Advantages: -
Less periapical trauma
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More debris removal
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Greater flare, more G.P. peak
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No over extrusion of G.P due to develop of apical matrix
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Increase condensation pressure can exerted → fills more accessory and lateral canals.
Disadvantages: -
Apical blockage
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Alteration of W.L.
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Tendency for canal deviation.
PASSIVE STEP BACK PREPARATION: Passive step back preparation was proposed by Torabinajad in 1994. Here the combination of rotary and hand instruments are used for root canal preparation. Here enlargement of root in apical to coronal without application of force i.e., rotating at 1/8 to Âź turn. Advantage: Reduces the risk of apical transportation. MODIFIED STEP BACK: Here after apical preparation, the step back procedures begin 2-3mm up the canal. This provides short almost parallel retention form to receive primary gutta-percha.