The Kids Rule! Guide to… The English Civil Wars

Supports the Key Stage 2 Curriculum

T MAGAHZE FOR YO INE MEMBEUNG RS!

THE Kids RuLe! GUIDE TO…

INTERVscIoEbeW l

Meet Bo odward House’s wo er how v and disco king! he saved a

STORM THE GATES! Six of the best (and worst) Civil War castle sieges

READY, AIM, FIRE!

Make a mini model of Roaring Meg!

Potions AND LOTIONS Discover the 17th-century cures for wind, warts and smelly breath!

Behind bars Discover how Charles I got stuck in a window trying to escape from Carisbrooke Castle!

DESIGN A CIVIL WAR POSTER! • LOLS! INSIDE • PURITAN QUIZ! • CASTLES GAME!

another feather in my cap!

It’s a right royal rumble!

civil

WAR

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Wher L! Charle was c ownes II follorw ed Resto ing the r On hi ation? s hea d!

s e l is h is it r B e h t s s acro Between 1639 and 1653, several bitter civil wars were fought across the British Isles for the control of government and religion. Fill in the missing words to find out more…

were Charles I came to the English throne in 1625. He believed that kings to share power, even appointed by God and resisted attempts by es ruled though it made laws and granted money for the king’s use. So Charl n. This led to alone from 1629, and in 1642 attempted to arrest five MPs for treaso ) on one side supporting Charles, full Civil War, with the Royalists (or ) on the other. The Royalists were and the Parliamentarians (or in 1648. defeated in the First Civil War in 1646, and again in the Second Civil War , supported Charles was executed in 1649. England was then ruled by Parliament . emerged as leader, called Lord by the army, and Oliver to Europe Charles’s son, also called Charles, kept fighting for the throne but fled in 1651. He became Charles II when the monarchy was restored in 1660.

MISSING WORDS

Cavaliers Cromwell Protector Roundheads Parliament Answers (in order): 1 Parliament 2 Cavaliers 3 Roundheads 4 Cromwell 5 Protector

What’s inside?

2

Here’s what you can find in this issue of Kids Rule!

5 things to spot

e objects Can you find these fiv this issue? of s ge hiding in the pa of A barrel er d A portrait gun pow

A helmet

A day in the life of Lady Blanche Arundell’s maid at Old Wardour Castle Page 4

A musket

Learn about the Civil War sieges that took place at our castles Page 6

A mortar

Discover how Charles I was imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight Page 8

MEGA MEG Find out how Go odrich Castle wa s no match for Ro aring Meg – and make your own workin g model!

During the Civil War, Goodrich Castle in Herefordshire was occupied by Royalists but the Parliamentarians were determined to capture it. Enter Roaring Meg! This massive mortar fired huge explosive shells high into the air and over the castle walls.

The Royalist defenders were powerless to stop the mortar,

and they soon surrendered.

Goodrich Castle was destroyed by the siege and is still a ruin.

Roaring Meg is now displayed in the the inner courtyard.

Fancy making your own version of Roaring Meg? Follow our instructions below to create a cardboard model that fires Styrofoam balls!

YOU WILL NEED • Thick cardboard (such as an old packaging box) • Scissors • Hole punch (optional) • Glue

• A toilet roll tube • Two rubber bands • Wooden lolly stick • Empty cotton reel • Two split pins • Styrofoam ball

Roaring Meg at Goodrich Castle today

d Downloa eg ng M ri a o R r u yo mplate carriage te glishn at www.e rg.uk/ heritage.o kids

INSTRUCTIONS STEP

3

1

Print out our downloadable carriage template. Cut out both side pieces and glue them on thick cardboard to make a sturdy base. Decorate or colour them in if you would like to.

Thread a rubber band (4–6cm, and strong and stretchy!) through one hole and thread one end through the other, pulling it tight to create a loop.

Repeat for other hole.

STEP

STEP

4

2

Using a hole punch or a pair of scissors (ask a grown-up), make two holes about a quarter of the way down the toilet roll tube, across from each other. Paint the tube black.

