Table 2. Challenges, Strengths and Actions in Relation to Innovation, Employment Creation, and the Upgrading of Skills of the Labor Force Dimension
Responsible agency(ies)
Level of influence
Interactions and consultation mechanisms with other considered dimensions (use 4 point scale*)
Private‐ public Policy partnerships. assessment Participation mechanisms of the private sector (use 4 point (use 4 point scale**) scale*)
Innovation Employment policies (emphasis on R&D, skilled employment) Higher education (universities, vocational education)
ANII
National
2
3
3
MTSS
National
2
3
2
MEC, Universidad de la República, ANEP (Formación docente) MTSS (DINAE‐ JUNAE) e INEFOP.
National
2
2
2
National 2 3 (INEFOP‐JUNAE) 2 Training policies (on the job, lifelong learning, etc.) Note: * use following scale: 1: Non-existent; 2: Low; 3: High; 4: Very high. ** 1: Non-existent, 2: Some assessment (non compulsory) exist; 3: Assessments are inherent part but the results are not necessary taken into account in the (re)design of the program; 4: Assessments are made and results imply redesign/abandon of programs.
No mechanisms have been developed for evaluating the impact of most employment and training policies and programs in Uruguay. The INEFOP is currently defining a system of surveys as a basis for monitoring and evaluating programs. In the past, the MTSS carried out evaluations of individual programs at different times, but not in a systematic way. Currently, the MTSS has no monitoring and evaluation system in place.
2.3 Innovation and Employment: the Views of Different Agents
We interviewed innovation and employment policymakers, academics, business chambers representatives, trade union representatives, and selected firm representatives to get their views on the impact of innovation on employment. 9 Most of those interviewed concurred that the effect of innovation on total firm employment depends on multiple firm characteristics as well as on the characteristics of the environment in which they operate. The type of economic activity, the type of production, the degree of exposure to international markets, the type of labor organization, the type of 9
See appendix A for the list of the interviewees.
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