Tuesday Session I
09:00-10:30 | Room: Amwaj 1 Tuesday Session I: 09:00-10:30 Room: Amwaj 1 Popular Culture Session Chair: Jeffrey Ogbar 35345
09:00-09:30 | Room: Amwaj 1
Creative Territories and Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Artistic Innovation Elena Raevskikh, Centre Norbert Elias, France
The geographical concentration of artistic innovation activities is a long-standing reality that is affirmed on a global, national and local scale, with examples of Hollywood (Scott, 2005), Festival d'Avignon (Pedler, 1999), music in Liverpool (Power, 2008), fashion in Milan (Wenting, 2008), perfume from Grasse, textiles from Lyon, etc. Today, this phenomenon raises several renewed questions. Firstly, regional development strategies, which can be observed in the European Union, but also in the extra-European territories (Russia, Japan), seek to increase the impact of artistic innovation on the socio-economic and industrial sectors. However, the notion of artistic innovation is weakly conceptualized by both the Social Sciences and the national and international normative documents. Secondly, the competitiveness of artistic innovations is related to the diverse risks and uncertainties that cannot be homogenized by the “top-down” creative policies. Finally, because the production and social reception of artistic innovations (painting, perfumery, fashion, digital arts, etc.) are now increasingly associated with new technologies, approaches and concepts that offer multiple fields of comparative and interdisciplinary analysis. By combining the epistemological tools proposed by sociology, political science, economics and geography, this research is focused on the notion of artistic innovation. How could artistic innovation be defined? How are the artistic innovations emerging, moving and transforming? What impact do they have on regional and metropolitan centers engaged in international competition? What are the factors that favor (or create obstacles) to the social assimilation of these innovations by the target populations? 35394
09:30-10:00 | Room: Amwaj 1
The Decontextualization of Arabic Music in France and in the US: Redefining the Conditions of a Musical Practice Maxime Jaffré, Centre Norbert Elias, France
This paper proposes to analyse musicians coming from classical Arabic music institutions that are recomposing outside their institutional and national borders, in countries such as France and the United States. As part of the “world music” production, Arabic music is widely considered as an imported object in Europe as well as in the United States. For most scholars, Arab musicians practicing outside of the Arab world can hardly be considered as authentic ideal types, nor as the counterparts of the classical music institutions from the Maghreb or from the Middle East. However, this paper aims to trace the different steps of the redefinition process implemented by Arab musicians performing in France and in the United States. The recomposition of Arabic music ensembles outside of their institutional and national borders shows how, through their new territorial roots, these musical forms do not recompose disembodied or generic forms of the "Arabic music" but rather are the result of a recontextualisation process that musicians redefine themselves from heterogeneous institutional know-how. The analysis of Arabic music conceived in new territories allows us to understand, from empirical studies such as in Marseille or Chicago, how institutional knowledge and know-how are renewed and implemented, without abandoning the specific scales formats (quarter tones) that were and remain at the foundation of these musical practices. 35472
10:00-10:30 | Room: Amwaj 1
Between Public Policy and Popular Culture: The Great American Crime Decline, 1990-2015 Jeffrey Ogbar, University of Connecticut, USA
This papers explores the significant drop in violent crimes in the United States from 1990 to 2015. The study gives attention to a range of public and private efforts to address a surging crime rate that swept the country in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Despite generally accepted assumptions that a weak economy, with high unemployment and increased poverty, would lead to increased crime rates after the Great Recession began in 2007, scholars and policymakers were surprised to witnessed continued decline in violent crime rates. The paper considers the convergence of a host of important shifts in public policy, as well as cultural changes, and the influence of new technologies and elements in popular culture to explain the decline, offering heretofore unpublished theories on the decline.
60 | IAFOR.ORG | IAFOR Dubai 2017