Meet Boscobel House’s woodward and make a mini model of the building Page 10

Glue a cotton reel to the centre of the lolly stick. Slide the stick end through the rubber bands on the tube so that it sits snugly on the back of the tube. Wrap the bands around the stick to tighten if necessary.

Read about one of the first celebrity cookbooks and its bonkers recipes!

Page 12

Download and play our Civil War territorial battle game Page 14

STEP

5

Using scissors, cut a hole halfway down each side of the tube. Make a matching hole in the centre at the top of the side pieces of the carriage. Using a split pin, attach the cannon to carriage side pieces.

STEP

6

Place a styrofoam ball into the tube, pull back the lolly stick and watch as your ball flies through the air. Try changing the angle of your cannon to see if it affects how far you can fire your ball!

Take our quiz to see if you could pass as a Puritan!

Page 16 3

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STEP

A day in the life Meet Margaret, Lady Blanche Arundell’s maid at Old Wardour Castle during a siege in 1643

Yawn…

I had a dream the army had left…

Margaret has a comfortable bed she shares with another maid.

But she didn’t sleep well last night knowing there is an enemy army outside Old Wardour Castle.

Oh no, they’re still there

Six days ago a force of 1,300 Parliamentarian soldiers came to the castle. Lady Blanche Arundell, who is running the castle after her husband left to support Charles I, has refused to let them in, even though she only has 25 men to defend the castle.

Lady Blanche is so calm. I would have gone ballistic!

I’ve only finished his shoulder so far. He doesn’t have a head yet!

Margaret is sat with Lady Blanche and the other ladies. They try to take their minds off the siege by talking and doing needlework. Margaret is making a picture of Charles I.

At least we can sit comfortably

afraid not.

I just used your chair for wood to cover the window!

Suddenly a cannonball crashes through the window and smashes into the chimney. Luckily no one is hurt.

The ladies move to a safer room. Some of the men are boarding up windows to stop musket balls and cannonballs coming through them. It means the rooms are very dark, even in the daytime.

I’d rather surrender than see any of you get hurt

Phew, that’s my husband Thomas. He’s still a catch!

There is a huge explosion from a tunnel underneath the castle. It shakes the walls and pictures fall off, but Margaret manages to catch one before it breaks.

Gulp! I hope they see the sheet before they start shooting

There is an even bigger explosion as the soldiers ignite a barrel of gunpowder. Everyone is very scared and Lady Blanche unhappily admits defeat.

Take good care of my home, Sir

Margaret and the castle’s steward, Cuthbert, go to her bedroom to get the white sheet off her bed. They attach it to a pole and Cuthbert waves it from the top of the castle. This is a sign for the fighting to stop.

On my honour

The gates open and Lady Blanche walks out with all of her men and servants. She agrees to surrender to Sir Edward Hungerford, so long as her staff are not harmed and the castle is left intact. He agrees and she hands over the keys.

Grrr!

I guess someone else will be taking my bed tonight

Margaret and the other ladies try not to look sad as they are marched away with Lady Blanche.

Worrying about what will happen to them next, they see Sir Edward’s men breaking his promise by running into the castle to steal all the valuables.

ld fO s o and d n i ru tle ene the r Cas app . e w uk/ u se th To ardo wha o ww org.

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storm s e t ga the

In the three civil wars in England between 1642 and 1651, there were some mighty battles, but most of the fighting took place in smaller sieges of castles and fortified houses. Here are six of the best (or worst!)…

2. Goodrich Castle, Herefordshire When: 1646 Duration: Two months Famous for: Roaring Meg

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1. Scarborough Castle, North Yorkshire

Wher OL! Crome did Oliv his awr ell finder mie Up hi s? sleev s ies!

