DELIVERY OF BASIC HEALTH SERVICES IN CHINA 111
Institutions Hygiene and Anti-Epidemic Stations Professional Institutes Others Total
1952 147 188 20 481
1997
3,619 1,893 393 5,905
Source:China HealthYearbook 1998. Table 8.2. Number of Urban Hospitals of County Level or Higher in 1949 and 1998 Urban Hospitals Total Administered by Health Department Central Level Provincial Level Prefecture/Municipal Level County/District Level
1949
1998
2,600 1,650
15,277 7,873 59 377 1,822 5,615
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Source: China Health Yearbook 1999.
Successful Social Mobilization and Community Participation • Steady and powerful support by various levels of government: for instance, the national patriotic health campaign is supported by more than 30 ministries at central level, four of which initiated a vast health education program for many millions of farmers in 1994; another example is that the inoculation rates of four vaccines in the EPI program are higher than 95 percent, made possible by the consistent participation and interest of local governments, especially by the rural areas' township and village officials. • Active participation by NGOs: the country's NGOs have played an important role in health education and promotion, EPI, environmental protection, and the like—for instance, the Household Committees' social work support has been extremely helpful for the delivery of basic health services in urban areas.
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Table 8.1. Number of Preventive-Care Urban Institutions of County Level or Higher in 1952 and 1997