Hea nporfisor poinrrqHh npcqec,l, ar3stPruBoT ce Horo B3or,l,ro:loBr,rcr n aeicTBst, B crcroBo Ho oKonHoro cpeao koro rlrno unll xoTo '{ocT oT He, Bnn3oT, HonPtl,leP, KnrlMoTt'f,

neri3oxlr,

TpoHcnopTHl4Te cpeAcTBo, orPoB-

H'!Te rosoae, yn,r'rHoTo MPexo, cPeacTBOTO

BPr3KO, nrUleqHTe HOL!r,1Hl,r, rlyKoBele, on{BnTe x Bporhie; or eaHo crpoHo,re o6Po3yBor 6vonorrqHl, nprpoAHri o6po3ysoHr.rr! o or APy-

,i!KycTBeHo cpeao

nroaoBe Ho

nrlolltrTo, KorTo BnI3o -B clcToBo

quBu-

Ho o6uloTo

nPxPoar{o cPeao.

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3oHr, .1oBo uMeHHo

c $!3xgec(oro crpoHo Ho oxonHoro cpeao n soToBo T' e x€xAy HoyqHrTe a{cqxnrxHx, oTHOCTqA Ce KLM e(OnOrUrTO r OXOnHOTC !iOB3oxHoAeicrsne exAy goBet(o x cpeadro l43BecrHo Hn

e, qe npxpoaHoro cpeao,

oTxBrPrrHe eKcnnooToqurro Ho goBeK oT qo'

sexo. Toeo nonoxeHfie [oxe Ao 6]Ae po3nPocTPo_ HeHo x BbPxy cBero Ho nPeaMerure. llo roxr,g HO'{nH AO C}340BO e 3006rrKonrqo qoBeKo cPeao chc cPeAcrBoro Ho oPxxrexryPoTo, xrnoflrysoiKh nPoa/Kqxrro Ho nPoHt LirneHoTo nPoHlBoacTBo? Hre HrMoMe roqeH orroBop Ho ro3n Brnpoc B peal,lqo cnyqox roBo Hoxe ao 6]ae oKonrlo cPeao! PeureHo MoLrlo6, Ho nPorxBoPeqoqo no cBorTo oProHn3oilr,!, Hq 06q€cTae_ HrTe H qocrHxre noTPe6Hocrr!, Eafi8 oT TeOPe_ Talqr4Te Ho nPot1rr.ureHoTo ecrearKo +oPMy-

nrPo ToBo nonoxeHle ToKo: (cot1o

o6ulec-r-

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e cnoco6eH ao l4lMeHI cBo, Ho'ltrH Ho xriBoT nPr! ycnosne, qe 3oo6rxonru.loro ro cPeao noMorHe Ho ycunhrTo y). To3[ rllrc]n e 6nnrKo Ao rAefiie, or (oliro co ce PrKoBoAxnx PycKr,,Te oPxlrTekT,r oT Ho9onoTo

20-re rog,lHu Kouro clrrroxo, ee pcnrlo HO

ecTecTBeHofo okonHo cpeao, cBtp3ot{,l c KnfifioTX'rHXTe, aeotDr3rqecKfilel,t e(onclrlqiihTe xo' poKTepncrnKt', nonyql,t !ro3BoHrieTo (HoaloP Hoa

npoMt!uneHoro ecrerrKo ce

u n3o6ulo Ho Bcl4qK, e v3secrHo, l(o(Bo ce t43,CXBO 3O CI3AOAOHeTO HO VOBeUKTI ycnoBrr: yhlru.loxoBoEe rocno.qcTsoTo Ho '{oBeK Hoa qoBeKo, cPeao