When: 1646 Duration: Six months keep collapsed stle Famous for: The ca mbarded Scarborough Parliament’s army bo ks to eral determined attac Castle and made sev d and the de fen de gly on str s break into it. But it wa fierce e cannon fire was so siege dragged on. Th psed, lla co ep ke ge hu e’s that half of the castl rubble. In the end, so reducing it to a pile of d were killed, wounde rs many of the defende d an ht fig to fit re only 25 or starving, there we render. sur to ced for s wa r the castle commande

6

attacked The Parliamentary soldiers who powerful a had 1646 e Jun 1 on h dric Goo , it was a weapon. Nicknamed Roaring Meg lls with she ve huge mor tar that fired explosi ’s Meg lls! tba foo two to al a diameter equ wall, where le cast the r ove t sho e wer lls she bits of iron in they exploded and sent jagged of this, the ths all directions. After two mon k to page 3 bac Turn in. e gav n Royalist garriso el! mod to make your own Roaring Meg

3. Pendennis Castle, Cornwall When: 1646 Duration: Five months Famous for: Victory by starvation

Pendennis Castle was the last – except one – of all Royalist cast les to hold out at the end of the war in 1646. The castle defences covered the whole of Pendennis, high ground that stuck out into the sea. There was some fighting but the Parliamentary siege forces waited for the defenders to starve. The defenders only gave up once the king gave them permission to surrender. Afterwards, the cast le was deliberately destroyed with only the gateho use left standing.

4. Tresco and St Mary’s islands, Isles of Scilly, Cornwall

When: 1651 Duration: Five weeks Famous for: A night attack

The Isles of Scilly were used as a base for Royalist ships. In April 1651, Parliament sent ships to capture the islands. Troops landed on Tresco at night and, after a brief fight, drove the Royalists from the island. The Parliamentary navy bombarded the island of St Mary’s and, after five weeks, with no hope of help, the Royalists surrendered.

5. Donnington Castle, Berkshire

When: 1645–46 Duration: 20 months Famous for: The castle was almost completely destroyed over a Donnington Castle was besieged by Parliament several times the when 1646, spring in was period of 20 months. The final attempt ing shatter and towers down g bringin , gunfire by d castle was battere sent himself king the until in walls. But the defenders would not give duty. a message that said they should surrender, having fulfilled their When they left, only the castle gatehouse was left standing.

6. Dartmouth Castle, Devon

When: 1646 Duration: Two days Famous for: A speedy victory Dartmouth Castle was a Royalist stronghold from October 1643 until January 1646, when a Parliamentary force captured the town at night. Dartmouth Castle was overlooked by high ground and exposed to warships on the river. Its tiny garrison, with no hope of a successful defence, gave up in just two days.

Flying the flag for victory All units of soldiers had their own battle flags, called standards, which they carried into action and guarded closely, as a symbol of their military pride. Why not have a go at designing your own?

andard here

Draw your st

Send us a photo of your design to membersmagazine@immediate.co.uk 7

e h t n o g n i K then

How Charles I came to be imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight – and how he plotted his great escape!

PRISONER OF WAR

June War ended in The First Civil and ed at fe les I de 1646, with Char ampton Cour t H imprisoned at y could agree od ob N .

Palace untry should co on how the s refused to be run. Charle Parliament d an , compromise to groups. in d de vi di was

as Charles 1 w e er h er n so pri

THE GREAT ESCAPE

In Novemb er 16 feared that 47 the king Parliament was under the control of radical so wanted to ru ldiers who le th without a m e country onarch.

One night, w ith two companion s, from Hamp he escaped ton C king was on ourt. The the run!

CAPTURED AGAIN

cat if y ch m e ou can !

les 1

Char

8

d up The king ende ’s or rn ve go e at th residence in stle.

Carisbrooke Ca fe sa a Instead of out ed rn tu it e, plac and to be a prison, told d on m am H l Colone at he Parliament th had the king.

TALKS AND MORE TALKS

Colonel Hammon d allowed the king some frien ds, and to walk and play bo wls in the castle grounds. Ch arles was still involved in ta lks about his role. He secretly tri ed the suppor t of the to get parliament by prom Scot tish ising religious reform, including establishing a form of Protesta ntism.

run

A FINAL JOURNEY

er a In December 1648, aft rst at Hu nt me son pri im rt sho taken Castle, the king was d to London. He was trie ny an tyr of ilty gu and found was against the people. He d was sentenced to death an ry ua Jan beheaded on 30 the 1649. Parliament and army now ruled!

