3.1 Teaching Attitudinal and Practical Skills in TVET using ICTs ................................. 49 3.1.1 Teaching Attitudes Using ICTs ........................................................................... 50 3.1.2 Teaching Practical Skills Using ICTs .................................................................. 50 3.2 Using ICTs for Workplace Training........................................................................... 52 3.3 Using ICTs for Study-at-Home TVET Programmes .................................................. 54 3.4 Using ICTs for Assessing Teaching and Learning ..................................................... 54 3.5 Using ICTs for Informal Skills Development ............................................................ 56 3.6 Using ICTs for Prior Learning Assessment and Recognition .................................... 57 3.7 Using ICTs for Virtual Internship .............................................................................. 59 3.8 Using Assistive Technologies in TVET ..................................................................... 61 SECTION 4 USING ICTs FOR PROGRAMME SUPPORT IN TVET .............................. 65 4.1 Using ICTs for Administrative Purposes.................................................................... 65 4.2 Using ICTs for Career Education and Guidance in TVET ......................................... 66 4.3 Using ICTs to provide Labour Market information in TVET. ................................... 68 4.4 Using ICTs for Placement of TVET Graduates.......................................................... 72 4.5 Using ICTs for the Control of Technical Systems ..................................................... 72 4.6 Using ICTs for Information Search and Retrieval...................................................... 74 4.7 Using ICTs for Communication Purposes .................................................................. 77 4.8 The Use of ICTs for TVET Programme Design and Development ........................... 79 4.8.1 Online Occupational Analysis and Essential Skills Profile ................................. 79 4.8.2 Automated Instructional System Design and Development ................................ 81 4.8.3 Learning Objects .................................................................................................. 84 4.8.4 Metadata............................................................................................................... 85 4.8.5 Learning Object Standards ................................................................................... 87 SECTION 5 THE USE OF ICTs AND TVET: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE .................. 91 5.1 Emergent Model for Integrating ICTs in TVET ......................................................... 91 5.2 Usage of ICTs in TVET in UNESCO Member States and Other Selected Countries92 5.2.1 Afghanistan .......................................................................................................... 93 5.2.2 Africa ................................................................................................................... 93 5.2.3 Arab States ........................................................................................................... 95 5.2.4 Argentina.............................................................................................................. 95 5.2.5 Australia ............................................................................................................... 95 5.2.6 Bangladesh ........................................................................................................... 98 5.2.7 Cambodia ............................................................................................................. 98 5.2.8 Canada.................................................................................................................. 98 5.2.9 Chile ..................................................................................................................... 98 5.2.10 China .................................................................................................................... 98 5.2.11 Europe .................................................................................................................. 99 5.2.12 Iraq ..................................................................................................................... 100 5.2.13 Korea .................................................................................................................. 100 5.2.14 Lao P.D.R........................................................................................................... 101 5.2.15 Malaysia ............................................................................................................. 101 5.2.16 Mongolia ............................................................................................................ 101 5.2.17 Myanmar ............................................................................................................ 102 5.2.18 Namibia .............................................................................................................. 102 5.2.19 Nepal .................................................................................................................. 102 5.2.20 New Zealand and the Pacific Islands ................................................................. 103 5.2.21 Pakistan .............................................................................................................. 103
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