The Kids Rule! Guide to… The Norman Conquest

THEZINE A NG A M GY OU R O F MBERS! E M

Supports the

THE Kids RuLe! GUIDE TO…

Normuaen t Conq z s qui

u’ve See if yo t it got wha ade inv takes to nd Engla

GET CREATIVE

✓ Build a mini motteand-bailey castle ✓ Design a medieval tapestry ✓ Make a model of Dover Castle’s Great Tower

Key Stage 2 Curriculum

homes through history

Find out what life was like at Dover Castle!

WHERE’S WILLIAM?

See if you can find the missing king at the Oath of Sarum!

LAnd ahoy!

Discover how William the Conqueror and his army invaded England and won the Battle of Hastings

WALL PAINTINGS! • ROYAL HUNTS! INSIDE • LOLS! • AWESOME BATTLE GAME!

Let’s party like it’s 1066!

KINGS OF THE CASTLEs

Answers (in order): Pevensey, 1066, Battle of Hastings, Dover Castle, Domesday Book

After defeating King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William the Conqueror and his noblemen took control of England.

Fill in the missing words below to complete the introduction…

If you love castles then you should thank the Normans. A few days after sailing from northern France and landing at in East Sussex in , William the Conqueror and his Norman forces defeated the army of Harold Godwinson at the .

Not only did this bring about the end of Anglo-Saxon England but it saw the country change massively. Norman lords built thousands of castles to protect themselves from attack – and to show off their power to their new subjects. Many of these, such as in Kent, were so well built they are still standing today. But the Normans weren’t just great builders. They brought about major changes in language, law and in everyday life. By 1086 the Normans had taken full control of the country, with the providing a record of who owned land in England and how much tax the king could raise.

S

MISSING WORD Dover Castle Pevensey Battle of Hastings Domesday Book 1066

What’s inside?

The Norman nuggets you can find in the pages of this issue 02

s 5 thingt to spo

A day in the life of Osric, a groom at Pickering Castle in North Yorkshire Page 4

Can you find these five objects hiding in the pages of this issue?

William’s A shield crown A boa A stirrup t w ro An ar head

Learn about the Norman landing at Pevensey Castle in East Sussex Page 6

See if you can match the words to the pictures in our Battle of Hastings game Page 8

Build your own mini motte-and-bailey castle and, they built a series of When the Normans first invaded Engl power. These were made their rt asse to mot te-and-bailey castles with a wooden or stone tower of a big mound of earth (the mot te), osed area at the bottom encl an in nt on top and a small settleme e your own mini mot te and (the bailey). Your challenge is to mak ing involved so make sure cutt and ting bailey. There’s a bit of pain you get an adult to help.

LOL !

Wh was avt knight ery su of him s re Sir Ta elf? inly

THE KE

EP Use a small cardbo ard Either cut squares int box for the keep. to make the battlem o the top of the box ents or make cardbo ard strips to stick on to p of the box. Paint your keep grey or brown.

Once it’s dry, add de tails such as the gate, sm all windows and a few stones using a black pen. Stick it to your mound and then sti ck the staircase in place going from th e gate to the floor.

TE THE MOTpie ce of

You’ll need a big tyrene cardboard or polys ve a ha u yo If . se ba a as you , wl bo c spare plasti e th r fo at th e us uld co ch un scr , ise rw motte. Othe s ge pa r pe pa ws ne up them into balls and stick e or glu ing us er th ge to f by of ish Fin . sticky tape d in a un mo ur yo g pin wrap r. Paint sheet of newspape y, stick dr it’s ce On n. ee it gr er tina nc Co . se it to your ba ard bo rd ca of ip str a ld fo e. as irc sta a to make

THE MOAT

Paint a blue moat ar ound the base of your mo tte and bailey. If you ha ve polystyrene or thick cardboard, you can even press down into this area to make a real ditch.

Paint the rest of your base gr een.

THE BAIL

King William has gone missing at the Oath of Sarum.

See if you can spot him!

Page 10

Learn about life at Dover Castle and make a model of Henry II’s Great Tower!