NOW

Charles 1’s bedroom

CAUGHT THE ACTIN

LOL!

Wha Charltewas favour s I’s ite d Royal rink? tea!

BEHIND BARS

For the se co king had nd escape, the a acid to re hacksaw and move a w bar. But a indow t two guard the last minute, s who we the escap re in on ep to Colone lan confessed l Hammo Walking nd. room, he into the king’s joked tha t he had come to sa I hear yo y goodbye, ‘For u are goin g away!’

. plotted an escape The king’s friends t, ou d an in d gle ug Messages were sm . tempts were made and two escape at wn do mb cli to s wa g On the first, the kin rd, ow to the cour tya a rope from a wind ly, te na rtu fo Un ll. e wa and over the castl of rs ba n in the iro the king got stuck the window!

The king was d also imprisone le at Hurst Cast

Another castle… another prison The king’s short stay at Hurst Castle on England’s south coast In December 1648, the king was taken to Hurst Castle, a lonely fort on the mainland opposite the Isle of Wight. The castle stood on a long shingle beach, miles from any other place, and was difficult to escape from.

Parliament held the king there for 19 days, while they prepared to put him on trial for his life.

That was a very serious matter, and it hadn’t been done before – no one knew if it was legal or even possible.

The king waited anxiously with his jailer, the stern captain of the castle who could provide few of the comforts that a king was used to. Charles lived in dark rooms in the keep, and was only allowed out to get some exercise by walking along the beach.

Then one night, the king heard the clatter of horses entering the castle. It was a messenger, with orders that the king was to be taken to London.

9

h Watc eo id the v ull

f ch the To wat w, go to ie interv nglishwww.e rg.uk/ ge.o herita oscobel s kid b

ORY HOMES THROUGH HIST

f o d r a w d o o w meet the

l e b o c s bo hire to put We headed to Shrops iam Penderel your questions to Will try estate – about life on this coun t visitor! hen you firs w e k li it s and its most famous a hat w Is it true that you saved Charles II from Oliver Cromwell’s army?

Indeed it is! It was September 1651 and Charles – the son of Charles I – was on the run after the disastrous defe at of the Royalists at the Bat tle of Worces ter. At just 21 years old, he was forced to flee for his life.

My brother Richard met the king at White Ladies Priory and attempted to guide him towards Wales but that area was heavily patrolled by Cromwell’s army, so instead he brought him here to our hom e.

10

W g? met the kin suddenly awoken by louder

were airs to answ Joan and I ed downst sh ru e and W . er Richard knocking s my broth a e and n w o b re e e th and aked to th so s a hard w ic e R othes. the king. H brother’s cl ed his face to y m in g n shiveri and oil hair short ered him had cut his ant. We ush rv se a s a , knowing im h rotect him disguise p to st e b our s would be in and did ht, our live g u ca re e w that if we o. at stake to

Where did you hide Charles at Boscobel?

What is your typical day like?

parlour We first welcomed him into the Joan sts. gue ive room, where we rece fire. Then the by s sock and ts boo dried his e were ther rd hea daybreak came and we the area ng rchi sea iers sold Parliamentarian ng the hidi of plan the with up e cam so we ugh, eno Sure s. tree king in one of our oak y The . day mid by ved arri had the troops d. dlan woo the searched the grounds and the and en hidd was Fortunately the king then refused troops left frustrated. Charles whole night a nt our offer of a bed and spe under ce spa (a hole st prie hiding in our he was as c) atti our in s ard rbo floo the so scared of being caught!

As the woodward of Boscobel, I spend most of my day outside looking after the estate and maintaining the 200 acres of woodland here at Boscobel. That could entail clearing the undergrowth, maintaining the pastures and coppicing the trees with the other labourers to source wood to sell at market. There’s always a fence to mend or vegetables to grow, too, not to mention emptying the outside privy, which we use for manure for the garden!

To discover more about Charles II’s escape at Boscobel House, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/boscobel

LOL!

house

What do yo u call a Parliam tarian who likesen toast?

Oliver Crumbwell!