OPXTTTeKTO

TOBO, AO CnO Oro

Ho Ho 3Cl

octulecTsiaoHero Ho coqnonHl,re crPe14exr!, ToBo npeanoroxeHre e cepu03€H $oxrop ro o6scxreoHero Ho 83ouMoaeiclBr,rtto rrexay qo' BeKo ,r loo6HKonru.loro ro rexHrgecxo 1,1 ri3xycr_ BeHo cpeAo. O6ocHoBoHocrro Ho roBo reopera.rtiHo nonoxeHue 30Bhcr4 B 3S(lqxTerHo cTeneH ol oTro" BoPo Ho BlnPoco: cnoioro n oKonHoTo cPeao 3(l noBeAeHu€To l,t nocTrn(rTe Ho '{oBeKo unn 06PcT-

Ho, nPorriBoPegn nh l4M r r{oxe nk cePror|o po xH nosnure Ao ce npoMeHil? C Apyrx Ayr,rla, s.bnpecbT ce clcTorl B ToBo, ,qo ce onPe,oerh ao KoKBO creneH H3KycrBeHo crraoaeHoro cPeao snuie

Blpxy goBeko. flo ce orroeopr,r Ho BbnPoc

nocToBeHht

Heab3Hoxtio, np14 nonoxeHue, rre ce -19

pbKoBoar or aorMx. Toi Hoxe as 6rae peueH coHo qPe3 xsnon3yBoHe flo po3xoo6po3Hr,t x n

Peqr3H}l cPeacTBo.

KoKTo opxnreKTxre, Tor(o

l.l

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nPoeKioHru B ToBO OTSOtlleBre Ce OKO3OXO HO He3APOBO noqBO. Te BNHOrt, flporBrBOT nOrpeUJeH cTPeHex Kbll HoAqeflrBoHe InI HeaooqeHaBoHe BnrrHfieao Ho cBotrTe npor3BeaeHn, Btpxy 06utecTBoTo. HohBHrTe npeanoxeHn, fio opxx, TekTITe B O6nOCTTO Ho OprOHX3OUniTo Ho 06ulecTBeHoTo ae;HocT npea,!3srKoxo KpHrnKo oT cTPOHO HO CneqfiOntCTxie no o6ulecTBeHl,lTe HOyKl,i; HO ToKoBO (pnTnxo, sOnprdep, 6eu.re noanoxeHo flp€afloxeHxeTo !o ctlaoBoHe Ho t1nKPoPoioHl,Te, 6eu.re noanoxeHo no KpxTr,!Ko ,t o6uecTBeHoTo cl4cTeHo, nonox€Ho B octioBoTo HO Ct3AOAeHrr npe3 30-re roar,rHI npoeKT 3(l (rltqe3opHr,!, rpoA)) Ho I'lbo Kop6rorre.

ctoplxeHlae o6porHo, Ho nrpso nrclo ce xcxc onpeAeneHo oTroBopHocT 3(l HeroBoro

Coxoro raxycrao e onpoBAoHre 3o HeroBoro crqecTByBoHe. llporlrr]JneHoTo ecTeTuKo Tpr6Bo Ao cr3AoBo 06utecrseHo none3Hx npeAyerx. To3x Mxcu Ho f'looc e HocoqeHo cpeuty corloTo ctulHocT Ho TPoArq&,1Te Ho (ttxcroTo x3KycTao) a oPxl4TeKrypHxT€ 3or.1ricnx, s KoxTo He ce 06ptu.lo aocroTtr]Ho BH14xoHre Ho 06utecTBeHoTo oTroBOPHoCT

}l 3hOqh|1OCT HO XyAO)(Hl4r(C-npoeKTOHr,

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nPox3BeaeHy, Ho (' rcToTo r3xycTBo) ce nPoraiBo a qennr cn 6nrGK eroq€HTpr,rqHoro cru.l-