Page 12

THE WALL

wall, cut If you want an authentic palisade gh to go enou big rd two lengths of cardboa your of top the and y baile your nd arou the Stick . half in s mot te. Cut lollipop stick e mak to rd boa card your g alon s stick lollipop of out ge brid draw a te a wooden fence. Crea n. cardboard and string and paint it brow Anyone seen King william on page 10?

Take our quiz to see if you have what it takes to organise the Norman invasion!

Page 16

200644

Cut out a large circle EY of cardboard and stick it to your base. Paint it green but with a pa th the steps at the foot going from of your motte to the other side. Fo r houses, paint some small boxes.

Make the roofs out of folded pape r and stick them on top. Position thes e around your bailey and stick them down.

You can add more buildings, such as stables, an d even Lego or Playmobile peop le and animals to bring your castle to life.

03

A day in the life

Osric and the other grooms look after the horses at the castle. He starts off by cleaning out the stables.

Meet Osric, a groom working at Pickering Castle in North Yorkshire in 1122

Hurry up Osric, you can eat while you work!

Osric has an early start to a busy day. Before he’s even finished breakfast, his master, the Marshal, is telling him to head back to the stables.

Ouch, my back already hurts from all that mucking out

Must you make so much mess?

NEIGH!

The king has come to his castle at Pickering to go hunting in the huge royal forest. Osric isn’t hunting but he follows the hunters. He’s looking after the horses, while other staff look after the hunting dogs, hawks and falcons.

Horses are much faster than dogs

Yes, but the dogs are a lot easier to clean up after

He finishes just in time to see the special guests arrive. King Henry I has made the long journey up from London to stay at the castle. It’s exciting for Osric, as it’s the first chance he’s had to see the king.

The king is old now but he’s still a very good rider. Osric watches him follow the dogs in pursuit of a deer. No one else is allowed to hunt in the forest except the king, so it’s teeming with prey.

Oh deer, they’re

fast!

The forest is huge and Osric and the other servants lose track of the hunters. However, they soon hear a scream and hurry to see where it comes from.

That sounded bad!

This way, hurry you lot!

When the hunting party returns, Osric takes their horses back to the stables for food and water.

He makes sure the king’s horse is looking its best.

You’ve made a right mess of yourself, Fauvel

SNORT!

It’s a good job Osric has cleaned out the stables so well, as this is where he sleeps at night. He’ll be up early again as the king heads back out for more hunting.

One of the hunters has fallen off his horse and hurt his arm. The king knows hunting is dangerous and his own brother died while hunting. Osric and others volunteer to take him to the castle.

Give me a hand, I can’t feel mine!

Take good care of him, groom

Osric walks past the hall where the king and his party are having a feast. The food smells delicious and makes him hungry. Luckily the injured man that Osric helped sends him out a piece of roasted deer.

Deerlicious, thanks sir!

One good turn deserves another. Here’s some venison, boy Yawn. Time to hit the hay!

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G N I R A P PRE FOR

BATTLE

It is the morning o f 28 September 10 66. An invasion flee sailed overnight fr t has om Normandy an d is arriving at Peve in East Sussex. The nsey conquest of Engla nd is about to beg in…

It’s

LAUNCHING AN INVASION

a sh thin ore g!

iam of 66, Duke Will In summer 10 t of ee fl a d se as Normandy am d 1,000 ships. an ng between 700 ilar to the Viki m si e er w e s’ Som an m or N by the warships used eet then waited fl e ancestors. Th favourable winds r for a month fo the Channel. ss ro ac it y rr ca to

CHANNEL HOPPING

Duke Willi am sailed at the head o f in his ship the fleet , called th e Mora. A la n mast acte tern on its d as a bea co for the fle et to follo n w.

The ship’s fi took the fo gurehead rm golden infa of a n with its rig t pointing ht forefing er towards E ngland.

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The Mora

!

