10:30-12:10 | Room 707
Sunday Onsite Presentation Session 1 Support Systems Session Chair: Miriam Park
10:30-10:55 68786 | Family Supports between Elderly Parents and Adult Children in Thailand Dararatt Anantanasuwong, National Institute of Development Administration, Thailand Duangpen Theerawanviwat, National Institute of Development Administration, Thailand The main purpose of the study was to investigate the manifest family solidarity of older persons in Thailand and to analyze the typology of support between elderly parents and their adult children using the Latent Class Analysis (LCA). The data from Wave 2 (2017) of the longitudinal panel household survey on Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand (HART) were employed for the cross-section analysis. Results: Three aspects of solidarity revealed that when parents were advanced in age, the solidarity or the interrelationship with adult children would tend to increase, in terms of co-residence with children, frequency in contact with children, or the role of sole “recipients” of resource assistance from children. The solidarity indicators had higher share with the oldest-old parents compared with the young-old and the midold parents. The analysis of LCA revealed the four types of support between elderly parents and adult children in Thailand, i.e., “Detached” “Sociable” “Tight knit” and “Normative.” Overall, filial gratitude towards parents still existed in the Thai society. But behavior might change from the old pattern of children’s assistance and support both in cash and in kind to parents, to at least in regular contact with parents or to parents exchanged assistance in kind. This changing behavior reflected the adaptation to the changing society, while familial support to older persons tended to become long-term care. To close the gap between generations should be a policy suggestion. 10:55-11:20 67480 | Family and Gendered Mobility of Older Adults: Case Studies of Tianjin, China and Ryugasaki, Japan Yaqian Mao, University of Tsukuba, Japan Tomoko Kubo, University of Tsukuba, Japan It is important to understand how family and other companions affects older adults’ everyday behavior since they are in their last stage of life cycle and desired to be companied. Many feminist studies indicate that women are generally more vulnerable than men. However, as age rises, this disadvantage may be reduced according to different context. This study focused on the spatiotemporal behavior of older adults and, using time-geographical theory and methods, investigated the impact of coupling constraints on both older women and men in their everyday lives. The case cities were Tianjin, China and Ryugasaki, Japan. The survey was conducted on a face-to-face basis in Tianjin, China while in Ryugasaki it was conducted through mail and telephone interview. We obtained 218 valid questionnaires and 6,239 records of activities in Tianjin, 85 questionnaires and 1,702 records of activities in Ryugasaki. The main results were as follows. 1) type of activities, types of places, travel distance and transportation modes tended to be different under the effect of composition and size of companions; 2) older women have more advantages in mobility compared with older men which is contrary to the results of some other related studies; 3) the impact of modern technology on the daily life of older adults should not be neglected; 4) the social and cultural contexts of China and Japan contributes a lot to the different features of older adults’ behavior. 11:20-11:45 67689 | Benefits Finding Among Spouse Caregivers: Exploring the Nexus of Gender Role Attitude, Caregiver Self-efficacy, Formal
Support Utilization, and Benefits Finding
Zi Yan, Waseda University, Japan Xin Sun, Fudan University, China Jiyuan Zhang, East China Normal University, China Objectives: Interventions aimed at shifting caregivers’ focus from hardships to benefits to increase benefit-finding have become the focus of health promotion and gerontological social work practice. This study investigates whether caregiving benefit finding is predicted by caregiver self-efficacy, formal support utilization, and gender role attitudes among spousal caregivers. Methods: A total of 210 spousal caregiver/care-receiver dyads participated in a survey from July to August 2021 in four Chinese. The survey used the positive aspects of caregiving scale, caregiver task inventory scale, and gender role attitude scale. All mediation and moderated mediation effects were estimated using SPSS26.0. Results: Caregiver self-efficacy was a partial mediator of the path of primary stressors and benefit-finding. Formal support utilization was a direct moderator of the mediated pathways linking primary stressors, caregiver self-efficacy, and benefit finding. Gender role attitudes were moderators at these intersections. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the co-occurrence of high caregiver self-efficacy, formal support utilization, and modern gender role attitudes were related to and predictive of better benefit-finding. Understanding caregivers' gender role attitudes can help professionals develop caregiving stress interventions. Professionals should design tailored psychoeducational interventions managing personal moral concerns and the mastery of relevant skills to further promote caregiver benefit-finding and well-being. 11:45-12:10 55886 | Young People’s Perceptions of Old Age and Resentment: A Cross-cultural Study Miriam Sang-Ah Park, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom Nobuhiko Goto, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Japan Stephen Badham, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom Resentment toward those who are considered to be out-groups in societies seem to be growing, possibly intensified by social comparison and media portrayal of the 'out-groups'. In Europe and North America, these 'out-groups' tend to be those who are racially and cultural different, whereas in East Asia, somewhat surprisingly, there seem to be divisions by age, region, perceived social class and so on which hamper cohesion and tolerance for others. In particular, resentment toward the elders and the privileged amongst young people in Japan and South Korea seems to be strong, as young people in these countries struggle to find satisfaction with life. Observing such attitudes, we investigated the experience and emotions of young people applying scenario testing method. University students in South Korea and Japan rated scenarios on the (un-) fairness and accompanied emotions for different groups (by age and perceived social class). While the results are mixed, we certainly found that out-group perceptions (judged by perceived dissimilarity) are related to feelings of resentment. Our exploratory study has implications for how resentment and out-group perceptions operate in these cultural contexts, and ramifications of such emotions for the wellness of their citizens and the societies. The findings of our study have an important meaning, as one seldom finds studies that focus particularly on Asian countries and social phenomena within these contexts. We argue that more cultural and cross-cultural analyses are necessary for the betterment of the fast-changing Asian societies.
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