Axo porrne4olre relx npeanoxeHr, 6e3

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l,r3Po3rT ooPeAerreH,r o6qecTBeHx

ao ce onrTBo ao orPo3rBo cBorTo llHArBnayon-

npeAyce oTHoureHlat

6exaexre, re npeacroBnrBor crpeMex ao

qPes cloTBeTBr PeureHffi Ho oKonHofo cpeao. Koro rarnonrysore repMrHonor[rro to rHxeHePHnTe CrlC.leMl,l, Ule ce onxTo]1e ao 3oMeHnll noHrTleTo 3cl onPeaeneHo o6eKTIBHo 3oKoHoHepHocr B o6rocTTo Ho raopvecxoro 4eixocr c noHrTreTo 30 BeporTr{ocT. cnope4 rex, QoxTrt, t{e npfiTexoBotle hHoro xonrK o6eM xH-

Qoproqnr ro snrrHrero Ho poioHHoro nnoHxPOBxo, rPOAOCTpouTencTsoror opxrTexTyporo It

xyaoxecTBeHoTo npoexTxpoHe Btpxy oTAerHx n&qo l,l Bapxy o6ulecTseHHocTTo KoTo qrno, ce o6rcHnBo oT TPx nPl4qrHr: HeaocTorrqHo Ho/qHo floaroToBKo Ho xy-

-aoxHxr.lrre-nPoe(ToHTt4

;

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H€AOCrOTrqeH

-HOyKX, AOCtl4 cTeneH Ho

po3B

tatte:

cnoxHoctio Ho cr4cTeHoTo ro B3orHoaeicTBx-

ero, (qoBeK-cPeao).

Poenlrxoro rlexAy ,3(ycrBoro { npot.rruneHue

crrrnoxre Ao po3nxKoror Korro crutecr6/ia 14rKycTaoro 14 npo nurneHoTo ecTeTrKo,

exay

lLle ce no3oso Ho r4rKorsoHero Ho A. nooc, xoero noaqePToBo OCHOBHxie po3nrqx, Mexay npox3_ BeaelrreTo Ho xsxycrsoro n npox3seaeHreTo Ho nPoHrurneHoTo ecreTrxo: (AKo npox3seaeHrero HO TISKyCTBOTO He Ce XOpeCO HO Ht XOTO, TOBO

HrMO HxKoKAO 3HOqeHre; 30

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6rrenr. Xy4oxxr,rxrr-flpoeKroHr Hrxo

npoBo

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HelrTe, nPeaHolHoveHI 3o 06ulecTBoTo ,1

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uo6noHsoro npeAcroBo io ponrTo Ho rBopqecxoTo AeiHocTln Bo BAlxr{oBeHreio. flo o6u]o

e cnequorqHo 06rocr Ho rfoXrOrnrro, o crqeBpereHsc, x iexHrqec(o aeiHocT He ce npx!r.ioso

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TBoPqecl<un xoPosreP.

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tlpo6nerr.rre, Korrro

npo

crorr

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u peuJoBoHelo Ho or<onHoro cpeAo BlB Bcriqxnr€ fi po3Hoo6po3Nx ocneKTr!, tlHoto 9ecTo co He4ocTolt'.tHo onpc HO

r,ruJneHoTo ecTe.rl,lKo

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Tr,qHo

KoHCTPyKTTTBHO

PO3po6oTeHx. Bt3 ocHoBo Ho

roso o6oqe He rpr6Bo Ao ce npos, HrsoA, 'qe xyaoxHl,lqrTe-nPoeKToHTI co anlxHn ao ce noa9r,1r{rBor Ho cBoeTo 8106poxeH,!e, ao cneaBoT cBol4Te nPryHnqn B cTpeHexo (rM ycneurHo po3Pe[uoBoHe Ho nocToBeHnTe npea yrx npo6neMr.

Tovno o6poruoro, nnoaoreopHoro

ir coroxpx.

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P. C€rpe, Koiro cnoaen, Ao6pe r3BecrHsro

rneaHo TovKo, qe ,tcTh8cl<oTo HoBoTopcKo npor!3BeaeHl,le Ho xyaoxecTBeHoro npo€KTrpoHe Moxe Ao 66Ae cr3AoAeHo coMo Ho 6oioro Ho AeicrBnTerHo Ho60 06qecrBeHo ocHoso.