LAND AHOY

y hastily William’s arm According . disembarked accounts, ry tu en to 12th-c as he ed bl William stum , falling nd la to on d steppe arms s hi ith on his face w d cutting an ed ch outstret e of those his nose. Som ok this as to m hi around t William bu a bad omen d already ha he at joked th gland En taken hold of nds. ha s hi th with bo

Normandy in France

rned to , William retu In spring 1067 barked em he re whe Pevensey, from ing to Normandy. om on his homec giving e occasion by th d ke He mar s, an er w of his follo land to some itnessed by members w event forcibly ace elite at the pl n xo Sa e th of ted. ar st d ha uest William’s conq

FEEDING AN ARMY

The invasi on fleet tr an an army o f around 7 sported ,000 men consisting , o infantry a f mounted knights , nd archers . The army’s eq uipment, such as coats of m a and bows il, helmets, swords, a to be ship nd arrows, had ped across along wit the sea, h food wou provisions. More ld soon be ta from the lo cal people ken .

To see what Pevensey Castle looks like today, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/pevensey

LOL

!

WilliaWhat did clumm say to s t Caref y archer?he u have l or you so ’l eye omeone’s l ut!

I’m jo ust here f or the fo od

!

MARCHING TO WAR

ing, William Soon af ter arriv stings, the moved on to Ha n. William w to closest large onse of awaited the resp e king th g tin Harold, taun cal lo e th ng gi va by ra ld ro Ha countryside. and the marched south gs was in st Battle of Ha s inland ile m n ve se ht foug .

66 10 r on 14 Oc tobe

BAY OF PLENTY

Pevensey was an ide al landing place becaus e it had a large bay pro tec ted from the sea by shing le. At the bay’s western en d was a Roman for t. One of the first ac tions underta ken

by William’s army wa s to secure the for t an d place guards there.

Peter Urmston/Historic England; Getty Images

G CELEBRATIYN VICTOR

Pevensey Castle 07

Battle

1

BY NUMBER

Preparing for battle, Harold Godwinson’s English forces are on the top of the hill arranged in a defensive shield wall. Facing them on the opposite side of the valley are William, Duke of Normandy, and his troops.

B

A

2

William’s men advance up the hill to attack the English shield wall.

They’re led by lightly armed foot soldiers and archers. Behind them are ranks of heavily armoured infantry and cavalry.

C

3

The first Norman attack is unsuccessful. The left wing of William’s army is driven back by the English and rumour spreads that he’s been killed. The Norman army retreats and the English follow them down the hill.

4

William lifts his helmet to show his face to his troops. He cries out that he’s alive and tells his men to fight on.

F

5

William encourages his troops to turn and attack the English soldiers who have followed them down the hill. Away from the safety of the shield wall, they’re easy targets.

6

The Normans use a tactic of false retreat. To create gaps in the shield wall they pretend to run away and then suddenly turn and attack any English soldiers who follow them.

E G

7

William brings his archers forward to launch a final attack on Harold and his men. They fire into the English line. One of the arrows wounds or kills Harold.

8

After his victory, William orders that Battle Abbey is built to commemorate the battle and to atone for the bloodshed. He commands that the high altar is placed on the spot where Harold fell.

08

I loved that b it!

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Battle of Hastings Who’s Who? Play our game to discover the men and women behind the events of 1066 STEP

1

Go to www.english-heritage. org.uk/kids and click on the link for the Battle of Hastings Who’s Who? game

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STEP

2

Download the boards and playing cards STEP

3

Stick the cards on thin cardboard (a cereal box is fine) and cut them out STEP

4

EDGAR ATHELIN

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Wife of Earl Go dwine mother and of King Ha was a tragic fig rold, she ure wh lost fo o ur sons in 1066

ED H AARNIT EDSGW N ELING ECK ATH

D THE WAR Follow the instructions EDONFESSOR C DITH C E EDEA GN K N online to play!

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Answers 1C, 2A, 3F, 4D, 5E, 6H, 7B, 8G

S

FUN GAME

Use the drawings below of key moments during the Battle of Hastings and match them to the correct description of the events of 14 October 1066!

09

Where’s William?

