Figure 3 – The current distribution of human influence, federal districts (okrug), and large natural Russian roadless areas. Legend: 1 – border of the Russian Federation; 2 – Russia Federal District (okrugs) borders (Roman numerals); 3 – large areas of wilderness (Arabic numbers in circles); 4 – high-integrity roadless areas; 5 – low-integrity human-influenced areas; 6 – hard anthropogenic-changed (human-influenced) areas.
tourism areas. That is because such accounting asks for more detailed information than was available. But more attention was given to what a wilderness area means for Russian ecosystem services and natural capital. We also consider that correct visualization of the actual socioeconomic situation of the country on the basis of the proposed integral indicator allows for a new “look” at the specifics of spatial distribution of resources, labor, services, and culture. It will help us understand the real role of Russian regions in the development of economic and ecological space (Figure 3). For a minimal, noneconomic impact of the territory, this information comes from plots of not less than 50,000 hectares (123,553 acres), which made it possible to show a very detailed picture of economic “development” of the whole territory of Russia. The calculation of areas and drawing of contours was carried out through the use of standard software GIS functions (see Figure 3). We calculated wilderness conditions within the boundaries of official “net” administrative-territorial divisions. April 2019 | Volume 25, Number 1 | International Journal of Wilderness
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