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ce HoMxPoT qoBeuJKrtre KoqecTBo, BArxHoBeHreio 14 yBneqeHueTor oKo ce cfirTo, ']e Bcxqko poqxoHonHo e nrureHo or ,{oBe,rHocr? To3{ Te3O ce noaarpxo or pearqo (crosaopTHu oTBoAtl). TBlpArT, 're npoH{u,neHoTo ecTeTuKo c

<|yHKuyoHonHo npeAHoaHogeHtre r,rnr,l To]y, Ho Korro nprnflcBor oyHKqnoHoneH xopoxrep, e cKyqHo, cryAeHo, cyxo,6ernnoaHo }, orPoHrqeHo, BBnpner4o ce rpyAHo 14 BcqBo cryr, o6prvo no xsrHoHue noTpe6Hoc.rlo oT eMoquoHonHocT. Toeo e nponao Ho HepoMorrr,!vtro r(prrlKot Korro ce 6o3rpo Ho sbHruHure npx3Hoqx Ho crrrho, Ho HeroBoTo ooPHo l,l ct3So1enHo xnI Hect3t{oTeIHo oiPl,lqa +yHK,.lxoHonr3r,lo Koio T€opeTr'{ecKo ocHoBo Ho nPoilruJneHoTo ecTeTuKo.

nporrs roKoBo KprlrrKo Ho $yrxquononurro HO)Ke AO Ce Or6ene)Kl,, Lre

nXqeHePHO nPU3HOBO

nPe'reHql{re Ho o+xqronHn, rfyxxLuolonuluu l' opxrTeKTypHx npor3seaeHkx, nPeaBraeHx 3Cl yAoBneTBoprBoHe Ho eAHo eArHcTBeHo npe4r.rorxoverne. BnevorneHUeTO OT )KrnrU.ll.tO CrpOAO, HOnOMHTUIO MpO-

30 cr3aoBoH€ Ho npeaHeTn

tloPHO

KOHTOUJHO, Ce C!3AOBO

XOpOl(TepO

x Toso noAqepToHx, Qyxxrlloxo-

oxonHoro cPeao B GBPeHeHH,,, rPoa 3oBr,rcfi He

tonKoBo

nh3!f1, l<onKoro

HeroBoro orclcTB[e. OcBeH

or6enex{, ve MexAy ceBepootlephKoHcKr,rr Syxxurouonr*m I QyHKqrroHonr3!r.1!T, HO KOiTO Ce onl,lpo Teopxrto Ho npoToBo, creABo Ao ce

Hl, lJl'teHoTo

ecTeTxKo, Honpt' ep, To3ri, npeaf. Me;ep, Hrfio }ir4qo o6qor ocBeH

ChqecrsyBor ABo sxAo OyHkqroHonl13!r. CnopeA nrPBr4, npoaoEePeH BoPnoHr r(pocoToTo e nPu-

ctu{o Hc oHoBo,

KoeTo

e none3Ho x npoKTrqHo.

Ecrerlxoro e creacrBre or r3nor3yBoHero lo

nPxHqxno lo e(peKTxBHocT, [lPeaxeTrT, xoriTo /cneurHo oTroBoP, Ho cBoeTo npeaHo3Horrexfie, e Hex36exHo. KPocoToro ce u3anrqo oT no,re3Hocrro ctulo KoKTo Bl,tHoro or rpo3Aero. ToKo HOKPoTKo Hoxe Ao Ce oOPYyn'1PO nOnoXeH(eTo,