It’s August 1086 and King William I’s tenants-in-chief and land-owning men are gathered to swear an oath to ‘the Conqueror’ at Old Sarum but he’s gone missing in the crowds. Can you find him?

ot to sp s g n i A mo 5 th use Raven r banne Children playWilliam fighting ird g pBooing n i l a e t Dog ssword a

What was the Oath of Sarum?

In the first 20 years of William’s reign he faced rebellion at home and the threat of Danish invasion from abroad. He also had to spend half of each year back in Normandy protecting his lands from the king of France. William decided that he needed to know who he could trust in England. His solution was to bring together the most powerful men in the country and get them to promise to be loyal subjects.

This gathering was held on 1 August 1086 at William’s castle at Old Sarum, Wiltshire, where they ‘swore to be faithful to the king against all other men’. This event has become known as the Oath of Sarum.

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What L! doe W Coniqlliam thse himsueror cal e l he’s slf when ick?

Illi m Cona quetrohe r!

Q&A

Wh LOL a to dt happ! e e kingposedns s ?

T thr hey g one et awa y!

Interview with King Henry II’s lord steward We put your questions to the lord steward at Dover Castle in Kent and here’s what he said…

What changes did Henry II make to Dover Castle?

King Henry decided to turn Dover into the most advanced castle design in Europe, adding the inner bailey, towers and the Great Tower. This means Dover is widely admired by many of the king’s most important visitors.

What is a lord steward and what do you do?

I was appointed by the king to oversee every arrangement to prepare for his arrival, be that making sure the larder is fully stocked or getting the hall ready for guests. It’s a very important role and I answer only to the king.

Where does the king sleep?

The king sleeps in his private chamber. Only the most important people are allowed inside. The king works here, sleeps here and takes his leisure with a chosen few.

Who else travels with the king?

Hundreds of people – the whole royal household and the king’s court. We host many distinguished guests: the household knights and nobles of this kingdom and abroad, and then there’s all the king’s officers, all the servants, cooks and grooms. Some, like me, travel ahead of the king to ensure everything is ready for his arrival.

12

Watc the v h id To see t eo he full intervie w, www.en go to g heritag lishe.org. uk/kids

mini n w o r u Make yo ry II’s model of Hen Great Tower at Dover Castle

Rule! magazine Look out for future issues of Kids es through hom to get templates to create more street of a ke history. Collect them all to ma s! age the model houses through

STEP 1

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II nry He 13

If walls could talk

St Mary’s Church, Kempley is one of England’s finest Norman churches, with amazing wall paintings that tell the stories of the Bible

TREE OF LIFisEa

IN THE PINK 1120s by

ilt in the The church was bu descendants , ily m fa the De Lacey who fought n ro ba an rm of a No ueror at the nq Co e with William th e s. Th walls were Battle of Hasting d red and ochre, te in originally pa to pink. which has faded

OVER TO YOU

paint If you could your anything on lls, a bedroom w be? it ld what wou

THE FACE OF GOD

The inside of the east is completely cove end re paintings, repres d in enting a vision of God in he surrounded by an aven, gels and saints. Many Norm an churches containe d paintings like this, bu t these are the on ly ones to survive intact in England.

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Discover more about St Mary’s Church, Kempley at www.english-heritage.org.uk/st-marys-church-kempley

door Above the main which, e tre e th of carving e Bible, grew th to g in rd co ac Eden and in the Garden of eternal of was the source at the life. Its position urch ch e th entrance of lity. ta or m im es lis symbo

KNOCK ON

WOOD

The churc h fea oldest roo tures one of the England. Te fs and doors in sts wood cam show that the chopped d e from trees own in the The door 1120s. wa tree plante s made from a d in aroun d 950! it’s like watching paint dry!

PAINTIN PICTURGE A

The pain ti layers, s ngs were create ta d on wet p r ting with outl in ines laster. W hen dry, more detail w this was includin g a blue as added, colour m from azu ade rite (an exp mineral) and silve ensive r leaf.

Sup e sax r poe on try !

Last issue we challenged you to write an inspiring Saxon poem. Here is some of your fantastic verse!

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E NN

I

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YOU diD it!

