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Spectators watch a Mixed Martial A.rts ( MMA.) bout at the FCC (Full Contact Championship) 6 fight night in Mumbai on June 30, 2012. Fight nights are gaining popularity in Mumbai as fighters from all over the country are pitted against competitors who have been 'cross-trained' to fight in different styles combining a mix of kick- boxing, judo, wrestling, grappling and other martial art forms.

India pushes for 26/ 11 CBM, Pakistan rejects state role

India recently pressed Pakistan to bring co juscice those guilty of the 26/11 attack and said it could be tl1e b iggest confidence building measure (CBi'vf) as Islamabad strongly rejected any role of state actors in the carnage and offered a joint probe

The foreign secretaries o f I ndia and Pakistan , Ranjan Mathai and Jalil Abbas

J ilani, wrapped up two days of t,'llks o n peace and security, inclu ding CBMs,Jarnmu and Kashmir as well as the promocion of friendly exchanges. The talks ''were held in a frank and construccive atmosphere", said a joint statement.

Issues tlnown up by the disclosures made by 26/1 1 p lotter Abu Jindal Hamza, which India said point to the involveme nt of Pakistani state actors in the Nov 26, 2008 terrorist attack in 1'1urnba.i, figured prominently in the discussions.

India s hared informacion on Jindal's di sclosures and pressed Islamabad to bring the perpetrators of the carnage co ju stice.

"Terror.ism is the biggest threat to peace and security in the reg ion, and bringing the guilty to justice in tl1e Mumbai terror attacks would be the biggest confidence b uilding measure of all," said Matl1ai.

"The arrest of Abu Jindal has added an urgency to the matter. \Xie will conrinue to pursue the matter to its logical conclusion," he said.

In response,Jilani said while terrorism was a common enemy of both India and Pakistan, " trading charges will not help".

J ilani refuted India's accusation of the involvement of Pakistani s tate agencies in the Mumbai terror engineered b y 10 Pakistanis that left 166 people, including many fo reigners, dead and 238 in jured.

" I strongly re ject any insinuation of a ny involvement of state agencies in any act of terrorism in India," Jilan.i repli ed when asked about J indal's d isclosures

" ] assured him (Mathai) chat whatever evide nce India hRs, the enrire evidence should be shared. We are even willing for a joint invescigacion into the marter," said J ilan.i

"\'v'he neve r we are faced with terrorism, we s hould intensify cooperation. In case there are certain gaps, we sho uld fiU those gaps i n the spirit of cooperation," Jilani said while calling for g reater cooperation between the ho m e ministries and respective agencies of rhe two countries.

Despite differences in perceptions o n the issue of terrorism, the two countries decided co pursue tl1e dialogue and stressed on enhancing bilateral trade chat could produce win-w in outcomes

"While we might not agree o n all issues, we do agree that relations between our two countries have to be normalised. The re is a deter m ination o n both sides to ta ke forward our dialogue with an o pen mind a nd a construccive spirit," said Matl1a.i.

Stress ing tl1atJindal's revelarions do not constitute a setback to the re,, h, ed peace process, J ilan.i underlined that the two countrie s have to ''move from an adve r sarial relacionship to a positive narrative".

" There is absolutely no se tback; t he setback is n ot what we can afford," J ilan.i replied when asked whetl1er Jind al's revelations were a setback to the peace process.

"We have pos itively assessed t he dialogue process. We have made significant progress in all area s."

Matlrni agreed saying, "\'{/e have made progress in people - to- peop le relations and trade. The forward movement o n trade is a win -win outcome. We plan co move forward on the trade track "

The two sides discussed the Jam m u and Kash mir issue and agreed to find a peaceful solucion "by narrowing d i,,ergences and building convergences".

L1 chis context, both sides d iscussed stren gthenin g CBMs to step up trade and trave l across tl1e Line of Control (LoC) char divides Kashmir and decided to convene a meeting of the working g roup on c rossLoC C BMs on July 19 in Islamabad.

Th e foreign secretaries al so discussed the dare for the visit of External Affairs Minister S.M. Kris hna co Islamabad.