{nr norPeuHocllo, Ho Koelo! OT r(O' rneAHO TO9KO,8e MOrOT Ao 6tAoT npoBepeHx. Crpyao rn ce,9e TeopeTrttecKl4 HrMo Hr4KoKtB cr4l4ctn ao ce nocTporBo nPoBAonoao6ueTo He3OSfiCTMO

cKono or nopoMerpx hnx +oKTopfi 3o crBKynHocrTO Oi npeaMeTxr cpea KoxTo B€ayuto rrscTo 6tl 3oeno hyHKqnoHonHoTo KovecTBo { nore3HocTTo, KOITTO 14r4OT AOrlrHnPOLIIO 3HOqeHl1e B CPOBHeHne Bch9r(11 ocTcHon{ noKoloTer'rn.

oraoc* ao BTopn, BoprloHr Ho 6yHxquoAO Ce OT6en€)l(X, qe CnOPeA Hero orpBr.rrr n oflpeAenru.l +qKrop 30 +op oro lJ.lo ce

HO,ll,l3l.1O, MO,l(e

Ho nPeaieTor cr3aoaeH of nPoir,rurneHoTo ecTerrko, e HeroBoTo +yHkqroHonHo npeaHorHoqeHMe, Or rcropflgecKo TneAHo roqko ToKoBo rbnxyBoHe Ho (hyHKr.lr,roHonx3Fro e HocoqeHo

cPeqy OopHonl13Ho x rpoAxqro onu3Ho, nprcrrq,, HO OPxrTekrypoTo Ho xlx 8ex. Koro noaq€pro-

sor ponrTo Ho

nPeaHosHoqeHrero, BHo.rr B opxxTeKTyPoTo noaqepToHo ar8o11r,r9Ho Hoqono,

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r,! peon-

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crporr xrnhu.lo 30 po6orHxqrre, ce o6rpxoxo KtH Hero; yoi npoeKTnpo Kturn, n14uleHfi or scrKol(Bo yKpoco, Ho HonrnHo oTroBoprulx

fii(cKBoHrrTo Ho HoeHoteflrre, Po6orHrqxre ce 31

B Tel{ xtUll,l, Ho cxoPO CTOHo x3qe Te co HHoro HeaoBonHn oT ]l(nnauloTo Ktulrre He 6rxo 4ocrglltvro xpocr.rar.r. Orop_ HOCTOHTxo BecTHO,

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aHoi-ctBaPtUe_ s14xpon aoc€ro,

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xoax

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aoron

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Ho r-bi

r(oro

c Korfo Po6orur, ie co

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CMrcrnrr Ho ro3H

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ao ce rBrpafi, qe

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r,r3Po3n

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6yHKqnoHonu3tx ao xpr3r.

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n"rrocr,,\

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crPoal4Te Horn11 Qu.yp,r Ho KpaBx

ao ce nocfoBrT nnocTxocogll la

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OT rneArute Ho Kpoinr,!, yrr{nnroprl3tM oPHo_

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norpe6Hocrnye

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aonpuHocrMe

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ao yaoBnersoprBor

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nocBereH Ho 3ou]l,lToro Ho ro3l,! Ae;Hocr,

14SgecrHo nocrorHcrao Ho p03TnexAoHure cneqr+,iqHt,l npo6neHx: 1) lloaruoaone xovecrBoro Ho oxonHoro cpeAo, onPeaeneHo oT xoPoKTePo Ho yLiocTByBoutxTe B ce

So6enrrgo

reiroro crr4oeore

Ho npeAHerl,l;

2) llosrurosore Ho npo,!!BoArrerHocrro; 3) flosruoeore Ho eKcnnoorotlr,loHHfiTe r<o-

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crc

npe3 nocneaHnre roarHx R!f1 k36po€r.lure noroPe nPo6ne

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HO nPOi

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Ao oKoxe peurosou.l

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crrn

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{

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eaHo

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or xrAensr)r orKonl(oro Ho corlocroirerHure Cero cneABo Ao npeiuHeH xlr4 posrnexAoHe HO nPo6neMo