To discover more about the history of St Mawes Castle, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/stmawes

Now it’s your turn your own min to make i model of Boscobel H ouse!

STEP 2

STEP 1

d the up to downloa om Ask a grownfr el your mod templates for .org.uk/kids

ritage

-he www.english

Print off the template an d cut out the different sections.

STEP 3

tions e instruc Follow th your model to create t it on display pu and then ss your friends! re p to im

11

s u o l l e v r Ma

medicines How the Countess of Kent, Eliz abeth Grey of Wrest Park, wrote one of the first celebrity cookbooks in the 17th century, with recipes and remed ies for pox, plague and pestilence!

It’s a recipe for disaster!

HEALTHY RECIPES

In the 17th ce ntury, cooker y books and bo ok recipes were s of medical very popular as most peop le had few other places to turn if they got ill. Often th for food and e recipes med were mixed to icines ge as some food ther, s were thought to ha ve medicinal pr oper ties.

A page from a 17th-century cookbook

BOOK OF SECRETS

One example of this type of book is the snappily titled A Choice Manuall, or Rare and Select Secrets in Physick and Chyrurgery: Collected, and Practised by the Right Honourable, the Countesse of Kent, Late Deceased, which was first published in 1653.

12

MYSTERY WRITbyEthRe

to be written Though claiming o was Elizabeth Grey, wh Countess of Kent, was ok bo e st Park, th the owner of Wre only n ow kn e on me by so rd ac tually compiled co re , gh ou J. It did, th ed by their initials, W us en be d ha at th s recipes and remedie at her family and tre by the countess to em! servants. Lucky th Elizabeth Grey

Potions and lotions

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What OL! say wdid peop c hen t le buboaught thheey nic pl Aw, ra ague? ts!

Straight from the book, learn about warts, wind, smelly breath and more!

TO TAKE AWAY WARTS Take snails that have shells, pick them, and with the juice that cometh from them rub the wart every day for the space of seven or eight days.

AGAINST THE WIND Take cumin seeds, fennel seed, carraway seed, and annise seed, beat all these together, and take every morning half a spoonful in broth.

A SYRUP FOR A COLD Take coltsfoot, water hysop, water and honey, add liquorice, annise seeds, and elecampane, and the juice of fennel, and boil them.

CURIOUS CURES

AN APPROVED MEDICINE FOR A STINKING BREATH Take rosemary leaves and flowers, boil them in white wine and let the patient use to wash his mouth very often.

Among the recipes, fairly es randomly ordered, are cur for some gruesome injuries ‘balm and diseases including a edy for a green wound’, a rem or rd swo a m fro und for a wo staff, and medicine for the bite of a mad dog.

FOR SPITTING OF BLOOD Take the juice of bettony tempered with goat’s milk, and drink some three or four mornings together.

SUNBURN AND SNEEZES

The book includes remedies for common ailments too, such as ‘emeroids’, sunburn, toothache, coughs and colds, and even ‘stinking breath’.

Perhaps one of the most unusual is a cure for deafness that involved filling the ears with dried suet!

ALAMY

FOR SUNBURN Take the juice of a lemon, and a little baysalt, and wash your hands with it, and let them dry and wash them again.

Note: All cures are taken from the book with minor adaptations for sense

13

Play

Roundheads Vs Cavaliers

r territory and Challenge a friend to a battle fo im the castles see if you can be the first to cla game in our Civil War-themed board

Long live the king!

He’s got a cavalier attitude!

It’s 1643 and the Civil War between the Roundheads (Parliamentarians) and the Cavaliers (Royalists) is raging, but who will get the upper hand? Choose your side and embark on a race to the finish by becoming the first to beseige and claim all 12 English Heritage castles across the country! The fate of England is in your hands, but have you got what it takes to claim victory?

STEP 1

kids .org.uka/ ds e g a it r e e Roundh glish-h Go to

www.elinck the link for thgeame and c

liers

vs Cava

STEP 2

Download an templates to d print out the make your bo ard and playing pieces

STEP 3

ons to instruc ti y and e th d a e R w to pla s learn hofamily or friend e g n challe to a game!