The foreign secretaries will meet again in I s lamabad co p repare fo r the meeting of foreign ministers in September.

Krishna recently said he hopes to visit Is lamabad in the first week of September for t alks '.\~th his Pakistani counterpart.

The two countries al so discussed revival of cricketing ties and focused on enhancing sports and media excha nges.

After particle discovery, spotlight on Satyendra

Nath Bose

The discovery of a new subatomic particle, possibly d1e Higgs boson considered "a key to the cosmic riddle", has put the spotlight once again on Saryendra Natl1 Bose, the Indian scientist from whose surname the word 'boson' is derived.

"In dia is like a h istoric father o f the project," s aid Paolo Giubellino, spokesman of the Geneva- based European Organisation for ucle ar Research (also known as CEfu"\J), which conducted the experiments to find the elusive 'God' parti cle

Bose (1894-1974), a physicist from Kolkata (erstwhile Calcutta) and a contemporary of German sciencist Albe r t Einstein, did path -b reaking work on q uantum mechanics in the early 1 920s, using maths to desc ribe the behavioural pattern of d1e bosons o ne of d1e lWO families of fundamental particles chat tl1e universe is classified into.

The ocher family of fundamental particles fermions is named after Italy-born American physicist Enrico Fermi

Bose worked with Einstein in the 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose - Einstein statistics, and the Bose-Einstein condensate. He is also acknowledged as tl1e person who la.id the f0tmdacion of quantum staristics.

Howeve r, Bose never woo the No bel Prize, even though in later years the award was g iven several times for research on bosons.

" He l a.id the base though his work. He definitely deserved the l obel Prize. Definitel y,'' said Archan Majumdar, an astro - ph ys ic ist at SN Bose N acional Cen tre for Basic Sciences in Kolkata

" Howe,·er, at the same time, some kin d of h istorical justice ha s also been done. H is name has been immortalised in boso n s," Majumder said.

"And while it is always good to recognise past ach ievemenrs, it does not take d1e shee n away from the present successes. \X'hat the CEfu'"\J scientis rs have done is greac:. I r's a g reat leap forward in the ftmdamental research and knowledge of human civ ilizacion ," he said.

Milan Sanyal, director of Saha lnsticute of Nuclear Ph ysics , tl1 o ugh delighted at the discovery, rued tl1e fact tl1ar while the Higgs (named after British physicist Peter Higgs) in H.igi,>s boson was in upper case, the boson was in lower case.

"l s halJ write to CERN on tlus It is not a complaint. But I will point it out. I have already received many emails and calls on this. l don't want to s h oot any lecter now as tl1ey are celebrating. But I shall write to tl1em soon," Sanyal sai d.

H oweve r, h e said scientists of his instimte had collaborated with Genevabased European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CE RN) for the crucial Compact l\foon Solenoid (CMS) experiments.

"O n August 26, 2011 we signed tl1ree memoran da of tmderstandi n gs with CER1 o n e o f which was on CMS," he said.

Five facul ty members from the instin1te were part of the core CMS tea m.

" Bes ides, we have 10 Ph.D. students who are part of the project," he said.

Pine needles fue l business for Himachal villagers

Pine needles, a major cause of forest fires in H.irnachal Pradesh, a.re now hel ping villagers earn money

The inflammable needles, which fall on the grmmd in sum mer and cause forest fires because they have r esin, are being used a s bio -fuel by a cement pl ant.

The locals are collecting die needles and selling them at R s 1.65 per kg to d1e company.

"Gujarat A mbuja Cements i s u sing pi n e needles along with charcoal in its kilns. The needles have good calorifi c value," d ivisional forest officer Pradeep T hakm said

Th.is is tl1e second year in a row w hen tl1e compan y is pu rchasing the needles directl y from tl1e local people for its p lant in Ropa.r in Punjab, ad jo ining t h e hill state. Last season the c o mpany procured 250 tonnes of pi n e needles

T h is cime it has procured more d1an 560 tonnes and tl1e procurement is still o n. The forest department is facilitating the trade between the company and the village rs.