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B norr3o uo orpoHn-

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n,19eH11, CeKToP HO

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nonoxeHre,

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qe B cTPoHl1re oT Tpe-

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AoaeHrrr npxxep,o norpe6rrenckoro crpykrypo HO )l<rnruleTo ce oTHoc, Ktfl eaHo oT MSoToTo nPoKTIqecKr! BrrHoxHl,l c+€p.{ r{o s!o,HHo tiHTerPoqu, B Po6oTOTO eXAy npOHHl'UneHOTO eCTe-

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x HHArsrayonHo npor3BoAcrBo, Hourero npeAnoxeHr4e He ce ctclol,l atB BtBexaoHeto Hd cToHAOPIll3Otlrr, KOtiO AO He e ,KoHor.tIqecKI o6ocHoBoHo l, Ao rinnio r!B!H porlK Te Ho noTPe6HocTr4Te. CneAgo o6oqe Ao ce noAgepToe, 9e OKO AeiCTBHTento ahe peuJHnI ao BlraeicfBy. BOHe qPer flPOilrUJneHOTO eCTeTTKO StpXy $Opt&PoHeTo Ho tloTepronHoTo 'logeuJxo cpeao, KorTo ao croTs€TcTByBo HO rroaeuJK14Te noTpe6HocTr, Heo6xoaHho e ao ce oTqrToT o6exTl,lBHrTe 3OKorlOHePHoCTrl B po:rBHTl,|ero Ho npoAyr(qHiTo,

o KpHlePrtTe Ho nPoilHUJneSoTo ecTeTrKo aa

3rB:Aor s nPoqecrTe Ho cToHAoPTrraol.lHrro, Axo ocseh ioBo, ulolr 9Pe! croH4(lPTrloqrtro HCr(Ohe ao onPeAenHM cBoiaTBoTo Ho nPea.le_

xoinn.{r npr6oP, !q xPox.se XyaoxHB(-npo.*toHr: 3. BPY6'

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nPchllLrrIeHoro ecTeTrKo nPrl peuoaoHeTo Ho ro3H nPo6neH. 14'roKo, ci,reroBoHero,r 3ror,!ryoAeicrsrelo iexay cTo8aoPTHroqxrTo h nPoHr,rlrneSoTo ecTeTnxo e keo6xoArrlo ycnoBhe ro fiPorPec s o6nocrro Ho nPo,r!BoacTBoro q noTPe6neH efo.

npo€k ntororrn xo noxP.to iorop{o dPe.osBo cpeactro 30 XyaoxH,q,-npoekroHrr: Cr' corxk, P. noaoroR, tO. Konoq(n,3, rpoxo.cFx, a. xrHorpoad (3d xeHxr ! Po.6.rrero Ho nPo-

irur€ioro ecrer"kc, 3d

1970

)K AOn'bnH[TEnHO nO TO3h B-bnPOC:

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rensHbrx npr6opoB, 1968, 142 c,, a un. fyKOB B. t4. EaHHHo, cycreHo noKororenei (oq€cTBo r,r croHAoPToB An, qenoBeKo. cccP, Crox4oprur { KoqecrBo, 1967, N9 10, c. 19-22. 1, AAH41AK 8., B. Oure 3proHonxko I crori-

aoprbr CCCP, TexHnqecxomcrerrl(o, Ne 9, c, 20-21,

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Arroix.E (nonuro)

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npoeKT 1971,

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c. 19-23,

ltn.

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perrvxoro poapo6orKo Ho trorerornKoro

Koi

Cohn. D. Hilbart

Dunod, Paris, 1960

4. Josef Albers

5. 62

verlaS. Bern

Anschalliche Geo-

et la Vision,

Trotz der Geraden. Bentel

Sidrid Giedion

,3Po3

r'!

Ao ce HoieP,

oHoBCl KOHKPeTHO

nPunoxeHle, Koero ocMrcn,- xoPoKTePol,| nPosoTo 8o ctuleaiByBoHe Ho BciKo teoPrlt.

