COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL & C PROGRAMMING An IP (Internet Protocol) address is an identifier for a particular machine on a particular network; it is part of a scheme to identify computers on the Internet. IP addresses are also referred to as IP numbers and Internet addresses. An IP address consists of four sections separated by periods.
Each section contains a number ranging from 0 to 255.
Example 202.54.1.6. These four sections represent both the machine itself, or host, and the networks that the host is on.
The IP addresses have the following characteristics in common:
IP addresses are unique.
No two machines can have the same IP number.
IP addresses are also global and standardized.
All machines connected to the Internet agree to use the same scheme for establishing an address.
4.6.5.2 Domain Name A domain name is a way to identify and locate computers connected to the Internet. No two organizations can have the same domain name.
A domain name always contains two or more components separated by periods, called “dots’. Some examples of domain names are: Microsoft.com, lnl.net, ibm.com, nasa.gov, utexas.edu, tcs.co.in, etc. The major categories for top-level domain names are:
Com
- commercial entities
edu
- educational institutions
net
- organizations directly involved in Internet operations
org
- miscellaneous organizations that don’t fit any other category, such as non-
profit groups
gov
- United States Federal Government entities
mil
- United States military
Country codes- a two-letter abbreviation for a particular country. For example, “in” for India, “uk” for United Kingdom or “fr” for France, etc.
Each domain name corresponds to numeric IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. An IP address takes the form of 4 numbers, each one between 0 and 255, separated by periods.
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