Thakur said the company bad .increased the procurement rare from Rs 1. 50 per kg to Rs.1.6 5 per kg.

"It's a good source of additional income fo r the vi Uagers. Jo the Harnirpur forest division alon e, more than 200 families are involved in tl1e job," he said

On an average, a family earns a1:ound R.s.1 5 ,000 per month through pine needles, said an offic ial.

The forest deparm1ent has set up 20 collection centres in the fo re st division where the company is p r ocuring d irectly.

Ar the collection centres, the needles are packed into bales of 35 kg to 40 kg using maclunes provided by che company.

"The transportation cost is quire high but in financial terms i rs use is viable as the company is saving 25 to 30 percent of coal ," Thaku r said.

T he company is al so paying Rs.5 per qu.intal as royalty to the panchayat concerned from where the needles are extracted.

Manju Dev i of Bhoraj village in Hamirpm district said d1e collecrion of pine needles was a good source of alternacive income

"Si nce pi ne needles are not used at homes as a burn directly (due co the presence of various nitrogen ox.ides), these lie unused in d1e forests. The demand picked up after the compan)r started procming them. \Y/e are now earning up to Rs. 40,000 in a season (from May to June)," Manju Devi said.

The n eedle fall starts in April-end and conti n ues cill tl1e beginni n g of July.

Forest officials said th e harvesci n g of needles greatly help checking forest fires co o

On an average, a p ine forest yields two to three tonnes of n eedles per hectare during a season and the stare has pine forests spread over 1,500 sq km, fmmd up to an al tin1de of 5,500 feet.

This summer, forest weald1 es timated at well over Rs.2 c rore (over $400,000) spread over 20,000 beer.ares has been destro)red i n fo rest fires.

A majority of [he fires are reponed from the pine forests

"Supplying pine needles to an industrial unit is a great success We are identifying some other end users too," said Avtar Singh, chief conservator (Forest Protection and Fire Control).

According to the 2009 Forest Survey of India report, Himacbal Pradesh bas 37,033 sq km of forest area, of which 3,224 sq km is very dense forest.

PM announces Rs.500 crore for flood - hit Assam

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recently announced an a.id package of Rs.500 crore for Assam, which has been seve re ly h it b y Roods, causing an estimated 65 deaths and inundating large stretches of land, including cropland.

The announcement came after tl1e prime minister and Congress president Sonia Gandhi undertook an aerial survey of some Aood affected distciccs of tl1e state.

"The Rs.500 cro re is sanctioned for immediate relief of the state. A central team has reached the state and wiU scare assessing tl1e total damage of the Aoods in tl1e state and all the required financial assistance will be extended to the state government based on the assessment of tl1e central tean1," said the prime minister, while reacting our a statement before the media at LGBI International r\irport near Guwahati.

According to the state Disaster Management Autlwrity (SOMA), the Aoods, affecting all 27 districts of the state, killed at lease 65 people recently. Anot!1er 16 peop le were killed in the past two weeks due to landslides, caused by heavy Aooding and incessant ra.infa.U.

The prime minister, who is a Rajya Sabha member from Assan1, also assured the state of efforts to restore the railway line in the Lumding- Bada rpur Hill section of tl1e Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR).

The railway ministry has already been instructed to take up immediate steps to restore the railway line as it is a lifeline for tl1e people in Assa.m's Barak VaUey; as weU as nejghbouring Nlizoram and Tripura.

Witb the Rood waters receding at some places, Manmohan Singh said the pri ma r y focus now would be on rescuing peop le who have been left marooned in flood - bit areas and providing relief to t!1em.

The prime minister had earlier announced an ex-gratia payment of Rs. 1 lak.h each to the relatives of those killed in Aoods and landslides. Besides, the state government will also pay Rs.2 5 lakh each to the relatives of tl1e victims.

He also noted that over 700 army personnel, and 16 teams of tl1e National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), compris.iug over 600 persoru1el and 71 boats, have been pressed into service for carrying out relief and rescue operations across the state.

"So far, a total of 4,000 people have been rescued across the stare and 20 tonnes of relief material has been airlifted by the Air Force to help the marooned peopl e," the prime minisrer added.