6. form - Morfologia 1-411967 cnficoHre Architektura .nxcoHre Projekt 4-611957i 1l'1963

Les Yeux

3,{oe Aor1, c(oPo Lqe Moxe

TexHxii iorepuoneH

Lech Tomaszewski

3. Yves le Grand

e' Po,-

ycnoBm Ho Brtr'loxrlo Ao

Houlr4Te

chitecture

'1.

tloreploneH x,!Bor. Aopll oko e ce p;onr3vpo Heu{o ro(oBo,3Cl Kol(Bo rPi6Bo

6UEnl,{OrPA(Dt4i

metrie

ce, nopo4orconHo

Space, Time and Ar-

Curt Siegel

Strukturformen der moderGeort D. W.

nen Architekture. Verlet Callwey. Mijnchen 1960

O syme$ii w

7. Stanislaw Jaskowski nicture

zdob-

pn/rodwe.-PZWS. Warszawa,

1952

Ma.tin Gordner The Ambidex(ous Uni- New verse. Basic Books. York, 1964

XepfioiH Soin - Crierpxr. h3A. Hoy(o , r3q/crBo. Co{ar,'1969

10. lllqenox

EneHak&

rorop. t1!A.

cr]nkrre Ho ['lr- ['lo Cooxr, 1964

TexHxKo.

fr )t L-

c} m

A I V

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q.aftp, ax..PG * E.n.,t

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CAUI

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L.lB. 6en,{eBo. CBerrr B opxrrxHreprop. C,, TexHrko, 1971, 146

KOMndUUhn

1971, 152 c., c |,n. 3. qPOE1EMU Ho

(roHAopr. t4., BHhhT3,

6opMoo6po3yBoHero B Mourr.rxocrpoexero, Cotpur, LlllEXIl, 1971, 235 c., rn.

qCUXOOWUO1O.UqECKUE ,1 ecrerr-

qecx[e ocHoabr HOT,2,Aon,

nepepo6. ,3a, 14., 3xoxonr,rxo, 1971, 366 c., kn. CTEqAHOB lO. C. CeMrornxo. M., Hoyxo, 1971, 145 c,, $n. CbBPEMEHHO yexi{riqecko o63oBexAoHe Ho ,1

5. c 6. xrn&utero. Co+ur, qnEXn, 1971, 149 c. 7. XyAOXECTBEHHOE KoHcrpyrpoBoHre rn eKrPo-rexHrqecl<hx nt4enui. Pl., 3xeprur, 1971. 190 c.. c un 8. nAoB B.8., A. A. 6enoa. Xyaoxecr6eHHoe

koHcTpyrpoBor{re rre6enx. ll., r,lecxor npor.rsru.rneHHocrb, ,l971,223 c., a lln.

9, BANHAM R. Theo.y and Desi8n in the First Machine Age. 4 ed. London, Architectural Press, 1970,338 p., ill. 10. DOBITN J. Perspective a new System for Designers. New Jork, Whitney Library of Desitn, 1959.67 p.. ill. 11. ERGONOMISCHE Berichte. ll. lnternationales Symposium Arbeitshygiene und Arbeitssch-

utz im Bauwesen 15 bis. 19 Oktober '1968 in Eisenach. Berlin, Verlat Tribijne, '1970,495 s., ill.

12.

FEttER

P,. Torrer L'outil.

l'homme avec la matiare. S. L.,

Dialogue de

Albert de Vis-

cher, 1970,225 p., ill. 13. FR,EDlr.lANN A., l. Pile, F, Wolson lnterior Desitn. New Jork, Elsevier, 1970, 302 p., ill.

14.

GERICKE

1., K. Schdne Das Phinomen

Far-

be. Berlin, Henschel Verlat Berlin, 1970, 174 s., ill.

15.

KELM

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Sozialismus.

Berlin, Dietz Verlag, '1971, 186 s., ill.