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BATTLEFIELD

Coco, age 6½

the battlefield, You’re standing on high, weapon raised up u lets out yo nd And everyone arou a big sigh, the battlefield, You’re standing on master, fighting for your is slowly t ea And your heartb er, st fa growing the You’re standing on sition, po in ng battlefield, standi out, this is the As war cries ring final decision, the battlefield, You’re standing on high, weapon raised up u lets out yo nd And everyone arou a big sigh.

NN UP ER-

NER RUN P U Alana, age 10

By Theo, age 9

COMPETITION

S SAINT ENTRIE A e t a in m o N n-day saint We loved these moder sharing! for nominations. Thanks

, age 11

From Owen

From Bella, age 8

Make a medieval tapestry Enter our competition for your chance to win a £100 goody bag!

A lot of what we know about the Battle of Hastings is thanks to the Bayeux Tapestry, a 70m-long embroidered cloth that depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England. Now we would like you to design a tapestry telling a story from your life. Go to to www.englishheritage.org.uk/kids to find out more and enter. We’ve got a goody bag worth £100 for our favourite!

Terms and conditions The closing date and time for entries is midnight on 5 January 2021. For full terms and conditions, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids

This magazine is published on behalf of English Heritage by Immediate Media Co. www.immediate.co.uk For English Heritage Luke Whitcomb, Johanna Lovesey, Tom Dennis, Tony Dike, Richard Leatherdale, Fran Gibbons For Immediate Media Co Group editor Matt Havercroft, Group production editor Oliver Hurley, Senior art editor Sam Freeman, Art editor Elaine Knight-Roberts, Account director Esther Procee, Account manager Joanne Robinson, Director Julie Williams, Editorial director Dan Linstead, Design director Will Slater Contributors Jeremy Ashbee, Mark Douglas, Roy Porter, Adam Rees Illustrations Wesley Robins

15

COULD YOU ORGANISE THE

NORMAN INVASION? Imagine you’re William of Normandy preparing to invade England in 1066. You have a lot to organise!

1

You need enough men to not only win a battle but to conquer the country. How many do you think you’ll need?

A The entire Norman population B Around 7,000 troops C Just a few of your toughest cousins

2

Your army will have to travel by sea to get to England.

What do you think you’ll need to do this?

A Ask Harold to come and fight you in France B 700–800 Viking longboats C A very long bridge

3

There are nowhere near enough ships available. What do you do?

5

What are the most important supplies you need to take with you?

A A white flag to surrender B Games for entertainment C Food, drink and horse feed

6

The men are last to go on board.

Why shouldn’t they wear their armour while sailing?

A If they fall overboard they’ll drown B The men will mess around and fight each other C It will get rusty in the sea air

7

All the men, horses and supplies are on board. What last thing do you need?

A A favourable wind B Seasickness medicine C The Wi-Fi to be working

how many did you get right?

A Spend a few years stealing them B Teach your army how to swim C Get everyone in Normandy to make ships

4

Your tactics in battle rely on you being fast and mobile. What do you need for victory?

A 3,000 bicycles B 2,000 horses C Train your men in cross-country running

Answers 1B Around 7,000 troops, 2B 700–800 Viking longboats, 3C Get everyone in Normandy to make ships, 4B 2,000 horses, 5C Food, drink and horse feed, 6A If they fall overboard they’ll drown, 7A A favourable wind

16

Now try these challenges to see if you could succeed in other aspects of Norman life

Feudal life

One king owned all the land.

Let’s suppose he split the land between 10 barons, who each gave 100 knights land, and each knight split his land up and let hundreds of peasants work on it. Draw a diagram of how many people were in each tier. What shape does it make? Is it a fair system?

Good knights

Norman knights lived by a code called chivalry, which was meant to make sure they behaved themselves, looked after ordinary people and were brave. Write down a code of chivalry with five things that people should live by today.

Name calling

There were several types of surname in the Middle Ages: what your job was, where you were from, what your dad’s name was, what you looked like, what your personality was and funny nicknames. Give yourself and your family Norman names such as Oliver Tall, Sam the Poet or Elaine Fearless. maker An arrow her tc le F a is