"A total of 4.84 lak.b people, who have been rendered homeless by Roods, have taken shelter in the 768 relief across the state. All the required he lp was given to the inmates of die relief camps," be said.

Manmohan Singh said mat the state government has adequate stock of food grain but the central government will provide additional supplies of grain and other materials as and when required.

Meanwhile, Assam's opposition parties, including the Asom Gana Parishad (AGP), the AU I ndia United Democratic Front (AIUDF), the Bharatiya Janata Parry (BJP) and others, have expressed the ir dissatisfaction with the pack.age announced by the prime minister.

AIUDF l eader and Leader of Opposition

Sirajuddin Ajmal said that Rs.500 crore is not sufficient as immediate relief as tl1ere has been huge devastation and loss of human lives and property in the floods.

BJP state unit spokesman Santa.nu Bharal.i also echoed similar sentiments, and also criticised the response of tl1e state government.

"\Xlith the waters starting to recede, now the major probl em will start in the form of diseases.

However, we have not seen any alertness on t!1e part of the government co deal wid1 the situations that normally a.tises after the Aoods," he said.

Sunita Williams heading back to space again

Indian-American astronaut Sunita WiUiams is all set to return to the lnternational Space Station, where she spent a record six months .in 2006.

Daughter of an lndian American father from Gujarat and a Slovenian mother, Williams is currently making final preparations for a Julr 14 launch from tl1e Ba.ikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, according to a NASA announcement.

She will be a Aight engineer on the station's Expedition 32 with Flight Engineers Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency and Akihiko Hos hide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration J\gency. On reaching the space station she will take over as commander of Expedition 33.

Williams and her coUeagues will be aboard t!1e station during an exceptionally busy period that includes two spacewalks, d1e arrival of Japanese, US commercial and Russian resupply vehicles, and an increasingly faster pace of scientific research, the US space agency said.

Williams is the second woman of lndian heritage co have been selected b y NASA for a space mission after Kalpa.na Chawla and tl1e second astronaut of Slovenian heritage after Ronald M. Sega.

She holds three records for female space travellers: longest spaceAjght ( 195 days), mm1ber of spacewalks (four) , and total time spent on spacewalks (29 hours and 17 minutes).

A 1987 graduate of tl1e US Naval Academy, Williams served in various roles as a Navy officer before being selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1998. She received a master's degree from the Florida Institute of Technology in 1995.

NCC to grow, change training sy ll abus

The National Cadet Corps (NCC), India's militarr youth movement in schools and coUeges, is all set to grow with the defence ministry planning to increase its sanctioned strength from the existing 13 l.akh to 15 lakh cadets.

The outfit is a lso readying to change its a:aining syllabus, refining tl1e philosophy to make ir contemporary and meet the aspirations of the country's yomh.

These issues were discussed at the NCC Central Advisory Committee (CAC) meeting cha.ired by i\ilinister of State for Defence M.M. PaUam Raju in New Delhi recently.

"The in1portant issues discussed during die CAC meeting included ina:oduction of a new syUabus based on the relined a:aining philosophy co make it contemporary and meet tl1e aspirations of the youtli of the country.

"In addition, an increase in authorised strengtl1 of cadets to be enroUed in NCC, raising of additional NCC units and enhanced role of NCC cadets in social and community development program.me were also discussed during the meeting," defence minist1-y officials said.

Addressing die meeting, Raju complimented the NCC on the excellent performance of its cadets in ,1arious activities pertaining co training, sports, adv ennire, social service and comrnmi.ity dev elopment.

Describing the l CC cadets as "leaders of tomorrow," Raju said since they are the key instrm11ems of social change, economic growth and technological innovations, there is an urgent need to channelise their energy in proper d irection with care

On t!1e occasion, l CC Director General Lt. Gen. P.S. Bha.Ua presented a detailed update on CC activities in the past two years to the members of the CAC.

CAC is the apex body that advises the government on policies regarding the constitution and administration of 1 CC.

The CJ\C also consists of nominated members of parliament, the tri- services chiefs, and eminent educatirni.ists IANS

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