14

BOO M! can Cool non s!

YOU diD it!

Last issue we challenged you to design a Tudor cannon. Here are the explosive winning entries!

Aavani, age 12

R!

E NN

I

W

RUN NE UP R-

Eleanor, age 6

COMPETITION

Design a Civil War recruitment poster Enter our competition for your chance to win a brilliant £100 goody bag!

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Now you've learned all about the Civil War, we would like you to pick a side and design a poster to drum up support for either the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) mw Cro e or the Royalists (Cavaliers). You should make it as colourful and eyecatching as possible with pictures and a message to try to convince us to join your side! Go to www.englishheritage.org.uk/kids to find out more and enter. We’ve got a goody bag worth £100 from the English Heritage needs you! shop for the most convincing poster!

NER RUN P U Robin, age 5

Terms and conditions The closing date and time for entries is midnight on 5 January 2022. For full terms and conditions, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids

This magazine is published on behalf of English Heritage by Immediate Media Co. www.immediate.co.uk For English Heritage Luke Whitcomb, Johanna Lovesey, Tom Dennis, Tony Dike, Richard Leatherdale, Tom Moriarty, Fran Gibbons For Immediate Media Co Group editor Matt Havercroft, Group production editor Oliver Hurley, Senior art editor Sam Freeman, Art editor Elaine Knight-Roberts, Account director Esther Procee, Account manager Joanne Robinson, Director Julie Williams, Editorial director Dan Linstead, Design director Will Slater Contributors Paul Pattison, Andrew Hann, Steven Brindle, Adam Rees Illustrations Wesley Robins

15

naughty, naughty!

Could you pass as a

Puritan?

5

You’ve been told to wear plain You’ve been told to black clothes! Do you… spy on your family A Wear red socks as an act and friends! Do you… of rebellion A Make a pact never B Agree as long as you can to tell on each other wear make-up B Start a WhatsApp C Cheer as wearing black saves group where you all time-consuming fashion decisions dress up as Cavaliers C Keep a diary of all the rules they break The theatre is considered evil and has been closed! Do you…

A You have to confess your Act out your favourite Harry Potter scenes in secret sins in public! Do you…

B A Agree as going to church Stay silent and admit nothing is so much more fun!

B Post a TikTok video confessing C Open a your crimes against fashion pet theatre C Stand up in church and admit as animals all the bad things you’ve done can’t commit sins Puritans believe only the pure

2

3

Christmas is banned!

Do you…

A Give your presents to the poor B Hide the presents (and the Christmas pudding) C Have a party two days later and say it’s your birthday

4

Playing cards and games are banned! Do you…

A Hand them over as they are distracting you from thinking virtuous thoughts B Hide your favourite games and pretend the dog ate them C Keep your cards but colour the kings and queens in black as Puritans

16

6

7

go to Heaven – and God knows who they are. Do you…

A Shrug and say, ‘If I’m doomed, let’s just have fun’ B Smile and say, ‘It’s God’s will’ C Sing the song ‘Let It Go’ from Frozen (find it on YouTube)

how many did you get right?

4-5

1-3

You’re having far too much fun!

You’re a very wicked person!

6-7

You’re a shining star of Puritan goodness!

Now try these fun-sucking challenges to put your willpower to the test!

WRITE A GOOD LIST Your new Puritan preacher is not impressed by your conduct! Write down 10 ways you could convince him that you are pure in both heart and mind.

BLACK FRIDAY Spend a whole day wearing all black (clothes, socks and shoes) and see if you can get through to bedtime without playing any games or watching any television.

PORRIDGE PENANCE Eat your breakfast cereal without milk as a penance, with extra crunching when you’re munching!

THE NO-LAUGHING CHALLENGE Repeat the words ‘this is indeed a sad and solemn situation’ in your most serious voice five times, while your friends pull faces and try to make you laugh.

Answers: 1C, 2B, 3A, 4A, 5C, 6C, 7B

1

It’s 1649 and Oliver Cromwell’s Parliamentarian Puritans have taken over! Take our quiz to find out if you could live according to their strict beliefs